CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135d4f2adb9fe01',cH: 'uPlX5WffH9IQfzLq5jMmJw0ij9Ab2nQbsQRiOEwEW.w-1739795878-1.2.1.1-IlqXlnIgvu6l0lRdOYNZhEkv09zpBLyeL5._UJmwEkrXpGZmM7ZJ1OkhlkDCB.P1',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=universal%20implementation&__cf_chl_tk=4QhtrGbA8A3WuPydh.tRt56UoqHZ8jYqQ71PTB1IPgE-1739795878-1.0.1.1-H.xW.T7G9HxJUSUTxoD5EXGSNf0VatWi1F5esjjhr1M",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739795878',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=universal%20implementation&__cf_chl_f_tk=4QhtrGbA8A3WuPydh.tRt56UoqHZ8jYqQ71PTB1IPgE-1739795878-1.0.1.1-H.xW.T7G9HxJUSUTxoD5EXGSNf0VatWi1F5esjjhr1M",md: "7ZW1rlRBfGR4tp64pQyMQWgxsLLK7PqLkssDqrv.YAY-1739795878-1.2.1.1-hByvNLsQ1mBNnL8iF84rio95th0PkdOXlbqc9NxzF6sKhFTm63_cvKkMV57ZpkQJzhq3QlkXg1KcrGMxhAptxUAWzC9rToS.9DvCEPi.BKDWZhzWtdrnqKnjO6AGyPgPbcSh360IiqA6tN0xM5AxTCAAxz_iL70311js5cTIn9Cd0lNjoneQDDAeW06gFc0oufvLgsblhbPAIE8BlQET8xssEVER.QxI2J.KCqqEudY1eW3sr2Bs1_DTGQQv0a5X7sF0iIahlVaE0Y7BEA1SJaD1o5w_9OyZuu3QUwfz5PMVRdb2dxBOyni1magbd2IdADIdf0sUmiQShT6o1EIOFLU91UO2DHOeGt19lB9gaO0QuHIth6oR.2NKHTnc5yheAI2aYbXsWFM9QQEWs8gnnv2StLAcydg85w1.d6S4G5Kud7XvFJFnMasUy9eYXMBtJ_rTVdtaOR.JM5eIkh9ENPWHfXFfaSngrlbUJfFtZRuBHHrm_e6hBtNnvOOw_34b7q9baZM8R7wznaka7SaH367FMkp4KeBTPy0zj4ZWtyiD.OLfu93vdmo06TE1t1iOEmCtIL2_oRmYXUucR6IEYhmYrAfVwN8PwvE9WiDUJq7DxFjTFEeTr_WbGnVOzt9dtcyXf.qFlGPoCW3zqgiYuxONxNLj1BNFlUR9q7asVnDsPRSLHYeGuNDj9rqYdUN4cTHX3wQpWmeHV4_L3z8UPmKC1ypkokYHAWWqgRiD5VuNzmWotN64GHgP_JFnus3ueBxDuYpsfD2_cPEplw92CNIyrIm73D7w3uJpBsIzTINvie_vgbY9dvsdG_Cbaaq5CSPi2mSDzTUJza_MY3fgp_IBfu9FZu_IKfZmhna.zX5_jvHNCBjx3gE9M4Y5zM4jk9WcoVrVQiluRRxt__y9a2DmyeHOYaph4vbAh9.PIWFO.dHFWfXbqTPA8lCbaA5xWfB9gr9WrmIAKO0mogEajdeUwlhluT8UFEbSwIXqqmvO36hiw2qHODVKwP.W11YQT3tFiZVAllkQDKA4xVkasljW8HWBS01UHrR9q2DxXMhHzobtHhBsaI0WGpJs4L4YkVKMI9C8j7ZpE8zHsWmb6LOH5NSL0zJizc5_1Eju6iezvDdOLqFLz6sDGrXD9tQG2TxySUbDYiPGDrF2mf2euJ3TZmG9KtW445Og3UmruoiOjszEJy3pdQU_Dk_KV6x0b.RF.JzC3s1apjZmOO0h4HKeXIl2eG9M43xty4N9Yc.hIND0X0nfW1miaL_kbvZOii_I9PdoyR2Ofh_xT1ZPVuM_KXMteYJX_JE7uYwJ77A1FYdKfdTC7dYO3cB5jZfUIqxks2UJdBcQkeMjEWaiakrcnB3QdQFWGqvidd9j1MRxVElq2lLZQHT.5NzaXGMeqH5u3_8tXc9iLKHSsYpBhWJjbP9Zy6OSNoPx8JHSyZphFIAwHOkTJsOOdtT951xjuztij2_pR1aPQG4Rm5YJEhBMTvWNz.JJzXYKdRDCZ4luNd7vZQavpJp8yKS0OgLL6VtbO3xKT8Tky.zpj0wZG66mHr2m9KnStLKQYNRVKvH08xjY0tcou_LjGa4Gm9KWzbf8Eb2EuCNiGLdIv3m.U.DXnv0HAa.d9kRWFUHZyFavIf1aqfQUB4NEe7IIy_409LAzW8FZbAXZpTEADPpugp4z8gc1UCt3I4ELHWhByQV2ZhwlKKDNi1145l3recFLjeNUqvzJAjejus6C0ntbHNZ8T.KzqKQdvm6iRbyXFrjTRxBAL0MvZHI0YJ8pjEkROH209KS9ltMywJYYOYmIziPW52WCicuq0MTrReEIxXXRaWJIQMoe1G2O1Pgmc2xCx2a5TgGRdystKN6lJCO.QyTX4wzsbK6_eTAO37FrfPMhbF0It.KOKMdSZlULqS1qBwJH6Q5DGhXs_EyF4epK5sZ5B0YFu8Hvot2QKt9U4dwOoscgz1gtLjqnoKUa0Yfv",mdrd: "0maXy3mpmP8i1EIpkeSYiCKs5CgKWaLfHxRQm.gd22k-1739795878-1.2.1.1-cClXmgAq79yHUtSjKLN6tgKwwJRhbcJE0zd7MfJolaN6aWzU2TlJTHEnBwc.lCkf7EiG1CeNjH7msp75aehl5zeZfVTgw76QAawZxocgpK.WkOXwXkFUj.Hvicro7UnFO7yDOM1ecQKLsBRxxEtO3u.f9eQIFE6wsDFdfxA5E6f7krDLMxNnx78mp09gvrh8fYp3qvmkps4YQBWxwki4_KDerMIc19TTkhuqxJwjslipPBcfqGTCYT9R.YOwbIewGlF3hH_r_rqjm93ClhuF1HPhGDqCCO9sjZY1FFEadxfv.IZpFNAZyBoE3i4Xv6vSqj1ml_G..LO5KZmPgzXf0amiuDsseGan0z3nKB8fpxVXe_St8xArowboL4VYOQDWb.yz3A4L90gkOBty7u7.up3YfKrywFkl4PanO09iKP9EKmURmvfSExZPbLiFvz.RcWyPNEGthiraS4qfEBVOpapfmNSMNLDnfddiT68KRPo3RzDVgIVAVcnngQGVYFRn3RMxzfTA6IF2K92N4HA_BO1BNAD4cjzpqGfMlkOBAHef4N1r0TJpbdb_CXEZkGIDX0potYiO88MLGCAExkdZMqf1uX8gSNoap5WVLZ0WBZ_OZkztvwEhbaEapBIeKvY95nT6OBIV9Z5GYyVqDQ4H05ydQcnCXs.wjtXp1x6j3fHFLSMV3J1l1CahMttYBb.5H6K4AM7fFq3vedskFZ6EBerfmuimTaH86Qqwm18.lxSY.llMhcAWYu2rcRtME9PqjnruJ826HFkAvid6sW.spIT_cD2wS4QbJ7cMNMlxF9wniaATxWkmjxEX9buMRnDMmr85v7GGxn0pXea9f4GEZo3Vxkr6b9hcvFHapq.vNIDC_XSM0hCgIMiuCLjjqp0lgR8xMfZxUb8cvMvsolm4GXx3407UvNwsu4aLF31GZvTGyaawA5cLHiu05AHeqJnnp4quqxHgaVWSa1ohrxtVW_8rh4rsoiXc5Pkxntd9k2Bvn0bwkm0eMiYNISya53fPgdqpC6w458YsSmUamkyHBy6mtJ8yVFZ3hJwlTz6TLUtgkbLHM_bb.s1fmix48vgO1wXGsa8VCRXJO63PEMkHOrzgVDE7bzOkcrntK2n4GIhNw2Zi4HSKpWs6Pj5km5DMfVmTD3sbn93wWbqVwJWEWWOB0WEfXLwegpnKTkvBl1UzUJYC5LZ9c8yNINRXhUp5nX5hyTSntOR83nQ1XqaOjV3UJZray0I1zRhIeVb7txXv5CtMkn7D6lVldbi6Hvo0b3FkxJ.4o48.Tx3ZoKHbVmmf_wMoLCGRJhZ.qxqLkpL__LfFcQ6ZCk3HNvaoiWZ..rkEUbRUk9_bW1QHGjonUPJdd9DotHOt_7eksqT40lAAz5RbQsgeokYZ2dTybKELAbg9j8LMM.54Qk_EqpUDnXNGOTarTCucS4y7cXUxzPxY36C2gKjPA5XdoAULiVJzzzTY.YhaYJJPi3CMI9QCuxOQSZlI7ZVm07aVReAReR4XzbX.ekv2zaRB8m6axx9oCGJxgzMTQ9_t.VR6e6c9v1b1JSDycNNy4uVukz9XGqV31LjZKmYvFW0DREsFPwXOR.pK74BoJ4GOfpxlmBKWM7zIXvT0lBxYiW_My86q5UoVVuC7FV4.7RYDY3qxWYMjU2PcB9jC1yq2i1F3UMNmvgxorshkgdw9c5g6XeasuxkLcX5W7HNXgoe.b5ddTpilycekuVJPDv3oYRhgk.lG0PWEDqTxbDAf_.S.S_tN.JDszaZ53WoK_8W6wZm3ld6z.6oMRS_8gRw9slo4WcQfqiYyVLxptU.kOfkJYo72_LU.MZLYD8L3jGcoMoOT9X3h7M93NeQapcfMuzegmxOT3jUAD4EDVSdheayjcDBTKaUrP_1NvDGoRQkIP.VR0SJAacPU6ku30vSXYXdapPuIi9ggwygImiU6_2CkalLZA5fHkINvZUu3bFVW5nuIHffsyKn1UtfmuGJP.Ro5.1mEXg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135d4f2adb9fe01';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=universal%20implementation&__cf_chl_rt_tk=4QhtrGbA8A3WuPydh.tRt56UoqHZ8jYqQ71PTB1IPgE-1739795878-1.0.1.1-H.xW.T7G9HxJUSUTxoD5EXGSNf0VatWi1F5esjjhr1M" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>