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</a> <ul id="toc-First_castles_at_Welshpool:_1111–1286-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_history:_1286–1644" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history:_1286–1644"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Early history: 1286–1644 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history:_1286–1644-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Herberts:_1660–1800" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Herberts:_1660–1800"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 The Herberts: 1660–1800 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Herberts:_1660–1800-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Clives_and_Herberts:_1801–1952" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Clives_and_Herberts:_1801–1952"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 The Clives and Herberts: 1801–1952 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Clives_and_Herberts:_1801–1952-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_National_Trust:_1952–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_National_Trust:_1952–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 The National Trust: 1952–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_National_Trust:_1952–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture_and_description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture_and_description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Architecture and description </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture_and_description-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Architecture and description subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture_and_description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exterior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exterior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Exterior </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exterior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interiors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interiors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Interiors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interiors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Great_Staircase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Great_Staircase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Great Staircase </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Great_Staircase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_Dining_Room" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_Dining_Room"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 State Dining Room </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_Dining_Room-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_Bedroom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_Bedroom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3 State Bedroom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_Bedroom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Long_Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long_Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.4 Long Gallery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long_Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clive_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clive_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.5 Clive Museum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clive_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Listing_designations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Listing_designations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Listing designations </div> </a> <ul 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class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Powis Castle</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" > 15 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastell_Powys" title="Kastell Powys – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kastell Powys" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castell_de_Powis" title="Castell de Powis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Castell de Powis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powys_(hrad)" title="Powys (hrad) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Powys (hrad)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castell_Powys" title="Castell Powys – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Castell Powys" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powis_Castle" title="Powis Castle – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Powis Castle" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powis_Castle" title="Powis Castle – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Powis Castle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castillo_de_Powis" title="Castillo de Powis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Castillo de Powis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Powis" title="Château de Powis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Château de Powis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EC%84%B1" title="포이스성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포이스성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powis_Castle" title="Powis Castle – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Powis Castle" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castelo_de_Powis" title="Castelo de Powis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Castelo de Powis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Замок Поуис – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Замок Поуис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powys_Castle" title="Powys Castle – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Powys Castle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad_Powis" title="Grad Powis – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Grad Powis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Grade I listed castle in Powys, Wales</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="font-size:125%; text-align:center">Powis Castle</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Powis_Castle_2016_116_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Powis_Castle_2016_116_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Powis_Castle_2016_116_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Powis_Castle_2016_116_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Powis_Castle_2016_116_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Powis_Castle_2016_116_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Powis_Castle_2016_116_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3845" data-file-height="2383" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Powis Castle from the south, showing the distinctive terraced gardens</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Castle</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Welshpool" title="Welshpool">Welshpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Powys" title="Powys">Powys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Powis_Castle&params=52_39_00_N_03_09_38_W_type:landmark">52°39′00″N 03°09′38″W / 52.65000°N 3.16056°W / 52.65000; -3.16056</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Architect</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Winde" title="William Winde">William Winde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smirke_(architect)" title="Robert Smirke (architect)">Robert Smirke</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Frederick_Bodley" title="George Frederick Bodley">George Frederick Bodley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/powis-castle-and-garden">Official website</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><div style="border:4px solid #1E8C00; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Cadw/ICOMOS_Register_of_Parks_and_Gardens_of_Special_Historic_Interest_in_Wales" title="Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales">Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Powis Castle</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">1 February 2022; 3 years ago (2022-02-01)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">PGW(Po)35(POW)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Listing</th><td class="infobox-data">Grade I</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><div style="border:4px solid #FFC0CB; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Listed_building#England_and_Wales" title="Listed building">Listed Building</a> – Grade I</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Powis Castle</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">25 April 1950</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">7746</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><div style="border:4px solid #FFC0CB; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Listed_building#England_and_Wales" title="Listed building">Listed Building</a> – Grade I</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Aviary Terrace in Powis Castle Gardens</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">11 March 1981</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">16775</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><div style="border:4px solid #FFC0CB; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Listed_building#England_and_Wales" title="Listed building">Listed Building</a> – Grade I</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Orangery Terrace in Gardens at Powis Castle</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">11 March 1981</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">16776</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><div style="border:4px solid #FFC0CB; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Listed_building#England_and_Wales" title="Listed building">Listed Building</a> – Grade I</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Apple Slope Terrace in Gardens at Powis Castle</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">11 March 1981</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">16777</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:235px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:235px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:235px"><a href="/wiki/File:Powys_UK_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Powis Castle is located in Powys"><img alt="Powis Castle is located in Powys" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Powys_UK_relief_location_map.jpg/235px-Powys_UK_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Powys_UK_relief_location_map.jpg/353px-Powys_UK_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Powys_UK_relief_location_map.jpg/470px-Powys_UK_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2006" data-file-height="2837" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.5%;left:75.674%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Powis Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Powis Castle in Powys</div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Powis Castle (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: Castell Powys) is a <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> <a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">castle</a>, fortress and grand country house near <a href="/wiki/Welshpool" title="Welshpool">Welshpool</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Powys" title="Powys">Powys</a>, Wales. The seat of the <a href="/wiki/Herbert_family" title="Herbert family">Herbert</a> family, <a href="/wiki/Earls_of_Powis" class="mw-redirect" title="Earls of Powis">earls of Powis</a>, the castle is known for its <a href="/wiki/Formal_garden" title="Formal garden">formal gardens</a> and for its interiors, the former having been described as "the most important", and the latter "the most magnificent", in the country. The castle and gardens are under the care of the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust</a>. Powis Castle is a <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">Grade I listed building</a>, while its gardens have their own Grade I listing on the <a href="/wiki/Cadw/ICOMOS_Register_of_Parks_and_Gardens_of_Special_Historic_Interest_in_Wales" title="Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales">Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales</a>. The present castle was built in the 13th century. Unusually for a castle on the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Marches" title="Welsh Marches">Marches</a>, it was constructed by a Welsh prince, <a href="/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Gwenwynwyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn">Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn</a>, rather than by a <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</a> baron. Gruffydd was prince of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Kingdom of Powys</a> and maintained an alliance with the English king <a href="/wiki/Edward_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward I">Edward I</a> during the struggles of the later 13th century. He was able to secure the position of his son, Owain, although the kingdom itself was abolished by the Parliament of Shrewsbury in 1283. After his father's death, Owain was raised to the peerage as <a href="/wiki/Owen_de_la_Pole" title="Owen de la Pole">Owen de la Pole</a>, 1st Lord of Powis. Following his own death <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1293, and the death of his only son, he was succeeded by his daughter, <a href="/wiki/Hawys_Gadarn" title="Hawys Gadarn">Hawys Gadarn</a>, "the Lady of Powis". Hawys married Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Charlton,_1st_Baron_Charlton" title="John Charlton, 1st Baron Charlton">John Charlton</a> in 1309. In the late 16th century the castle was purchased by Edward Herbert, a younger son of <a href="/wiki/William_Herbert,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke_(died_1570)" title="William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1570)">William Herbert, 1st earl of Pembroke</a>, beginning a connection between the family and the castle that continues today. The Herberts remained <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> until the 18th century and, although rising in the peerage to earls, marquesses and <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_peerage" title="Jacobite peerage">Jacobite</a> dukes of Powis, suffered periods of imprisonment and exile. Despite these setbacks, they were able in the late 17th and early 18th centuries to transform Powis from a border fortress into an aristocratic country house, and surround it with one of the very few extant examples of a British <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> garden. In 1784 <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Clive,_Countess_of_Powis" title="Henrietta Clive, Countess of Powis">Henrietta Herbert</a> married <a href="/wiki/Edward_Clive,_1st_Earl_of_Powis" title="Edward Clive, 1st Earl of Powis">Edward Clive</a>, eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Clive_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Clive of India">Clive of India</a>, a match which replenished the much-depleted Herbert family fortune. In the early 20th century, <a href="/wiki/George_Herbert,_4th_Earl_of_Powis" title="George Herbert, 4th Earl of Powis">George Herbert, 4th Earl of Powis</a> redeveloped the castle with the assistance of the architect <a href="/wiki/George_Frederick_Bodley" title="George Frederick Bodley">George Frederick Bodley</a>. Herbert’s wife, <a href="/wiki/Violet_Herbert,_Countess_of_Powis" title="Violet Herbert, Countess of Powis">Violet</a>, undertook work of equal importance in the garden, seeking to turn it into "one of the most beautiful, if not the most beautiful, in England and Wales". On the 4th Earl's death in 1952, his wife and his sons having predeceased him, the castle passed into the care of the National Trust. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_castles_at_Welshpool:_1111–1286">First castles at Welshpool: 1111–1286</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First castles at Welshpool: 1111–1286">edit</a>]</div> Unlike the castles at <a href="/wiki/Conwy_Castle" title="Conwy Castle">Conwy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caernarfon_Castle" title="Caernarfon Castle">Caernarfon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harlech_Castle" title="Harlech Castle">Harlech</a> and nearby <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Castle" title="Montgomery Castle">Montgomery</a>, which were built by the English to subdue the Welsh, the castles at <a href="/wiki/Welshpool" title="Welshpool">Welshpool</a> were built by the Welsh princes of <a href="/wiki/Powys_Wenwynwyn" title="Powys Wenwynwyn">Powys Wenwynwyn</a> as their dynastic seat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis2021326-1">[1]</a> In addition to the current site, two <a href="/wiki/Motte-and-bailey_castle" title="Motte-and-bailey castle">motte-and-bailey castles</a> and a set of earthworks are located nearby.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis2021327–328-2">[2]</a> The names Trallwg/Tallwm and Pola are used interchangeably in early primary sources, and it is unclear which of these sites is being referred to.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurgeon196651-3">[3]</a> The earliest reference dates from 1111, when <a href="/wiki/Cadwgan_ap_Bleddyn" title="Cadwgan ap Bleddyn">Cadwgan ap Bleddyn</a> is mentioned as having planned to construct a castle at Trallwng Llywelyn,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurgeon196651-3">[3]</a> the oldest record of a native Welsh castle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis200791-4">[4]</a> Domen Castell, a motte-and-bailey near the modern <a href="/wiki/Welshpool_railway_station" title="Welshpool railway station">railway station</a>, is considered the most likely site of Cadwgan's castle, although it is uncertain whether it was completed as he was <a href="/wiki/Assassinated" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassinated">assassinated</a> the same year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold199398-5">[5]</a> The first documentary account of an extant castle at Welshpool is a description of the successful 1196 <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">siege</a> by an English army, although the castle was retaken by the Welsh within the year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold199398-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis2021327-6">[6]</a> The earliest castle at the current site may have been a timber building constructed by <a href="/wiki/Owain_Cyfeiliog" title="Owain Cyfeiliog">Owain Cyfeiliog</a> or his son, <a href="/wiki/Gwenwynwyn" title="Gwenwynwyn">Gwenwynwyn</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1197–1216).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan2008196-7">[7]</a> The present masonry structure contains 13th-century fabric,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScourfieldHaslam2013242-8">[8]</a> most likely the work of <a href="/wiki/Gruffydd_ap_Gwenwynwyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn">Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1241–1287) – although historians are uncertain when this took place.<a href="#cite_note-10">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> In 1274, Gruffydd's "first castle" at Welshpool was destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Llywelyn_ap_Gruffudd" title="Llywelyn ap Gruffudd">Llywelyn ap Gruffudd</a> as punishment for his involvement in a scheme to assassinate Llywelyn.<a href="#cite_note-13">[b]</a> The castle was documented again in 1286, when it was listed amongst Gruffydd's possessions as "la Pole Castr".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurgeon196698-14">[12]</a> A detailed examination of Powis Castle's extant masonry carried out between 1987 and 1989 revealed early stonework incorporated into the later structure, putatively the remains of an early stone <a href="/wiki/Shell_keep" title="Shell keep">shell keep</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold1993101–102,_106,_108–109-15">[13]</a> At the end of <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Wales_by_Edward_I" title="Conquest of Wales by Edward I">Edward I's conquest of Wales</a> in 1282–83, the king permitted Gruffydd to rebuild his castle at Welshpool as a reward for his loyalty.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis2021329-16">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history:_1286–1644">Early history: 1286–1644</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history: 1286–1644">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Herbert_1st_Baron_Herbert_of_Cherbury_by_Isaac_Oliver.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Edward_Herbert_1st_Baron_Herbert_of_Cherbury_by_Isaac_Oliver.jpg/220px-Edward_Herbert_1st_Baron_Herbert_of_Cherbury_by_Isaac_Oliver.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Edward_Herbert_1st_Baron_Herbert_of_Cherbury_by_Isaac_Oliver.jpg/330px-Edward_Herbert_1st_Baron_Herbert_of_Cherbury_by_Isaac_Oliver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Edward_Herbert_1st_Baron_Herbert_of_Cherbury_by_Isaac_Oliver.jpg/440px-Edward_Herbert_1st_Baron_Herbert_of_Cherbury_by_Isaac_Oliver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1087" data-file-height="845" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edward_Herbert,_1st_Baron_Herbert_of_Cherbury" title="Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury">Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[c]</a></figcaption></figure> In 1286, four years after the conquest of Wales, Gruffydd's son, <a href="/wiki/Owen_de_la_Pole" title="Owen de la Pole">Owain ap Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn</a> became the last hereditary prince of Powys when he renounced his royal title, and was granted the barony of de la Pole, (i.e. "of the Pool", a reference to Welshpool, formerly called just "Pool").<a href="#cite_note-19">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScourfieldHaslam2013243-20">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher199354-21">[17]</a> The ancient <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Kingdom of Powys</a> had once included the counties of <a href="/wiki/Montgomeryshire" title="Montgomeryshire">Montgomeryshire</a>, much of <a href="/wiki/Denbighshire" title="Denbighshire">Denbighshire</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/Radnorshire" title="Radnorshire">Radnorshire</a> and large areas of <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a>, but by the 13th century had been reduced to two independent principalities – <a href="/wiki/Powys_Wenwynwyn" title="Powys Wenwynwyn">Powys Wenwynwyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Powys_Fadog" title="Powys Fadog">Powys Fadog</a> – roughly equivalent to Montgomeryshire and South Denbighshire (plus <a href="/wiki/Maelor_Saesneg" title="Maelor Saesneg">Maelor Saesneg</a>), respectively; Welshpool had become the capital of Powys Wenwynwyn, of which Owain had been heir. On the death of Owain, the castle passed to his daughter <a href="/wiki/Hawys_Gadarn" title="Hawys Gadarn">Hawys</a>, who married Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Charlton,_1st_Baron_Charlton" title="John Charlton, 1st Baron Charlton">John Charlton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher199354-21">[17]</a> The Charltons continued to live at Powis until the fifteenth century when two daughters, Joyce Tiptoft and Joan Grey inherited the castle and estates. Both were equally divided, each daughter and her husband living in a portion of the castle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher199354–55-22">[18]</a> In 1578 an illegitimate son of the last <a href="/wiki/Baron_Grey_of_Powis" title="Baron Grey of Powis">Baron Grey of Powis</a>, began leasing the lordship and castle to a distant relative – Sir Edward Herbert (d. 1595), second son of <a href="/wiki/William_Herbert,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke_(10th_Creation)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (10th Creation)">Sir William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke</a>. Edward eventually bought the castle outright in 1587, beginning the connection between the Herberts and Powis Castle which continues today.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher199355-23">[19]</a> Sir Edward's wife was a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> and the family's allegiance to Rome and to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Stuart" title="House of Stuart">Stuart</a> kings was to shape its destiny for over a century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScourfieldHaslam2013243-20">[16]</a> Sir Edward began the transformation of Powis from a border fortress into an Elizabethan country house. The major remaining element of his work is the <a href="/wiki/Long_gallery" title="Long gallery">Long Gallery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher199355-23">[19]</a> Herbert's descendent <a href="/wiki/William_Herbert,_1st_Baron_Powis" title="William Herbert, 1st Baron Powis">William Herbert, 1st Baron Powis</a> (c. 1573–1655), was a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a>, and was granted the barony of Powis in 1629.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher199355-23">[19]</a> His loyalty during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> cost him his castle and his estates.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher199355–56-24">[20]</a> On 22 October 1644 Powis Castle was captured by Parliamentary troops and was not returned to the family until the <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Restoration" title="Stuart Restoration">restoration</a> of <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> in 1660.<a href="#cite_note-25">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Herberts:_1660–1800">The Herberts: 1660–1800</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Herberts: 1660–1800">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Powis_Castle_2016_054.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Powis_Castle_2016_054.jpg/220px-Powis_Castle_2016_054.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Powis_Castle_2016_054.jpg/330px-Powis_Castle_2016_054.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Powis_Castle_2016_054.jpg/440px-Powis_Castle_2016_054.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Hercules" title="Hercules">Hercules</a> statue which stood originally in the Water Garden</figcaption></figure> On the restoration, the Herberts returned to Powis, and in 1674 <a href="/wiki/William_Herbert,_1st_Marquess_of_Powis" title="William Herbert, 1st Marquess of Powis">William Herbert</a> (c. 1626–1696) was created <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Powis" title="Earl of Powis">Earl of Powis</a> (of the first creation). The state bedroom was installed in about 1665 and further improvements, including the construction of the Great Staircase followed in the 1670s. These developments were most probably carried out under the direction of <a href="/wiki/William_Winde" title="William Winde">William Winde</a>, who may also have designed the terraced gardens. His employer, although restored to his estates, and raised in the peerage, was barred by his Catholic faith from high office under <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>. On the accession of the King's brother, <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James</a> in 1685, Herbert became one of the new king's chief ministers, and was again advanced in the peerage becoming <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Powis" title="Marquess of Powis">Marquess of Powis</a> in 1687, but fell at the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a> of 1688 and followed James into exile in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[e]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III</a> granted the castle to his nephew, <a href="/wiki/William_Nassau_de_Zuylestein,_1st_Earl_of_Rochford" title="William Nassau de Zuylestein, 1st Earl of Rochford">William Nassau de Zuylestein, 1st Earl of Rochford</a>. Herbert died, still in exile, in 1696.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher199357–58-29">[24]</a> Despite their 30-year exile, the Herberts were able to continue with developments at the castle and even to live there on an irregular basis, the Baroque water garden below the castle being completed at this time.<a href="#cite_note-30">[25]</a> Their fortunes were also materially improved by the discovery of a lucrative lead mine on their Welsh estates.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher199357–58-29">[24]</a> The second Marquess, also <a href="/wiki/William_Herbert,_2nd_Marquess_of_Powis" title="William Herbert, 2nd Marquess of Powis">William</a>, was reinstated in 1722. On the death of his son, the <a href="/wiki/William_Herbert,_3rd_Marquess_of_Powis" title="William Herbert, 3rd Marquess of Powis">third Marquess</a> in 1748, the marquessate became extinct, while the castle and estates passed to a relative, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Arthur_Herbert,_1st_Earl_of_Powis" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Arthur Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis">Henry Herbert</a> (c. 1703–1772), of <a href="/wiki/Oakly_Park" title="Oakly Park">Oakly Park</a> in Shropshire, who was made 1st Earl of Powis (of the second creation) by <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher199358-31">[26]</a> Herbert married <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Herbert,_Countess_of_Powis" title="Barbara Herbert, Countess of Powis">Barbara</a>, the fifteen-year-old granddaughter of the 2nd Marquess, in 1751. Their eldest son, <a href="/wiki/George_Herbert,_2nd_Earl_of_Powis" title="George Herbert, 2nd Earl of Powis">George Herbert, 2nd Earl of Powis</a> (1755–1801), died unmarried and the earldom of the second creation became extinct.<a href="#cite_note-33">[f]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher199359-32">[27]</a> Powis was much neglected during his tenure. <a href="/wiki/John_Byng,_5th_Viscount_Torrington" title="John Byng, 5th Viscount Torrington">John Byng, 5th Viscount Torrington</a>, a diarist and traveller who chronicled his journeys into Wales in the 1780s and 1790s, described the castle in 1784, "In the gardens not even the fruit is attended to; the balustrades and terraces are falling down, and the horses graze on the parterres!!!"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhittle199231-34">[28]</a> The castle itself was in no better condition, a visitor in 1774 describing it as "in Neglect and Ruin".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher199359-32">[27]</a> Nonetheless, the potential of the site was recognised. <a href="/wiki/George_Lyttelton,_1st_Baron_Lyttelton" title="George Lyttelton, 1st Baron Lyttelton">George Lyttelton</a>, the politician, poet and essayist, recorded his impressions in 1756, "About £3,000 laid out upon Powis Castle would make it the most august place in the Kingdom."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher19934-35">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Clives_and_Herberts:_1801–1952">The Clives and Herberts: 1801–1952</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Clives and Herberts: 1801–1952">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Powis_Castle,_Main_Entrance_(geograph_2574971).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Powis_Castle%2C_Main_Entrance_%28geograph_2574971%29.jpg/220px-Powis_Castle%2C_Main_Entrance_%28geograph_2574971%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Powis_Castle%2C_Main_Entrance_%28geograph_2574971%29.jpg/330px-Powis_Castle%2C_Main_Entrance_%28geograph_2574971%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Powis_Castle%2C_Main_Entrance_%28geograph_2574971%29.jpg/440px-Powis_Castle%2C_Main_Entrance_%28geograph_2574971%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>The Outer Courtyard with the Fame statue in the foreground</figcaption></figure> In 1784, Henry Herbert's daughter, <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Clive,_Countess_of_Powis" title="Henrietta Clive, Countess of Powis">Henrietta</a>, married <a href="/wiki/Edward_Clive,_1st_Earl_of_Powis" title="Edward Clive, 1st Earl of Powis">Edward Clive</a> (1754–1839), the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Clive_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Clive of India">Clive of India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-trust-36">[30]</a> Clive had followed his father to India, and served as <a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_and_presidents_of_Madras_Presidency" title="List of colonial governors and presidents of Madras Presidency">Governor of Madras</a>. Henrietta's brother died in 1801, whereupon the title lapsed; in 1804, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Clive,_1st_Earl_of_Powis" title="Edward Clive, 1st Earl of Powis">her husband</a> was created first Earl of Powis (of the third creation). The Clive fortune paid for long overdue repairs to the castle, which were carried out by Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smirke_(architect)" title="Robert Smirke (architect)">Robert Smirke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-cadw7746-38">[32]</a> Their son, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Herbert,_2nd_Earl_of_Powis" title="Edward Herbert, 2nd Earl of Powis">Edward</a> (1785–1848), inherited his late uncle's Powis estates on his 21st birthday, taking the surname Herbert in compliance with his uncle's will.<a href="#cite_note-trust-36">[30]</a> Edward Herbert served in a range of administrations as an Anti-Catholic Tory, his speeches in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> being "cautious and pertinent, although marred by dull delivery". He died in 1848, following a <a href="/wiki/Hunting_and_shooting_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom">shooting</a> accident at Powis in which he was fatally injured by his second son.<a href="#cite_note-39">[33]</a> No further major changes were made to the Powis estate during his time, or in the long tenure of his eldest son <a href="/wiki/Edward_Herbert,_3rd_Earl_of_Powis" title="Edward Herbert, 3rd Earl of Powis">Edward Herbert, 3rd Earl of Powis</a> (1818–1891), although the castle was well maintained. In honour of his great-grandfather, the earl was offered the <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of India">viceroyalty of India</a> by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a> but declined, writing "Not worth considering. Powis" on the envelope containing the invitation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontgomery-Massingberd199454-40">[34]</a> The final alterations to Powis Castle were undertaken at the beginning of the 20th century by <a href="/wiki/George_Frederick_Bodley" title="George Frederick Bodley">George Frederick Bodley</a> for <a href="/wiki/George_Charles_Herbert,_4th_Earl_of_Powis" class="mw-redirect" title="George Charles Herbert, 4th Earl of Powis">George Charles Herbert, 4th Earl of Powis</a> (1862–1952). The rooms designed by Bodley remain his only extant decorative scheme; the longevity of the 4th Earl, the deaths of his heirs, and his bequest of the castle to the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust</a> saw the early 20th-century remodelling remain largely unaltered.<a href="#cite_note-42">[g]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall2014351-43">[36]</a> The 4th earl's wife, <a href="/wiki/Violet_Herbert,_Countess_of_Powis" title="Violet Herbert, Countess of Powis">Violet (nee Lane-Fox)</a>, undertook the final transformation of the gardens of Powis Castle, which she felt had the potential to be "the most beautiful in England and Wales".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELacey19929-44">[37]</a> The Countess died following a car accident in 1929, and Lord Powis outlived both his sons, who died on active service, Percy from wounds received at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">Battle of the Somme</a> in 1916,<a href="#cite_note-45">[38]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mervyn_Herbert,_Viscount_Clive" title="Mervyn Herbert, Viscount Clive">Mervyn</a> in a plane crash in 1943.<a href="#cite_note-46">[39]</a> On his own death in 1952, he bequeathed the castle and gardens to the National Trust.<a href="#cite_note-49">[h]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher199363-50">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_National_Trust:_1952–present">The National Trust: 1952–present</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The National Trust: 1952–present">edit</a>]</div> The 4th earl was succeeded by his cousin, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Herbert,_5th_Earl_of_Powis" title="Edward Herbert, 5th Earl of Powis">Edward Herbert, 5th Earl of Powis</a> (1889–1974). Edward's heir was <a href="/wiki/Christian_Herbert,_6th_Earl_of_Powis" title="Christian Herbert, 6th Earl of Powis">Christian Herbert, 6th Earl of Powis</a> (1904–1988). He was succeeded by his cousin, <a href="/wiki/George_Herbert,_7th_Earl_of_Powis" title="George Herbert, 7th Earl of Powis">George Herbert, 7th Earl of Powis</a> (1925–1993),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher199363-50">[42]</a> who was in turn succeeded by his son, <a href="/wiki/John_Herbert,_8th_Earl_of_Powis" title="John Herbert, 8th Earl of Powis">John</a>, the 8th and current Earl.<a href="#cite_note-51">[43]</a> The Herbert family continue to live in part of the castle, under an arrangement with the National Trust.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJenkins2008252–254-52">[44]</a> The Trust has undertaken a number of major works of restoration during its ownership, including the Marquess Gate,<a href="#cite_note-53">[45]</a> the Grand Staircase,<a href="#cite_note-auto1-54">[46]</a> and the sculpture of Fame in the Outer Courtyard.<a href="#cite_note-56">[i]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher19936–8-55">[47]</a> The castle and its gardens receive around 200,000 visitors annually.<a href="#cite_note-57">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture_and_description">Architecture and description</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Architecture and description">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Powis_Castle_plan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Powis_Castle_plan.jpg/400px-Powis_Castle_plan.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Powis_Castle_plan.jpg/600px-Powis_Castle_plan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Powis_Castle_plan.jpg/800px-Powis_Castle_plan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1685" data-file-height="939" /></a><figcaption>Ground plan of the castle</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exterior">Exterior</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Exterior">edit</a>]</div> Entrance to the castle is made through an outer gatehouse, with the stables to the right and a coach house to the left. The <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> building history is complex; John R. Kenyon, in his study The Medieval Castles of Wales, notes that "the accretion of later buildings and much modification, have made it notoriously difficult to interpret the early phasing."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKenyon201060-58">[49]</a> Continuing the run of buildings on the left is the North Range, with former domestic offices below and a ballroom above. The base of this block formed the outer bailey wall of the original castle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeves2008260–262-59">[50]</a> The first floor of this range also contains the Clive Museum, which features artefacts brought from India by the Clives in the 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-eic-60">[51]</a> The outer courtyard contains the lead statue of Fame, attributed to the workshop of <a href="/wiki/John_Nost" title="John Nost">John Nost</a> (d. 1729). Originally located in the water gardens, the piece seems to have been struck from the same mould as the Pegasus and Fame supplied by van Nost between 1705 and 1716 to Sir Nicholas <a href="/wiki/Shireburn_baronets" title="Shireburn baronets">Shireburn</a> at <a href="/wiki/Stonyhurst" title="Stonyhurst">Stonyhurst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher19936-61">[52]</a> A grand staircase leads to the doorway to the main keep, sandwiched between two drum towers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeves2008260–262-59">[50]</a> The keep is entered at the other end through the Marquess Gate, a sequence of iron gates, followed by a flight of steps leading up to a Baroque doorcase. Their date of construction is uncertain; they may be from the time of the 1st Marquess in the late 17th century, or from the time of the 2nd Marquess in the early 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-62">[53]</a> Both entrances lead into the small Inner Courtyard. Originally with an open arcade, this was enclosed by Smirke in the 1820s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher199329-63">[54]</a> The keep contains the main living apartments of the Herberts, while the continuance of the North Range houses the kitchen and servants' quarters.<a href="#cite_note-cadw7746-38">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interiors">Interiors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Interiors">edit</a>]</div> Scourfield and Haslam, in their Powys volume of <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Pevsner" title="Nikolaus Pevsner">Pevsner's</a> <a href="/wiki/Pevsner_Architectural_Guides" title="Pevsner Architectural Guides">The Buildings of Wales</a>, describe the castle interiors as "the most magnificent in Wales".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScourfieldHaslam2013247-64">[55]</a> They contain murals and ceiling paintings by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Verrio" title="Antonio Verrio">Antonio Verrio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Lanscroon" title="Gerard Lanscroon">Gerard Lanscroon</a>; a collection of <a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_era" title="Elizabethan era">Elizabethan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacobean_era" title="Jacobean era">Jacobean</a> family portraits mainly of members of the <a href="/wiki/Edward_Herbert,_1st_Baron_Herbert_of_Chirbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Chirbury">Herberts of Chirbury</a>, who inherited the castle in the early 18th century; <a href="/wiki/Carolean_era" title="Carolean era">Carolean</a> furnishings of notable richness and quality; and items from the picture and Indian collections of Robert Clive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaing1995235–236-65">[56]</a> The early 20th-century redevelopment and redecoration undertaken by <a href="/wiki/George_Bodley" class="mw-redirect" title="George Bodley">George Bodley</a> was sensitively handled, Scourfield and Haslam consider it "appropriate and finely executed",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScourfieldHaslam2013244-66">[57]</a> and it is the only remaining, unaltered, example of his decorative approach.<a href="#cite_note-69">[j]</a> The work took from 1902 until Bodley's death in 1907 and cost around £30,000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall2014351–353-70">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Great_Staircase">Great Staircase</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Great Staircase">edit</a>]</div> The great staircase was built c. 1673-85, probably under the direction of William Winde.<a href="#cite_note-cadw7746-38">[32]</a> The ceiling painting is by Verrio, and likely depicts <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Braganza" title="Catherine of Braganza">Catherine of Braganza</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>. Charles restored <a href="/wiki/William_Herbert,_1st_Marquess_of_Powis" title="William Herbert, 1st Marquess of Powis">William Herbert</a> to his Welsh estates and made him 1st Earl of Powis (of the first creation) in 1674.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaing1995235–236-65">[56]</a> The painting's inspiration is the Apotheosis of Venice in the <a href="/wiki/Doge%27s_Palace" title="Doge's Palace">Doge's Palace</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Veronese" title="Paolo Veronese">Paolo Veronese</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeves2008260–263-71">[61]</a> The staircase has been closed to visitors to the castle for many years, because of structural instability. In 2017 the Trust began fundraising efforts for restoration.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-54">[46]</a> A structural survey, undertaken in 2020, investigated whether the staircase vibrations, caused by visitor footfall, were the cause of damage to the wall and ceiling paintings. The report's authors concluded that there was not a direct link, but emphasised the challenge of balancing the needs of visitors with the requirement to maintain historic fabrics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWattsLithgowSandham202013–17-72">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="State_Dining_Room">State Dining Room</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: State Dining Room">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henrietta_Clive,_Countess_of_Powis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Henrietta_Clive%2C_Countess_of_Powis.jpg/250px-Henrietta_Clive%2C_Countess_of_Powis.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Henrietta_Clive%2C_Countess_of_Powis.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Clive,_Countess_of_Powis" title="Henrietta Clive, Countess of Powis">Henrietta Clive, Countess of Powis</a> whose marriage re-established the family fortune</figcaption></figure> The dining room was created by Bodley by the re-amalgamation of two smaller rooms.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris201212-73">[63]</a> The 4th Earl took a very close interest in Bodley's work, and influenced much of the decoration. The chimneypieces in the room were copied from examples in the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a>, and the ceiling from the Reindeer Inn, a <a href="/wiki/Public_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Public house">public house</a> in <a href="/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury">Banbury</a>, both at the Earl's suggestion.<a href="#cite_note-74">[k]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall2014351–353-70">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris201212-73">[63]</a> The room contains a portrait of <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Clive,_Countess_of_Powis" title="Henrietta Clive, Countess of Powis">Henrietta Clive, Countess of Powis</a> (1758–1830), painted in 1777 by Sir <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds" title="Joshua Reynolds">Joshua Reynolds</a>. The Countess was daughter of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert,_1st_Earl_of_Powis" title="Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis">Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis</a> and wife of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Clive,_1st_Earl_of_Powis" title="Edward Clive, 1st Earl of Powis">Edward Clive, 1st Earl of Powis</a>. The hat and the lace scarf which she wears in the portrait are not shown in an engraving of the same subject dating to 1778 and appear to have been added later.<a href="#cite_note-75">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="State_Bedroom">State Bedroom</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: State Bedroom">edit</a>]</div> A remarkable survival of the 1660s, the State Bedroom is the only remaining one in Britain where a balustrade separates the bed alcove from the rest of the room.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScourfieldHaslam2013248-76">[65]</a> The design demonstrates the desire of the Anglo-Welsh aristocracy to emulate the etiquette that regulated the court of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> at <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris201220–21-77">[66]</a> The room is attributed to <a href="/wiki/William_Winde" title="William Winde">William Winde</a>, at the time of his work on the gardens.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeves2008260–263-71">[61]</a> When improvements to the castle were being considered in 1772, the architect <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Farnolls_Pritchard" title="Thomas Farnolls Pritchard">Thomas Farnolls Pritchard</a> recommended that the bedroom be preserved.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher199322-78">[67]</a> The bed itself dates from this period of reconstruction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris201220-79">[68]</a> The room was designed to receive Charles II, and is much decorated with the initials CR.<a href="#cite_note-80">[l]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJenkins2008252–254-52">[44]</a> The window latches in the shape of the <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers" title="Prince of Wales's feathers">Prince of Wales's feathers</a> commemorate the visit of the future King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a>. His son and daughter-in-law (later King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> and Queen <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Mary</a>), visited in 1909.<a href="#cite_note-81">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Long_Gallery">Long Gallery</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Long Gallery">edit</a>]</div> The Long Gallery was built by Sir Edward Herbert, following his purchase of the castle in 1587.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicolson1968176-82">[70]</a> It is constructed to a T-plan, an unusual design for an <a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_era" title="Elizabethan era">Elizabethan</a> <a href="/wiki/Long_gallery" title="Long gallery">long gallery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreeves2008260–262-59">[50]</a> Displayed in the gallery is a marble group of a cat and snake. It is probably <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a>, dating between the 1st century BC and 2nd century AD, although it could be an 18th-century fake.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher199328-83">[71]</a> Representations of cats are rare in Roman art.<a href="#cite_note-84">[72]</a> The marble, quarried on <a href="/wiki/Thasos" title="Thasos">Thasos</a> was probably purchased by Clive of India for his wife on his visit to Italy in 1774.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher199328-83">[71]</a> The gallery also contains a set of busts of the Roman Caesars. Their great weight led to their being moved from the Long Gallery by the Trust, because of concerns that they would lead the floor to collapse, but a full reconstruction of the floor has enabled them to be returned.<a href="#cite_note-85">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Clive_Museum">Clive Museum</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Clive Museum">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Powys_Castle_Interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Powys_Castle_Interior.jpg/300px-Powys_Castle_Interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Powys_Castle_Interior.jpg/450px-Powys_Castle_Interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Powys_Castle_Interior.jpg/600px-Powys_Castle_Interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2846" data-file-height="1762" /></a><figcaption>An interior view</figcaption></figure> When Robert Clive returned to England, his fortune of some £234,000 (£23 million today), made him the richest <a href="/wiki/Self-made_man" title="Self-made man">self-made man</a> in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-eic-60">[51]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/William_Dalrymple_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Dalrymple (historian)">William Dalrymple</a>, much of the wealth amassed by Clive was <a href="/wiki/Looting" title="Looting">loot</a> that was illicitly collected after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Battle of Plassey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eic-60">[51]</a> Several of Clive's acquisitions are on display in the Clive Museum at Powis Castle, along with items acquired subsequently by Edward and Henrietta, during Edward's time working firstly for the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> and then as the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Madras">Governor of Madras</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[m]</a><a href="#cite_note-eic-60">[51]</a> These include <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a>'s magnificent state tent, made of painted <a href="/wiki/Chintz" title="Chintz">chintz</a>; gold and bejewelled tiger's head finials from Tipu's throne; two <a href="/wiki/Cannons" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannons">cannons</a> that are today positioned on either side of the castle entrance, and textiles, armour, weapons, bronzes, <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> pieces, and collections of <a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">jade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-trust-36">[30]</a> The Clive Museum, opened in 1987 next to the ballroom in the North Range,<a href="#cite_note-88">[75]</a> has been the focus of controversy in the 21st century, because of the raised awareness of the links between country house collections and colonialism, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> movement.<a href="#cite_note-89">[76]</a> The National Trust has committed to supporting reinterpretation of the South Asian collection and in 2020 commissioned a research project in association with the <a href="/wiki/Ashmolean_Museum" title="Ashmolean Museum">Ashmolean Museum</a> to investigate its history, contents and provenance.<a href="#cite_note-92">[n]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Listing_designations">Listing designations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Listing designations">edit</a>]</div> In Wales <a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a> is the statutory body with responsibility for the listing of buildings. Cadw uses the same rating system as <a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>, classifying listed buildings into three categories; Grade I, the highest grade, for buildings of "exceptional interest", Grade II*, the next grade, for buildings of "more than special interest", and Grade II, the lowest grade, for buildings of "special interest".<a href="#cite_note-95">[81]</a> Powis Castle is a <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">Grade I listed building</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cadw7746-38">[32]</a> The Outer Gatehouse,<a href="#cite_note-96">[82]</a> the Marquess Gate,<a href="#cite_note-97">[83]</a> the Ballroom Range to the north of the Outer Courtyard<a href="#cite_note-98">[84]</a> and the retaining wall to the south,<a href="#cite_note-99">[85]</a> as well as the Top,<a href="#cite_note-100">[86]</a> Aviary,<a href="#cite_note-101">[87]</a> and Orangery Terraces all have separate Grade I listings.<a href="#cite_note-102">[88]</a> The statues of Fame,<a href="#cite_note-103">[89]</a> and of Hercules are listed Grade II*.<a href="#cite_note-104">[90]</a> The raised terrace to the south-east,<a href="#cite_note-105">[91]</a> the stone vase on the site of the water garden cascade,<a href="#cite_note-106">[92]</a> and the Peacock statue have Grade II designations<a href="#cite_note-107">[93]</a> as do a number of domestic offices, including the <a href="/wiki/Ice_house_(building)" title="Ice house (building)">Ice House</a>,<a href="#cite_note-108">[94]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Bothy" title="Bothy">Bothy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-109">[95]</a> the Garden House,<a href="#cite_note-110">[96]</a> four cottages,<a href="#cite_note-111">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[100]</a> and a range of garden features.<a href="#cite_note-115">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gardens">Gardens</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Gardens">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Powis_Castle-_The_Orangery_Terrace_(geograph_6154330).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Powis_Castle-_The_Orangery_Terrace_%28geograph_6154330%29.jpg/250px-Powis_Castle-_The_Orangery_Terrace_%28geograph_6154330%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Powis_Castle-_The_Orangery_Terrace_%28geograph_6154330%29.jpg/375px-Powis_Castle-_The_Orangery_Terrace_%28geograph_6154330%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Powis_Castle-_The_Orangery_Terrace_%28geograph_6154330%29.jpg/500px-Powis_Castle-_The_Orangery_Terrace_%28geograph_6154330%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6578" data-file-height="4384" /></a><figcaption>The Orangery Terrace</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Whittle" title="Elisabeth Whittle">Elisabeth Whittle</a>, the garden historian, considers the gardens at Powis to be "the most important and magnificent [.] in Wales".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhittle199230-119">[105]</a> They mainly survived the 18th-century reaction against the formality of earlier garden design, and are one of the few remaining <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> gardens in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAttlee200954–59-120">[106]</a> Although their exact dating is uncertain, the terraces were hewn from the rock at some point between the 1670s and 1705 under the direction of William Winde and later Adrian Duvall, a French gardener from <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[108]</a> The concept of formal terraces was introduced into northern Europe from the gardens of 16th-century Italy. The gardens originally comprised six terraces, descending from the castle, and culminating in a <a href="/wiki/Water_garden" title="Water garden">water garden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[109]</a> Winde had earlier worked on a similar terraced layout at <a href="/wiki/Cliveden" title="Cliveden">Cliveden</a> in <a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a>, a design of which his patron was almost certainly aware.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAttlee200954–59-120">[106]</a> The castle gardens are listed Grade I on the <a href="/wiki/Cadw/ICOMOS_Register_of_Parks_and_Gardens_of_Special_Historic_Interest_in_Wales" title="Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales">Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales</a>, their listing record describing them as the finest remaining Baroque gardens in Britain.<a href="#cite_note-124">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Water_Garden">The Water Garden</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The Water Garden">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Powis_Castle_in_Montgomeryshire.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/View_of_Powis_Castle_in_Montgomeryshire.jpeg/250px-View_of_Powis_Castle_in_Montgomeryshire.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/View_of_Powis_Castle_in_Montgomeryshire.jpeg/375px-View_of_Powis_Castle_in_Montgomeryshire.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/View_of_Powis_Castle_in_Montgomeryshire.jpeg/500px-View_of_Powis_Castle_in_Montgomeryshire.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>A late 18th-century view showing the terraces and water garden</figcaption></figure> Duvall may have had training in <a href="/wiki/Hydraulics" title="Hydraulics">hydraulics</a>, being responsible for the original water gardens, which were laid out in a Dutch style.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhittle199230-119">[105]</a> Their design was almost certainly influenced by the gardens of the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Germain-en-Laye" title="Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye">Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a>, outside Paris. The château was home to James II after his flight from England and was thus well known to the Marquess of Powis and his son. Its grounds were landscaped in an <a href="/wiki/Italian_garden" title="Italian garden">Italianate style</a> comprising gravelled walks between <a href="/wiki/Parterre" title="Parterre">parterres</a>, with fountains and basins.<a href="#cite_note-125">[o]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhittle199230-119">[105]</a> By 1705, despite the Herberts' absence, the water garden was completed. John Bridgeman, a guest in that year, wrote "the waterworks and fountains are much beyond anything I ever saw, the cascade has two falls of water which concludes in a noble Bason (sic)."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELacey19925-126">[111]</a> The Powis water garden lasted just over 100 years, and was dismantled by 1809, on the advice of <a href="/wiki/William_Emes" title="William Emes">William Emes</a>. Emes, who trained under <a href="/wiki/Capability_Brown" title="Capability Brown">Capability Brown</a>, swept away the formal parterres and proposed the demolition of the terraces by explosives. The Earl rejected his advice regarding the terraces, although the lowest two were reduced to earthen banks, but permitted the replacement of the water garden with the Great Lawn.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAttlee200954–59-120">[106]</a> The water garden had comprised a series of pools and fountains, interspersed with flower beds and decorated with an array of statuary, a number of which, such as the Fame and the Hercules were relocated to different sites on the estate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAttlee200954–59-120">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Terraces">The Terraces</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: The Terraces">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Powis_Castle-_Lead_statues_by_the_workshop_of_John_van_Nost_(d._1729)_3_(geograph_6154322).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Powis_Castle-_Lead_statues_by_the_workshop_of_John_van_Nost_%28d._1729%29_3_%28geograph_6154322%29.jpg/250px-Powis_Castle-_Lead_statues_by_the_workshop_of_John_van_Nost_%28d._1729%29_3_%28geograph_6154322%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Powis_Castle-_Lead_statues_by_the_workshop_of_John_van_Nost_%28d._1729%29_3_%28geograph_6154322%29.jpg/375px-Powis_Castle-_Lead_statues_by_the_workshop_of_John_van_Nost_%28d._1729%29_3_%28geograph_6154322%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Powis_Castle-_Lead_statues_by_the_workshop_of_John_van_Nost_%28d._1729%29_3_%28geograph_6154322%29.jpg/500px-Powis_Castle-_Lead_statues_by_the_workshop_of_John_van_Nost_%28d._1729%29_3_%28geograph_6154322%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6722" data-file-height="4481" /></a><figcaption>View along the Aviary Terrace</figcaption></figure> Four of the terraces remain, the last two having reverted to banks of earth covered with shrubs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicolson1968178-127">[112]</a> Each is 150m in length.<a href="#cite_note-128">[113]</a> The Top Terrace is planted with a range of yew trees, a distinctive feature at Powis. Originally tightly clipped in the form of obelisks, they have grown into an array of amorphous shapes. The 14 "tumps" on the Top Terrace, and the hedge at its eastern end, were planted by the 2nd Marquess in the 1720s. The darker Irish yews elsewhere in the garden date from the following century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELacey199213-129">[114]</a> Below is the Aviary Terrace, the site of a bird house, which is decorated with four statues of shepherds and shepherdesses by John Nost. They were once painted in colours, but are now treated with a uniform grey weather-resistant paint.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELacey199215-130">[115]</a> The third level is the Orangery Terrace, which houses an <a href="/wiki/Orangery" title="Orangery">orangery</a>. When built this was heated and was open to the elements, but in the early 20th century the arcade was enclosed with windows and a door case moved from the main entrance to the keep in the Outer Courtyard.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhittle199231-34">[28]</a> A lead statue of a peacock on this terrace came originally from <a href="/wiki/Claremont_(country_house)" title="Claremont (country house)">Claremont</a>, Robert Clive's country house in <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELacey199219-131">[116]</a> The last remaining terrace is the Apple Bank. Helena Attlee, in her The Gardens of Wales, notes the varied planting styles, sub-tropical on the Top Terrace, Mediterranean on the Aviary Terrace, and British double-herbaceous borders on the Orangery Terrace.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAttlee200954–59-120">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_work">Later work</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Later work">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Top_Terrace,_Powis_Castle_(geograph_1783177).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Top_Terrace%2C_Powis_Castle_%28geograph_1783177%29.jpg/120px-Top_Terrace%2C_Powis_Castle_%28geograph_1783177%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Top_Terrace%2C_Powis_Castle_%28geograph_1783177%29.jpg/180px-Top_Terrace%2C_Powis_Castle_%28geograph_1783177%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Top_Terrace%2C_Powis_Castle_%28geograph_1783177%29.jpg/240px-Top_Terrace%2C_Powis_Castle_%28geograph_1783177%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>The Powis yews on the Top Terrace</figcaption></figure> William Emes, apart from the destruction of the water garden, did make improvements to the estate. A road that cut through the park just below the castle was diverted, and much planting was undertaken on the <a href="/wiki/Wilderness_(garden_history)" title="Wilderness (garden history)">Wilderness</a> Ridge, the line of hills opposite the castle, on the other side of the Great Lawn.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELacey19927-132">[117]</a> The last major transformation of the gardens was undertaken in the early 20th century by <a href="/wiki/Violet_Herbert,_Countess_of_Powis" title="Violet Herbert, Countess of Powis">Violet</a>, wife of the fourth earl. Her ambition was "to turn a poor and meagre garden into one of the most beautiful, if not the most beautiful, in England and Wales".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELacey19929-44">[37]</a> Violet's work included the relocation of the entire kitchen garden, including its glasshouses, to a new position behind the Wilderness ridge and the laying out of the formal garden at the base of the terraces, and a fountain garden and a <a href="/wiki/Croquet" title="Croquet">croquet lawn</a> in the far south-eastern corner.<a href="#cite_note-133">[118]</a> The kitchen garden had previously been concealed from the castle by a bank of elm trees, but these were brought down in a storm in 1912, exposing a view of the greenhouses which appalled the Countess. "I am greeted every day by the repulsive sight of the detestable little [hot]houses which stare in their naked horror up at the beautiful terraces and the grand old castle towering above."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELacey199223-134">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Powis_Castle_2016_012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of the drum towers"><img alt="Detail of the drum towers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Powis_Castle_2016_012.jpg/200px-Powis_Castle_2016_012.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Powis_Castle_2016_012.jpg/300px-Powis_Castle_2016_012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Powis_Castle_2016_012.jpg/400px-Powis_Castle_2016_012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3818" data-file-height="3178" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of the drum towers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Powis_Castle_2016_004.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Fame statue"><img alt="The Fame statue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Powis_Castle_2016_004.jpg/133px-Powis_Castle_2016_004.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Powis_Castle_2016_004.jpg/200px-Powis_Castle_2016_004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Powis_Castle_2016_004.jpg/266px-Powis_Castle_2016_004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Fame statue</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gate_detail_at_Powis_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3610369.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of the Fountain Garden gateway"><img alt="Detail of the Fountain Garden gateway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Gate_detail_at_Powis_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3610369.jpg/183px-Gate_detail_at_Powis_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3610369.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Gate_detail_at_Powis_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3610369.jpg/275px-Gate_detail_at_Powis_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3610369.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Gate_detail_at_Powis_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3610369.jpg/366px-Gate_detail_at_Powis_Castle_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3610369.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1466" data-file-height="1600" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of the Fountain Garden gateway</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Powis_Castle_2016_056.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Parapet to the Marquess Gate"><img alt="Parapet to the Marquess Gate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Powis_Castle_2016_056.jpg/200px-Powis_Castle_2016_056.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Powis_Castle_2016_056.jpg/300px-Powis_Castle_2016_056.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Powis_Castle_2016_056.jpg/400px-Powis_Castle_2016_056.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Parapet to the Marquess Gate</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Powis_Castle_2016_026.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View from the castle"><img alt="View from the castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Powis_Castle_2016_026.jpg/133px-Powis_Castle_2016_026.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Powis_Castle_2016_026.jpg/200px-Powis_Castle_2016_026.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Powis_Castle_2016_026.jpg/266px-Powis_Castle_2016_026.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">View from the castle</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Wales" title="List of castles in Wales">List of castles in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gardens_in_Wales" title="List of gardens in Wales">List of gardens in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powis_House" title="Powis House">Powis House</a> – the family's former London residence</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> The historian David Stephenson has suggested that the castle could have been started in the period 1241–1257, although if this was the case "the first structure almost certainly suffered near total destruction in 1274".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephenson20079–21-9">[9]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> The castle is recorded is having been "burnt down" by Llywelyn, implying the presence of a timber structure, but Gruffydd subsequently demanded compensation worth £1000 – a large sum indicating his castle may have included a substantial masonry structure.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis200792-12">[11]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> The portrait of Sir Edward Herbert of Cherbury came to the castle when a Cherbury Herbert married into the family of their cousins, the Powis Herberts, in the 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> The unusual spelling of Powis, with an 'i' instead of a 'y' as in the county spelling, derives from the Herbert family's title as Lord, and later Earl of Powis. Powis is a shortened version of the Latinised spelling of the Welsh Powys. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Although deprived of his estates, Herbert gained in aristocratic precedence. James elevated him to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Powis" title="Marquess of Powis">Marquess</a> in 1687, and made him Duke of Powis in 1689. Although Herbert used the latter title, it was unrecognised outside of the <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Peerage" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobite Peerage">Jacobite Peerage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[23]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> George Herbert spent extravagantly and was not well-regarded by his contemporaries. <a href="/wiki/John_Byng,_5th_Viscount_Torrington" title="John Byng, 5th Viscount Torrington">John Byng</a> described him as "a mean silly man, the bubble of his mistress and his steward, who rarely comes [to Powis] to sneak about for a day or two".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher199359-32">[27]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> The connection between the 4th Earl and Bodley may have been occasioned through the Earl's cousin, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Windsor-Clive,_1st_Earl_of_Plymouth" title="Robert Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth">Robert Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth</a>, whose Worcestershire home, <a href="/wiki/Hewell_Grange" title="Hewell Grange">Hewell Grange</a> was also designed by the partnership of Bodley & Garner, although there <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Garner" title="Thomas Garner">Thomas Garner</a> took the leading role.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall2014215–216-41">[35]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> The family retained the wider estate, which comprises some 14,000 acres in Powys and Shropshire.<a href="#cite_note-47">[40]</a> They also retained ownership of some of the contents, many of those of South Asian origin being disposed of in a sale in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-48">[41]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> The statue of Fame, depicting the muse blowing a trumpet while astride a horse, has had an unfortunate history since its removal from the water garden. In the early 19th century it was sited above the main gate, before being moved to a flowerbed in the Outer Courtyard. In the early 20th century, Bodley attempted to restore it as a fountain but the result failed to please the countess. "The horse looked as if it was trying to jump out of a footbath. The jet of water through the trumpet was not strong enough. Altogether it was not a success." By the 1990s, the whole statue was close to collapse, because of the decay of its inner supporting structure, and the Trust was required to undertake a wholescale renovation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallagher19936–8-55">[47]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Bodley's contemporaneous remodelling at <a href="/wiki/St_Donat%27s_Castle" title="St Donat's Castle">St Donat's Castle</a>, undertaken with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Garner" title="Thomas Garner">Thomas Garner</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAslet2013154-67">[58]</a> was almost completely obliterated in the "brutal" remodelling undertaken by <a href="/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst" title="William Randolph Hearst">William Randolph Hearst</a> in the 1920s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall2014350-68">[59]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> The Earl particularly disliked Robert Smirke's <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical</a> redecoration, "I decided to remove some of the late 18th and early 19th century alterations which I thought incongruous and not in keeping with the castle."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall2014351–353-70">[60]</a> He was also conscious of the impact on the castle's fabric of many years of neglect. A guest, on being shown her gloomy bedroom at the castle, had congratulated his wife on the ingenious conversion of the dungeons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall2014351–353-70">[60]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Although Charles II never stayed at Powis, the current king <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> was a frequent visitor to the castle during the time of the 6th Earl.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJenkins2008252–254-52">[44]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> After the siege which ended the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Mysore War">Fourth Anglo-Mysore War</a> in 1799, Henrietta wrote to her brother; "The plunder of <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Seringapatam_(1799)" title="Siege of Seringapatam (1799)">Seringapatam</a> is immense. The riches are quite extraordinary. I should like to have the pickings of some of the boxes."<a href="#cite_note-86">[74]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> The Powis South Asia collection has featured in the 21st-century <a href="/wiki/Culture_war" title="Culture war">culture wars</a>. The Trust’s efforts to better understand and explain the collection have drawn both praise<a href="#cite_note-90">[77]</a> and criticism.<a href="#cite_note-91">[78]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> The connection between the Powis landscape and that of the French château was identified by contemporaries. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pennant" title="Thomas Pennant">Thomas Pennant</a>, an antiquarian, traveller and writer, and author of A Tour in Wales, 1770, described Powis as being "in the wretched taste of St Germain en Laye".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhittle199230-119">[105]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis2021326-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis2021326_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavis2021">Davis 2021</a>, p. 326. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis2021327–328-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis2021327–328_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavis2021">Davis 2021</a>, pp. 327–328. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurgeon196651-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurgeon196651_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurgeon196651_3-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpurgeon1966">Spurgeon 1966</a>, p. 51. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis200791-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis200791_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavis2007">Davis 2007</a>, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold199398-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold199398_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold199398_5-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFArnold1993">Arnold 1993</a>, p. 98. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis2021327-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis2021327_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavis2021">Davis 2021</a>, p. 327. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorgan2008196-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorgan2008196_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMorgan2008">Morgan 2008</a>, p. 196. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScourfieldHaslam2013242-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScourfieldHaslam2013242_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFScourfieldHaslam2013">Scourfield & Haslam 2013</a>, p. 242. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephenson20079–21-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStephenson20079–21_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStephenson2007">Stephenson 2007</a>, pp. 9–21. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archwilio.org.uk/arch/query/page.php?watprn=CPAT123">"Powis Castle; Regional Historic Environment Record"</a>. Archwilio database. <a href="/wiki/Clwyd-Powys_Archaeological_Trust" title="Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust">CPAT</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411093752/https://www.archwilio.org.uk/arch/query/page.php?watprn=CPAT123">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archwilio+database&rft.atitle=Powis+Castle%3B+Regional+Historic+Environment+Record&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archwilio.org.uk%2Farch%2Fquery%2Fpage.php%3Fwatprn%3DCPAT123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis200792-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis200792_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavis2007">Davis 2007</a>, p. 92. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpurgeon196698-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpurgeon196698_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpurgeon1966">Spurgeon 1966</a>, p. 98. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold1993101–102,_106,_108–109-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold1993101–102,_106,_108–109_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFArnold1993">Arnold 1993</a>, pp. 101–102, 106, 108–109. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis2021329-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis2021329_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavis2021">Davis 2021</a>, p. 329. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/1183954">"Sir Edward Herbert"</a>. National Trust. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419182959/http://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/1183954">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2021. 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Khaleej Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230309092458/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/long-reads/indian-treasure-trove-in-a-welsh-corner">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+treasure+trove+in+a+Welsh+corner&rft.pub=Khaleej+Times&rft.date=2021-08-20&rft.aulast=Sunwalker&rft.aufirst=Prasun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khaleejtimes.com%2Flong-reads%2Findian-treasure-trove-in-a-welsh-corner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMasani2021" class="citation web cs1">Masani, Zareer (12 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.restoretrust.org.uk/restore-trust-issues/the-clives-looters-or-art-collectors">"The Clives: Looters or art collectors"</a>. Reclaim Trust. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230309092514/https://www.restoretrust.org.uk/restore-trust-issues/the-clives-looters-or-art-collectors">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Clives%3A+Looters+or+art+collectors&rft.pub=Reclaim+Trust&rft.date=2021-09-12&rft.aulast=Masani&rft.aufirst=Zareer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.restoretrust.org.uk%2Frestore-trust-issues%2Fthe-clives-looters-or-art-collectors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/features/addressing-the-histories-of-slavery-and-colonialism-at-the-national-trust">"Addressing the histories of slavery and colonialism at the National Trust"</a>. National Trust. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220908182611/https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/features/addressing-the-histories-of-slavery-and-colonialism-at-the-national-trust">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Addressing+the+histories+of+slavery+and+colonialism+at+the+National+Trust&rft.pub=National+Trust&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationaltrust.org.uk%2Ffeatures%2Faddressing-the-histories-of-slavery-and-colonialism-at-the-national-trust&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ashmolean.org/south-asian-collection-powis-castle">"The South Asian Collection in Powis Castle"</a>. Ashmolean Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418014514/https://www.ashmolean.org/south-asian-collection-powis-castle">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+South+Asian+Collection+in+Powis+Castle&rft.pub=Ashmolean+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ashmolean.org%2Fsouth-asian-collection-powis-castle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadw.gov.wales/sites/default/files/2019-05/Understanding%20Listing%20in%20Wales.pdf">"Understanding Listing in Wales"</a> (PDF). Cadw. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210607142521/https://cadw.gov.wales/sites/default/files/2019-05/Understanding%20Listing%20in%20Wales.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Understanding+Listing+in+Wales&rft.pub=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadw.gov.wales%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2019-05%2FUnderstanding%2520Listing%2520in%2520Wales.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw16780" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=16780">"Outer Gateway at Powis Castle (Grade I) (16780)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Outer+Gateway+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+I%29+%2816780%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D16780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw7747" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=7747">"Marquess Gate at Powis Castle (Grade I) (7747)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Marquess+Gate+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+I%29+%287747%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D7747&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw16782" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=16782">"Ballroom Range at Powis Castle (Grade I) (16782)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Ballroom+Range+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+I%29+%2816782%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D16782&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw16781" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=16781">"Retaining wall to courtyard at Powis Castle (Grade I) (16781)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Retaining+wall+to+courtyard+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+I%29+%2816781%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D16781&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw7748" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=7748">"Brick Wall to the rear of the Top Terrace at Powis Castle (Grade I) (7748)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Brick+Wall+to+the+rear+of+the+Top+Terrace+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+I%29+%287748%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D7748&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw16775" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=16775">"Aviary Terrace at Powis Castle (Grade I) (16775)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Aviary+Terrace+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+I%29+%2816775%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D16775&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw16776" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=16776">"Orangery Terrace at Powis Castle (Grade I) (16776)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Orangery+Terrace+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+I%29+%2816776%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D16776&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw16785" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=16785">"Statue of Fame in the Outer Courtyard at Powis Castle (Grade II*) (16785)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Statue+of+Fame+in+the+Outer+Courtyard+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+II%2A%29+%2816785%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D16785&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw16786" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=16786">"Statue of Hercules at the east of the Top Terrace at Powis Castle (Grade II*) (16786)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Statue+of+Hercules+at+the+east+of+the+Top+Terrace+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+II%2A%29+%2816786%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D16786&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw16783" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=16783">"Raised Terrace to the south east of Powis Castle (Grade II) (16783)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Raised+Terrace+to+the+south+east+of+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+II%29+%2816783%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D16783&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw16788" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=16788">"Stone Vase on east bank of gardens at Powis Castle (Grade II) (16788)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Stone+Vase+on+east+bank+of+gardens+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+II%29+%2816788%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D16788&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw16787" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=16787">"Peacock Statue to the southwest of Orangery Terrace in Powis Castle gardens (Grade II) (16787)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Peacock+Statue+to+the+southwest+of+Orangery+Terrace+in+Powis+Castle+gardens+%28Grade+II%29+%2816787%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D16787&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw16789" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=16789">"Ice House in garden at Powis Castle (Grade II) (16789)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Ice+House+in+garden+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+II%29+%2816789%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D16789&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw16790" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=16790">"The Bothy at Powis Castle (Grade II) (16790)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=The+Bothy+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+II%29+%2816790%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D16790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw16794" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=16794">"The Garden House at Powis Castle (Grade II) (16794)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=The+Garden+House+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+II%29+%2816794%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D16794&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw7749" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=7749">"No.1 Park House at Powis Castle (Grade II) (7749)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=No.1+Park+House+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+II%29+%287749%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D7749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw16778" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=16778">"No.2 Park House at Powis Castle (Grade II) (16778)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=No.2+Park+House+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+II%29+%2816778%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D16778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw16792" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=16792">"No.1 Dairy Square at Powis Castle (Grade II) (16792)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=No.1+Dairy+Square+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+II%29+%2816792%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D16792&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw16793" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=16793">"No.2 Dairy Square at Powis Castle (Grade II) (16793)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=No.2+Dairy+Square+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+II%29+%2816793%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D16793&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw16791" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=16791">"Wall to garden and outbuildings at the bothy at Powis Castle (Grade II) (16791)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Wall+to+garden+and+outbuildings+at+the+bothy+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+II%29+%2816791%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D16791&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw7750" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=7750">"Garden Wall to the south of No.s 1 & 2 Park House at Powis Castle (Grade II) (7750)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Garden+Wall+to+the+south+of+No.s+1+%26+2+Park+House+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+II%29+%287750%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D7750&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw16795" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=16795">"Gate to the Fountain Garden at Powis Castle (Grade II) (16795)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Gate+to+the+Fountain+Garden+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+II%29+%2816795%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D16795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadw16796" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=16796">"Sundial in Fountain Garden at Powis Castle (Grade II) (16796)"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Sundial+in+Fountain+Garden+at+Powis+Castle+%28Grade+II%29+%2816796%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D16796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhittle199230-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhittle199230_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhittle199230_119-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhittle199230_119-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhittle199230_119-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhittle1992">Whittle 1992</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAttlee200954–59-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAttlee200954–59_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAttlee200954–59_120-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAttlee200954–59_120-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAttlee200954–59_120-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAttlee200954–59_120-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFAttlee2009">Attlee 2009</a>, pp. 54–59. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parksandgardens.org/people/adrian-duval">"Adrian Duval"</a>. Parks & Gardens. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416005024/https://www.parksandgardens.org/people/adrian-duval">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adrian+Duval&rft.pub=Parks+%26+Gardens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parksandgardens.org%2Fpeople%2Fadrian-duval&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parksandgardens.org/places/powis-castle-1">"Powis Castle"</a>. Parks & Gardens. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416032420/https://www.parksandgardens.org/places/powis-castle-1">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Powis+Castle&rft.pub=Parks+%26+Gardens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parksandgardens.org%2Fplaces%2Fpowis-castle-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orapweb.rcahms.gov.uk/coflein//C/CPG349.pdf">"Powis Castle"</a> (PDF). RCAHMW. Retrieved 3 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Powis+Castle&rft.pub=RCAHMW&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forapweb.rcahms.gov.uk%2Fcoflein%2F%2FC%2FCPG349.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCadwPGW(Po)35(POW)" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/parkgarden/FullReport?lang=en&id=349">"Powis Castle (PGW(Po)35(POW))"</a>. National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 6 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Powis+Castle+%28PGW%28Po%2935%28POW%29%29&rft.au=Cadw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Fparkgarden%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELacey19925-126"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELacey19925_126-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLacey1992">Lacey 1992</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicolson1968178-127"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicolson1968178_127-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNicolson1968">Nicolson 1968</a>, p. 178. </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parksandgardens.org/places/powis-castle">"Powis Castles Terraces"</a>. Parks & Gardens UK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224209/https://www.parksandgardens.org/places/powis-castle">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Powis+Castles+Terraces&rft.pub=Parks+%26+Gardens+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parksandgardens.org%2Fplaces%2Fpowis-castle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELacey199213-129"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELacey199213_129-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLacey1992">Lacey 1992</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELacey199215-130"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELacey199215_130-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLacey1992">Lacey 1992</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELacey199219-131"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELacey199219_131-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLacey1992">Lacey 1992</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELacey19927-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELacey19927_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLacey1992">Lacey 1992</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorris2018" class="citation web cs1">Morris, Non (29 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.countrylife.co.uk/gardens/country-gardens-and-gardening-tips/powis-castle-exemplary-inspirational-uplifting-garden-full-fit-21st-century-185348">"Powis Castle: An exemplary, inspirational and uplifting garden full fit for the 21st century"</a>. Country Life. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413202208/https://www.countrylife.co.uk/gardens/country-gardens-and-gardening-tips/powis-castle-exemplary-inspirational-uplifting-garden-full-fit-21st-century-185348">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Powis+Castle%3A+An+exemplary%2C+inspirational+and+uplifting+garden+full+fit+for+the+21st+century&rft.pub=Country+Life&rft.date=2018-09-29&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Non&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.countrylife.co.uk%2Fgardens%2Fcountry-gardens-and-gardening-tips%2Fpowis-castle-exemplary-inspirational-uplifting-garden-full-fit-21st-century-185348&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELacey199223-134"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELacey199223_134-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLacey1992">Lacey 1992</a>, p. 23. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArnold1993" class="citation journal cs1">Arnold, Christopher J. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.library.wales/view/1264487/1270928/100">"Powis Castle: The Development of the Structure"</a>. Montgomeryshire Collections. 81: 97–110. Retrieved 9 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Montgomeryshire+Collections&rft.atitle=Powis+Castle%3A+The+Development+of+the+Structure&rft.volume=81&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E97-%3C%2Fspan%3E110&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Christopher+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.library.wales%2Fview%2F1264487%2F1270928%2F100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAslet2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clive_Aslet" title="Clive Aslet">Aslet, Clive</a> (2013). An Exuberant Catalogue of Dreams. London: <a href="/wiki/The_Quarto_Group" title="The Quarto Group">Aurum Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781781310946" title="Special:BookSources/9781781310946"><bdi>9781781310946</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Exuberant+Catalogue+of+Dreams&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Aurum+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781781310946&rft.aulast=Aslet&rft.aufirst=Clive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAttlee2009" class="citation book cs1">Attlee, Helena (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R-JFvgAACAAJ&q=the+gardens+of+wales">The Gardens of Wales</a>. London: Frances Lincoln. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-711-22882-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-711-22882-5"><bdi>978-0-711-22882-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gardens+of+Wales&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Frances+Lincoln&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-711-22882-5&rft.aulast=Attlee&rft.aufirst=Helena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR-JFvgAACAAJ%26q%3Dthe%2Bgardens%2Bof%2Bwales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavis2007" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Paul R. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1118347422">Castles of the Welsh Princes</a> (2nd ed.). Talybont: Y Lolfa. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-862-43970-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-862-43970-5"><bdi>978-0-862-43970-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1118347422">1118347422</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Castles+of+the+Welsh+Princes&rft.place=Talybont&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Y+Lolfa&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1118347422&rft.isbn=978-0-862-43970-5&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Paul+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1118347422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavis2021" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Paul R. 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Swindon, UK: <a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/500125657">500125657</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Powis+Castle&rft.place=Swindon%2C+UK&rft.pub=National+Trust&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F500125657&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F500125657&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreeves2008" class="citation book cs1">Greeves, Lydia (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LuD3gfEDiSYC&q=Houses+of+the+National+Trust">Houses of the National Trust</a>. London, UK: <a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905-40066-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905-40066-9"><bdi>978-1-905-40066-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Houses+of+the+National+Trust&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=National+Trust&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-905-40066-9&rft.aulast=Greeves&rft.aufirst=Lydia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLuD3gfEDiSYC%26q%3DHouses%2Bof%2Bthe%2BNational%2BTrust&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHall2014" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Michael (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/983761471">George Frederick Bodley and the later Gothic Revival in Britain and America</a>. 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Swindon, UK: <a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-843-59410-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-843-59410-9"><bdi>978-1-843-59410-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1118012098">1118012098</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Powis+Castle&rft.place=Swindon%2C+UK&rft.pub=National+Trust&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1118012098&rft.isbn=978-1-843-59410-9&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1118012098&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Jenkins" title="Simon Jenkins">Jenkins, Simon</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NFk3AQAAIAAJ&q=editions:ISBN0141024127">Wales: Churches, Houses, Castles</a>. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-713-99893-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-713-99893-1"><bdi>978-0-713-99893-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wales%3A+Churches%2C+Houses%2C+Castles&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-713-99893-1&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNFk3AQAAIAAJ%26q%3Deditions%3AISBN0141024127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKenyon2010" class="citation book cs1">Kenyon, John R. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/693942235">The Medieval Castles of Wales</a>. Cardiff: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales_Press" title="University of Wales Press">University of Wales Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-708-32363-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-708-32363-2"><bdi>978-0-708-32363-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/693942235">693942235</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Medieval+Castles+of+Wales&rft.place=Cardiff&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F693942235&rft.isbn=978-0-708-32363-2&rft.aulast=Kenyon&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F693942235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLacey1992" class="citation book cs1">Lacey, Stephen (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/224063243">Powis Castle Gardens</a>. Swindon, UK: National Trust. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-843-59121-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-843-59121-4"><bdi>978-1-843-59121-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/224063243">224063243</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Powis+Castle+Gardens&rft.place=Swindon%2C+UK&rft.pub=National+Trust&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F224063243&rft.isbn=978-1-843-59121-4&rft.aulast=Lacey&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F224063243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLaing1995" class="citation book cs1">Laing, Alastair (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/610890491">In Trust for the Nation: Paintings from National Trust Houses</a>. Swindon, UK: National Trust. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-707-80260-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-707-80260-2"><bdi>978-0-707-80260-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/610890491">610890491</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Trust+for+the+Nation%3A+Paintings+from+National+Trust+Houses&rft.place=Swindon%2C+UK&rft.pub=National+Trust&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F610890491&rft.isbn=978-0-707-80260-2&rft.aulast=Laing&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F610890491&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMontgomery-Massingberd1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Montgomery-Massingberd" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd">Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/31662164">Great Houses of England and Wales</a>. London: Lawrence King Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-780-67232-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-780-67232-8"><bdi>978-1-780-67232-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31662164">31662164</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Houses+of+England+and+Wales&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Lawrence+King+Publishing&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F31662164&rft.isbn=978-1-780-67232-8&rft.aulast=Montgomery-Massingberd&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F31662164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2008" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, Gerald (2008). 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New Haven and London: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18508-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18508-9"><bdi>978-0-300-18508-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/935421607">935421607</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Powys%3A+Montgomeryshire%2C+Radnorshire+and+Breconshire&rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&rft.series=The+Buildings+of+Wales&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F935421607&rft.isbn=978-0-300-18508-9&rft.aulast=Scourfield&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Richard%2C+Haslam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F935421607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpurgeon1966" class="citation journal cs1">Spurgeon, C.J. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.library.wales/view/1264487/1267131/6">"The castles of Montgomeryshire"</a>. Montgomeryshire Collections. 59: 1–59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Montgomeryshire+Collections&rft.atitle=The+castles+of+Montgomeryshire&rft.volume=59&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E59&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Spurgeon&rft.aufirst=C.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.library.wales%2Fview%2F1264487%2F1267131%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStephenson2007" class="citation journal cs1">Stephenson, David (2007). "Powis Castle: A Reappraisal of its Medieval Development". Montgomeryshire Collections. 95: 9–21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Montgomeryshire+Collections&rft.atitle=Powis+Castle%3A+A+Reappraisal+of+its+Medieval+Development&rft.volume=95&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E9-%3C%2Fspan%3E21&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Stephenson&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWattsLithgowSandham2020" class="citation journal cs1">Watts, Siobhan; Lithgow, Richard; Sandham, Gareth (2020). "Structural Investigations of a Seventeenth-Century Staircase and Wall Paintings at Powis Castle, Wales". APT Bulletin: The Journal of Preservation Technology. 51 (4): 13–18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=APT+Bulletin%3A+The+Journal+of+Preservation+Technology&rft.atitle=Structural+Investigations+of+a+Seventeenth-Century+Staircase+and+Wall+Paintings+at+Powis+Castle%2C+Wales&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E13-%3C%2Fspan%3E18&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=Siobhan&rft.au=Lithgow%2C+Richard&rft.au=Sandham%2C+Gareth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhittle1992" class="citation book cs1">Whittle, Elisabeth (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicgardenso0000whit">The Historic Gardens of Wales</a>. Cardiff: <a href="/wiki/CADW" class="mw-redirect" title="CADW">CADW</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-117-01578-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-117-01578-4"><bdi>978-0-117-01578-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historic+Gardens+of+Wales&rft.place=Cardiff&rft.pub=CADW&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-117-01578-4&rft.aulast=Whittle&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricgardenso0000whit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APowis+Castle" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Powis_Castle&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Powis_Castle" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Powis Castle">Powis Castle</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/powis-castle-and-garden">Powis Castle & Garden information at the National Trust</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nt.global.ssl.fastly.net/documents/a-guide-to-the-pictures-at-powis-castle.pdf">A Guide to the Pictures at Powis Castle</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210525110311/https://nt.global.ssl.fastly.net/documents/a-guide-to-the-pictures-at-powis-castle.pdf">Archived</a> 25 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.castlewales.com/powis.html">Castle Wales: Powis Castle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geograph.org.uk/search.php?i=2767819">Geograph photos of Powis Castle</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Powys365" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Powys" title="Template:Powys"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Powys" title="Template talk:Powys"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Powys" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Powys"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Powys365" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Powys" title="Powys">Powys</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brecon" title="Brecon">Brecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Builth_Wells" title="Builth Wells">Builth Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crickhowell" title="Crickhowell">Crickhowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hay-on-Wye" title="Hay-on-Wye">Hay-on-Wye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knighton,_Powys" title="Knighton, Powys">Knighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandrindod_Wells" title="Llandrindod Wells">Llandrindod Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanfair_Caereinion" title="Llanfair Caereinion">Llanfair Caereinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanfyllin" title="Llanfyllin">Llanfyllin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanidloes" title="Llanidloes">Llanidloes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanwrtyd_Wells" title="Llanwrtyd Wells">Llanwrtyd Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machynlleth" title="Machynlleth">Machynlleth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Powys" title="Montgomery, Powys">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtown,_Powys" title="Newtown, Powys">Newtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presteigne" title="Presteigne">Presteigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhayader" title="Rhayader">Rhayader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talgarth" title="Talgarth">Talgarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welshpool" title="Welshpool">Welshpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ystradgynlais" title="Ystradgynlais">Ystradgynlais</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Wales_Powys_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Wales_Powys_locator_map.svg/150px-Wales_Powys_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Wales_Powys_locator_map.svg/225px-Wales_Powys_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Wales_Powys_locator_map.svg/300px-Wales_Powys_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1047" data-file-height="1251" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Cwmhir" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey Cwmhir">Abbey Cwmhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aberedw" title="Aberedw">Aberedw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aberhafesp" title="Aberhafesp">Aberhafesp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abermule_with_Llandyssil" title="Abermule with Llandyssil">Abermule with Llandyssil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banwy" title="Banwy">Banwy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bausley_with_Criggion" title="Bausley with Criggion">Bausley with Criggion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beguildy" title="Beguildy">Beguildy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berriew" title="Berriew">Berriew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettws_Cedewain" title="Bettws Cedewain">Bettws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brecon" title="Brecon">Brecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronllys" title="Bronllys">Bronllys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Builth" class="mw-redirect" title="Builth">Builth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadfarch" title="Cadfarch">Cadfarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caersws" title="Caersws">Caersws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carno" title="Carno">Carno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carreghofa" title="Carreghofa">Carreghofa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Caereinion" title="Castle Caereinion">Castle Caereinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Stoke" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Stoke">Churchstoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilmery" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilmery">Cilmery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyro" title="Clyro">Clyro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cray,_Powys" class="mw-redirect" title="Cray, Powys">Cray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crickhowell" title="Crickhowell">Crickhowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cwmdu_and_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Cwmdu and District">Cwmdu and District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disserth_and_Trecoed" title="Disserth and Trecoed">Disserth and Trecoed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duhonw" title="Duhonw">Duhonw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwyriw" title="Dwyriw">Dwyriw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwood" title="Erwood">Erwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felin-fach" title="Felin-fach">Felin-fach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forden_with_Leighton_and_Trelystan" class="mw-redirect" title="Forden with Leighton and Trelystan">Forden with Leighton and Trelystan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladestry" title="Gladestry">Gladestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glantwymyn" title="Glantwymyn">Glantwymyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasbury" title="Glasbury">Glasbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glascwm" title="Glascwm">Glascwm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyn_Tarell" title="Glyn Tarell">Glyn Tarell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilsfield" title="Guilsfield">Guilsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwernyfed" title="Gwernyfed">Gwernyfed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hay-on-Wye" title="Hay-on-Wye">Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honddu_Isaf" title="Honddu Isaf">Honddu Isaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry,_Powys" title="Kerry, Powys">Kerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knighton,_Powys" title="Knighton, Powys">Knighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanafan_Fawr" title="Llanafan Fawr">Llanafan Fawr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanbadarn_Fawr,_Powys" title="Llanbadarn Fawr, Powys">Llanbadarn Fawr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanbadarn_Fynydd" title="Llanbadarn Fynydd">Llanbadarn Fynydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanbister" title="Llanbister">Llanbister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanbrynmair" title="Llanbrynmair">Llanbrynmair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanddew" title="Llanddew">Llanddew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanddewi_Ystradenny" class="mw-redirect" title="Llanddewi Ystradenny">Llanddewi Ystradenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandinam" title="Llandinam">Llandinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandrindod_Wells" title="Llandrindod Wells">Llandrindod Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandrinio" title="Llandrinio">Llandrinio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandysilio" title="Llandysilio">Llandysilio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanelwedd" title="Llanelwedd">Llanelwedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanerfyl" title="Llanerfyl">Llanerfyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanfair_Caereinion" title="Llanfair Caereinion">Llanfair Caereinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanfechain" title="Llanfechain">Llanfechain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanfihangel-yng-Ngwynfa" title="Llanfihangel-yng-Ngwynfa">Llanfihangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanfihangel_Rhydithon" title="Llanfihangel Rhydithon">Llanfihangel Rhydithon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanfrynach" title="Llanfrynach">Llanfrynach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanfyllin" title="Llanfyllin">Llanfyllin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangamarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Llangamarch">Llangamarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangattock" class="mw-redirect" title="Llangattock">Llangattock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangedwyn" title="Llangedwyn">Llangedwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangors" title="Llangors">Llangors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangunllo" title="Llangunllo">Llangunllo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangurig" title="Llangurig">Llangurig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangynidr" title="Llangynidr">Llangynidr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangyniew" class="mw-redirect" title="Llangyniew">Llangyniew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangynog" title="Llangynog">Llangynog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanidloes" title="Llanidloes">Llanidloes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanidloes_Without" title="Llanidloes Without">Llanidloes Without</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanigon" title="Llanigon">Llanigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant" title="Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant">Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llansanffraid-ym-Mechain" class="mw-redirect" title="Llansanffraid-ym-Mechain">Llansantffraid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llansilin" title="Llansilin">Llansilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanwddyn" title="Llanwddyn">Llanwddyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanwrthwl" title="Llanwrthwl">Llanwrthwl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanwrtyd_Wells" title="Llanwrtyd Wells">Llanwrtyd Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanyre" title="Llanyre">Llanyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llywel" title="Llywel">Llywel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machynlleth" title="Machynlleth">Machynlleth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maescar" title="Maescar">Maescar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manafon" title="Manafon">Manafon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meifod" title="Meifod">Meifod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merthyr_Cynog" title="Merthyr Cynog">Merthyr Cynog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochdre_with_Penstrowed" title="Mochdre with Penstrowed">Mochdre with Penstrowed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Powys" title="Montgomery, Powys">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantmel" title="Nantmel">Nantmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Radnor" title="New Radnor">New Radnor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtown_and_Llanllwchaiarn" title="Newtown and Llanllwchaiarn">Newtown and Llanllwchaiarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Radnor" title="Old Radnor">Old Radnor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painscastle" title="Painscastle">Painscastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen-y-Bont-Fawr" title="Pen-y-Bont-Fawr">Pen-y-bont-fawr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penybont" title="Penybont">Penybont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presteigne" title="Presteigne">Presteigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhayader" title="Rhayader">Rhayader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Harmon" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Harmon">St Harmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talgarth" title="Talgarth">Talgarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talybont-on-Usk" title="Talybont-on-Usk">Talybont-on-Usk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawe-Uchaf" title="Tawe-Uchaf">Tawe-Uchaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trallong" title="Trallong">Trallong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trefeglwys" title="Trefeglwys">Trefeglwys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treflys" title="Treflys">Treflys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tregynon" title="Tregynon">Tregynon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trewern" title="Trewern">Trewern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale_of_Grwyney" title="Vale of Grwyney">Vale of Grwyney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welshpool" title="Welshpool">Welshpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitton,_Powys" title="Whitton, Powys">Whitton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yscir" title="Yscir">Yscir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ystradfellte" title="Ystradfellte">Ystradfellte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ystradgynlais" title="Ystradgynlais">Ystradgynlais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns and villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbeycwmhir" title="Abbeycwmhir">Abbeycwmhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aber_Clydach" class="mw-redirect" title="Aber Clydach">Aber Clydach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aberbechan" title="Aberbechan">Aberbechan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aberbran" class="mw-redirect" title="Aberbran">Aberbran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abercegir" title="Abercegir">Abercegir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abercraf" title="Abercraf">Abercraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abercynllaith" title="Abercynllaith">Abercynllaith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aberedw" title="Aberedw">Aberedw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abergwesyn" title="Abergwesyn">Abergwesyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abergwydol" title="Abergwydol">Abergwydol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aberhafesp" title="Aberhafesp">Aberhafesp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aberhosan" title="Aberhosan">Aberhosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abermule" title="Abermule">Abermule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abernant,_Powys" title="Abernant, Powys">Abernant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abertridwr,_Powys" title="Abertridwr, Powys">Abertridwr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aberyscir" title="Aberyscir">Aberyscir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adfa,_Powys" title="Adfa, Powys">Adfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aithnen" title="Aithnen">Aithnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arddlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Arddlin">Arddlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacheldre" title="Bacheldre">Bacheldre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beguildy" title="Beguildy">Beguildy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berriew" title="Berriew">Berriew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettws_Cedewain" title="Bettws Cedewain">Bettws Cedewain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beulah,_Powys" title="Beulah, Powys">Beulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bont_Dolgadfan" title="Bont Dolgadfan">Bont Dolgadfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boughrood" title="Boughrood">Boughrood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronllys" title="Bronllys">Bronllys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Builth_Wells" title="Builth Wells">Builth Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgedin" title="Burgedin">Burgedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttington" title="Buttington">Buttington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bwlch" title="Bwlch">Bwlch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caehopkin" title="Caehopkin">Caehopkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caersws" title="Caersws">Caersws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capel-y-ffin" title="Capel-y-ffin">Capel-y-ffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carno" title="Carno">Carno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedine" title="Cathedine">Cathedine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cefnllys" title="Cefnllys">Cefnllys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemmaes_Road" title="Cemmaes Road">Cemmaes Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Stoke" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Stoke">Church Stoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilmery" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilmery">Cilmery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clatter,_Powys" title="Clatter, Powys">Clatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyro" title="Clyro">Clyro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren,_Powys" title="Coelbren, Powys">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commins_Coch" title="Commins Coch">Commins Coch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crickhowell" title="Crickhowell">Crickhowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criggion" title="Criggion">Criggion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossgates,_Powys" title="Crossgates, Powys">Crossgates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cwmdauddwr" title="Cwmdauddwr">Cwmdauddwr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cwmdu,_Powys" title="Cwmdu, Powys">Cwmdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cwmtwrch" title="Cwmtwrch">Cwmtwrch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cwmwysg" title="Cwmwysg">Cwmwysg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cwrt-y-Gollen" title="Cwrt-y-Gollen">Cwrt-y-Gollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derwenlas" title="Derwenlas">Derwenlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolanog" title="Dolanog">Dolanog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolfach" title="Dolfach">Dolfach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolyhir" title="Dolyhir">Dolyhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dylife" title="Dylife">Dylife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwood" title="Erwood">Erwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esgairgeiliog" title="Esgairgeiliog">Esgairgeiliog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felindre,_Powys" title="Felindre, Powys">Felindre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forge,_Powys" title="Forge, Powys">Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Crosses,_Llandysilio" title="Four Crosses, Llandysilio">Four Crosses, Montgomeryshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladestry" title="Gladestry">Gladestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasbury" title="Glasbury">Glasbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hay-on-Wye" title="Hay-on-Wye">Hay-on-Wye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartsease,_Knighton" title="Heartsease, Knighton">Heartsease (Knighton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartsease,_Llanddewi_Ystradenni" title="Heartsease, Llanddewi Ystradenni">Heartsease (Llanddewi Ystradenni)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heol_Senni" title="Heol Senni">Heol Senni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry,_Powys" title="Kerry, Powys">Kerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knucklas" title="Knucklas">Knucklas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libanus,_Powys" title="Libanus, Powys">Libanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llan,_Powys" title="Llan, Powys">Llan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanafan_Fawr" title="Llanafan Fawr">Llanafan Fawr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanbrynmair" title="Llanbrynmair">Llanbrynmair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanddew" title="Llanddew">Llanddew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandinam" title="Llandinam">Llandinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandrinio" title="Llandrinio">Llandrinio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandysilio" title="Llandysilio">Llandysilio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanelwedd" title="Llanelwedd">Llanelwedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanfair_Caereinion" title="Llanfair Caereinion">Llanfair Caereinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanfechain" title="Llanfechain">Llanfechain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanfihangel_Nant_Bran" class="mw-redirect" title="Llanfihangel Nant Bran">Llanfihangel Nant Bran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanfihangel_Talyllyn" title="Llanfihangel Talyllyn">Llanfihangel Talyllyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanfyllin" title="Llanfyllin">Llanfyllin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangadfan" title="Llangadfan">Llangadfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangammarch_Wells" title="Llangammarch Wells">Llangammarch Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangedwyn" title="Llangedwyn">Llangedwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangors" title="Llangors">Llangors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangurig" title="Llangurig">Llangurig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangynidr" title="Llangynidr">Llangynidr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangynog" title="Llangynog">Llangynog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangynyw" title="Llangynyw">Llangynyw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanllwchaiarn" title="Llanllwchaiarn">Llanllwchaiarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant" title="Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant">Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llansantffraed" title="Llansantffraed">Llansantffraed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llansanffraid-ym-Mechain" class="mw-redirect" title="Llansanffraid-ym-Mechain">Llansanffraid-ym-Mechain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llansilin" title="Llansilin">Llansilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanwchaiarn" class="mw-redirect" title="Llanwchaiarn">Llanwchaiarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanwrin" title="Llanwrin">Llanwrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanwrthwl" title="Llanwrthwl">Llanwrthwl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanwrtyd_Wells" title="Llanwrtyd Wells">Llanwrtyd Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanwrtyd" title="Llanwrtyd">Llanwrtyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanymynech" title="Llanymynech">Llanymynech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanyre" title="Llanyre">Llanyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llawryglyn" title="Llawryglyn">Llawryglyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llyswen" title="Llyswen">Llyswen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llywel" title="Llywel">Llywel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meifod" title="Meifod">Meifod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milebrook" title="Milebrook">Milebrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morben" title="Morben">Morben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nant_Glas" title="Nant Glas">Nant Glas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Radnor" title="New Radnor">New Radnor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newbridge-on-Wye" title="Newbridge-on-Wye">Newbridge-on-Wye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newchurch,_Powys" title="Newchurch, Powys">Newchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Stoke" title="Old Church Stoke">Old Church Stoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painscastle" title="Painscastle">Painscastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandy,_Powys" title="Pandy, Powys">Pandy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pant-y-Dwr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pant-y-Dwr (page does not exist)">Pant-y-Dwr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partrishow" title="Partrishow">Partrishow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penegoes" title="Penegoes">Penegoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennant,_Powys" title="Pennant, Powys">Pennant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penwyllt" title="Penwyllt">Penwyllt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penybont" title="Penybont">Penybont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilleth" title="Pilleth">Pilleth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plas_Esgair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plas Esgair (page does not exist)">Plas Esgair</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pont_Crugnant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pont Crugnant (page does not exist)">Pont Crugnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontdolgoch" title="Pontdolgoch">Pontdolgoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontrobert" title="Pontrobert">Pontrobert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarn,_Powys" title="Sarn, Powys">Sarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sennybridge" title="Sennybridge">Sennybridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soar,_Powys" title="Soar, Powys">Soar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Harmon" title="St Harmon">St Harmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staylittle" title="Staylittle">Staylittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sycharth" title="Sycharth">Sycharth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talerddig" title="Talerddig">Talerddig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talgarth" title="Talgarth">Talgarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talybont-on-Usk" title="Talybont-on-Usk">Talybont-on-Usk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Cocks" title="Three Cocks">Three Cocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirabad" title="Tirabad">Tirabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trecastle" title="Trecastle">Trecastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trefeglwys" title="Trefeglwys">Trefeglwys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tregynon" title="Tregynon">Tregynon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trewern" title="Trewern">Trewern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tylwch" title="Tylwch">Tylwch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van,_Llanidloes" title="Van, Llanidloes">Van, Llanidloes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ystradfellte" title="Ystradfellte">Ystradfellte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Castles_in_Powys" title="Category:Castles in Powys">Castles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberysgir_Castle" title="Aberysgir Castle">Aberysgir Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aberedw_Castle" title="Aberedw Castle">Aberedw Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castell_Dinas" title="Castell Dinas">Castell Dinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castell_Du" title="Castell Du">Castell Du</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cefnllys_Castle" title="Cefnllys Castle">Cefnllys Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colwyn_Castle" title="Colwyn Castle">Colwyn Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolforwyn_Castle" title="Dolforwyn Castle">Dolforwyn Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangoed_Hall" title="Llangoed Hall">Llangoed Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caersws_Roman_Forts" title="Caersws Roman Forts">Mediomanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Castle" title="Montgomery Castle">Montgomery Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painscastle" title="Painscastle">Painscastle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Powis Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tretower_Castle" title="Tretower Castle">Tretower Castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reservoirs and lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beacons_Reservoir" title="Beacons Reservoir">Beacons Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantref_Reservoir" title="Cantref Reservoir">Cantref Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clywedog_Reservoir" title="Clywedog Reservoir">Clywedog Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elan_Valley_Reservoirs" title="Elan Valley Reservoirs">Elan Valley Reservoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangorse_Lake" title="Llangorse Lake">Llangorse Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Vyrnwy" title="Lake Vyrnwy">Lake Vyrnwy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talybont_Reservoir" title="Talybont Reservoir">Talybont Reservoir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parliamentary_constituencies_in_Powys" title="List of parliamentary constituencies in Powys">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_electoral_wards_in_Powys" title="List of electoral wards in Powys">Electoral wards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Powys" title="List of places in Powys">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Powys" title="List of schools in Powys">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Powys" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Powys">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Powys" title="Scheduled monuments in Powys">Scheduled Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_Powys" title="Category:Country houses in Powys">Country houses</a></li> <li>Listed buildings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Powys" title="Grade I listed buildings in Powys">Grade I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Powys" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Powys">Grade II*</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registered_historic_parks_and_gardens_in_Powys" title="Registered historic parks and gardens in Powys">Registered parks and gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Powys" title="Lord Lieutenant of Powys">Lord Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Powys" title="High Sheriff of Powys">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_in_Powys" title="Category:Museums in Powys">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Powys" title="List of public art in Powys">Public art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/16px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/24px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/32px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/16px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/24px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/32px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Wales" title="Portal:Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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