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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cs.wikipedia.org&uselang=cs" class=""><span>Podpořte Wikipedii</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Vytvo%C5%99it_%C3%BA%C4%8Det&returnto=%C5%BDivce" title="Doporučujeme vytvořit si účet a přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné" class=""><span>Vytvoření účtu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Přihlášení</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pro odhlášené editory <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Více informací o editování"><span>dozvědět se více</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_p%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky" title="Seznam editací provedených z této IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Příspěvky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_diskuse" title="Diskuse o editacích provedených z této IP adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Vznik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vznik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Vznik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vznik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Název" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Název"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Název</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Název-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Systematika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systematika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Systematika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Systematika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Systematika</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Systematika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Draselné_živce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Draselné_živce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Draselné živce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Draselné_živce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plagioklasy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plagioklasy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Plagioklasy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plagioklasy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Využití" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Využití"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Využití</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Využití-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Živce</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 71 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veldspaat" title="Veldspaat – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Veldspaat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat – němčina (Švýcarsko)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Feldspat" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="němčina (Švýcarsko)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldespato" title="Feldespato – aragonština" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Feldespato" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="فلسبار – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلسبار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldespatu" title="Feldespatu – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Feldespatu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C3%B6l_%C5%9Fpatlar%C4%B1" title="Çöl şpatları – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çöl şpatları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%80_%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Ҡыр шпаты – baškirština" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡыр шпаты" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Фелдшпат – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фелдшпат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="फेल्सपार – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="फेल्सपार" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ফেল্ডস্পার – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফেল্ডস্পার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Feldspat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldespat" title="Feldespat – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Feldespat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffelsbar" title="Ffelsbar – velština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffelsbar" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Feldspat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Feldspat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Άστριοι – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άστριοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspar" title="Feldspar – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Feldspar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspato" title="Feldspato – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Feldspato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldespato" title="Feldespato – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Feldespato" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4evakivi" title="Päevakivi – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Päevakivi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldespato" title="Feldespato – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Feldespato" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فلدسپات – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلدسپات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maas%C3%A4lp%C3%A4" title="Maasälpä – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maasälpä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspath" title="Feldspath – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Feldspath" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspaat" title="Feldspaat – fríština (severní)" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Feldspaat" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="fríština (severní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iathchloch" title="Iathchloch – irština" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iathchloch" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldespato" title="Feldespato – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Feldespato" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%94" title="פצלת השדה – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פצלת השדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="फेल्सपार – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फेल्सपार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Feldspat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6ldp%C3%A1tok" title="Földpátok – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Földpátok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Դաշտային սպաթներ – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դաշտային սպաթներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felspar" title="Felspar – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Felspar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat – islandština" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Feldspat" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspato" title="Feldspato – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Feldspato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E7%9F%B3" title="長石 – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="長石" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მინდვრის შპატები – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მინდვრის შპატები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Дала шпаттары – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дала шпаттары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EC%84%9D" title="장석 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="장석" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spathum" title="Spathum – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Spathum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veldsjpaat" title="Veldsjpaat – limburština" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Veldsjpaat" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauko_%C5%A1patas" title="Lauko špatas – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lauko špatas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauk%C5%A1pats" title="Laukšpats – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Laukšpats" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspata" title="Feldspata – malgaština" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Feldspata" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspar" title="Feldspar – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Feldspar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ကြွေကျောက် – barmština" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြွေကျောက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="barmština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veldspaat" title="Veldspaat – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Veldspaat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feltspat" title="Feltspat – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Feltspat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feltspat" title="Feltspat – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Feltspat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat – okcitánština" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Feldspat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skalenie" title="Skalenie – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skalenie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%90%D9%84%DA%89%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="فېلډسپار – paštština" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فېلډسپار" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspato" title="Feldspato – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Feldspato" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Feldspat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Полевые шпаты – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Полевые шпаты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Feldspat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspar" title="Feldspar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Feldspar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skupina_%C5%BEivca" title="Skupina živca – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Skupina živca" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glinenec" title="Glinenec – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Glinenec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Фелдспат – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фелдспат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A4ltspat" title="Fältspat – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fältspat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="பெல்ட்ஸ்பார் – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெல்ட்ஸ்பார்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เฟลด์สปาร์ – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฟลด์สปาร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Feldspat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Польові шпати – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Польові шпати" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dala_shpatlari" title="Dala shpatlari – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dala shpatlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felspat" title="Felspat – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Felspat" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E7%9F%B3" title="长石 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="长石" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E7%9F%B3" title="长石 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="长石" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tn%CC%82g-chio%CC%8Dh" title="Tn̂g-chio̍h – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tn̂g-chio̍h" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E7%9F%B3" title="長石 – kantonština" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="長石" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170258#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivce" title="Zobrazit 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><div class="uvodni-upozorneni hatnote noprint">Možná hledáte: slovinského fotbalistu narozeného roku <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>, viz <a href="/wiki/Sa%C5%A1a_%C5%BDivec" title="Saša Živec">Saša Živec</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:PotassiumFeldsparUSGOV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/PotassiumFeldsparUSGOV.jpg/300px-PotassiumFeldsparUSGOV.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/PotassiumFeldsparUSGOV.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="307" /></a><figcaption>Draselný živec</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Živce</b> jsou skupinou horninotvorných <a href="/wiki/Miner%C3%A1l" title="Minerál">minerálů</a> z oddělení <a href="/wiki/Tektosilik%C3%A1ty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tektosilikáty">tektosilikátů</a>. Tvoří až 60 % <a href="/wiki/Zemsk%C3%A1_k%C5%AFra" title="Zemská kůra">zemské kůry</a>. Živce se dělí podle chemického složení na<sup id="cite_ref-Rost_R._1992_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rost_R._1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sod%C3%ADk" title="Sodík">sodno</a>-<a href="/wiki/Drasl%C3%ADk" title="Draslík">draselné</a> živce čili alkalické živce,</li> <li>sodno-<a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1pn%C3%ADk" title="Vápník">vápenaté</a> živce čili <a href="/wiki/Plagioklas" title="Plagioklas">plagioklasy</a>,</li> <li>draselno-<a href="/wiki/Baryum" title="Baryum">barnaté</a> živce.</li></ul> <p>Na minerály uvedených řad se nahlíží jako na tuhé roztoky <a href="/wiki/Draseln%C3%BD_%C5%BEivec" title="Draselný živec">draselného živce</a> (K-živce, KAlSi<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Albit" title="Albit">albitu</a> (Na-živce, NaAlSi<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>) a <a href="/wiki/Anortit" title="Anortit">anortitu</a> (Ca-živce, CaAl<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>). Tuhé roztoky draselného živce a albitu jsou nazývány sodno-draselnými živci (čili alkalickými živci), roztoky mezi albitem a anortitem jsou nazývány sodno-vápenatými živci (čili plagioklasy). Draselný živec se s anortitem mísí jen omezeně, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezera_m%C3%ADsitelnosti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mezera mísitelnosti (stránka neexistuje)">mezera mísitelnosti</a> je v celém rozmezí teplot obvyklých v prostředí zemské kůry. Minerály z řady draselno-barnatých živců se v přírodě vyskytují poměrně vzácně. </p><p>Autorem českého a slovenského názvu živce je <a href="/wiki/Jan_Svatopluk_Presl" title="Jan Svatopluk Presl">Jan Svatopluk Presl</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vznik">Vznik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivce&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Vznik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivce&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Vznik"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Bowen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bowen.jpg/300px-Bowen.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bowen.jpg/450px-Bowen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Bowen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bowenovo_reak%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_sch%C3%A9ma" title="Bowenovo reakční schéma">Bowenovo reakční schéma</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Feldspar_group.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Feldspar_group.svg/300px-Feldspar_group.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Feldspar_group.svg/450px-Feldspar_group.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Feldspar_group.svg/600px-Feldspar_group.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="588" /></a><figcaption>Ternární fázový diagram živců (při 900 °C)</figcaption></figure> <p>Živce krystalizují z <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">magmatu</a> a jsou součástí jak intruzivních tak extruzivních <a href="/wiki/Hornina" title="Hornina">hornin</a>, jsou přítomny v mnoha <a href="/wiki/Metamorfovan%C3%A1_hornina" title="Metamorfovaná hornina">metamorfovaných horninách</a>. Vyskytují se jako kompaktní minerály či jako nerostné žíly. Živce jsou alumosilikáty (hlinitokřemičitany), jejich strukturu tvoří tetraedry SiO<sub>4</sub> a AlO<sub>4</sub>. Jsou dokonale štěpné ve dvou rovinách, které jsou na sebe kolmé nebo téměř kolmé. Rozpadají se na fylosilikáty. </p><p>V případě, že se v době vzniku v tavenině nachází málo SiO<sub>2</sub>, tak dochází ke vzniku <a href="/wiki/Foidy" title="Foidy">foidů</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Název"><span id="N.C3.A1zev"></span>Název</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivce&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Název" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivce&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Název"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Slovo <b>živec</b> zavedl do češtiny a potažmo slovenštiny <a href="/wiki/Jan_Svatopluk_Presl" title="Jan Svatopluk Presl">Presl</a> – veden nejspíše skutečností, že živce při svém rozpadu uvolňují do půdy <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivina" title="Živina">živiny</a>. Anglický a ruský název (anglicky <i>feldspar</i>, rusky <i>polevoj špat</i>) je odvozen z německého <i>Feld + Spat</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">polní</a> + <a href="/wiki/Hlu%C5%A1ina" title="Hlušina">hlušina</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematika">Systematika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivce&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Systematika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivce&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Systematika"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Draselné_živce"><span id="Draseln.C3.A9_.C5.BEivce"></span>Draselné živce</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivce&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Draselné živce" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivce&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Draselné živce"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Draseln%C3%BD_%C5%BEivec" title="Draselný živec">Draselný živec</a> vykazuje <a href="/wiki/Polymorfie" title="Polymorfie">polymorfii</a>, takže se vyskytuje ve třech <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krystalick%C3%A1_modifikace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krystalická modifikace (stránka neexistuje)">krystalických modifikacích</a>, a to jako <a href="/wiki/Monoklinick%C3%A1_soustava" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoklinická soustava">monoklinický</a> <a href="/wiki/Sanidin" title="Sanidin">sanidin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triklinick%C3%A1_soustava" class="mw-redirect" title="Triklinická soustava">triklinický</a> <a href="/wiki/Ortoklas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortoklas">ortoklas</a> a rozdílně triklinický <a href="/wiki/Mikroklin" title="Mikroklin">mikroklin</a>. Sanidin je stabilní při nejvyšších teplotách a mikroklin při teplotách nejnižších. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perthit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perthit (stránka neexistuje)">Perthit</a> je typickou <a href="/wiki/Textura_(geologie)" title="Textura (geologie)">texturou</a> sodno-draselných živců. Textura je způsobena <a href="/w/index.php?title=Odm%C3%AD%C5%A1en%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odmíšení (stránka neexistuje)">odmíšením</a> – rozpadem původní hmoty na dvě <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemick%C3%A1_f%C3%A1ze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemická fáze (stránka neexistuje)">fáze</a> odlišného <a href="/wiki/Chemick%C3%A9_slo%C5%BEen%C3%AD" title="Chemické složení">složení</a> – při ochlazování. Perthitové textury v alkalickém živcích mnoha žul jsou natolik hrubé, že jsou viditelné pouhým okem. Podle velikosti odmíšenin se rozlišuje makroperthit, mikroperthit a kryptoperthit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plagioklasy">Plagioklasy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivce&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Plagioklasy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivce&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Plagioklasy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chemické složení plagioklasů (= směsných pevných roztoků albit-anortit) je základem pro jejich třídění na: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albit" title="Albit">albity</a> (0 – 10 % anortitu),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligoklas" title="Oligoklas">oligoklasy</a> (10 – 30 % anortitu),</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andesin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andesin (stránka neexistuje)">andesiny</a> (30 – 50 % anortitu),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labradorit" title="Labradorit">labradority</a> (50 – 70 % anortitu),</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bytownit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bytownit (stránka neexistuje)">bytownity</a> (70 – 90 % anortitu),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anortit" title="Anortit">anortity</a> (90 – 100 % anortitu).</li></ul> <p>U prostředních (nekrajních) složení plagioklasů může dojít k odmíšení na dva živce odlišného složení při ochlazování, avšak <a href="/wiki/Difuze" title="Difuze">difúze</a> v plagioklasech je mnohem pomalejší než v sodno-draselném živci a odmíšená zrna jsou příliš jemná na to, aby se dala rozlišit <a href="/wiki/Optick%C3%BD_mikroskop" class="mw-redirect" title="Optický mikroskop">optickým mikroskopem</a>. Mezery mísitelnosti v plagioklasových tuhých roztocích jsou ve srovnání s mezerou mísitelnosti u sodno-draselných živců komplikovanější. </p><p>Hra barev u některých živců se složením labradoritu je způsobena velmi jemnozrnným <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamel%C3%A1rn%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lamelární (stránka neexistuje)">lamelárním</a> odmíšením. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Využití"><span id="Vyu.C5.BEit.C3.AD"></span>Využití</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivce&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Využití" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivce&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Využití"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Živce jsou surovinou při výrobě <a href="/wiki/Keramika" title="Keramika">keramiky</a> a při výrobě <a href="/wiki/Glazura" title="Glazura">glazur</a>, používají se pro <a href="/wiki/Termoluminiscence" title="Termoluminiscence">termoluminiscenční</a> a optické <a href="/wiki/Chronologie" title="Chronologie">datování</a> v <a href="/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie">geologii</a> a <a href="/wiki/Archeologie" title="Archeologie">archeologii</a>. Významnou úlohu hrají v klasifikaci magmatických i metamorfovaných hornin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivce&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivce&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Rost_R._1992-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rost_R._1992_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rost, R. (1992): Živce. – In: Bernard, J. H.; Rost,  R. a kolektiv: <i>Encyklopedický přehled minerálů.</i> 1. vyd. Academia, Praha, 1992. 704 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/80-200-0360-6" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/80-200-0360-6"><span class="ISBN">80-200-0360-6</span></a></span> </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivce&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDivce&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Feldspar" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Feldspar">živce</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-wiktionary"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="411" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text"><span class="sisterproject_text_prefix">Slovníkové heslo </span><span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C5%BEivec" class="extiw" title="wikt:živec">živec</a></span><span class="sisterproject_text_suffix"> ve Wikislovníku</span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox noprint" title="Živce"><table title="" 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neexistuje)">anortoklas</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Mikroklin" title="Mikroklin">mikroklin</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazonit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amazonit (stránka neexistuje)">amazonit</a>)</div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:%C5%BDivce_sodno-v%C3%A1penat%C3%A9_plagioklasy" title="Kategorie:Živce sodno-vápenaté plagioklasy">sodno-vápenaté</a> (<a href="/wiki/Plagioklas" title="Plagioklas">plagioklasy</a>)</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div> řada <a href="/wiki/Albit" title="Albit">albit</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oligoklas" title="Oligoklas">oligoklas</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andezin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andezin (stránka neexistuje)">andezin</a> – <a href="/wiki/Labradorit" title="Labradorit">labradorit</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bytownit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bytownit (stránka neexistuje)">bytownit</a> – <a 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