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class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Jazzstubartwork.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jazzstubartwork.svg/22px-Jazzstubartwork.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jazzstubartwork.svg/34px-Jazzstubartwork.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jazzstubartwork.svg/45px-Jazzstubartwork.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="57" data-file-height="89" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant le <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>.</strong> </p><p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:22em"> <div class="entete icon musique" style="background-color: #D2C6B6;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r151886664">.mw-parser-output .entete.musique{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Picto_infobox_music.png")}</style> <div>Ray Drummond</div> </div> <div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Ray_Drummond.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ray_Drummond.jpg/220px-Ray_Drummond.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ray_Drummond.jpg/330px-Ray_Drummond.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ray_Drummond.jpg/440px-Ray_Drummond.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="684" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend">Ray Drummond (2017)</div><table><caption style="background-color:#D2C6B6;">Informations générales</caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"> Naissance </th> <td> <time class="nowrap date-lien bday" datetime="1946-11-23" data-sort-value="1946-11-23"><a href="/wiki/23_novembre" title="23 novembre">23</a> <a href="/wiki/Novembre_1946" title="Novembre 1946">novembre</a> <a href="/wiki/1946_en_musique" title="1946 en musique">1946</a></time> <span class="noprint">(78 ans)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Brookline_(Massachusetts)" title="Brookline (Massachusetts)">Brookline (Massachusetts)</a></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"> Activité principale </th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Contrebassiste" class="mw-redirect" title="Contrebassiste">Contrebassiste</a></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"> Genre musical </th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"> Instruments </th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Contrebasse" title="Contrebasse">Contrebasse</a></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"> Labels </th> <td> Arabesque Records, Criss Cross Jazz</td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"> Site officiel </th> <td> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.raydrummond.com/">Site officiel</a></td> </tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#D2C6B6;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ray_Drummond&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Musique_(artiste)" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p><b>Ray Drummond</b> est un <a href="/wiki/Contrebassiste" class="mw-redirect" title="Contrebassiste">contrebassiste</a> <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rique" title="Amérique">américain</a>, né le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1946-11-23" data-sort-value="1946-11-23">23 novembre 1946</time> à <a href="/wiki/Brookline_(Massachusetts)" title="Brookline (Massachusetts)">Brookline (Massachusetts)</a>. </p><p>L'enfance du Ray se déroule à travers des <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a>, au gré des mutations de son père qui est <a href="/wiki/Saxophoniste" title="Saxophoniste">saxophoniste</a> dans l'armée américaine. Le <a href="/wiki/Cor_d%27harmonie" title="Cor d'harmonie">cor</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Trompette" title="Trompette">trompette</a> sont ses premiers instruments, qu'il étudie à partir de huit ans. En 1961, il se tourne vers la contrebasse. Installé en <a href="/wiki/Californie" title="Californie">Californie</a>, il obtient une licence en sciences politiques et prépare une maîtrise d'administration financière à la <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Graduate_School_of_Business" title="Stanford Graduate School of Business">Stanford Business School</a> (<a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>-<a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">71</a>). Pourtant il n'arrive pas à imaginer le reste de sa vie dans ce milieu et décide de se consacrer à la musique. Il complète sa formation par des leçons privées, notamment pour la technique de l'archet. Sa carrière professionnelle débute en Californie. Il enregistre en 1971 avec le <a href="/wiki/Violoniste" title="Violoniste">violoniste</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_White" title="Michael White">Michael White</a>. Il rejoint la formation de <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Hutcherson" title="Bobby Hutcherson">Bobby Hutcherson</a>, qui comprend également <a href="/wiki/Woody_Shaw" title="Woody Shaw">Woody Shaw</a>, et participe à deux albums pour <a href="/wiki/Blue_Note_Records" title="Blue Note Records">Blue Note</a> (« Live at Montreux » et « Cirrus »). Établi dans la région de <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a> depuis fin <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>, il jouera dans un <a href="/wiki/Quintette" title="Quintette">quintette</a> dirigé par le <a href="/wiki/Saxophoniste" title="Saxophoniste">saxophoniste</a> ténor <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Leggio" title="Carmen Leggio">Carmen Leggio</a> dont la rythmique est complétée par <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Danko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Danko (page inexistante)">Harold Danko</a> et <a href="/wiki/Mel_Lewis" title="Mel Lewis">Mel Lewis</a>. On le retrouve dans le <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a> que ce dernier codirige avec <a href="/wiki/Thad_Jones" title="Thad Jones">Thad Jones</a> et joue avec <a href="/wiki/David_Murray" title="David Murray">David Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Griffin" title="Johnny Griffin">Johnny Griffin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis" title="Wynton Marsalis">Wynton Marsalis</a>, Woody Shaw, <a href="/wiki/Hank_Jones" title="Hank Jones">Hank Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betty_Carter" title="Betty Carter">Betty Carter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horace_Silver" title="Horace Silver">Horace Silver</a>. Outre des enregistrements avec certains d'entre eux, il apparaît aussi sur les disques de <a href="/wiki/George_Coleman" title="George Coleman">George Coleman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharoah_Sanders" title="Pharoah Sanders">Pharoah Sanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slide_Hampton" title="Slide Hampton">Slide Hampton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer">Art Farmer</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Benny_Golson" title="Benny Golson">Benny Golson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arnett_Cobb" title="Arnett Cobb">Arnett Cobb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Harrell" title="Tom Harrell">Tom Harrell</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Harrow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancy Harrow (page inexistante)">Nancy Harrow</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronnie_Mathews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronnie Mathews (page inexistante)">Ronnie Mathews</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lew_Tabackin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lew Tabackin (page inexistante)">Lew Tabackin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Handy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Craig Handy (page inexistante)">Craig Handy</a>…<sup id="cite_ref-dic_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dic-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Surnommé « Bulldog » (le bouledogue), Drummond n'est pas pour rien le <a href="/wiki/Bassiste" title="Bassiste">bassiste</a> régulier du <a href="/wiki/Trio" title="Trio">trio</a> <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Barron" title="Kenny Barron">Kenny Barron</a>, ni l'un des contrebassistes les plus sollicités de la scène new-yorkaise : il combine une stabilité impeccable et une adaptabilité à tous les contextes. Sa notoriété extrêmement riche (il joue sur une <a href="/wiki/Contrebasse" title="Contrebasse">contrebasse</a> française, de 1870, de l'école de <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Vuillaume" title="Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume">Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume</a>) convient aux rencontres intimistes, tandis que sa puissance et son énergie brillent dans des aventures plus extraverties. Véritable dynamo du <a href="/wiki/Swing_(musique)" title="Swing (musique)">swing</a>, il obtient un parfait équilibre entre décontraction et propulsion, souplesse et tension. De plus, il s'affirme avec le temps comme un <a href="/wiki/Compositeur" title="Compositeur">compositeur</a> talentueux, sollicitant volontiers les rythmes latins, mais aussi <a href="/wiki/Bela_Bartok" class="mw-redirect" title="Bela Bartok">Bela Bartok</a><sup id="cite_ref-dic_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dic-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discographie">Discographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Drummond&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Discographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Drummond&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Discographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Susanita</i>, <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a></li> <li><i>Maya's Dance</i>, <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a></li> <li><i>One To One</i>, <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a></li> <li><i>Camera In A Bag</i>, <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a></li> <li><i>Excursion</i>, <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a></li> <li><i>Continuum</i>, <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a></li> <li><i>Vignettes</i>, <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a></li> <li><i>1-2-3-4</i>, <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discographie_Ray_Drummond/Jones/Higgins"><span id="Discographie_Ray_Drummond.2FJones.2FHiggins"></span>Discographie Ray Drummond/Jones/Higgins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Drummond&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Discographie Ray Drummond/Jones/Higgins" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Drummond&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Discographie Ray Drummond/Jones/Higgins"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Essence</i>, <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discographie_The_Drummonds">Discographie The Drummonds</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Drummond&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Discographie The Drummonds" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Drummond&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Discographie The Drummonds"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>When You Wish Upon a Star</i>, <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Drummond&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Drummond&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379426?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/24786949">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000008103785X">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13893440w">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13893440w">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/157416070">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83189460">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/134362527">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA16487425?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" 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class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Drummond&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Drummond&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dic-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-dic_1-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-dic_1-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Philippe Carles, André Clergeat, Jean-Louis Comolli, <i>Dictionnaire du Jazz</i>, Éditions Robert Laffont, 2002 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-221-07822-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-221-07822-5"><span class="nowrap">2-221-07822-5</span></a>)</small></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Jazz" title="Portail du jazz"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Saxophone-icon.svg/24px-Saxophone-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Saxophone-icon.svg/36px-Saxophone-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Saxophone-icon.svg/48px-Saxophone-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Jazz" title="Portail:Jazz">Portail du jazz</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Portail des États-Unis"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/63px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/84px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Portail:États-Unis">Portail des États-Unis</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ray_Drummond&oldid=197262338">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ray_Drummond&oldid=197262338</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Naissance_en_novembre_1946" title="Catégorie:Naissance en novembre 1946">Naissance en novembre 1946</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Contrebassiste_am%C3%A9ricain_de_jazz" title="Catégorie:Contrebassiste américain de jazz">Contrebassiste américain de jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Naissance_%C3%A0_Brookline_(Massachusetts)" title="Catégorie:Naissance à Brookline (Massachusetts)">Naissance à Brookline (Massachusetts)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:%C3%89tudiant_de_l%27universit%C3%A9_Stanford" title="Catégorie:Étudiant de l'université Stanford">Étudiant de l'université Stanford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Artiste_d%27Arabesque_Records" title="Catégorie:Artiste d'Arabesque Records">Artiste d'Arabesque Records</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Artiste_de_Criss_Cross_Jazz" title="Catégorie:Artiste de Criss Cross Jazz">Artiste de Criss Cross Jazz</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%A9bauche_jazz" title="Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche jazz">Wikipédia:ébauche jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_une_Infobox" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox">Article utilisant une Infobox</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_avec_notice_d%27autorit%C3%A9" title="Catégorie:Article de Wikipédia avec notice d'autorité">Article de Wikipédia avec notice d'autorité</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Jazz/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Jazz/Articles liés">Portail:Jazz/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Musique/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Musique/Articles liés">Portail:Musique/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:%C3%89tats-Unis/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:États-Unis/Articles liés">Portail:États-Unis/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Am%C3%A9rique/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Amérique/Articles liés">Portail:Amérique/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Am%C3%A9rique_du_Nord/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Amérique du Nord/Articles liés">Portail:Amérique du Nord/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Article_biographique" title="Catégorie:Wikipédia:Article biographique">Wikipédia:Article biographique</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Biographie/Articles_li%C3%A9s/Culture_et_arts" title="Catégorie:Portail:Biographie/Articles liés/Culture et arts">Portail:Biographie/Articles liés/Culture et arts</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 26 septembre 2022 à 10:48.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citation_et_r%C3%A9utilisation_du_contenu_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia" title="Wikipédia:Citation et 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