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class="fn">Shastriji Maharaj</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Shastriji_Maharaj_Sarangpur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Shastriji_Maharaj_Sarangpur.jpg/220px-Shastriji_Maharaj_Sarangpur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Shastriji_Maharaj_Sarangpur.jpg/330px-Shastriji_Maharaj_Sarangpur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Shastriji_Maharaj_Sarangpur.jpg/440px-Shastriji_Maharaj_Sarangpur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="815" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Shastriji Maharaj</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bhagatji_Maharaj" title="Bhagatji Maharaj">Bhagatji Maharaj</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yogiji_Maharaj" title="Yogiji Maharaj">Yogiji Maharaj</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFC569; color: #000000;">Personal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Dungar Patel</div><br />31 January 1865<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Mahelav, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">10 May 1951<span style="display:none">(1951-05-10)</span> (aged 86)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Sarangpur,_Gujarat" title="Sarangpur, Gujarat">Sarangpur, Gujarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Denomination</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Sampradaya" title="Swaminarayan Sampradaya">Swaminarayan Sampradaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/BAPS" class="mw-redirect" title="BAPS">BAPS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Monastic name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Yagnapurushdas Swami</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFC569; color: #000000;">Organization</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bochasanwasi_Akshar_Purushottam_Swaminarayan_Sanstha" title="Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha">Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha</a> (BAPS)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Philosophy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Akshar-Purushottam_Darshan" class="mw-redirect" title="Akshar-Purushottam Darshan">Akshar-Purushottam Darshan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Role</th><td class="infobox-data">Spiritual head of BAPS (1907-1951)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shastriji Maharaj</b> (31 January 1865 – 10 May 1951), born Dungar Patel<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> and ordained Shastri Yagnapurushdas, was a <a href="/wiki/Swami" title="Swami">swami</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaminarayan Sampraday">Swaminarayan Sampradaya</a> and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Bochasanwasi_Akshar_Purushottam_Swaminarayan_Sanstha" title="Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha">Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha</a> (BAPS).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 22">: 22 </span></sup> Several branches accept him as the third spiritual successor of <a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a> in the lineage of Aksharbrahma Gurus through whom Swaminarayan manifests, which began with <a href="/wiki/Gunatitanand_Swami" title="Gunatitanand Swami">Gunatitanand Swami</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 61–62">: 61–62 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 329–330">: 329–330 </span></sup> Born in a family of farmers in central <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, India, he became a swami within the <a href="/wiki/Laxmi_Narayan_Dev_Gadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Laxmi Narayan Dev Gadi">Vadtal diocese</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaminarayan Sampraday">Swaminarayan Sampradaya</a> at the age of 17 where he was given the name Yagnapurushdas Swami.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 35">: 35 </span></sup> The prefix Shastri was later added in recognition of his eminent scholarship in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> and the Hindu scriptures.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 40">: 40 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 22">: 22 </span></sup> He established BAPS after a doctrinal split from the Vadtal diocese of the Swaminarayan Sampradaya.<sup id="cite_ref-williams2001_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 54">: 54 </span></sup> </p><p>Shastriji Maharaj is credited with establishing BAPS on 5 June 1907 CE in Bochasan, Gujarat<sup id="cite_ref-williams2001_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to propagate the <a href="/wiki/Akshar-Purushottam_Upasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Akshar-Purushottam Upasana">Akshar-Purushottam Upasana</a> (worship of Akshar (guru) and <a href="/wiki/Purushottama" title="Purushottama">Purushottama</a> (Swaminarayan)), which according to him had been revealed by Swaminarayan and was passed on to him from his own guru, <a href="/wiki/Bhagatji_Maharaj" title="Bhagatji Maharaj">Bhagatji Maharaj</a>. As staunch proponent of this mode of worship, he consecrated the sacred images of Swaminarayan (as a manifestation of Purushottam) and Gunatitanand Swami (as a manifestation of Akshar) in the central shrines of major mandirs in the towns of <a href="/wiki/Bochasan" title="Bochasan">Bochasan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarangpur,_Gujarat" title="Sarangpur, Gujarat">Sarangpur</a>, Atladara (now an area of <a href="/wiki/Vadodara" title="Vadodara">Vadodara</a>), <a href="/wiki/Gondal,_India" title="Gondal, India">Gondal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gadhada" title="Gadhada">Gadhada</a> in Gujarat, India.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 365">: 365 </span></sup> </p><p>In the early 1950s, having successfully laid the foundations of BAPS, he appointed <a href="/wiki/Pramukh_Swami_Maharaj" title="Pramukh Swami Maharaj">Pramukh Swami Maharaj</a> as its administrative head to serve under <a href="/wiki/Yogiji_Maharaj" title="Yogiji Maharaj">Yogiji Maharaj</a>, whom he appointed as his spiritual successor.<sup id="cite_ref-williams2001_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 60">: 60 </span></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shasriji_Maharaj_birthplace_-_Mahuva,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Shasriji_Maharaj_birthplace_-_Mahuva%2C_India.jpg/150px-Shasriji_Maharaj_birthplace_-_Mahuva%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Shasriji_Maharaj_birthplace_-_Mahuva%2C_India.jpg/225px-Shasriji_Maharaj_birthplace_-_Mahuva%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Shasriji_Maharaj_birthplace_-_Mahuva%2C_India.jpg/300px-Shasriji_Maharaj_birthplace_-_Mahuva%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Birthplace and Childhood home of Shastriji Maharaj (Dungar Patel) in Mahelav, Gujarat</figcaption></figure> <p>Dungar Patel was born on 31 January 1865 in Mahelav into a deeply religious family.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2">: 2 </span></sup> His parents, Dhoribhai and Hetba Patel had 4 other children, Mathurbhai, Laldas, Sonaba and Raliatben, of which Dungar was the youngest.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> Various anecdotes of Shastriji Maharaj's childhood demonstrate his early spiritual inclination and intellectual prowess. These include his preference for building mandirs out of sand while other children his age played with toys, his observance of religious fasts from a young age<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an impromptu recital of the <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> to the entire village.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 21">: 21 </span></sup> He first received formal education at the village school under the tutelage of Gangaram Mehta of Alindra.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 13">: 13 </span></sup> In addition to this, Dungar often interacted with swamis at the Swaminarayan temple in Mahelav and began studying the <a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a> and other Hindu scriptures under them. This initial education would be further enhanced under Vignananand Swami<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 13">: 13 </span></sup> an illustrious and eminent swami who had been initiated by Swaminarayan. </p><p>Dungar initially came into contact with Vignananand Swami during the <a href="/wiki/Chaitra" title="Chaitra">Chaitra</a> festival in 1881<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23">: 23 </span></sup> whereupon the Swami impressed Dungar with his spirituality and renunciation of material objects. Having found a suitable senior swami to learn under in Vignananand Swami, Dungar decided to become a swami himself<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 22">: 22 </span></sup> and live a life of devotional service and asceticism. During this period, Dungar immersed himself in devotional service and scriptural study.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His meticulousness and dedication to his duties caught the attention of Acharya Viharilalji Maharaj (the Acharya of the Vadtal diocese)<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Gordhanbhai Kothari (Chief Administrator of the Vadtal diocese),<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both of whom shared a love and admiration for Dungar that would persist despite the doctrinal differences that would later emerge.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dungar continued to excel in his studies of the Sarasvat<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other Sanskrit texts. He was also very adept in temple management. Taking note of this, Vignananand Swami entrusted him, while still in his teens, with the administrative duties of Surat mandir<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a view of initiating him as a swami at the earliest opportunity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_a_swami">As a swami</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pragji_Bhakta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pragji_Bhakta.jpg/150px-Pragji_Bhakta.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pragji_Bhakta.jpg/225px-Pragji_Bhakta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pragji_Bhakta.jpg/300px-Pragji_Bhakta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4427" data-file-height="5577" /></a><figcaption>Bhagatji Maharaj, 2nd spiritual successor of Swaminarayan and guru of Shastriji Maharaj</figcaption></figure> <p>Dungar was initiated as a Swaminarayan swami on 29 November 1882 in Vadtal by Acharya Viharilalji Maharaj,<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the head of the Vadtal diocese of the <a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaminarayan Sampraday">Swaminarayan Sampradaya</a>. He was given the name Yagnapurushdas Swami.<sup id="cite_ref-williams2001_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 55">: 55 </span></sup> After his initiation, Shastri Yagnapurushdas resumed his duties as administrator of Surat mandir<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and continued to serve under Vignanand Swami. Soon, a large festival was held in Surat and prominent swamis and devotees, including <a href="/wiki/Bhagatji_Maharaj" title="Bhagatji Maharaj">Bhagatji Maharaj</a>, came to celebrate the occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the evening discourse, Shastri Yagnapurushdas wondered how Bhagatji Maharaj, a tailor by profession, could simultaneously stitch and speak with such profound spirituality. Bhagatji Maharaj answered Yagnapurushdas' unasked question by saying, "A man of true knowledge has countless eyes and can see from anywhere."<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Intrigued by this experience, Shastri Yagnapurushdas began spending increasing amounts of time listening to Bhagatji Maharaj's discourses, eventually accepting him as his guru. Once, Bhagatji Maharaj explained that only after understanding <a href="/wiki/Gunatitanand_Swami" title="Gunatitanand Swami">Swami Gunatitanand</a> as Akshar and <a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Shriji Maharaj</a> as Narayan could one be said to have complete faith in Swaminarayan. Shastri Yagnapurushdas was skeptical of this statement since his guru, Vignananand Swami, who had been a paramhansa under Swaminarayan for many years, had never mentioned it before. However, when Vignananand Swami confirmed that he also believed in this truth, having heard it on numerous occasions from Swaminarayan himself, Shastri Yagnapurushdas was convinced.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated238_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated238-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thereafter, Bhagatji Maharaj began explaining the Akshar-Purushottam Upasana to Shastri Yagnapurushdas. One important discourse involved Vachnamrut Loya 12,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated238_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated238-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which explained the concept of Akshar and Purushottam. Bhagatji Maharaj explained that Gunatitanand Swami was the ideal devotee of Swaminarayan and all devotees should aspire to become like him in order to develop firm conviction in Purushottam. Shastri Yagnapurushdas became a staunch proponent of the Akshar-Purushottam Upasana and began spreading this philosophy despite opposition from some members of the Vadtal diocese of the Swaminarayan Sampradaya.<sup id="cite_ref-williams2001_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Bhagatji Maharaj, Shastri Yagnapurushdas also refined his knowledge of the major Hindu scriptures and the <a href="/wiki/Vachanamrut" title="Vachanamrut">Vachanamrut</a> before undergoing periods of tutelage under Tyaganand Brahmachari<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and undertaking a course on Sanskrit studies under the famous Rangacharya of the Madhva Sampradaya.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His powerful intellect and thirst for knowledge had a profound impact on Rangacharya and they become close friends. </p><p>During the murti-pratishta of the Lakshmi-Vadi mandir in Gadhada, the famous Sanskrit scholar, Shri Mahidhar Shastri challenged members of the Swaminarayan Sampradaya to a debate.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mahidhar Shastri laughed in derision when he saw the young Shastri Yagnapurushdas rising up to confront him. At this point, Rangacharya said, "The virtuous are revered due to their virtue, not their gender or age.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>" Shastri Yangnapurushdas went on to comprehensively defeat Mahidhar Shastri and further enhanced his reputation as a scholar par-excellence. After this incident, Acharya Viharilalji Maharaj began to take a personal interest in Shastri Yagnapurushdas's studies, once confiding to Bhagatji Maharaj that, "Yagnapurushdas's studies are essential to the advancement of the Sampradaya."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shastri Yagnapurushdas continued to serve under Bhagatji Maharaj and formed a close bond with his guru. After the death of Bhagatji Maharaj on 7 November 1897, Shastri Yagnapurushdas firmly took on the mantle of propagating the Akshar-Purushottam philosophy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation_of_BAPS">Formation of BAPS</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Akshar-Purushottam_Darshan" class="mw-redirect" title="Akshar-Purushottam Darshan">Akshar-Purushottam Darshan</a></div> <p>The foundations for the establishment of BAPS were laid in 1905 when a combination of factors caused Shastri Yagnapurushdas to leave the Vadtal temple. The major reason for Shastri Yagnapurushdas' departure was his belief in the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Akshar-Purushottam_Darshan" class="mw-redirect" title="Akshar-Purushottam Darshan">Akshar-Purushottam</a>, regarding Gunatitanand as "the true spiritual successor of Swaminarayan."<sup id="cite_ref-williams2001_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 55">: 55 </span></sup> His identification of Gunatitanand Swami as the personal form of Akshar was a paradigm shift that led to "opposition and hostility"<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 363">: 363 </span></sup> from many within the Vadtal diocese.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> A major incident that exacerbated the hostility was Shastriji Maharaj's stipulation that Acharya Kunjvihariprasadji consecrate the <a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">murtis</a> of Akshar (Gunatitanand Swami) and Purushottam (Swaminarayan) in the Vadhwan mandir if Shastriji Maharaj assisted in providing the land for the temple.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gordhanbhai Kothari's benevolent attitude towards Shastriji Maharaj led to further hostility from a section of the Vadtal swamis.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BAPS_Mandir_Bochasan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/BAPS_Mandir_Bochasan.jpg/220px-BAPS_Mandir_Bochasan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/BAPS_Mandir_Bochasan.jpg/330px-BAPS_Mandir_Bochasan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/BAPS_Mandir_Bochasan.jpg/440px-BAPS_Mandir_Bochasan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1638" data-file-height="2149" /></a><figcaption>BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Bochasan. The first mandir of BAPS.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BAPS_Mandir_Bochasan,_Akshar_Purshottam_Idols.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/BAPS_Mandir_Bochasan%2C_Akshar_Purshottam_Idols.jpg/220px-BAPS_Mandir_Bochasan%2C_Akshar_Purshottam_Idols.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/BAPS_Mandir_Bochasan%2C_Akshar_Purshottam_Idols.jpg/330px-BAPS_Mandir_Bochasan%2C_Akshar_Purshottam_Idols.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/BAPS_Mandir_Bochasan%2C_Akshar_Purshottam_Idols.jpg/440px-BAPS_Mandir_Bochasan%2C_Akshar_Purshottam_Idols.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1641" data-file-height="2149" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam" class="mw-redirect" title="Akshar Purushottam">Akshar-Purushottam Maharaj</a> in the central shrine of BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Bochasan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Furthermore, the failure of some Vadtal swamis to strictly adhere to the monastic vows<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dictated by Swaminarayan and fear of some officials that Shastriji Maharaj would install an image of Gunatitanand Swami in the main shrine of the Vadtal temple <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> led to increased harassment. Matters came to a head on 8 November 1905, when several swamis of the Vadtal diocese attempted to murder Shastri Yagnapurushdas by administering poison.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 365">: 365 </span></sup> The following day, another attempt was made on his life.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the danger to his life, Shastriji Maharaj was reluctant to separate from the Vadtal diocese.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead he decided to go on a preaching tour to nearby villages, thereby putting some distance between himself and the dangerous elements in Vadtal. However, Acharya Lakshmiprasad attempted to spite Shastrji Maharaj for his previous reprimands on the Acharya's immoral liaisons by refusing to grant Shastriji Maharaj permission to leave the temple and preach in the villages.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shastriji Maharaj maintained his reluctance to leave Vadtal. However, Krishnaji Ada, a respected lay leader of the Swaminarayan Sampradaya, met with Shastriji Maharaj and quoted a verse in the <a href="/wiki/Shikshapatri" title="Shikshapatri">Shikshapatri</a> in which Swaminarayan instructs his followers to leave any place where their life is in danger. Krishnaji Ada argued that, in light of the threats to his life in Vadtal, Shastriji Maharaj would be disobeying the commands of Swaminarayan if he did not leave.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unable to deny this argument, Shastriji Maharaj eventually decided to leave the Vadtal temple with five swamis and a select number of devotees.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 363">: 363 </span></sup> Although he told everyone that he was not splitting with Vadtal, but just going to preach in the villages, his departure gave his detractors the excuse they were looking for, and Shastri Yagnapurushdas was, as Prof. Raymond Williams observes, "expelled from the fellowship by a hastily called meeting of swamis"<sup id="cite_ref-williams2001_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 54">: 54 </span></sup> of the Vadtal diocese. This event marked the beginning of what would become an interminable controversy over Shastri Yagnapurushdas's official status as a part of the Vadtal diocese. Shastri Yagnapurushdas's opponents had convened this meeting to transform his departure from the Vadtal mandir into an official excommunication from the Vadtal diocese. However, his supporters asserted that their order of expulsion was morally illegitimate and legally invalid. They argued that the expulsion was illegitimate as the meeting was held under the leadership of Acharya Lakshmiprasadji, who only a short time later was himself expelled when his immoral activities came to light.<sup id="cite_ref-williams2001_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 54">: 54 </span></sup> Moreover, they asserted that the expulsion was legally invalid since the Chief Administrator of the Vadtal diocese, Gordhanbhai Kothari, had refused to sign the order of expulsion. Without his signature, the order was simply a worthless piece of paper with no legal standing.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the debate raged, Shastriji Maharaj paid it no heed, but continued to preach in the villages and propagate the <a href="/wiki/Akshar-Purushottam_Darshan" class="mw-redirect" title="Akshar-Purushottam Darshan">Akshar-Purushottam doctrine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 55–61">: 55–61 </span></sup> Soon, he began to plan and construct a temple in which Akshar-Purushottam Maharaj would be installed in the central shrine. On 5 June 1907, Shastri Yagnapurushdas consecrated the murtis of Swaminarayan and Gunatitanand Swami in the newly constructed mandir in the village of Bochasan. This marked the beginning of BAPS as an organization since it was the first mandir to have both murtis of Akshar and Purushottam in the central shrine.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shastriji Maharaj continued to propagate the Akshar-Purushottam doctrine and build mandirs, while the coterie of his detractors in the Vadtal diocese continued to attempt to validate his excommunication. Years after the event, they attempted to pressure Gordhanbhai Kothari, then 90 years old and blind, to sign the order of excommunication, but he bluntly refused.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, in 1935, an incident in Swaminarayan mandir in the village of Ishnav led to a lawsuit against Shastriji Maharaj by the Acharya of Vadtal that brought the dispute of Shastriji Maharaj's standing in the Vadtal diocese to its "legal conclusion".<sup id="cite_ref-williams2001_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 57">: 57 </span></sup> A group of Shastriji Maharaj's swamis had visited the village of Ishnav and stayed at the local mandir "with the approval of some villagers but against the wishes of the trustee"<sup id="cite_ref-williams2001_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 57">: 57 </span></sup> Consequently, the Acharya of Vadtal filed a lawsuit aiming to prohibit swamis of the Akshar-Purushottam Sanstha from using properties belonging to the Vadtal diocese on the grounds that they had been officially excommunicated. Although a local judge upheld the legality of Shastri Yagnapurushdas' expulsion, the verdict was appealed and the District judge, Mr. J.D Kapadiya ruled in favor of Shastri Yagnapurushdas when he stated, "The laws of natural justice have clearly been broken in these proceedings [of 1906], and I have no hesitation in holding that as far as the law courts are concerned they would not recognize the excommunication of defendant No. 1 [Yagnapurushdas]."<sup id="cite_ref-williams2001_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 57">: 57 </span></sup> Thus, Judge Kapadiya overturned the ruling of the lower court and validated that Shastri Yagnapurushdas had not been legally excommunicated from the Vadtal diocese.<sup id="cite_ref-williams2001_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 58">: 58 </span></sup> However, he cited an affidavit from Shastri Yagnapurushdas to rule that he had succeeded from the Vadtal diocese, and was now the head of an organization independent of "the holders of the Vadatal[sic] or Ahmedabad Gadi. Ultimately, the judge ruled that BAPS swamis did not have the right to stay or preach in the Swaminarayan Sampradaya and he restrained Shastri Yagnapurushdas from sending his swamis to that temple."<sup id="cite_ref-williams2001_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 58">: 58 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsequent_activities_and_later_life">Subsequent activities and later life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shastriji_Maharaj_and_Yogiji_Maharaj.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Shastriji_Maharaj_and_Yogiji_Maharaj.jpg/220px-Shastriji_Maharaj_and_Yogiji_Maharaj.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Shastriji_Maharaj_and_Yogiji_Maharaj.jpg/330px-Shastriji_Maharaj_and_Yogiji_Maharaj.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Shastriji_Maharaj_and_Yogiji_Maharaj.jpg/440px-Shastriji_Maharaj_and_Yogiji_Maharaj.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1636" data-file-height="2154" /></a><figcaption>Shastriji Maharaj (left) with his successor Yogiji Maharaj (right)</figcaption></figure> <p>An important meeting that would have a significant impact on the future of BAPS occurred on 12 August 1910 when Shastriji Maharaj met his eventual spiritual successor, Jhina Bhagat (Yogiji Maharaj<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). This meeting in Rajkot ultimately resulted in several swamis from the Vadtal diocese including <a href="/wiki/Yogiji_Maharaj" title="Yogiji Maharaj">Yogiji Maharaj</a> and Krishnacharandas Swami,<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leaving to join Shastriji Maharaj. </p><p>Shastriji Maharaj continued to nurture the fledgling <a href="/wiki/BAPS" class="mw-redirect" title="BAPS">BAPS</a> organization and facilitated its growth by consecrating the murtis of Swaminarayan and <a href="/wiki/Gunatitanand_Swami" title="Gunatitanand Swami">Gunatitanand Swami</a> in four further mandirs in the towns of Sarangpur, Gondal, Atladra and Gadhada.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, Shastriji Maharaj's captivating discourses and determination enabled BAPS to establish itself in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, Shastriji Maharaj interacted with various Indian freedom fighters such as <a href="/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi">Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi</a><sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the case of Gandhi, Shastri Yagnapurusdas blessed the efforts of the Mahatma during a meeting that took place at the time of the 1930 Dandi <a href="/wiki/Salt_March" title="Salt March">Salt March</a>. Notable devotees of Shastriji Maharaj included Gulzarilal Nanda himself and Dolatram Kripashankar Pandya,<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a member of the Vadtal temple committee and famous Sanskrit scholar who started supporting Shastriji Maharaj after listening to a discourse on the Akshar-Purushottam upasana by him.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the last few years of his life, Shastriji Maharaj took steps to preserve the growth and future of BAPS by registering BAPS as a charitable trust under India's new legal code in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-williams2001_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 60">: 60 </span></sup> In 1950, he appointed Shastri Narayanswarupdas (Pramukh Swami Maharaj) as the administrative head of the organization and instructed him to work under Yogiji Maharaj who would become the spiritual head of the organization.<sup id="cite_ref-williams2001_6-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 60">: 60 </span></sup> </p><p> Shastriji Maharaj died on 10 May 1951 in Sarangpur.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"></p><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#FFC569;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Hindu philosophy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/80px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/120px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/160px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FFC569;"> <a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Orthodox</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)" title="Yoga (philosophy)">Yoga</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FFC569;"> <a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Heterodox</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%C4%80j%C4%ABvika" title="Ājīvika">Ājīvika</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aj%C3%B1ana" title="Ajñana">Ajñana</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;;padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:normal;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><b>Sub-schools</b></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartist</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavite</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhedabheda" title="Bhedabheda">Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivite</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijna" title="Pratyabhijna">Pratyabhijna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Panchartika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalamukha" title="Kalamukha">Pramanavada</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veerashaiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Veerashaiva">Shakti Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Shiva Bhedabeda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Advaita" title="Shiva Advaita">Shiva Advaita</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Integral_yoga" title="Integral yoga">Integral yoga</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;;padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:normal;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><b>Teachers</b> (<a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya">Acharyas</a>)</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;;padding-top:0.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Akṣapāda Gotama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanta_Bhatta" title="Jayanta Bhatta">Jayanta Bhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_Siromani" title="Raghunatha Siromani">Raghunatha Siromani</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaimini" title="Jaimini">Jaimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81rila_Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa" title="Kumārila Bhaṭṭa">Kumārila Bhaṭṭa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabh%C4%81kara" title="Prabhākara">Prabhākara</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a> (Mayavada)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaudapada" title="Gaudapada">Gaudapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81chaspati_Misra" title="Vāchaspati Misra">Vāchaspati Misra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a> (Tattvavada)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasatirtha" title="Vyasatirtha">Vyasatirtha</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarkacharya" title="Nimbarkacharya">Nimbarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shakta</a></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigamananda_Paramahansa" title="Nigamananda Paramahansa">Nigamananda Paramahansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramprasad_Sen" title="Ramprasad Sen">Ramprasad Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamakhepa" title="Bamakhepa">Bamakhepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamalakanta_Bhattacharya_(Bengal)" title="Kamalakanta Bhattacharya (Bengal)">Kamalakanta Bhattacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamayi_Ma" title="Anandamayi Ma">Anandamayi Ma</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;;font-weight:normal;"> Others</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ka%E1%B9%87%C4%81da" title="Kaṇāda">Kaṇāda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prashastapada" title="Prashastapada">Prashastapada</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">Secular</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valluvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Valluvar">Valluvar</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;;padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:normal;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><b><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Major texts</a></b></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_Upanishads" title="Principal Upanishads">Principal Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads#Classification" title="Upanishads">Minor Upanishads</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Other scriptures</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)">Agama (Hinduism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vachanamrut" title="Vachanamrut">Vachanamrut</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><i><b><a href="/wiki/Shastra" title="Shastra">Shastras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutras</a></b></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahma Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samkhyakarika" title="Samkhyakarika">Samkhya Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purva_Mimamsa_Sutras" title="Purva Mimamsa Sutras">Mimamsa Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Nyāya Sūtras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai%C5%9Be%E1%B9%A3ika_S%C5%ABtra" title="Vaiśeṣika Sūtra">Vaiśeṣika Sūtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Pramana Sutras</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharmaśāstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama_Sutra" title="Kama Sutra">Kama Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Samhita" title="Shiva Samhita">Shiva Samhita</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Secular_ethics" title="Secular ethics">Secular ethics</a></b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kural" title="Kural">Kural</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_philosophy" title="Indian philosophy">Other Indian philosophies</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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philosophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_Ideals">Legacy and Ideals</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Narayanswarupdas_and_Shastriji_Maharaj.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Narayanswarupdas_and_Shastriji_Maharaj.jpg/220px-Narayanswarupdas_and_Shastriji_Maharaj.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Narayanswarupdas_and_Shastriji_Maharaj.jpg/330px-Narayanswarupdas_and_Shastriji_Maharaj.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Narayanswarupdas_and_Shastriji_Maharaj.jpg/440px-Narayanswarupdas_and_Shastriji_Maharaj.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1312" data-file-height="989" /></a><figcaption>Shastriji Maharaj (right) with the young Narayanswarupdas Swami (Pramukh Swami Maharaj) (left).</figcaption></figure> <p>Shastriji Maharaj's most enduring legacy is the founding of BAPS.<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 22">: 22 </span></sup> His unwavering belief in the Akshar-Purushottam upasana was the chief reason for his departure from Vadtal<sup id="cite_ref-williams2001_6-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is an indication of his conviction towards this philosophy. Under his leadership, there was a "focused emphasis on the building of shikharbaddha mandirs as a means of conveying Swaminarayan upasana."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 366">: 366 </span></sup> </p><p>His administrative and organizational abilities were apparent during his work as the de facto Kothari of Surat mandir<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Kim observes that, "Shastri Maharaj and his small group of followers are revered by satsangis for their resourcefulness and indefatigable efforts to build temples."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 366">: 366 </span></sup> Further insights into his character reveal that "Shastri Maharaj expected his followers to demonstrate, by their thoughts and actions, their commitment to a peaceful devotional tradition, one that idealizes gestures that directly serve <a href="/wiki/Bhagwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagwan">Bhagwan</a> and Guru."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 363">: 363 </span></sup> Shastriji Maharaj played an integral part in laying the foundation for the establishment of BAPS overseas through discourses and communication with devotees in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one such letter, Shastriji Maharaj emphasized his adherence to truth by stating a verse in the Gita-"Nasatyat Param Papam",<sup id="cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Untruth is the greatest sin-as one of his important maxims and gave a succinct reasoning for his belief in the Akshar-Purushottam upasana. </p><p>As a charismatic and determined leader, he "overcame obstructions to land acquisition, temple construction, and the dissemination of his teachings and acquired a loyal and growing group of devotees, admirers, and political supporters, many of whom were formerly associated with the original Vadtal Swaminarayan Sampradaya."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 365">: 365 </span></sup> </p><p> Having laid the foundations of BAPS, he secured the spiritual and administrative future of the organization through the appointments of Yogiji Maharaj and Pramukh Swami Maharaj, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></p><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Vaishnavism" title="Category:Vaishnavism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color: #c9d5f2; border-color: #001A57"><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Vaishnavism</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Git_govind_large.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Closeup of Vishnu, seated in the lotus position on a lotus. From depiction of the poet Jayadeva bowing to Vishnu, Gouache on paper Pahari, The very picture of devotion, bare-bodied, head bowed, legs crossed and hands folded, Jayadeva stands at left, with the implements of worship placed before the lotus-seat of Vishnu who sits there, blessing the poet."><img alt="Closeup of Vishnu, seated in the lotus position on a lotus. From depiction of the poet Jayadeva bowing to Vishnu, Gouache on paper Pahari, The very picture of devotion, bare-bodied, head bowed, legs crossed and hands folded, Jayadeva stands at left, with the implements of worship placed before the lotus-seat of Vishnu who sits there, blessing the poet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/220px-Git_govind_large.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/330px-Git_govind_large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/440px-Git_govind_large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="386" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Supreme deity</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Important deities</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsya" title="Matsya">Matsya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurma" title="Kurma">Kurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaha" title="Varaha">Varaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha" title="Narasimha">Narasimha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamana" title="Vamana">Vamana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasurama" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasurama">Parasurama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balarama" title="Balarama">Balarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha in Hinduism">Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki">Kalki</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other forms</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhanvantari" title="Dhanvantari">Dhanvantari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guruvayurappan" title="Guruvayurappan">Guruvayurappan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayagriva" title="Hayagriva">Hayagriva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohini" title="Mohini">Mohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara-Narayana" title="Nara-Narayana">Nara-Narayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithu" title="Prithu">Prithu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrinathji" title="Shrinathji">Shrinathji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkateshvara" class="mw-redirect" title="Venkateshvara">Venkateshvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithoba" title="Vithoba">Vithoba</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Consorts</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamelu" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamelu">Alamelu</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Related</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesha" title="Shesha">Shesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_(deity)" title="Shasta (deity)">Shasta</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu scriptures"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Holy scriptures</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikhanasa" title="Vaikhanasa">Vaikhanasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harivamsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Harivamsa">Harivamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divya_Prabandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Divya Prabandha">Divya Prabandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gita_Govinda" title="Gita Govinda">Gita Govinda</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naradiya_Purana" title="Naradiya Purana">Naradiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Purana" title="Garuda Purana">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Sampradayas</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Sampradaya">Sri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudra_Sampradaya" title="Rudra Sampradaya">Rudra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Śuddhādvaita</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81ra_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumāra Sampradaya">Kumara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dvaitadvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaitadvaita">Dvaitadvaita</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tattvavada" class="mw-redirect" title="Tattvavada">Tattvavada</a> or (<a href="/wiki/Dvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaita">Dvaita</a>)), <a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Acintyabhedabheda</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Others</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranami_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Pranami Sampraday">Pranami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Vallabh_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Radha Vallabh Sampradaya">Radha Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsnehi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramsnehi">Ramsnehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnava-Sahajiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava-Sahajiya">Vaishnava-Sahajiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warkari" title="Warkari">Warkari</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Teachers—acharyas</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hith_Harivansh_Mahaprabhu" title="Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu">Harivansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnyaneshwar" title="Dnyaneshwar">Jñāneśvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhavdev" title="Madhavdev">Madhavdev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manavala_Mamunigal" title="Manavala Mamunigal">Manavala Mamunigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nammalvar" title="Nammalvar">Nammalvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathamuni" title="Nathamuni">Nathamuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimbarka">Nimbarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabha_Tirtha" title="Padmanabha Tirtha">Padmanabha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillai_Lokacharya" title="Pillai Lokacharya">Pillai Lokacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuttama_Tirtha" title="Raghuttama Tirtha">Raghuttama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavendra_Tirtha" title="Raghavendra Tirtha">Raghavendra Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Charan_(guru)" title="Ram Charan (guru)">Ram Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidas" title="Ravidas">Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyanatha_Tirtha" title="Satyanatha Tirtha">Satyanatha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyabhinava_Tirtha" title="Satyabhinava Tirtha">Satyabhinava Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyabodha_Tirtha" title="Satyabodha Tirtha">Satyabodha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadharma_Tirtha" title="Satyadharma Tirtha">Satyadharma Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadhyana_Tirtha" title="Satyadhyana Tirtha">Satyadhyana Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarth_Ramdas" title="Samarth Ramdas">Samarth Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripadaraja" title="Sripadaraja">Sripadaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyapati" title="Vidyapati">Vidyapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnuswami" title="Vishnuswami">Vishnuswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitthalanatha" title="Vitthalanatha">Viṭṭhalanātha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasatirtha" title="Vyasatirtha">Vyasatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadiraja_Tirtha" title="Vadiraja Tirtha">Vadiraja Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamunacharya" title="Yamunacharya">Yamunacharya</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Related traditions</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagavatism">Bhagavatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikhanasas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaikhanasas">Vaikhanasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism#Tenkalai_("southern")_-_Manavala_Mamunigal" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Tenkalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism#Vadakalai_("northern")_-_Vedanta_Desika" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Vadakalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munitraya_Sampradayam" class="mw-redirect" title="Munitraya Sampradayam">Munitraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaism" title="Krishnaism">Krishnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannathism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnava-Sahajiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava-Sahajiya">Sahajiya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baul" title="Baul">Baul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Pushtimarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Vaishnavism" title="Gaudiya Vaishnavism">Gaudiya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">ISKCON</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramanandi">Ramanandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapadi" title="Kapadi">Kapadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balmikism" title="Balmikism">Balmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir_panth" title="Kabir panth">Kabir panth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu panth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanam_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahanam Sampraday">Mahanam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vaishnavism" title="Template:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vaishnavism" title="Template talk:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vaishnavism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-amrutvijaydas2006-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amrutvijaydas2006_1-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAmrutvijaydas2006" class="citation book cs1">Amrutvijaydas, Sadhu (2006). <i>Shastriji Maharaj Life and Work</i>. Amdavad: Swaminarayan Aksharpith. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7526-305-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7526-305-5"><bdi>978-81-7526-305-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shastriji+Maharaj+Life+and+Work&rft.place=Amdavad&rft.pub=Swaminarayan+Aksharpith&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-7526-305-5&rft.aulast=Amrutvijaydas&rft.aufirst=Sadhu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShastriji+Maharaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParamtattvadas,_Sadhu2017" class="citation book cs1">Paramtattvadas, Sadhu (17 August 2017). <i>An Introduction to Swaminarayan Hindu theology</i>. Cambridge, United Kingdom. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107158672" title="Special:BookSources/9781107158672"><bdi>9781107158672</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/964861190">964861190</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Swaminarayan+Hindu+theology&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.date=2017-08-17&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F964861190&rft.isbn=9781107158672&rft.au=Paramtattvadas%2C+Sadhu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShastriji+Maharaj" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2018" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Raymond Brady (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1038043717"><i>An introduction to Swaminarayan Hinduism</i></a> (3rd ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-42114-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-42114-0"><bdi>978-1-108-42114-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1038043717">1038043717</a>. <q>Gunatitanand Swami established a line of spiritual authorities [...] The theory is that Swaminarayan is always manifest in the perfect disciples who have continued a line of succession from Gunatitanand."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+Swaminarayan+Hinduism&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1038043717&rft.isbn=978-1-108-42114-0&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Raymond+Brady&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1038043717&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShastriji+Maharaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raymond Williams (2017), <i>Williams on South Asian Religions and Immigration: Collected Works</i>: "A further development of the doctrine came with the teaching that akshar continually manifests on earth in the form of the perfect devotee. This implies a succession of persons who are the earthly manifestations of this divine principle. Gunatitanand Swami was the first in this spiritual lineage."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusana2016" class="citation book cs1">Musana, Paddy (2016). "Swaminarayan Hinduism in Uganda and the Kampala temple". In Williams, Raymond Williams; Trivedi, Yogi (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/948338914"><i>Swaminarayan Hinduism: tradition, adaptation and identity</i></a> (1st ed.). New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-908657-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-908657-3"><bdi>978-0-19-908657-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/948338914">948338914</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Swaminarayan+Hinduism+in+Uganda+and+the+Kampala+temple&rft.btitle=Swaminarayan+Hinduism%3A+tradition%2C+adaptation+and+identity&rft.place=New+Delhi%2C+India&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F948338914&rft.isbn=978-0-19-908657-3&rft.aulast=Musana&rft.aufirst=Paddy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F948338914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShastriji+Maharaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-williams2001-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-williams2001_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams2001_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams2001_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams2001_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams2001_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams2001_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams2001_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams2001_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams2001_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams2001_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams2001_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams2001_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams2001_6-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams2001_6-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams2001_6-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams2001_6-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2001" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Raymond (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontosw0000will"><i>An Introduction to Swaminarayan Hinduism</i></a></span>. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65422-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65422-7"><bdi>978-0-521-65422-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Swaminarayan+Hinduism&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-521-65422-7&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontosw0000will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShastriji+Maharaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2009" class="citation journal cs1">Kim, Hanna (December 2009). "Public Engagement and Personal Desires: BAPS Swaminarayan Temples and their Contribution to the Discourses on Religion". <i>International Journal of Hindu Studies</i>. <b>13</b> (3). Springer: 357–390. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11407-010-9081-4">10.1007/s11407-010-9081-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4980801">4980801</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Hindu+Studies&rft.atitle=Public+Engagement+and+Personal+Desires%3A+BAPS+Swaminarayan+Temples+and+their+Contribution+to+the+Discourses+on+Religion&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=357-390&rft.date=2009-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11407-010-9081-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4980801%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Hanna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShastriji+Maharaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2008-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2008_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDave2008" class="citation book cs1">Dave, Kishore (2008). <i>Shastriji Maharaj</i>. Amdavad: Swaminarayan Aksharpith. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7526-129-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7526-129-7"><bdi>978-81-7526-129-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shastriji+Maharaj&rft.place=Amdavad&rft.pub=Swaminarayan+Aksharpith&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-7526-129-7&rft.aulast=Dave&rft.aufirst=Kishore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShastriji+Maharaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVivekjivandas1993" class="citation journal cs1">Vivekjivandas, Sadhu, ed. (September 1993). "Shastriji Maharaj". <i>Swaminarayan Bliss</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Swaminarayan+Bliss&rft.atitle=Shastriji+Maharaj&rft.date=1993-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShastriji+Maharaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVivekjivandas2010" class="citation journal cs1">Vivekjivandas, Sadhu, ed. (January 2010). "Shastriji Maharaj in the eyes of... Acharya Viharilalji Maharaj". <i>Swaminarayan Bliss</i>. Ahmedabad: Swaminarayan Aksharpith: 7–17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Swaminarayan+Bliss&rft.atitle=Shastriji+Maharaj+in+the+eyes+of...+Acharya+Viharilalji+Maharaj&rft.pages=7-17&rft.date=2010-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShastriji+Maharaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated238-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated238_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated238_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDave2011" class="citation book cs1">Dave, Harshadrai (2011). <i>Brahmaswarup Shri Pragji Bhakta: Life and Work</i>. Amdavad: Swaminarayan Aksharpith. pp. 238–241. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7526-425-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7526-425-0"><bdi>978-81-7526-425-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brahmaswarup+Shri+Pragji+Bhakta%3A+Life+and+Work&rft.place=Amdavad&rft.pages=238-241&rft.pub=Swaminarayan+Aksharpith&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-81-7526-425-0&rft.aulast=Dave&rft.aufirst=Harshadrai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShastriji+Maharaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1998" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, Raymond (1998). "Training Religious Specialists for a Transnational Hinduism: A Swaminarayan Sadhu Training Center". <i>Journal of the American Academy of Religion</i>. <b>66</b> (4): 841–862. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjaarel%2F66.4.841">10.1093/jaarel/66.4.841</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1466174">1466174</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Academy+of+Religion&rft.atitle=Training+Religious+Specialists+for+a+Transnational+Hinduism%3A+A+Swaminarayan+Sadhu+Training+Center&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=841-862&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjaarel%2F66.4.841&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1466174%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShastriji+Maharaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaghorneNorman_Cutler1996" class="citation book cs1">Waghorne, Joanne; Norman Cutler (1996). <i>Gods of flesh, gods of stone: the embodiment of divinity in India</i>. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89012-037-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89012-037-8"><bdi>978-0-89012-037-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gods+of+flesh%2C+gods+of+stone%3A+the+embodiment+of+divinity+in+India&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-89012-037-8&rft.aulast=Waghorne&rft.aufirst=Joanne&rft.au=Norman+Cutler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShastriji+Maharaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Swaminarayan_Sampradaya" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Swaminarayan_Sampradaya" title="Template:Swaminarayan Sampradaya"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Swaminarayan_Sampradaya" title="Template talk:Swaminarayan Sampradaya"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swaminarayan_Sampradaya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swaminarayan Sampradaya"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Swaminarayan_Sampradaya" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Sampradaya" title="Swaminarayan Sampradaya">Swaminarayan Sampradaya</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5BC85;">Major Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laxmi_Narayan_Dev_Gadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Laxmi Narayan Dev Gadi">Laxmi Narayan Dev Gadi (Vadtal Diocese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nar_Narayan_Dev_Gadi" title="Nar Narayan Dev Gadi">Nar Narayan Dev Gadi (Ahmedabad Diocese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochasanwasi_Akshar_Purushottam_Swaminarayan_Sanstha" title="Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha">BAPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Mandir_Vasna_Sanstha" title="Swaminarayan Mandir Vasna Sanstha">SMVS</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhagwan_Swaminarayan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bhagwan_Swaminarayan.png/70px-Bhagwan_Swaminarayan.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bhagwan_Swaminarayan.png/105px-Bhagwan_Swaminarayan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bhagwan_Swaminarayan.png/140px-Bhagwan_Swaminarayan.png 2x" data-file-width="204" data-file-height="253" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5BC85;">Major figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunatitanand_Swami" title="Gunatitanand Swami">Gunatitanand Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muktanand_Swami" title="Muktanand Swami">Muktanand Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmanand_Swami" title="Brahmanand Swami">Brahmanand Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premanand_Swami" title="Premanand Swami">Premanand Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalanand_Swami" title="Gopalanand Swami">Gopalanand Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishkulanand_Swami" title="Nishkulanand Swami">Nishkulanand Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nityanand_Swami_(Paramhansa)" title="Nityanand Swami (Paramhansa)">Nityanand Swami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5BC85;">Scriptures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vachanamrut" title="Vachanamrut">Vachanamrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikshapatri" title="Shikshapatri">Shikshapatri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsangi_Jeevan" class="mw-redirect" title="Satsangi Jeevan">Satsangi Jeevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamini_Vato" title="Swamini Vato">Swamini Vato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5BC85;">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Jayanti" title="Swaminarayan Jayanti">Swaminarayan Jayanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bochasanwasi_Akshar_Purushottam_Swaminarayan_Sanstha" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BAPS" title="Template:BAPS"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BAPS" title="Template talk:BAPS"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAPS" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAPS"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bochasanwasi_Akshar_Purushottam_Swaminarayan_Sanstha" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bochasanwasi_Akshar_Purushottam_Swaminarayan_Sanstha" title="Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha">Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5BC85;">Temples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5BC77;">Monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akshar_Deri" title="Akshar Deri">Akshar Deri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5BC77;">Temples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BAPS_Shri_Swaminarayan_Mandir_Abu_Dhabi" class="mw-redirect" title="BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAPS_Shri_Swaminarayan_Mandir_Atlanta" title="BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAPS_Shri_Swaminarayan_Mandir_Chicago" title="BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Akshardham_(Delhi)" title="Swaminarayan Akshardham (Delhi)">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Akshardham_(Gandhinagar)" title="Swaminarayan Akshardham (Gandhinagar)">Gandhinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAPS_Shri_Swaminarayan_Mandir_Houston" title="BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAPS_Shri_Swaminarayan_Mandir_London" title="BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAPS_Shri_Swaminarayan_Mandir_Chino_Hills" title="BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Chino Hills"> Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAPS_Shri_Swaminarayan_Mandir_Nairobi" title="BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Nairobi">Nairobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Akshardham_(New_Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaminarayan Akshardham (New Jersey)">Robbinsville (New Jersey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAPS_Shri_Swaminarayan_Mandir_Toronto" title="BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Toronto">Toronto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5BC85;">Spiritual Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunatitanand_Swami" title="Gunatitanand Swami">Gunatitanand Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagatji_Maharaj" title="Bhagatji Maharaj">Bhagatji Maharaj</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shastriji Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogiji_Maharaj" title="Yogiji Maharaj">Yogiji Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramukh_Swami_Maharaj" title="Pramukh Swami Maharaj">Pramukh Swami Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahant_Swami_Maharaj" title="Mahant Swami Maharaj">Mahant Swami Maharaj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5BC85;">Scriptures and philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akshar-Purushottam_Darshan" class="mw-redirect" title="Akshar-Purushottam Darshan">Akshar-Purushottam Darshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vachanamrut" title="Vachanamrut">Vachanamrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikshapatri" title="Shikshapatri">Shikshapatri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamini_Vato" title="Swamini Vato">Swamini Vato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Gita" title="Yogi Gita">Yogi Gita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#F5BC85;">Associate Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BAPS_Charities" title="BAPS Charities">BAPS Charities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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