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href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Mammoeten" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Mammoeten" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Mammoeten" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Verschillende_soorten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verschillende_soorten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Verschillende soorten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verschillende_soorten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolutie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolutie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Evolutie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolutie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ontdekking_en_naam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ontdekking_en_naam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ontdekking en naam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontdekking_en_naam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leefgebied" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leefgebied"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Leefgebied</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leefgebied-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uitgestorven" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uitgestorven"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uitgestorven</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uitgestorven-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bijzondere_vondsten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bijzondere_vondsten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bijzondere vondsten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bijzondere_vondsten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mammoeten_in_Nederland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mammoeten_in_Nederland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Mammoeten in Nederland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mammoeten_in_Nederland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mammoeten</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 112 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">112 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%8B%D2%AD%D3%99" title="Асланбыҭә – Abchazisch" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Асланбыҭә" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abchazisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammoet" title="Mammoet – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mammoet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammuts" title="Mammuts – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mammuts" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Торос – Zuid-Altaïsch" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Торос" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Zuid-Altaïsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%80%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B0_%E1%88%98%E1%88%AC%E1%89%B5" title="ቀንደ መሬት – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቀንደ መሬት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AB" title="ماموث – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماموث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AB" title="ماموث – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماموث" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammuthus" title="Mammuthus – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mammuthus" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melmakol_(Mammuthus)" title="Melmakol (Mammuthus) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Melmakol (Mammuthus)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamont" title="Mamont – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mamont" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мамонттар – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мамонттар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Маманты – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Маманты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Маманты – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Маманты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Мамути – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мамути" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A5" title="ম্যামথ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ম্যামথ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammout" title="Mammout – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mammout" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mamut" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Арсалан заан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Арсалан заан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mamut" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2ng-m%C3%B2%CC%A4-chi%C3%B4ng" title="Dòng-mò̤-chiông – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dòng-mò̤-chiông" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammuthus" title="Mammuthus – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mammuthus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mamut" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Мамонтсем – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мамонтсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamoth" title="Mamoth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mamoth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammut" title="Mammut – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mammut" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammute" title="Mammute – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mammute" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B8" title="Μαμούθ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαμούθ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammoth" title="Mammoth – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mammoth" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamuto" title="Mamuto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mamuto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammuthus" title="Mammuthus – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mammuthus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammut" title="Mammut – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mammut" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mamut" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA" title="ماموت – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماموت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="aanbevolen artikel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammutit" title="Mammutit – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mammutit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Mamut" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammutur" title="Mammutur – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mammutur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammouth" title="Mammouth – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mammouth" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamuuten" title="Mamuuten – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mamuuten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammoeten" title="Mammoeten – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mammoeten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamat" title="Mamat – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mamat" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamot" title="Mamot – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mamot" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mamut" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%94" title="ממותה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממותה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A5" title="मैमथ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैमथ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamuti" title="Mamuti – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mamuti" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mamut" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BF" title="Մամոնտ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մամոնտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammuthus" title="Mammuthus – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mammuthus" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mamut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%E1%B8%B7igvak" title="Kiḷigvak – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Kiḷigvak" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamuto" title="Mamuto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mamuto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%C3%B0f%C3%ADll" title="Loðfíll – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Loðfíll" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammuthus" title="Mammuthus – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mammuthus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A2%E3%82%B9" title="マンモス – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マンモス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mamut" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="მამონტი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მამონტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мамонттар – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мамонттар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮ್ಯಾಮತ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮ್ಯಾಮತ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%A4%EB%A8%B8%EB%93%9C" title="매머드 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="매머드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BA%C3%B6%D1%80" title="Мукöр – Komi-Permjaaks" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Мукöр" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permjaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam%C3%BBt" title="Mamût – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mamût" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamoth" title="Mamoth – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mamoth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Мамонт – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мамонт" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammuthus" title="Mammuthus – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mammuthus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mamut" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammut" title="Mammut – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mammut" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ຊ້າງຂົນຍາວ – Laotiaans" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຊ້າງຂົນຍາວ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laotiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamutas" title="Mamutas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mamutas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamuti" title="Mamuti – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mamuti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82" title="Мамут – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мамут" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="മാമത്ത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാമത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Арслан заан – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Арслан заан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamot" title="Mamot – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mamot" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="မမ္မတ်ဆင်ကြီး – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မမ္မတ်ဆင်ကြီး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA" title="ماموت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ماموت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A5" title="म्यामथ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="म्यामथ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammut" title="Mammut – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mammut" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammuter" title="Mammuter – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mammuter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamot" title="Mamot – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mamot" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mamut" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%AA%DA%BE" title="میمتھ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میمتھ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA" title="ماموت – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ماموت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamute" title="Mamute – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mamute" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mamut" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mamut" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Мамонты – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мамонты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammuth" title="Mammuth – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mammuth" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammoth" title="Mammoth – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mammoth" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mamut" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92" title="මැමත් අලි – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මැමත් අලි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammoth" title="Mammoth – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mammoth" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mamut" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mamut" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamuthi" title="Mamuthi – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mamuthi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82" title="Мамут – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мамут" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammute" title="Mammute – Saterfries" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Mammute" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammutar" title="Mammutar – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mammutar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D" title="மாமூத் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாமூத்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%98" title="ช้างแมมมอธ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ช้างแมมมอธ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammuthus" title="Mammuthus – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mammuthus" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamut" title="Mamut – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mamut" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82" title="Мамут – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мамут" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%AA%DA%BE" title="میمتھ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میمتھ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamont" title="Mamont – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mamont" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voi_ma_m%C3%BAt" title="Voi ma mút – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Voi ma mút" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammuthus" title="Mammuthus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mammuthus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" 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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#f5d0d6; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;"><big>Mammoeten</big><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Beschermingsstatus" title="Beschermingsstatus">Status</a>: <span style="color: slateblue">Uitgestorven </span></small><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Fossiel" title="Fossiel">Fossiel</a> voorkomen: <a href="/wiki/Plioceen" title="Plioceen">Laat Plioceen</a> - <a href="/wiki/Holoceen" title="Holoceen">Vroeg Holoceen</a></small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Mammouth.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Mammouth.png/266px-Mammouth.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Mammouth.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="245" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0; font-size:85%"><i>Mammuthus</i> sp. </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #f5d0d6; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomie_(biologie)" title="Taxonomie (biologie)">Taxonomische indeling</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table style="margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Rijk_(biologie)" title="Rijk (biologie)">Rijk</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Dieren_(biologie)" title="Dieren (biologie)">Animalia</a> (Dieren)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Stam_(biologie)" title="Stam (biologie)">Stam</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Chordadieren" title="Chordadieren">Chordata</a> (Chordadieren)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Klasse_(biologie)" title="Klasse (biologie)">Klasse</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Zoogdieren" title="Zoogdieren">Mammalia</a> (Zoogdieren)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Orde_(biologie)" title="Orde (biologie)">Orde</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Slurfdieren" title="Slurfdieren">Proboscidea</a> (Slurfdieren)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Familie_(biologie)" title="Familie (biologie)">Familie</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Elephantidae" title="Elephantidae">Elephantidae</a> (Olifanten)</td></tr> <tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #f5d0d6; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Geslacht_(biologie)" title="Geslacht (biologie)">Geslacht</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center"><i><b>Mammuthus</b></i><br /><small>Brookes</small><small>, 1828</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #f5d0d6; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Typesoort" title="Typesoort">Typesoort</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center; font-size:85%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Wolharige_mammoet" title="Wolharige mammoet">Mammuthus primigenius</a></i> (Blumenbach, 1799) </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" style="padding:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Mammoth_tooth_mg_2787.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mammoth_tooth_mg_2787.jpg/266px-Mammoth_tooth_mg_2787.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mammoth_tooth_mg_2787.jpg/399px-Mammoth_tooth_mg_2787.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mammoth_tooth_mg_2787.jpg/532px-Mammoth_tooth_mg_2787.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3667" data-file-height="2447" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2" style="font-size:85%">Mammoetkies </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" style="padding:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Mammoetonderkaak_museum_Boerhave_december_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Mammoetonderkaak_museum_Boerhave_december_2003.jpg/266px-Mammoetonderkaak_museum_Boerhave_december_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Mammoetonderkaak_museum_Boerhave_december_2003.jpg/399px-Mammoetonderkaak_museum_Boerhave_december_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Mammoetonderkaak_museum_Boerhave_december_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="432" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2" style="font-size:85%">Mammoetonderkaak - <a href="/wiki/Rijksmuseum_Boerhaave" title="Rijksmuseum Boerhaave">Rijksmuseum Boerhaave</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" style="padding:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Mammuthus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Mammuthus.jpg/266px-Mammuthus.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Mammuthus.jpg/399px-Mammuthus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Mammuthus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="201" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2" style="font-size:85%">Lengtes van verschillende mammoeten in vergelijking met de <a href="/wiki/Mens" title="Mens">mens</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #f5d0d6; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;" colspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2"><small><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mammuthus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mammuthus">Afbeeldingen</a> op</small> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <small><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2"><small><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mammuthus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Mammuthus">Mammoeten</a> op</small> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/15px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/23px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/30px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> <small><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #f5d0d6; color:inherit;" colspan="2"> <table style="margin:0 auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Portaal  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Biologie" title="Portaal:Biologie">Biologie</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Zoogdieren" title="Portaal:Zoogdieren">Zoogdieren</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mammoeten</b> (<i>Mammuthus</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) zijn een <a href="/wiki/Geslacht_(biologie)" title="Geslacht (biologie)">geslacht</a> van <a href="/wiki/Uitsterven" title="Uitsterven">uitgestorven</a> <a href="/wiki/Olifanten" title="Olifanten">olifantachtigen</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verschillende_soorten">Verschillende soorten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammoeten&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verschillende soorten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammoeten&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verschillende soorten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Er hebben meerdere soorten mammoeten bestaan. Het zijn waarschijnlijk afstammelingen van een gezamenlijke <a href="/wiki/Voorouder" title="Voorouder">voorouder</a>. Doordat ze verschillende leefwijzen hadden, konden ze naast elkaar bestaan. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zuidelijke_olifant" title="Zuidelijke olifant">zuidelijke mammoet</a> (<i>Mammuthus meridionalis</i>) uit zuidelijk <a href="/wiki/Europa_(werelddeel)" title="Europa (werelddeel)">Europa</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppemammoet" title="Steppemammoet">steppemammoet</a> (<i>M. trogontherii</i>) uit Europa<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolharige_mammoet" title="Wolharige mammoet">wolharige mammoet</a> (<i>M. primigenius</i>) uit noordelijk Europa, <a href="/wiki/Azi%C3%AB" title="Azië">Azië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Noord-Amerika" title="Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardijnse_dwergmammoet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sardijnse dwergmammoet (de pagina bestaat niet)">Sardijnse dwergmammoet</a> (<i>M. lamarmorae</i>) uit <a href="/wiki/Sardini%C3%AB" title="Sardinië">Sardinië</a> (<a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keizersmammoet" title="Keizersmammoet">Keizersmammoet</a> (<i>M. imperator</i>) uit Noord-Amerika</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerikaanse_mammoet" title="Amerikaanse mammoet">Amerikaanse mammoet</a> (<i>M. columbi</i>) uit Noord- en <a href="/wiki/Midden-Amerika" title="Midden-Amerika">Midden-Amerika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kretenzische_mammoet" title="Kretenzische mammoet">Kretenzische mammoet</a> (<i>M. creticus</i>) uit <a href="/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta">Kreta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Griekenland" title="Griekenland">Griekenland</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>De wolharige mammoet is van deze soorten waarschijnlijk de bekendste. Hij leefde ongeveer vanaf 600.000 jaar geleden, in het <a href="/wiki/Pleistoceen" title="Pleistoceen">Pleistoceen</a>. Hij had een dikke vacht waarvan de haren soms tot aan de grond reikten. De oren waren klein (dertig centimeter) en ook bedekt met haren ter bescherming tegen de kou. Van de andere mammoetsoorten was alleen de <a href="/wiki/Steppemammoet" title="Steppemammoet">steppemammoet</a> dik behaard, de andere soorten leefden in veel warmere gebieden en waren dan ook vrijwel onbehaard, net als de huidige olifanten. Het lijkt er ook op dat de <a href="/wiki/Wolharige_mammoet" title="Wolharige mammoet">wolharige mammoet</a> een kortere levensduur had, ze werden hooguit vijfendertig jaar. De huidige <a href="/wiki/Olifanten" title="Olifanten">olifant</a> haalt makkelijk vijftig jaar. </p><p>Vaak wordt gedacht dat mammoeten immens groot waren, en 'mammoet' is in het <a href="/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands">Nederlands</a> een aanduiding voor 'gigantisch' geworden, bijvoorbeeld in '<a href="/wiki/Tanker" title="Tanker">mammoettanker</a>' of '<a href="/wiki/Mammoetwet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammoetwet">mammoetwet</a>'. Dit geldt zeker voor de grootste soorten, de <a href="/wiki/Keizersmammoet" title="Keizersmammoet">keizersmammoet</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Amerikaanse_mammoet" title="Amerikaanse mammoet">Amerikaanse mammoet</a> van Noord-Amerika, maar de andere mammoeten waren niet groter dan de hedendaagse <a href="/wiki/Aziatische_olifant" title="Aziatische olifant">Aziatische olifant</a>. Wel hadden ze gigantische <a href="/wiki/Slagtand" title="Slagtand">slagtanden</a>, bij stieren konden die wel vier meter lang zijn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolutie">Evolutie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammoeten&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Evolutie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammoeten&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Evolutie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volgens de nieuwste inzichten zouden de mammoeten zich ongeveer tussen 2,4 en 5,4 miljoen jaar geleden hebben afgesplitst van de voorouders van de <a href="/wiki/Aziatische_olifant" title="Aziatische olifant">Aziatische olifant</a>, terwijl hun gemeenschappelijke voorouder zich ongeveer tussen 4,2 en 9 miljoen jaar geleden afsplitste van de gemeenschappelijke voorouder met de Afrikaanse olifant.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dat betekent dus dat er in feite een nauwere verwantschap bestaat tussen de mammoet en de <a href="/wiki/Aziatische_olifant" title="Aziatische olifant">Aziatische olifant</a> dan tussen de Afrikaanse en de Aziatische olifant. </p><p>De mammoet - wetenschappelijke naam <i>Mammuthus</i> - moet niet worden verward met de <i>Mammut</i>, een andere familie van uitgestorven olifantachtigen, de <a href="/wiki/Mastodont" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastodont">mastodonten</a>. Deze familie splitste zich al bijna 30 miljoen jaar geleden af van die van de huidige olifanten en de mammoeten. De mastodont is dus niet bijzonder nauw verwant aan de mammoet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ontdekking_en_naam">Ontdekking en naam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammoeten&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ontdekking en naam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammoeten&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ontdekking en naam"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al eeuwenlang werd er in <a href="/wiki/Noord-Europa" title="Noord-Europa">Noord-Europa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a> en <a href="/wiki/Siberi%C3%AB" title="Siberië">Siberië</a> fossiel <a href="/wiki/Ivoor" title="Ivoor">ivoor</a> gevonden. In de 18e en 19e eeuw ontdekten Russische onderzoekers in Siberië diverse tamelijk goed bewaarde ingevroren <a href="/wiki/Lichaam_(biologie)" title="Lichaam (biologie)">lichamen</a> in de <a href="/wiki/Permafrost" title="Permafrost">permafrost</a>. Een buitengewoon volledig lichaam werd in 1901 gevonden aan de oevers van de rivier <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezovka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berezovka (de pagina bestaat niet)">Berezovka</a>. De <a href="/wiki/Jakoeten" title="Jakoeten">Jakoeten</a> (een Altaïsch, <a href="/wiki/Turks" title="Turks">Turkssprekend</a> volk) waren al eeuwenlang bekend met dergelijke resten en hadden daaraan de naam 'mamont' gegeven, hetgeen 'aardworm' betekent in hun taal. Zij dachten namelijk dat de in de grond gevonden, goed bewaarde ingevroren lichamen afkomstig waren van hun mythologische koning van de onderwereld <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erlik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erlik (de pagina bestaat niet)">Erlik</a>, de zoon van hun god <a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B6ktengri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Göktengri (de pagina bestaat niet)">Göktengri</a>. Volgens de legende zouden de mammoeten als straf gedwongen zijn te wonen in het ondergrondse rijk van Erlik en zouden ze bij een poging tot ontsnapping direct bevriezen op het moment dat ze de oppervlakte bereikten. In het Russisch heet het dier nog altijd 'mamont'. Via <a href="/wiki/Frankrijk" title="Frankrijk">Franse</a> publicaties raakte, door een spelfout, echter in <a href="/wiki/West-Europa" title="West-Europa">West-Europa</a> de vorm 'mammouth' verspreid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leefgebied">Leefgebied</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammoeten&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Leefgebied" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammoeten&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Leefgebied"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Omdat tijdens de ijstijden veel van het water in landijskappen was vastgelegd, waren veel <a href="/wiki/Zee" title="Zee">randzeeën</a> drooggevallen. Daardoor kon de wolharige mammoet zich verspreiden over grote delen van de wereld. De mammoeten hadden als woongebied <a href="/wiki/Toendra" title="Toendra">toendra</a>- en <a href="/wiki/Permafrost" title="Permafrost">permafrostgebieden</a> van noordelijk <a href="/wiki/Europa_(werelddeel)" title="Europa (werelddeel)">Europa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azi%C3%AB" title="Azië">Azië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Noord-Amerika" title="Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a>. </p><p>Net als bij vele andere bewoners van deze streken het geval was, zoals de <a href="/wiki/Wolharige_neushoorn" title="Wolharige neushoorn">wolharige neushoorn</a>, was het lichaam bedekt met een dichte en isolerende laag haar om het te beschermen tegen het koude klimaat. Het leefgebied was overigens volgens recentere inzichten wel koud maar niet zo koud dat er geen gras kon groeien, waarvan een mammoet naar schatting 180 kilogram per dag nodig had. Hij had sterke kiezen om de taaie, harde grassen op de <a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppen</a> te kunnen vermalen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uitgestorven">Uitgestorven</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammoeten&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Uitgestorven" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammoeten&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Uitgestorven"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De mammoet stierf circa 4000 jaar geleden uit. Over de redenen is veel discussie. Klimaatverandering speelde volgens onderzoek een grote rol, over de rol van de mens is discussie. </p><p>Een team van de universiteit van de Britse stad <a href="/wiki/Durham_(Engeland)" title="Durham (Engeland)">Durham</a> maakte een computersimulatie van het klimaat van de voorbije 42.000 jaar in Europa, Noord-Amerika en Azië.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ook bekeek het de invloed daarvan op levende wezens zoals mammoeten, de grote wolharige verwant van de olifant. De mammoeten waren tamelijk algemeen tijdens het laatste glaciaal (<a href="/wiki/Weichselien" title="Weichselien">Weichselien</a>) en kwamen toen bijna overal in Europa voor. Waar geen <a href="/wiki/IJskap" title="IJskap">ijskap</a> was, waren er toen de <a href="/wiki/Toendra" title="Toendra">toendra</a> en <a href="/wiki/Grasland" title="Grasland">grasland</a> zonder veel bomen. Door de geleidelijke opwarming trok de mammoet zich vanaf 14.000 jaar geleden terug tot Noord-Siberië, waar hij ongeveer 4000 jaar geleden uitstierf. </p><p>Lange tijd werd gedacht dat de prehistorische mens de hand had gehad in het uitsterven van de mammoet, maar dat is volgens de onderzoekers in Durham niet het geval. Door de opwarming moesten de grote graslanden plaats maken voor bomen en bossen, waar mammoeten moeilijker aan voedsel konden komen. </p><p>Het klimatologisch verschil tussen het op een-na-laatste glaciaal (<a href="/wiki/Saalien" title="Saalien">Saalien</a>) en het erop volgende <a href="/wiki/Eemien" title="Eemien">Eemien</a> was echter extremer dan bij de laatste overgang van het Weichselien naar het <a href="/wiki/Holoceen" title="Holoceen">Holoceen</a>. Het <a href="/wiki/Saalien" title="Saalien">Saalien</a> was kouder dan het Weichselien en het <a href="/wiki/Eemien" title="Eemien">Eemien</a> was warmer dan onze tijd. Het grasland nam toen sterker en sneller af, en het is daarom vreemd dat de mammoet niet toen al uitstierf. Omdat de mens tijdens het Weichselien een grotere rol speelde dan tijdens het Saalien, is het niet onaannemelijk dat de mens toch aan het uitsterven van de mammoet heeft bijgedragen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bijzondere_vondsten">Bijzondere vondsten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammoeten&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bijzondere vondsten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammoeten&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bijzondere vondsten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Mammuthus_hair.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Mammuthus_hair.JPG/260px-Mammuthus_hair.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Mammuthus_hair.JPG/390px-Mammuthus_hair.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Mammuthus_hair.JPG/520px-Mammuthus_hair.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Mammoetenhaar</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1993 rapporteerden Russische wetenschappers dat ze resten van mammoeten hadden gevonden op <a href="/wiki/Wrangel-eiland" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrangel-eiland">Wrangel-eiland</a>, ongeveer honderdveertig kilometer uit de Siberische kust, die <a href="/wiki/Datering" title="Datering">gedateerd</a> werden op 3700 jaar geleden (dus pas <a href="/wiki/18e_eeuw_v.Chr." title="18e eeuw v.Chr.">1700 jaar voor Christus</a>). </p><p>De mammoet zou dus 6000 jaar later zijn uitgestorven dan tot nu toe aangenomen. Deze vondst geeft steun aan de <a href="/wiki/Hypothese" title="Hypothese">hypothese</a> dat de mammoet uitstierf als gevolg van bejaging door de mens. </p><p>De op Wrangel gevonden mammoeten leken erg klein; hoewel aanvankelijk werd gerept van dwergmammoeten lijkt het er nu op dat het om vrouwtjesmammoeten gaat die, net als hedendaagse olifanten, na hun eerste dracht niet meer groeiden en beduidend kleiner bleven dan mannetjes. Overigens zijn van vele - ook hedendaagse - andere diersoorten kleinere ondersoorten bekend die op geïsoleerde eilanden leven. </p><p>In 1994 publiceerde <i><a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a></i> een artikel over een afbeelding van een mammoet in het Egyptische graf <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakh-Mara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rakh-Mara (de pagina bestaat niet)">Rakh-Mara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Het graf stamt uit de achttiende Egyptische dynastie (ca. 1500 tot 1300 v.Chr.). Als de afbeelding werd gemaakt naar het voorbeeld van een levende mammoet, zou dit betekenen dat de mammoet pas rond 1000 v.Chr. uitstierf. Maar de schrijvers achten het waarschijnlijker dat de tekenaar een reconstructie van het dier maakte aan de hand van botten. </p><p>Eind 2002 werd in de Siberische provincie <a href="/wiki/Jakoeti%C3%AB" title="Jakoetië">Jakoetië</a> de zogenoemde mammoet van Joekagir gevonden, een wolharige mammoet van 18.000 jaar oud. Eerder was er al ongeveer een dozijn mammoeten gevonden in <a href="/wiki/Siberi%C3%AB" title="Siberië">Siberië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, maar dit was een zeer goed bewaard gebleven exemplaar. Zo was de kop (op de slurf na) vrijwel intact.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ook trof men een complete poot en een <a href="/wiki/Maag" title="Maag">maag</a> met goed geconserveerde inhoud aan. In mei 2007 werd in het noorden van <a href="/wiki/Siberi%C3%AB" title="Siberië">Siberië</a> een babymammoet van 10.000 jaar oud ontdekt. Deze was zeer goed bewaard gebleven, zelfs de ogen waren nog intact. Er ontbrak alleen een klein stukje van de <a href="/wiki/Staart" title="Staart">staart</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In mei 2013 deden Russische wetenschappers een bijzondere vondst op de Ljachovski-eilanden, namelijk vloeibaar bloed en spierweefsel.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mammoeten_in_Nederland">Mammoeten in Nederland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammoeten&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Mammoeten in Nederland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammoeten&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Mammoeten in Nederland"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:WLANL_-_thedogg_-_Mammoet_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/WLANL_-_thedogg_-_Mammoet_%282%29.jpg/260px-WLANL_-_thedogg_-_Mammoet_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/WLANL_-_thedogg_-_Mammoet_%282%29.jpg/390px-WLANL_-_thedogg_-_Mammoet_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/WLANL_-_thedogg_-_Mammoet_%282%29.jpg/520px-WLANL_-_thedogg_-_Mammoet_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Opstelling van een mammoet in Naturalis te Leiden</figcaption></figure> <p>De grootste mammoetverzameling ter wereld, bestaande uit meer dan 10.000 botten, ligt in het museum <a href="/wiki/Naturalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalis">Naturalis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dat is te danken aan het feit dat de <a href="/wiki/Noordzee" title="Noordzee">Noordzee</a> met de daarin gelegen <a href="/wiki/Doggersbank" title="Doggersbank">Doggersbank</a> onder water kwam te staan. </p><p>Wat tegenwoordig de Noordzee is, was tijdens de laatste <a href="/wiki/IJstijdvak" title="IJstijdvak">ijstijd</a> een boven de zeespiegel liggende vlakte. Doordat veel water vastzat in immense land<a href="/wiki/IJskap" title="IJskap">ijskappen</a>, lag de zeespiegel zo'n 150 meter lager dan tegenwoordig. </p><p>Door het smelten van het ijs kwam deze vlakte uiteindelijk vrij snel onder water te staan. Het merendeel van de Zuidelijke Noordzee heeft tegenwoordig een diepte van veertig tot zeventig meter. Maar midden in de Noordzee ligt een groot gebied, de <a href="/wiki/Doggersbank" title="Doggersbank">Doggersbank</a>, hoger dan zijn omgeving, dat nu zo'n veertig meter onder de zeespiegel ligt. </p><p>Vissers die hun sleepnetten boven, of in de buurt van, de Doggersbank uitgooien, halen regelmatig botten naar boven. Een groot deel daarvan werd door hen voor onderzoek aan Naturalis overgedragen. Het feit dat soms grote concentraties van botten worden aangetroffen, kan verklaard worden uit het samenspoelen van grof materiaal in (relatieve) laagtes door de golfwerking van de zee. De omgeving van de Doggersbank lag lange tijd binnen het bereik van de normale golfwerking van de zee, en ligt mogelijk nu nog binnen het bereik van stormgolven. Doordat andere delen van de Noordzee lager waren, kwamen deze gebieden sneller buiten het bereik van de golfwerking waardoor deze concentratie niet kon optreden. Het feit dat van de Doggersbank (en andere banken) veel fossiele botten worden opgevist, betekent dus niet automatisch dat hier meer dieren geleefd zouden hebben (maar het is niet uit te sluiten). </p><p>In september 2009 werden bij het <a href="/wiki/Oranjekanaal_(Drenthe)" title="Oranjekanaal (Drenthe)">Oranjekanaal</a> nabij <a href="/wiki/Orvelte" title="Orvelte">Orvelte</a> resten van een mammoet gevonden. Het betrof een slagtand van een meter, een paar kiezen en botfragmenten. In de directe omgeving werden ook in 1991 al resten aangetroffen.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waarschijnlijk horen deze vondsten bij elkaar. De kaak die in 1991 werd gevonden miste namelijk twee kiezen en de twee in 2009 gevonden kiezen lijken daar precies in te passen.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ook paste een wervel gevonden in 2009 precies op de ribben die in 1991 waren gevonden. Men gaat ervan uit dat het hier resten van meerdere mammoeten betreft, waarschijnlijk een volwassen mannetje (46 jaar), een jong volwassen vrouwtje (15 jaar), en twee kalveren, een van ca. zes en een van één jaar oud. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammoeten&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammoeten&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_fossiele_zoogdieren" title="Lijst van fossiele zoogdieren">Lijst van fossiele zoogdieren</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <p><b>Literatuur</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws/buitenland/100818_mammoet_klimaat">http://www.deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws/buitenland/100818_mammoet_klimaat</a></li></ul> <p><b>Noten</b> </p> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=43266">Fossilworks: Mammuthus</a>. <i>www.fossilworks.org</i>. Geraadpleegd op 23-01-2023. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geologievannederland.nl/fossielen/zoogdieren/zuidelijke-mammoet">Zuidelijke mammoet</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111103200/http://www.geologievannederland.nl/fossielen/zoogdieren/zuidelijke-mammoet">Gearchiveerd</a> op 11 november 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geologievannederland.nl/fossielvondsten?show=map&groep=&naamnl=Zuidelijke+mammoet&naamws=&tijdvak=&plaats=&postcode=&lattitude=&longitude=&straal=999&locatie=#overzicht">Fossielvondsten zuidelijke mammoet in Nederland</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geologievannederland.nl/fossielen/zoogdieren/steppemammoet">Steppemammoet</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111103322/http://www.geologievannederland.nl/fossielen/zoogdieren/steppemammoet">Gearchiveerd</a> op 11 november 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geologievannederland.nl/fossielvondsten?show=map&groep=&naamnl=Steppemammoet&naamws=&tijdvak=&plaats=&postcode=&lattitude=&longitude=&straal=999&locatie=&order=naamws_0#overzicht">Fossielvondsten steppemammoet in Nederland</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dekennisvannu.nl/site/artikel/De-minimammoet-van-Kreta/2390">De minimammoet van Kreta, Kennisvannu.nl, 19 april 2006</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220927200804/https://dekennisvannu.nl/site/artikel/De-minimammoet-van-Kreta/2390">Gearchiveerd</a> op 27 september 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFRohland,_N.2010"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Rohland, N.</span>, <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Reich, D., Mallick, S., Meyer, M., Green, R.E., Georgiadis, N.J., Roca, A.L., Hofreiter, M.</span> (2010). <cite>Genomic DNA Sequences from Mastodon and Woolly Mammoth Reveal Deep Speciation of Forest and Savanna Elephants</cite>. <i><a href="/wiki/PLoS" class="mw-redirect" title="PLoS">PLoS</a> Biol</i> <b>8</b> (12): e1000564. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/1544-9173">1544-9173</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000564">10.1371/journal.pbio.1000564</a>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/earthnews/7950058/Woolly-mammoth-killed-off-by-climate-change.html">Woolly mammoth killed off by climate change</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a></i>, 18 augustus 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125090654/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/earthnews/7950058/Woolly-mammoth-killed-off-by-climate-change.html">Gearchiveerd</a> op 25 januari 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Rosen, Mammoths in ancient Egypt? Nature 369:364, 2 June 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geo.auth.gr/12icbs/proceedings/mol_et_al.pdf">THE YUKAGIR MAMMOTH: BRIEF HISTORY, 14C DATES, INDIVIDUAL AGE, GENDER, SIZE, PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND STORAGE</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230820145853/http://www.geo.auth.gr/12icbs/proceedings/mol_et_al.pdf">Gearchiveerd</a> op 20 augustus 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180317005758/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2009/05/mammoths/mueller-text">National Geographic</a> Ice Baby, Tom Mueller, Ice Baby National Geographic, mei 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.s-vfu.ru/en/news/detail.php?SECTION_ID=&ELEMENT_ID=12458">Sensational discovery: NEFU scientists have discovered a female mammoth</a>, North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk, 29 mei 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230908173250/https://www.s-vfu.ru/en/news/detail.php?SECTION_ID=&ELEMENT_ID=12458">Gearchiveerd</a> op 8 september 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Naturalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalis">Naturalis</a>, <i>s Werelds grootste verzameling mammoetbotten</i>, via: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129195722/https://www.naturalis.nl/nl/kennis/collectie/Verhalen-uit-Naturalis/mammoet-collectie/">naturalis.nl</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rtvdrenthe.nl/nieuws/39807/De-mammoeten-van-Orvelte">De mammoeten van Orvelte</a>, <a href="/wiki/RTV_Drenthe" title="RTV Drenthe">RTV Drenthe</a>, 28 september 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trouw.nl/nieuws/nederland/article2872957.ece/Resten_mammoet_gevonden_in_Drenthe.html">Trouw</a> <i>Resten mammoet gevonden in Drenthe</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject wiktionary mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/mammoet" class="extiw" title="wikt:mammoet">WikiWoordenboek</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; 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