CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91359a92ef0bc90f',cH: 'YkxPsjR_98Z_ApmiBaUzLKR1jXmgkorsmzYTgpv3XuY-1739793487-1.2.1.1-C8TwgpBvqJ_RpzqrwZNnRATrYM_O9GobVSmQtfZfX1dBGx7HSWqfuS8vIZoQTPFi',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=anti-oppressive%20practice&__cf_chl_tk=TfRqrqYH2FOUuoPGxYvzuQymuv43GLfqL7Kl48gRZaw-1739793487-1.0.1.1-NS1Sy6GmRDJpPeyyDHjbla6vLmnTHJe4Lpn3hac6g1U",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739793487',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=anti-oppressive%20practice&__cf_chl_f_tk=TfRqrqYH2FOUuoPGxYvzuQymuv43GLfqL7Kl48gRZaw-1739793487-1.0.1.1-NS1Sy6GmRDJpPeyyDHjbla6vLmnTHJe4Lpn3hac6g1U",md: "3fa4clB0CX_K.Q1pYyAUVYBOw07PgBFT3im2.zZo1Pk-1739793487-1.2.1.1-JdwRRyII900FcLXX0itLlALa1sTwLQJ7UpRrvEIoW0MIei4xOcj6u_p.ffRg7RuBRV8DYaZVN3gq2afT6lCc1Mi71v9oPH7mfFFu5ll6rhHopIhLfjvbIXdxZ9PQQTr.bvSS9CWH72etA_t5qnPrRkNVHhPGEBP0CLkBXAIh6yQiul.VmhpZrYo3QCUOVQGE.cetdAzeuI_puP2105JPVpGvsUN41t2B3s3uDvQyZLlBf1NNKW6nuLkPgllM.An1T_gjvUW7JWHM33acTMURvcC0HcnMsg8Vp8t2pXuDtdrB7pHHnOCYmMV1DGgzZl_zKXxEoSPJwrdT_ReLPzjIjlc2ugHXUQ4xSi7MTW3Gw1oUcX9rfYqOYz7hFEyOXf0b3BDCRdtf0vbinSRFQ.wKUtut5V4DQRrQ05ITEtYYYtS61XTj1B4L84nKCl9_Pv_f5.mZi1conjG4eaglTLvtiiSd1Xu1yZKIZAAAfoByL5cphR_GTjLWn9RTZ6DCq7WF_ExCVfjzhzl7_rS_v4ibVqXf8HsyibpwkycFnj.mBT8WikIAvuYX55Psl1OSw9fvrPplKIFa7qP8JkuX6FSaqjYx6X2Dv6bHNTTKVpwL9_pfmMsWCXXJhXuV9DwBYkizCz1f73BScIqvPrO7jn966bPtTIAs2L9gYf.jiM7nJkLXf_fm0U6AxE20rBtr44992.49s6LfFN5Q.eC.j1NDt33RvIF33ROG4MmvA8KMKy3g8mpJubUGwzEvqHBEYK1uuU49GQrt0ZL6gy.0UQeOOC7ll3JTEe0PRZ.VDErVBPZXWMncIh6nPPBzw2TcMkF9r1WxF6_RfHbbfxRPPXyLJCv2jkR6aQWkpC7IDzHHE5asEsk_uGUmH01KsvOrppD_NscPjo4C.fEj8X64K8xjZH62Hk5HMOTunxSLUpQmYao5mYsVpsrzf9yHjajd7CYRI_8r4M37A3SA_Sxydi7YkI5JwIGt2_8yVNOV_YWo_CXDaCF1ku1rY459.S8.0dWXHyTc_RAYnqmA8vFfbEijrZBXCZ5wVRMcxLZuGN4B8AEUW_aQeWZQqiDIBdb99EjA0ibS7aoTbZlXRMR20nKOBO8C9D0ndkyCjlnq5kYUbqIkEoC4eDCznMXuAEhmik9vh3X_c8Do5d.YKpTbpfID.a1wN.u_1G0APKBHBdJWkoNn9XOfqllDn6DV3dIQGpx_0rcHQRxLtVb1asJ4Xg_TfVeKfl8KkAqj7l_2wqhp2mqSbqswfPBvPvoWesywEIxMNW9_MEGhEK56JziIYdAg.lOLwYMTGYQjiAEnxi1WQneqRgg_rxX05F_E9ecbDdT0vCSBgr0AYae3ks1ZnPI.QmlNirKX.CrAQ0FBuaFEZqtDOSsb37qad5M9KdAOMurxBf63gRjIR532zaoaiFfwH6DNiwKQk7OO9h24bDRESLzvin1MhLZvyf3HroStK1DQJgHVCghI6jzEv5WrtOiKYNtUa6Es25Ki0CPEVj71_Pjfoehj39ZCISuF6FC6P6IgfK1EjpSgTWTx0yLE6LtHcuI3BJM4O0acHzP4m3s88sukYQPnSMBnHStE1K6Ma6s0BuTd77gmWRK2MIDlVWV9TVZVFxFqQapx.e.54Y9bJTwXsnEYghVoODl.QFzK7y30Fw9rR9z0yc2hNEtFQcl9GJ.oFaWbVhmRFhrbTkEevdg3Gm1IhPlv6UHzDtHjQVIshNgJqSu9jBvcikr7ZERDIzcMIRqmM1BIHzCYBw26r5_fkpdP._CeCKIzDmAhlDAfmdyOJCdU8zBxB56ezR2YT2pPx20Pf.Zd6bwfl0279yVrLzjrefvIeKyZFbEr8FUdfbIXty6LcBfEfnWHTJr65KVALSCRe9tF2yOCDrpAyXUgiWD8uLwTSX.Rhi8.QUF45RGHqyj0yhY0AFS1JcnzZq5HJ5XMIGWpMePi3uqiHlL_OAAWj20kewOGcKrQdpd3",mdrd: "zmijLiNDi9DY3HAELiQg5QhKKj1jfJwvdhW54GOZk_o-1739793487-1.2.1.1-JLNp5TNQgBK8jHQBf_rJztAiHPX_NdjmoyAB18_vLrBNkWzpDVTuWA..sE1MfgNp0G3przwmqWbPYDVBdSpw6t7gTYvfIbP.0hSZdViVO4gLv5ug_YyXy4X4DBaeKPCX5Rpt6v2a.oH9MzMZ0n5NKY2ARHNak2DSfxNSBVNU.DkZ1tB2sDOxSitLhZdabnYJ7YG_JjuXyw_YTLH8k_mdvmOMim8RklCzrmJkTSpKo.V3hGWQRMTPDE6KJEF4ctnJCrA1baefE7unlYxECOAusSFuPXzFmk6C57gQfk9t5EHDkLGj0CEqD.VKb649oUfbhx9xt2qlvSKCHnL4sQDMO4_E7e8LzYrSqdH9A0pWpAuDseowHWh5tfDBs_sWBQNKTiPUj.8mdkTGzNSjGSX7PvX3IE7RCf_IzN4HdHCnlyaUjQ.ef7M6UvGU2zsdIu8yd44L8upNn_iJGTIKxDmjtTMHADllclpVop2a6SYzAeoE8K1Gk4j7QgTG1yX6bQ9K5rJfeA.R4ziJVtb7MzaDDD_zm0Oce7hweE5O9q0VO5d4BQAn4hbn3qHc791nVGZgNhV97j1jTUm_pYDcI5NTDa6zMLXwKTn0NmeiGXulw7rGYKSNbySbqq2MWeoeMOqzG7n5i88t25HDKLdvb1ej75i7CBQpts8YJxFzzdU52166sRMdl9mDK3cDKxe3nOhJVWMoqEoPT1sTpFS4Zdm9AKP8b5hLCDC0AVWJBSBhd8nlk4DcwGujNoDGg6jVxaXl.lUqJOEv.Q4rTebkynuRiknEGYZci61loLMV5rjVTv3ML91ver9ORdV5KZxTWa.QWLzL19DshfBn8NaOejvuhA9Zcsn2f1aU2s63aGjYP8M7SouWq5hA6Pqy1KPJ723GSDn2JfKIbdonzcSoPhjVb1lKtgZ6d90uQajz.h7QNzxrKXMaOT2Deke7OnS1igBD1A3koYwbkubuvcx_ny5gPqDiJrt5Pj_x96olhnTnE1kTxVIvne2ZppGZQEISxqBjSr8cSDQtSaEWrP2UeCDYKRW7qiirqNCa_6OlS57Ve_q35TxW_rVK4SZjeA9UqM3ai7gow1akjFuMszMgUoyYRgLom0J5Mb54S9JQSTws8qUg72I4aTe1zO1q3UBxuN6L9XPBbMRKdkKuP7.cXWlymOMduOmSA6A0qkjCMaIJoXW8xR2IMLe7s7JHs1mD1FBpm894R.hGFH.Ok8YkRxyauT65EITWa_pBUXSgyMKI7TBf3_amsN_LlgJ.NdQRfcr6mdUXfxq_GENxw3vywm_gx2irLwqkAD.6bw1vSGMxpAXbydZ33oR42JMKckk_GnRhlgNAZw8OoWwPnS5zKXT_pfVVKEi8UCHkTiM8BbLOZr8kI7A4VLTwp5Qk2R4iI605qrT_TbHGVpTG6uWFdqL2_wItDZ4JI6CLCkvgTCr5PTdq7SOwIHnjMlwXmHELH3UshazflI7uh16tEucZ3ruaczx11LOLDEjSyag2V4.j24Rn.1TB71JbJn6dke5hs9UmZHMF8T69xdvm_Czpkj7d8RUmThdz1PSg88o7NsOJG.FC3tzuka8zOV4j34xLl7G8VXKudh2dIXUyaNBVA55_tOXKIlhIW8QQpiOSKwO3W.DEHEUuCiZxPiKfs0uwciV0AL4oBco502r3OaTy57Fh755mkULr1R9F9Od1wpiPVA0.ctwYxdBIO0tM0ucDlF7hSR7ro5l9yx_JXWt1wISNnFcVQrS7kkbu2cVSA7cwkJXd3Lca48Ob1xUrPP_r5wdfcNCbLgJCQOBMs00.NW.kRGqGeploklRMkSfNGNC4pTr5I8H.SxOUr_.iBCCN.0_5oTrOCZdqiLbdnSxwQFOiOcGtBNcQ4dD7LJXFwOUxcQjWN.dUiWC8rkjmulAKriJp_UQ64Mh3vkHYRfPd5P7w1vP5l2m2aeZtYvCbaj5sDtfjSpvM6hkVM.5i.e2vkxD7"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91359a92ef0bc90f';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=anti-oppressive%20practice&__cf_chl_rt_tk=TfRqrqYH2FOUuoPGxYvzuQymuv43GLfqL7Kl48gRZaw-1739793487-1.0.1.1-NS1Sy6GmRDJpPeyyDHjbla6vLmnTHJe4Lpn3hac6g1U" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>