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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>The SOBSI and Guided Democracy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_SOBSI_and_Guided_Democracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Contemporary Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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.sidebar-list-title{background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .template-anarchism-sidebar .sidebar-below{text-align:center;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .template-anarchism-sidebar .sidebar-subgroup .sidebar-heading{border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist template-anarchism-sidebar"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism" title="Category:Anarchism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anarchy-symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Circle-A" anarchy symbol"><img alt=""Circle-A" anarchy symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anarchy-symbol.svg/75px-Anarchy-symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anarchy-symbol.svg/113px-Anarchy-symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anarchy-symbol.svg/150px-Anarchy-symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_anarchism" title="Glossary of anarchism">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_anarchism" title="History of anarchism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Outline</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_schools_of_thought" title="Category:Anarchist schools of thought">Schools of thought</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Primitivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_liberation" title="Total liberation">Total liberation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egoist_anarchism" title="Egoist anarchism">Egoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anarchism" title="Philosophical anarchism">Philosophical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parecon" class="mw-redirect" title="Parecon">Parecon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Communist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magonism" title="Magonism">Magonism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_without_adjectives" title="Anarchism without adjectives">Without adjectives</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Methodology</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter-economics" title="Counter-economics">Counter-economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegalism" title="Illegalism">Illegalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">Insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-pacifism" title="Anarcho-pacifism">Pacifist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_anarchy" title="Relationship anarchy">Relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Syndicalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">Synthesis</a></li></ul> </td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_theory" title="Category:Anarchist theory">Theory</a></li> <li>Practice</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">Anarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Black_Cross" title="Anarchist Black Cross">Anarchist Black Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_criminology" title="Anarchist criminology">Anarchist criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anationalism">Anationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Anti-militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_social_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous social center">Autonomous social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_bloc" title="Black bloc">Black bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classless_society" title="Classless society">Classless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">Consensus decision-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freethought" title="Freethought">Freethought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontalidad" title="Horizontalidad">Horizontalidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_law" title="Anarchist law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">Mutual aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Participatory politics">Participatory politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_autonomous_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent autonomous zone">Permanent autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefigurative_politics" title="Prefigurative politics">Prefigurative politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewilding_(anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewilding (anarchism)">Rewilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">Sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_culture" title="Security culture">Security culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociocracy" title="Sociocracy">Sociocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Somatherapy">Somatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_Autonomous_Zone" title="Temporary Autonomous Zone">Temporary autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchists" title="Category:Anarchists">People</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Alston" title="Ashanti Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Armand" title="Émile Armand">Armand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_Jin" title="Ba Jin">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bonanno" title="Alfredo Bonanno">Bonanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_Bourdin" title="Martial Bourdin">Bourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Kom%27boa_Ervin" title="Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Faure" title="Sébastien Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fauset_MacDonald" title="Thomas Fauset MacDonald">Fauset MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Feyerabend" title="Paul Feyerabend">Feyerabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severino_Di_Giovanni" title="Severino Di Giovanni">Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Prada" title="Manuel González Prada">González Prada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guillaume" title="James Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Zhen_(anarchist)" title="He Zhen (anarchist)">He-Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanno_Sugako" title="Kanno Sugako">Kanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dtoku_Sh%C5%ABsui" title="Kōtoku Shūsui">Kōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shifu" title="Liu Shifu">Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Flores Magón">Magón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorii_Maksimov" title="Grigorii Maksimov">Maksimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Mett" title="Ida Mett">Mett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Parsons" title="Lucy Parsons">Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Margall" title="Francesc Pi i Margall">Pi i Margall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Pouget" title="Émile Pouget">Pouget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiratsuka_Raich%C5%8D" title="Hiratsuka Raichō">Raichō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus" title="Élisée Reclus">Reclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Abad_de_Santill%C3%A1n" title="Diego Abad de Santillán">Santillán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Ward" title="Colin Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efim_Yarchuk" title="Efim Yarchuk">Yarchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Issues_in_anarchism" title="Category:Issues in anarchism">Issues</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_animal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_capitalism" title="Anarchism and capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_education" title="Anarchism and education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Love and sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_nationalism" title="Anarchism and nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_violence" title="Anarchism and violence">Violence</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_anarchism" title="History of anarchism">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Regional_Federation_of_the_IWA" title="Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA">Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Congress_(1872)" title="Hague Congress (1872)">Hague Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonal rebellion">Cantonal rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Thirty" title="Trial of the Thirty">Trial of the Thirty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrer_movement" title="Ferrer movement">Ferrer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandzha_Commune" title="Strandzha Commune">Strandzha Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Anarchist_Congress_of_Amsterdam" title="International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam">Congress of Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_Week_(Spain)" title="Tragic Week (Spain)">Tragic Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Treason_Incident" title="High Treason Incident">High Treason Incident</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Sixteen" title="Manifesto of the Sixteen">Manifesto of the Sixteen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution of 1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Bavarian Soviet Republic">Bavarian Soviet Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_United_States_anarchist_bombings" title="1919 United States anarchist bombings">1919 United States bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennio_Rosso" title="Biennio Rosso">Biennio Rosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt_rebellion" title="Kronstadt rebellion">Kronstadt rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amakasu_Incident" title="Amakasu Incident">Amakasu Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt_Llobregat_insurrection" title="Alt Llobregat insurrection">Alt Llobregat insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_insurrection_of_January_1933" title="Anarchist insurrection of January 1933">Anarchist insurrection of January 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_insurrection_of_December_1933" title="Anarchist insurrection of December 1933">Anarchist insurrection of December 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_May_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona May Days">Barcelona May Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_inverted_triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Red inverted triangle">Red inverted triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labadie_Collection" title="Labadie Collection">Labadie Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provo_(movement)" title="Provo (movement)">Provo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Sharpley_Library" title="Kate Sharpley Library">Kate Sharpley Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Against_Capital" title="Carnival Against Capital">Carnival Against Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests" title="1999 Seattle WTO protests">1999 Seattle WTO protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Really_Really_Free_Market" title="Really Really Free Market">Really Really Free Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_culture" title="Category:Anarchist culture">Culture</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_las_Barricadas" title="A las Barricadas">A las Barricadas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_bookfair" title="Anarchist bookfair">Anarchist bookfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_the_arts" title="Anarchism and the arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escuela_Moderna" class="mw-redirect" title="Escuela Moderna">Escuela Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infoshop" title="Infoshop">Infoshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Media_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Media Center">Independent Media Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle anarchism">Lifestylism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_gods,_no_masters" class="mw-redirect" title="No gods, no masters">No gods, no masters</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_education" title="Popular education">Popular education</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">Property is theft!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_cheerleading" title="Radical cheerleading">Radical cheerleading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_environmentalism" title="Radical environmentalism">Radical environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_center" title="Self-managed social center">Self-managed social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_symbolism" title="Anarchist symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_economics" title="Category:Anarchist economics">Economics</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_the_limit_of_price" title="Cost the limit of price">Cost the limit of price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planned economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give-away_shop" title="Give-away shop">Give-away shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_bank" title="Mutual bank">Mutual bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_credit" title="Mutual credit">Mutual credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_movements_by_region" title="List of anarchist movements by region">By region</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Africa" title="Anarchism in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Albania" title="Anarchism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Algeria" title="Anarchism in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Andorra" title="Anarchism in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Argentina" title="Anarchism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Armenia" title="Anarchism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Austria" title="Anarchism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anarchism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bangladesh" title="Anarchism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belarus" title="Anarchism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belgium" title="Anarchism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bolivia" title="Anarchism in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Anarchism in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Brazil" title="Anarchism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bulgaria" title="Anarchism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Canada" title="Anarchism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Chile" title="Anarchism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Colombia" title="Anarchism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Anarchism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Croatia" title="Anarchism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cuba" title="Anarchism in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cyprus" title="Anarchism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Denmark" title="Anarchism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ecuador" title="Anarchism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Egypt" title="Anarchism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_El_Salvador" title="Anarchism in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Estonia" title="Anarchism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Finland" title="Anarchism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_France" title="Anarchism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_French_Guiana" title="Anarchism in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Georgia" title="Anarchism in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Germany" title="Anarchism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Greece" title="Anarchism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Guatemala" title="Anarchism in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Anarchism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hungary" title="Anarchism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iceland" title="Anarchism in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_India" title="Anarchism in India">India</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iran" title="Anarchism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ireland" title="Anarchism in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Israel" title="Anarchism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Italy" title="Anarchism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Japan" title="Anarchism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Korea" title="Anarchism in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Latvia" title="Anarchism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mexico" title="Anarchism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Monaco" title="Anarchism in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mongolia" title="Anarchism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Morocco" title="Anarchism in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Anarchism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_New_Zealand" title="Anarchism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nicaragua" title="Anarchism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nigeria" title="Anarchism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Norway" title="Anarchism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Panama" title="Anarchism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Paraguay" title="Anarchism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Peru" title="Anarchism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Philippines" title="Anarchism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Poland" title="Anarchism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Portugal" title="Anarchism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Anarchism in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Romania" title="Anarchism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Serbia" title="Anarchism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Singapore" title="Anarchism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_South_Africa" title="Anarchism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Sweden" title="Anarchism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Switzerland" title="Anarchism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Syria" title="Anarchism in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Taiwan" title="Anarchism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Timor-Leste" title="Anarchism in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Tunisia" title="Anarchism in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Turkey" title="Anarchism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ukraine" title="Anarchism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anarchism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Uruguay" title="Anarchism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Venezuela" title="Anarchism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Vietnam" title="Anarchism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Lists</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarcho-punk_bands" title="List of anarcho-punk bands">Anarcho-punk bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_anarchism" title="List of books about anarchism">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_anarchists" title="List of fictional anarchists">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_anarchists" title="List of Jewish anarchists">Jewish anarchists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_musicians" title="List of anarchist musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_periodicals" title="List of anarchist periodicals">Periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Related topics</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corporate_activism" title="Anti-corporate activism">Anti-corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism" title="Definition of anarchism and libertarianism">Definition of anarchism and libertarianism</a></li> <li><a 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title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BlackFlagSymbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/15px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/23px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/30px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/15px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/23px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/30px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anarchism_sidebar" title="Template:Anarchism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anarchism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Anarchism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anarchism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anarchism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Anarchism in Indonesia</b> has its roots in the anti-colonial struggle against the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Empire">Dutch Empire</a>. It became an organized movement at the behest of Chinese anarchist immigrants, who played a key part in the development of the workers' movement in the country. The anarchist movement was suppressed, first by the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies</a>, then by the successive regimes of <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a>, before finally re-emerging in the 1990s. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dutch_East_Indies">Dutch East Indies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dutch East Indies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douwes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Douwes.jpg/170px-Douwes.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Douwes.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Douwes_Dekker" title="Ernest Douwes Dekker">Ernest Douwes Dekker</a>, an early leader of the Indonesian anti-colonialist movement and one of the country's first anarchists.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first evidence of anarchism in the Dutch East Indies was present in the <a href="/wiki/Anti-colonial" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-colonial">anti-colonial</a> writings of <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Douwes_Dekker" class="mw-redirect" title="Eduard Douwes Dekker">Eduard Douwes Dekker</a>, who denounced the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch colonial administration</a> over Indonesia, raising public awareness of the brutality inflicted against the Indonesian people. His works, including the well-known satirical novel <i><a href="/wiki/Max_Havelaar" title="Max Havelaar">Max Havelaar</a></i>, were particularly influential among early Dutch anarchist circles.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His grandnephew <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Douwes_Dekker" title="Ernest Douwes Dekker">Ernest Douwes Dekker</a> became a leading figure in the Indonesian anti-colonialist movement during the early 20th century. Ernest established contact with other radical anti-colonial activists, including the Indian anarchists <a href="/wiki/Shyamji_Krishna_Varma" title="Shyamji Krishna Varma">Shyamji Krishna Varma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Har_Dayal" title="Har Dayal">Har Dayal</a>, whose work was published in Dekker's publication <i>Het Tijdschrift.</i> Dekker aligned himself against <a href="/wiki/Parliamentarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentarism">parliamentarism</a>, due to the suppression of workers' rights that was carried out systematically by European parliaments. He also advocated for both violent and non-violent means of resisting colonialism, which he believed was a moral duty, and was sympathetic to the revolutionary strategy of <a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">syndicalism</a>, as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">reformism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dekker was widely considered to be an anarchist himself and was the first native Indonesian to be known as such.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later went on to found the <a href="/wiki/Indische_Party" title="Indische Party">Indische Party</a>, one of the first political organizations established during the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Awakening" title="Indonesian National Awakening">Indonesian National Awakening</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_organized_anarchist_movement">The organized anarchist movement</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The organized anarchist movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dutch <a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchists" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian anarchists">Christian anarchists</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Lodewijk_Willem_van_Mierop" title="Dirk Lodewijk Willem van Mierop">Dirk Lodewijk Willem van Mierop</a>, conducted propaganda work in the Dutch East Indies - publishing the periodical <i>Levenskracht</i>, which advocated for <a href="/wiki/Non-violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-violence">non-violence</a>, natural living and <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarianism</a>. While agitating in the Dutch East Indies, van Mierop even established a local branch of the Union of Religious Anarcho-Communists.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_anarchists" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese anarchists">Chinese anarchists</a> also conducted propaganda work there, with <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Ji_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhang Ji (Republic of China)">Zhang Ji</a> traveling to <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> in 1907, where he translated a book on the history of Chinese resistance to Dutch Colonial rule.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1909, Chinese reading houses began to open around Indonesia, being a means of political education and organization for those resisting both Dutch colonial and Chinese imperial rule.<sup id="cite_ref-Claver_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Claver-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">1911 Revolution</a> overthrew the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, Chinese anarchists remaining in Indonesia channeled their efforts into the <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">labour movement</a>, organizing the country's first workers' organizations in <a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kupang" title="Kupang">Kupang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarchist cells began to arise between 1914 and 1916, distributing <a href="/wiki/Liu_Shifu" title="Liu Shifu">Liu Shifu</a>'s newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Huiminglu" title="Huiminglu">Minsheng</a></i> among the populace.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indonesian <a href="/wiki/Trade_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade unions">trade unions</a> also began to emerge around that time, many of them influenced by <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>. They were particularly active in organizing within the ranks of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_East_Indies_Army" title="Royal Netherlands East Indies Army">Royal Netherlands East Indies Army</a>, establishing a soldiers' and sailors' union that coordinated resistance during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. On 7 May 1916, anarchist sailors in <a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a> organized a <a href="/wiki/Wildcat_strike" title="Wildcat strike">wildcat strike</a> (without the union's approval) against their poor living and working conditions, coming into direct conflict with the military police. In the subsequent repression, 5 people were injured, 47 sailors were dismissed and one of the principle organizers was imprisoned for 8 months.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The union leadership criticized the local branch for its lack of opposition to the strike,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Workers%27_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Social Democratic Workers' Party (Netherlands)">SDAP</a> leadership declared it necessary to combat the "anarchist elements" within the union,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the army's high command called for unions to be separated from the armed forces entirely.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the war ended in 1918, anarchist groups began to grow larger, publishing newspapers with a broad reach throughout the country. Liu Shixin formed the "Society of Truth" group to distribute anarchist propaganda throughout the archipelago,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> publishing the <i>Soematra Po</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Claver_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Claver-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Medan" title="Medan">Medan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yong15_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yong15-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but eventually Liu's activity came to the attention of the police, who arrested the group in March 1919,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> labelling Liu and his comrades "<a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bushiwei</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liu Shixin was subsequently deported to <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">China</a>, for his role in propagating anarcho-communist propaganda.<sup id="cite_ref-Yong15_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yong15-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1919, the Workers' Union was established by anarchists in Surabaya, growing to include branches in other cities.<sup id="cite_ref-Foreign_Office_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreign_Office-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Union published the anarcho-communist publication <i>Zhenli Bao</i> in <a href="/wiki/Semarang" title="Semarang">Semarang</a>, edited by Bai Binzhou and Wang Yuting.<sup id="cite_ref-Yong19_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yong19-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1919, Binzhou and Yuting were both arrested and deported to <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yong19_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yong19-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the 1920s, anarchist organizations organized plantation workers, with attacks against Dutch administrators coming alongside,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> causing many problems for the Dutch authorities, which carried out extensive searches and property seizures, confiscating any documents they found.<sup id="cite_ref-Foreign_Office_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foreign_Office-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarchists organized strikes against the <a href="/wiki/Deli_Railway_Company" title="Deli Railway Company">Deli Railway Company</a>, reaching their peak in September 1920, when over 15,000 railway workers joined the strike for an increased salary.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When some strikers called for reprisals against Dutch officials,<sup id="cite_ref-Yong17_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yong17-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the armed forces were brought in to break the strike and cannons were aimed at a local workers' assembly, resulting in the arrest of hundreds of workers.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch authorities exiled Zhang Shimei, one of the main organizers of the strike, to <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands New Guinea">New Guinea</a>, later deporting him to <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yong17_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yong17-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although syndicalist unions continued to operate into the late 1920s, the Chinese anarchist movement in Indonesia was largely suppressed by 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_League_against_Imperialism">The League against Imperialism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The League against Imperialism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reproductie_van_een_foto_uit_een_publicatie_Titel_De_oprichters_der_Perhimpoen,_Bestanddeelnr_8821.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Reproductie_van_een_foto_uit_een_publicatie_Titel_De_oprichters_der_Perhimpoen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_8821.jpg/220px-Reproductie_van_een_foto_uit_een_publicatie_Titel_De_oprichters_der_Perhimpoen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_8821.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Reproductie_van_een_foto_uit_een_publicatie_Titel_De_oprichters_der_Perhimpoen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_8821.jpg/330px-Reproductie_van_een_foto_uit_een_publicatie_Titel_De_oprichters_der_Perhimpoen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_8821.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Reproductie_van_een_foto_uit_een_publicatie_Titel_De_oprichters_der_Perhimpoen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_8821.jpg/440px-Reproductie_van_een_foto_uit_een_publicatie_Titel_De_oprichters_der_Perhimpoen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_8821.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4461" data-file-height="3476" /></a><figcaption>Leaders of <a href="/wiki/Perhimpoenan_Indonesia" title="Perhimpoenan Indonesia">Perhimpoenan Indonesia</a>. Left to right: Gunawan Mangunkusumo, <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iwa_Kusumasumantri" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwa Kusumasumantri">Iwa Kusumasumantri</a>, Sastro Mulyono, and <a href="/wiki/Sartono" title="Sartono">R.M. Sartono</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soetan_Sjahrir_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Soetan_Sjahrir_1948.jpg/170px-Soetan_Sjahrir_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Soetan_Sjahrir_1948.jpg/255px-Soetan_Sjahrir_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Soetan_Sjahrir_1948.jpg/340px-Soetan_Sjahrir_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sutan_Sjahrir" title="Sutan Sjahrir">Sutan Sjahrir</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indonesia" title="Prime Minister of Indonesia">Prime Minister of Indonesia</a> and a resistance leader during the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Japanese occupation</a>. During his studies in the Netherlands, he became influenced by anarchism, though later moved towards <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">democratic socialism</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Indonesian students that were studying in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, under the banner of <a href="/wiki/Perhimpoenan_Indonesia" title="Perhimpoenan Indonesia">Perhimpoenan Indonesia</a>, formed contact with local left-wing groups, including the Dutch anarchist movement. They formed the Indonesian section of the <a href="/wiki/League_against_Imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="League against Imperialism">League against Imperialism</a>, where they met with anarchist <a href="/wiki/Anti-militarists" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-militarists">anti-militarists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stutje_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stutje-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few students took an interest in anarchism, including <a href="/wiki/Sutan_Sjahrir" title="Sutan Sjahrir">Sutan Sjahrir</a>, who had moved to the <a href="/wiki/Far-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-left">far-left</a> after a short stay at an anarchist <a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">commune</a>, although his ideology eventually evolved into <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">democratic socialism</a> - later founding the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Indonesia" title="Socialist Party of Indonesia">Socialist Party of Indonesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Indonesians were unable to find common ground with Dutch anarchists, whose <a href="/wiki/Anti-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-nationalism">anti-nationalism</a> aligned them against the Indonesian desire for independence. At the <a href="/wiki/1927_Brussels_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="1927 Brussels Conference">1927 Brussels Conference</a>, attended by the Indonesians <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Achmad_Soebardjo" title="Achmad Soebardjo">Achmad Soebardjo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Stutje_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stutje-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the anarcho-syndicalist <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lehning" title="Arthur Lehning">Arthur Lehning</a> warned colonized people against the creation of new states in the anti-imperialist struggle.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, at the <a href="/wiki/1929_Frankfurt_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="1929 Frankfurt Conference">1929 Frankfurt Conference</a> (attended by Hatta), the anarchist <a href="/wiki/Bart_de_Ligt" title="Bart de Ligt">Bart de Ligt</a> claimed that the construction of independent <a href="/wiki/Nation-states" class="mw-redirect" title="Nation-states">nation-states</a> was in the interests of the colonized countries' ruling classes, who merely wished to continue their rule independently of their colonial authorities, advising instead that anti-colonialism should be bound together with anti-nationalism and anti-militarism.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Frankfurt conference was also marred by a bitter division between European communists, who had taken up the party line against "<a href="/wiki/Social_fascism" title="Social fascism">social fascism</a>" after the <a href="/wiki/6th_World_Congress_of_the_Comintern" class="mw-redirect" title="6th World Congress of the Comintern">6th World Congress</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_International" title="Communist International">Communist International</a>, and the national liberationists including <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> and Mohammad Hatta, who were actively excluded from the League by the communists. The League eventually collapsed in the 1930s, in part due to its internal divisions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_occupation">Japanese occupation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Japanese occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies</a> brought with it a fierce repression of the labour movement, left-wing groups and the Indonesian national liberation struggle. The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Empire">Japanese Empire</a> brought millions of <a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dmusha" title="Rōmusha">Indonesian workers</a> into a system of <a href="/wiki/Forced_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced labor">forced labor</a>, resulting in the deaths of approximately 4 million people during the occupation period. The Indonesian socialist activists <a href="/wiki/Sutan_Sjahrir" title="Sutan Sjahrir">Sutan Sjahrir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amir_Sjarifuddin_Harahap" class="mw-redirect" title="Amir Sjarifuddin Harahap">Amir Sjarifuddin Harahap</a> led an underground resistance to Japanese Imperial rule in <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, aided by <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesians" title="Chinese Indonesians">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambonese" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambonese">Ambonese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minahasan_people" title="Minahasan people">Minahasan</a> resistance groups. Sjarifuddin was arrested by the occupation forces in 1943, but he escaped execution due to the intervention of <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a>, who was actively <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Collaboration with Imperial Japan">collaborating</a> with the Japanese Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-Reid_p12_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reid_p12-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a> reached a turning point in 1944, the Japanese Empire began to seriously consider the prospect of Indonesian independence, encouraging Indonesian nationalism and <a href="/wiki/Investigating_Committee_for_Preparatory_Work_for_Independence" title="Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence">laying the groundwork</a> for the liberation struggle against the Dutch Colonial Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Indonesian_National_Revolution">The Indonesian National Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The Indonesian National Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sobsi-rally.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Sobsi-rally.jpg/220px-Sobsi-rally.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Sobsi-rally.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="484" /></a><figcaption>A demonstration by the <a href="/wiki/Central_All-Indonesian_Workers_Organization" title="Central All-Indonesian Workers Organization">Central All-Indonesian Workers Organization</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Two days after the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">surrender of Japan</a>, Sukarno read out the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence" title="Proclamation of Indonesian Independence">proclamation of Indonesian Independence</a>, marking the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a>. By this time the Indonesian anarchist movement had largely disappeared, after decades of repression by imperial powers. The newly established <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution#Formation_of_the_Republican_government" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Republic of Indonesia</a>, with Sukarno acting as the country's first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">President</a> and Sutan Sjahrir as its first <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indonesia" title="Prime Minister of Indonesia">Prime Minister</a>, set about repressing the nascent <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-syndicalist">anarcho-syndicalist</a> movement. Javanese workers had spontaneously expropriated and established <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control#Indonesia" title="Workers' control">workers' control</a> over the country's railways, plantations and factories. Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta responded by openly attacking the syndicalist character of the new workers' movement,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> actively repressing them and bringing their enterprises under <a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">state control</a> by the spring of 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_SOBSI_and_Guided_Democracy">The SOBSI and Guided Democracy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The SOBSI and Guided Democracy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The workers' movement was subsequently reorganized, largely into the <a href="/wiki/Central_All-Indonesian_Workers_Organization" title="Central All-Indonesian Workers Organization">Central All-Indonesian Workers Organization</a> (SOBSI), which called for the unity of workers and the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> society.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the suppression of the <a href="/wiki/Madiun_Affair" title="Madiun Affair">Madiun Affair</a>, many of SOBSI's leaders went underground, into exile, were imprisoned or killed.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From May 1948, the SOBSI was reorganized and brought under the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Indonesia" title="Communist Party of Indonesia">Communist Party</a>. Between 1950 and 1952, the SOBSI attempted to mobilize militant actions for higher wages, increased social security and better workplace conditions,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> launching a nationwide strike that forced the government to increase the minimum wage, block plans for layoffs and institute a non-contributory pension scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this was followed by the <a href="/wiki/Natsir_Cabinet" title="Natsir Cabinet">Natsir Cabinet</a> outlawing strikes in essential industries, forcing the SOBSI to turn to sabotage.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After another government crackdown, the Communist Party forced the SOBSI to moderate its policies, taking a conciliatory line towards the capitalist class.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Guided_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Guided Democracy">Guided Democracy</a>, the SOBSI became the institutionalized representative of labor within the Sukarno government.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It oversaw <a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">nationalization</a> efforts,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> continuing the running of companies under state control.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These nationalizations drove SOBSI into a conflict with the armed forces, fighting for influence over the state controlled companies.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-h1_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This conflict culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965%E2%80%9366" title="Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66">Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66</a>, in which the army massacred left-wing activists, feminists and ethnic and religious minorities, killing hundreds of thousands. The military leader <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a> rose to power, instituting a right-wing military dictatorship known as the <a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Indonesia)" title="New Order (Indonesia)">New Order</a>. The SOBSI was subsequently declared illegal by the new regime and many of its members and leaders were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_Indonesia">Contemporary Indonesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Contemporary Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg/220px-Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg/330px-Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg/440px-Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="804" /></a><figcaption>Rioters burning looted goods on the streets of Jakarta, during the <a href="/wiki/May_1998_riots_of_Indonesia" title="May 1998 riots of Indonesia">May 1998 riots</a> that led to the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto" title="Fall of Suharto">fall of Suharto</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The anarchist movement re-emerged in the 1990s as part of the Indonesian <a href="/wiki/Punk_subculture" title="Punk subculture">punk subculture</a>, the largest punk movement in Southeast Asia. Young people had created their own underground sub-culture of punk, which over time developed into a style that was completely different from the original movement.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of the punk movement began to move towards <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-fascist">anti-fascist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-authoritarian">anti-authoritarian</a> ideology, in opposition to the <a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Indonesia)" title="New Order (Indonesia)">New Order</a> dictatorship of <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a>. In 1998, anarchist collectives began to form after the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto" title="Fall of Suharto">fall of Suharto</a>, organizing discussions, publishing texts in the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian language</a> and forming non-hierarchical groups with which to conduct direct action. Some of the first groups of note were <a href="/wiki/Food_Not_Bombs" title="Food Not Bombs">Food Not Bombs</a> collectives, formed to distribute food to those in need.<sup id="cite_ref-Interview_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Interview-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anti-fascist groups began to form, organizing solidarity actions with striking workers. In December 1999, anti-fascist collectives and individuals from all around the country converged on Yogyakarta to establish the nationwide Antifascist Network of Nusantar.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For most of the early 2000s, the Indonesian anarchist movement remained dispersed and disconnected, with many of its groups being small and short-lived. This began to change with the organization of the 2007 <a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a> demonstrations, when various groups from around the country unified to form the Anti-authoritarian Network, gathering over 100 people in a May Day action, marking the anarchist movement's first large-scale appearance on the public stage and igniting an acceleration of the movement's growth.<sup id="cite_ref-Interview_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Interview-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next May Day demonstration in 2008 attracted more than 200 people to protest in Jakarta, directing their action against corporate and political buildings in the city. The procession ended after clashes with police saw the arrest of many of the protest's participants. Although this repression brought a brief halt to the movement's growth, anarchist activists continued their agitation, so that by 2010 there were anarchists groups in <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Interview_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Interview-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, a series of attacks against corporate buildings and <a href="/wiki/Automated_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated teller machine">ATMs</a> in Sulawesi, Java and Sumatra were claimed by an Indonesian section of the <a href="/wiki/Informal_Anarchist_Federation" title="Informal Anarchist Federation">Informal Anarchist Federation</a>, bringing the tactics of <a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">insurrectionary anarchism</a> to the country. The cell condemned peaceful protest, instead inciting direct action, often in the form of property destruction. Inspired by the actions, two anarchists Billy Augustian and Reyhard Rumbayan attacked an ATM in Yogyakarta, but were both quickly arrested after dropping incriminating evidence near the scene. Other insurrectionary anarchists of the "Long Live Luciano Tortuga" Cell in Sulawesi responded to their imprisonment with a series of attacks, including incendiary attacks on power stations and luxury cars. Further attacks from other FAI cells around Indonesia followed.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, a series of attacks against corporate buildings and <a href="/wiki/Automated_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated teller machine">ATMs</a> in Sulawesi, Java and Sumatra were claimed by an Indonesian section of the <a href="/wiki/Informal_Anarchist_Federation" title="Informal Anarchist Federation">Informal Anarchist Federation</a>, bringing the tactics of <a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">insurrectionary anarchism</a> to the country. The cell condemned peaceful protest, instead inciting direct action, often in the form of property destruction. Inspired by the actions, two anarchists Billy Augustian and Reyhard Rumbayan attacked an ATM in Yogyakarta, but were both quickly arrested after dropping incriminating evidence near the scene. Other insurrectionary anarchists of the "Long Live Luciano Tortuga" Cell in Sulawesi responded to their imprisonment with a series of attacks, including incendiary attacks on power stations and luxury cars. Further attacks from other FAI cells around Indonesia followed.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The continuation of May Day events into the 2010s brought about a growth of interest in <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">anarcho-syndicalism</a>, leading to the establishment of the Workers' Power Syndicate in Surabaya, which went on to assist factory workers during industrial disputes with their employers.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This renewal of interest in <a href="/wiki/Trade_unionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade unionism">trade unionism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">syndicalism</a> culminated on 3 October 2012, with the country's first <a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">general strike</a> in 50 years.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, the Anarcho-Syndicalist Worker's Fraternity (<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i lang="id">Persaudaraan Pekerja Anarko Sindikalis</i>, PPAS) was established and affiliated to the <a href="/wiki/IWA-AIT" class="mw-redirect" title="IWA-AIT">IWA-AIT</a>, supported by the Australian Anarcho-Syndicalist Federation. It organizes according to the principles of decentralization, equality, direct action, internationalism, solidarity, mutual cooperation, independence and the rejection of capitalism and the state.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It participated in the continuing May Day demonstrations, as well as workers' protests for higher wages, growing to have branches in Jakarta and Surabaya. The PPAS also organized the Independent Union of Taxi Drivers (KUMAN), uniting over 500 drivers around Indonesia and entering into a strike against Uber for higher wages and improved working conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, the PPAS made demands and organized actions in order to protect workers from the effects of the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, the government of Indonesia initiated a crackdown on anarchist activity, during which social media accounts were hacked, anarchist activists were arrested, books were seized, detainees were isolated. Police claimed that anarchists were planning a campaign of mass looting<sup id="cite_ref-Straits_Times_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straits_Times-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jakarta_post_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jakarta_post-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and forced a confession from a criminal in which he declared himself "the sole leader of the anarchists."<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In what many Indonesian anarchists have described as a "witch hunt",<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 9 April, three anarchists from Tangerang were arrested for spraying graffiti that read "there's a crisis already, time to burn" and "fight or perish",<sup id="cite_ref-Straits_Times_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straits_Times-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jakarta_post_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jakarta_post-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> being charged with public provocation.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The detainees were tortured by the police and were put into isolation for a month, before their trial began on 15 June.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tangerang District Court found the defendants guilty on 28 September, sentencing two to 10 months in prison and the other to 8 months, in what the defense considered to be a dangerous precedent.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarchists were also reportedly among the active participants in the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia_omnibus_law_protests" title="Indonesia omnibus law protests">protests</a> against the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Omnibus_Law_on_Job_Creation" title="Omnibus Law on Job Creation">Omnibus Law on Job Creation</a>, during which militants set fire to police stations, vandalized property and clashed with police on barricades in a number of Indonesian cities.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a press conference, police announced they were investigating 6 protestors who they claimed were affiliated with the anarchist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indonesian_anarchists" title="Category:Indonesian anarchists">Category:Indonesian anarchists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_movements_by_region" title="List of anarchist movements by region">List of anarchist movements by region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">Anarchism in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Anarchism in the Netherlands">Anarchism in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Singapore" title="Anarchism in Singapore">Anarchism in Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Timor-Leste" title="Anarchism in Timor-Leste">Anarchism in Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekal" title="Kekal">Kekal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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Linkse soldaten, matrozen en hun organisaties tijdens de mobilisatie van '14 – '18</i> (Thesis) (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">University of Amsterdam</a>. p. 809. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9059114671" title="Special:BookSources/9059114671"><bdi>9059114671</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/470386540">470386540</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Niet+voor+God+en+niet+voor+Vaderland.+Linkse+soldaten%2C+matrozen+en+hun+organisaties+tijdens+de+mobilisatie+van+%2714+%E2%80%93+%2718&rft.inst=University+of+Amsterdam&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F470386540&rft.isbn=9059114671&rft.aulast=Blom&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft.au=Stelling%2C+Theunis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGandini1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gandini, Jean-Jacques (1986). <i>Aux sources de la révolution chinoise, les anarchistes</i> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>: Distribution-diffusion, Alternative. p. 170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782905691088" title="Special:BookSources/9782905691088"><bdi>9782905691088</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16226969">16226969</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aux+sources+de+la+r%C3%A9volution+chinoise%2C+les+anarchistes&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=Distribution-diffusion%2C+Alternative&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16226969&rft.isbn=9782905691088&rft.aulast=Gandini&rft.aufirst=Jean-Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarious1990" class="citation book cs1">Various (1990). <i>Huaqiao huaren baike quanshu: xinwen chuban juan</i>. 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Vol. 23, China, January 1919-December 1920</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland" title="Bethesda, Maryland">Bethesda, Maryland</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_Publications_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="University Publications of America">University Publications of America</a>. p. 289. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/769870825">769870825</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+documents+on+foreign+affairs+%3A+reports+and+papers+from+the+Foreign+Office+confidential+print.+Part+II%2C+From+the+First+to+the+Second+World+War.+Series+E%3A+Asia%2C+1914-1939.+Vol.+23%2C+China%2C+January+1919-December+1920.&rft.place=Bethesda%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=289&rft.pub=University+Publications+of+America&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F769870825&rft.aulast=Bourne&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.au=Watt%2C+Donald+Cameron&rft.au=Trotter%2C+Ann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Wuzhengfu zhui sixian ziliao xuan</i>. 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International Engagement of Colonial Students in the Netherlands, 1908 – 1931"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BMGN:_Low_Countries_Historical_Review" title="BMGN: Low Countries Historical Review">BMGN: Low Countries Historical Review</a></i>. <span class="nowrap">128–</span>1. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Historical_Society" title="Royal Netherlands Historical Society">Royal Netherlands Historical Society</a>: <span class="nowrap">151–</span>172. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18352%2Fbmgn-lchr.8359">10.18352/bmgn-lchr.8359</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0165-0505">0165-0505</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6899857194">6899857194</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMGN%3A+Low+Countries+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Indonesian+Identities+Abroad.+International+Engagement+of+Colonial+Students+in+the+Netherlands%2C+1908+%E2%80%93+1931&rft.volume=128%E2%80%931&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E151-%3C%2Fspan%3E172&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6899857194&rft.issn=0165-0505&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18352%2Fbmgn-lchr.8359&rft.aulast=Stutje&rft.aufirst=Klaas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.18352%252Fbmgn-lchr.8359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMrázek1994" class="citation book cs1">Mrázek, Rudolf (1994). <i>Sjahrir: Politics and exile in Indonesia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ithaca,_New_York" title="Ithaca, New York">Ithaca</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">59–</span>61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781501718816" title="Special:BookSources/9781501718816"><bdi>9781501718816</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1164781033">1164781033</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sjahrir%3A+Politics+and+exile+in+Indonesia&rft.place=Ithaca&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E59-%3C%2Fspan%3E61&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1164781033&rft.isbn=9781501718816&rft.aulast=Mr%C3%A1zek&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüller-Lehning1929" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Müller-Lehning, Arthur (April 1929). 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Melbourne: Longman Pty. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-71046-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-71046-7"><bdi>978-0-582-71046-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indonesian+National+Revolution+1945%E2%80%931950&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Longman+Pty&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-582-71046-7&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKusumaElson2011" class="citation cs2">Kusuma, A.B.; Elson, R.E. 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Cambridge. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-54262-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-54262-3"><bdi>978-0-521-54262-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+Modern+of+Indonesia&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Cambridge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-521-54262-3&rft.aulast=Vickers&rft.aufirst=Adrain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmoderni00adri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Klinken2003" class="citation book cs1">van Klinken, Gerry (2003). <i>Minorities, Modernity and the Emerging Nation: Christians in Indonesia, a Biographical Approach</i>. 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[Chicago]]: <a href="/wiki/Haymarket_Books" title="Haymarket Books">Haymarket Books</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">210–</span>222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781608461707" title="Special:BookSources/9781608461707"><bdi>9781608461707</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/746746703">746746703</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Worker%27s+Control+in+Java%2C+Indonesia%2C+1945%E2%80%931946&rft.btitle=Ours+to+Master+and+to+Own%3A+Workers%27+Control+from+the+Commune+to+the+Present&rft.place=%5BChicago%5D%5D&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E210-%3C%2Fspan%3E222&rft.pub=Haymarket+Books&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F746746703&rft.isbn=9781608461707&rft.aulast=Suryomenggolo&rft.aufirst=Jafar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHindley1964" class="citation book cs1">Hindley, Donald (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ivY5wrVDluUC&pg=PA143"><i>The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">143–</span>144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520321663" title="Special:BookSources/9780520321663"><bdi>9780520321663</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1198929073">1198929073</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209090607/https://books.google.com/books?id=ivY5wrVDluUC&pg=PA143">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Communist+Party+of+Indonesia%2C+1951-1963&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E143-%3C%2Fspan%3E144&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1198929073&rft.isbn=9780520321663&rft.aulast=Hindley&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DivY5wrVDluUC%26pg%3DPA143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHindley1964" class="citation book cs1">Hindley, Donald (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ivY5wrVDluUC&pg=PA21"><i>The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. pp. 21, 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520321663" title="Special:BookSources/9780520321663"><bdi>9780520321663</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1198929073">1198929073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Communist+Party+of+Indonesia%2C+1951-1963&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=21%2C+113&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1198929073&rft.isbn=9780520321663&rft.aulast=Hindley&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DivY5wrVDluUC%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHindley1964" class="citation book cs1">Hindley, Donald (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ivY5wrVDluUC&pg=PA141"><i>The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">141–</span>142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520321663" title="Special:BookSources/9780520321663"><bdi>9780520321663</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1198929073">1198929073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Communist+Party+of+Indonesia%2C+1951-1963&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E141-%3C%2Fspan%3E142&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1198929073&rft.isbn=9780520321663&rft.aulast=Hindley&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DivY5wrVDluUC%26pg%3DPA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHindley1964" class="citation book cs1">Hindley, Donald (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ivY5wrVDluUC&pg=PA50"><i>The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. pp. 50, 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520321663" title="Special:BookSources/9780520321663"><bdi>9780520321663</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1198929073">1198929073</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209090639/https://books.google.com/books?id=ivY5wrVDluUC&pg=PA50">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Communist+Party+of+Indonesia%2C+1951-1963&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=50%2C+148&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1198929073&rft.isbn=9780520321663&rft.aulast=Hindley&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DivY5wrVDluUC%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHindley1964" class="citation book cs1">Hindley, Donald (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ivY5wrVDluUC&pg=PA49"><i>The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. pp. 49, 341. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520321663" title="Special:BookSources/9780520321663"><bdi>9780520321663</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1198929073">1198929073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Communist+Party+of+Indonesia%2C+1951-1963&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=49%2C+341&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1198929073&rft.isbn=9780520321663&rft.aulast=Hindley&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DivY5wrVDluUC%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHindley1964" class="citation book cs1">Hindley, Donald (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ivY5wrVDluUC&pg=PA141"><i>The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">141–</span>146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520321663" title="Special:BookSources/9780520321663"><bdi>9780520321663</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1198929073">1198929073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Communist+Party+of+Indonesia%2C+1951-1963&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E141-%3C%2Fspan%3E146&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1198929073&rft.isbn=9780520321663&rft.aulast=Hindley&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DivY5wrVDluUC%26pg%3DPA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLa_Botz2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dan_La_Botz" title="Dan La Botz">La Botz, Dan</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bUPirRox6VsC&pg=PA104"><i>Made in Indonesia: Indonesian Workers Since Suharto</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>: <a href="/wiki/South_End_Press" title="South End Press">South End Press</a>. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780896086425" title="Special:BookSources/9780896086425"><bdi>9780896086425</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/422002504">422002504</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Made+in+Indonesia%3A+Indonesian+Workers+Since+Suharto&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=South+End+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F422002504&rft.isbn=9780896086425&rft.aulast=La+Botz&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbUPirRox6VsC%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLa_Botz2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dan_La_Botz" title="Dan La Botz">La Botz, Dan</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bUPirRox6VsC&pg=PA109"><i>Made in Indonesia: Indonesian Workers Since Suharto</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>: <a href="/wiki/South_End_Press" title="South End Press">South End Press</a>. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780896086425" title="Special:BookSources/9780896086425"><bdi>9780896086425</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/422002504">422002504</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Made+in+Indonesia%3A+Indonesian+Workers+Since+Suharto&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=South+End+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F422002504&rft.isbn=9780896086425&rft.aulast=La+Botz&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbUPirRox6VsC%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHindley1964" class="citation book cs1">Hindley, Donald (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ivY5wrVDluUC&pg=PA145"><i>The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. p. 145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520321663" title="Special:BookSources/9780520321663"><bdi>9780520321663</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1198929073">1198929073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Communist+Party+of+Indonesia%2C+1951-1963&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1198929073&rft.isbn=9780520321663&rft.aulast=Hindley&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DivY5wrVDluUC%26pg%3DPA145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourchierHadiz2003" class="citation book cs1">Bourchier, David; Hadiz, Vedi R. 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No. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1533-7464">1533-7464</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/45867013">45867013</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209090611/https://razorcake.org/one-punks-travel-guide-indonesia-kevin-dunn/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Razorcake&rft.atitle=One+Punk%27s+Travel+Guide+to+Indonesia&rft.issue=76&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F45867013&rft.issn=1533-7464&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frazorcake.org%2Fone-punks-travel-guide-indonesia-kevin-dunn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Interview-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Interview_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Interview_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Interview_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalicha2010" class="citation book cs1">Kalicha, Sebastian (2010). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Interview+mit+AnarchistInnen+aus+Indonesien&rft.btitle=Von+Jakarta+bis+Johannesburg%3A+Anarchismus+weltweit&rft.place=M%C3%BCnster&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E238-%3C%2Fspan%3E247&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F919085683&rft.isbn=9783897715066&rft.aulast=Kalicha&rft.aufirst=Sebastian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibcom.org%2Flibrary%2Fanarchism-indonesia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFront_Anti-Fascist2000" class="citation news cs1">Front Anti-Fascist (2000). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Indonesia%27s+new+anarchists&rft.issue=113&rft.date=2013-10-12&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insideindonesia.org%2Findonesia-s-new-anarchists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger2013" class="citation news cs1">Berger, Dominic (12 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insideindonesia.org/indonesia-s-new-anarchists">"Indonesia's new anarchists"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=libcom.org&rft.atitle=Uber+drivers+strike+in+Indonesia&rft.date=2017-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibcom.org%2Fnews%2Fuber-drivers-strike-indonesia-23082017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnarcho-Syndicalist_Worker's_Fraternity2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Anarcho-Syndicalist Worker's Fraternity (27 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iwa-ait.org/content/sistem-ini-yang-membuat-kita-sakit">"Sistem ini yang Membuat Kita Sakit"</a> (in Indonesian). <a href="/wiki/IWA-AIT" class="mw-redirect" title="IWA-AIT">IWA-AIT</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209090615/https://iwa-ait.org/content/sistem-ini-yang-membuat-kita-sakit">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sistem+ini+yang+Membuat+Kita+Sakit&rft.pub=IWA-AIT&rft.date=2020-03-27&rft.au=Anarcho-Syndicalist+Worker%27s+Fraternity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiwa-ait.org%2Fcontent%2Fsistem-ini-yang-membuat-kita-sakit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Straits_Times-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Straits_Times_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Straits_Times_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoeriaatmadja2020" class="citation news cs1">Soeriaatmadja, Wahyudi (12 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/coronavirus-police-arrest-five-indonesians-attempting-to-instigate-looting">"Coronavirus: Police arrest five Indonesians attempting to instigate looting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209090607/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/coronavirus-police-arrest-five-indonesians-attempting-to-instigate-looting">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Coronavirus%3A+Police+arrest+five+Indonesians+attempting+to+instigate+looting&rft.date=2020-04-12&rft.aulast=Soeriaatmadja&rft.aufirst=Wahyudi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2Fcoronavirus-police-arrest-five-indonesians-attempting-to-instigate-looting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jakarta_post-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jakarta_post_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jakarta_post_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOktavianti2020" class="citation news cs1">Oktavianti, Tri Indah (14 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/04/14/books-seized-five-arrestedas-police-claimanarcho-syndicalists-plan-mass-looting-in-java.html">"Books seized, five arrested as police claim anarcho-syndicalists plan mass looting in Java"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jakarta_Post" title="The Jakarta Post">The Jakarta Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209090615/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/04/14/books-seized-five-arrestedas-police-claimanarcho-syndicalists-plan-mass-looting-in-java.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Books+seized%2C+five+arrested+as+police+claim+anarcho-syndicalists+plan+mass+looting+in+Java&rft.date=2020-04-14&rft.aulast=Oktavianti&rft.aufirst=Tri+Indah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F04%2F14%2Fbooks-seized-five-arrestedas-police-claimanarcho-syndicalists-plan-mass-looting-in-java.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafehouse_InfoshopLocal_Autonomous_Network2020" class="citation web cs1">Safehouse Infoshop; Local Autonomous Network (6 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bandilangitim.noblogs.org/2020/05/06/in-solidarity-with-comrades-imprisoned-in-malang-and-tangerang-indonesia/">"In Solidarity With Comrades Imprisoned in Malang and Tangerang, Indonesia"</a>. Bandilang Itim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209090632/https://bandilangitim.noblogs.org/2020/05/06/in-solidarity-with-comrades-imprisoned-in-malang-and-tangerang-indonesia/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Solidarity+With+Comrades+Imprisoned+in+Malang+and+Tangerang%2C+Indonesia&rft.pub=Bandilang+Itim&rft.date=2020-05-06&rft.au=Safehouse+Infoshop&rft.au=Local+Autonomous+Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbandilangitim.noblogs.org%2F2020%2F05%2F06%2Fin-solidarity-with-comrades-imprisoned-in-malang-and-tangerang-indonesia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Individualist_Circle2020" class="citation web cs1">The Individualist Circle (12 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anarchistsworldwide.noblogs.org/post/2020/04/12/about-the-indonesian-anarchist-witch-hunt-and-the-normal-activist-mentality/">"About the Indonesian Anarchist Witch Hunt and the "Normal Activist Mentality"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Anarchists Worldwide. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209090629/https://anarchistsworldwide.noblogs.org/post/2020/04/12/about-the-indonesian-anarchist-witch-hunt-and-the-normal-activist-mentality/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Indonesian+Anarchist+Witch+Hunt+and+the+%22Normal+Activist+Mentality%22&rft.pub=Anarchists+Worldwide&rft.date=2020-04-12&rft.au=The+Individualist+Circle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanarchistsworldwide.noblogs.org%2Fpost%2F2020%2F04%2F12%2Fabout-the-indonesian-anarchist-witch-hunt-and-the-normal-activist-mentality%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCircle_of_Marvelous_Individualists2020" class="citation web cs1">Circle of Marvelous Individualists (23 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anarchistsworldwide.noblogs.org/post/2020/04/23/indonesia-the-continual-anarchist-witch-hunt-the-scenario-of-state-incompetence/">"The Continual Anarchist Witch Hunt & the Scenario of State Incompetence"</a>. Anarchists Worldwide. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209090720/https://anarchistsworldwide.noblogs.org/post/2020/04/23/indonesia-the-continual-anarchist-witch-hunt-the-scenario-of-state-incompetence/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Continual+Anarchist+Witch+Hunt+%26+the+Scenario+of+State+Incompetence&rft.pub=Anarchists+Worldwide&rft.date=2020-04-23&rft.au=Circle+of+Marvelous+Individualists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanarchistsworldwide.noblogs.org%2Fpost%2F2020%2F04%2F23%2Findonesia-the-continual-anarchist-witch-hunt-the-scenario-of-state-incompetence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnti_Feminist_Feminist_Club2020" class="citation web cs1">Anti Feminist Feminist Club (29 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bandilangitim.noblogs.org/2020/06/29/solidarity-with-anarchist-prisoners-in-tangerang-and-bekasi-in-indonesia/">"Solidarity with Anarchist Prisoners in Tangerang and Bekasi in Indonesia"</a>. Bandilang Itim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209090714/https://bandilangitim.noblogs.org/2020/06/29/solidarity-with-anarchist-prisoners-in-tangerang-and-bekasi-in-indonesia/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Solidarity+with+Anarchist+Prisoners+in+Tangerang+and+Bekasi+in+Indonesia&rft.pub=Bandilang+Itim&rft.date=2020-06-29&rft.au=Anti+Feminist+Feminist+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbandilangitim.noblogs.org%2F2020%2F06%2F29%2Fsolidarity-with-anarchist-prisoners-in-tangerang-and-bekasi-in-indonesia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnti-authoritarian_Federation2020" class="citation web cs1">Anti-authoritarian Federation (25 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bandilangitim.noblogs.org/2020/07/25/anti-authoritarian-prisoners-involved-in-vandalism/">"Update on Anti-Authoritarian Prisoners Involved in Vandalism (Tangerang and Bekasi, Indonesia)"</a>. Bandilang Itim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209090716/https://bandilangitim.noblogs.org/2020/07/25/anti-authoritarian-prisoners-involved-in-vandalism/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Update+on+Anti-Authoritarian+Prisoners+Involved+in+Vandalism+%28Tangerang+and+Bekasi%2C+Indonesia%29&rft.pub=Bandilang+Itim&rft.date=2020-07-25&rft.au=Anti-authoritarian+Federation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbandilangitim.noblogs.org%2F2020%2F07%2F25%2Fanti-authoritarian-prisoners-involved-in-vandalism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnti-authoritarian_Federation2020" class="citation web cs1">Anti-authoritarian Federation (13 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bandilangitim.noblogs.org/2020/10/13/the-tangerang-vandalism-case/">"The Tangerang Vandalism Case: The Court Decides Guilt Despite Torture and Inappropriate Application of Articles"</a>. Bandilang Itim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209090636/https://bandilangitim.noblogs.org/2020/10/13/the-tangerang-vandalism-case/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Tangerang+Vandalism+Case%3A+The+Court+Decides+Guilt+Despite+Torture+and+Inappropriate+Application+of+Articles&rft.pub=Bandilang+Itim&rft.date=2020-10-13&rft.au=Anti-authoritarian+Federation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbandilangitim.noblogs.org%2F2020%2F10%2F13%2Fthe-tangerang-vandalism-case%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201019093634/https://www.amwenglish.com/articles/police-posts-torched-in-uprising-against-omnibus-law-in-indonesia/">"Police Posts Torched in Uprising against Omnibus Law in Indonesia"</a>. <i>Abolition Media Worldwide</i>. 10 October 2020. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Abolition+Media+Worldwide&rft.atitle=Police+Posts+Torched+in+Uprising+against+Omnibus+Law+in+Indonesia&rft.date=2020-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amwenglish.com%2Farticles%2Fpolice-posts-torched-in-uprising-against-omnibus-law-in-indonesia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210924071124/https://anarchistsworldwide.noblogs.org/post/2020/08/16/west-java-indonesia-new-crackdown-on-anarchists-following-anti-omnibus-law-protests/">"New Crackdown on Anarchists Following Anti-Omnibus Law Protests"</a>. <i>Anarchists Worldwide</i>. <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a>. 15 August 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anarchistsworldwide.noblogs.org/post/2020/08/16/west-java-indonesia-new-crackdown-on-anarchists-following-anti-omnibus-law-protests/">the original</a> on 24 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anarchists+Worldwide&rft.atitle=New+Crackdown+on+Anarchists+Following+Anti-Omnibus+Law+Protests&rft.date=2020-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanarchistsworldwide.noblogs.org%2Fpost%2F2020%2F08%2F16%2Fwest-java-indonesia-new-crackdown-on-anarchists-following-anti-omnibus-law-protests%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEstrelitaDonagheyFacal2022" class="citation web cs1">Estrelita, Gloria Truly; Donaghey, Jim; Facal, Gabriel (December 19, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anarchiststudies.noblogs.org/article-a-brief-history-of-anarchism-in-indonesia/">"A Brief History of Anarchism in Indonesia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Studies" title="Anarchist Studies">Anarchist Studies</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anarchist+Studies&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+Anarchism+in+Indonesia&rft.date=2022-12-19&rft.aulast=Estrelita&rft.aufirst=Gloria+Truly&rft.au=Donaghey%2C+Jim&rft.au=Facal%2C+Gabriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanarchiststudies.noblogs.org%2Farticle-a-brief-history-of-anarchism-in-indonesia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarchism+in+Indonesia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ppasonline.wordpress.com/">PPAS website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theanarchistlibrary.org/category/topic/indonesia">Indonesia section</a> - The Anarchist Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libcom.org/library/anarchism-indonesia">Indonesia section</a> - Libcom.org</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anarchism_by_region" title="Template:Anarchism by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anarchism_by_region" title="Template talk:Anarchism by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anarchism_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anarchism by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anarchism_by_region161" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_movements_by_region" title="List of anarchist movements by region">Anarchism by region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Africa" title="Anarchism in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Algeria" title="Anarchism in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Egypt" title="Anarchism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Morocco" title="Anarchism in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nigeria" title="Anarchism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_South_Africa" title="Anarchism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Tunisia" title="Anarchism in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Armenia" title="Anarchism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anarchism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bangladesh" title="Anarchism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Anarchism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Egypt" title="Anarchism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Georgia" title="Anarchism in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_India" title="Anarchism in India">India</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iran" title="Anarchism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Israel" title="Anarchism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Japan" title="Anarchism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Korea" title="Anarchism in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mongolia" title="Anarchism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Philippines" title="Anarchism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Singapore" title="Anarchism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Syria" title="Anarchism in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Taiwan" title="Anarchism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Timor-Leste" title="Anarchism in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Turkey" title="Anarchism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Vietnam" title="Anarchism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Albania" title="Anarchism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Andorra" title="Anarchism in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Austria" title="Anarchism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belarus" title="Anarchism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belgium" title="Anarchism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Anarchism in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bulgaria" title="Anarchism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Croatia" title="Anarchism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Denmark" title="Anarchism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Estonia" title="Anarchism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Finland" title="Anarchism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_France" title="Anarchism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Germany" title="Anarchism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Greece" title="Anarchism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hungary" title="Anarchism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iceland" title="Anarchism in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ireland" title="Anarchism in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Italy" title="Anarchism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Latvia" title="Anarchism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Monaco" title="Anarchism in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Anarchism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Norway" title="Anarchism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Poland" title="Anarchism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Portugal" title="Anarchism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Romania" title="Anarchism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Serbia" title="Anarchism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Sweden" title="Anarchism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Switzerland" title="Anarchism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Turkey" title="Anarchism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ukraine" title="Anarchism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anarchism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Canada" title="Anarchism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Anarchism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cuba" title="Anarchism in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_El_Salvador" title="Anarchism in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Guatemala" title="Anarchism in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mexico" title="Anarchism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nicaragua" title="Anarchism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Panama" title="Anarchism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Anarchism in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_New_Zealand" title="Anarchism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Argentina" title="Anarchism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bolivia" title="Anarchism in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Brazil" title="Anarchism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Chile" title="Anarchism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Colombia" title="Anarchism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ecuador" title="Anarchism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_French_Guiana" title="Anarchism in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Paraguay" title="Anarchism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Peru" title="Anarchism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Uruguay" title="Anarchism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Venezuela" title="Anarchism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist anarchism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Individualist anarchism in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Individualist anarchism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anarchism_in_Asia413" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anarchism_in_Asia413" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a 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Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anarchism in Bhutan (page does not exist)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anarchism in Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Cambodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anarchism in Cambodia (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cyprus" title="Anarchism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Egypt" title="Anarchism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_India" title="Anarchism in India">India</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink 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href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anarchism in Kuwait (page does not exist)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Kyrgyzstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anarchism in Kyrgyzstan (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anarchism in Laos (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Lebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anarchism in Lebanon (page does not exist)">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anarchism in the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mongolia" title="Anarchism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a 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