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aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Population </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poverty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poverty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Poverty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poverty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Informal_housing_and_slums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Informal_housing_and_slums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Informal housing and slums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Informal_housing_and_slums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slum_Networking_Project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slum_Networking_Project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Slum Networking Project </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slum_Networking_Project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_and_ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_and_ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Religion and ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_and_ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Cityscape </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civic_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civic_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Civic administration </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Civic_administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Civic administration subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Civic_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Public services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_&_Crafts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_&_Crafts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Art & Crafts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_&_Crafts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_and_secondary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Primary and secondary education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education_and_research_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education_and_research_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Higher education and research organizations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education_and_research_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Road </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Sports </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sports subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2036_Olympics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2036_Olympics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 2036 Olympics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2036_Olympics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 International relations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle International relations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Twin towns – sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Ahmedabad</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 125 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-125" aria-hidden="true" > 125 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%95%E1%88%9D%E1%8B%B5%E1%89%A3%E1%8B%B5" title="አሕምድባድ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አሕምድባድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="अहमदाबाद – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अहमदाबाद" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="أحمد آباد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أحمد آباد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="আহমেদাবাদ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আহমেদাবাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fhm%C9%99dabad_(Q%C3%BCc%C9%99rat)" title="Əhmədabad (Qücərat) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əhmədabad (Qücərat)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF_(%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="احمدآباد (هیندوستان) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="احمدآباد (هیندوستان)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="আহমেদাবাদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আহমেদাবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad_(si%C3%A2%E2%81%BF)" title="Ahmedabad (siâⁿ) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ahmedabad (siâⁿ)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D1%85%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Әхмәдабад – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Әхмәдабад" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ахмедабад – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ахмедабад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="अहमदाबाद – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अहमदाबाद" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ахмедабад – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ахмедабад" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ахмадабад – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ахмадабад" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad_(lungsod_sa_Indiya)" title="Ahmedabad (lungsod sa Indiya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ahmedabad (lungsod sa Indiya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad%C3%A1b%C3%A1d" title="Ahmadábád – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ahmadábád" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="अहमदाबाद – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="अहमदाबाद" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%87%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Αχμενταμπάντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αχμενταμπάντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadabado" title="Ahmadabado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ahmadabado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF_(%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="احمدآباد (هند) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="احمدآباد (هند)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="احمدآباد – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="احمدآباد" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A6" title="અમદાવાદ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અમદાવાદ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="अहमदाबाद – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="अहमदाबाद" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A7%88%EB%8B%A4%EB%B0%94%EB%93%9C" title="아마다바드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아마다바드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B0%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%A4" title="Ահմադաբադ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ահմադաբադ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="अहमदाबाद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अहमदाबाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="অমদাৱাদ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="অমদাৱাদ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ахмадабад – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ахмадабад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90%D7%93" title="אחמדאבאד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אחמדאבאד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಹ್ಮದಾಬಾದ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಹ್ಮದಾಬಾದ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98)" title="აჰმადაბადი (ინდოეთი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აჰმადაბადი (ინდოეთი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ахмадабад – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ахмадабад" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amedebatum" title="Amedebatum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Amedebatum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amd%C4%81v%C4%81da" title="Amdāvāda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Amdāvāda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadabadas" title="Ahmadabadas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ahmadabadas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad%C3%A1b%C3%A1d" title="Ahmadábád – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ahmadábád" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="अहमदाबाद – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अहमदाबाद" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D" title="അഹമ്മദാബാദ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അഹമ്മദാബാദ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="अहमदाबाद – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अहमदाबाद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="აჰმადაბადი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აჰმადაბადი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="احمد آباد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="احمد آباد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="احمدآباد – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="احمدآباد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ахмадабад – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ахмадабад" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%98%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="အမယ်ဒါဘတ်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အမယ်ဒါဘတ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad_(stad)" title="Ahmedabad (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ahmedabad (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="अहमदाबाद – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अहमदाबाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="अमदावाद – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अमदावाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%9E%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="アフマダーバード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アフマダーバード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ахьмадабад – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ахьмадабад" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadabad" title="Ahmadabad – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ahmadabad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadabad" title="Ahmadabad – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ahmadabad" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadabad" title="Ahmadabad – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ahmadabad" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ахмадабад – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ахмадабад" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6" title="ଅହମଦାବାଦ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଅହମଦାବାଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadobod" title="Ahmadobod – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ahmadobod" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਅਹਿਮਦਾਬਾਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਹਿਮਦਾਬਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="احمدآباد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="احمدآباد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="احمداباد – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="احمداباد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadabad" title="Ahmadabad – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ahmadabad" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amedabade" title="Amedabade – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Amedabade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ахмадабад – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ахмадабад" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="कर्णावती – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कर्णावती" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="احمد آباد – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="احمد آباد" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF_(%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="احمد آباد (انڊيا) – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="احمد آباد (انڊيا)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%AD%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%8C_%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئەحمەداباد، ھیندستان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەحمەداباد، ھیندستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ахмедабад – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ахмедабад" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="அகமதாபாது – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அகமதாபாது" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D1%85%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Әхмәтабад – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Әхмәтабад" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D" title="అహ్మదాబాద్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అహ్మదాబాద్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94" title="อะห์มดาบาด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อะห์มดาบาด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Аҳмадобод – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аҳмадобод" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಹ್ಮದಾಬಾದ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಅಹ್ಮದಾಬಾದ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amedabad" title="Amedabad – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Amedabad" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ахмадабад – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ахмадабад" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF_(%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA)" title="احمد آباد (بھارت) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="احمد آباد (بھارت)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmetabad" title="Exmetabad – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Exmetabad" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E8%BF%88%E5%BE%B7%E5%A0%A1" title="艾哈迈德堡 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="艾哈迈德堡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90%D7%93" title="אכמעדאבאד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אכמעדאבאד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BE%8E%E9%81%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7" title="阿美達巴德 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿美達巴德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E8%BF%88%E8%BE%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7" title="艾哈迈达巴德 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="艾哈迈达巴德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Ahmedabad" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1070#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ahmadabad_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ahmadabad (disambiguation)">Ahmadabad (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karnavati_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Karnavati (disambiguation)">Karnavati (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Metropolis in Gujarat, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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.ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Ahmedabad</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Karnavati, Ashawal</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Amdavad</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sheth_Hutheesinh_Temple.jpg/221px-Sheth_Hutheesinh_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sheth_Hutheesinh_Temple.jpg/294px-Sheth_Hutheesinh_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1043" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Hutheesing_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutheesing Temple">Hutheesing Temple</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div style=";height:95px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Atal_Pedestrian_Bridge_at_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Atal_Pedestrian_Bridge_at_Night.jpg/127px-Atal_Pedestrian_Bridge_at_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Atal_Pedestrian_Bridge_at_Night.jpg/191px-Atal_Pedestrian_Bridge_at_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Atal_Pedestrian_Bridge_at_Night.jpg/254px-Atal_Pedestrian_Bridge_at_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Atal_Pedestrian_Bridge" title="Atal Pedestrian Bridge">Atal Pedestrian Bridge</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style=";height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Sabarmati_riverside.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Sabarmati_riverside.jpg/142px-Sabarmati_riverside.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Sabarmati_riverside.jpg/213px-Sabarmati_riverside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Sabarmati_riverside.jpg/284px-Sabarmati_riverside.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Riverfront" title="Sabarmati Riverfront">Sabarmati Riverfront</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style=";height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahemdabad_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Ahemdabad_Skyline.jpg/132px-Ahemdabad_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Ahemdabad_Skyline.jpg/198px-Ahemdabad_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Ahemdabad_Skyline.jpg/264px-Ahemdabad_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="757" /></a></div><div>Ahmedabad Aerial View</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div style=";height:83px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmedabad_BRTS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Ahmedabad_BRTS.jpg/124px-Ahmedabad_BRTS.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Ahmedabad_BRTS.jpg/186px-Ahmedabad_BRTS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Ahmedabad_BRTS.jpg/248px-Ahmedabad_BRTS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="335" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Bus_Rapid_Transit_System" title="Ahmedabad Bus Rapid Transit System">Ahmedabad BRTS Station</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style=";height:83px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Narendra_Modi_Stadium_view_from_the_gallery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Narendra_Modi_Stadium_view_from_the_gallery.jpg/150px-Narendra_Modi_Stadium_view_from_the_gallery.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Narendra_Modi_Stadium_view_from_the_gallery.jpg/225px-Narendra_Modi_Stadium_view_from_the_gallery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Narendra_Modi_Stadium_view_from_the_gallery.jpg/300px-Narendra_Modi_Stadium_view_from_the_gallery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3656" data-file-height="2039" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi_Stadium" title="Narendra Modi Stadium">Narendra Modi Stadium</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style=";height:124px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Jama_Masjid,_Ahmedabad_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Jama_Masjid%2C_Ahmedabad_01.jpg/278px-Jama_Masjid%2C_Ahmedabad_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Jama_Masjid%2C_Ahmedabad_01.jpg/417px-Jama_Masjid%2C_Ahmedabad_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Jama_Masjid%2C_Ahmedabad_01.jpg/556px-Jama_Masjid%2C_Ahmedabad_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4755" data-file-height="2134" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Jama_Mosque,_Ahmedabad" title="Jama Mosque, Ahmedabad">Jama Mosque</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Manchester of the East, Heritage City of India</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1222442370">.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container>label:first-of-type{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container a.mw-kartographer-container.floatright,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container a.mw-kartographer-container.floatleft,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container div.mw-kartographer-container.tright,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container div.mw-kartographer-container.tleft{padding:0 0 0 0;margin:0 0 0 0}</style><div class="switcher-container mapframe-multi-container center"><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="300" data-zoom="7" data-lat="23.03" data-lon="72.58" data-overlays="["_2d89ae9f5329e2c171a0116a798f6dd54cc2adea"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/7/23.03/72.58/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,23.03,72.58,300x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ahmedabad&revid=1260017351&groups=_2d89ae9f5329e2c171a0116a798f6dd54cc2adea" width="300" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,23.03,72.58,300x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ahmedabad&revid=1260017351&groups=_2d89ae9f5329e2c171a0116a798f6dd54cc2adea 2x" alt="Map" /></a>Show Ahmedabad District</div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="300" data-zoom="5" data-lat="23.22" data-lon="72.655" data-overlays="["_2c6c2fdd7025c2c38a83f65c2cee5d634dd79260"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/5/23.22/72.655/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,23.22,72.655,300x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ahmedabad&revid=1260017351&groups=_2c6c2fdd7025c2c38a83f65c2cee5d634dd79260" width="300" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,23.22,72.655,300x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ahmedabad&revid=1260017351&groups=_2c6c2fdd7025c2c38a83f65c2cee5d634dd79260 2x" alt="Map" /></a>Show Gujarat</div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="300" data-zoom="3" data-lat="22.8" data-lon="83" data-overlays="["_d0d65f2ff8851608a5eabc1ae31d8be2dc88c5fe"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/3/22.8/83/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,22.8,83,300x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ahmedabad&revid=1260017351&groups=_d0d65f2ff8851608a5eabc1ae31d8be2dc88c5fe" width="300" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,22.8,83,300x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ahmedabad&revid=1260017351&groups=_d0d65f2ff8851608a5eabc1ae31d8be2dc88c5fe 2x" alt="Map" /></a>Show India</div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ahmedabad&params=23_01_21_N_72_34_17_E_type:city_region:IN-GJ">23°01′21″N 72°34′17″E / 23.02250°N 72.57139°E / 23.02250; 72.57139</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Gujarat.svg/21px-Flag_of_Gujarat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Gujarat.svg/32px-Flag_of_Gujarat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Gujarat.svg/42px-Flag_of_Gujarat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_district" title="Ahmedabad district">Ahmedabad</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Establishment</th><td class="infobox-data">11th Century as <a href="/wiki/Ashaval" title="Ashaval">Ashaval</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data">King Asha Bhil</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_I" title="Ahmad Shah I">Ahmad Shah I</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Amdavad_Municipal_Corporation" title="Amdavad Municipal Corporation">Amdavad Municipal Corporation</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Ahmedabad" title="List of mayors of Ahmedabad">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pratibha Jain (<a href="/wiki/BJP" class="mw-redirect" title="BJP">BJP</a>)<a href="#cite_note-dc-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Mayor">Deputy Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Jatin Patel (<a href="/wiki/BJP" class="mw-redirect" title="BJP">BJP</a>)<a href="#cite_note-dc-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Municipal_commissioner" title="Municipal commissioner">Municipal commissioner</a></th><td class="infobox-data">M. Thennarasan<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Police_commissioner" title="Police commissioner">Police commissioner</a></th><td class="infobox-data">GS Malik IPS<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-censusindia.gov.in-5">[5]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,060.95 km2 (409.64 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,866 km2 (720 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">8th in India (1st in Gujarat State)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • City <a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">466 km2 (180 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-7">[7]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">69.65 m (228.51 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2011)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2024)<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,854,440</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-censusindia.gov.in-5">[5]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,357,693</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">6,000/km2 (16,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • City<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,577,940</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • City density</th><td class="infobox-data">12,000/km2 (31,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Amdavadi, Ahmedabadi</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">Language</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Additional official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_Index_Number" title="Postal Index Number">PIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">3800xx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_India" title="Telephone numbers in India">+9179xxxxxxxx</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">GJ-01 (west), GJ-27 (East), GJ-38 Bavla (Rural)<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(2016)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.867<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_sex_ratio" title="Human sex ratio">Sex ratio</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.11<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">♂</a>/<a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">♀</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Literacy rate</th><td class="infobox-data">85.3%<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_Domestic_Product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross Domestic Product">Gross Domestic Product</a> (PPP) (2022-23)</th><td class="infobox-data">$136.1 Billion <a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/">ahmedabadcity.gov.in</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">UNESCO World Heritage Site</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: (ii), (v)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1551">1551</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2017 (41st <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">535.7 ha (2.068 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer zone</th><td class="infobox-data category">395 ha (1.53 sq mi)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Ahmedabad (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈɑːmədəbæd, -bɑːd/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">AH-mə-də-ba(h)d</a>), also spelled as Amdavad, is the most populous city in the Indian <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>. It is the administrative headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_district" title="Ahmedabad district">Ahmedabad district</a> and the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_High_Court" title="Gujarat High Court">Gujarat High Court</a>. Ahmedabad's population of 5,570,585 (per the 2011 population census) makes it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">fifth-most populous city</a> in India,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> and the encompassing <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomeration">urban agglomeration</a> population estimated at 6,357,693 is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of million-plus agglomerations in India">seventh-most populous</a> in India. Ahmedabad's 2024 population is now estimated at 8,854,444.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Ahmedabad is located near the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_River" title="Sabarmati River">Sabarmati River</a>,<a href="#cite_note-citypop_India_aggs-16">[16]</a> 25 km (16 mi)<a href="#cite_note-citypop_world_aggs-17">[17]</a> from the capital of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gandhinagar" title="Gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</a>, also known as its twin city.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Ahmedabad has emerged as an important economic and industrial hub in India. It is the second-largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> in India, due to which it was known as the '<a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> of India' along with <a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a>. Ahmedabad's <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Stock_Exchange" title="Ahmedabad Stock Exchange">stock exchange</a> (before it was shut down in 2018) was the country's second oldest. <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> is a popular sport in Ahmedabad; a newly built stadium, called <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi_Stadium" title="Narendra Modi Stadium">Narendra Modi Stadium</a>, at Motera can accommodate 132,000 spectators, making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums_by_capacity" title="List of stadiums by capacity">largest stadium in the world</a>. The world-class <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel_Sports_Enclave" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Sports Enclave">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Sports Enclave</a> is currently under construction and once complete, it will be one of the biggest sports centers (Sports City) in India. The effects of the <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">liberalisation of the Indian economy</a> have energised the city's economy towards <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">tertiary sector</a> activities such as commerce, communication and construction.<a href="#cite_note-jnnurm-19">[19]</a> Ahmedabad's increasing population has resulted in an increase in the construction and housing industries, resulting in the development of skyscrapers.<a href="#cite_note-Ahmadabad_joins_ITES_hot_spots-20">[20]</a> In 2010, Ahmedabad was ranked third in <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>'s list of fastest growing cities of the decade.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In 2012, <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a> chose Ahmedabad as India's best city to live in.<a href="#cite_note-best_city_to_in_which_to_live_in_India-22">[22]</a> The gross domestic product of Ahmedabad metro was estimated at $136.1 billion in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> In 2020, Ahmedabad was ranked as the third-best city in India to live by the Ease of Living Index.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> In July 2022, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine included Ahmedabad in its list of world's 50 greatest places of 2022.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Ahmedabad has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a <a href="/wiki/Smart_city" title="Smart city">smart city</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>'s flagship <a href="/wiki/Smart_Cities_Mission" title="Smart Cities Mission">Smart Cities Mission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> In July 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Historic_City_of_Ahmadabad" title="Historic City of Ahmadabad">historic city of Ahmedabad</a>, or Old Ahmedabad, was declared a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ahmedabad" title="History of Ahmedabad">History of Ahmedabad</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Toponymy">edit</a>]</div> Based on relics found in several neighbourhoods of the old city and on writings of the Persian historian <a href="/wiki/Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">al-Biruni</a>, it is surmised that an early <a href="/wiki/Bhil" title="Bhil">Bhil</a> tribal group settlement was known as <a href="/wiki/Ashaval" title="Ashaval">Ashaval</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichellShah198817-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBobbio2015164-30">[30]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Merutunga" title="Merutunga">Merutunga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karna_(Chaulukya_dynasty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karna (Chaulukya dynasty)">Karna</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chaulukya_dynasty" title="Chaulukya dynasty">Chaulukya</a> (Solanki) ruler of Anhilvada (modern <a href="/wiki/Patan,_Gujarat" title="Patan, Gujarat">Patan</a>), successfully launched a military campaign against Ashaval and founded a city nearby called Karnavati.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichellShah198817-29">[29]</a> The location of Karnavati is not definitively known.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBobbio2015164-30">[30]</a> References from the 14th and 15th centuries mention Ashaval but do not mention Karnavati.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBobbio2015164-30">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_I" title="Ahmad Shah I">Ahmad Shah I</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Sultanate" title="Gujarat Sultanate">Gujarat Sultanate</a> transferred its capital from Anhilvada to Ashaval in 1411 CE; as was custom, the city was subsequently renamed Ahmedabad after the Sultan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichellShah198818-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history">edit</a>]</div> The area around Ahmedabad has been inhabited since the 11th century, when it was known as <a href="/wiki/Ashaval" title="Ashaval">Ashaval</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> At that time, <a href="/wiki/Karna_(Chaulukya_dynasty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karna (Chaulukya dynasty)">Karna</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chaulukya_dynasty" title="Chaulukya dynasty">Chaulukya</a> (Solanki) ruler of Anhilwara (modern <a href="/wiki/Patan,_Gujarat" title="Patan, Gujarat">Patan</a>), waged a successful war against the <a href="/wiki/Bhil" title="Bhil">Bhil</a> king of Ashaval,<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> and established a city called <a href="/wiki/Karnavati" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnavati">Karnavati</a> on the banks of the Sabarmati.<a href="#cite_note-Madan-34">[34]</a> Solanki rule lasted until the 13th century, when Gujarat came under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Vaghela_dynasty" title="Vaghela dynasty">Vaghela dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dholka" title="Dholka">Dholka</a>. Gujarat subsequently came under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> in the 14th century. However, by the earlier 15th century, the local Muslim governor Zafar Khan Muzaffar established his independence from the Delhi Sultanate and crowned himself <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Sultanate" title="Gujarat Sultanate">Sultan of Gujarat</a> as <a href="/wiki/Muzaffar_Shah_I" title="Muzaffar Shah I">Muzaffar Shah I</a>, thereby founding the <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarid_dynasty_of_Gujarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzaffarid dynasty of Gujarat">Muzaffarid dynasty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-sen2-37">[37]</a> In 1411, the area came under the control of his grandson, Sultan <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shah_of_Gujarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Shah of Gujarat">Ahmed Shah</a>, who selected the forested area along the banks of the Sabarmati river for his new capital. He laid the foundation of a new walled city near Karnavati and named it Ahmedabad after himself.<a href="#cite_note-baba-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> According to other versions, he named the city after four Muslim saints in the area who all had the name Ahmed.<a href="#cite_note-AMC_History-40">[40]</a> Ahmed Shah I laid the foundation of the city on 26 February 1411<a href="#cite_note-Pandya_2010-41">[41]</a> (at 1.20 pm, Thursday, the second day of <a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qi%27dah" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhu al-Qi'dah">Dhu al-Qi'dah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">Hijri year</a> 813<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a>) at <a href="/wiki/Manek_Burj" title="Manek Burj">Manek Burj</a>. Manek Burj is named after the legendary 15th-century Hindu saint, <a href="/wiki/Maneknath" title="Maneknath">Maneknath</a>, who intervened to help <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Shah I">Ahmed Shah I</a> build <a href="/wiki/Bhadra_Fort" title="Bhadra Fort">Bhadra Fort</a> in 1411.<a href="#cite_note-baba-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-igg-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-mnk-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-tam-45">[45]</a> Ahmed Shah I chose it as the new capital on 4 March 1411.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Chandan and Rajesh Nath, 13th generation descendants of Saint Maneknath, perform <a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">puja</a> and hoist the flag on Manek Burj on Ahmedabad's foundation day and for the <a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami</a> festival every year.<a href="#cite_note-baba-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-mnk-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-India_2015-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-dnax2011-48">[48]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_Walls_of_Ahmedabad_1866.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/City_Walls_of_Ahmedabad_1866.jpg/220px-City_Walls_of_Ahmedabad_1866.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/City_Walls_of_Ahmedabad_1866.jpg/330px-City_Walls_of_Ahmedabad_1866.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/City_Walls_of_Ahmedabad_1866.jpg/440px-City_Walls_of_Ahmedabad_1866.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2237" data-file-height="1610" /></a><figcaption>City Walls of Ahmedabad, 1866</figcaption></figure> In 1487, <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Begada" title="Mahmud Begada">Mahmud Begada</a>, the grandson of Ahmed Shah, fortified the city with an outer wall 10 km (6.2 mi) in circumference and consisting of <a href="/wiki/Gates_of_Ahmedabad" title="Gates of Ahmedabad">twelve gates</a>, 189 bastions, and over 6,000 battlements.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In 1535 <a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Humayun</a> briefly occupied Ahmedabad after capturing <a href="/wiki/Champaner" title="Champaner">Champaner</a> when the ruler of Gujarat, <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_of_Gujarat" title="Bahadur Shah of Gujarat">Bahadur Shah</a>, fled to <a href="/wiki/Diu,_India" title="Diu, India">Diu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Ahmedabad was then reoccupied by the Muzaffarid dynasty until 1573 when Gujarat was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a>. During the Mughal reign, Ahmedabad became one of the Empire's thriving centres of trade, mainly in textiles, which were exported as far as Europe. The Mughal ruler <a href="/wiki/Shahjahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahjahan">Shah Jahan</a> spent the prime of his life in the city, sponsoring the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Moti_Shahi_Mahal" class="mw-redirect" title="Moti Shahi Mahal">Moti Shahi Mahal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shahibaug" title="Shahibaug">Shahibaug</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Famine_of_1630%E2%80%9332" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccan Famine of 1630–32">Deccan Famine of 1630–32</a> affected the city, as did famines in 1650 and 1686.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Ahmedabad remained the provincial headquarters of the Mughals until 1758, when they surrendered the city to the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Confederacy" title="Maratha Confederacy">Marathas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern history">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1901_Ahmedabadi_Market.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/1901_Ahmedabadi_Market.jpg/220px-1901_Ahmedabadi_Market.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/1901_Ahmedabadi_Market.jpg/330px-1901_Ahmedabadi_Market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/1901_Ahmedabadi_Market.jpg/440px-1901_Ahmedabadi_Market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="537" /></a><figcaption>A market scene in Ahmedabad, 1901.</figcaption></figure> During the period of Maratha governance, the city became the centre of a conflict between the <a href="/wiki/Peshwa" title="Peshwa">Peshwa</a> of <a href="/wiki/Poona" class="mw-redirect" title="Poona">Poona</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gaekwad" title="Gaekwad">Gaekwad</a> of <a href="/wiki/Baroda" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroda">Baroda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GNHistory-53">[53]</a> In 1780, during the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="First Anglo-Maratha War">First Anglo-Maratha War</a>, a British force under <a href="/wiki/James_Hartley_(Indian_Army_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Hartley (Indian Army officer)">James Hartley</a> stormed and captured Ahmedabad, but it was handed back to the Marathas at the end of the war. The <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> took over the city in 1818 during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Third Anglo-Maratha War">Third Anglo-Maratha War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AMC_History-40">[40]</a> A military cantonment was established in 1824 and a municipal government in 1858.<a href="#cite_note-AMC_History-40">[40]</a> Incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay Presidency</a> during <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British rule</a>, Ahmedabad became one of the most important cities in the Gujarat region. In 1864, a railway link between Ahmedabad and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> (then Bombay) was established by the <a href="/wiki/Bombay,_Baroda,_and_Central_India_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway">Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway</a> (BB&CI), enabling traffic and trade between <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">northern</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">southern India</a> via the city.<a href="#cite_note-AMC_History-40">[40]</a> Over time, the city established itself as the home of a developing textile industry, which earned it the nickname "<a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> of the East".<a href="#cite_note-BordenFraser2014-54">[54]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmedabad_(Baedeker,_1914).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Ahmedabad_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg/220px-Ahmedabad_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Ahmedabad_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg/330px-Ahmedabad_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Ahmedabad_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg/440px-Ahmedabad_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2332" data-file-height="1774" /></a><figcaption>Ahmedabad and its environs, ca 1914</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a> developed roots in the city when <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> established two <a href="/wiki/Ashram" title="Ashram">ashrams</a> – the <a href="/wiki/Kochrab_Ashram" title="Kochrab Ashram">Kochrab Ashram</a> near <a href="/wiki/Paldi" title="Paldi">Paldi</a> in 1915 and the Satyagraha Ashram (now <a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Ashram" title="Sabarmati Ashram">Sabarmati Ashram</a>) on the banks of the Sabarmati in 1917 – which would become centres of nationalist activities.<a href="#cite_note-AMC_History-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-manchester-55">[55]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Non-Cooperation_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Cooperation Movement">mass protests</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Act" title="Rowlatt Act">Rowlatt Act</a> in 1919, textile workers burned down 51 government buildings across the city in protest at a British attempt to extend wartime regulations after the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. In the 1920s, textile workers and teachers went on strike, demanding civil rights and better pay and working conditions. In 1930, Gandhi initiated the <a href="/wiki/Salt_Satyagraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Satyagraha">Salt Satyagraha</a> from Ahmedabad by embarking from his ashram on the <a href="/wiki/Dandi_Salt_March" class="mw-redirect" title="Dandi Salt March">Dandi Salt March</a>. The city's administration and economic institutions were rendered inoperative in the early 1930s by the large numbers of people who took to the streets in peaceful protests, and again in 1942 during the <a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India Movement</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-Independence">Post-Independence</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-Independence">edit</a>]</div> Following independence and the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partition of India</a> in 1947, the city was scarred by the intense communal violence that broke out between <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_India" title="Hinduism in India">Hindus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_India" title="Islam in India">Muslims</a> in 1947. Ahmedabad was the focus of settlement by Hindu migrants from Pakistan,<a href="#cite_note-GillyGilinskiy2009-56">[56]</a> who expanded the city's population and transformed its demographics and economy. By 1960, Ahmedabad had become a metropolis with a population of slightly under half a million people, with classical and colonial European-style buildings lining the city's thoroughfares.<a href="#cite_note-Ghurye1962-57">[57]</a> It was chosen as the capital of Gujarat after the partition of the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_State" title="Bombay State">State of Bombay</a> on 1 May 1960.<a href="#cite_note-YājñikaSheth2005-58">[58]</a> During this period, a large number of educational and research institutions were founded in the city, making it a centre for <a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">higher education</a>, science, and technology.<a href="#cite_note-Political_Science-59">[59]</a> Ahmedabad's economic base became more diverse with the establishment of heavy and chemical industry during the same period. Many countries sought to emulate India's economic planning strategy and one of them, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, copied Ahmedabad's second "Five-Year Plan".<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Post independence Ahmedabad has seen development in manufacturing and infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gandhi_Ashram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gandhi_Ashram.jpg/220px-Gandhi_Ashram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gandhi_Ashram.jpg/330px-Gandhi_Ashram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gandhi_Ashram.jpg/440px-Gandhi_Ashram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Ashram" title="Sabarmati Ashram">Sabarmati Ashram</a>, established by <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></figcaption></figure> In the late 1970s, the capital shifted to the newly built city of <a href="/wiki/Gandhinagar" title="Gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</a>. This marked the start of a long period of decline in Ahmedabad, marked by a lack of development. The 1974 <a href="/wiki/Nav_Nirman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nav Nirman">Navnirman</a> agitation – a protest against a 20% hike in the hostel food fees at the <a href="/wiki/L.D._College_of_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="L.D. College of Engineering">L.D. College of Engineering</a> in Ahmedabad – snowballed into a movement to remove <a href="/wiki/Chimanbhai_Patel" title="Chimanbhai Patel">Chimanbhai Patel</a>, then chief minister of Gujarat.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> In the 1980s, a <a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">reservation policy</a> was introduced in the country, which led to anti-reservation protests in 1981 and 1985. The protests witnessed violent clashes between people belonging to various <a href="/wiki/Indian_caste_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian caste system">castes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The city was considerably impacted by the <a href="/wiki/2001_Gujarat_earthquake" title="2001 Gujarat earthquake">2001 Gujarat earthquake</a>; up to 50 multi-storey buildings collapsed, killing 752 people and causing much damage.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The following year, a three-day period of violence between Hindus and Muslims in the western Indian state of Gujarat, known as the <a href="/wiki/2002_Gujarat_riots" title="2002 Gujarat riots">2002 Gujarat riots</a>, spread to Ahmedabad; in eastern <a href="/wiki/Chamanpura" title="Chamanpura">Chamanpura</a>, 69 people were killed in the <a href="/wiki/Gulbarg_Society_massacre" title="Gulbarg Society massacre">Gulbarg Society massacre</a> on 28 February 2002.<a href="#cite_note-Gulbarg-66">[66]</a> Refugee camps were set up around the city, housing 50,000 Muslims, as well as some small Hindu camps.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2008_Ahmedabad_bombings" title="2008 Ahmedabad bombings">2008 Ahmedabad bombings</a>, a series of seventeen bomb blasts, killed and injured several people.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The terrorist group <a href="/wiki/Harkat-ul-Jihad_al-Islami" title="Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami">Harkat-ul-Jihad</a> claimed responsibility for the attacks.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Ahmedabad is one of few cities in India that has hosted the premiers of major economies such as the US, China, and Canada. On 24 February 2020, President Donald Trump became the first US president to visit the city. The event was named <a href="/wiki/Namaste_Trump" title="Namaste Trump">Namaste Trump</a>. Earlier, <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">President Xi Jinping</a> and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> visited the city.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Population">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Population census</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1872 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">119,762</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">127,621</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">148,412</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">185,889</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+25.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">216,777</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+16.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">274,007</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+26.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">313,789</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1941 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">595,210</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+89.7%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1951 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">842,643</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+41.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,156,788</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+37.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,750,134</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+51.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,534,641</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+44.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,324,197</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+31.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,488,237</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+35.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">5,633,927</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+25.5%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31954">Census of India</a></td></tr></tbody></table> City population increased by 23.43% from 4,519,000 as of the <a href="/wiki/2001_census_of_India" title="2001 census of India">2001 census of India</a><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit">[update]</a> to 5,577,940 (2,938,985 males and 2,638,955 females resulting in a sex ratio of 898 females per 1,000 males) as of the <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011 census of India</a><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit">[update]</a> making Ahmedabad the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_populous_cities_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most populous cities in India">fifth most populous city</a> in India.<a href="#cite_note-:3-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomeration">urban agglomeration</a> centred upon Ahmedabad had a population of 6,352,254 and was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of million-plus agglomerations in India">seventh most populous urban agglomeration</a> in India as of the <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011 census of India</a><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> The population of children aged 0 to 6 was 621,034 (336,063 males and 284,971 females resulting in a child sex ratio of 848 females per 1,000 males) as of the <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011 census of India</a><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-73">[73]</a> The city had an average <a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_India" title="Literacy in India">literacy rate</a> of 88.29%, a male literacy rate of 92.30%, and a female literacy rate of 83.85%.<a href="#cite_note-:3-73">[73]</a> Estimated population of Ahmedabad city is 7,692,000 while that of the urban agglomeration area is 8,772,000 as of 2023.<a href="#cite_note-:3-73">[73]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2021_census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 census of India">2021 census of India</a> has been delayed to 2024-25 and the deadline to freeze administrative boundaries has been extended to 1 January 2024.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poverty">Poverty</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Poverty">edit</a>]</div> In the mid-1970s and early 1980s, the textile mills that were responsible for much of Ahmedabad's wealth faced competition from automation and domestic specialty looms. Several mills closed down, leaving between 40,000 and 50,000 people without a source of income, and many moved into informal settlements in the city centre. The <a href="/wiki/Amdavad_Municipal_Corporation" title="Amdavad Municipal Corporation">Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation</a> (AMC), the governing and administrative body of the city, simultaneously lost much of its tax base and saw an increased demand for services. In the 1990s, newly emerging pharmaceutical, chemical, and automobile manufacturing industries required skilled labor, so many migrants seeking work ended up in the informal sector and settled in slums.<a href="#cite_note-:0-78">[78]</a> Ahmedabad has made efforts to reduce poverty and improve the living conditions of poor residents. The urban poverty rate has declined from 28% in 1993–1994 to 10% in 2011–2012.<a href="#cite_note-:0-78">[78]</a> This is partly due to the strengthening of the AMC and its partnership with several civil society organizations (CSOs) representing poor residents. Through projects and programs, the AMC has provided utilities and basic services to slums. However, some challenges remain, and there are still many residents who lack access to sanitation, clean running water, and electricity. Riots, often rooted in religious tensions, threaten the stability of neighborhoods and have caused spatial segregation across religious and caste lines. There remains to be seen a concerted effort to balance pro-poor, inclusive development with national initiatives that aim to create 'global cities' that are the focus of capital investment and technological innovation. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Informal_housing_and_slums">Informal housing and slums</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Informal housing and slums">edit</a>]</div> As of 2011, about 66% of the population lives in formal housing, with the other 34% living in slums or chawls, which are tenements for industrial workers. There are approximately 700 slum settlements in Ahmedabad and 11% of the total housing stock is public housing. The population of Ahmedabad has increased while the housing stock has remained generally constant, and this has led to a rise in density of both formal and informal housing and a more economical usage of existing space. The Indian census estimates that the Ahmedabad slum population was 25.6% of the total population in 1991 and had decreased to 4.5% in 2011, but these numbers are contested and local entities maintain that the census underestimates informal populations. There is a consensus that there has been a reduction in the percentage of the population that lives in slum settlements, and that there has also been a general improvement in living conditions for slum residents.<a href="#cite_note-:0-78">[78]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update?</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Slum_Networking_Project">Slum Networking Project</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Slum Networking Project">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmedabad-India-slums-1979-IHS-89-16-Slum_in-the-rain.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ahmedabad-India-slums-1979-IHS-89-16-Slum_in-the-rain.jpeg/220px-Ahmedabad-India-slums-1979-IHS-89-16-Slum_in-the-rain.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ahmedabad-India-slums-1979-IHS-89-16-Slum_in-the-rain.jpeg/330px-Ahmedabad-India-slums-1979-IHS-89-16-Slum_in-the-rain.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ahmedabad-India-slums-1979-IHS-89-16-Slum_in-the-rain.jpeg/440px-Ahmedabad-India-slums-1979-IHS-89-16-Slum_in-the-rain.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Photograph of slum neighborhood in Ahmedabad, 1979.</figcaption></figure> In the 1990s, the AMC faced increased slum populations. They found that residents were willing and able to pay for legal connections to water, sewage, and electricity, but because of tenure issues, they were paying higher prices for low-quality, informal connections. To address this, beginning in 1995, the AMC partnered with civil society organizations to create the Slum Networking Project (SNP) to improve basic services in 60 slums, benefitting approximately 13,000 households.<a href="#cite_note-:0-78">[78]</a> This project, also known as Parivartan (Change), involved <a href="/wiki/Participatory_planning" title="Participatory planning">participatory planning</a> in which slum residents were partners alongside <a href="/wiki/Amdavad_Municipal_Corporation" title="Amdavad Municipal Corporation">AMC</a>, private institutions, microfinance lenders, and local NGOs. The goal of the program was to provide both physical infrastructure (including water supply, sewers, individual toilets, paved roads, storm drainage, and tree planting) and community development (i.e. the formation of resident associations, women's groups, community health interventions, and vocational training).<a href="#cite_note-:1-79">[79]</a> In addition, participating households were granted a minimum de facto tenure of ten years. The project cost a total of ₹4,350 million. Community members and the private sector each contributed ₹600 million, NGOs provided ₹90 million, and the AMC paid for the rest of the project.<a href="#cite_note-:1-79">[79]</a> Each slum household was responsible for no more than 12% of the cost of upgrading their home.<a href="#cite_note-:0-78">[78]</a> This project has generally been regarded as a success. Having access to basic services increased the residents' working hours, since most work out of their homes. It also reduced the incidence of illness, particularly water-borne illness, and increased children's rates of school attendance.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> The SNP received the 2006 <a href="/wiki/UN-Habitat_Scroll_of_Honour_Award" title="UN-Habitat Scroll of Honour Award">UNHABITAT</a> Dubai International Award for Best Practice to Improve the Living Environment.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> However, concerns remain about the community's responsibility and capacity for the maintenance of the new infrastructure. Additionally, trust was weakened when the AMC demolished two of slums that were upgraded as part of SNP to create recreational parks.<a href="#cite_note-:0-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion_and_ethnicity">Religion and ethnicity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Religion and ethnicity">edit</a>]</div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#Fcd116"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religions in Ahmedabad City (2011)<a href="#cite_note-census2011-82">[82]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkorange; width:81.56%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">81.56%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:13.51%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">13.51%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Gujarat" title="Jainism in Gujarat">Jainism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:pink; width:3.62%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.62%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Gujarat" title="Christianity in Gujarat">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:dodgerblue; width:0.85%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.85%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other or not stated</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:0.48%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.48%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> According to the 2011 census, <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> are the predominant religious community in the city comprising 81.56% of the population followed by <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> (13.51%), <a href="/wiki/Jains" class="mw-redirect" title="Jains">Jains</a> (3.62%), Christians (0.85%) and <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> (0.24%).<a href="#cite_note-census2011-82">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhists" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhists">Buddhists</a>, people following other religions and those who did not state any religion make up the remainder. <ul><li>The Cathedral of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Mirzapur is the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ahmedabad" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Ahmedabad">Diocese of Ahmedabad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable collapsible sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Religious</a> group </th> <th colspan="2">1891<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">1941<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">2001<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Om.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/15px-Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/23px-Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/31px-Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td> <td>102,619 </td> <td>69.14% </td> <td>426,498 </td> <td>72.13% </td> <td>2,853,494 </td> <td>81.06% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Star_and_Crescent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/15px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/23px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/30px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="216" /></a> </td> <td>30,946 </td> <td>20.85% </td> <td>116,301 </td> <td>19.67% </td> <td>476,620 </td> <td>13.54% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/15px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/22px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/30px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="1934" /></a> </td> <td>12,747 </td> <td>8.59% </td> <td>30,935 </td> <td>5.23% </td> <td>141,607 </td> <td>4.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/15px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/23px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/30px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a> </td> <td>1,031 </td> <td>0.69% </td> <td>8,467 </td> <td>1.43% </td> <td>32,917 </td> <td>0.94% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Faravahar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/15px-Faravahar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/23px-Faravahar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/30px-Faravahar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="300" /></a> </td> <td>723 </td> <td>0.49% </td> <th>— </th> <th>— </th> <th>— </th> <th>— </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Animism_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Animism in India">Animism</a> </td> <td>156 </td> <td>0.11% </td> <th>— </th> <th>— </th> <th>— </th> <th>— </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/15px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/22px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/29px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a> </td> <td>153 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <th>— </th> <th>— </th> <th>— </th> <th>— </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a><a href="/wiki/File:Khanda.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/15px-Khanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/23px-Khanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/31px-Khanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="632" /></a> </td> <th>— </th> <th>— </th> <td>825 </td> <td>0.14% </td> <td>8,801 </td> <td>0.25% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Buddhism<a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/15px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/23px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/30px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="697" /></a> </td> <th>— </th> <th>— </th> <th>— </th> <th>— </th> <td>2,064 </td> <td>0.06% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other </td> <td>37 </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>8,241 </td> <td>1.39% </td> <td>2,678 </td> <td>0.08% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total population </th> <th>148,412 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>591,267 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>3,520,085 </th> <td>100% </td></tr></tbody></table> Most of the residents of Ahmedabad are native <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_people" title="Gujarati people">Gujaratis</a>, but there is a large population with origins outside the state who speak a variety of languages, mainly Hindi and Urdu (among Muslims). There is a Sindhi community dating from Partition, and a Marathi community dating back to Maratha rule over Gujarat. The city is home to some 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Parsi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsi people">Parsis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zoroastrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrians">Zoroastrians</a>),<a href="#cite_note-High_ageing_rate,_health_problems_worry_Parsi_community-88">[88]</a> and some 125 members of the <a href="/wiki/Bene_Israel" title="Bene Israel">Bene Israel</a> <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> community.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> There is also one synagogue in the city.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 647.1560074244px; border-left-color:maroon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:maroon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:maroon"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 357.58140195921px; border-left-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 236.77926944017px; border-left-color:limegreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:limegreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:limegreen"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 166.69143794028px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 105.55497365262px; border-left-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:91.625089529336px 40.060491369192px 0 0; border-top-color:skyblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:skyblue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Languages of Ahmadabad Municipal Corporation (2011)<a href="#cite_note-language-91">[91]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> (68.44%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (19.49%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (3.47%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a> (2.24%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> (2.02%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a> (1.90%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Others (2.44%)</div> </div> </div></div> At the time of the 2011 census, 68.44% of the population spoke <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>, 19.49% <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, 3.47% <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, 2.24% <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a>, 2.02% <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> and 1.90% <a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a> as their first language.<a href="#cite_note-language-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ahmedabad" title="Geography of Ahmedabad">Geography of Ahmedabad</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cloth_map_of_ahmedabad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cloth_map_of_ahmedabad.jpg/220px-Cloth_map_of_ahmedabad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cloth_map_of_ahmedabad.jpg/330px-Cloth_map_of_ahmedabad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Cloth_map_of_ahmedabad.jpg/440px-Cloth_map_of_ahmedabad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>19th-century painted cloth map of Ahmedabad</figcaption></figure> Ahmedabad lies in <a href="/wiki/Western_India" title="Western India">western India</a> at 53 metres (174 ft) above sea level on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Sabarmati" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabarmati">Sabarmati</a> river, in north-central Gujarat. It covers an area of 505 km2 (195 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-Municipal_Extensions-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-Municipalities_have_extension_in_Gujarat-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-AMC_Expands-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-AMC-95">[95]</a> The Sabarmati frequently dried up in the summer, leaving only a small stream of water, and the city is in a sandy and dry area. However, with the execution of the <a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Riverfront" title="Sabarmati Riverfront">Sabarmati River Front</a> Project and Embankment, the waters from the <a href="/wiki/Narmada_River" title="Narmada River">Narmada</a> river have been diverted to the Sabarmati to keep the river flowing throughout the year, thereby eliminating Ahmedabad's water problems. The steady expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Rann_of_Kutch" title="Rann of Kutch">Rann of Kutch</a> threatened to increase desertification around the city area and much of the state; however, the Narmada Canal network is expected to alleviate this problem. Except for the small hills of <a href="/wiki/Thaltej-Jodhpur_Tekra" title="Thaltej-Jodhpur Tekra">Thaltej-Jodhpur Tekra</a>, the city is almost flat. Three lakes lie within the city's limits—<a href="/wiki/Kankaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kankaria">Kankaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vastrapur_Lake" title="Vastrapur Lake">Vastrapur</a> and Chandola. Kankaria, in the neighbourhood of <a href="/wiki/Maninagar" title="Maninagar">Maninagar</a>, is an artificial lake developed by the Sultan of Gujarat, Qutb-ud-din, in 1451.<a href="#cite_note-kankaria-96">[96]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Standards" title="Bureau of Indian Standards">Bureau of Indian Standards</a>, the town falls under <a href="/wiki/Earthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthquake hazard zoning of India">seismic zone 3</a>, in a scale of 2 to 5 (in order of increasing vulnerability to earthquakes).<a href="#cite_note-hazardprofile-97">[97]</a> Ahmedabad is divided by the Sabarmati into two physically distinct eastern and western regions. The eastern bank of the river houses the old city, which includes the central town of <a href="/wiki/Bhadra_Fort" title="Bhadra Fort">Bhadra</a>. This part of Ahmedabad is characterised by packed <a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">bazaars</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pol_(housing)" title="Pol (housing)">pol</a> system of closely clustered buildings, and numerous places of worship.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> A pol (pronounced as pole) is a housing cluster which comprises many families of a particular group, linked by <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">caste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Profession" title="Profession">profession</a>, or religion.<a href="#cite_note-Others-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_pols_in_Ahmedabad" title="List of pols in Ahmedabad">This is a list of pols</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Ahmedabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Ahmedabad">old walled city</a><a href="#cite_note-Others-99">[99]</a> of Ahmedabad in <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, India. Heritage of these pols<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> has helped Ahmedabad gain a place in <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s Tentative Lists, in <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Cultural_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">selection criteria</a> II, III and IV.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> The secretary-general of EuroIndia Centre quoted that if 12,000 <a href="/wiki/Havelis" class="mw-redirect" title="Havelis">homes</a> of Ahmedabad are restored they could be very helpful in promoting heritage tourism and its allied businesses.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The Art Reverie in Moto Sutharvado is <a href="/wiki/Res_Artis" title="Res Artis">Res Artis</a> center. The first pol in Ahmedabad was named Mahurat Pol.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> The old city also houses the main railway station, the main post office, and some buildings of the Muzaffarid and British eras. The colonial period saw the expansion of the city to the western side of the Sabarmati river, facilitated by the construction of <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Bridge" title="Ellis Bridge">Ellis Bridge</a> in 1875 (and later the modern <a href="/wiki/Nehru_Bridge" title="Nehru Bridge">Nehru Bridge</a>). The western part of the city houses educational institutions, modern buildings, residential areas, shopping malls, multiplexes and new business districts centred around roads such as <a href="/wiki/Ashram_Road" title="Ashram Road">Ashram Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/C._G._Road" class="mw-redirect" title="C. G. Road">C. G. Road</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sarkhej-Gandhinagar_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway">Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmedabad_Panorama_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="There are nine bridges on the river Sabarmati that connect the eastern and western regions."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ahmedabad_Panorama_1.jpg/800px-Ahmedabad_Panorama_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Ahmedabad_Panorama_1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="175" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmedabad_Panorama_1.jpg" title="File:Ahmedabad Panorama 1.jpg"> </a></div>There are nine bridges on the river Sabarmati that connect the eastern and western regions.</div></div></div> The <a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Riverfront" title="Sabarmati Riverfront">Sabarmati Riverfront</a> is a waterfront area being developed along the banks of the Sabarmati river in Ahmedabad, India. Proposed in the 1960s, its construction began in 2005, and it opened in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Ahmedabad has a <a href="/wiki/Hot_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot semi-arid climate">hot semi-arid climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hot_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot semi-arid climate">BSh</a>), with marginally less rain than required for a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">tropical savanna climate</a>. There are three main seasons: summer, monsoon, and winter. Aside from the monsoon season, the climate is extremely dry. The weather is hot from March to June; the average summer maximum is 43 °C (109 °F), and the average minimum is 24 °C (75 °F). From November to February, the average maximum temperature is 30 °C (86 °F), and the average minimum is 13 °C (55 °F). Cold winds from the north are responsible for a mild chill in January. The southwest monsoon brings a humid climate from mid-June to mid-September. The average annual rainfall is about 800 millimetres (31 in), but infrequent heavy torrential rains cause local rivers to flood and it is not uncommon for droughts to occur when the monsoon does not extend as far west as usual. The highest temperature in the city was recorded on 20 May 2016, with it reaching 48 °C (118 °F).<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Ahmedabad (1991–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1 (97.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.6 (105.1) </td> <td style="background: #DD0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.9 (111.0) </td> <td style="background: #BE0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.2 (115.2) </td> <td style="background: #A50000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.0 (118.4) </td> <td style="background: #B00000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47.2 (117.0) </td> <td style="background: #F50000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.2 (108.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.4 (104.7) </td> <td style="background: #FC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.7 (107.1) </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.8 (109.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9 (102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6 (96.1) </td> <td style="background: #A50000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">48.0 (118.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9 (82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0 (87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8 (96.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0C00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.7 (103.5) </td> <td style="background: #FA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.8 (107.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0 (102.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7 (92.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.3 (90.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6 (92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6 (96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1 (91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5 (85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.4 (93.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1 (68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8 (73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7 (81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9 (89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5 (94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3 (91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8 (85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8 (83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3 (84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8 (83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1 (77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6 (70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.8 (82.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4 (54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6 (58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6 (67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2 (75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3 (81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7 (81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1 (79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3 (77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9 (76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8 (71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2 (63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6 (56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.2 (70.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 (37.9) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 (36.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 (48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8 (55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1 (66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4 (66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4 (68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2 (70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2 (63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 (54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 (46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 (38.5) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.2 (36.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 (0.05) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 (0.02) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 (0.04) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 (0.10) </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 (0.22) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.3 (3.32) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">310.1 (12.21) </td> <td style="background: #009500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">242.2 (9.54) </td> <td style="background: #45FF45; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.2 (4.73) </td> <td style="background: #EBFFEB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1 (0.52) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 (0.07) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 (0.04) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">783.6 (30.85) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">33.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) (at 17:30 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>) </th> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26 </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.25 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 (48) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 (50) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 (50) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14 (57) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 (66) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23 (73) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 (77) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 (77) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24 (75) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 (66) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14 (57) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 (52) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17 (62) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #EBEB04; color:#000000;" class="notheme">287.3 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">274.3 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">277.5 </td> <td style="background: #F0F00F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">297.2 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">329.6 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">238.3 </td> <td style="background: #BABA44; color:#000000;" class="notheme">130.1 </td> <td style="background: #B2B277; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111.4 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">220.6 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">290.7 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">274.1 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">288.6 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,019.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDnormals-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMD2-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDextremes-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDcityrainfall-111">[111]</a> Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: NOAA (sun 1971–1990),<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-113">[113]</a> IEM ASOS (May record high)<a href="#cite_note-IEM-114">[114]</a> Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020);<a href="#cite_note-TCC1-115">[115]</a> Weather Atlas<a href="#cite_note-Weather_Atlas-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDcityextremes2-117">[117]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> Following a <a href="/wiki/Heat_wave" title="Heat wave">heat wave</a> in May 2010, which reached 46.8 °C (116.2 °F) and claimed hundreds of lives,<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Municipal_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation">Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation</a> (AMC), in partnership with an international coalition of health and academic groups and with support from the <a href="/wiki/Climate_%26_Development_Knowledge_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate & Development Knowledge Network">Climate & Development Knowledge Network</a>, developed the Ahmedabad Heat Action Plan.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Aimed at increasing awareness, sharing information and coordinating responses to reduce the health effects of heat on vulnerable populations, the action plan is the first comprehensive plan in Asia to address the threat of adverse heat on health.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> It also focuses on community participation, building public awareness of the risks of <a href="/wiki/Extreme_heat" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme heat">extreme heat</a>, training medical and community workers to respond to and help prevent heat-related illnesses, and coordinating an interagency emergency response effort when heat waves hit.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Ahmedabad has been ranked 7th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' <a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cityscape">edit</a>]</div> Early in Ahmedabad's history, under <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shah_of_Gujarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Shah of Gujarat">Ahmed Shah</a>, builders fused Hindu craftsmanship with <a href="/wiki/Persian_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian architecture">Persian architecture</a>, giving rise to the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Saracenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Saracenic">Indo-Saracenic</a> style.<a href="#cite_note-KishoreSharma-123">[123]</a> Many mosques in the city were built in this fashion.<a href="#cite_note-KishoreSharma-123">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sidi_Saiyyed_Mosque" title="Sidi Saiyyed Mosque">Sidi Saiyyed Mosque</a> was built in the last year of the Sultanate of Gujarat. It is entirely arched and has ten stone latticework windows or <a href="/wiki/Jali" title="Jali">jali</a> on the side and rear arches. Private mansions or <a href="/wiki/Haveli" title="Haveli">haveli</a> from this era have carvings.<a href="#cite_note-Others-99">[99]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Pol_(housing)" title="Pol (housing)">pol</a> is a typical housing cluster of <a href="/wiki/Old_Ahmedabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Ahmedabad">Old Ahmedabad</a>. After independence, modern buildings appeared in Ahmedabad. Architects given commissions in the city included <a href="/wiki/Louis_Kahn" title="Louis Kahn">Louis Kahn</a>, who designed the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Ahmedabad" title="Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad">IIM-A</a>; <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a>, who designed the <a href="/wiki/Villa_Shodhan" title="Villa Shodhan">Shodhan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Villa_Sarabhai" title="Villa Sarabhai">Sarabhai Villas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sanskar_Kendra" title="Sanskar Kendra">Sanskar Kendra</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mill_Owners%27_Association_Building" title="Mill Owners' Association Building">Mill Owners' Association Building</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a>, who designed the administrative building of <a href="/wiki/Calico_Mills" title="Calico Mills">Calico Mills</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Calico_Dome" title="Calico Dome">Calico Dome</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <a href="/wiki/B._V._Doshi" title="B. V. Doshi">B. V. Doshi</a> came to the city from Paris to supervise Le Corbusier's works and later set up the <a href="/wiki/CEPT_University" title="CEPT University">School of Architecture</a> (now CEPT). His local works include Sangath, <a href="/wiki/Amdavad_ni_Gufa" title="Amdavad ni Gufa">Amdavad ni Gufa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tagore_Memorial_Hall" title="Tagore Memorial Hall">Tagore Memorial Hall</a> and the School of Architecture. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Correa" title="Charles Correa">Charles Correa</a>, who became a partner of Doshi's, designed the <a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Ashram" title="Sabarmati Ashram">Gandhi Ashram</a> and <a href="/wiki/Achyut_Kanvinde" title="Achyut Kanvinde">Achyut Kanvinde</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Textile_Industry%27s_Research_Association" title="Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association">Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association</a> complex.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-GansCorbusier2006-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-GargianiRosellini2011-128">[128]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Charles_Benninger" title="Christopher Charles Benninger">Christopher Charles Benninger</a>'s first work, the Alliance Française, is located in the Ellis Bridge area.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anant_Raje" title="Anant Raje">Anant Raje</a> designed major additions to <a href="/wiki/Louis_Kahn" title="Louis Kahn">Louis Kahn</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management,_Ahmedabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad">IIM-A</a> campus, namely the Ravi Mathai Auditorium and KLMD.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Some of the most visited gardens in the city include <a href="/wiki/Law_Garden" title="Law Garden">Law Garden</a>, Victoria Garden, and Bal Vatika. Law Garden was named after the College of Law located nearby. Victoria Garden is located at the southern edge of the Bhadra Fort and contains a statue of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>. Bal Vatika is a children's park situated on the grounds of <a href="/wiki/Kankaria_Lake" title="Kankaria Lake">Kankaria Lake</a> and houses an amusement park. Other gardens in the city include <a href="/wiki/Parimal_Garden" title="Parimal Garden">Parimal Garden</a>, Usmanpura Garden, Prahlad Nagar Garden, and Lal Darwaja Garden.<a href="#cite_note-Law_garden-131">[131]</a> Ahmedabad's Kamla Nehru Zoological Park houses a number of endangered species including flamingoes, <a href="/wiki/Caracal" title="Caracal">caracals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole">Asiatic wolves</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chinkara" title="Chinkara">chinkara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cza-132">[132]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Kankaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kankaria">Kankaria</a> Lake, built in 1451 CE, is one of the biggest lakes in Ahmedabad.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> In earlier days, it was known by the name Qutub Hoj or Hauj-e-Kutub.<a href="#cite_note-kndfg-134">[134]</a> Lal Bahadur Shastri lake in Bapunagar is almost 136,000 square metres. In 2010, another 34 lakes were planned in and around Ahmedabad of which five lakes will be developed by AMC; the other 29 will be developed by the <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Urban_Development_Authority" title="Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority">Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority</a> (AUDA).<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vastrapur_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Vastrapur lake">Vastrapur Lake</a> is a small artificial lake located in the western part of Ahmedabad. Beautified by local authorities in 2002, it is surrounded by greenery and paved walkways and has become a popular leisure spot for the citizens.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chandola_Lake" title="Chandola Lake">Chandola Lake</a> covers an area of 1200 hectares. It is home to <a href="/wiki/Cormorants" class="mw-redirect" title="Cormorants">cormorants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Painted_stork" title="Painted stork">painted storks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spoonbill" title="Spoonbill">spoonbills</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> During the evening time, many people visit this place and take a leisurely stroll.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> There is a recently developed lake in <a href="/wiki/Naroda" title="Naroda">Naroda</a>,<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> and there is also the world's largest collection of antique cars in Kathwada at IB farm (Dastan Farm).<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> AMC has also developed the <a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Riverfront" title="Sabarmati Riverfront">Sabarmati Riverfront</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mahadevia-141">[141]</a> Looking at the health of traffic police staff deployed near the Pirana dump site, the <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_City_Police" title="Ahmedabad City Police">Ahmedabad City Police</a> is going to install outdoor <a href="/wiki/Air_purifier" title="Air purifier">air purifiers</a> at traffic points so that the deployed staff can breathe fresh air.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sidi-Saiyyed-Jaali-Ahmedabad.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sidi Saiyyed Mosque"><img alt="Sidi Saiyyed Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Sidi-Saiyyed-Jaali-Ahmedabad.jpg/267px-Sidi-Saiyyed-Jaali-Ahmedabad.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Sidi-Saiyyed-Jaali-Ahmedabad.jpg/401px-Sidi-Saiyyed-Jaali-Ahmedabad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Sidi-Saiyyed-Jaali-Ahmedabad.jpg/534px-Sidi-Saiyyed-Jaali-Ahmedabad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1952" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sidi_Saiyyed_Mosque" title="Sidi Saiyyed Mosque">Sidi Saiyyed Mosque</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosque_of_Sidi_Sayed_Jaali.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A marble screen from the exterior of the Sidi Saiyyed Mosque"><img alt="A marble screen from the exterior of the Sidi Saiyyed Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mosque_of_Sidi_Sayed_Jaali.JPG/260px-Mosque_of_Sidi_Sayed_Jaali.JPG" decoding="async" width="174" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mosque_of_Sidi_Sayed_Jaali.JPG/391px-Mosque_of_Sidi_Sayed_Jaali.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mosque_of_Sidi_Sayed_Jaali.JPG/520px-Mosque_of_Sidi_Sayed_Jaali.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2341" data-file-height="1809" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A marble screen from the exterior of the Sidi Saiyyed Mosque</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 300.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 298.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jama_Masjid,_Ahmedabad_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jama Mosque"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Jama_Masjid%2C_Ahmedabad_01.jpg/448px-Jama_Masjid%2C_Ahmedabad_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="299" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Jama_Masjid%2C_Ahmedabad_01.jpg/673px-Jama_Masjid%2C_Ahmedabad_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Jama_Masjid%2C_Ahmedabad_01.jpg/896px-Jama_Masjid%2C_Ahmedabad_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4755" data-file-height="2134" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jama_Mosque,_Ahmedabad" title="Jama Mosque, Ahmedabad">Jama Mosque</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hathee-Singh-Jain-Temple-Ahmedabad.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hutheesing Jain Derasar main entrance"><img alt="Hutheesing Jain Derasar main entrance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Hathee-Singh-Jain-Temple-Ahmedabad.jpg/267px-Hathee-Singh-Jain-Temple-Ahmedabad.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Hathee-Singh-Jain-Temple-Ahmedabad.jpg/401px-Hathee-Singh-Jain-Temple-Ahmedabad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Hathee-Singh-Jain-Temple-Ahmedabad.jpg/534px-Hathee-Singh-Jain-Temple-Ahmedabad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1952" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hutheesing Jain Derasar main entrance</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 90.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 88.666666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pole_44.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pol area of Old Ahmedabad"><img alt="Pol area of Old Ahmedabad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pole_44.jpg/133px-Pole_44.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pole_44.jpg/200px-Pole_44.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pole_44.jpg/266px-Pole_44.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4928" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pol_(housing)" title="Pol (housing)">Pol</a> area of <a href="/wiki/Old_Ahmedabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Ahmedabad">Old Ahmedabad</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 203.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 201.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sabarmati_riverside.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sabarmati Riverfront"><img alt="Sabarmati Riverfront" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Sabarmati_riverside.jpg/302px-Sabarmati_riverside.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Sabarmati_riverside.jpg/453px-Sabarmati_riverside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Sabarmati_riverside.jpg/603px-Sabarmati_riverside.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Riverfront" title="Sabarmati Riverfront">Sabarmati Riverfront</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kankaria_lake.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Kankaria Lake, Ahmedabad"><img alt="Kankaria Lake, Ahmedabad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Kankaria_lake.JPG/268px-Kankaria_lake.JPG" decoding="async" width="179" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Kankaria_lake.JPG/403px-Kankaria_lake.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Kankaria_lake.JPG 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kankaria_Lake" title="Kankaria Lake">Kankaria Lake</a>, Ahmedabad</div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civic_administration">Civic administration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Civic administration">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gujarat-High-Court.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gujarat-High-Court.jpg/220px-Gujarat-High-Court.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gujarat-High-Court.jpg/330px-Gujarat-High-Court.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gujarat-High-Court.jpg/440px-Gujarat-High-Court.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1569" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_High_Court" title="Gujarat High Court">Gujarat High Court</a> in Ahmedabad</figcaption></figure> Ahmedabad is the administrative headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_district" title="Ahmedabad district">Ahmedabad district</a> and is administered by the <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Municipal_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation">Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation</a> (AMC). The AMC was established in July 1950 under the Bombay Provincial Corporation Act of 1949. The AMC commissioner is an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">Indian Administrative Service</a> (IAS) officer appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Gujarat" title="Government of Gujarat">state government</a> who reserves the administrative executive powers, whereas the corporation is headed by the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Ahmedabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Ahmedabad">mayor of Ahmedabad</a>. The city residents elect the 192 <a href="/wiki/Councillor" title="Councillor">municipal councillors</a> by popular vote and the elected councillors select the deputy mayor and mayor of the city. The mayor, Bijal Patel, was appointed on 14 June 2018.<a href="#cite_note-AhmMir-15Jun-143">[143]</a> The administrative responsibilities of the AMC are water and sewerage services, primary education, health services, fire services, public transport and the city's infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-AMC-95">[95]</a> AMC was ranked 9th out of 21 cities for "the best governance & administrative practices in India in 2014. It scored 3.4 out of 10 compared to the national average of 3.3."<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Ahmedabad registers two accidents per hour.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> The city is divided into seven zones constituting 48 wards.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> The city's urban and suburban areas are administered by the <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Urban_Development_Authority" title="Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority">Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority</a> (AUDA). <ul><li>The city is represented by two elected members of parliament in the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> (the lower house of the Indian Parliament) and 21 <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly">members of the Legislative Assembly</a> at the Gujarat <a href="/wiki/Vidhan_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidhan Sabha">Vidhan Sabha</a> (state legislative assembly).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_High_Court" title="Gujarat High Court">Gujarat High Court</a> is located in Ahmedabad, making the city the judicial capital of Gujarat.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></li> <li>Law enforcement and public safety is maintained by the <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_City_Police" title="Ahmedabad City Police">Ahmedabad City Police</a>, which is headed by the <a href="/wiki/Police_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Police Commissioner">Police Commissioner</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">Indian Police Service</a> (IPS) officer.<a href="#cite_note-Saikia_new_Ahmedabad_police_chief-149">[149]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_services">Public services</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Public services">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Health services are primarily provided at <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_civil_hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmedabad civil hospital">Ahmedabad civil hospital</a>, the largest civil hospital in Asia.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a></li> <li>Electricity is generated and distributed by <a href="/wiki/Torrent_Power" title="Torrent Power">Torrent Power</a> Limited, which is owned and operated by the Ahmedabad Electricity Company (a previously state-run corporation).<a href="#cite_note-torrent-151">[151]</a> Ahmedabad is one of the few cities in India where the power sector is privatised.<a href="#cite_note-Vedavalli2007-152">[152]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ahmedabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Ahmedabad">Culture of Ahmedabad</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Navratri_Garba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Navratri_Garba.jpg/220px-Navratri_Garba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Navratri_Garba.jpg/330px-Navratri_Garba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Navratri_Garba.jpg/440px-Navratri_Garba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> celebrations in Ahmedabad</figcaption></figure> Ahmedabad is known for its rich architecture, traditional housing designs, community-oriented settlement patterns, urban structure, as well as its unique crafts and mercantile culture.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> The people of Ahmedabad celebrate a vast range of festivals. Celebrations and observances include <a href="/wiki/Uttarayana" title="Uttarayana">Uttarayan</a>, a harvest festival which involves kite-flying on 14 and 15 January. The nine nights of <a href="/wiki/Navratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Navratri">Navratri</a> are celebrated with people performing <a href="/wiki/Garba_(dance)" title="Garba (dance)">Garba</a>, the most popular folk dance of Gujarat, at venues across the city. The annual <a href="/wiki/Rath_Yatra" class="mw-redirect" title="Rath Yatra">Rath Yatra</a> procession takes place on the Ashadh-sud-bij date of the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendar</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple,_Ahmedabad" title="Jagannath Temple, Ahmedabad">Jagannath Temple</a>. Festivals like Diwali, Holi, Christmas, and Muharram (pan-Indian festivals) are also celebrated.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Cuisine">edit</a>]</div> One of the most popular dishes in Ahmedabad is the Gujarati <a href="/wiki/Thali" title="Thali">thali</a>, which was first served commercially by Chandvilas Hotel in 1900.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> It consists of <a href="/wiki/Roti" title="Roti">roti</a> (chapati), <a href="/wiki/Dal" title="Dal">dal</a>, rice, and shaak (cooked vegetables, sometimes with <a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">curry</a>), with accompaniments of <a href="/wiki/Indian_pickle" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian pickle">pickles</a> and roasted <a href="/wiki/Papad" class="mw-redirect" title="Papad">papads</a>. Sweet dishes include <a href="/wiki/Laddu" title="Laddu">laddoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a>, and vedhmi. Dhoklas, theplas, and dhebras are other popularly consumed dishes in Ahmedabad.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Beverages include <a href="/wiki/Buttermilk" title="Buttermilk">buttermilk</a> and tea. Drinking alcohol is legally banned in Ahmedabad as Gujarat is a 'dry' state.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> There are many restaurants, which serve Indian and international cuisines. Most of food outlets serve only vegetarian food, as there exists a strong tradition of vegetarianism that has been maintained by the city's Jain and Hindu communities over centuries.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> The first all-vegetarian <a href="/wiki/Pizza_Hut" title="Pizza Hut">Pizza Hut</a> in the world opened in Ahmedabad.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> KFC has a separate staff uniform for serving vegetarian items and prepares vegetarian food in a separate kitchen,<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> as does McDonald's.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> Ahmedabad has a number of restaurants serving typical <a href="/wiki/Mughlai_cuisine" title="Mughlai cuisine">Mughlai</a> non-vegetarian food in older areas like Bhatiyar Gali, <a href="/wiki/Kalupur" title="Kalupur">Kalupur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jamalpur,_Jaunpur" title="Jamalpur, Jaunpur">Jamalpur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/Manek_Chowk_(Ahmedabad)" title="Manek Chowk (Ahmedabad)">Manek Chowk</a> is an open square near the centre of the city that functions as a vegetable market in the morning and a jewellery market in the afternoon. However, it is best known for becoming a vast congregation of food stalls in the evening, which sell local <a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">street food</a>. It is named after the Hindu saint Baba <a href="/wiki/Maneknath" title="Maneknath">Maneknath</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Desai2007-166">[166]</a> The city has diverse food options for vegan community as well, <a href="/wiki/PETA_India" class="mw-redirect" title="PETA India">Peta India</a> has named Ahmedabad as India's most vegan friendly city of 2024.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art_&_Crafts">Art & Crafts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Art & Crafts">edit</a>]</div> Parts of Ahmedabad are known for their <a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">folk art</a>. The artisans of Rangeela pol make <a href="/wiki/Tie-dye" title="Tie-dye">tie-dyed</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerchief" title="Kerchief">bandhinis</a>, while the cobbler shops of Madhupura sell traditional mojdi (also known as mojri) footwear. Idols of the Hindu deity <a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a> and other religious icons are made in large numbers by artisans in the Gulbai Tekra area. In 2019, there was a surge in demand for eco-friendly idols due to increased awareness surrounding the effects of submerging the traditional plaster-of-paris idols in the Sabarmati river.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> The shops at the <a href="/wiki/Law_Garden" title="Law Garden">Law Garden</a> sell mirrorwork handicrafts.<a href="#cite_note-Law_garden-131">[131]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shree_Swaminarayan_Mandir_Kalupur_Ahmedabad_Gujarat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Shree_Swaminarayan_Mandir_Kalupur_Ahmedabad_Gujarat.jpg/220px-Shree_Swaminarayan_Mandir_Kalupur_Ahmedabad_Gujarat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Shree_Swaminarayan_Mandir_Kalupur_Ahmedabad_Gujarat.jpg/330px-Shree_Swaminarayan_Mandir_Kalupur_Ahmedabad_Gujarat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Shree_Swaminarayan_Mandir_Kalupur_Ahmedabad_Gujarat.jpg/440px-Shree_Swaminarayan_Mandir_Kalupur_Ahmedabad_Gujarat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The gate of <a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Temple,_Ahmedabad" title="Swaminarayan Temple, Ahmedabad">Swaminarayan Temple</a> in Kalupur, Ahmedabad</figcaption></figure> Three main literary institutions were established in Ahmedabad for the promotion of <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_literature" title="Gujarati literature">Gujarati literature</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Vidhya_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujarat Vidhya Sabha">Gujarat Vidhya Sabha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Sahitya_Parishad" title="Gujarati Sahitya Parishad">Gujarati Sahitya Parishad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Sahitya_Sabha" title="Gujarat Sahitya Sabha">Gujarat Sahitya Sabha</a>. <a href="/wiki/Saptak_School_of_Music" title="Saptak School of Music">Saptak School of Music</a> festival is held in the first week of the new year. This event was inaugurated by <a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sanskar_Kendra" title="Sanskar Kendra">Sanskar Kendra</a>, one of the several buildings in Ahmedabad designed by <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a>, is a museum displaying the city's history, art, culture, and architecture. The <a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Smarak_Sangrahalaya" title="Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya">Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel_National_Memorial" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Memorial">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Memorial</a> have permanent displays of photographs, documents, and other articles relating to the Gujarat-born Indian independence movement leaders <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Patel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar Patel">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Calico_Museum_of_Textiles" title="Calico Museum of Textiles">Calico Museum of Textiles</a> has a large collection of Indian and international fabrics, garments, and textiles.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hazrat_Pir_Mohammad_Shah_Library" title="Hazrat Pir Mohammad Shah Library">Hazrat Pir Mohammad Shah Library</a> has a collection of rare original manuscripts in Arabic, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> The Vechaar Utensils Museum has stainless steel, glass, brass, copper, bronze, zinc, and German silver tools on display.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Conflictorium" title="Conflictorium">Conflictorium</a> is an interactive installation space that explores conflict in society through art. The Shreyas Foundation has four museums on its campus. The Shreyas Folk Museum (Lokayatan Museum) has art forms and artefacts from various Gujarati communities. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_children%27s_museums_in_India" title="List of children's museums in India">Kalpana Mangaldas Children's Museum</a> has a collection of toys, puppets, dance and drama costumes, coins, and a repository of recorded music from traditional shows from all over the world. Kahani houses photographs of fairs and festivals of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>. Sangeeta Vadyakhand is a gallery of musical instruments from India and other countries.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> The L. D. Institute of Indology houses 76,000 hand-written Jain manuscripts with 500 illustrated versions and 45,000 printed books, making it the largest collection of Jain scripts, Indian sculptures, terracottas, miniature paintings, cloth paintings, painted scrolls, bronzes, woodwork, Indian coins, textiles and decorative art, paintings of <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a>, and art of Nepal and Tibet.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> The N. C. Mehta Gallery of Miniature Paintings has a collection of ornate miniature paintings and manuscripts from all over India.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> In 1949, the <a href="/wiki/Darpana_Academy_of_Performing_Arts" title="Darpana Academy of Performing Arts">Darpana Academy of Performing Arts</a> was established by the scientist <a href="/wiki/Dr._Vikram_Sarabhai" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Vikram Sarabhai">Dr. Vikram Sarabhai</a> and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Natyam" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharat Natyam">Bharat Natyam</a> dancer <a href="/wiki/Mrinalini_Sarabhai" title="Mrinalini Sarabhai">Mrinalini Sarabhai</a>. Its influence has led Ahmedabad to become a centre of <a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Indian classical dance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gujrat_university.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gujrat_university.JPG/220px-Gujrat_university.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gujrat_university.JPG/330px-Gujrat_university.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gujrat_university.JPG/440px-Gujrat_university.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_University" title="Gujarat University">Gujarat university, Ahmedabad</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ahmedabad" title="Education in Ahmedabad">Education in Ahmedabad</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary_education">Primary and secondary education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Primary and secondary education">edit</a>]</div> Schools in Ahmedabad are either run publicly by the AMC, or privately by entities, trusts, and corporations. The majority of schools are affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Secondary_and_Higher_Secondary_Education_Board" title="Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board">Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board</a>, although some are affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Central_Board_for_Secondary_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Board for Secondary Education">Central Board for Secondary Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Indian_School_Certificate_Examinations" title="Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations">Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations</a>, <a href="/wiki/IB_Diploma_Programme" title="IB Diploma Programme">International Baccalaureate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Open_Schooling" title="National Institute of Open Schooling">National Institute of Open School</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education_and_research_organizations">Higher education and research organizations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Higher education and research organizations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gujarat_College_Ahmedabad_Anupam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gujarat_College_Ahmedabad_Anupam.jpg/220px-Gujarat_College_Ahmedabad_Anupam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gujarat_College_Ahmedabad_Anupam.jpg/330px-Gujarat_College_Ahmedabad_Anupam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gujarat_College_Ahmedabad_Anupam.jpg/440px-Gujarat_College_Ahmedabad_Anupam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Gujarat College, established in 1860.</figcaption></figure> Several institutions of higher education with a focus on engineering, management, and design are located in Ahmedabad.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> The oldest higher educational institution is <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_College" title="Gujarat College">Gujarat College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> Among the <a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_and_colleges_in_Ahmedabad" title="Category:Universities and colleges in Ahmedabad">universities in Ahmedabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_University" title="Gujarat University">Gujarat University</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_university" title="Collegiate university">collegiate university</a> established in 1949<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> and has 286 affiliated colleges, 22 recognized institutions, and 36 postgraduate departments.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_National_Open_University" title="Indira Gandhi National Open University">Indira Gandhi National Open University</a>, commonly known as IGNOU is a public university in India and having an active regional centre in Ahmedabad region to offer 290 ODL programs and 40+ online programs to the students lives in the city.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Other state universities in the city include <a href="/wiki/Dr._Babasaheb_Ambedkar_Open_University" title="Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University">Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Technological_University" title="Gujarat Technological University">Gujarat Technological University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaushalya_Skill_University" title="Kaushalya Skill University">Kaushalya Skill University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Vidyapith" title="Gujarat Vidyapith">Gujarat Vidyapith</a>, located near the <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel_Stadium,_Ahmedabad" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium, Ahmedabad">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium</a>, was founded by <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> in 1920 and became a <a href="/wiki/Deemed_university" title="Deemed university">deemed university</a> in 1963.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Private universities located in the city include <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_University" title="Ahmedabad University">Ahmedabad University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <a href="/wiki/CEPT_University" title="CEPT University">CEPT University</a> (formerly Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology),<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <a href="/wiki/Indus_University_(Gujarat)" title="Indus University (Gujarat)">Indus University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nirma_University" title="Nirma University">Nirma University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> <a href="/wiki/GLS_University" title="GLS University">GLS University</a>,<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silver_Oak_University" title="Silver Oak University">Silver Oak University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> Two <a href="/wiki/Institutes_of_National_Importance" title="Institutes of National Importance">Institutes of National Importance</a> are located in the city—<a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Ahmedabad" title="Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad">Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Design,_Ahmedabad" title="National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad">National Institute of Design</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_Kahn_Plaza,_IIM_Ahmedabad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Louis_Kahn_Plaza%2C_IIM_Ahmedabad.jpg/220px-Louis_Kahn_Plaza%2C_IIM_Ahmedabad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Louis_Kahn_Plaza%2C_IIM_Ahmedabad.jpg/330px-Louis_Kahn_Plaza%2C_IIM_Ahmedabad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Louis_Kahn_Plaza%2C_IIM_Ahmedabad.jpg/440px-Louis_Kahn_Plaza%2C_IIM_Ahmedabad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Ahmedabad" title="Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad">Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad</a></figcaption></figure>Other institutions located in the city include the <a href="/wiki/Physical_Research_Laboratory" title="Physical Research Laboratory">Physical Research Laboratory</a>, which was established in 1947 by the physicist and astronomer <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Sarabhai" title="Vikram Sarabhai">Vikram Sarabhai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-198">[198]</a> It is an autonomous research institute under the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Space" title="Department of Space">Department of Space</a> with a focus on research in <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, experimental and <a href="/wiki/Theoretical_physics" title="Theoretical physics">theoretical physics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Earth_science" title="Earth science">earth sciences</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-198">[198]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Textile_Industry%27s_Research_Association" title="Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association">Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association (ATIRA)</a>, registered in 1947, is an autonomous, non-profit association engaged in operational and applied research in the textile industry.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmedabad_DoordarshanTower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ahmedabad_DoordarshanTower.jpg/220px-Ahmedabad_DoordarshanTower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ahmedabad_DoordarshanTower.jpg/330px-Ahmedabad_DoordarshanTower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ahmedabad_DoordarshanTower.jpg/440px-Ahmedabad_DoordarshanTower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Broadcasting tower of the Ahmedabad Doordarshan</figcaption></figure> Newspapers in Ahmedabad include English dailies such as <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Express">Indian Express</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daily_News_%26_Analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily News & Analysis">DNA</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Financial_Express_(India)" title="The Financial Express (India)">The Financial Express</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Mirror" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmedabad Mirror">Ahmedabad Mirror</a>, and Metro.<a href="#cite_note-newspapersss-200">[200]</a> Newspapers in other languages include <a href="/wiki/Divya_Bhaskar" title="Divya Bhaskar">Divya Bhaskar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Samachar" title="Gujarat Samachar">Gujarat Samachar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandesh_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandesh (newspaper)">Sandesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan_Patrika" title="Rajasthan Patrika">Rajasthan Patrika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sambhaav" title="Sambhaav">Sambhaav</a>, and Aankhodekhi.<a href="#cite_note-newspapersss-200">[200]</a> The city is home to the historic <a href="/wiki/Navajivan_Trust" title="Navajivan Trust">Navajivan Publishing House</a>, which was founded in 1919 by Mahatma Gandhi.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> The state-owned <a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">All India Radio</a> Ahmedabad is broadcast both on <a href="/wiki/Medium_wave" title="Medium wave">medium wave bands</a> and FM bands (96.7 MHz) in the city.<a href="#cite_note-Radio-202">[202]</a> It competes with five private local FM stations: <a href="/wiki/Radio_City_(Indian_radio_station)" title="Radio City (Indian radio station)">Radio City</a> (91.1 MHz), <a href="/wiki/Red_FM_93.5" class="mw-redirect" title="Red FM 93.5">Red FM</a> (93.5 MHz), My FM (94.3 MHz), <a href="/wiki/Radio_One_(India)" title="Radio One (India)">Radio One</a> (95.0 MHz), <a href="/wiki/Radio_Mirchi" title="Radio Mirchi">Radio Mirchi</a> (98.3 MHz) and Mirchi Love (104 MHz). <a href="/wiki/Gyan_Vani" title="Gyan Vani">Gyan Vani</a> (104.5 MHz) is an educational FM radio station run under the media co-operation model.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> In March 2012, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_University" title="Gujarat University">Gujarat University</a> started a campus radio service on 90.8 MHz, which was the first of its kind in the state and the fifth in India.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> The state-owned television broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Doordarshan" title="Doordarshan">Doordarshan</a> provides free terrestrial channels, while three <a href="/wiki/Multi_system_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi system operator">multi system operators</a>—InCablenet, <a href="/wiki/Siti_Cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Siti Cable">Siti Cable</a>, and GTPL—provide a mix of Gujarati, Hindi, English, and other regional channels via <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> Telephone services are provided by landline and mobile operators such as <a href="/wiki/Jio" title="Jio">Jio</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSNL_Mobile" title="BSNL Mobile">BSNL Mobile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharti_Airtel" title="Bharti Airtel">Airtel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Idea_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Vodafone Idea Limited">Vodafone Idea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ahmedabad" title="Economy of Ahmedabad">Economy of Ahmedabad</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SabarmatiThermalPlant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/SabarmatiThermalPlant.jpg/220px-SabarmatiThermalPlant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/SabarmatiThermalPlant.jpg/330px-SabarmatiThermalPlant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/SabarmatiThermalPlant.jpg/440px-SabarmatiThermalPlant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1063" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Torrent_Power" title="Torrent Power">Torrent Power</a> thermal power station at Sabarmati, Ahmedabad</figcaption></figure> The gross domestic product of Ahmedabad was estimated at $64 billion in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> The RBI ranked Ahmedabad as the seventh largest deposit centre and seventh largest credit centre nationwide as of June 2012.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> In the 19th century, the textile and garments industry received strong capital investment. On 30 May 1861 <a href="/wiki/Ranchhodlal_Chhotalal" title="Ranchhodlal Chhotalal">Ranchhodlal Chhotalal</a> founded the first Indian textile mill, the <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Spinning_and_Weaving_Company_Limited" title="Ahmedabad Spinning and Weaving Company Limited">Ahmedabad Spinning and Weaving Company Limited</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Textile_industry_of_Ahmedabad-210">[210]</a> followed by the establishment of a series of textile mills such as <a href="/wiki/Calico_Mills" title="Calico Mills">Calico Mills</a>, Bagicha Mills and <a href="/wiki/Arvind_Mills" class="mw-redirect" title="Arvind Mills">Arvind Mills</a>. By 1905 there were about 33 textile mills in the city.<a href="#cite_note-History_of_textile_industry_in_Ahmedabad-211">[211]</a> The textile industry underwent rapid expansion during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> and benefited from the influence of Mahatma Gandhi's <a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi movement</a>, which promoted the purchase of Indian-made goods.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> Ahmedabad was known as the "Manchester of the East" for its textile industry.<a href="#cite_note-manchester-55">[55]</a> The city is the largest supplier of denim and one of the largest exporters of <a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">gemstones</a> and jewellery in India.<a href="#cite_note-jnnurm-19">[19]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_India" title="Automotive industry in India">automobile industry</a> is also important to the city; after <a href="/wiki/Tata_Group" title="Tata Group">Tata's</a> <a href="/wiki/Tata_Nano" title="Tata Nano">Nano</a> project, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suzuki" title="Suzuki">Suzuki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Peugeot</a> have established engine and vehicle manufacturing plants near Ahmedabad.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Stock_Exchange" title="Ahmedabad Stock Exchange">Ahmedabad Stock Exchange</a>, located in the Ambavadi area of the city, is India's second oldest stock exchange. It is now defunct.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> Two of the biggest <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_India" title="Pharmaceutical industry in India">pharmaceutical companies of India</a>—<a href="/wiki/Zydus_Cadila" class="mw-redirect" title="Zydus Cadila">Zydus Lifesciences</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torrent_Pharmaceuticals" title="Torrent Pharmaceuticals">Torrent Pharmaceuticals</a>—are based in the city. The <a href="/wiki/Nirma" title="Nirma">Nirma</a> group of industries, which runs detergent and chemical industrial units, has its corporate headquarters in the city. The city houses the corporate headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Adani_Group" title="Adani Group">Adani Group</a>, a multinational trading and infrastructure development company.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Sarovar_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar Sarovar Project">Sardar Sarovar Project</a> of dams and canals has improved the supply of potable water and electricity for the city.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Information_technology_in_India" title="Information technology in India">information technology</a> industry has developed significantly in Ahmedabad, with companies such as <a href="/wiki/Tata_Consultancy_Services" title="Tata Consultancy Services">Tata Consultancy Services</a> opening offices in the city.<a href="#cite_note-Ahmedabad,_Kolkata_among_new_global_hotspots-219">[219]</a> A <a href="/wiki/NASSCOM" title="NASSCOM">NASSCOM</a> survey in 2002 on the "Super Nine Indian Destinations" for IT-enabled services ranked Ahmedabad fifth among the top nine most competitive cities in the country.<a href="#cite_note-Ahmedabad_joins_ITES_hot_spots-220">[220]</a> The city's educational and industrial institutions have attracted students and young skilled workers from the rest of India.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> Ahmedabad houses other major Indian corporates such as <a href="/wiki/Cadila_Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadila Healthcare">Cadila Healthcare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rasna_(drink)" title="Rasna (drink)">Rasna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Tea_Processors_%26_Packers_Ltd" title="Gujarat Tea Processors & Packers Ltd">Wagh Bakri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cadila_Pharmaceuticals" title="Cadila Pharmaceuticals">Cadila Pharmaceuticals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Intas_Biopharmaceuticals" class="mw-redirect" title="Intas Biopharmaceuticals">Intas Biopharmaceuticals</a>. Ahmedabad is the second largest cotton textile centre in India after Mumbai and the largest in Gujarat.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> Many cotton manufacturing units operate in and around Ahmedabad.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> Textiles are one of the major industries of the city.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation has acquired land in <a href="/wiki/Sanand" title="Sanand">Sanand</a> taluka of Ahmedabad to set up three new industrial estates.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmedabad_Airport_Terminal_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ahmedabad_Airport_Terminal_2.jpg/220px-Ahmedabad_Airport_Terminal_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ahmedabad_Airport_Terminal_2.jpg/330px-Ahmedabad_Airport_Terminal_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ahmedabad_Airport_Terminal_2.jpg/440px-Ahmedabad_Airport_Terminal_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport</a>, Ahmedabad</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sabarmati_Railway_Station.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Sabarmati_Railway_Station.JPG/220px-Sabarmati_Railway_Station.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Sabarmati_Railway_Station.JPG/330px-Sabarmati_Railway_Station.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Sabarmati_Railway_Station.JPG/440px-Sabarmati_Railway_Station.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Sabarmati Railway Station</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_inaugurating_the_Ahmedabad_Metro_in_Ahmedabad,_Gujarat_on_September_30,_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_inaugurating_the_Ahmedabad_Metro_in_Ahmedabad%2C_Gujarat_on_September_30%2C_2022.jpg/220px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_inaugurating_the_Ahmedabad_Metro_in_Ahmedabad%2C_Gujarat_on_September_30%2C_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_inaugurating_the_Ahmedabad_Metro_in_Ahmedabad%2C_Gujarat_on_September_30%2C_2022.jpg/330px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_inaugurating_the_Ahmedabad_Metro_in_Ahmedabad%2C_Gujarat_on_September_30%2C_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_inaugurating_the_Ahmedabad_Metro_in_Ahmedabad%2C_Gujarat_on_September_30%2C_2022.jpg/440px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_inaugurating_the_Ahmedabad_Metro_in_Ahmedabad%2C_Gujarat_on_September_30%2C_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1761" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Metro" title="Ahmedabad Metro">Ahmedabad Metro</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport</a>, located in Hansol and operated by the <a href="/wiki/Adani_Group" title="Adani Group">Adani Group</a>, is Ahmedabad's principal airport.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Dholera_International_Airport" title="Dholera International Airport">Dholera International Airport</a>, located 110 km southwest of central Ahmedabad in Navagam village, is currently under construction and expects completion of its first phase by 2025.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_railway_division" title="Ahmedabad railway division">Ahmedabad railway division</a>, an operating division under the <a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_zone" title="Western Railway zone">Western Railway zone</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railways" title="Indian Railways">Indian Railways</a>, is headquartered in the city.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmedabad railway station">Ahmedabad Junction railway station</a>, locally known as Kalupur railway station,<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> is Ahmedabad's primary and Gujarat's busiest railway hub.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> Other major railway stations that service the city include <a href="/wiki/Chandlodiya_railway_station" title="Chandlodiya railway station">Chandlodiya</a>,<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gandhigram_railway_station" title="Gandhigram railway station">Gandhigram</a>,<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> <a href="/wiki/Maninagar_railway_station" title="Maninagar railway station">Maninagar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Junction_railway_station" title="Sabarmati Junction railway station">Sabarmati Junction</a>.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> Public transit includes the <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Metro" title="Ahmedabad Metro">Ahmedabad Metro</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit system</a> inaugurated in March 2019 with 40 km of track on two lines (East-West and North-South) and a daily ridership of 90,000.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> Phase 2 of the Ahmedabad Metro—connecting Motera Stadium northwards to Mahatma Mandir in Gandhinagar—began construction in February 2021 and is expected to be complete by 2026.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> Other public transit options include the <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Bus_Rapid_Transit_System" title="Ahmedabad Bus Rapid Transit System">Ahmedabad BRTS</a>, also known as Janmarg (people's way), a bus rapid transit system inaugurated in October 2009 with a total fleet of 325 buses over 19 routes and a daily ridership of 190,000.<a href="#cite_note-:6-242">[242]</a> Bus transportation is also provided by <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Municipal_Transport_Service" title="Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Service">Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Service</a> (AMTS) with 700 buses over 149 routes.<a href="#cite_note-:6-242">[242]</a> Both the Ahmedabad BRTS and the AMTS are overseen by the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> Ahmedabad also has self drive car rental service provided by private companies like Just Drive Self Drive Cars. The Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation introduced "AmdaBike," a public bicycle sharing system, in December 2019 to improve last mile connectivity.<a href="#cite_note-:7-245">[245]</a> <a href="/wiki/MYBYK" title="MYBYK">MYBYK</a> is the main service provider for AmdaBike with 300 bicycle stations—including at Ahmedabad BRTS stations—and 4,000 bicycles.<a href="#cite_note-:7-245">[245]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Road">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_48_(India)" title="National Highway 48 (India)">National Highway 48</a> passes through Ahmedabad and connects it with <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>. The <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_147_(India)" title="National Highway 147 (India)">National Highway 147</a> also links Ahmedabad to Gandhinagar. It is connected to <a href="/wiki/Vadodara" title="Vadodara">Vadodara</a> through <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Vadodara_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmedabad Vadodara Expressway">National Expressway 1</a>, a 94 km (58 mi)-long expressway with two exits. This expressway is part of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Quadrilateral" title="Golden Quadrilateral">Golden Quadrilateral</a> project.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> In 2001, Ahmedabad was ranked as the most-polluted city in India out of 85 cities by the Central Pollution Control Board. The <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Pollution_Control_Board" title="Gujarat Pollution Control Board">Gujarat Pollution Control Board</a> gave auto rickshaw drivers an incentive of ₹10,000 to convert the fuel of all 37,733 auto rickshaws in Ahmedabad to cleaner-burning <a href="/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">compressed natural gas</a> to reduce pollution. As a result, in 2008, Ahmedabad was ranked as the 50th most-polluted city in India.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmedabad_Inner_Ring_Road_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ahmedabad_Inner_Ring_Road_Skyline.jpg/220px-Ahmedabad_Inner_Ring_Road_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ahmedabad_Inner_Ring_Road_Skyline.jpg/330px-Ahmedabad_Inner_Ring_Road_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ahmedabad_Inner_Ring_Road_Skyline.jpg/440px-Ahmedabad_Inner_Ring_Road_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption>Ahmedabad 132 feet Ring Road Skyline</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aka_arena_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Aka_arena_.jpg/220px-Aka_arena_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Aka_arena_.jpg/330px-Aka_arena_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Aka_arena_.jpg/440px-Aka_arena_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/EKA_Arena" title="EKA Arena">EKA Arena</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Multi-purpose_stadium" title="Multi-purpose stadium">multi-purpose stadium</a> in the city</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_India" title="Cricket in India">Cricket</a> is one of the most popular sports in the city.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi_Stadium" title="Narendra Modi Stadium">Narendra Modi Stadium</a>, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Motera" title="Motera">Motera</a> Stadium, originally <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel_Stadium,_Ahmedabad" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium, Ahmedabad">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium</a> built in 1982, hosts both <a href="/wiki/One_day_international" class="mw-redirect" title="One day international">one day internationals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">test matches</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums_by_capacity" title="List of stadiums by capacity">largest stadium in the world by capacity</a>, with a seating capacity of 132,000 spectators.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> It hosted the 1987, 1996, 2011, and 2023 <a href="/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup" title="Cricket World Cup">Cricket World Cups</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Indian_Grounds-250">[250]</a> It is the home ground of the <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_cricket_team" title="Gujarat cricket team">Gujarat cricket team</a>, a <a href="/wiki/First-class_cricket" title="First-class cricket">first-class</a> team, which competes in domestic tournaments. Ahmedabad has a second cricket stadium at the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation's <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel_Stadium,_Ahmedabad" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium, Ahmedabad">Sports Club of Gujarat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel_Stadium-251">[251]</a> The final of 2023 Cricket World cup was held at the Narendra Modi Stadium.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> Ahmedabad is also home to the IPL team Gujarat Titans, who won its first title in 2022 in front of its home crowd.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> Other popular sports include <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">field hockey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">badminton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squash_(sport)" title="Squash (sport)">squash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a>. Ahmedabad has nine <a href="/wiki/Golf_course" title="Golf course">golf courses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Five_more_golf_courses_to_tee_off_in_state-254">[254]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mithakhali_Multi_Sports_Complex" title="Mithakhali Multi Sports Complex">Mithakhali Multi Sports Complex</a> is being developed by the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation to promote various indoor sports.<a href="#cite_note-Multi-crore_sports_complex_in_city-255">[255]</a> Ahmedabad has also hosted national level games for <a href="/wiki/Roller_skating" title="Roller skating">roller skating</a> and table tennis.<a href="#cite_note-Looking_to_Feature-256">[256]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kart_racing" title="Kart racing">Kart racing</a> is gaining popularity in the city, with the introduction of a 380 metre long track based on <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> design concepts.<a href="#cite_note-No_sense_of_adventure-257">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-Karting-258">[258]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sabarmati_marathon_2011-1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Sabarmati_marathon_2011-1.JPG/220px-Sabarmati_marathon_2011-1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Sabarmati_marathon_2011-1.JPG/330px-Sabarmati_marathon_2011-1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Sabarmati_marathon_2011-1.JPG/440px-Sabarmati_marathon_2011-1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Participants in the <a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Marathon" title="Sabarmati Marathon">Sabarmati Marathon</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Marathon" title="Sabarmati Marathon">Sabarmati Marathon</a> has been organized every year December–January since 2011; it has categories like a full and half-marathon, a 7 km dream run, a 5 km run for the visually disabled, and a 5 km wheelchair run.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> In 2007, Ahmedabad hosted the 51st national level <a href="/wiki/Shooting_sports" title="Shooting sports">shooting</a> games.<a href="#cite_note-National_Shooting_C'ships_to_be_held_at_Ahmedabad-260">[260]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2016_Kabaddi_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Kabaddi World Cup">2016 Kabaddi World Cup</a> was held in Ahmedabad at <a href="/wiki/The_Arena_(Ahmedabad)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Arena (Ahmedabad)">The Arena by Transtadia</a> (a renovated Kankaria football ground). <a href="/wiki/Geet_Sethi" title="Geet Sethi">Geet Sethi</a>, a five-time winner of the <a href="/wiki/World_Professional_Billiards_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="World Professional Billiards Championship">World Professional Billiards Championship</a> and a recipient of India's highest sporting award, the <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi_Khel_Ratna" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna">Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna</a>, was raised in Ahmedabad.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad_Marathon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmedabad Marathon (page does not exist)">Adani Ahmedabad Marathon</a> has been organized by the <a href="/wiki/Adani_Group" title="Adani Group">Adani Group</a> every year since 2017; it attracted 8,000 participants in its first edition and also hosted its first virtual marathon in 2020 in compliance with <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19</a> guidelines.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2036_Olympics">2036 Olympics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: 2036 Olympics">edit</a>]</div> Ahmedabad has been identified as a potential host city for the <a href="/wiki/2036_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2036 Summer Olympics">2036 Summer Olympics</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujarat government">Gujarat government</a> has identified 33 sites in and around Ahmedabad for the development of infrastructure to support the Olympic bid.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> The city's bid is also being shaped with international expertise, including Australian consultants.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> A Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) is being set up by the Gujarat government to manage Ahmedabad's bid for the games.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> The fate of the <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel_Stadium,_Ahmedabad" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium, Ahmedabad">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium</a> is under consideration as part of the city's preparation for the Olympics.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: International relations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities">Twin towns – sister cities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_India" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in India">List of twin towns and sister cities in India</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap 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.locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:402px"><div style="position:relative;width:400px;border:1px solid lightgray"><a href="/wiki/File:World_location_map_(equirectangular_180).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ahmedabad is located in Earth"><img alt="Ahmedabad is located in Earth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/400px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/600px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/800px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2521" data-file-height="1260" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.222%;left:70%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-5px;top:-5px"><img alt="Ahmedabad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/10px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/15px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/20px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:6px;left:-3em"><div>Ahmedabad</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.25%;left:63.343%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Astrakhan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.15%;left:81.461%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Guangzhou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.383%;left:29.428%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Jersey City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey City">Jersey City</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:World_location_map_(equirectangular_180).svg" title="File:World location map (equirectangular 180).svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Sister cities of Ahmedabad</div></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a>, Russia<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a>, United States (2008) <a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, China (September 2014)<a href="#cite_note-ndtv-269">[269]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey City">Jersey City</a>, United States (1994) <a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patan,_Gujarat" title="Patan, Gujarat">Patan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Ahmedabad" title="List of people from Ahmedabad">List of people from Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Ahmedabad" title="List of tallest buildings in Ahmedabad">List of tallest buildings in Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Ahmedabad" title="Timeline of Ahmedabad">Timeline of Ahmedabad</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dc-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dc_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dc_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPTI" class="citation web cs1">PTI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/india/gujarat/bjp-corporator-pratibha-jain-elected-as-mayor-of-ahmedabad-vadodara-too-gets-new-mayor-2681357">"BJP corporator Pratibha Jain elected as mayor of Ahmedabad; Vadodara too gets new mayor"</a>. Deccan Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240120063654/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/gujarat/bjp-corporator-pratibha-jain-elected-as-mayor-of-ahmedabad-vadodara-too-gets-new-mayor-2681357">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 10 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=BJP+corporator+Pratibha+Jain+elected+as+mayor+of+Ahmedabad%3B+Vadodara+too+gets+new+mayor&rft.au=PTI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Findia%2Fgujarat%2Fbjp-corporator-pratibha-jain-elected-as-mayor-of-ahmedabad-vadodara-too-gets-new-mayor-2681357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deshgujarat.com/2022/10/12/gujarat-government-transfers-23-ias-officers-amc-gmc-get-new-commissioners/">"Gujarat government transport 23 IAS officers; AMC GMC get new commissioners"</a>. DeshGujarat. 12 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221012101712/https://www.deshgujarat.com/2022/10/12/gujarat-government-transfers-23-ias-officers-amc-gmc-get-new-commissioners/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DeshGujarat&rft.atitle=Gujarat+government+transport+23+IAS+officers%3B+AMC+GMC+get+new+commissioners&rft.date=2022-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deshgujarat.com%2F2022%2F10%2F12%2Fgujarat-government-transfers-23-ias-officers-amc-gmc-get-new-commissioners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/70-ips-officers-transferred/81860906.html">"City police gets new M(a)alik"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240523192854/https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/70-ips-officers-transferred/81860906.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+police+gets+new+M%28a%29alik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahmedabadmirror.com%2F70-ips-officers-transferred%2F81860906.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.auda.org.in/Content/about-us-42">"About Us"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Urban_Development_Authority" title="Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority">Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200220004611/http://www.auda.org.in/Content/about-us-42">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ahmedabad+Urban+Development+Authority&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.auda.org.in%2FContent%2Fabout-us-42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-censusindia.gov.in-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-censusindia.gov.in_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-censusindia.gov.in_5-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42876/download/46544/CLASS_I.xlsx">https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42876/download/46544/CLASS_I.xlsx</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/SP/AboutAhmedabad">https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/SP/AboutAhmedabad</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-citypopulation.de-7"><a href="#cite_ref-citypopulation.de_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/India-Gujarat.html">"Gujarāt (India): State, Major Agglomerations & Cities – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts"</a>. citypopulation.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430115558/http://www.citypopulation.de/India-Gujarat.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Gujar%C4%81t+%28India%29%3A+State%2C+Major+Agglomerations+%26+Cities+%E2%80%93+Population+Statistics+in+Maps+and+Charts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2FIndia-Gujarat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/ahmedabad">https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/india/ahmedabad</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaushikParikh2019" class="citation web cs1">Kaushik, Himanshu; Parikh, Niyati (3 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gj-01-series-registers-12-drop-in-one-year/articleshow/67356737.cms">"GJ-01 series registers 12% drop in one year"</a>. The Times of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200808104137/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gj-01-series-registers-12-drop-in-one-year/articleshow/67356737.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=GJ-01+series+registers+12%25+drop+in+one+year&rft.date=2019-01-03&rft.aulast=Kaushik&rft.aufirst=Himanshu&rft.au=Parikh%2C+Niyati&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fahmedabad%2Fgj-01-series-registers-12-drop-in-one-year%2Farticleshow%2F67356737.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.undp.org/india/publications/district-human-development-reports">"District Human Development Reports United Nations Development Programme"</a>. UNDP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307163242/https://www.undp.org/india/publications/district-human-development-reports">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023. 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Retrieved 7 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Gujarat+elections+2022%3A+Seats+with+high+literacy+rates+record+low+voting+numbers&rft.date=2022-12-08&rft.issn=0971-8257&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fahmedabad%2Fgujarat-elections-2022-seats-with-high-literacy-rates-record-low-voting-numbers%2Farticleshow%2F96044854.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> |C40 Cities| <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.c40.org/cities/ahmedabad/">https://www.c40.org/cities/ahmedabad/</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> India's most populated cities <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/cities/india">https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/cities/india</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603043930/https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/cities/india">Archived</a> 3 June 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/ahmedabad-population">"Ahmedabad Population 2024"</a>. 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Retrieved 22 October 2021. <q>The Manchester of East, Ahmedabad, is among the richest cities of India. The city ranks eighth on the list with an estimated GDP of $68 billion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Times&rft.atitle=Richest+Cities+Of+India&rft.date=2021-10-22&rft.aulast=Tiwari&rft.aufirst=Anuj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatimes.com%2Ftrending%2Fsocial-relevance%2Ftop-10-richest-cities-in-india-2021-552132.html%3Fpicid%3D2181885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesnownews.com/ahmedabad/article/ahmedabad-rated-as-third-best-city-to-live-in-moves-up-by-20-spots-in-a-year/728623">"Ahmedabad rated as third best city to live in, moves up by 20 spots in a year"</a>. www.timesnownews.com. 5 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204601/https://www.timesnownews.com/ahmedabad/article/ahmedabad-rated-as-third-best-city-to-live-in-moves-up-by-20-spots-in-a-year/728623">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2021. 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The Times of India. 28 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160202024057/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Government-releases-list-of-20-smart-cities/articleshow/50756701.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Government+releases+list+of+20+smart+cities&rft.date=2016-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FGovernment-releases-list-of-20-smart-cities%2Farticleshow%2F50756701.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/600-year-old-smart-city-gets-world-heritage-tag/articleshow/59510439.cms">"600-year-old smart city gets World Heritage tag"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 9 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710094740/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/600-year-old-smart-city-gets-world-heritage-tag/articleshow/59510439.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=600-year-old+smart+city+gets+World+Heritage+tag&rft.date=2017-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fahmedabad%2F600-year-old-smart-city-gets-world-heritage-tag%2Farticleshow%2F59510439.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichellShah198817-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichellShah198817_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichellShah198817_29-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMichellShah1988">Michell & Shah 1988</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBobbio2015164-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBobbio2015164_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBobbio2015164_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBobbio2015164_30-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFBobbio2015">Bobbio 2015</a>, p. 164. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichellShah198818-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichellShah198818_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMichellShah1988">Michell & Shah 1988</a>, p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner1996" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Jane (1996). The Dictionary of Art. Vol. 1. Grove. p. 471. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884446-00-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884446-00-9"><bdi>978-1-884446-00-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dictionary+of+Art&rft.pages=471&rft.pub=Grove&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-884446-00-9&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichellSnehal_ShahJohn_Burton-PageMehta,_Dinesh2006" class="citation book cs1">Michell, George; Snehal Shah; <a href="/wiki/John_Burton-Page" title="John Burton-Page">John Burton-Page</a>; Mehta, Dinesh (28 July 2006). Ahmadabad. Marg Publications. pp. 17–19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-85026-03-3" title="Special:BookSources/81-85026-03-3"><bdi>81-85026-03-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ahmadabad&rft.pages=17-19&rft.pub=Marg+Publications&rft.date=2006-07-28&rft.isbn=81-85026-03-3&rft.aulast=Michell&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Snehal+Shah&rft.au=John+Burton-Page&rft.au=Mehta%2C+Dinesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Madan-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Madan_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGopal1990" class="citation book cs1">Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada">India Through the Ages</a>. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/173">173</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+Through+the+Ages&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Publication+Division%2C+Ministry+of+Information+and+Broadcasting%2C+Government+of+India&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Gopal&rft.aufirst=Madan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findiathroughages00mada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWink1990" class="citation book cs1">Wink, André (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nyYslywJUE8C&q=gujarat+sultanate+tank+khatri&pg=PA143">Indo-Islamic Society: 14th - 15th Centuries</a>. Brill. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-13561-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-13561-1"><bdi>978-90-04-13561-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240729193612/https://books.google.com/books?id=nyYslywJUE8C&q=gujarat+sultanate+tank+khatri&pg=PA143#v=onepage&q=gujarat%20sultanate%20tank%20khatri&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2021. <q>Zafar Khan Muzaffar, the first independent ruler of Gujarat was not a foreign muslim but a Khatri convert, of a low subdivision called Tank, originally from Southern Punjab.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indo-Islamic+Society%3A+14th+-+15th+Centuries&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-90-04-13561-1&rft.aulast=Wink&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnyYslywJUE8C%26q%3Dgujarat%2Bsultanate%2Btank%2Bkhatri%26pg%3DPA143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-36"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapadia2018" class="citation book cs1">Kapadia, Aparna (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/in-praise-of-kings/355C797BE6B102214BF1C4A043450482">In Praise of Kings: Rajputs, Sultans and Poets in Fifteenth-century Gujarat</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-15331-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-15331-8"><bdi>978-1-107-15331-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603044226/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/in-praise-of-kings/355C797BE6B102214BF1C4A043450482">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021. <q>Gujarati historian Sikandar does narrate the story of Muzaffar Shah's ancestors having once been Hindu "Tanks", a branch of Khatris who trace their dynasty from the solar god.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Praise+of+Kings%3A+Rajputs%2C+Sultans+and+Poets+in+Fifteenth-century+Gujarat&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-107-15331-8&rft.aulast=Kapadia&rft.aufirst=Aparna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fin-praise-of-kings%2F355C797BE6B102214BF1C4A043450482&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sen2-37"><a href="#cite_ref-sen2_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSen2013" class="citation book cs1">Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 114–115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-80607-34-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-80607-34-4"><bdi>978-93-80607-34-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Textbook+of+Medieval+Indian+History&rft.pages=114-115&rft.pub=Primus+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-93-80607-34-4&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=Sailendra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-baba-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-baba_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-baba_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-baba_38-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMore,_Anuj2010" class="citation news cs1">More, Anuj (18 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130411035148/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/baba-maneknath-s-kin-keep-alive-600yr-old-tradition/698967">"Baba Maneknath's kin keep alive 600-yr old tradition"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/news/baba-maneknath-s-kin-keep-alive-600yr-old-tradition/698967">the original</a> on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Baba+Maneknath%27s+kin+keep+alive+600-yr+old+tradition&rft.date=2010-10-18&rft.au=More%2C+Anuj&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianexpress.com%2Fnews%2Fbaba-maneknath-s-kin-keep-alive-600yr-old-tradition%2F698967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> This ambiguity is similar to the case of <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a> naming his new capital "<a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>", referring officially to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a> but in fact also to himself. </li> <li id="cite_note-AMC_History-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AMC_History_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMC_History_40-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMC_History_40-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMC_History_40-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMC_History_40-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223012426/http://egovamc.com/AhmCity/history.aspx">"History of Ahmedabad"</a>. Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, egovamc.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egovamc.com/AhmCity/history.aspx">the original</a> on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Ahmedabad&rft.pub=Ahmedabad+Municipal+Corporation%2C+egovamc.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.egovamc.com%2FAhmCity%2Fhistory.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pandya_2010-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Pandya_2010_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandya2010" class="citation web cs1">Pandya, Yatin (14 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-in-ahmedabad-history-is-still-alive-as-tradition-1466396">"In Ahmedabad, history is still alive as tradition"</a>. dna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160804080254/http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-in-ahmedabad-history-is-still-alive-as-tradition-1466396">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dna&rft.atitle=In+Ahmedabad%2C+history+is+still+alive+as+tradition&rft.date=2010-11-14&rft.aulast=Pandya&rft.aufirst=Yatin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fanalysis%2Fcolumn-in-ahmedabad-history-is-still-alive-as-tradition-1466396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223012426/http://egovamc.com/AhmCity/history.aspx">"History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Municipal_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation">Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egovamc.com/AhmCity/history.aspx">the original</a> on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2016. <q>Jilkad is anglicized name of the month <a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qi%27dah" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhu al-Qi'dah">Dhu al-Qi'dah</a>, Hijri year not mentioned but derived from date converter</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ahmedabad+Municipal+Corporation&rft.atitle=History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.egovamc.com%2FAhmCity%2Fhistory.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-igg-43"><a href="#cite_ref-igg_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesai,_Anjali_H.2007" class="citation book cs1">Desai, Anjali H., ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&q=manek+chowk+ahmedabad&pg=PA93">India Guide Gujarat</a>. India Guide Publications. pp. 93–94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780978951702" title="Special:BookSources/9780978951702"><bdi>9780978951702</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120319/https://books.google.com/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&q=manek+chowk+ahmedabad&pg=PA93">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+Guide+Gujarat&rft.pages=93-94&rft.pub=India+Guide+Publications&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780978951702&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgZRLGZNZEoEC%26q%3Dmanek%2Bchowk%2Bahmedabad%26pg%3DPA93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mnk-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mnk_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mnk_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Flags-changed-at-citys-foundation-by-Manek-Nath-babas-descendants/articleshow/10261380.cms">"Flags changed at city's foundation by Manek Nath baba's descendants"</a>. The Times of India. TNN. 7 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130411040432/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-07/ahmedabad/30257006_1_flag-foundation-stone-puja">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Flags+changed+at+city%27s+foundation+by+Manek+Nath+baba%27s+descendants&rft.date=2011-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fahmedabad%2FFlags-changed-at-citys-foundation-by-Manek-Nath-babas-descendants%2Farticleshow%2F10261380.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tam-45"><a href="#cite_ref-tam_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuturaj_Jadav_and_Mehul_Jani2010" class="citation news cs1">Ruturaj Jadav and Mehul Jani (26 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091207235844/http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/index.aspx?page=article">"Multi-layered expansion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Mirror" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmedabad Mirror">Ahmedabad Mirror</a>. AM. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article&sectname=News%20-%20A%201000%20Salutes&sectid=68&contentid=2010022620100226182744376d3de031">the original</a> on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 21 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ahmedabad+Mirror&rft.atitle=Multi-layered+expansion&rft.date=2010-02-26&rft.au=Ruturaj+Jadav+and+Mehul+Jani&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahmedabadmirror.com%2Findex.aspx%3FPage%3Darticle%26sectname%3DNews%2520-%2520A%25201000%2520Salutes%26sectid%3D68%26contentid%3D2010022620100226182744376d3de031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaper.divyabhaskar.co.in/ahmedabad/12/26022015/0/1/">"02/26/2015: Divya Bhaskar e-Paper, ahmedabad, e-Paper, ahmedabad e Paper, e Newspaper ahmedabad, ahmedabad e Paper, ahmedabad ePaper"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150621050319/http://epaper.divyabhaskar.co.in/ahmedabad/12/26022015/0/1/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=02%2F26%2F2015%3A+Divya+Bhaskar+e-Paper%2C+ahmedabad%2C+e-Paper%2C+ahmedabad+e+Paper%2C+e+Newspaper+ahmedabad%2C+ahmedabad+e+Paper%2C+ahmedabad+ePaper&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepaper.divyabhaskar.co.in%2Fahmedabad%2F12%2F26022015%2F0%2F1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-India_2015-47"><a href="#cite_ref-India_2015_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAjay2015" class="citation web cs1">Ajay, Lakshmi (27 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-city-turns-604/">"Ahmedabad city turns 604"</a>. The Indian Express. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120321/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-city-turns-604/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Ahmedabad+city+turns+604&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft.aulast=Ajay&rft.aufirst=Lakshmi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fcities%2Fahmedabad%2Fahmedabad-city-turns-604%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dnax2011-48"><a href="#cite_ref-dnax2011_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dnasyndication.com/dna/article/DNAHM53975">"Manek Burj's sorry state fails to move AMC"</a>. DNA. 19 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150107231456/http://dnasyndication.com/dna/article/DNAHM53975">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Manek+Burj%27s+sorry+state+fails+to+move+AMC&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdnasyndication.com%2Fdna%2Farticle%2FDNAHM53975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuppuram1988" class="citation book cs1">Kuppuram, G (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AvggAAAAMAAJ&q=ahmedabad+189+bastions+and+over+6,000+battlements.">India Through the Ages: History, Art, Culture, and Religion</a>. Sundeep Prakashan. p. 739. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85067-08-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85067-08-7"><bdi>978-81-85067-08-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120304/https://books.google.com/books?id=AvggAAAAMAAJ&q=ahmedabad+189+bastions+and+over+6%2C000+battlements.">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+Through+the+Ages%3A+History%2C+Art%2C+Culture%2C+and+Religion&rft.pages=739&rft.pub=Sundeep+Prakashan&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-81-85067-08-7&rft.aulast=Kuppuram&rft.aufirst=G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAvggAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dahmedabad%2B189%2Bbastions%2Band%2Bover%2B6%2C000%2Bbattlements.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEraly2004" class="citation book cs1">Eraly, Abraham (2004). The Mughal Throne. Orion Publishing. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7538-1758-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7538-1758-2"><bdi>978-0-7538-1758-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mughal+Throne&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Orion+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7538-1758-2&rft.aulast=Eraly&rft.aufirst=Abraham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSangwanY._P._AbrolMithilesh_K._Tiwari2002" class="citation book cs1">Sangwan, Satpal; Y. P. Abrol; Mithilesh K. Tiwari (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oNpXmQb0gv0C&q=deccan+famine+affected+ahmedabad&pg=PA151">Land Use – Historical Perspectives: Focus on Indo-Gangetic Plains</a>. Allied Publishers. p. 151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7764-274-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7764-274-2"><bdi>978-81-7764-274-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240729193633/https://books.google.com/books?id=oNpXmQb0gv0C&q=deccan+famine+affected+ahmedabad&pg=PA151#v=snippet&q=deccan%20famine%20affected%20ahmedabad&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 24 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land+Use+%E2%80%93+Historical+Perspectives%3A+Focus+on+Indo-Gangetic+Plains&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=Allied+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-81-7764-274-2&rft.aulast=Sangwan&rft.aufirst=Satpal&rft.au=Y.+P.+Abrol&rft.au=Mithilesh+K.+Tiwari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoNpXmQb0gv0C%26q%3Ddeccan%2Bfamine%2Baffected%2Bahmedabad%26pg%3DPA151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrakash2003" class="citation book cs1">Prakash, Om (2003). Encyclopaedic History of Indian Freedom Movement. Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd. pp. 282–284. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-261-0938-6" title="Special:BookSources/81-261-0938-6"><bdi>81-261-0938-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedic+History+of+Indian+Freedom+Movement&rft.pages=282-284&rft.pub=Anmol+Publications+Pvt+Ltd&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=81-261-0938-6&rft.aulast=Prakash&rft.aufirst=Om&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GNHistory-53"><a href="#cite_ref-GNHistory_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalia2004" class="citation book cs1">Kalia, Ravi (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RVhNO2MwOCAC&q=Gaekwad++mughal+ahmedabad&pg=PA39">"The Politics of Site"</a>. Gandhinagar: Building National Identity in Postcolonial India. Univ of South Carolina Press. pp. 30–59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57003-544-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-57003-544-X"><bdi>1-57003-544-X</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240729193633/https://books.google.com/books?id=RVhNO2MwOCAC&q=Gaekwad++mughal+ahmedabad&pg=PA39#v=snippet&q=Gaekwad%20%20mughal%20ahmedabad&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Politics+of+Site&rft.btitle=Gandhinagar%3A+Building+National+Identity+in+Postcolonial+India&rft.pages=30-59&rft.pub=Univ+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-57003-544-X&rft.aulast=Kalia&rft.aufirst=Ravi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRVhNO2MwOCAC%26q%3DGaekwad%2B%2Bmughal%2Bahmedabad%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BordenFraser2014-54"><a href="#cite_ref-BordenFraser2014_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIain_BordenMurray_FraserBarbara_Penner2014" class="citation book cs1">Iain Borden; Murray Fraser; <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Penner" title="Barbara Penner">Barbara Penner</a> (11 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=55o3BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA252">Forty Ways to Think About Architecture: Architectural History and Theory Today</a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 252. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-82261-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-82261-6"><bdi>978-1-118-82261-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017072518/https://books.google.com/books?id=55o3BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA252">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forty+Ways+to+Think+About+Architecture%3A+Architectural+History+and+Theory+Today&rft.pages=252&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2014-08-11&rft.isbn=978-1-118-82261-6&rft.au=Iain+Borden&rft.au=Murray+Fraser&rft.au=Barbara+Penner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D55o3BwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-manchester-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-manchester_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-manchester_55-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._Srivathsan2006" class="citation news cs1">A. 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Retrieved 30 July 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Manchester+of+India&rft.date=2006-06-23&rft.au=A.+Srivathsan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2Fyw%2F2006%2F06%2F23%2Fstories%2F2006062300300200.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GillyGilinskiy2009-56"><a href="#cite_ref-GillyGilinskiy2009_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillyGilinskiy2009" class="citation book cs1">Gilly, Thomas Albert; Gilinskiy, Yakov (8 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w5SlnZilfMMC&pg=PA23">The Ethics of Terrorism: Innovative Approaches from an International Perspective (17 Lectures)</a>. Charles C Thomas Publisher. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-398-07867-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-398-07867-6"><bdi>978-0-398-07867-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130612004348/http://books.google.com/books?id=w5SlnZilfMMC&pg=PA23">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 26 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ethics+of+Terrorism%3A+Innovative+Approaches+from+an+International+Perspective+%2817+Lectures%29&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Charles+C+Thomas+Publisher&rft.date=2009-12-08&rft.isbn=978-0-398-07867-6&rft.aulast=Gilly&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Albert&rft.au=Gilinskiy%2C+Yakov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw5SlnZilfMMC%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ghurye1962-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Ghurye1962_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovind_Sadashiv_Ghurye1962" class="citation book cs1">Govind Sadashiv Ghurye (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/citiescivilizati0000ghur">Cities and Civilization</a>. Popular Prakashan. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/citiescivilizati0000ghur/page/96">96</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+and+Civilization&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&rft.date=1962&rft.au=Govind+Sadashiv+Ghurye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcitiescivilizati0000ghur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-YājñikaSheth2005-58"><a href="#cite_ref-YājñikaSheth2005_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcyuta_YājñikaSuchitra_Sheth2005" class="citation book cs1">Acyuta Yājñika; Suchitra Sheth (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C">The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond</a>. Penguin Books India. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-400038-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-400038-8"><bdi>978-0-14-400038-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017072518/https://books.google.com/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shaping+of+Modern+Gujarat%3A+Plurality%2C+Hindutva%2C+and+Beyond&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+India&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-14-400038-8&rft.au=Acyuta+Y%C4%81j%C3%B1ika&rft.au=Suchitra+Sheth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwmKIiAPgnF0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Political_Science-59"><a href="#cite_ref-Political_Science_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eSyrb3du-iwC&pg=RA1-PA114">Political Science</a>. 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Retrieved 31 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mount+Carmel+Cathedral&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gcatholic.org%2Fchurches%2Fasia%2F3736.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> GCatholic </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stfxparish.blogspot.com/p/our-parish_15.html?m=1">"Our Parish"</a>. St. Xavier’s Parish, Ahmedabad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230802145138/http://stfxparish.blogspot.com/p/our-parish_15.html?m=1">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2023. 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General tables for British provinces and feudatory states"</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318666">saoa.crl.25318666</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531191628/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318666">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2023. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=2&contentid=2010041420100414024003550f8f5a989">the original</a> on 8 May 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ahmedabad+Mirror&rft.atitle=City+of+lakes-With+34+new+lakes+under+development%2C+Ahmedabad+is+set+to+pose+a+challenge+to+Udaipur&rft.date=2010-04-14&rft.aulast=Jadav&rft.aufirst=Ruturaj&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahmedabadmirror.com%2Findex.aspx%3Fpage%3Darticle%26sectid%3D2%26contentid%3D2010041420100414024003550f8f5a989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trodly.com/india/destination-4541/vastrapur-lake">"Vastapur lake travel guide"</a>. Trodly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190509080905/https://www.trodly.com/india/destination-4541/vastrapur-lake">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trodly&rft.atitle=Vastapur+lake+travel+guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trodly.com%2Findia%2Fdestination-4541%2Fvastrapur-lake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> It's a Jungle Out tHere [sic]. 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New Delhi: Concept. p. 650. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-574-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-574-2"><bdi>978-81-8069-574-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120717/https://books.google.com/books?id=hdKvxlYzTFkC&q=Sabarmati+riverfront">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+the+Transforming+Urban+Asia%3A+Processes%2C+Policies+and+Public+Actions&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=650&rft.edition=1.+publ.&rft.pub=Concept&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-8069-574-2&rft.aulast=Mahadevia&rft.aufirst=Darshin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhdKvxlYzTFkC%26q%3DSabarmati%2Briverfront&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-ahmedabad-air-purifiers-to-be-installed-near-pirana-dumping-site-for-traffic-police-2717465">"Ahmedabad: Air purifiers to be installed near Pirana dumping site for traffic police"</a>. dna. 8 February 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190222204552/https://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-ahmedabad-air-purifiers-to-be-installed-near-pirana-dumping-site-for-traffic-police-2717465">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dna&rft.atitle=Ahmedabad%3A+Air+purifiers+to+be+installed+near+Pirana+dumping+site+for+traffic+police&rft.date=2019-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fahmedabad%2Freport-ahmedabad-air-purifiers-to-be-installed-near-pirana-dumping-site-for-traffic-police-2717465&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AhmMir-15Jun-143"><a href="#cite_ref-AhmMir-15Jun_143-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/bijal-patel-appointed-city-mayor/articleshow/64593445.cms">"Bijal Patel appointed city Mayor"</a>. Ahmedabad Mirror. 15 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180625185401/https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/bijal-patel-appointed-city-mayor/articleshow/64593445.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ahmedabad+Mirror&rft.atitle=Bijal+Patel+appointed+city+Mayor&rft.date=2018-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com%2Fahmedabad%2Fothers%2Fbijal-patel-appointed-city-mayor%2Farticleshow%2F64593445.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNair" class="citation web cs1">Nair, Ajesh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319003215/http://janaagraha.org/asics/images/Annual-Survey-of-Indias-City-Systems-2014.pdf">"Annual Survey of India's City-Systems"</a> (PDF). janaagraha.org. Janaagraha Centre for Citizenship and Democracy. 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The Times of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181120231342/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/city-registers-two-accidents-per-hour-and-gujarat-18-emri-108/articleshow/66672987.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Ahmedabad+registers+two+accidents+per+hour+and+Gujarat+18%3A+EMRI+108&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fahmedabad%2Fcity-registers-two-accidents-per-hour-and-gujarat-18-emri-108%2Farticleshow%2F66672987.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amccrs.com/AMCPortal/View/ZonewiseWardList.aspx?m=ZoneWardList">"CCRS"</a>. www.amccrs.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212240/http://www.amccrs.com/AMCPortal/View/ZonewiseWardList.aspx?m=ZoneWardList">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2021. 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The Indian Express. 30 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212702/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/delimitation-order-announced-ahmedabad-to-have-48-wards/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Delimitation+order+announced%3A+Ahmedabad+to+have+48+wards&rft.date=2015-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fcities%2Fahmedabad%2Fdelimitation-order-announced-ahmedabad-to-have-48-wards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120505035807/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/ahemdabad_cityinfo.jsp">"City Information"</a>. aai.aero/. 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Retrieved 25 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Saikia+new+Ahmedabad+police+chief&rft.date=2007-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.expressindia.com%2Flatest-news%2FSaikia-new-Ahmedabad-police-chief%2F230451%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDasgupta2008" class="citation news cs1">Dasgupta, Manas (25 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Civil-Hospital-planned-as-worlds-biggest-hospital/articleshow/3524159.cms">"Civil Hospital planned as world's biggest hospital"</a>. The Times of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120902075703/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-25/ahmedabad/27916381_1_biggest-hospital-civil-hospital-beds">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Civil+Hospital+planned+as+world%27s+biggest+hospital&rft.date=2008-09-25&rft.aulast=Dasgupta&rft.aufirst=Manas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fahmedabad%2FCivil-Hospital-planned-as-worlds-biggest-hospital%2Farticleshow%2F3524159.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-torrent-151"><a href="#cite_ref-torrent_151-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100123092555/http://www.torrentlimited.com/aec.htm">"Group Companies—The Ahmedabad Electricity Company Limited"</a>. Torrent Group. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torrentlimited.com/aec.htm">the original</a> on 23 January 2010. Retrieved 21 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Group+Companies%E2%80%94The+Ahmedabad+Electricity+Company+Limited&rft.pub=Torrent+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torrentlimited.com%2Faec.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vedavalli2007-152"><a href="#cite_ref-Vedavalli2007_152-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVedavalli2007" class="citation book cs1">Vedavalli, Rangaswamy (13 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zeIRJAF5QtsC&pg=PA215">Energy for Development: Twenty-first Century Challenges of Reform and Liberalization in Developing Countries</a>. Anthem Press. pp. 215–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84331-223-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84331-223-9"><bdi>978-1-84331-223-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130611234344/http://books.google.com/books?id=zeIRJAF5QtsC&pg=PA215">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Energy+for+Development%3A+Twenty-first+Century+Challenges+of+Reform+and+Liberalization+in+Developing+Countries&rft.pages=215-&rft.pub=Anthem+Press&rft.date=2007-03-13&rft.isbn=978-1-84331-223-9&rft.aulast=Vedavalli&rft.aufirst=Rangaswamy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzeIRJAF5QtsC%26pg%3DPA215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShah2015" class="citation journal cs1">Shah, K. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/II-5-W3/271/2015/isprsannals-II-5-W3-271-2015.pdf">"Documentation and Cultural Heritage Inventories – Case of the Historic City of Ahmadabad"</a> (PDF). ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. II5: 271. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ISPAn.II5..271S">2015ISPAn.II5..271S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5194%2Fisprsannals-II-5-W3-271-2015">10.5194/isprsannals-II-5-W3-271-2015</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2196-6346">2196-6346</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231214114921/https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/II-5-W3/271/2015/isprsannals-II-5-W3-271-2015.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ISPRS+Annals+of+the+Photogrammetry%2C+Remote+Sensing+and+Spatial+Information+Sciences&rft.atitle=Documentation+and+Cultural+Heritage+Inventories+%E2%80%93+Case+of+the+Historic+City+of+Ahmadabad&rft.volume=II5&rft.pages=271&rft.date=2015&rft.issn=2196-6346&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5194%2Fisprsannals-II-5-W3-271-2015&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015ISPAn.II5..271S&rft.aulast=Shah&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisprs-annals.copernicus.org%2Farticles%2FII-5-W3%2F271%2F2015%2Fisprsannals-II-5-W3-271-2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/lacklustre-uttarayan-for-kite-sellers-due-to-demand-slump-8380687/">"Lacklustre Uttarayan for kite sellers due to demand slump"</a>. The Indian Express. 13 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230402015551/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/lacklustre-uttarayan-for-kite-sellers-due-to-demand-slump-8380687/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Lacklustre+Uttarayan+for+kite+sellers+due+to+demand+slump&rft.date=2023-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fcities%2Fahmedabad%2Flacklustre-uttarayan-for-kite-sellers-due-to-demand-slump-8380687%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/photos/india-news/festive-fervour-high-as-people-gear-up-for-navratri-celebrations-8162810/">"Festive fervour high as people gear up for Navratri celebrations"</a>. The Indian Express. 20 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230402015605/https://indianexpress.com/photos/india-news/festive-fervour-high-as-people-gear-up-for-navratri-celebrations-8162810/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Festive+fervour+high+as+people+gear+up+for+Navratri+celebrations&rft.date=2022-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Fphotos%2Findia-news%2Ffestive-fervour-high-as-people-gear-up-for-navratri-celebrations-8162810%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien2013" class="citation book cs1">O'Brien, Charmaine (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BGhBAgAAQBAJ&q=gujarati+thali+is+popular+in+ahmedabad&pg=PT290">The Penguin Food Guide to India</a>. Penguin UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5118-575-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5118-575-8"><bdi>978-93-5118-575-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120721/https://books.google.com/books?id=BGhBAgAAQBAJ&q=gujarati+thali+is+popular+in+ahmedabad&pg=PT290">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2021. 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Retrieved 24 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mcdonald%27s+in+Ahmedabad&rft.pub=Burrp.com+Network+18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fahmedabad.burrp.com%2Fbrand%2Fmcdonalds%2F183286326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110612004722/http://traveller.outlookindia.com/destinationlink.aspx?id=33&destinationid=50">"Ahmedabad Food"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Outlook_(Indian_magazine)" title="Outlook (Indian magazine)">Outlook Traveller</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://traveller.outlookindia.com/destinationlink.aspx?id=33&destinationid=50">the original</a> on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Outlook+Traveller&rft.atitle=Ahmedabad+Food&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftraveller.outlookindia.com%2Fdestinationlink.aspx%3Fid%3D33%26destinationid%3D50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Desai2007-166"><a href="#cite_ref-Desai2007_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnjali_H._Desai2007" class="citation book cs1">Anjali H. Desai (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&pg=PA106">India Guide Gujarat</a>. India Guide Publications. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9789517-0-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9789517-0-2"><bdi>978-0-9789517-0-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602030524/http://books.google.com/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&pg=PA106">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 26 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+Guide+Gujarat&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=India+Guide+Publications&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-9789517-0-2&rft.au=Anjali+H.+Desai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgZRLGZNZEoEC%26pg%3DPA106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/vegans-vegas/81880018.html">"Ahmedabad India's 'Most Vegan-Friendly City'"</a>. Ahmedabad Mirror. Retrieved 26 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ahmedabad+Mirror&rft.atitle=Ahmedabad+India%E2%80%99s+%E2%80%98Most+Vegan-Friendly+City%E2%80%99&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahmedabadmirror.com%2Fvegans-vegas%2F81880018.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaniker2019" class="citation web cs1">Paniker, Shruti (31 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/go-green-with-ganesha/articleshow/70917990.cms">"Go green with Ganesha"</a>. Ahmedabad Mirror. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190902074133/https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/go-green-with-ganesha/articleshow/70917990.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ahmedabad+Mirror&rft.atitle=Go+green+with+Ganesha&rft.date=2019-08-31&rft.aulast=Paniker&rft.aufirst=Shruti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com%2Fahmedabad%2Fothers%2Fgo-green-with-ganesha%2Farticleshow%2F70917990.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141212054005/http://www.virasatfestival.org/Schedule%20of%20Events%2713.pdf">"Schedule of Virasat — virasatfestival.org"</a> (PDF). virasatfestival.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virasatfestival.org/Schedule%20of%20Events'13.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 December 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schedule+of+Virasat+%E2%80%94+virasatfestival.org&rft.pub=virasatfestival.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.virasatfestival.org%2FSchedule%2520of%2520Events%2713.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kadmusarts.com/festivals/4072.html">"Saptak Music Festival"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140527212750/http://kadmusarts.com/festivals/4072.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saptak+Music+Festival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkadmusarts.com%2Ffestivals%2F4072.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.calicomuseum.com/">"The Calico Museum of Textiles"</a>. Calicomuseum.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130601220001/http://calicomuseum.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Calico+Museum+of+Textiles&rft.pub=Calicomuseum.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.calicomuseum.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi2011" class="citation journal cs1">Khalidi, Omar (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41475761">"A Guide to Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and Urdu Manuscript Libraries in India"</a>. MELA Notes (84): 1–85. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0364-2410">0364-2410</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41475761">41475761</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231223044453/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41475761">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MELA+Notes&rft.atitle=A+Guide+to+Arabic%2C+Persian%2C+Turkish%2C+and+Urdu+Manuscript+Libraries+in+India&rft.issue=84&rft.pages=1-85&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41475761%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0364-2410&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Omar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41475761&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/16">"Vechaar Utensils Museum"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161121043906/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/16">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vechaar+Utensils+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gujarattourism.com%2Fdestination%2Fdetails%2F9%2F16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaushalam" class="citation web cs1">Kaushalam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vechaar.com">"Vechaar ~ Utensils Museum Vishalla Environmental Center for Heritage of Art Architecture and Research"</a>. vechaar.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170916004054/http://vechaar.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vechaar.com&rft.atitle=Vechaar+~+Utensils+Museum+Vishalla+Environmental+Center+for+Heritage+of+Art+Architecture+and+Research&rft.au=Kaushalam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vechaar.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/21">"Shreyas Folk Museum"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161121043427/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/21">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shreyas+Folk+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gujarattourism.com%2Fdestination%2Fdetails%2F9%2F21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shreyasfoundation.in/museums.html">"Shreyas Foundation"</a>. Shreyasfoundation.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161105065734/http://www.shreyasfoundation.in/museums.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shreyas+Foundation&rft.pub=Shreyasfoundation.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreyasfoundation.in%2Fmuseums.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/ahmedabad-amdavad/attractions/lokayatan-folk-museum/a/poi-sig/478392/356239">"Lokayatan Folk Museum"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161121165705/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/ahmedabad-amdavad/attractions/lokayatan-folk-museum/a/poi-sig/478392/356239">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lokayatan+Folk+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Findia%2Fahmedabad-amdavad%2Fattractions%2Flokayatan-folk-museum%2Fa%2Fpoi-sig%2F478392%2F356239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/19">"L D Museum of Indology"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161121045514/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/19">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L+D+Museum+of+Indology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gujarattourism.com%2Fdestination%2Fdetails%2F9%2F19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/20">"N C Mehta Gallery"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161121042244/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/20">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=N+C+Mehta+Gallery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gujarattourism.com%2Fdestination%2Fdetails%2F9%2F20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/dancer-patron-of-the-arts-mrinalini-sarabhai-her-feet-are-footsteps-in-ahmedabads-history/">"Dancer, patron of the arts Mrinalini Sarabhai: Her feet are footsteps in Ahmedabad's history"</a>. The Indian Express. 21 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230301083857/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/dancer-patron-of-the-arts-mrinalini-sarabhai-her-feet-are-footsteps-in-ahmedabads-history/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Dancer%2C+patron+of+the+arts+Mrinalini+Sarabhai%3A+Her+feet+are+footsteps+in+Ahmedabad%27s+history&rft.date=2016-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fexplained%2Fdancer-patron-of-the-arts-mrinalini-sarabhai-her-feet-are-footsteps-in-ahmedabads-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brandveda.in/blog/engineering-colleges-in-ahmedabad#:~:text=Ahmedabad%20has%20numerous%20engineering%20colleges,in%20and%20around%20the%20city.">"Top 19 Engineering Colleges in Ahmedabad in 2025 - Brandveda"</a>. www.brandveda.in. Retrieved 15 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.brandveda.in&rft.atitle=Top+19+Engineering+Colleges+in+Ahmedabad+in+2025+-+Brandveda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brandveda.in%2Fblog%2Fengineering-colleges-in-ahmedabad%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAhmedabad%2520has%2520numerous%2520engineering%2520colleges%2Cin%2520and%2520around%2520the%2520city.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYagnikSheth2011" class="citation book cs1">Yagnik, Achyut; Sheth, Suchitra (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ivMAUx6Hdl8C&dq=first+college+hope+ahmedabad&pg=PT149">Ahmedabad: From Royal City to Megacity</a>. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8475-473-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8475-473-5"><bdi>978-81-8475-473-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240729194701/https://books.google.com/books?id=ivMAUx6Hdl8C&dq=first+college+hope+ahmedabad&pg=PT149#v=onepage&q=first%20college%20hope%20ahmedabad&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ahmedabad%3A+From+Royal+City+to+Megacity&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-81-8475-473-5&rft.aulast=Yagnik&rft.aufirst=Achyut&rft.au=Sheth%2C+Suchitra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DivMAUx6Hdl8C%26dq%3Dfirst%2Bcollege%2Bhope%2Bahmedabad%26pg%3DPT149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gujaratuniversity.ac.in/University">"Gujarat University, University, About Us"</a>. Gujarat University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231203054656/https://www.gujaratuniversity.ac.in/University">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gujarat+University&rft.atitle=Gujarat+University%2C+University%2C+About+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gujaratuniversity.ac.in%2FUniversity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gujaratuniversity.ac.in/University/jurisdiction">"Gujarat University, University, Jurisdiction"</a>. Gujarat University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231203054656/https://www.gujaratuniversity.ac.in/University/jurisdiction">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gujarat+University&rft.atitle=Gujarat+University%2C+University%2C+Jurisdiction&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gujaratuniversity.ac.in%2FUniversity%2Fjurisdiction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ignouhelp.in/ignou-ahmedabad-regional-centre/">"IGNOU Ahmedabad Regional Centre"</a>. IGNOU University. 24 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240125123719/https://www.ignouhelp.in/ignou-ahmedabad-regional-centre/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 25 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGNOU+University&rft.atitle=IGNOU+Ahmedabad+Regional+Centre&rft.date=2023-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ignouhelp.in%2Fignou-ahmedabad-regional-centre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baou.edu.in/contact">"BAOU, Home, Contact"</a>. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231203054703/https://baou.edu.in/contact">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dr.+Babasaheb+Ambedkar+Open+University&rft.atitle=BAOU%2C+Home%2C+Contact&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbaou.edu.in%2Fcontact&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gtu.ac.in/page.aspx?p=ContactUsC">"Gujarat Technological University, Contact Us"</a>. Gujarat Technological University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231203054655/https://www.gtu.ac.in/page.aspx?p=ContactUsC">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gujarat+Technological+University&rft.atitle=Gujarat+Technological+University%2C+Contact+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gtu.ac.in%2Fpage.aspx%3Fp%3DContactUsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kaushalyaskilluniversity.ac.in/contact.php">"Kaushalya Skill University, Contact Us"</a>. Kaushalya Skill University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240729194636/https://kaushalyaskilluniversity.ac.in/contact.php">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kaushalya+Skill+University&rft.atitle=Kaushalya+Skill+University%2C+Contact+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkaushalyaskilluniversity.ac.in%2Fcontact.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gujaratvidyapith.ac.in/history.htm">"Gujarat Vidyapith, About Us, History"</a>. Gujarat Vidyapith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240729194639/https://www.gujaratvidyapith.org/history.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gujarat+Vidyapith&rft.atitle=Gujarat+Vidyapith%2C+About+Us%2C+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgujaratvidyapith.ac.in%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ahduni.edu.in/contact/">"Ahmedabad University, Contact Us"</a>. Ahmedabad University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231203054654/https://ahduni.edu.in/contact/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ahmedabad+University&rft.atitle=Ahmedabad+University%2C+Contact+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fahduni.edu.in%2Fcontact%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cept.ac.in/contact">"CEPT University, Contact Us"</a>. CEPT University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210405222844/https://cept.ac.in/contact">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CEPT+University&rft.atitle=CEPT+University%2C+Contact+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcept.ac.in%2Fcontact&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indusuni.ac.in/contact-us.php">"Indus University, Contact Us"</a>. Indus University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231205042233/https://indusuni.ac.in/contact-us.php">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indus+University&rft.atitle=Indus+University%2C+Contact+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findusuni.ac.in%2Fcontact-us.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nirmauni.ac.in/contact/">"Nirma University, Contact Us"</a>. Nirma University. 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Retrieved 4 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Silver+Oak+University&rft.atitle=Silver+Oak+University%2C+Contact+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsilveroakuni.ac.in%2Fcontact&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iima.ac.in/connect-with-us-IIMA">"Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Connect with Us"</a>. Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231205042223/https://www.iima.ac.in/connect-with-us-IIMA">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2023. 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Retrieved 6 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=GU+launches+first+campus+FM+radio+station+in+state%2C+fifth+in+country&rft.date=2012-03-31&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Syed+Khalique&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianexpress.com%2Fnews%2Fgu-launches-first-campus-fm-radio-station-in-state-fifth-in-country%2F930856%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJha2010" class="citation news cs1">Jha, Paras (24 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_historic-silence-staff-strike-switches-off-akashvani-doordarshan-in-gujarat_1471296">"Historic silence: Staff strike switches off Akashvani, Doordarshan in Gujarat"</a>. 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Retrieved 27 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DNA+India&rft.atitle=Historic+silence%3A+Staff+strike+switches+off+Akashvani%2C+Doordarshan+in+Gujarat&rft.date=2010-11-24&rft.aulast=Jha&rft.aufirst=Paras&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Findia%2Freport_historic-silence-staff-strike-switches-off-akashvani-doordarshan-in-gujarat_1471296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaslam" class="citation web cs1">Haslam, Catherine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=175079&print=yes">"A Guide to India's Telecom Market"</a>. lightreading.com. 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Retrieved 27 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cotton+Textile+Industry+in+India%3A+Production%2C+Growth+and+Problems&rft.date=2013-12-09&rft.aulast=Chand&rft.aufirst=Smriti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yourarticlelibrary.com%2Findustries%2Fcotton-textile-industry-in-india-production-growth-and-problems%2F19704%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.somatextiles.com">"Soma Textiles & Industries, Ltd"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140528005206/https://www.somatextiles.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2014. 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Retrieved 27 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kumar+Textile+Industries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kumartextile.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140527220257/http://www.ril.com/html/business/textiles.html">"Textiles:: Reliance Industries Limited"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ril.com/html/business/textiles.html">the original</a> on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Textiles%3A%3A+Reliance+Industries+Limited&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ril.com%2Fhtml%2Fbusiness%2Ftextiles.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140527212819/http://www.importantindia.com/4685/growth-of-cotton-textile-industry-in-ahmedabad/">"Growth of Cotton Textile Industry in Ahmedabad"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.importantindia.com/4685/growth-of-cotton-textile-industry-in-ahmedabad/">the original</a> on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Growth+of+Cotton+Textile+Industry+in+Ahmedabad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.importantindia.com%2F4685%2Fgrowth-of-cotton-textile-industry-in-ahmedabad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2009" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Vipul (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BY5squlyzXcC&q=textiles+in+major+industry+in+ahmedabad&pg=PA174">Longman Vistas 8</a>. Pearson Education India. p. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-317-2910-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-317-2910-6"><bdi>978-81-317-2910-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120900/https://books.google.com/books?id=BY5squlyzXcC&q=textiles+in+major+industry+in+ahmedabad&pg=PA174">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Vistas+8&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+India&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-81-317-2910-6&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Vipul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBY5squlyzXcC%26q%3Dtextiles%2Bin%2Bmajor%2Bindustry%2Bin%2Bahmedabad%26pg%3DPA174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehta1982" class="citation book cs1">Mehta, Makrand (1982). The Ahmedabad Cotton Textile Industry: Genesis and Growth. 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Retrieved 27 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Six+new+GIDC+estates+to+come+up+in+Ahmedabad%2C+Gandhinagar&rft.date=2011-05-15&rft.aulast=Dave&rft.aufirst=Kapil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.indianexpress.com%2Fnews%2Fsix-new-gidc-estates-to-come-up-in-ahmedabad-gandhinagar%2F791016%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/adani-group-takes-over-ahmedabad-airport-on-lease-for-50-years-starts-operations/story/421427.html">"Adani Group takes over Ahmedabad airport on lease for 50 years, starts operations"</a>. www.businesstoday.in. 8 November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210621152203/https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/adani-group-takes-over-ahmedabad-airport-on-lease-for-50-years-starts-operations/story/421427.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.businesstoday.in&rft.atitle=Adani+Group+takes+over+Ahmedabad+airport+on+lease+for+50+years%2C+starts+operations&rft.date=2020-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesstoday.in%2Fcurrent%2Fcorporate%2Fadani-group-takes-over-ahmedabad-airport-on-lease-for-50-years-starts-operations%2Fstory%2F421427.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNair2023" class="citation web cs1">Nair, Avinash (15 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/gandhinagar/hailed-as-indias-singapore-dholera-dressed-up-and-waiting-8609294/">"Hailed as 'India's Singapore': Dholera, dressed up and waiting"</a>. The Indian Express. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230608044922/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/gandhinagar/hailed-as-indias-singapore-dholera-dressed-up-and-waiting-8609294/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Hailed+as+%27India%27s+Singapore%27%3A+Dholera%2C+dressed+up+and+waiting&rft.date=2023-05-15&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=Avinash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fcities%2Fgandhinagar%2Fhailed-as-indias-singapore-dholera-dressed-up-and-waiting-8609294%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,1,569,581">"Western Railway, About Us, Organisation, Division"</a>. Western Railway. 16 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231210164410/https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,1,569,581">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Western+Railway&rft.atitle=Western+Railway%2C+About+Us%2C+Organisation%2C+Division&rft.date=2023-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwr.indianrailways.gov.in%2Fview_section.jsp%3FfontColor%3Dblack%26backgroundColor%3DLIGHTSTEELBLUE%26lang%3D0%26id%3D0%2C1%2C569%2C581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhoshBanerjee2023" class="citation news cs1">Ghosh, Sohini; Banerjee, Rijit (27 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/kalupur-railway-stations-road-to-redevelopment-9043286/">"Minarets, mosque & Kalupur station's road to redevelopment"</a>. The Indian Express. 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Retrieved 10 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eRail&rft.atitle=Ahmedabad+Junction+Railway+Station+%28ADI%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ferail.in%2Finfo%2Fahmedabad-railway-station-ADI%2F20045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redbus.in/trains/stations/chandlodiya-cldy">"redBus, Train Tickets, Chandlodiya Railway Station"</a>. redBus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231210180758/https://www.redbus.in/trains/stations/chandlodiya-cldy">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=redBus&rft.atitle=redBus%2C+Train+Tickets%2C+Chandlodiya+Railway+Station&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redbus.in%2Ftrains%2Fstations%2Fchandlodiya-cldy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redbus.in/trains/stations/gandhigram-gg">"redBus, Train Tickets, Gandhigram Railway Station"</a>. redBus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231210180755/https://www.redbus.in/trains/stations/gandhigram-gg">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=redBus&rft.atitle=redBus%2C+Train+Tickets%2C+Gandhigram+Railway+Station&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redbus.in%2Ftrains%2Fstations%2Fgandhigram-gg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redbus.in/trains/stations/maninagar-man">"redBus, Train Tickets, Maninagar Railway Station"</a>. redBus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231210180758/https://www.redbus.in/trains/stations/maninagar-man">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=redBus&rft.atitle=redBus%2C+Train+Tickets%2C+Maninagar+Railway+Station&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redbus.in%2Ftrains%2Fstations%2Fmaninagar-man&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redbus.in/trains/stations/sabarmati-bg-sbib">"redBus, Train Tickets, Sabarmati BG Railway Station"</a>. redBus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231210180757/https://www.redbus.in/trains/stations/sabarmati-bg-sbib">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2023. 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Retrieved 3 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=No+sense+of+adventure&rft.date=2004-11-23&rft.aulast=Menon&rft.aufirst=Lekha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fahmedabad-times%2Fno-sense-of-adventure%2Farticleshow%2F933196.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karting-258"><a href="#cite_ref-Karting_258-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080716175934/http://www.jktyre.com/motorsports/karting.html">"Karting"</a>. J K Tyres. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jktyre.com/motorsports/karting.html">the original</a> on 16 July 2008. 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Press Trust of India. 20 December 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081224080852/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-33599069_ITM">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=National+Shooting+C%27ships+to+be+held+at+Ahmedabad&rft.date=2007-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessmylibrary.com%2Fcoms2%2Fsummary_0286-33599069_ITM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iloveindia.com/sports/billiards/players/geetsethi.html">"Geet Sethi Profile"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702062412/http://www.iloveindia.com/sports/billiards/players/geetsethi.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geet+Sethi+Profile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iloveindia.com%2Fsports%2Fbilliards%2Fplayers%2Fgeetsethi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/fourth-edition-of-ahmedabad-marathon-goes-virtual-with-app-based-remote-running/story-mCHpXK1OvfIAe79GRRobHP.html">"Fourth edition of Ahmedabad Marathon goes virtual with app-based remote running"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a>. 12 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201629/https://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/fourth-edition-of-ahmedabad-marathon-goes-virtual-with-app-based-remote-running/story-mCHpXK1OvfIAe79GRRobHP.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Fourth+edition+of+Ahmedabad+Marathon+goes+virtual+with+app-based+remote+running&rft.date=2020-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fother-sports%2Ffourth-edition-of-ahmedabad-marathon-goes-virtual-with-app-based-remote-running%2Fstory-mCHpXK1OvfIAe79GRRobHP.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/ahead-of-olympics-bid-gujarat-identifies-33-sites/articleshow/102735573.cms?from=mdr">"Ahead of Olympics bid, Gujarat identifies 33 sites"</a>. Times of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230906081051/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/ahead-of-olympics-bid-gujarat-identifies-33-sites/articleshow/102735573.cms?from=mdr">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ahead+of+Olympics+bid%2C+Gujarat+identifies+33+sites&rft.pub=Times+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fahmedabad%2Fahead-of-olympics-bid-gujarat-identifies-33-sites%2Farticleshow%2F102735573.cms%3Ffrom%3Dmdr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/aussie-flair-to-shape-abad-bid-for-oly-2036/articleshow/101711062.cms?from=mdr">"Aussie flair to shape Ahmedabad bid for 2036 Olympics"</a>. 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Retrieved 2 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aussie+flair+to+shape+Ahmedabad+bid+for+2036+Olympics&rft.pub=Times+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fahmedabad%2Faussie-flair-to-shape-abad-bid-for-oly-2036%2Farticleshow%2F101711062.cms%3Ffrom%3Dmdr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deshgujarat.com/2023/06/13/gujarat-govt-to-set-up-spv-for-ahmedabads-2036-olympic-games-bid/">"Gujarat govt to set up SPV for Ahmedabad's 2036 Olympic Games bid"</a>. 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Retrieved 2 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gujarat+govt+to+set+up+SPV+for+Ahmedabad%27s+2036+Olympic+Games+bid&rft.pub=Desh+Gujarat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeshgujarat.com%2F2023%2F06%2F13%2Fgujarat-govt-to-set-up-spv-for-ahmedabads-2036-olympic-games-bid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesnownews.com/ahmedabad/as-ahmedabad-preps-for-olympics-2036-amc-in-quandary-about-sardar-vallabhbhai-patel-stadiums-fate-article-103049047">"As Ahmedabad preps for Olympics 2036, AMC in quandary about Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium's fate"</a>. Times Now News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230906081052/https://www.timesnownews.com/ahmedabad/as-ahmedabad-preps-for-olympics-2036-amc-in-quandary-about-sardar-vallabhbhai-patel-stadiums-fate-article-103049047">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=As+Ahmedabad+preps+for+Olympics+2036%2C+AMC+in+quandary+about+Sardar+Vallabhbhai+Patel+Stadium%27s+fate&rft.pub=Times+Now+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesnownews.com%2Fahmedabad%2Fas-ahmedabad-preps-for-olympics-2036-amc-in-quandary-about-sardar-vallabhbhai-patel-stadiums-fate-article-103049047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpadhyay2015" class="citation web cs1">Upadhyay, Dadan (9 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbth.com/economics/cooperation/2015/12/09/modi-to-reconnect-in-russia-with-astrakhan_548683">"Modi to reconnect in Russia with Astrakhan"</a>. www.rbth.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200412234439/https://www.rbth.com/economics/cooperation/2015/12/09/modi-to-reconnect-in-russia-with-astrakhan_548683">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rbth.com&rft.atitle=Modi+to+reconnect+in+Russia+with+Astrakhan&rft.date=2015-12-09&rft.aulast=Upadhyay&rft.aufirst=Dadan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbth.com%2Feconomics%2Fcooperation%2F2015%2F12%2F09%2Fmodi-to-reconnect-in-russia-with-astrakhan_548683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.columbusceo.com/article/20150801/NEWS/308019767">"The India Connection: Local leaders work to grow Columbus' robust Indian business community"</a>. 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Retrieved 12 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Columbus+CEO&rft.atitle=The+India+Connection%3A+Local+leaders+work+to+grow+Columbus%27+robust+Indian+business+community&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbusceo.com%2Farticle%2F20150801%2FNEWS%2F308019767&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ndtv-269"><a href="#cite_ref-ndtv_269-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanyal2015" class="citation news cs1">Sanyal, Anindita (15 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-gets-3-sister-cities-in-china-and-one-sister-province-763295">"India Gets 3 Sister Cities in China, and One Sister Province"</a>. NDTV. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160517054555/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-gets-3-sister-cities-in-china-and-one-sister-province-763295">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=India+Gets+3+Sister+Cities+in+China%2C+and+One+Sister+Province&rft.date=2015-05-15&rft.aulast=Sanyal&rft.aufirst=Anindita&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Findia-gets-3-sister-cities-in-china-and-one-sister-province-763295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.jerseycitynj.gov/explore/dataset/sister-city-agreements/table/?sort=-date_of_resolution">"Sister City Agreements"</a>. data.jerseycitynj.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502121026/https://data.jerseycitynj.gov/explore/dataset/sister-city-agreements/table/?sort=-date_of_resolution">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.jerseycitynj.gov&rft.atitle=Sister+City+Agreements&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.jerseycitynj.gov%2Fexplore%2Fdataset%2Fsister-city-agreements%2Ftable%2F%3Fsort%3D-date_of_resolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichellShah1988" class="citation cs2">Michell, George; Shah, Snehal, eds. (1988), Ahmadabad, Marg Publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8185026033" title="Special:BookSources/8185026033"><bdi>8185026033</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ahmadabad&rft.pub=Marg+Publications&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=8185026033&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBobbio2015" class="citation cs2">Bobbio, Tommaso (2015), Urbanisation, Citizenship and Conflict in India: Ahmedabad 1900-2000, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781315718774" title="Special:BookSources/9781315718774"><bdi>9781315718774</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urbanisation%2C+Citizenship+and+Conflict+in+India%3A+Ahmedabad+1900-2000&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781315718774&rft.aulast=Bobbio&rft.aufirst=Tommaso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Muktirajsinhji Chauhan and Kamalika Bose. History of Interior Design in India Vol 1: Ahmedabad (2007) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-904096-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/81-904096-0-3">81-904096-0-3</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_L._Gillion1968" class="citation book cs1">Kenneth L. Gillion (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lG8fnwEACAAJ">Ahmedabad: A Study in Indian Urban History</a>. University of California Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017072518/https://books.google.com/books?id=lG8fnwEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ahmedabad%3A+A+Study+in+Indian+Urban+History&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.au=Kenneth+L.+Gillion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlG8fnwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltekar" class="citation book cs1">Altekar, Anant Sadashiv. A History of Important Ancient Towns and Cities in Gujarat and Kathiawad (From the Earliest Times Down to the Moslem Conquest). ASIN B0008B2NGA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Important+Ancient+Towns+and+Cities+in+Gujarat+and+Kathiawad+%28From+the+Earliest+Times+Down+to+the+Moslem+Conquest%29&rft.aulast=Altekar&rft.aufirst=Anant+Sadashiv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrook1993" class="citation book cs1">Crook, Nigel (1993). India's Industrial Cities: Essays in Economy and Demography. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-563172-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-563172-2"><bdi>0-19-563172-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Industrial+Cities%3A+Essays+in+Economy+and+Demography&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-19-563172-2&rft.aulast=Crook&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajan1989" class="citation book cs1">Rajan, K. V. Soundra (1989). Ahmadabad. Archaeological Survey of India.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ahmadabad&rft.pub=Archaeological+Survey+of+India&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Rajan&rft.aufirst=K.+V.+Soundra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForrest" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_William_Forrest" title="George William Forrest">Forrest, George William</a>. Cities of India. Adamant Media Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-543-93823-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-543-93823-9"><bdi>0-543-93823-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+India&rft.pub=Adamant+Media+Corporation&rft.isbn=0-543-93823-9&rft.aulast=Forrest&rft.aufirst=George+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGandhi1990" class="citation book cs1">Gandhi, R (1990). Patel: A Life. Navajivan Press, Ahmedabad. ASIN B0006EYQ0A.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patel%3A+A+Life&rft.pub=Navajivan+Press%2C+Ahmedabad&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Gandhi&rft.aufirst=R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichell2003" class="citation book cs1">Michell, George (2003). Ahmadabad. Art Media Resources. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-85026-03-3" title="Special:BookSources/81-85026-03-3"><bdi>81-85026-03-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ahmadabad&rft.pub=Art+Media+Resources&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=81-85026-03-3&rft.aulast=Michell&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpodek2011" class="citation book cs1">Spodek, Howard (2011). Ahmedabad: Shock City of Twentieth-Century India. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35587-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35587-4"><bdi>978-0-253-35587-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ahmedabad%3A+Shock+City+of+Twentieth-Century+India&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-253-35587-4&rft.aulast=Spodek&rft.aufirst=Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmedabad" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ahmedabad" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collectorahmedabad.gujarat.gov.in/">Ahmedabad Collectorate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155654/http://collectorahmedabad.gujarat.gov.in/">Archived</a> 21 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Ahmadabad">Ahmadabad</a> Encyclopædia Britannica entry</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstreetmap.org/node/245711197">245711197</a> Ahmedabad on <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Ahmedabad at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ahmedabad" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Ahmedabad">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ahmedabad" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Ahmedabad">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Ahmedabad" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Ahmedabad">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" class="extiw" title="q:Ahmedabad">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ahmedabad" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Ahmedabad">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/19px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/29px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ahmedabad" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Ahmedabad">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/21px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/32px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/42px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ahmedabad" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Ahmedabad">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ahmedabad" class="extiw" title="voy:Ahmedabad">Travel guides</a> from Wikivoyage</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070" class="extiw" title="d:Q1070">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ahmedabad" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ahmedabad" title="Template:Ahmedabad"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ahmedabad" title="Template talk:Ahmedabad"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ahmedabad" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ahmedabad"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ahmedabad" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ahmedabad</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ahmedabad" title="History of Ahmedabad">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_timeline_of_Ahmedabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical timeline of Ahmedabad">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashaval" title="Ashaval">Ashaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaulukya_dynasty" title="Chaulukya dynasty">Chaulukya dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karna_(Chaulukya_dynasty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karna (Chaulukya dynasty)">Karna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Sultanate" title="Gujarat Sultanate">Gujarat Sultanate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarids_(Gujarat)" title="Muzaffarids (Gujarat)">Muzaffarid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shah_of_Gujarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Shah of Gujarat">Ahmed Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Begada" title="Mahmud Begada">Mahmud Begada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peshwa" title="Peshwa">Peshwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaekwad_dynasty" title="Gaekwad dynasty">Gaekwad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay state">Bombay state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nav_Nirman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nav Nirman">Navnirman Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahagujarat_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahagujarat Movement">Mahagujarat Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Gujarat_earthquake" title="2001 Gujarat earthquake">2001 earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Gujarat_riots" title="2002 Gujarat riots">2002 riots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naroda_Patiya_massacre" title="Naroda Patiya massacre">Naroda Patiya massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulbarg_Society_massacre" title="Gulbarg Society massacre">Gulbarg Society massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Ahmedabad_railway_station_bombing" title="2006 Ahmedabad railway station bombing">2006 Ahmedabad railway station bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Ahmedabad_bombings" title="2008 Ahmedabad bombings">2008 bombings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ahmedabad" title="Geography of Ahmedabad">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_River" title="Sabarmati River">River Sabarmati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankaria_Lake" title="Kankaria Lake">Kankaria Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastrapur_Lake" title="Vastrapur Lake">Vastrapur Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chharodi_Lake" title="Chharodi Lake">Chharodi Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaltej-Jodhpur_Tekra" title="Thaltej-Jodhpur Tekra">Thaltej-Jodhpur Tekra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokmanya_Tilak_Garden" title="Lokmanya Tilak Garden">Lokmanya Tilak Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Garden" title="Law Garden">Law Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parimal_Garden" title="Parimal Garden">Parimal Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecology_Park" title="Ecology Park">Ecology Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Municipal_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation">Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Urban_Development_Authority" title="Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority">Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Cantonment" title="Ahmedabad Cantonment">Ahmedabad Cantonment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_City_Police" title="Ahmedabad City Police">Ahmedabad City Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Buildings and landmarks</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calico_Museum_of_Textiles" title="Calico Museum of Textiles">Calico Museum of Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Smarak_Sangrahalaya" title="Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya">Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Science_City" title="Gujarat Science City">Gujarat Science City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalbhai_Dalpatbhai_Museum" title="Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Museum">Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskar_Kendra" title="Sanskar Kendra">Sanskar Kendra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel_National_Memorial" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Memorial">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Museum" title="Swaminarayan Museum">Swaminarayan Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_Saiyyed_Mosque" title="Sidi Saiyyed Mosque">Sidi Saiyyed Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_and_Gates_of_Ahmedabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort and Gates of Ahmedabad">Fort and Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Ashram" title="Sabarmati Ashram">Sabarmati Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochrab_Ashram" title="Kochrab Ashram">Kochrab Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Bridge" title="Ellis Bridge">Ellis Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazrat_Pir_Mohammad_Shah_Library" title="Hazrat Pir Mohammad Shah Library">Hazrat Pir Mohammad Shah Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Patel_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar Patel Stadium">Sardar Patel Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Hanuman_Temple" title="Camp Hanuman Temple">Camp Hanuman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amdavad_ni_Gufa" title="Amdavad ni Gufa">Amdavad ni Gufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple,_Ahmedabad" title="Jagannath Temple, Ahmedabad">Jagannath Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama_Masjid,_Ahmedabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama Masjid, Ahmedabad">Jama Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutheesing_Jain_Temple" title="Hutheesing Jain Temple">Hutheesing Jain Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalupur_Swaminarayan_Mandir" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalupur Swaminarayan Mandir">Kalupur Swaminarayan Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rani_Rupamati%27s_Mosque" title="Rani Rupamati's Mosque">Rani Rupamati's Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magen_Abraham_Synagogue" title="Magen Abraham Synagogue">Magen Abraham Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Ahmedabad" title="Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad">IIM Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jethabhai%27s_Stepwell" title="Jethabhai's Stepwell">Jethabhai's Stepwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankaria_Lake" title="Kankaria Lake">Kankaria Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nal_Sarovar_Bird_Sanctuary" title="Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary">Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thol_Wildlife_Sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Thol Wildlife Sanctuary">Thol Wildlife Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Shodhan" title="Villa Shodhan">Villa Shodhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Sarabhai" title="Villa Sarabhai">Villa Sarabhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Town_Hall" title="Ahmedabad Town Hall">Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijali_Ghar" title="Vijali Ghar">Vijali Ghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagore_Memorial_Hall" title="Tagore Memorial Hall">Tagore Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patang_Hotel" title="Patang Hotel">Patang Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Pedestrian_Bridge" title="Atal Pedestrian Bridge">Atal Pedestrian Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science & research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Textile_Industry%27s_Research_Association" title="Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association">Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_Research_Laboratory" title="Physical Research Laboratory">Physical Research Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Applications_Centre" title="Space Applications Centre">Space Applications Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_A_Sarabhai_Community_Science_Centre" title="Vikram A Sarabhai Community Science Centre">Vikram A Sarabhai Community Science Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ahmedabad" title="Education in Ahmedabad">Educational</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_University" title="Ahmedabad University">Ahmedabad University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEPT_University" title="CEPT University">CEPT University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Babasaheb_Ambedkar_Open_University" title="Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University">Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Technological_University" title="Gujarat Technological University">Gujarat Technological University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_University" title="Gujarat University">Gujarat University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Vidyapith" title="Gujarat Vidyapith">Gujarat Vidyapith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IITRAM" class="mw-redirect" title="IITRAM">IITRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_University_(Gujarat)" title="Indus University (Gujarat)">Indus University (Gujarat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirma_University_of_Science_%26_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirma University of Science & Technology">Nirma University of Science & Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Center_of_excellence" title="Center of excellence">CoE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad_Management_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmedabad Management Association (page does not exist)">Ahmedabad Management Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Ahmedabad" title="Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad">Indian Institute of Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudra_Institute_of_Communications_Ahmedabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudra Institute of Communications Ahmedabad">Mudra Institute of Communications Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Design" title="National Institute of Design">National Institute of Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Fashion_Technology" title="National Institute of Fashion Technology">National Institute of Fashion Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMC_Dental_College" title="AMC Dental College">AMC Dental College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMC_Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="AMC Medical College">AMC Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.J._Medical_College,_Ahmedabad" class="mw-redirect" title="B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad">B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.K._School_of_Business_Management" title="B.K. School of Business Management">B.K. School of Business Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship_Development_Institute_of_India" title="Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India">EDII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalbhai_Dalpatbhai_College_of_Engineering" title="Lalbhai Dalpatbhai College of Engineering">Lalbhai Dalpatbhai College of Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAL_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="SAL Institute">SAL Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udgam_School_For_Children" title="Udgam School For Children">Udgam School For Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._J._Library" title="M. J. Library">M. J. Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darpana_Academy_of_Performing_Arts" title="Darpana Academy of Performing Arts">Darpana Academy of Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Sahitya_Sabha" title="Gujarat Sahitya Sabha">Gujarat Sahitya Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Vidhya_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujarat Vidhya Sabha">Gujarat Vidhya Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Sahitya_Parishad" title="Gujarati Sahitya Parishad">Gujarati Sahitya Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natmandal" title="Natmandal">Natmandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saptak_School_of_Music" title="Saptak School of Music">Saptak School of Music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Ahmedabad" title="Healthcare in Ahmedabad">Healthcare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SVP_Hospital" title="SVP Hospital">SVP Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Civil_Hospital" title="Ahmedabad Civil Hospital">Ahmedabad Civil Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Cancer_Research_Institute" title="Gujarat Cancer Research Institute">Gujarat Cancer Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Hospitals" title="Sterling Hospitals">Sterling Hospitals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ahmedabad" title="Economy of Ahmedabad">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_textile_industry" title="Ahmedabad textile industry">Ahmedabad textile industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Stock_Exchange" title="Ahmedabad Stock Exchange">Ahmedabad Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calico_Mills" title="Calico Mills">Calico Mills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_in_Ahmedabad" title="Category:Transport in Ahmedabad">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Centres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmedabad Railway Station">Ahmedabad Railway Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maninagar_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Maninagar Railway Station">Maninagar Railway Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabarmati Junction">Sabarmati Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Municipal_Transport_Service" title="Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Service">AMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_BRTS" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmedabad BRTS">BRTS Janmarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Metro" title="Ahmedabad Metro">Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai%E2%80%93Ahmedabad_high-speed_rail_corridor" title="Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor">Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Suburban_Railway" title="Ahmedabad Suburban Railway">Suburban railway (proposed)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roads and bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashram_Road" title="Ashram Road">Ashram Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimanlal_Girdharlal_Road" title="Chimanlal Girdharlal Road">C G Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarkhej%E2%80%93Gandhinagar_Highway" title="Sarkhej–Gandhinagar Highway">Sarkhej–Gandhinagar Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Patel_Ring_Road" title="Sardar Patel Ring Road">Sardar Patel Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Vadodara_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmedabad Vadodara Expressway">NE 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Highway_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian National Highway 8">NH 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Bridge" title="Ellis Bridge">Ellis Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru_Bridge" title="Nehru Bridge">Nehru Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhash_Bridge" title="Subhash Bridge">Subhash Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel_Sports_Enclave" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Sports Enclave">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Sports Enclave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi_Stadium" title="Narendra Modi Stadium">Narendra Modi Stadium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel_Stadium,_Ahmedabad" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium, Ahmedabad">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithakhali_Multi_Sports_Complex" title="Mithakhali Multi Sports Complex">Mithakhali Multi Sports Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EKA_Arena" title="EKA Arena">EKA Arena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARA_FC" title="ARA FC">ARA FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Giants_(kabaddi)" title="Gujarat Giants (kabaddi)">Gujarat Giants</a></li> <li>Ahmedabad Rockets (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Smash_Masters" title="Ahmedabad Smash Masters">Ahmedabad Smash Masters</a> (defunct)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Kensville_Challenge" title="Gujarat Kensville Challenge">Gujarat Kensville Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Marathon" title="Sabarmati Marathon">Sabarmati Marathon</a> (defunct)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zones and wards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahpur,_Gujarat" title="Shahpur, Gujarat">Shahpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dariapur_(Ahmedabad)" title="Dariapur (Ahmedabad)">Dariapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamalpur,_Gujarat" title="Jamalpur, Gujarat">Jamalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadia,_Ahmedabad" title="Khadia, Ahmedabad">Khadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asarwa" title="Asarwa">Asarwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahibaug" title="Shahibaug">Shahibaug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gomtipur" title="Gomtipur">Gomtipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odhav" title="Odhav">Odhav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastral" title="Vastral">Vastral</a></li> <li>Bhaipura-Hatkeshwar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amraiwadi" title="Amraiwadi">Amraiwadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramol" title="Ramol">Ramol</a>- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hathijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hathijan (page does not exist)">Hathijan</a></li> <li>Nikol</li> <li>Viratnagar</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bapunagar" title="Bapunagar">Bapunagar</a></li> <li>India Colony</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thakkar_Bapanagar" title="Thakkar Bapanagar">Thakkar Bapanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraspur" title="Saraspur">Saraspur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardarnagar" title="Sardarnagar">Sardarnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naroda" title="Naroda">Naroda</a></li> <li>Kubernagar</li> <li>Saijpur Bogha</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northwest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gota,_Gujarat" title="Gota, Gujarat">Gota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandlodiya" title="Chandlodiya">Chandlodiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghatlodiya" title="Ghatlodiya">Ghatlodiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaltej" title="Thaltej">Thaltej</a></li> <li>Bodakdev</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behrampura" title="Behrampura">Behrampura</a></li> <li>Indrapuri</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khokhra" title="Khokhra">Khokhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maninagar" title="Maninagar">Maninagar</a></li> <li>Danilimda</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambha" title="Lambha">Lambha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isanpur" title="Isanpur">Isanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatva" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatva">Vatva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southwest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarkhej" title="Sarkhej">Sarkhej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur,_Gujarat" title="Jodhpur, Gujarat">Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vejalpur" title="Vejalpur">Vejalpur</a></li> <li>Maktampura</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranip" title="Ranip">Ranip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandkheda" title="Chandkheda">Chandkheda</a>-<a href="/wiki/Motera" title="Motera">Motera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_(area)" title="Sabarmati (area)">Sabarmati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naranpura" class="mw-redirect" title="Naranpura">Naranpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nava_Vadaj" title="Nava Vadaj">Nava Vadaj</a></li> <li>S. P. Stadium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navrangpura" class="mw-redirect" title="Navrangpura">Navrangpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paldi" title="Paldi">Paldi</a></li> <li>Vasna</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pols_in_Ahmedabad" title="List of pols in Ahmedabad">Pols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Ahmedabad" title="List of tallest buildings in Ahmedabad">Tallest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Ahmedabad" class="mw-redirect" title="List of companies of Ahmedabad">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Ahmedabad" title="List of people from Ahmedabad">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_citizens_of_Ahmedabad_awarded_with_national_civilian_honours" class="mw-redirect" title="List of citizens of Ahmedabad awarded with national civilian honours">Citizens awarded national civilian honours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_and_culture_of_Ahmedabad" title="Demographics and culture of Ahmedabad">Demographics and culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Ahmedabad" title="Category:People from Ahmedabad">Category:People from Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mayors_of_Ahmedabad" title="Category:Mayors of Ahmedabad">Category:Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ahmedabad" title="Category:Ahmedabad">Category:Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Gujarat" title="Category:Cities and towns in Gujarat">Category:Cities and towns in Gujarat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ahmedabad" title="Category:Ahmedabad">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Template:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Template talk:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">Million-plus agglomerations</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Zonal_Council" title="Northern Zonal Council">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li>Haryana: <a href="/wiki/Faridabad" title="Faridabad">Faridabad</a></li> <li>Jammu and Kashmir: <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a></li> <li>Punjab: <a href="/wiki/Ludhiana" title="Ludhiana">Ludhiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a></li> <li>Rajasthan: <a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota,_Rajasthan" title="Kota, Rajasthan">Kota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Zonal_Council" title="Central Zonal Council">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chhattisgarh: <a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhilai" title="Bhilai">Bhilai</a></li> <li>Madhya Pradesh: <a href="/wiki/Indore" title="Indore">Indore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a></li> <li>Uttar Pradesh:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaziabad" title="Ghaziabad">Ghaziabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meerut" title="Meerut">Meerut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zonal_Council" title="Eastern Zonal Council">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bihar: <a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li>Jharkhand: <a href="/wiki/Jamshedpur" title="Jamshedpur">Jamshedpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanbad" title="Dhanbad">Dhanbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li>West Bengal: <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asansol" title="Asansol">Asansol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Zonal_Council" title="Western Zonal Council">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gujarat: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadodara" title="Vadodara">Vadodara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajkot" title="Rajkot">Rajkot</a></li> <li>Maharashtra: <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Vasai-Virar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad" title="Aurangabad">Aurangabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Zonal_Council" title="Southern Zonal Council">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Andhra Pradesh: <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayawada" title="Vijayawada">Vijayawada</a></li> <li>Karnataka: <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li>Kerala: <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malappuram" title="Malappuram">Malappuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a></li> <li>Tamil Nadu: <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli">Tiruchirappalli</a></li> <li>Telangana: <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px&#124;link=&#124;alt=_State_of_Gujarat" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gujarat" title="Template:Gujarat"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gujarat" title="Template talk:Gujarat"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gujarat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gujarat"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="25px&#124;link=&#124;alt=_State_of_Gujarat" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Gujarat.svg/25px-Flag_of_Gujarat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Gujarat.svg/38px-Flag_of_Gujarat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Gujarat.svg/50px-Flag_of_Gujarat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gandhinagar" title="Gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Gujarat" title="Category:Gujarat">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Gujarat" title="Architecture of Gujarat">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cinema" title="Gujarati cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cuisine" title="Gujarati cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Gujarat" title="Culture of Gujarat">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gujarat" title="Economy of Gujarat">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Gujarat" title="Education in Gujarat">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Gujarat" title="Geography of Gujarat">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Gujarat" title="Government of Gujarat">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girnar" title="Girnar">Highest point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Gujarat" title="History of Gujarat">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_literature" title="Gujarati literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_people" title="Gujarati people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gujarat" title="Politics of Gujarat">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Gujarat" title="List of protected areas of Gujarat">Protected areas of Gujarats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Gujarat" title="Tourism in Gujarat">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Administrative_map_of_Gujarat.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Gujarat"><img alt="Map of Gujarat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Administrative_map_of_Gujarat.png/150px-Administrative_map_of_Gujarat.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Administrative_map_of_Gujarat.png/225px-Administrative_map_of_Gujarat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Administrative_map_of_Gujarat.png/300px-Administrative_map_of_Gujarat.png 2x" data-file-width="3014" data-file-height="2391" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions of Gujarat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutch">Kutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_(region)" title="Saurashtra (region)">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Gujarat" title="North Gujarat">North Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Gujarat" title="Central Gujarat">Central Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gujarat" title="South Gujarat">South Gujarat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Gujarat" title="List of districts of Gujarat">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_district" title="Ahmedabad district">Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amreli_district" title="Amreli district">Amreli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_district" title="Anand district">Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aravalli_district" title="Aravalli district">Aravalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banaskantha_district" title="Banaskantha district">Banaskantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharuch_district" title="Bharuch district">Bharuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavnagar_district" title="Bhavnagar district">Bhavnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botad_district" title="Botad district">Botad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhota_Udaipur_district" title="Chhota Udaipur district">Chhota Udaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahod_district" title="Dahod district">Dahod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dang_district,_India" title="Dang district, India">Dang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devbhumi_Dwarka_district" title="Devbhumi Dwarka district">Devbhumi Dwarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhinagar_district" title="Gandhinagar district">Gandhinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gir_Somnath_district" title="Gir Somnath district">Gir Somnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamnagar_district" title="Jamnagar district">Jamnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junagadh_district" title="Junagadh district">Junagadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutch_district" title="Kutch district">Kutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheda_district" title="Kheda district">Kheda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahisagar_district" title="Mahisagar district">Mahisagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehsana_district" title="Mehsana district">Mehsana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morbi_district" title="Morbi district">Morbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narmada_district" title="Narmada district">Narmada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navsari_district" title="Navsari district">Navsari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchmahal_district" title="Panchmahal district">Panchmahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patan_district" title="Patan district">Patan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porbandar_district" title="Porbandar district">Porbandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajkot_district" title="Rajkot district">Rajkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarkantha_district" title="Sabarkantha district">Sabarkantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat_district" title="Surat district">Surat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surendranagar_district" title="Surendranagar district">Surendranagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapi_district" title="Tapi district">Tapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadodara_district" title="Vadodara district">Vadodara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valsad_district" title="Valsad district">Valsad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Gujarat_by_population" title="List of cities in Gujarat by population">Major cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amreli" title="Amreli">Amreli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand,_Gujarat" title="Anand, Gujarat">Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankleshwar" title="Ankleshwar">Ankleshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharuch" title="Bharuch">Bharuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavnagar" title="Bhavnagar">Bhavnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botad" title="Botad">Botad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhuj" title="Bhuj">Bhuj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhidham" title="Gandhidham">Gandhidham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhinagar" title="Gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godhra" title="Godhra">Godhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamnagar" title="Jamnagar">Jamnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junagadh" title="Junagadh">Junagadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheda" title="Kheda">Kheda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehsana" title="Mehsana">Mehsana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morbi" title="Morbi">Morbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadiad" title="Nadiad">Nadiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navsari" title="Navsari">Navsari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modasa" title="Modasa">Modasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patan,_Gujarat" title="Patan, Gujarat">Patan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porbandar" title="Porbandar">Porbandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajkot" title="Rajkot">Rajkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surendranagar_Dudhrej" title="Surendranagar Dudhrej">Surendranagar Dudhrej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadhwan" title="Wadhwan">Wadhwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wankaner" title="Wankaner">Wankaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udhna" title="Udhna">Udhna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadodara" title="Vadodara">Vadodara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valsad" title="Valsad">Valsad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapi" title="Vapi">Vapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veraval" title="Veraval">Veraval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visnagar" title="Visnagar">Visnagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ecoregions_of_India" title="Category:Ecoregions of India">Ecoregions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indus_River_Delta%E2%80%93Arabian_Sea_mangroves" title="Indus River Delta–Arabian Sea mangroves">Indus River Delta–Arabian Sea mangroves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khathiar%E2%80%93Gir_dry_deciduous_forests" title="Khathiar–Gir dry deciduous forests">Khathiar–Gir dry deciduous forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Western_Ghats_moist_deciduous_forests" title="North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests">North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aravalli_West_Thorn_Scrub_Forests" title="Aravalli West Thorn Scrub Forests">Aravalli West Thorn Scrub Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rann_of_Kutch" title="Rann of Kutch">Rann of Kutch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Gujarat" title="Category:Economy of Gujarat">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_Bus_Rapid_Transit_System" title="Ahmedabad Bus Rapid Transit System">Ahmedabad Bus Rapid Transit System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIFT_City" title="GIFT City">GIFT City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_Riverfront" title="Sabarmati Riverfront">Sabarmati Riverfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Sarovar_Dam" title="Sardar Sarovar Dam">Sardar Sarovar Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_State_Wide_Area_Network" title="Gujarat State Wide Area Network">GSWAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Power_stations_of_Gujarat" title="Template:Power stations of Gujarat">Power stations and power organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_State_Petroleum_Corporation" title="Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation">Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Gas" title="Gujarat Gas">Gujarat Gas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template talk:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">World's 50 <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">most-populous urban areas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Tokyo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_metropolitan_area" title="Jakarta metropolitan area">Jakarta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)" title="National Capital Region (India)">Delhi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>–<a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">Manila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Capital_Area" title="Seoul Capital Area">Seoul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cairo" title="Greater Cairo">Cairo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City" title="Greater Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="11"><li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolkata metropolitan area">Kolkata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Dhaka" title="Greater Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Region" title="Bangkok Metropolitan Region">Bangkok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_metropolitan_area" title="Moscow metropolitan area">Moscow</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Buenos_Aires" title="Greater Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="21"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bangalore" title="Greater Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="31"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tehran" title="Greater Tehran">Tehran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Greater Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_metropolitan_area" title="Chennai metropolitan area">Chennai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_metropolitan_area" title="Paris metropolitan area">Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="41"><li><a href="/wiki/Lima_metropolitan_area" title="Lima metropolitan area">Lima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Area_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Metropolitan Area of Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Metropolitan_Region" title="Hyderabad Metropolitan Region">Hyderabad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taipei%E2%80%93Keelung_metropolitan_area" title="Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area">Taipei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_metropolitan_area" title="Chūkyō metropolitan area">Nagoya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_metropolitan_area" title="Surabaya metropolitan area">Surabaya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_metropolitan_area" title="Bandung metropolitan area">Bandung</a></li></ol></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ahmedabad_district" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ahmedabad_district" title="Template:Ahmedabad district"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ahmedabad_district" title="Template talk:Ahmedabad district"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ahmedabad_district" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ahmedabad district"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ahmedabad_district" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_district" title="Ahmedabad district">Ahmedabad district</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Headquarters: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ahmedabad</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lothal" title="Lothal">Lothal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashaval" title="Ashaval">Ashaval</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmedabad_in_Gujarat_(India).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ahmedabad district in Gujarat"><img alt="Ahmedabad district in Gujarat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ahmedabad_in_Gujarat_%28India%29.svg/150px-Ahmedabad_in_Gujarat_%28India%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ahmedabad_in_Gujarat_%28India%29.svg/225px-Ahmedabad_in_Gujarat_%28India%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ahmedabad_in_Gujarat_%28India%29.svg/300px-Ahmedabad_in_Gujarat_%28India%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="873" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ahmedabad" title="Geography of Ahmedabad">Geography of Ahmedabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhal_region" title="Bhal region">Bhal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabarmati_River" title="Sabarmati River">Sabarmati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatrak_River" title="Vatrak River">Vatrak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wildlife</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nal_Sarovar_Bird_Sanctuary" title="Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary">Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Talukas (Headquarters)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_city_Taluka" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmedabad city Taluka">Ahmedabad city</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ahmedabad</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavla_Taluka" class="mw-redirect" title="Bavla Taluka">Bavla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bavla" title="Bavla">Bavla</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daskroi_Taluka" class="mw-redirect" title="Daskroi Taluka">Daskroi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Daskroi" class="mw-redirect" title="Daskroi">Daskroi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroj-Rampura_Taluka" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroj-Rampura Taluka">Detroj-Rampura</a> (<a href="/wiki/Detroj-Rampura" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroj-Rampura">Detroj-Rampura</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhandhuka_Taluka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhandhuka Taluka">Dhandhuka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dhandhuka" title="Dhandhuka">Dhandhuka</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dholera_Taluka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dholera Taluka">Dholera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dholera" title="Dholera">Dholera</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dholka_Taluka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dholka Taluka">Dholka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dholka" title="Dholka">Dholka</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandal_Taluka" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandal Taluka">Mandal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandal">Mandal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanand_Taluka" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanand Taluka">Sanand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sanand" title="Sanand">Sanand</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viramgam_Taluka" class="mw-redirect" title="Viramgam Taluka">Viramgam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Viramgam" title="Viramgam">Viramgam</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lok Sabha constituencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_East_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Ahmedabad East Lok Sabha constituency">Ahmedabad East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad_West_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Ahmedabad West Lok Sabha constituency">Ahmedabad West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/140091243">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/133638224">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1214914/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJt8g6DMKpXhM6yqk4hrbd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4000813-7">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81094923">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13511326d">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13511326d">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge292794&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX6079080">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552868105171">Israel</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007257548305171">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/18a7a5dd-2a19-4b90-a6ed-198560a8bc12">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/050365622">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&oldid=1260017351">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabad&oldid=1260017351</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ahmedabad" title="Category:Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Smart_cities_in_India" title="Category:Smart 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</div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-78f4c97c5d-ghz8q","wgBackendResponseTime":233,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_2d89ae9f5329e2c171a0116a798f6dd54cc2adea":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geomask","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q401686","properties":{"stroke-width":1,"stroke":"#ff0000","title":"Ahmedabad"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[72.57972222222222,23.021944444444443],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"5E74F3","title":"Ahmedabad","marker-symbol":"city"}}],"_2c6c2fdd7025c2c38a83f65c2cee5d634dd79260":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geomask","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q1061","properties":{"stroke-width":1,"stroke":"#ff0000","title":"Ahmedabad"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[72.57972222222222,23.021944444444443],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"5E74F3","title":"Ahmedabad","marker-symbol":"city"}}],"_d0d65f2ff8851608a5eabc1ae31d8be2dc88c5fe":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geomask","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q668","properties":{"stroke-width":1,"stroke":"#ff0000","title":"Ahmedabad"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[72.57972222222222,23.021944444444443],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"5E74F3","title":"Ahmedabad","marker-symbol":"city"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.677","walltime":"4.295","ppvisitednodes":{"value":25536,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":844918,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":100460,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":26,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1025778,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":4,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 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1,\n [\"CITEREFCrook1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDalal2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDasgupta2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDave2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDave2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDesai,_Anjali_H.2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoshiTsuboiRaj1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDracup1942\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEraly2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForrest\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGandhi1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGans2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGargianiRosellini2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGhoshBanerjee2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillyGilinskiy2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGopal1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGovind_Sadashiv_Ghurye1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaslam\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIain_BordenMurray_FraserBarbara_Penner2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJadav2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJawaharlal_Nehru_National_Urban_Renewal_Mission2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJha2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKalia2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKapadia2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatzEllen_S._Goldberg\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaushalam\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaushik2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaushikParikh2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKenneth_L._Gillion1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhalidi2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKotkin\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuppuram1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLanga2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahadevia2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManish2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMehta1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMenon2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichell2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichellShah1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichellSnehal_ShahJohn_Burton-PageMehta,_Dinesh2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMore,_Anuj2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNair\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNair2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNair2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaomi_Canton2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Brien2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPTI\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPandya,_Yatin2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPandya2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPandya2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaniker2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatel2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrakash2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRajan1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaje2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuturaj_Jadav_and_Mehul_Jani2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSangwanY._P._AbrolMithilesh_K._Tiwari2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanyal2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSarabhai1954\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSen2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShah2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShah2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShastri2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinha\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpodek2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTiku2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTiwari2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurner1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUpadhyay2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVedavalli2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWard1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWink1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolf,_Jr.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYagnik2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYagnikSheth2011\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"'\"] = 2,\n [\"Abbr\"] = 6,\n [\"Ahmedabad district\"] = 1,\n [\"Ahmedabad topics\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 4,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar box\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar percent\"] = 5,\n [\"Center\"] = 1,\n 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