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stabilization</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: slope stabilization"> <meta name="keywords" content="slope stabilization"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="slope stabilization"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 637</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: slope stabilization</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">517</span> Stabilization of Displaced Periodic Orbit Using Feedback Linearization Control Scheme</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20Kumar%20Yadav">Arun Kumar Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badam%20Singh%20Kushvah"> Badam Singh Kushvah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work, we investigated displaced periodic orbits in the linear order in the circular restricted three-body Sun-Jupiter system, where the third mass-less body utilizes solar electric sail. The electric solar sail is a new space propulsion concept which uses the solar wind momentum for producing thrust, and it is somewhat like to the more well-known solar radiation pressure sail which is often called simply the solar sail. Moreover, we implement the feedback linearization control scheme to perform the stabilization and trajectory tracking for the nonlinear system. Further, we derived periodic orbits analytically in linear order by introducing a first order approximation. These approximate analytic solutions are utilized in a numerical search to determine displaced periodic orbit in the full nonlinear model. We found the displaced periodic orbit for the defined non-linear model and stabilized the model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20electric%20sail" title="solar electric sail">solar electric sail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20restricted%20three-body%20problem%20%28CRTBP%29" title=" circular restricted three-body problem (CRTBP)"> circular restricted three-body problem (CRTBP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displaced%20orbit" title=" displaced orbit"> displaced orbit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedback%20linearization%20control" title=" feedback linearization control"> feedback linearization control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83358/stabilization-of-displaced-periodic-orbit-using-feedback-linearization-control-scheme" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">516</span> Investigate the Mechanical Effect of Different Root Analogue Models to Soil Strength</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asmaa%20Al%20Shafiee">Asmaa Al Shafiee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erdin%20Ibraim"> Erdin Ibraim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stabilizing slopes by using vegetation is considered as a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative to the conventional methods. The main aim of this study is to investigate the mechanical effect of analogue root systems on the shear strength of different soil types. Three objectives were defined to achieve the main aim of this paper. Firstly, explore the effect of root architectural design to shear strength parameters. Secondly, study the effect of root area ratio (RAR) on the shear strength of two different soil types. Finally, to investigate how different kinds of soil can affect the behavior of the roots during shear failure. 3D printing tool was used to develop different analogue tap root models with different architectural designs. Direct shear tests were performed on Leighton Buzzard (LB) fraction B sand, which represents a coarse sand and Huston sand, which represent medium-coarse sand. All tests were done with the same relative density for both kinds of sand. The results of the direct shear test indicated that using plant roots will increase both friction angle and cohesion of soil. Additionally, different root designs affected differently the shear strength of the soil. Furthermore, the directly proportional relationship was found between root area ratio for the same root design and shear strength parameters of soil. Finally, the root area ratio effect should be combined with branches penetrating the shear plane to get the highest results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leighton%20buzzard%20sand" title="leighton buzzard sand">leighton buzzard sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20area%20ratio" title=" root area ratio"> root area ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rooted%20soil" title=" rooted soil"> rooted soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stabilization" title=" slope stabilization"> slope stabilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122599/investigate-the-mechanical-effect-of-different-root-analogue-models-to-soil-strength" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">515</span> Combined Model Predictive Controller Technique for Enhancing NAO Gait Stabilization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brahim%20Brahmi">Brahim Brahmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Hamza%20Laraki"> Mohammed Hamza Laraki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Habibur%20Rahman"> Mohammad Habibur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islam%20M.%20Rasedul"> Islam M. Rasedul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Assad%20Uz-Zaman"> M. Assad Uz-Zaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The humanoid robot, specifically the NAO robot must be able to provide a highly dynamic performance on the soccer field. Maintaining the balance of the humanoid robot during the required motion is considered as one of a challenging problems especially when the robot is subject to external disturbances, as contact with other robots. In this paper, a dynamic controller is proposed in order to ensure a robust walking (stabilization) and to improve the dynamic balance of the robot during its contact with the environment (external disturbances). The generation of the trajectory of the center of mass (CoM) is done by a model predictive controller (MPC) conjoined with zero moment point (ZMP) technique. Taking into account the properties of the rotational dynamics of the whole-body system, a modified previous control mixed with feedback control is employed to manage the angular momentum and the CoM’s acceleration, respectively. This latter is dedicated to provide a robust gait of the robot in the presence of the external disturbances. Simulation results are presented to show the feasibility of the proposed strategy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preview%20control" title="preview control">preview control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nao%20robot" title=" Nao robot"> Nao robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20predictive%20control" title=" model predictive control "> model predictive control </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108267/combined-model-predictive-controller-technique-for-enhancing-nao-gait-stabilization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">514</span> Laboratory Investigation of Expansive Soil Stabilized with Calcium Chloride</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdi%20M.%20E.%20Zumrawi">Magdi M. E. Zumrawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20A.%20Eltayeb"> Khalid A. Eltayeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chemical stabilization is a technique commonly used to improve the expansive soil properties. In this regard, an attempt has been made to evaluate the influence of Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) stabilizer on the engineering properties of expansive soil. A series of laboratory experiments including consistency limits, free swell, compaction, and shear strength tests were performed to investigate the effect of CaCl2 additive with various percentages 0%, 2%, 5%, 10% and 15% for improving expansive soil. The results obtained shows that the increase in the percentage of CaCl2 decreased the liquid limit and plasticity index leading to significant reduction in the free swell index. This, in turn, increased the maximum dry density and decreased the optimum moisture content which results in greater strength. The unconfined compressive strength of soil stabilized with 5% CaCl2 increased approximately by 50% as compared to virgin soil. It can be concluded that CaCl2 had shown promising influence on the strength and swelling properties of expansive soil, thereby giving an advantage in improving problematic expansive soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20chloride" title="calcium chloride">calcium chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20stabilization" title=" chemical stabilization"> chemical stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansive%20soil" title=" expansive soil"> expansive soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improving" title=" improving"> improving</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47906/laboratory-investigation-of-expansive-soil-stabilized-with-calcium-chloride" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">513</span> Considerations for Effectively Using Probability of Failure as a Means of Slope Design Appraisal for Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Rock Masses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neil%20Bar">Neil Bar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Heweston"> Andrew Heweston</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Probability of failure (PF) often appears alongside factor of safety (FS) in design acceptance criteria for rock slope, underground excavation and open pit mine designs. However, the design acceptance criteria generally provide no guidance relating to how PF should be calculated for homogeneous and heterogeneous rock masses, or what qualifies a ‘reasonable’ PF assessment for a given slope design. Observational and kinematic methods were widely used in the 1990s until advances in computing permitted the routine use of numerical modelling. In the 2000s and early 2010s, PF in numerical models was generally calculated using the point estimate method. More recently, some limit equilibrium analysis software offer statistical parameter inputs along with Monte-Carlo or Latin-Hypercube sampling methods to automatically calculate PF. Factors including rock type and density, weathering and alteration, intact rock strength, rock mass quality and shear strength, the location and orientation of geologic structure, shear strength of geologic structure and groundwater pore pressure influence the stability of rock slopes. Significant engineering and geological judgment, interpretation and data interpolation is usually applied in determining these factors and amalgamating them into a geotechnical model which can then be analysed. Most factors are estimated ‘approximately’ or with allowances for some variability rather than ‘exactly’. When it comes to numerical modelling, some of these factors are then treated deterministically (i.e. as exact values), while others have probabilistic inputs based on the user’s discretion and understanding of the problem being analysed. This paper discusses the importance of understanding the key aspects of slope design for homogeneous and heterogeneous rock masses and how they can be translated into reasonable PF assessments where the data permits. A case study from a large open pit gold mine in a complex geological setting in Western Australia is presented to illustrate how PF can be calculated using different methods and obtain markedly different results. Ultimately sound engineering judgement and logic is often required to decipher the true meaning and significance (if any) of some PF results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20of%20failure" title="probability of failure">probability of failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=point%20estimate%20method" title=" point estimate method"> point estimate method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte-Carlo%20simulations" title=" Monte-Carlo simulations"> Monte-Carlo simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity%20analysis" title=" sensitivity analysis"> sensitivity analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title=" slope stability"> slope stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79866/considerations-for-effectively-using-probability-of-failure-as-a-means-of-slope-design-appraisal-for-homogeneous-and-heterogeneous-rock-masses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">512</span> Stability in Slopes Related to Expansive Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivelise%20M.%20Strozberg">Ivelise M. Strozberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucas%20O.%20Vale"> Lucas O. Vale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20V.%20V.%20Morais"> Maria V. V. Morais</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Expansive soils are characterized by their significant volumetric variations, tending to suffer an increase of this volume when added water in their voids and a decrease of volume when this water is removed. The parameters of resistance (especially the angle of friction, cohesion and specific weight) of expansive or non-expansive soils of the same field present differences, as found in laboratory tests. What is expected is that, through this research, demonstrate that this variation directly affects the results of the calculation of factors of safety for slope stability. The expansibility due to specific clay minerals such as montmorillonites and vermiculites is the most common form of expansion of soils or rocks, causing expansion pressures. These pressures can become an aggravating problem in regions across the globe that, when not previously studied, may present high risks to the enterprise, such as cracks, fissures, movements in structures, breaking of retaining walls, drilling of wells, among others. The study provides results based on analyzes carried out in the Slide 2018 software belonging to the Rocsience group, where the software is a two-dimensional equilibrium slope stability program that calculates the factor of safety or probability of failure of certain surfaces composed of soils or rocks (or both, depending on the situation), - through the methods of: Bishop simplified, Fellenius and Janbu corrected. This research compares the factors of safety of a homogeneous earthfill dam geometry, analysed for operation and end-of-construction situations, having a height of approximately 35 meters, with a slope of 1.5: 1 in the slope downstream and 2: 1 on the upstream slope. As the water level is 32.73m high and the water table is drawn automatically by the Slide program using the finite element method for the operating situation, considering two hypotheses for the use of materials - the first with soils with characteristics of expansion and the second with soils without expansibility. For this purpose, soil samples were collected from the region of São Bento do Una - Pernambuco, Brazil and taken to the soil mechanics laboratory to characterize and determine the percentage of expansibility. There were found 2 types of soils in that area: 1 site of expansive soils (8%) and another with non- expansive ones. Based on the results found, the analysis of the values of factors of safety indicated, both upstream and downstream slopes, the highest values were obtained in the case where there is no presence of materials with expansibility resulting, for one of the situations, values of 1.353 (Fellenius), 1,295 (Janbu corrected) and 1,409 (Bishop simplified). There is a considerable drop in safety factors in cases where soils are potentially expansive, resulting in values for the same situation of 0.859 (Fellenius), 0.809 (Janbu corrected) and 0.842 (Bishop simplified), in the case of higher expansibility (8 %). This shows that the expansibility is a determinant factor in the fall of resistance of soil, determined by the factors of cohesion and angle of friction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dam.%20slope.%20software.%20swelling%20soil" title="dam. slope. software. swelling soil">dam. slope. software. swelling soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105502/stability-in-slopes-related-to-expansive-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105502.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">511</span> Using the Weakest Precondition to Achieve Self-Stabilization in Critical Networks </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Pizzarello">Antonio Pizzarello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oris%20Friesen"> Oris Friesen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Networks, such as the electric power grid, must demonstrate exemplary performance and integrity. Integrity depends on the quality of both the system design model and the deployed software. Integrity of the deployed software is key, for both the original versions and the many that occur throughout numerous maintenance activity. Current software engineering technology and practice do not produce adequate integrity. Distributed systems utilize networks where each node is an independent computer system. The connections between them is realized via a network that is normally redundantly connected to guarantee the presence of a path between two nodes in the case of failure of some branch. Furthermore, at each node, there is software which may fail. Self-stabilizing protocols are usually present that recognize failure in the network and perform a repair action that will bring the node back to a correct state. These protocols first introduced by E. W. Dijkstra are currently present in almost all Ethernets. Super stabilization protocols capable of reacting to a change in the network topology due to the removal or addition of a branch in the network are less common but are theoretically defined and available. This paper describes how to use the Software Integrity Assessment (SIA) methodology to analyze self-stabilizing software. SIA is based on the UNITY formalism for parallel and distributed programming, which allows the analysis of code for verifying the progress property p leads-to q that describes the progress of all computations starting in a state satisfying p to a state satisfying q via the execution of one or more system modules. As opposed to demonstrably inadequate test and evaluation methods SIA allows the analysis and verification of any network self-stabilizing software as well as any other software that is designed to recover from failure without external intervention of maintenance personnel. The model to be analyzed is obtained by automatic translation of the system code to a transition system that is based on the use of the weakest precondition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title="network">network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20grid" title=" power grid"> power grid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-stabilization" title=" self-stabilization"> self-stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20integrity%20assessment" title=" software integrity assessment"> software integrity assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UNITY" title=" UNITY"> UNITY</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weakest%20precondition" title=" weakest precondition"> weakest precondition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86956/using-the-weakest-precondition-to-achieve-self-stabilization-in-critical-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">510</span> Study of the Stability of the Slope Open-Pit Mines: Case of the Mine of Phosphates – Tebessa, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Fredj">Mohamed Fredj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdallah%20Hafsaoui"> Abdallah Hafsaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radouane%20Nakache"> Radouane Nakache</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of the stability of the mining works in rock masses fractured is the major concern of the operating engineer. For geotechnical works in mines and quarries, it there is not today's general methodology for analysis and the quantification of the risks relating to the dangers inherent in these concrete types (falling boulders, landslides, etc.). The reasons for this are uncertainty, which weighs on available data or lack of knowledge of the values of the parameters required for this analysis type. Stability calculations must be based on reliable knowledge of the distribution of discontinuities that dissect the Rocky massif and the resistance to shear of the intact rock and discontinuities. This study is aimed to study the stability of slope of mine (Kef Sennoun - Tebessa, Algeria). The problem is analyzed using a numerical model based on the finite elements (software Plaxis 3D). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title="stability">stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discontinuities" title=" discontinuities"> discontinuities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20elements" title=" finite elements"> finite elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20mass" title=" rock mass"> rock mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open-pit%20mine" title=" open-pit mine"> open-pit mine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46643/study-of-the-stability-of-the-slope-open-pit-mines-case-of-the-mine-of-phosphates-tebessa-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46643.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">509</span> The Effect of Soil Binder and Gypsum to the Changes of the Expansive Soil Shear Strength Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yulia%20Hastuti">Yulia Hastuti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratna%20Dewi"> Ratna Dewi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sandi"> Muhammad Sandi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many methods of soil stabilization that can be done such as by mixing chemicals. In this research, stabilization by mixing the soil using two types of chemical admixture, those are gypsum with a variation of 5%, 10%, and 15% and Soil binder with a concentration of 20 gr / lot of water, 25 gr / lot of water, and 30 gr / lot of water aimed to determine the effect on the soil plasticity index values and comparing the value of shear strength parameters of the mixture with the original soil conditions using a Triaxial UU test. Based on research done shows that with increasing variations in the mix, then the value of plasticity index decreased, which was originally 42% (very high degree of swelling) becomes worth 11.24% (lower Swelling degree) when a mixture of gypsum 15% and 30 gr / Lt water soil binder. As for the value shear, strength parameters increased in all variations of mixture. Admixture with the highest shear strength parameter's value is at 15% the mixture of gypsum and 20 gr / litre of water of soil binder with the 14 day treatment period, which has enhanced the cohesion value of 559.01%, the friction angle by 1157.14%. And a shear strength value of 568.49%. It can be concluded that the admixture of gypsum and soil binder correctly, can increase the value of shear strength parameters significantly and decrease the value of plasticity index of the soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansive%20soil" title="expansive soil">expansive soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gypsum" title=" gypsum"> gypsum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20binder" title=" soil binder"> soil binder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58657/the-effect-of-soil-binder-and-gypsum-to-the-changes-of-the-expansive-soil-shear-strength-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58657.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">508</span> Optimization of Tilt Angle for Solar Collectors: A Case Study for Bursa, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Arslanoglu">N. Arslanoglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the optimum tilt angle for the solar collector in order to collect the maximum solar radiation. The optimum angle for tilted surfaces varying from 0<sup>◦</sup> to 90<sup>◦</sup> in steps of 1<sup>◦ </sup>was computed. In present study, a theoretical model is used to predict the global solar radiation on a tilted surface and to obtain the optimum tilt angle for a solar collector in Bursa, Turkey. Global solar energy radiation on the solar collector surface with an optimum tilt angle is calculated for specific periods. It is determined that the optimum slope angle varies between 0<sup>◦</sup> (June) and 59<sup>◦</sup> (December) throughout the year. In winter (December, January, and February) the tilt should be 55<sup>◦</sup>, in spring (March, April, and May) 19.6<sup>◦</sup>, in summer (June, July, and August) 5.6<sup>◦</sup>, and in autumn (September, October, and November) 44.3<sup>◦</sup>. The yearly average of this value was obtained to be 31.1<sup>◦</sup> and this would be the optimum fixed slope throughout the year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20solar%20radiation" title=" global solar radiation"> global solar radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20tilt%20angle" title=" optimum tilt angle"> optimum tilt angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tilted%20surface" title=" tilted surface"> tilted surface</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49458/optimization-of-tilt-angle-for-solar-collectors-a-case-study-for-bursa-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">507</span> Analysis and Prediction of the Behavior of the Landslide at Ain El Hammam, Algeria Based on the Second Order Work Criterion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zerarka%20Hizia">Zerarka Hizia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akchiche%20Mustapha"> Akchiche Mustapha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prunier%20Florent"> Prunier Florent</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The landslide of Ain El Hammam (AEH) is characterized by a complex geology and a high hydrogeology hazard. AEH's perpetual reactivation compels us to look closely at its triggers and to better understand the mechanisms of its evolution in mass and in depth. This study builds a numerical model to simulate the influencing factors such as precipitation, non-saturation, and pore pressure fluctuations, using Plaxis software. For a finer analysis of instabilities, we use Hill's criterion, based on the sign of the second order work, which is the most appropriate material stability criterion for non-associated elastoplastic materials. The results of this type of calculation allow us, in theory, to predict the shape and position of the slip surface(s) which are liable to ground movements of the slope, before reaching the rupture given by the plastic limit of Mohr Coulomb. To validate the numerical model, an analysis of inclinometer measures is performed to confirm the direction of movement and kinematic of the sliding mechanism of AEH’s slope. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslide" title="landslide">landslide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20order%20work" title=" second order work"> second order work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precipitation" title=" precipitation"> precipitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclinometers" title=" inclinometers"> inclinometers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84706/analysis-and-prediction-of-the-behavior-of-the-landslide-at-ain-el-hammam-algeria-based-on-the-second-order-work-criterion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">506</span> Historical Geotechnical Study and Evaluation of Project Progress for the Tafila City Center Development Project</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohmd%20Sarireh">Mohmd Sarireh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The geotechnical study can be employed successfully to assess and follow the expected development or delay in the project construction. The development project of city center or downtown was taken as a case study for the investigation of the project conditions that might support progress or cause delay. The project was proposed to build 7447 m2 by reinforced concrete mainly to serve and support the services provided to people in Tafila. The project construction had faced challenges and obstacles such as soil collapse because of excavation of the weak soil that found in the project site. In addition, the topography of the project area showed a high slope from South-West to North. The slope through the project footprint reached to 83.3% which is considered very high slope. One year and a half proposed to finish the project construction since the 1st of March 2013 and it was planned to be finished by the 31th of August 2014, but the project needs more than one year and a half as extension according to the consultant engineer. The collecting of data was conducted through the interviews with the engineers and officials, and by analyzing the soil reports and samples taken during design and excavation. The major findings came out to weak and fractured soil and construction waste that were found at project site. Also, soil was considered very fine according to the plasticity index (PI) values, in addition to the high depths required for foundation that contribute to the collapse of soil and the increase of project cost. The current project aims to present how the unseen conditions can delay the project construction and increase the cost of the project that rises to JD8.305 Million. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotechnical" title="geotechnical">geotechnical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progress" title=" progress"> progress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20unseen%20conditions%20management" title=" soil unseen conditions management"> soil unseen conditions management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92435/historical-geotechnical-study-and-evaluation-of-project-progress-for-the-tafila-city-center-development-project" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">505</span> Influencing Factors on Stability of Shale with Silt Layers at Slopes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20M.%20Badrul%20Alam">A. K. M. Badrul Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshiaki%20Fujii"> Yoshiaki Fujii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahid%20Hasan%20Dipu"> Nahid Hasan Dipu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shakil%20Ahmed%20Razo"> Shakil Ahmed Razo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shale rockmasses often include silt layers, impacting slope stability in construction and mining. Analyzing their interaction is crucial for long-term stability. A study used an elastoplastic model, incorporating the stress transfer method and Coulomb's criterion, to assess a shale rock mass with silt layers. It computed stress distribution, assessed failure potential, and identified vulnerable regions where nodal forces were calculated for a comprehensive analysis. A shale rock mass ranging from 14.75 to 16.75 meters thick, with silt layers varying from 0.36 to 0.5 meters, was considered in the model. It examined four silt layer conditions: horizontal (SiHL), vertical (SiVL), inclined against slope (SiIincAGS), and along slope (SilincALO). Mechanical parameters like uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), tensile strength (TS), Young’s modulus (E), Poisson’s ratio, and density were adjusted for varied scenarios: UCS (0.5 to 5 MPa), TS (0.1 to 1 MPa), and E (6 to 60 MPa). In elastic analysis of shale rock masses, stress distributions vary based on layer properties. When shale and silt layers have the same elasticity modulus (E), stress concentrates at corners. If the silt layer has a lower E than shale, marginal changes in maximum stress (σmax) occur for SilHL. A decrease in σmax is evident at SilVL. Slight variations in σmax are observed for SilincAGS and SilincALO. In the elastoplastic analysis, the overall decrease of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 90% was considered. For SilHL:(i) Same E, UCS, and TS for silt layer and shale, UCS/TS ratio 5: strength decrease led to shear (S), tension then shear (T then S) failure; noticeable failure at 60% decrease, significant at 80%, collapse at 90%. (ii) Lower E for silt layer, same strength as shale: No significant differences. (iii) Lower E and UCS, silt layer strength 1/10: No significant differences. For SilVL: (i) Same E, UCS, and TS for silt layer and shale, UCS/TS ratio 5: Similar effects as SilHL. (ii) Lower E for silt layer, same strength as shale: Slip occurred. (iii) Lower E and UCS, silt layer strength 1/10: Bitension failure also observed with larger slip. For SilincAGS: (i) Same E, UCS, and TS for silt layer and shale, UCS/TS ratio 5: Effects similar to SilHL. (ii) Lower E for silt layer, same strength as shale: Slip occurred. (iii) Lower E and UCS, silt layer strength 1/10: Tension failure also observed with larger slip. For SilincALO: (i) Same E, UCS, and TS for silt layer and shale, UCS/TS ratio 5: Similar to SilHL with tension failure. (ii) Lower E for silt layer, same strength as shale: No significant differences; failure diverged. (iii) Lower E and UCS, silt layer strength 1/10: Bitension failure also observed with larger slip; failure diverged. Toppling failure was observed for lower E cases of SilVL and SilincAGS. The presence of silt interlayers in shale greatly impacts slope stability. Designing slopes requires careful consideration of both the silt and shale's mechanical properties. The temporal degradation of strength in these layers is a major concern. Thus, slope design must comprehensively analyze the immediate and long-term mechanical behavior of interlayer silt and shale to effectively mitigate instability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shale%20rock%20masses" title="shale rock masses">shale rock masses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silt%20layers" title=" silt layers"> silt layers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title=" slope stability"> slope stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elasto-plastic%20model" title=" elasto-plastic model"> elasto-plastic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20degradation" title=" temporal degradation"> temporal degradation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182094/influencing-factors-on-stability-of-shale-with-silt-layers-at-slopes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">504</span> Asymmetric Relation between Earnings and Returns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seungmin%20Chee">Seungmin Chee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates which of the two arguments, conservatism or liquidation option, is a true underlying driver of the asymmetric slope coefficient result regarding the association between earnings and returns. The analysis of the relation between earnings and returns in four mutually exclusive settings segmented by ‘profits vs. losses’ and ‘positive returns vs. negative returns’ suggests that liquidation option rather than conservatism is likely to cause the asymmetric slope coefficient result. Furthermore, this paper documents the temporal changes between Basu period (1963-1990) and post-Basu period (1990-2005). Although no significant change in degree of conservatism or value relevance of losses is reported, stronger negative relation between losses and positive returns is observed in the post-Basu period. Separate regression analysis of each quintile based on the rankings of price to sales ratio and book to market ratio suggests that the strong negative relation is driven by growth firms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservatism" title="conservatism">conservatism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earnings" title=" earnings"> earnings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquidation%20option" title=" liquidation option"> liquidation option</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=returns" title=" returns"> returns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25149/asymmetric-relation-between-earnings-and-returns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">503</span> Analytical Solution for End Depth Ratio in Rectangular Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20Abdulrahman">Abdulrahman Abdulrahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abir%20Abdulrahman"> Abir Abdulrahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Free over-fall is an instrument for measuring discharge in open channels by measuring end depth. A comprehensive researchers investigated theoretically and experimentally brink phenomenon with various approaches for different cross-sectional shapes. Anderson's method, based on Boussinq's approximation and energy approach was used to derive a pressure distribution factor at end depth. Applying the one-dimensional momentum equation and the principles of limit slope analysis, a relevant analytical solution may be derived for brink depth ratio (EDR) in prismatic rectangular channel. Also relationships between end depth ratio and slope ratio for a given non-dimensional normal or critical depth with upstream supercritical flow regime are presented. Simple indirect procedure is used to estimate the end depth discharge ratio (EDD) for subcritical and supercritical flow using measured end depth. The comparison of this analysis with all previous theoretical and experimental studies showed an excellent agreement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20solution" title="analytical solution">analytical solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brink%20depth" title=" brink depth"> brink depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=end%20depth" title=" end depth"> end depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20measurement" title=" flow measurement"> flow measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20over%20fall" title=" free over fall"> free over fall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulics" title=" hydraulics"> hydraulics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular%20channel" title=" rectangular channel"> rectangular channel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92286/analytical-solution-for-end-depth-ratio-in-rectangular-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">502</span> Close-Range Remote Sensing Techniques for Analyzing Rock Discontinuity Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sina%20Fatolahzadeh">Sina Fatolahzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergio%20A.%20Sep%C3%BAlveda"> Sergio A. Sepúlveda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents advanced developments in close-range, terrestrial remote sensing techniques to enhance the characterization of rock masses. The study integrates two state-of-the-art laser-scanning technologies, the HandySCAN and GeoSLAM laser scanners, to extract high-resolution geospatial data for rock mass analysis. These instruments offer high accuracy, precision, low acquisition time, and high efficiency in capturing intricate geological features in small to medium size outcrops and slope cuts. Using the HandySCAN and GeoSLAM laser scanners facilitates real-time, three-dimensional mapping of rock surfaces, enabling comprehensive assessments of rock mass characteristics. The collected data provide valuable insights into structural complexities, surface roughness, and discontinuity patterns, which are essential for geological and geotechnical analyses. The synergy of these advanced remote sensing technologies contributes to a more precise and straightforward understanding of rock mass behavior. In this case, the main parameters of RQD, joint spacing, persistence, aperture, roughness, infill, weathering, water condition, and joint orientation in a slope cut along the Sea-to-Sky Highway, BC, were remotely analyzed to calculate and evaluate the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI) classification systems. Automatic and manual analyses of the acquired data are then compared with field measurements. The results show the usefulness of the proposed remote sensing methods and their appropriate conformity with the actual field data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title="remote sensing">remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20mechanics" title=" rock mechanics"> rock mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20engineering" title=" rock engineering"> rock engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title=" slope stability"> slope stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discontinuity%20properties" title=" discontinuity properties"> discontinuity properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183400/close-range-remote-sensing-techniques-for-analyzing-rock-discontinuity-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">501</span> Modeling of the Effect of Explosives, Geological and Geotechnical Parameters on the Stability of Rock Masses Case of Marrakech: Agadir Highway, Morocco</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taoufik%20Benchelha">Taoufik Benchelha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toufik%20Remmal"> Toufik Remmal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20El%20Hamdouni"> Rachid El Hamdouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamou%20Mansouri"> Hamou Mansouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houssein%20Ejjaouani"> Houssein Ejjaouani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Jounaid"> Halima Jounaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Benchelha"> Said Benchelha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the earthworks for the construction of Marrakech-Agadir highway in southern Morocco, which crosses mountainous areas of the High Western Atlas, the main problem faced is the stability of the slopes. Indeed, the use of explosives as a means of excavation associated with the geological structure of the terrain encountered can trigger major ruptures and cause damage which depends on the intrinsic characteristics of the rock mass. The study consists of a geological and geotechnical analysis of several unstable zones located along the route, mobilizing millions of cubic meters of rock, with deduction of the parameters influencing slope stability. From this analysis, a predictive model for rock mass stability is carried out, based on a statistic method of logistic regression, in order to predict the geomechanical behavior of the rock slopes constrained by earthworks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explosive" title="explosive">explosive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic%20regression" title=" logistic regression"> logistic regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20mass" title=" rock mass"> rock mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title=" slope stability"> slope stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71665/modeling-of-the-effect-of-explosives-geological-and-geotechnical-parameters-on-the-stability-of-rock-masses-case-of-marrakech-agadir-highway-morocco" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">500</span> The Mapping of Pastoral Area as a Basis of Ecological for Beef Cattle in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasmal%20A.%20Syamsu">Jasmal A. Syamsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Yusuf"> Muhammad Yusuf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hikmah%20M.%20Ali"> Hikmah M. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mawardi%20A.%20Asja"> Mawardi A. Asja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zulkharnaim"> Zulkharnaim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted and aimed in identifying and mapping the pasture as an ecological base of beef cattle. A survey was carried out during a period of April to June 2016, in Suppa, Mattirobulu, the district of Pinrang, South Sulawesi province. The mapping process of grazing area was conducted in several stages; inputting and tracking of data points into Google Earth Pro (version 7.1.4.1529), affirmation and confirmation of tracking line visualized by satellite with a variety of records at the point, a certain point and tracking input data into ArcMap Application (ArcGIS version 10.1), data processing DEM/SRTM (S04E119) with respect to the location of the grazing areas, creation of a contour map (a distance of 5 m) and mapping tilt (slope) of land and land cover map-making. Analysis of land cover, particularly the state of the vegetation was done through the identification procedure NDVI (Normalized Differences Vegetation Index). This procedure was performed by making use of the Landsat-8. The results showed that the topography of the grazing areas of hills and some sloping surfaces and flat with elevation vary from 74 to 145 above sea level (asl), while the requirements for growing superior grass and legume is an altitude of up to 143-159 asl. Slope varied between 0 - > 40% and was dominated by a slope of 0-15%, according to the slope/topography pasture maximum of 15%. The range of NDVI values for pasture image analysis results was between 0.1 and 0.27. Characteristics of vegetation cover of pasture land in the category of vegetation density were low, 70% of the land was the land for cattle grazing, while the remaining approximately 30% was a grove and forest included plant water where the place for shelter of the cattle during the heat and drinking water supply. There are seven types of graminae and 5 types of legume that was dominant in the region. Proportionally, graminae class dominated up 75.6% and legume crops up to 22.1% and the remaining 2.3% was another plant trees that grow in the region. The dominant weed species in the region were Cromolaenaodorata and Lantana camara, besides that there were 6 types of floor plant that did not include as forage fodder. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pastoral" title="pastoral">pastoral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecology" title=" ecology"> ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mapping" title=" mapping"> mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beef%20cattle" title=" beef cattle"> beef cattle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55829/the-mapping-of-pastoral-area-as-a-basis-of-ecological-for-beef-cattle-in-pinrang-regency-south-sulawesi-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55829.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">499</span> Soil Loss Assessment at Steep Slope: A Case Study at the Guthrie Corridor Expressway, Selangor, Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabiul%20Islam">Rabiul Islam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was in order to assess soil erosion at plot scale Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) erosion model and Geographic Information System (GIS) technique have been used for the study 8 plots in Guthrie Corridor Expressway, Selangor, Malaysia. The USLE model estimates an average soil loss soil integrating several factors such as rainfall erosivity factor(R ), Soil erodibility factor (K), slope length and steepness factor (LS), vegetation cover factor as well as conservation practice factor (C &P) and Results shows that the four plots have very low rates of soil loss, i.e. NLDNM, NDNM, PLDM, and NDM having an average soil loss of 0.059, 0.106, 0.386 and 0.372 ton/ha/ year, respectively. The NBNM, PLDNM and NLDM plots had a relatively higher rate of soil loss, with an average of 0.678, 0.757 and 0.493ton/ha/year. Whereas, the NBM is one of the highest rate of soil loss from 0.842 ton/ha/year to maximum 16.466 ton/ha/year. The NBM plot was located at bare the land; hence the magnitude of C factor(C=0.15) was the highest one. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=USLE%20model" title="USLE model">USLE model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guthrie%20Corridor%20Expressway%20%28GCE%29" title=" Guthrie Corridor Expressway (GCE)"> Guthrie Corridor Expressway (GCE)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24018/soil-loss-assessment-at-steep-slope-a-case-study-at-the-guthrie-corridor-expressway-selangor-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">498</span> The Threshold Values of Soil Water Index for Landslides on Country Road No.89</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji-Yuan%20Lin">Ji-Yuan Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Ming%20Liou"> Yu-Ming Liou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Ting%20Chen"> Yi-Ting Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen-Syuan%20Lin"> Chen-Syuan Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil water index obtained by tank model is now commonly used in soil and sand disaster alarm system in Japan. Comparing with the rainfall trigging index in Taiwan, the tank model is easy to predict the slope water content on large-scale landslide. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the threshold value of large-scale landslide using the soil water index Sixteen typhoons and heavy rainfall events, were selected to establish the, to relationship between landslide event and soil water index. Finally, the proposed threshold values for landslides on country road No.89 are suggested in this study. The study results show that 95% landslide cases occurred in soil water index more than 125mm, and 30% of the more serious slope failure occurred in the soil water index is greater than 250mm. Beside, this study speculates when soil water index more than 250mm and the difference value between second tank and third tank less than -25mm, it leads to large-scale landslide more probably. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20water%20index" title="soil water index">soil water index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tank%20model" title=" tank model"> tank model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslide" title=" landslide"> landslide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20values" title=" threshold values"> threshold values</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57064/the-threshold-values-of-soil-water-index-for-landslides-on-country-road-no89" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">497</span> The Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Lumbar Stabilization Exercises on Muscle Strength and Muscle Endurance in Patients with Lumbar Disc Hernia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Gulsen">Mustafa Gulsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitat%20Koz"> Mitat Koz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of lumbar stabilisation and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) training on muscle strength and muscle endurance. The participants were 64 between the ages of 15-69 (53.04 ± 14.59), who were graded protrusion and bulging lumbar herniation according to 'Macnab Classification'. The participants were divided into four groups as each group had 16 participants: lumbar stabilitation training, PNF training, physical therapy and control groups. Sociodemographic features were recorded. Then their muscle strength tests (by isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex 770 Norm Lumex Inc, Ronkonkoma, NY, USA) were recorded. Before and after applications; visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability İndex were applied by a physical therapist. The participants in lumbar stabilisation group performed 45 minutes, 5 days in a week for 4 weeks strength training with a physical therapist observation. The participants in PNF group performed 5 days in a week for 4 weeks with pelvic patterns of PNF by a physiotherapist. The participants in physical therapy group underwent Hotpack, Tens and Ultrasound therapy 5 days in a week for 4 weeks. The participants in control group didn’t take any training programme. After 4 weeks, the evaluations were repeated. There were significant increases in muscle strength and muscle endurance in lumbar stabilization training group. Also in pain intensity at rest and during activity in this group and in Oswestry disability index of patients, there were significant improvements (p < 0.05). In PNF training group likewise, there were significant improvements in muscle strength, muscle endurance, pain intensity at rest and with activity and in Oswestry disability index (p < 0.05). But improvements in the Lumbar Stabilization group was better than PNF Group. We found significant differences only in pain intensity at rest and with activity and in Oswestry disability index (p < 0.05). in the patients in Physical Therapy group. We think that appropriate physiotherapy and rehabilitation program which will be prepared for patients, to protect the waist circumference of patients with low muscle strength and low muscle endurance will increase muscle strength and muscle endurance. And it is expected that will reduce pain and will provide advances toward correcting functional disability of the patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disc%20herniation" title="disc herniation">disc herniation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endurance" title=" endurance"> endurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbar%20stabilitation%20exercises" title=" lumbar stabilitation exercises"> lumbar stabilitation exercises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PNF" title=" PNF"> PNF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84516/the-effect-of-proprioceptive-neuromuscular-facilitation-and-lumbar-stabilization-exercises-on-muscle-strength-and-muscle-endurance-in-patients-with-lumbar-disc-hernia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">496</span> Assessment of Sediment Control Characteristics of Notches in Different Sediment Transport Regimes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih%20Ming%20Tseng">Chih Ming Tseng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Landslides during typhoons that generate substantial amounts of sediment and subsequent rainfall can trigger various types of sediment transport regimes, such as debris flows, high-concentration sediment-laden flows, and typical river sediment transport. This study aims to investigate the sediment control characteristics of natural notches within different sediment transport regimes. High-resolution digital terrain models were used to establish the relationship between slope gradients and catchment areas, which were then used to delineate distinct sediment transport regimes and analyze the sediment control characteristics of notches within these regimes. The research results indicate that the catchment areas of Aiyuzi Creek, Hossa Creek, and Chushui Creek in the study region can be clearly categorized into three sediment transport regimes based on the slope-area relationship curves: frequent collapse headwater areas, debris flow zones, and high-concentration sediment-laden flow zones. The threshold for transitioning from the collapse zone to the debris flow zone in the Aiyuzi Creek catchment is lower compared to Hossa Creek and Chushui Creek, suggesting that the active collapse processes in the upper reaches of Aiyuzi Creek continuously supply a significant sediment source, making it more susceptible to subsequent debris flow events. Moreover, the analysis of sediment trapping efficiency at notches within different sediment transport regimes reveals that as the notch constriction ratio increases, the sediment accumulation per unit area also increases. The accumulation thickness per unit area in high-concentration sediment-laden flow zones is greater than in debris flow zones, indicating differences in sediment deposition characteristics among various sediment transport regimes. Regarding sediment control rates at notches, there is a generally positive correlation with the notch constriction ratio. During the 2009 Morakot Typhoon, the substantial sediment supply from slope failures in the upstream catchment led to an oversupplied sediment transport condition in the river channel. Consequently, sediment control rates were more pronounced during medium and small sediment transport events between 2010 and 2015. However, there were no significant differences in sediment control rates among the different sediment transport regimes at notches. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the sediment control characteristics of notches under various sediment transport conditions, which can aid in the development of improved sediment management strategies in watersheds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslide" title="landslide">landslide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debris%20flow" title=" debris flow"> debris flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=notch" title=" notch"> notch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20control" title=" sediment control"> sediment control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DTM" title=" DTM"> DTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%E2%80%93area%20relation" title=" slope–area relation"> slope–area relation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191167/assessment-of-sediment-control-characteristics-of-notches-in-different-sediment-transport-regimes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">28</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">495</span> Application of 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomographic Imaging Technique to Study Climate Induced Landslide and Slope Stability through the Analysis of Factor of Safety: A Case Study in Ooty Area, Tamil Nadu, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Maniruzzaman">S. Maniruzzaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ramanujam"> N. Ramanujam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qazi%20Akhter%20Rasool"> Qazi Akhter Rasool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swapan%20Kumar%20Biswas"> Swapan Kumar Biswas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Prasad"> P. Prasad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandrakanta%20Ojha"> Chandrakanta Ojha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Landslide is one of the major natural disasters in South Asian countries. Applying 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomographic Imaging estimation of geometry, thickness, and depth of failure zone of the landslide can be made. Landslide is a pertinent problem in Nilgris plateau next to Himalaya. Nilgris range consists of hard Archean metamorphic rocks. Intense weathering prevailed during the Pre-Cambrian time had deformed the rocks up to 45m depth. The landslides are dominant in the southern and eastern part of plateau of is comparatively smaller than the northern drainage basins, as it has low density of drainage; coarse texture permitted the more of infiltration of rainwater, whereas in the northern part of the plateau entombed with high density of drainage pattern and fine texture with less infiltration than run off, and low to the susceptible to landslide. To get comprehensive information about the landslide zone 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomographic imaging study with CRM 500 Resistivity meter are used in Coonoor– Mettupalyam sector of Nilgiris plateau. To calculate Factor of Safety the infinite slope model of Brunsden and Prior is used. Factor of Safety can be expressed (FS) as the ratio of resisting forces to disturbing forces. If FS < 1 disturbing forces are larger than resisting forces and failure may occur. The geotechnical parameters of soil samples are calculated on the basis upon the apparent resistivity values for litho units of measured from 2D ERT image of the landslide zone. Relationship between friction angles for various soil properties is established by simple regression analysis from apparent resistivity data. Increase of water content in slide zone reduces the effectiveness of the shearing resistance and increase the sliding movement. Time-lapse resistivity changes to slope failure is determined through geophysical Factor of Safety which depends on resistivity and site topography. This ERT technique infers soil property at variable depths in wider areas. This approach to retrieve the soil property and overcomes the limit of the point of information provided by rain gauges and porous probes. Monitoring of slope stability without altering soil structure through the ERT technique is non-invasive with low cost. In landslide prone area an automated Electrical Resistivity Tomographic Imaging system should be installed permanently with electrode networks to monitor the hydraulic precursors to monitor landslide movement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%20ERT" title="2D ERT">2D ERT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslide" title=" landslide"> landslide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20factor" title=" safety factor"> safety factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title=" slope stability"> slope stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68611/application-of-2d-electrical-resistivity-tomographic-imaging-technique-to-study-climate-induced-landslide-and-slope-stability-through-the-analysis-of-factor-of-safety-a-case-study-in-ooty-area-tamil-nadu-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">494</span> Flood Susceptibility Assessment of Mandaluyong City Using Analytic Hierarchy Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keigh%20D.%20Guinto">Keigh D. Guinto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma.%20Romina%20M.%20Santos"> Ma. Romina M. Santos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most catastrophic natural disasters in the Philippines is floods. Twelve (12) million people reside in Metro Manila, National Capital Region (NCR), prone to flooding. A flood can cause widespread devastation resulting in damaged properties and infrastructures and loss of life. By using the analytical hierarchy process, six (6) parameters were selected, namely elevation, slope, lithology, distance from the river, river network density, and flow accumulation. Ranking of these parameters demonstrates that distance from the river with 25.31% and river density with 17.30% ranked the highest causative factor to flooding. This is followed by flow accumulation with 16.72%, elevation with 15.33%, slope with 13.53%, and the least flood causative factor is lithology with 11.8%. The generated flood susceptibility map of Mandaluyong has three (3) classes: high susceptibility, moderate susceptibility, and low susceptibility. The flood susceptibility map generated in this study can be used as an aid for planning flood mitigation, land use planning, and general public awareness. This study can also be used for emergency management and can be applied in the disaster risk management of Mandaluyong. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20hierarchy%20process" title="analytical hierarchy process">analytical hierarchy process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title=" assessment"> assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood" title=" flood"> flood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20information%20system" title=" geographic information system"> geographic information system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147575/flood-susceptibility-assessment-of-mandaluyong-city-using-analytic-hierarchy-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147575.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">493</span> The Genesis of the Anomalous Sernio Fan (Valtellina, Northern Italy)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erika%20De%20Finis">Erika De Finis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paola%20Gattinoni"> Paola Gattinoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Scesi"> Laura Scesi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Massive rock avalanches formed some of the largest landslide deposits on Earth and they represent one of the major geohazards in high-relief mountains. This paper interprets a very large sedimentary fan (the Sernio fan, Valtellina, Northern Italy), located 20 Km SW from Val Pola Rock avalanche (1987), as the deposit of a partial collapse of a Deep Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation (DSGSD), afterwards eroded and buried by debris flows. The proposed emplacement sequence has been reconstructed based on geomorphological, structural and mechanical evidences. The Sernio fan is actually considered anomalous with reference to the very high ratio between the fan area (about 4.5km2) and the basin area (about 3km2). The morphology of the fan area is characterised by steep slopes (dip about 20%) and the fan apex is extended for 1.8 km inside the small catchment basin. This sedimentary fan was originated by a landslide that interested a part of a large deep-seated gravitational slope deformation, involving a wide area of about 55 km². The main controlling factor is tectonic and it is related to the proximity to regional fault systems and the consequent occurrence of fault weak rocks (GSI locally lower than 10 with compressive stress lower than 20MPa). Moreover, the fan deposit shows sedimentary evidences of recent debris flow events. The best current explanation of the Sernio fan involves an initial failure of some hundreds of Mm3. The run-out was quite limited because of the morphology of Valtellina’s valley floor, and the deposit filled the main valley forming a landslide dam, as confirmed by the lacustrine deposits detected upstream the fan. Nowadays the debris flow events represent the main hazard in the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anomalous%20sedimentary%20fans" title="anomalous sedimentary fans">anomalous sedimentary fans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20seated%20gravitational%20slope%20deformation" title=" deep seated gravitational slope deformation"> deep seated gravitational slope deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Italy" title=" Italy"> Italy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20avalanche" title=" rock avalanche"> rock avalanche</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35984/the-genesis-of-the-anomalous-sernio-fan-valtellina-northern-italy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">492</span> Rainfall–Runoff Simulation Using WetSpa Model in Golestan Dam Basin, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Dahmardeh%20Ghaleno">M. R. Dahmardeh Ghaleno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Nohtani"> M. Nohtani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Khaledi"> S. Khaledi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flood simulation and prediction is one of the most active research areas in surface water management. WetSpa is a distributed, continuous, and physical model with daily or hourly time step that explains precipitation, runoff, and evapotranspiration processes for both simple and complex contexts. This model uses a modified rational method for runoff calculation. In this model, runoff is routed along the flow path using Diffusion-Wave equation which depends on the slope, velocity, and flow route characteristics. Golestan Dam Basin is located in Golestan province in Iran and it is passing over coordinates 55° 16´ 50" to 56° 4´ 25" E and 37° 19´ 39" to 37° 49´ 28"N. The area of the catchment is about 224 km<sup>2</sup>, and elevations in the catchment range from 414 to 2856 m at the outlet, with average slope of 29.78%. Results of the simulations show a good agreement between calculated and measured hydrographs at the outlet of the basin. Drawing upon Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient for calibration periodic model estimated daily hydrographs and maximum flow rate with an accuracy up to 59% and 80.18%, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watershed%20simulation" title="watershed simulation">watershed simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WetSpa" title=" WetSpa"> WetSpa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stream%20flow" title=" stream flow"> stream flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood%20prediction" title=" flood prediction"> flood prediction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75412/rainfall-runoff-simulation-using-wetspa-model-in-golestan-dam-basin-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">491</span> Coastal Modelling Studies for Jumeirah First Beach Stabilization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zongyan%20Yang">Zongyan Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gagan%20K.%20Jena"> Gagan K. Jena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sankar%20B.%20Karanam"> Sankar B. Karanam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noora%20M.%20A.%20Hokal"> Noora M. A. Hokal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Jumeirah First beach, a segment of coastline of length 1.5 km, is one of the popular public beaches in Dubai, UAE. The stability of the beach has been affected by several coastal developmental projects, including The World, Island 2 and La Mer. A comprehensive stabilization scheme comprising of two composite groynes (of lengths 90 m and 125m), modification to the northern breakwater of Jumeirah Fishing Harbour and beach re-nourishment was implemented by Dubai Municipality in 2012. However, the performance of the implemented stabilization scheme has been compromised by La Mer project (built in 2016), which modified the wave climate at the Jumeirah First beach. The objective of the coastal modelling studies is to establish design basis for further beach stabilization scheme(s). Comprehensive coastal modelling studies had been conducted to establish the nearshore wave climate, equilibrium beach orientations and stable beach plan forms. Based on the outcomes of the modeling studies, recommendation had been made to extend the composite groynes to stabilize the Jumeirah First beach. Wave transformation was performed following an interpolation approach with wave transformation matrixes derived from simulations of a possible range of wave conditions in the region. The Dubai coastal wave model is developed with MIKE21 SW. The offshore wave conditions were determined from PERGOS wave data at 4 offshore locations with consideration of the spatial variation. The lateral boundary conditions corresponding to the offshore conditions, at Dubai/Abu Dhabi and Dubai Sharjah borders, were derived with application of LitDrift 1D wave transformation module. The Dubai coastal wave model was calibrated with wave records at monitoring stations operated by Dubai Municipality. The wave transformation matrix approach was validated with nearshore wave measurement at a Dubai Municipality monitoring station in the vicinity of the Jumeirah First beach. One typical year wave time series was transformed to 7 locations in front of the beach to count for the variation of wave conditions which are affected by adjacent and offshore developments. Equilibrium beach orientations were estimated with application of LitDrift by finding the beach orientations with null annual littoral transport at the 7 selected locations. The littoral transport calculation results were compared with beach erosion/accretion quantities estimated from the beach monitoring program (twice a year including bathymetric and topographical surveys). An innovative integral method was developed to outline the stable beach plan forms from the estimated equilibrium beach orientations, with predetermined minimum beach width. The optimal lengths for the composite groyne extensions were recommended based on the stable beach plan forms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20groyne" title="composite groyne">composite groyne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium%20beach%20orientation" title=" equilibrium beach orientation"> equilibrium beach orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stable%20beach%20plan%20form" title=" stable beach plan form"> stable beach plan form</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20transformation%20matrix" title=" wave transformation matrix"> wave transformation matrix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103759/coastal-modelling-studies-for-jumeirah-first-beach-stabilization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">490</span> The Effect of Isokinetic Fatigue of Ankle, Knee, and Hip Muscles on the Dynamic Postural Stability Index</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoumeh%20Shojaei">Masoumeh Shojaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalie%20Gedayloo"> Natalie Gedayloo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Sarshin"> Amir Sarshin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of Isokinetic fatigue of muscles around the ankle, knee, and hip on the indicators of dynamic postural stability. Therefore, 15 female university students (age 19.7± 0.6 years old, weight 54.6± 9.4 kg, and height 163.9± 5.6 cm) participated in within-subjects design for 5 different days. In the first session, the postural stability indices (time to stabilization after jump-landing) without fatigue were assessed by force plate and in each next sessions, one of muscle groups of the lower limb including the muscles around ankles, knees, and hip was randomly exhausted by Biodex Isokinetic dynamometer and the indices were assessed immediately after the fatigue of each muscle group. The method involved landing on a force plate from a dynamic state, and transitioning balance into a static state. Results of ANOVA with repeated measures indicated that there was no significant difference between the time to stabilization (TTS) before and after Isokinetic fatigue of the muscles around the ankle, knee and hip in medial – lateral direction (p > 0.05), but in the anterior – posterior (AP) direction, the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Least Significant Difference (LSD) post hoc test results also showed that there was significant difference between TTS in knee and hip muscles before and after isokinetic fatigue in AP direction. In the other hand knee and hip muscles group were affected by isokinetic fatigue only in AP surface (p < 0.05). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20balance" title="dynamic balance">dynamic balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue" title=" fatigue"> fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower%20limb%20muscles" title=" lower limb muscles"> lower limb muscles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postural%20control" title=" postural control"> postural control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72339/the-effect-of-isokinetic-fatigue-of-ankle-knee-and-hip-muscles-on-the-dynamic-postural-stability-index" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72339.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">489</span> Wave Interaction with Single and Twin Vertical and Sloped Porous Walls </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Alkhalidi">Mohamad Alkhalidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Neelamani"> S. Neelamani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Alanjari"> Noor Alanjari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of harbors and marinas is to create a calm and safe docking space for marine vessels. Standard rubble mound breakwaters, although widely used, occupy port space and require large amounts of stones or rocks. Kuwait does not have good quality stone, so they are imported at a very high cost. Therefore, there is a need for a new wave energy dissipating structure where stones and rocks are scarce. While permeable slotted vertical walls have been proved to be a suitable alternative to rubble mound breakwaters, the introduction of sloped slotted walls may be more efficient in dissipating wave energy. For example, two slotted barriers with 60degree inclination may be equivalent to three vertical slotted barriers from wave energy dissipation point of view. A detailed physical model study is carried out to determine the effects of slope angle, porosity, and a number of walls on wave energy dissipation for a wide range of random and regular waves. The results of this study can be used to improve and optimize energy dissipation and reduce construction cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title="porosity">porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope" title=" slope"> slope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20reflection" title=" wave reflection"> wave reflection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20transmission" title=" wave transmission"> wave transmission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59353/wave-interaction-with-single-and-twin-vertical-and-sloped-porous-walls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">488</span> Lactation Curve at Holstein Cows in Romania and Influencing Factors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enea%20Danut%20Nicolae">Enea Danut Nicolae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osman%20%28Defta%29%20Aurelia"> Osman (Defta) Aurelia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vidu%20Livia"> Vidu Livia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marginean%20Gheorghe"> Marginean Gheorghe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Defta%20Nicoleta"> Defta Nicoleta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moise%20Andrada"> Moise Andrada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, as a result of population growth, there is an increase in demand for animal products; milk and dairy products are an important part of this category. Maintaining production at maximum levels for as long as possible is one of the main objectives of dairy farmers. Over the course of lactation, a cow's milk production is not uniform. During the initial stage of lactation, the cow's milk production follows an upward slope, a plateau, and then a downward slope, which is a reflection of the lactation curve. The evolution of the lactation curve is influenced by numerous factors, which are genetic, exploitation, physiological, environmental and technological. The aim of this study was to observe the lactation curve of Holstein cows in Romania and determine the extent to which they conform to the expected pattern. In addition, there has been an analysis of the factors which have an influence on this curve and the extent of this influence. In order to be able to carry out the present study, data were collected from three farms located in three different geographical areas. To highlight the findings, the data collected was then statistically processed and graphically interpreted. All the farms have only Holstein cows, which are kept in free stalls. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactation%20curve" title="lactation curve">lactation curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Holstein" title=" Holstein"> Holstein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk%20production" title=" milk production"> milk production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influencing%20factors" title=" influencing factors"> influencing factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183985/lactation-curve-at-holstein-cows-in-romania-and-influencing-factors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stabilization&page=4" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stabilization&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stabilization&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stabilization&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stabilization&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">5</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stabilization&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stabilization&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stabilization&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stabilization&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stabilization&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stabilization&page=21">21</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stabilization&page=22">22</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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