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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Karolingers" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Karolingers" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Karolingers" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Karolingers" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Opkoms_van_die_Karolingers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opkoms_van_die_Karolingers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Opkoms van die Karolingers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opkoms_van_die_Karolingers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karolingiese_Huis_(751–987)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karolingiese_Huis_(751–987)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Karolingiese Huis (751–987)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karolingiese_Huis_(751–987)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Karolingers</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 76 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolinger" title="Karolinger – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Karolinger" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Carolinchia" title="Dinastía Carolinchia – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dinastía Carolinchia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="كارولنجيون – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كارولنجيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كارولينجيين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كارولينجيين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_carolinxa" title="Dinastía carolinxa – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dinastía carolinxa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolinql%C9%99r_s%C3%BClal%C9%99si" title="Karolinqlər sülaləsi – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karolinqlər sülaləsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Каралінгі – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каралінгі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Каралінгі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каралінгі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Каролинги – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Каролинги" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolingidi" title="Karolingidi – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Karolingidi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolinzi" title="Karolinzi – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Karolinzi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_carol%C3%ADngia" title="Dinastia carolíngia – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dinastia carolíngia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlovci" title="Karlovci – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karlovci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Каролингсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Каролингсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Carolingiaid" title="Y Carolingiaid – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Carolingiaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolingerne" title="Karolingerne – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Karolingerne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolinger" title="Karolinger – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karolinger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B4%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Δυναστεία των Καρολιδών – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυναστεία των Καρολιδών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Carolingian dynasty" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolidoj" title="Karolidoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karolidoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_carolingia" title="Dinastía carolingia – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dinastía carolingia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolingid" title="Karolingid – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Karolingid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolingioak" title="Karolingioak – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karolingioak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%DA%98%DB%8C" title="دودمان کارولنژی – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دودمان کارولنژی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolingit" title="Karolingit – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karolingit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolingarnir" title="Karolingarnir – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Karolingarnir" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingiens" title="Carolingiens – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carolingiens" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolingen" title="Karolingen – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Karolingen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADshlocht_na_gCairil%C3%ADnseach" title="Ríshlocht na gCairilínseach – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ríshlocht na gCairilínseach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_carolinxia" title="Dinastía carolinxia – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dinastía carolinxia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%99%D7%AA" title="השושלת הקרולינגית – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="השושלת הקרולינגית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolinzi" title="Karolinzi – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Karolinzi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karoling-h%C3%A1z" title="Karoling-ház – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Karoling-ház" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կարոլինգներ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարոլինգներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastia_carolinge" title="Dynastia carolinge – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Dynastia carolinge" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangsa_Karoling" title="Wangsa Karoling – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wangsa Karoling" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolus-dinastio" title="Karolus-dinastio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Karolus-dinastio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlungar" title="Karlungar – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Karlungar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingi" title="Carolingi – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carolingi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E6%9C%9D" title="カロリング朝 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カロリング朝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კაროლინგების დინასტია – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კაროლინგების დინასტია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A1%A4%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4_%EC%99%95%EC%A1%B0" title="카롤루스 왕조 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카롤루스 왕조" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Каролингдер – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Каролингдер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingorum_stirps" title="Carolingorum stirps – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolingorum stirps" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolenger" title="Karolenger – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Karolenger" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolinge" title="Karolinge – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Karolinge" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolingai" title="Karolingai – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karolingai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolingu_dinastija" title="Karolingu dinastija – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karolingu dinastija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Каролинзи – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Каролинзи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Carolus" title="Dinasti Carolus – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dinasti Carolus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolingen" title="Karolingen – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Karolingen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolingarane" title="Karolingarane – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Karolingarane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolingerne" title="Karolingerne – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karolingerne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolingowie" title="Karolingowie – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karolingowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AB%D9%8A%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8D" title="کارولينګين کورنۍ – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کارولينګين کورنۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_carol%C3%ADngia" title="Dinastia carolíngia – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dinastia carolíngia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Carolingian%C4%83" title="Dinastia Carolingiană – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dinastia Carolingiană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Каролинги – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каролинги" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carulinci" title="Carulinci – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Carulinci" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolinzi" title="Karolinzi – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Karolinzi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Carolingian dynasty" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolovci" title="Karolovci – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Karolovci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolingi" title="Karolingi – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Karolingi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Каролинзи – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Каролинзи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolinger" title="Karolinger – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Karolinger" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8C%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="ราชวงศ์การอแล็งเฌียง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชวงศ์การอแล็งเฌียง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolenj_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Karolenj Hanedanı – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karolenj Hanedanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Каролінги – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каролінги" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86" title="خاندان کیرولنجین – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خاندان کیرولنجین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolinglar" title="Karolinglar – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Karolinglar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_tri%E1%BB%81u_Caroling" title="Vương triều Caroling – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vương triều Caroling" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karoliengers" title="Karoliengers – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Karoliengers" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="加洛林王朝 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加洛林王朝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="加洛林王朝 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加洛林王朝" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroling_%C3%B4ng-ti%C3%A2u" title="Caroling ông-tiâu – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Caroling ông-tiâu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="加洛林王朝 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="加洛林王朝" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133602#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Karolingers" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Karolingers" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input 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id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Karolingers"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolingers&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolingers&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolingers&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Karolingers"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolingers&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolingers&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolingers&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Karolingers" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Karolingers" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolingers&oldid=2081292" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolingers&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Karolingers&id=2081292&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKarolingers"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKarolingers"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Karolingers"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Karolingers&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolingers&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carolingian_dynasty" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133602" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%; width:25em; text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="color:#000; background-color:#ccf; font-size:120%; text-align:center;" colspan="2">Karolingers </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Coa_Illustration_Cross_Carolingian.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Die "Karolingiese kruis"[1]"><img alt="Die "Karolingiese kruis"[1]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Carolingian.svg/180px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Carolingian.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Carolingian.svg/270px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Carolingian.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Carolingian.svg/360px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Carolingian.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><br /><small><div style="text-align:center">Die "Karolingiese kruis"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Land </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Heilige_Romeinse_Ryk" title="Heilige Romeinse Ryk">Heilige Romeinse Ryk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankiese_Ryk" title="Frankiese Ryk">Frankiese Ryk</a>, Koninkryk van die hele Italië, Hertogdom Beiere, Hertogdom Boheme </td></tr> <tr> <th>Eiendomme </th> <td>Paleis van Aken (setel) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Titels </th> <td>Heilige Romeinse Keiser, Koning van die Franke, Koning van die Lombarde, Koning van Italië, Koning van die Oos-Franke, Koning van Akwitanië, Koning van Boergondië, Hertog van Boheme, Hertog van Beiere, Hertog van Maine, Graaf van Vermandois, Graaf van Valois </td></tr> <tr> <th>Style </th> <td>Keiserlike Majesteit, Majesteit, Genade </td></tr> <tr> <th>Stigting </th> <td><a href="/wiki/714" title="714">714</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Stigter </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Karel_Martel" title="Karel Martel">Karel Martel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Laaste heerser </th> <td>Adelheid van Vermandois </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ontbinding </th> <td><a href="/wiki/1124" title="1124">1124</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Afsetting </th> <td>877 (Karel die Kale se dood) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Etnisiteit </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Franke" title="Franke">Franke</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lombarde" title="Lombarde">Lombarde</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Kadettakke </th> <td>Nie-agnatiese lyne: <ul><li>Robertiense dinastie</li> <li>Huis van Capet</li> <li>Bosonid-dinastie</li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Die <b>Karolingers</b> was 'n dinastie wat die <a href="/wiki/Frankiese_Ryk" title="Frankiese Ryk">Frankiese Ryk</a> van die <a href="/wiki/8ste_eeu" title="8ste eeu">8ste</a> tot die <a href="/wiki/10de_eeu" title="10de eeu">10de eeu</a> regeer het. <a href="/wiki/Pepyn_die_Korte" title="Pepyn die Korte">Pepyn die Korte</a> was die eerste Karolingiese Koning van die Frankiese Ryk nadat hy die ryk in <a href="/wiki/751" title="751">751</a> by die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merowingers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merowingers (bladsy bestaan nie)">Merowingers</a> oorgeneem het. Die laaste Karolinger was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lodewyk_V_van_Frankryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lodewyk V van Frankryk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lodewyk V van Frankryk</a> (966–87) wat deur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Capet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Capet (bladsy bestaan nie)">Hugo Capet</a>, die eerste heerser van die Huis Capet, opgevolg is. Die naam van die dinastie is afkomstig van <a href="/wiki/Karel_die_Grote" title="Karel die Grote">Karel die Grote</a>, die beroemdste van die Karolingers,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wie se naam afkomstig is van <a href="/wiki/Karel_Martel" title="Karel Martel">Karel Martel</a>, die eerste Karolinger met die naam Karel. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opkoms_van_die_Karolingers">Opkoms van die Karolingers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolingers&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Opkoms van die Karolingers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolingers&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Opkoms van die Karolingers"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Stammtafel_der_Karolinger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Stammtafel_der_Karolinger.jpg/220px-Stammtafel_der_Karolinger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Stammtafel_der_Karolinger.jpg/330px-Stammtafel_der_Karolinger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Stammtafel_der_Karolinger.jpg/440px-Stammtafel_der_Karolinger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1967" data-file-height="2925" /></a><figcaption>Karolingiese stamboom</figcaption></figure> <p>Die opkoms van die Karolingers kan teruggespoor word na twee adellike families in die oostelike deel van die Frankiese Ryk, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Austrasi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austrasië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Austrasië</a>, die nasate van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepyn_van_Laden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pepyn van Laden (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pepyn van Laden</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnulf_van_Metz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnulf van Metz (bladsy bestaan nie)">Arnulf van Metz</a>. Arnulf en Pepyn het die koning van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neustri%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neustrië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Neustrië</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlotharius_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlotharius II (bladsy bestaan nie)">Chlotharius II</a>, gehelp om Austrasië en <a href="/wiki/Boergondi%C3%AB" title="Boergondië">Boergondië</a> te verower en in <a href="/wiki/613" title="613">613</a> koning van die hele Frankiese Ryk te word. Arnulf is beloon deur die toekenning van die vakante Biskopdom van Metz terwyl Pepyn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hofmeier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hofmeier (bladsy bestaan nie)">hofmeier</a> van Austrasië geword het.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teen die laaste eeu van Merovingiese heerskappy het die koning al hoe minder werklike mag gehad en het die rol van die hofmeiers al hoe belangriker geword. In <a href="/wiki/629" title="629">629</a> het koning Chlotharius II te sterwe gekom en het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dagobert_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dagobert I (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dagobert I</a> koning van die hele Merovingiese ryk geword. In <a href="/wiki/631" title="631">631</a> is Dagobert I se seun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigibert_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigibert III (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sigibert III</a> benoem tot onderkoning van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Austrasi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austrasië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Austrasië</a>. Pepyn het in die tydperk die hofmeier amp verloor aan Adalgisl. Kort na de dood van Dagobert I (<a href="/wiki/19_Januarie" title="19 Januarie">19 Januarie</a> 638/639) is Pepyn weereens tot hofmeier benoem. Hy sterf egter nie lank daarna (in 639 of 640) nie. </p><p>Met Pepyn van Laden se dood het Otto hofmeier Austrasië geword. Sy seun, Grimoald I, sou eers in sy vader se voetspore volg nadat hy die Koning van Austrasië, Sigebert III, se lewe gered het in 'n mislukte poging om 'n rebellie gelei deur Radulf, Hertog van Thuringen, te onderdruk. Grimoald het beplan om Dagobert II af te set en sy eie familie as troonopvolgers in plek te stel deur Dagobert II na kloosters in <a href="/wiki/Ierland" title="Ierland">Ierland</a> en <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a> te verban. Die seun van Grimoald, Childebert die Aangenome is as die nuwe koning van Austrasië ingehuldigd. In 657 is Grimoald en sy seun egter deur die Neustriese koning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clovis_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clovis II (bladsy bestaan nie)">Clovis II</a> gevange geneem en veroordeel vir die verbanning van Dagobert II. Grimoald is in ongeveer 657/662 oorlede en die eerste poging om 'n Karolingiese koning daar te stel het misluk. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/680" title="680">680</a> het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepyn_van_Herstal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pepyn van Herstal (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pepyn van Herstal</a> hofmeier van die koninkryk Austrasië geword en in <a href="/wiki/687" title="687">687</a> van Neustrië en Boergondië. Pepyn van Herstal was die seun van die hofmeier Ansegisus en Begga, wat onderskeidelik die dogter van Pepyn van Landen en die seun van Arnulf van Metz was. Pepyn van Herstal is, ná 'n stryd met die wettige erfgename van die Pepinide, opgevolg deur sy buite-egtelike seun, <a href="/wiki/Karel_Martel" title="Karel Martel">Karel Martel</a>. Karel Martel het in <a href="/wiki/732" title="732">732</a> daarin geslaag om 'n <a href="/wiki/More" title="More">Moorse</a> leër tussen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tours_(Indre-et-Loire)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tours (Indre-et-Loire) (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tours</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poitiers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poitiers (bladsy bestaan nie)">Poitiers</a> te verslaan. Die Moorse leër is in hierdie <a href="/wiki/Slag_van_Poitiers" title="Slag van Poitiers">Slag van Poitiers</a> verslaan wat 'n keerpunt in die stryd teen die More in Frankryk verteenwoordig het. </p><p>Met Karel Martel se dood in <a href="/wiki/741" title="741">741</a> is die hofmeierskap van die ryk verdeel tussen sy seuns <a href="/wiki/Pepyn_die_Korte" title="Pepyn die Korte">Pepyn die Korte</a> (westelike deel van die ryk) en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karloman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karloman (bladsy bestaan nie)">Karloman</a> (oostelike deel van die ryk). In <a href="/wiki/747" title="747">747</a> het Karloman as hofmeier bedank en het Pepyn heerser van die hele Frankiese Ryk geword. <a href="/wiki/Pous_Sagarias" title="Pous Sagarias">Pous Sagarias</a> sou Merowingers die finale nekslag toedien toe hy verklaar het "dat dit wenslik sou wees dat dié wat hoogste outoriteit het as koning benoem sou word". In November <a href="/wiki/751" title="751">751</a> het die magnate van die koninkryk Pepyn as koning verkies. Pepyn het hiermee die eerste Karolingiese koning van die Franke geword en die laaste Merovingiese koning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Childeric_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Childeric III (bladsy bestaan nie)">Childeric III</a> is afgeset en saam met sy seun Theuderik V in die klooster van Saint-Bertin gevang gehou waar hy enkele jare later gesterf het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karolingiese_Huis_(751–987)"><span id="Karolingiese_Huis_.28751.E2.80.93987.29"></span>Karolingiese Huis (751–987)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolingers&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Karolingiese Huis (751–987)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolingers&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Karolingiese Huis (751–987)"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Karolingers het die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pouslike_State&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pouslike State (bladsy bestaan nie)">Pouslike State</a> laat ontstaan deurdat Pepyn die vroeëre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exarchaat_van_Ravenna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exarchaat van Ravenna (bladsy bestaan nie)">exarchaat van Ravenna</a> (gebied tussen <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a> en <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>) aan die pous geskenk het. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Karel_die_Grote" title="Karel die Grote">Karel die Grote</a> het die Karolingers nog meer aansien verskaf deur die uitbreiding van die ryk onder sy bewind en goeie bestuur waarmee hy eenheid in die ryk geskep het. </p><p>Na die verdeling van die Frankiese Ryk in die <a href="/wiki/Verdrag_van_Verdun" title="Verdrag van Verdun">Verdrag van Verdun</a> in <a href="/wiki/843" title="843">843</a> het die Karolingers aanvanklik die troon behoud: </p> <ul><li>In die weste, die latere <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a>, het die dinastie tot in 987 bly regeer toe die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huis_Capet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huis Capet (bladsy bestaan nie)">Huis Capet</a>, 'n verwante tak van die familie, die troon oorgeneem het.</li> <li>In die middel, Noord-<a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a> en in <a href="/wiki/Lotaringe" title="Lotaringe">Lotaringe</a> het die hooftak van die familie tot in <a href="/wiki/887" title="887">887</a> bly regeer.</li> <li>In die ooste, wat later die <a href="/wiki/Heilige_Romeinse_Ryk" title="Heilige Romeinse Ryk">Heilige Romeinse Ryk</a> geword het, het die Karolingers tot <a href="/wiki/911" title="911">911</a> regeer, tot hulle opgevolg is deur die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huis_van_Sakse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huis van Sakse (bladsy bestaan nie)">Huis van Sakse</a>.</li> <li>In die hertogdom Neder-Lotaringe het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karel_van_Neder-Lotaringe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karel van Neder-Lotaringe (bladsy bestaan nie)">Karel van Neder-Lotaringe</a> (953–992) en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_II_van_Neder-Lotaringe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto II van Neder-Lotaringe (bladsy bestaan nie)">Otto II van Neder-Lotaringe</a> (970–1012) tot 1012 as die laaste Karolingers regeer. In teenstelling met sy vader Karel het Otto nie die Franse koningskroon opgeëis nie.</li></ul> <table class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>NAAM</b></td> <td align="right"><b>PERIODE</b></td> <td><b>Opmerkings:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pepyn_die_Korte" title="Pepyn die Korte">Pepyn die Korte</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/751" title="751">751</a>–<a href="/wiki/768" title="768">768</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karloman_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karloman I (bladsy bestaan nie)">Karloman I</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/768" title="768">768</a>–<a href="/wiki/771" title="771">771</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karel_die_Grote" title="Karel die Grote">Karel die Grote</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/768" title="768">768</a>–<a href="/wiki/814" title="814">814</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lodewyk_die_Vrome" title="Lodewyk die Vrome">Lodewyk die Vrome</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/814" title="814">814</a>–<a href="/wiki/840" title="840">840</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karel_die_Kale" class="mw-redirect" title="Karel die Kale">Karel die Kale</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/840" title="840">840</a>–<a href="/wiki/877" title="877">877</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lodewyk_die_Stamelaar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lodewyk die Stamelaar (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lodewyk die Stamelaar</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/877" title="877">877</a>–<a href="/wiki/879" title="879">879</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lodewyk_III_van_Frankryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lodewyk III van Frankryk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lodewyk III</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/879" title="879">879</a>–<a href="/wiki/882" title="882">882</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karloman_van_Frankryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karloman van Frankryk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Karloman van Frankryk</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/882" title="882">882</a>–<a href="/wiki/884" title="884">884</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karel_die_Dikke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karel die Dikke (bladsy bestaan nie)">Karel die Dikke</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/884" title="884">884</a>–<a href="/wiki/887" title="887">887</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odo_I_van_Frankryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odo I van Frankryk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Odo I</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/887" title="887">887</a>–<a href="/wiki/898" title="898">898</a></td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robertyne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robertyne (bladsy bestaan nie)">Huis Robertyne</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karel_de_Eenvoudige&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karel de Eenvoudige (bladsy bestaan nie)">Karel de Eenvoudige</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/898" title="898">898</a>–<a href="/wiki/922" title="922">922</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_van_Bourgondi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert van Bourgondië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Robert I</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/922" title="922">922</a>–<a href="/wiki/923" title="923">923</a></td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robertijnen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robertijnen (bladsy bestaan nie)">Huis Robertyne</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_I_van_Frankryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf I van Frankryk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Rudolf I</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/923" title="923">923</a>–<a href="/wiki/936" title="936">936</a></td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robertijnen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robertijnen (bladsy bestaan nie)">Huis Robertyne</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lodewyk_IV_van_Frankryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lodewyk IV van Frankryk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lodewijk IV</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/936" title="936">936</a>–<a href="/wiki/954" title="954">954</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotharius_van_Frankryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lotharius van Frankryk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lotharius</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/954" title="954">954</a>–<a href="/wiki/986" title="986">986</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lodewyk_die_Luie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lodewyk die Luie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lodewyk die Luie</a></td> <td align="right"><a href="/wiki/986" title="986">986</a>–<a href="/wiki/987" title="987">987</a></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolingers&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolingers&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Rudolf Koch, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catholic-resources.org/Art/Koch-ChristianSymbols.htm">Christliche Symbole</a></i> (1932)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bladsy 50 in <i>La France</i> (1845) d'Édmond Robinet <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://books.google.fr/books?id=yU8vAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA50&dq=les-Carolingiens++nom+dynastie+charlemagne&lr=">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bladsy 37 in <i>Histoire du peuple suisse par le texte et par l'image</i> van Paul-Otto Bessire (1940)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bladsy 65 in <i>Les maisons royales et souveraines d'Europe</i> van Roland Mousnier (1989)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Carolingians deur Pierre Riché vertaal deur Michael I. Allen, bl. 13–15</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolingers&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolingers&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons logo"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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