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id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Farad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="فاراد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فاراد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faradiu" title="Faradiu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Faradiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A1" title="फैरड – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="फैरड" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad_(%C3%B6l%C3%A7%C3%BC_vahidi)" title="Farad (ölçü vahidi) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Farad (ölçü vahidi)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1" title="ফ্যারাড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্যারাড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Фарад – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фарад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Фарад – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фарад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Фарад – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фарад" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%A5%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧྥ་རད། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧྥ་རད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Фарад – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Фарад" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffarad" title="Ffarad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffarad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84_(%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82)" title="Φαράντ (μονάδα μέτρησης) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φαράντ (μονάδα μέτρησης)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faradio" title="Faradio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Faradio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farado_(mezurunuo)" title="Farado (mezurunuo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Farado (mezurunuo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="فاراد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فاراد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%A8%EB%9F%BF" title="패럿 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="패럿" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4" title="Ֆարադ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆարադ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A1" title="फैरड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फैरड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%93" title="פאראד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פאראד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="ფარადა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფარადა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Фарада – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фарада" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farads" title="Farads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Farads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faradas" title="Faradas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Faradas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Фарад – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фарад" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഫാരഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫാരഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Фарад – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Фарад" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad_(eenheid)" title="Farad (eenheid) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Farad (eenheid)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%A9%E3%83%89" title="ファラド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ファラド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%88" title="فیراڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فیراڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="فاراد – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فاراد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Фарад – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Фарад" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Фарад – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фарад" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Фарад – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фарад" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faradi" title="Faradi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Faradi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="பாரடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாரடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Фарад – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фарад" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94" title="ฟารัด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟารัด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F)" title="Фарад (одиниця вимірювання) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фарад (одиниця вимірювання)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88" title="فیریڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فیریڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad" title="Farad – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Farad" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89" title="法拉 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法拉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89" title="法拉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法拉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">SI unit of electric capacitance</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Farad_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Farad (disambiguation)">Farad (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-unit"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">farad</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OneFarad5.5Velectrolyticcapacitor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/OneFarad5.5Velectrolyticcapacitor.jpg/330px-OneFarad5.5Velectrolyticcapacitor.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/OneFarad5.5Velectrolyticcapacitor.jpg/500px-OneFarad5.5Velectrolyticcapacitor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/OneFarad5.5Velectrolyticcapacitor.jpg/600px-OneFarad5.5Velectrolyticcapacitor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="711" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A 1-farad <a href="/wiki/Supercapacitor" title="Supercapacitor">supercapacitor</a>. The scale behind is in inches (top) and centimetres (bottom).</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/System_of_units_of_measurement" title="System of units of measurement">Unit system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Capacitance" title="Capacitance">capacitance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">F</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Named after</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Conversions </th></tr><tr class="nowrap"><td>1 F <i>in ...</i></td><td><i>... is equal to ...</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/SI_base_unit" title="SI base unit">SI base units</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kg</a><sup>−1</sup>⋅<a href="/wiki/Meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Meter">m</a><sup>−2</sup>⋅<a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">s</a><sup>4</sup>⋅<a href="/wiki/Ampere" title="Ampere">A</a><sup>2</sup></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p>The <b>farad</b> (symbol: <b>F</b>) is the unit of electrical <a href="/wiki/Capacitance" title="Capacitance">capacitance</a>, the ability of a body to store an <a href="/wiki/Electrical_charge" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical charge">electrical charge</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units (SI)</a>, equivalent to 1 <a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">coulomb</a> per <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a> (C/V).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is named after the English physicist <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> (1791–1867). In <a href="/wiki/SI_base_units" class="mw-redirect" title="SI base units">SI base units</a> 1 F = 1 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kg</a><sup>−1</sup>⋅<a href="/wiki/Meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Meter">m</a><sup>−2</sup>⋅<a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">s</a><sup>4</sup>⋅<a href="/wiki/Ampere" title="Ampere">A</a><sup>2</sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Capacitance" title="Capacitance">capacitance</a> of a capacitor is one farad when one <a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">coulomb</a> of charge changes the potential between the plates by one <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Equally, one farad can be described as the capacitance which stores a one-coulomb charge across a potential difference of one volt.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The relationship between capacitance, charge, and potential difference is linear. For example, if the potential difference across a <a href="/wiki/Capacitor" title="Capacitor">capacitor</a> is halved, the quantity of charge stored by that capacitor will also be halved. </p><p>For most applications, the farad is an impractically large unit of capacitance. Most electrical and electronic applications are covered by the following <a href="/wiki/SI_prefix" class="mw-redirect" title="SI prefix">SI prefixes</a>: </p> <ul><li>1 mF (millifarad, one thousandth (10<sup>−3</sup>) of a farad) = 0.001 F = <span style="white-space:nowrap">1<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span> μF = <span style="white-space:nowrap">1<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span> pF</li> <li>1 μF (microfarad, one millionth (10<sup>−6</sup>) of a farad) = 0.000 001 F = <span style="white-space:nowrap">1<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span> nF = <span style="white-space:nowrap">1<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span> pF</li> <li>1 nF (nanofarad, one billionth (10<sup>−9</sup>) of a farad) = 0.000 000 001 F = 0.001 μF = <span style="white-space:nowrap">1<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span> pF</li> <li>1 pF (picofarad, one trillionth (10<sup>−12</sup>) of a farad) = 0.000 000 000 001 F = 0.001 nF</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Equalities">Equalities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Equalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A farad is a <a href="/wiki/SI_derived_unit" title="SI derived unit">derived unit</a> based on four of the seven base units of the <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kilogram</a> (kg), <a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">metre</a> (m), <a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">second</a> (s), and <a href="/wiki/Ampere" title="Ampere">ampere</a> (A). </p><p>Expressed in combinations of SI units, the farad is: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\text{F}}={\dfrac {{\text{s}}^{4}{\cdot }{\text{A}}^{2}}{{\text{m}}^{2}{\cdot }{\text{kg}}}}={\dfrac {{\text{s}}^{2}{\cdot }{\text{C}}^{2}}{{\text{m}}^{2}{\cdot }{\text{kg}}}}={\dfrac {\text{C}}{\text{V}}}={\dfrac {{\text{A}}{\cdot }{\text{s}}}{\text{V}}}={\dfrac {{\text{W}}{\cdot }{\text{s}}}{{\text{V}}^{2}}}={\dfrac {\text{J}}{{\text{V}}^{2}}}={\dfrac {{\text{N}}{\cdot }{\text{m}}}{{\text{V}}^{2}}}={\dfrac {{\text{C}}^{2}}{\text{J}}}={\dfrac {{\text{C}}^{2}}{{\text{N}}{\cdot }{\text{m}}}}={\dfrac {\text{s}}{\Omega }}={\dfrac {1}{\Omega {\cdot }{\text{Hz}}}}={\dfrac {\text{S}}{\text{Hz}}}={\dfrac {{\text{s}}^{2}}{\text{H}}},}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>F</mtext> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>s</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋅</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>A</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>m</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋅</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>kg</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>s</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋅</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>C</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>m</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋅</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>kg</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mtext>C</mtext> <mtext>V</mtext> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>A</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋅</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>s</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext>V</mtext> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>W</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋅</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>s</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>V</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mtext>J</mtext> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>V</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>N</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋅</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>m</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>V</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>C</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mtext>J</mtext> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>C</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>N</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋅</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>m</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mtext>s</mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>⋅</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Hz</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mtext>S</mtext> <mtext>Hz</mtext> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>s</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mtext>H</mtext> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\text{F}}={\dfrac {{\text{s}}^{4}{\cdot }{\text{A}}^{2}}{{\text{m}}^{2}{\cdot }{\text{kg}}}}={\dfrac {{\text{s}}^{2}{\cdot }{\text{C}}^{2}}{{\text{m}}^{2}{\cdot }{\text{kg}}}}={\dfrac {\text{C}}{\text{V}}}={\dfrac {{\text{A}}{\cdot }{\text{s}}}{\text{V}}}={\dfrac {{\text{W}}{\cdot }{\text{s}}}{{\text{V}}^{2}}}={\dfrac {\text{J}}{{\text{V}}^{2}}}={\dfrac {{\text{N}}{\cdot }{\text{m}}}{{\text{V}}^{2}}}={\dfrac {{\text{C}}^{2}}{\text{J}}}={\dfrac {{\text{C}}^{2}}{{\text{N}}{\cdot }{\text{m}}}}={\dfrac {\text{s}}{\Omega }}={\dfrac {1}{\Omega {\cdot }{\text{Hz}}}}={\dfrac {\text{S}}{\text{Hz}}}={\dfrac {{\text{s}}^{2}}{\text{H}}},}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b5af21cec70d0ad73bf937d0090eff90aa90ce8a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:100.075ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\text{F}}={\dfrac {{\text{s}}^{4}{\cdot }{\text{A}}^{2}}{{\text{m}}^{2}{\cdot }{\text{kg}}}}={\dfrac {{\text{s}}^{2}{\cdot }{\text{C}}^{2}}{{\text{m}}^{2}{\cdot }{\text{kg}}}}={\dfrac {\text{C}}{\text{V}}}={\dfrac {{\text{A}}{\cdot }{\text{s}}}{\text{V}}}={\dfrac {{\text{W}}{\cdot }{\text{s}}}{{\text{V}}^{2}}}={\dfrac {\text{J}}{{\text{V}}^{2}}}={\dfrac {{\text{N}}{\cdot }{\text{m}}}{{\text{V}}^{2}}}={\dfrac {{\text{C}}^{2}}{\text{J}}}={\dfrac {{\text{C}}^{2}}{{\text{N}}{\cdot }{\text{m}}}}={\dfrac {\text{s}}{\Omega }}={\dfrac {1}{\Omega {\cdot }{\text{Hz}}}}={\dfrac {\text{S}}{\text{Hz}}}={\dfrac {{\text{s}}^{2}}{\text{H}}},}" /></span> </p><p>where <span class="nowrap">F = farad</span>, <span class="nowrap">s = <a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">second</a></span>, <span class="nowrap">C = <a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">coulomb</a></span>, <span class="nowrap">V = <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a></span>, <span class="nowrap">W = <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watt</a></span>, <span class="nowrap">J = <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">joule</a></span>, <span class="nowrap">N = <a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">newton</a></span>, <span class="nowrap">Ω = <a href="/wiki/Ohm" title="Ohm">ohm</a></span>, Hz = <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">hertz</a>, <span class="nowrap">S = <a href="/wiki/Siemens_(unit)" title="Siemens (unit)">siemens</a></span>, <span class="nowrap">H = <a href="/wiki/Henry_(unit)" title="Henry (unit)">henry</a></span>, <span class="nowrap">A = <a href="/wiki/Ampere_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ampere (unit)">ampere</a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "farad" was originally coined by <a href="/wiki/Latimer_Clark" class="mw-redirect" title="Latimer Clark">Latimer Clark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Tilston_Bright" title="Charles Tilston Bright">Charles Bright</a> in 1861,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in honor of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a>, for a unit of quantity of charge, and by 1873, the farad had become a unit of capacitance.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1881, at the International Congress of Electricians in Paris, the name farad was officially used for the unit of electrical capacitance.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanation">Explanation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farad&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Explanation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capacitors_Various.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Capacitors_Various.jpg/220px-Capacitors_Various.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Capacitors_Various.jpg/330px-Capacitors_Various.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Capacitors_Various.jpg/440px-Capacitors_Various.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1456" /></a><figcaption>Examples of different types of capacitors</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Capacitor" title="Capacitor">capacitor</a> generally consists of two conducting surfaces, frequently referred to as plates, separated by an insulating layer usually referred to as a <a href="/wiki/Dielectric" title="Dielectric">dielectric</a>. The original capacitor was the <a href="/wiki/Leyden_jar" title="Leyden jar">Leyden jar</a> developed in the 18th century. It is the accumulation of electric charge on the plates that results in <a href="/wiki/Capacitance" title="Capacitance">capacitance</a>. Modern capacitors are constructed using a range of manufacturing techniques and materials to provide the extraordinarily wide range of capacitance values used in <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a> applications from femtofarads to farads, with maximum-voltage ratings ranging from a few <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volts</a> to several kilovolts. </p><p>Values of capacitors are usually specified in terms of <a href="/wiki/SI_prefix#List_of_SI_prefixes" class="mw-redirect" title="SI prefix">SI prefixes</a> of farads (F), <b>microfarads</b> (<b>μF</b>), <b>nanofarads</b> (<b>nF</b>) and <b>picofarads</b> (<b>pF</b>).<sup id="cite_ref-Braga_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braga-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <b>millifarad</b> (<b>mF</b>) is rarely used in practice; a capacitance of 4.7 mF (0.0047 F), for example, is instead written as <span style="white-space:nowrap">4<span style="margin-left:0.25em">700</span> μF</span>. The <b>nanofarad</b> (<b>nF</b>) is used more often in Europe than in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The size of commercially available capacitors ranges from around 0.1 pF to <span style="white-space:nowrap">5<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">F</span></span> (5 kF) <a href="/wiki/Supercapacitor" title="Supercapacitor">supercapacitors</a>. <a href="/wiki/Parasitic_capacitance" title="Parasitic capacitance">Parasitic capacitance</a> in high-performance <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuits</a> can be measured in femtofarads (1 fF = 0.001 pF = 10<sup><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="2998850000000000000♠"></span>−15</span></sup> F), while high-performance test equipment can detect changes in capacitance on the order of tens of attofarads (1 aF = 10<sup>−18</sup> F).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A value of 0.1 pF is about the smallest available in capacitors for general use in electronic design, since smaller ones would be dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Parasitic_capacitance" title="Parasitic capacitance">parasitic capacitances</a> of other components, wiring or <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">printed circuit boards</a>. Capacitance values of 1 pF or lower can be achieved by twisting two short lengths of insulated wire together.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The capacitance of the Earth's <a href="/wiki/Ionosphere" title="Ionosphere">ionosphere</a> with respect to the ground is calculated to be about 1 F.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Informal_and_deprecated_terminology">Informal and deprecated terminology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farad&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Informal and deprecated terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The picofarad (pF) is sometimes colloquially pronounced as "puff" or "pic", as in "a ten-puff capacitor".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, "mic" (pronounced "mike") is sometimes used informally to signify microfarads. </p><p>Nonstandard abbreviations were and are often used. Farad has been abbreviated "f", "fd", and "Fd". For the prefix "micro-", when <a href="/wiki/Mu_(letter)" title="Mu (letter)">the Greek small letter "μ"</a> or the legacy micro sign "μ" is not available (as on typewriters) or inconvenient to enter, it is often substituted with the similar-appearing "u" or "U", with little risk of confusion. It was also substituted with the similar-sounding "M" or "m", which can be confusing because M officially stands for 1,000,000, and m preferably stands for 1/1000. In texts prior to 1960, and on capacitor packages until more recently, "microfarad(s)" was abbreviated "mf" or "MFD" rather than the modern "μF". A 1940 <a href="/wiki/Radio_Shack" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Shack">Radio Shack</a> catalog listed every capacitor's rating in "Mfd.", from 0.000005 Mfd. (5 pF) to 50 Mfd. (50 μF).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Micromicrofarad" or "micro-microfarad" is an obsolete unit found in some older texts and labels, contains a nonstandard <a href="/wiki/Metric_double_prefix" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric double prefix">metric double prefix</a>. It is exactly equivalent to a picofarad (pF). It is abbreviated μμF, uuF, or (confusingly) "mmf", "MMF", or "MMFD". </p><p>Summary of obsolete or deprecated capacitance units or abbreviations: (upper/lower case variations are not shown) </p> <ul><li>μF (microfarad) = mf, mfd, uf</li> <li>pF (picofarad) = mmf, mmfd, pfd, μμF</li></ul> <p><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+3332</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㌲</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">SQUARE HUARADDO</span> is a square version of <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ファラッド</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">faraddo</i></span>, the Japanese word for "farad") intended for Japanese <a href="/wiki/Vertical_text" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertical text">vertical text</a>. It is included in Unicode for <a href="/wiki/CJK_Compatibility" title="CJK Compatibility">compatibility with earlier character sets</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_concepts">Related concepts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farad&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Related concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reciprocal of capacitance is called <a href="/wiki/Elastance" title="Elastance">electrical elastance</a>, the (non-standard, non-SI) unit of which is the <a href="/wiki/Daraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Daraf">daraf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="CGS_units">CGS units</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farad&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: CGS units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>abfarad</b> (abbreviated abF) is an obsolete <a href="/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units#Electromagnetic_units_in_various_CGS_systems" title="Centimetre–gram–second system of units">CGS unit of capacitance</a>, which corresponds to 10<sup><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000900000000000000♠"></span>9</span></sup> farads (1 gigafarad, GF).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b>statfarad</b> (abbreviated statF) is a rarely used CGS unit equivalent to the capacitance of a capacitor with a charge of 1 <a href="/wiki/Statcoulomb" title="Statcoulomb">statcoulomb</a> across a potential difference of 1 <a href="/wiki/Statvolt" title="Statvolt">statvolt</a>. It is 1/(10<sup>−5</sup> <i>c</i><sup>2</sup>) farad, approximately 1.1126 picofarads. More commonly, the centimeter (cm) is used, which is equal to the statfarad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farad&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/"><i>The International System of Units (SI)</i></a> (8th ed.). Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Committee for Weights and Measures). 2006. p. 144.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+System+of+Units+%28SI%29&rft.pages=144&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Bureau+International+des+Poids+et+Mesures+%28International+Committee+for+Weights+and+Measures%29&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Fsi-brochure%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFarad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/farad">"farad | Definition, Symbol, & Facts | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=farad+%7C+Definition%2C+Symbol%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Ffarad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFarad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeter_M_B_Walker1995" class="citation book cs1">Peter M B Walker, ed. (1995). <i>Dictionary of Science and Technology</i>. Larousse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0752300105" title="Special:BookSources/0752300105"><bdi>0752300105</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Science+and+Technology&rft.pub=Larousse&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0752300105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFarad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/41483022/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf/2d2b50bf-f2b4-9661-f402-5f9d66e4b507"><i>The International System of Units (SI)</i></a> (9th ed.). Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. 2019. p. 138.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+System+of+Units+%28SI%29&rft.pages=138&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Bureau+International+des+Poids+et+Mesures&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Fdocuments%2F20126%2F41483022%2FSI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf%2F2d2b50bf-f2b4-9661-f402-5f9d66e4b507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFarad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> As names for units of various electrical quantities, Bright and Clark suggested "ohma" for voltage, "farad" for charge, "galvat" for current, and "volt" for resistance. See: <ul><li>Latimer Clark and Sir Charles Bright (1861) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/93052#page/483/mode/1up">"On the formation of standards of electrical quantity and resistance,"</a> <i>Report of the Thirty-first Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science</i> (Manchester, England: September 1861), section: Mathematics and Physics, pp. 37-38.</li> <li>Latimer Clark and Sir Charles Bright (November 9, 1861) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433090837166;view=1up;seq=15">"Measurement of electrical quantities and resistance,"</a> <i>The Electrician</i>, <b>1</b> (1): 3–4.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sir W. Thomson, etc. (1873) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29853513#page/324/mode/1up">"First report of the Committee for the Selection and Nomenclature of Dynamical and Electrical Units,"</a> <i>Report of the 43rd Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science</i> (Bradford, September 1873), pp. 222-225. From p. 223: "The "ohm," as represented by the original standard coil, is approximately 10<sup>9</sup> C.G.S. units of resistance: the "volt" is approximately 10<sup>8</sup> C.G.S. units of electromotive force: and the "farad" is approximately 1/10<sup>9</sup> of the C.G.S. unit of capacity."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Anon.) (September 24, 1881) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433090837489;view=1up;seq=309">"The Electrical Congress,"</a> <i>The Electrician</i>, <b>7</b>: 297. From p. 297: "7. The name farad will be given to the capacity defined by the condition that a coulomb in a farad gives a volt."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTunbridge1992" class="citation book cs1">Tunbridge, Paul (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bZUK624LZBMC"><i>Lord Kelvin: his influence on electrical measurements and units</i></a>. London: Peregrinus. pp. 26, <span class="nowrap">39–</span>40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780863412370" title="Special:BookSources/9780863412370"><bdi>9780863412370</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lord+Kelvin%3A+his+influence+on+electrical+measurements+and+units&rft.place=London&rft.pages=26%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E39-%3C%2Fspan%3E40&rft.pub=Peregrinus&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780863412370&rft.aulast=Tunbridge&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbZUK624LZBMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFarad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Braga-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Braga_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBraga2002" class="citation book cs1">Braga, Newton C. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yqb-f-HKem0C&q=microfarad+common+measurement&pg=PA21"><i>Robotics, Mechatronics, and Artificial Intelligence</i></a>. Newnes. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7506-7389-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7506-7389-3"><bdi>0-7506-7389-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-17</span></span>. <q>Common measurement units are the microfarad (μF), representing 0.000,001 F; the nanofarad (nF), representing 0.000,000,001 F; and the picofarad (pF), representing 0.000,000,000,001 F.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robotics%2C+Mechatronics%2C+and+Artificial+Intelligence&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Newnes&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7506-7389-3&rft.aulast=Braga&rft.aufirst=Newton+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyqb-f-HKem0C%26q%3Dmicrofarad%2Bcommon%2Bmeasurement%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFarad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPlatt2009" class="citation book cs1">Platt, Charles (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PQzYdC3BtQkC&q=nanofarad&pg=PA61"><i>Make: Electronics: Learning Through Discovery</i></a>. O'Reilly Media. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781449388799" title="Special:BookSources/9781449388799"><bdi>9781449388799</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-22</span></span>. <q>Nanofarads are also used, more often in Europe than in the United States.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Make%3A+Electronics%3A+Learning+Through+Discovery&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781449388799&rft.aulast=Platt&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPQzYdC3BtQkC%26q%3Dnanofarad%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFarad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGregorian1976" class="citation book cs1">Gregorian, Roubik (1976). <i>Analog MOS Integrated Circuits for Signal Processing</i>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Analog+MOS+Integrated+Circuits+for+Signal+Processing&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Gregorian&rft.aufirst=Roubik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFarad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPease1993" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Pease" title="Bob Pease">Pease, Bob</a> (2 September 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.electronicdesign.com/test-amp-measurement/whats-all-femtoampere-stuff-anyhow">"What's All This Femtoampere Stuff, Anyhow?"</a>. Electronic Design<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%27s+All+This+Femtoampere+Stuff%2C+Anyhow%3F&rft.pub=Electronic+Design&rft.date=1993-09-02&rft.aulast=Pease&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.electronicdesign.com%2Ftest-amp-measurement%2Fwhats-all-femtoampere-stuff-anyhow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFarad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPease2006" class="citation web cs1">Pease, Bob (1 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.electronicdesign.com/analog/whats-all-best-stuff-anyhow">"What's All This Best Stuff, Anyhow?"</a>. Electronic Design<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%27s+All+This+Best+Stuff%2C+Anyhow%3F&rft.pub=Electronic+Design&rft.date=2006-12-01&rft.aulast=Pease&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.electronicdesign.com%2Fanalog%2Fwhats-all-best-stuff-anyhow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFarad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1999" class="citation web cs1">Williams, L. L. (January 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221015744/http://konfluence.org/efield.pdf">"Electrical Properties of the Fair-Weather Atmosphere and the Possibility of Observable Discharge on Moving Objects"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://konfluence.org/efield.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-12-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electrical+Properties+of+the+Fair-Weather+Atmosphere+and+the+Possibility+of+Observable+Discharge+on+Moving+Objects&rft.date=1999-01&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=L.+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkonfluence.org%2Fefield.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFarad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Puff.html">"Puff"</a>. Wolfram Research<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Puff&rft.pub=Wolfram+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscienceworld.wolfram.com%2Fphysics%2FPuff.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFarad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170711160428/http://www.radioshackcatalogs.com/html/1940/hr054.html">"1940 Radio Shack Catalog - Page 54 - Condensers"</a>. <i>radioshackcatalogs.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radioshackcatalogs.com/html/1940/hr054.html">the original</a> on 11 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=radioshackcatalogs.com&rft.atitle=1940+Radio+Shack+Catalog+-+Page+54+-+Condensers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radioshackcatalogs.com%2Fhtml%2F1940%2Fhr054.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFarad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111004054525/http://www.websters-dictionary-online.com/definitions/daraf">"Daraf"</a>. Webster's Online Dictionary. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.websters-dictionary-online.com/definitions/daraf">the original</a> on 2011-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daraf&rft.pub=Webster%27s+Online+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.websters-dictionary-online.com%2Fdefinitions%2Fdaraf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFarad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGraf1999" class="citation book cs1">Graf, Rudolf F. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AYEKAQAAQBAJ"><i>Modern Dictionary of Electronics</i></a>. Newnes. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780080511986" title="Special:BookSources/9780080511986"><bdi>9780080511986</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Dictionary+of+Electronics&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Newnes&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780080511986&rft.aulast=Graf&rft.aufirst=Rudolf+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAYEKAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFarad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farad&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.translatorscafe.com/unit-converter/electrostatic-capacitance/">Farad unit conversion tool</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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href="/wiki/SI_base_unit" title="SI base unit">Base units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ampere" title="Ampere">ampere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candela" title="Candela">candela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kilogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">metre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_(unit)" title="Mole (unit)">mole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">second</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SI_derived_unit" title="SI derived unit">Derived units <br />with special names</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">becquerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">coulomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">degree Celsius</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">farad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_(unit)" title="Gray (unit)">gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_(unit)" title="Henry (unit)">henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">hertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">joule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katal" title="Katal">katal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumen_(unit)" title="Lumen (unit)">lumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lux" title="Lux">lux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohm" title="Ohm">ohm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radian" title="Radian">radian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_(unit)" title="Siemens (unit)">siemens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sievert" title="Sievert">sievert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steradian" title="Steradian">steradian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_(unit)" title="Tesla (unit)">tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weber_(unit)" title="Weber (unit)">weber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-SI_units_mentioned_in_the_SI" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-SI units mentioned in the SI">Other accepted units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">astronomical unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalton_(unit)" title="Dalton (unit)">dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decibel" title="Decibel">decibel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">degree of arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt">electronvolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hour" title="Hour">hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litre" title="Litre">litre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute" title="Minute">minute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute_and_second_of_arc" title="Minute and second of arc">minute and second of arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper" title="Neper">neper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_units" title="Conversion of units">Conversion of units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_prefix" title="Metric prefix">Metric prefixes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_definitions_of_the_SI_base_units" title="Historical definitions of the SI base units">Historical definitions of the SI base units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_revision_of_the_SI" title="2019 revision of the SI">2019 revision of the SI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_of_units_of_measurement" title="System of units of measurement">System of units of measurement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:SI_units" title="Category:SI units">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Michael_Faraday150" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Michael_Faraday" title="Template:Michael Faraday"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Michael_Faraday" title="Template talk:Michael Faraday"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Michael_Faraday" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Michael Faraday"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Michael_Faraday150" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faraday%27s_law_of_induction" title="Faraday's law of induction">Faraday's law of induction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_effect" title="Faraday effect">Faraday effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_cage" title="Faraday cage">Faraday cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_constant" title="Faraday constant">Faraday constant</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Farad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_cup" title="Faraday cup">Faraday cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday%27s_laws_of_electrolysis" title="Faraday's laws of electrolysis">Faraday's laws of electrolysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_paradox" title="Faraday paradox">Faraday paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_rotator" title="Faraday rotator">Faraday rotator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday-efficiency_effect" title="Faraday-efficiency effect">Faraday-efficiency effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_wave" title="Faraday wave">Faraday wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday%27s_ice_pail_experiment" title="Faraday's ice pail experiment">Faraday's ice pail experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_efficiency" title="Faraday efficiency">Faraday efficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrochemistry" title="Electrochemistry">Electrochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homopolar_generator#The_Faraday_disc" title="Homopolar generator">Faraday disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_force" title="Line of force">Line of force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lectures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_Christmas_Lectures" title="Royal Institution Christmas Lectures">Royal Institution Christmas Lectures</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chemical_History_of_a_Candle" title="The Chemical History of a Candle">The Chemical History of a Candle</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday_Memorial" title="Michael Faraday Memorial">Michael Faraday Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_Building" title="Faraday Building">Faraday Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_Building_(Manchester)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faraday Building (Manchester)">Faraday Building (Manchester)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_(crater)" title="Faraday (crater)">Faraday (crater)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_Future" title="Faraday Future">Faraday Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IET_Faraday_Medal" title="IET Faraday Medal">IET Faraday Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_London_Michael_Faraday_Prize" title="Royal Society of London Michael Faraday Prize">Royal Society of London Michael Faraday Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Physics_Michael_Faraday_Medal_and_Prize" title="Institute of Physics Michael Faraday Medal and Prize">Institute of Physics Michael Faraday Medal and Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_Medal_(electrochemistry)" title="Faraday Medal (electrochemistry)">Faraday Medal (electrochemistry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_Lectureship_Prize" title="Faraday Lectureship Prize">Faraday Lectureship Prize</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Michael_Faraday" title="Category:Michael Faraday">Category:Michael Faraday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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