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Goddard Award - Honor Award of Merit",description:"Citation: For exceptional dedication to outreach, technological innovation and scientific investigation throughout his NASA career.",url:a,image:a,honor_text:a,honoree_format:g,body_url:a,body_url_text:a,other_url:a,other_url_text:a,recipient_urls:[],recipients:{scoped:[],all:[{recipient_name:"Matthew A Greenhouse",phonebook_id:11654,first_name:dj,middle_name:av,last_name:"Greenhouse",sl_suffix:a,org_code:ao,isTeam:g}]}},{day:c,month:y,year:k,id:1119,sort:J,date:J,title:"Robert H. 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Goddard Award - Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Accessibility (DEIA)",description:"660\u002FThe Cosmic Origins Science Team - Citation: For outstanding contributions to NASA Goddard’s diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility goals and principles, both within NASA and the science community.",url:a,image:a,honor_text:a,honoree_format:g,body_url:a,body_url_text:a,other_url:a,other_url_text:a,recipient_urls:[],recipients:{scoped:[],all:[{recipient_name:"Peter L Kurczynski",phonebook_id:100581,first_name:dk,middle_name:bR,last_name:"Kurczynski",sl_suffix:b,org_code:G,isTeam:g},{recipient_name:"Swara Ravindranath",phonebook_id:58388,first_name:"Swara",middle_name:b,last_name:"Ravindranath",sl_suffix:b,org_code:ao,isTeam:g},{recipient_name:"Ronald S Gamble",phonebook_id:106362,first_name:"Ronald",middle_name:bP,last_name:"Gamble",sl_suffix:b,org_code:G,isTeam:g}]}},{day:c,month:y,year:k,id:1126,sort:J,date:J,title:ia,description:"660\u002FGSFC Athena Project Team - Citation: For outstanding effort in developing a cost-effective plan for a NASA-provided cryocooler for Athena and thereby saving the mission",url:a,image:a,honor_text:a,honoree_format:g,body_url:a,body_url_text:a,other_url:a,other_url_text:a,recipient_urls:[],recipients:{scoped:[],all:[{recipient_name:ib,phonebook_id:ic,first_name:au,middle_name:b,last_name:id,sl_suffix:a,org_code:G,isTeam:g},{recipient_name:"Simon Richard Bandler",phonebook_id:14457,first_name:dl,middle_name:cq,last_name:"Bandler",sl_suffix:a,org_code:aB,isTeam:g},{recipient_name:"Andrew Francis Ptak",phonebook_id:400,first_name:N,middle_name:"Francis",last_name:"Ptak",sl_suffix:a,org_code:aB,isTeam:g},{recipient_name:"Kristin C Madsen",phonebook_id:99634,first_name:"Kristin",middle_name:aq,last_name:"Madsen",sl_suffix:a,org_code:aB,isTeam:g},{recipient_name:"Richard L Kelley",phonebook_id:15037,first_name:cq,middle_name:bR,last_name:"Kelley",sl_suffix:a,org_code:G,isTeam:g}]}},{day:c,month:y,year:k,id:1128,sort:J,date:J,title:eb,description:"Citation: For exceptional work in identifying the best exoplanet targets for NASA's newest flagship observatory, the James Webb Space Telescope",url:a,image:a,honor_text:a,honoree_format:g,body_url:a,body_url_text:a,other_url:a,other_url_text:a,recipient_urls:[],recipients:{scoped:[],all:[{recipient_name:"Ben Hord",phonebook_id:92915,first_name:"Ben",middle_name:b,last_name:"Hord",sl_suffix:b,org_code:ap,isTeam:g}]}},{day:W,month:B,year:k,id:1138,sort:if0,date:if0,title:"Arthur S. 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",url:a,image:a,honor_text:a,honoree_format:g,body_url:a,body_url_text:a,other_url:a,other_url_text:a,recipient_urls:[],recipients:{scoped:[],all:[{recipient_name:ig,phonebook_id:ih,first_name:dm,middle_name:aq,last_name:ii,sl_suffix:b,org_code:f,isTeam:g}]}},{day:B,month:B,year:k,id:1099,sort:ij,date:ij,title:"GISS Best Publication Award",description:"The article \"Atmospheric response to a collapse of the North Atlantic circulation under a mid-range future climate scenario: A regime shift in Northern Hemisphere dynamics\" by Clara Orbe et al.. was voted the best research publication by the science staff of Goddard Institute for Space Studies to have been published in 2023. The paper appeared in the Journal of Climate.",url:ik,image:"\u002Fimages\u002Faward_thumbs\u002FAwardID_1099.png",honor_text:a,honoree_format:g,body_url:ik,body_url_text:"GISS Best Publications Award",other_url:a,other_url_text:a,recipient_urls:[],recipients:{scoped:[],all:[{recipient_name:"Clara Orbe",phonebook_id:31315,first_name:"Clara",middle_name:b,last_name:"Orbe",sl_suffix:b,org_code:dd,isTeam:g}]}},{day:x,month:B,year:k,id:1098,sort:il,date:il,title:"Presidential Medal of Freedom",description:"Jane Rigby, an astronomer who grew up in Delaware, is the chief scientist of the world’s most powerful telescope. A prolific researcher, Dr. Rigby embodies the American spirit of adventure and wonder.",url:a,image:a,honor_text:a,honoree_format:g,body_url:a,body_url_text:a,other_url:a,other_url_text:a,recipient_urls:[],recipients:{scoped:[],all:[{recipient_name:"Jane R Rigby",phonebook_id:im,first_name:ee,middle_name:cr,last_name:ef,sl_suffix:b,org_code:G,isTeam:g}]}},{day:y,month:m,year:k,id:1097,sort:in0,date:in0,title:"Esmond B. Martin Royal Geographical Society (RGS) Prize",description:"The prize recognizes “outstanding achievement by an individual in the pursuit and\u002For application of geographical research, with a particular emphasis on wildlife conservation and environmental research studies.”",url:io,image:a,honor_text:a,honoree_format:g,body_url:io,body_url_text:"Esmond B. Martin Royal Geographical Society Prize",other_url:a,other_url_text:a,recipient_urls:[],recipients:{scoped:[],all:[{recipient_name:"Lola E. Fatoyinbo",phonebook_id:22867,first_name:ip,middle_name:"E. ",last_name:iq,sl_suffix:b,org_code:f,isTeam:g}]}},{day:a,month:u,year:k,id:1100,sort:ir,date:ir,title:"Advances in Atmospheric Sciences (AAS)Editor Award - ",description:a,url:a,image:a,honor_text:a,honoree_format:g,body_url:a,body_url_text:a,other_url:a,other_url_text:a,recipient_urls:[],recipients:{scoped:[],all:[{recipient_name:"Yaping Zhou",phonebook_id:17210,first_name:"Yaping",middle_name:b,last_name:is,sl_suffix:b,org_code:Z,isTeam:g}]}},{day:ab,month:c,year:k,id:1083,sort:it,date:it,title:"HEAD Innovation Prize",description:"Tim Kallman and Javier Garcia (662) have been awarded the 2024’s AAD HEAD Innovation Prize! They share the award with Thomas Dauser “for the development of novel models to describe emission in the strong gravity regime from accreting compact objects.”",url:iu,image:a,honor_text:a,honoree_format:g,body_url:iu,body_url_text:"The HEAD Innovation Prize",other_url:a,other_url_text:a,recipient_urls:[],recipients:{scoped:[],all:[{recipient_name:"Timothy R Kallman",phonebook_id:5745,first_name:cs,middle_name:cr,last_name:"Kallman",sl_suffix:a,org_code:aB,isTeam:g},{recipient_name:"Javier A Garcia",phonebook_id:17217,first_name:"Javier",middle_name:av,last_name:"Garcia",sl_suffix:b,org_code:aB,isTeam:g}]}},{day:m,month:c,year:k,id:1082,sort:iv,date:iv,title:"NIAC (NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts) Award",description:"Awarded to perform a study for an optical-UV interferometry on the Moon, \"A Lunar Long-Baseline Optical Imaging Interferometer: Artemis-enabled Stellar Imager (AeSI)\"",url:iw,image:a,honor_text:a,honoree_format:g,body_url:iw,body_url_text:"NIAC 2024 Selections",other_url:a,other_url_text:a,recipient_urls:[],recipients:{scoped:[],all:[{recipient_name:"Kenneth G Carpenter",phonebook_id:eg,first_name:bS,middle_name:dn,last_name:eh,sl_suffix:a,org_code:ap,isTeam:g}]}},{day:a,month:a,year:k,id:1108,sort:ix,date:ix,title:"Robert H. Goddard Award – Mentoring",description:a,url:a,image:a,honor_text:a,honoree_format:g,body_url:a,body_url_text:a,other_url:a,other_url_text:a,recipient_urls:[],recipients:{scoped:[],all:[{recipient_name:"Arlindo M da Silva",phonebook_id:12403,first_name:"Arlindo",middle_name:aG,last_name:"da Silva",sl_suffix:a,org_code:bg,isTeam:g},{recipient_name:"David A Glenar",phonebook_id:12014,first_name:bi,middle_name:av,last_name:"Glenar",sl_suffix:a,org_code:cp,isTeam:g},{recipient_name:ig,phonebook_id:ih,first_name:dm,middle_name:aq,last_name:ii,sl_suffix:b,org_code:f,isTeam:g},{recipient_name:"Carl Richard DeVore",phonebook_id:22819,first_name:"Carl",middle_name:cq,last_name:"DeVore",sl_suffix:a,org_code:df,isTeam:g},{recipient_name:"Mahmooda Sultana",phonebook_id:24722,first_name:"Mahmooda",middle_name:b,last_name:"Sultana",sl_suffix:b,org_code:bO,isTeam:g},{recipient_name:"Melanie B Follette-Cook",phonebook_id:10861,first_name:iy,middle_name:az,last_name:"Follette-Cook",sl_suffix:b,org_code:dc,isTeam:g}]}}],award:{},howToNominate:[]},orgChart:{globalGlow:j,glowWatchClear:g,lastGlowLevel:c,currentHighlight:b,data:{},dataLevel3:{},dataLevel4:{}},home:{status:j,sectionsData:[{id:c,org_code:P,sort_order:c,section_type_id:c,custom_section_id:a,section:[{type:"slider"}],custom_section:[]},{id:u,org_code:P,sort_order:u,section_type_id:u,custom_section_id:a,section:[{type:"cal"}],custom_section:[]},{id:x,org_code:P,sort_order:x,section_type_id:m,custom_section_id:a,section:[{type:"pr"}],custom_section:[]},{id:m,org_code:P,sort_order:m,section_type_id:x,custom_section_id:a,section:[{type:"news"}],custom_section:[]},{id:216,org_code:P,sort_order:B,section_type_id:C,custom_section_id:c,section:[{type:"cs2"}],custom_section:[{title:iz,title_link:a,link_text:"See all Nuggets ",link_url:gf,link_enabled:c,show_title:c,content:"\u003Cdiv class=\"row\"\u003E\r\n \u003Cdiv class=\"col col-8\"\u003E\r\n \r\n \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fscience.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002F600\u002Fpublic-nuggets\u002FOSIRIS-REx_mission_analysis_11.18.24.pdf\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fscience.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002F600\u002Fpublic-nuggets\u002FOSIRIS-REx_mission_analysis_11.18.24.png\" width=\"100%\"\u003E \r\n \u003C\u002Fa\u003E \r\n \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\r\n \u003Cdiv class=\"col col-4\"\u003E\r\n \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fscience.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002F600\u002Fpublic-nuggets\u002FHubble-Black-Hole-Omega-Centauri_10.22.24.pdf\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fscience.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002F600\u002Fpublic-nuggets\u002FHubble-Black-Hole-Omega-Centauri_10.22.24.png\" width=\"100%\"\u003E \r\n \r\n \r\n\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fscience.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002F600\u002Fpublic-nuggets\u002FInterplanetary_Shocks_09.23.24-Science-Nugget.pdf\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fscience.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002F600\u002Fpublic-nuggets\u002FInterplanetary_Shocks_09.23.24-Science-Nugget.png\" width=\"100%\"\u003E \r\n\r\n \u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\r\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\r\n",full:d,background:l}]},{id:E,org_code:P,sort_order:C,section_type_id:M,custom_section_id:a,section:[{type:"featured"}],custom_section:[]}],slides:[{id:bh,title:iz,show_title:j,title_link:"https:\u002F\u002Fscience.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002F600\u002Fnuggets\u002F",content:"The latest Science Nugget reviews the OSIRIS-REx mission's initial analysis of the Bennu asteroid sample",img:"\u002Fcontent\u002FuploadFiles\u002Forganization_slides\u002Fnugnov24.png"},{id:bj,title:"Early Career Scientist Spotlights",show_title:j,title_link:"https:\u002F\u002Fscience.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002F600\u002FECSS\u002F",content:"\u003Cdiv\u003E\r\nEarly Career Scientist Spotlight (\"ECSS\") articles showcase the early career scientists \u003Cbr\u003E\r\nworking at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Learn a bit about some of the wonderful \u003Cbr\u003E \r\nand interesting people working at Goddard!\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\r\n",img:"\u002Fcontent\u002FuploadFiles\u002Forganization_slides\u002Fecss4.webp"}],localNews:[],events:[{EventID:9438,EventDate:"2024-12-03",Eventname:"Virtual Chat with the Code 600 Director",EventDescription:"Everyone is Welcome!\u003Cbr\u003E\r\n\u003Cb\u003EACTUAL TIME: 10:10–10:55 a.m.\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E",CategoryID:a,Location:"Teams",StartTime:"10:00",STAMPM:bT,EndTime:"11:00",ETAMPM:bT,Contact:"Ellie Jeffries",Phone:b,Email:f_,Website:"https:\u002F\u002Fscience.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002F",Recurring:ct,org_code:a,signup:d,public:c,f_researchers:w,f_everyone:w,f_aboutus:e,special:w,created_date:"2024-02-13 14:21:13",last_update_date:"2024-11-04 13:01:07",last_update_user:ei,created_user:bU,mil_eventstartdatetime:"2024-12-03T10:00:00",mil_eventenddatetime:"2024-12-03T11:00:00"},{EventID:9982,EventDate:"2024-12-09",Eventname:do0,EventDescription:dp,CategoryID:a,Location:dq,StartTime:dr,STAMPM:bT,EndTime:ds,ETAMPM:bV,Contact:a,Phone:a,Email:a,Website:dt,Recurring:ct,org_code:a,signup:d,public:c,f_researchers:w,f_everyone:w,f_aboutus:e,special:w,created_date:du,last_update_date:a,last_update_user:a,created_user:bU,mil_eventstartdatetime:"2024-12-09T08:00:00",mil_eventenddatetime:"2024-12-09T17:00:00"},{EventID:9983,EventDate:"2024-12-10",Eventname:do0,EventDescription:dp,CategoryID:a,Location:dq,StartTime:dr,STAMPM:bT,EndTime:ds,ETAMPM:bV,Contact:a,Phone:a,Email:a,Website:dt,Recurring:ct,org_code:a,signup:d,public:c,f_researchers:w,f_everyone:w,f_aboutus:e,special:w,created_date:du,last_update_date:a,last_update_user:a,created_user:bU,mil_eventstartdatetime:"2024-12-10T08:00:00",mil_eventenddatetime:"2024-12-10T17:00:00"},{EventID:9984,EventDate:"2024-12-11",Eventname:do0,EventDescription:dp,CategoryID:a,Location:dq,StartTime:dr,STAMPM:bT,EndTime:ds,ETAMPM:bV,Contact:a,Phone:a,Email:a,Website:dt,Recurring:ct,org_code:a,signup:d,public:c,f_researchers:w,f_everyone:w,f_aboutus:e,special:w,created_date:du,last_update_date:a,last_update_user:a,created_user:bU,mil_eventstartdatetime:"2024-12-11T08:00:00",mil_eventenddatetime:"2024-12-11T17:00:00"},{EventID:9985,EventDate:iA,Eventname:do0,EventDescription:dp,CategoryID:a,Location:dq,StartTime:dr,STAMPM:bT,EndTime:ds,ETAMPM:bV,Contact:a,Phone:a,Email:a,Website:dt,Recurring:ct,org_code:a,signup:d,public:c,f_researchers:w,f_everyone:w,f_aboutus:e,special:w,created_date:du,last_update_date:a,last_update_user:a,created_user:bU,mil_eventstartdatetime:"2024-12-12T08:00:00",mil_eventenddatetime:"2024-12-12T17:00:00"},{EventID:10086,EventDate:iA,Eventname:"SED Director’s Seminar",EventDescription:"Please join us for the SED Director’s Seminar hosted by the Observational Cosmology Laboratory, Code 665!\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\r\nMore information to come!",CategoryID:a,Location:"B34, W305 & Microsoft Teams",StartTime:"12:00",STAMPM:bV,EndTime:"01:00",ETAMPM:bV,Contact:"Dayna Jamison",Phone:a,Email:"Dayna.R.Jamison@nasa.gov",Website:a,Recurring:a,org_code:a,signup:d,public:c,f_researchers:w,f_everyone:w,f_aboutus:e,special:w,created_date:"2024-09-04 14:52:58",last_update_date:a,last_update_user:a,created_user:ej,mil_eventstartdatetime:"2024-12-12T12:00:00",mil_eventenddatetime:"2024-12-12T13:00:00"}],contacts:[],press:[{highlight_id:14577,highlight_type_code:a$,title:iB,release_text:a,highlight_date:iC,highlight_desc_short:a,highlight_desc:"This NASA\u002FESA Hubble Space Telescope image features a spiral galaxy, named UGC 10043. We don’t see the galaxy’s spiral arms because we are seeing it from the side. Located roughly 150 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Serpens, UGC 10043 is one of the somewhat rare spiral galaxies that we see edge-on. This edge-on […]",url_full_story:"https:\u002F\u002Fscience.nasa.gov\u002Fmissions\u002Fhubble\u002Fhubble-captures-an-edge-on-spiral-with-curve-appeal\u002F",highlight_org_code:iD,highlight_byline:a,created_date:iE,last_update_date:iE,last_update_user:ej,display_to_date:"2025-05-23 00:00:00",sort_order:a,conference_name:a,location:a,presentation_date:a,author_uupic:a,f_researchers:e,f_everyone:e,f_aboutus:e,image_name:"HighLightID_14577.jpg",image_path:"images\u002Fhighlight_thumbs\u002FHighLightID_14577.jpg",document_name:a,document_path:a,image_alt_text:iB,sec_url_full_story:a,category_list:a,created_by:dv,display_on_cv:d,document_name_text:a,sec_url_full_story_text:a,month:a,year:a,day:a,fw_view:d,is_press_release:w,org_pool:G},{highlight_id:14339,highlight_type_code:a$,title:"NASA Trains Machine Learning Algorithm for Mars Sample Analysis",release_text:a,highlight_date:"2024-08-05 00:00:00",highlight_desc_short:a,highlight_desc:"When a robotic rover lands on another world, scientists have a limited amount of time to collect data from the troves of explorable material, because of short mission durations and the length of time to complete complex experiments. That’s why researchers at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, are investigating the use of […]",url_full_story:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nasa.gov\u002F?p=692955",highlight_org_code:bO,highlight_byline:a,created_date:iF,last_update_date:iF,last_update_user:bU,display_to_date:"2025-02-03 00:00:00",sort_order:a,conference_name:a,location:a,presentation_date:a,author_uupic:a,f_researchers:e,f_everyone:e,f_aboutus:e,image_name:"HighLightID_14339.jpg",image_path:"images\u002Fhighlight_thumbs\u002FHighLightID_14339.jpg",document_name:a,document_path:a,image_alt_text:"Artist's conception of ExoMars mission's Rosalind Franklin rover on the surface of Mars",sec_url_full_story:a,category_list:a,created_by:dv,display_on_cv:d,document_name_text:a,sec_url_full_story_text:a,month:a,year:a,day:a,fw_view:d,is_press_release:w,org_pool:z},{highlight_id:14405,highlight_type_code:a$,title:"NASA Discovers a Long-Sought Global Electric Field on Earth",release_text:a,highlight_date:"2024-09-03 00:00:00",highlight_desc_short:a,highlight_desc:"A rocket team reports the first successful detection of Earth’s ambipolar electric field: a weak, planet-wide electric field as fundamental as Earth’s gravity and magnetic fields.\r\nFirst hypothesized more than 60 years ago, the ambipolar electric field is a key driver of the “polar wind,” a steady outflow of charged particles into space that occurs.",url_full_story:"https:\u002F\u002Fscience.nasa.gov\u002Fscience-research\u002Fheliophysics\u002Fnasa-discovers-long-sought-global-electric-field-on-earth\u002F",highlight_org_code:"675,673,670",highlight_byline:a,created_date:iG,last_update_date:iG,last_update_user:iH,display_to_date:"2025-09-10 00:00:00",sort_order:a,conference_name:a,location:a,presentation_date:a,author_uupic:a,f_researchers:e,f_everyone:e,f_aboutus:e,image_name:"HighLightID_14405.jpg",image_path:"images\u002Fhighlight_thumbs\u002FHighLightID_14405.jpg",document_name:a,document_path:a,image_alt_text:"A cartoon of the ambipolar electric field at Earth helping ions escape out of the Earth's atmosphere",sec_url_full_story:a,category_list:"171,112,107,97,95,91,56,55,54,37",created_by:a,display_on_cv:d,document_name_text:a,sec_url_full_story_text:a,month:a,year:a,day:a,fw_view:d,is_press_release:w,org_pool:aN},{highlight_id:14404,highlight_type_code:a$,title:"NASA, ESA Missions Help Scientists Uncover How Solar Wind Gets Energy",release_text:a,highlight_date:"2024-08-30 00:00:00",highlight_desc_short:a,highlight_desc:"Since the 1960s, astronomers have wondered how the Sun’s supersonic “solar wind,” a stream of energetic particles that flows out into the solar system, continues to receive energy once it leaves the Sun. Now, thanks to a lucky lineup of a NASA and an ESA (European Space Agency)\u002FNASA spacecraft both currently studying the Sun, they […]",url_full_story:"https:\u002F\u002Fscience.nasa.gov\u002Fscience-research\u002Fnasa-esa-missions-help-scientists-uncover-how-solar-wind-gets-energy\u002F",highlight_org_code:"672,670",highlight_byline:a,created_date:iI,last_update_date:iI,last_update_user:iH,display_to_date:"2025-02-28 00:00:00",sort_order:a,conference_name:a,location:a,presentation_date:a,author_uupic:a,f_researchers:e,f_everyone:e,f_aboutus:e,image_name:"HighLightID_14404.gif",image_path:"images\u002Fhighlight_thumbs\u002FHighLightID_14404.gif",document_name:a,document_path:a,image_alt_text:b,sec_url_full_story:a,category_list:a,created_by:dv,display_on_cv:d,document_name_text:a,sec_url_full_story_text:a,month:a,year:a,day:a,fw_view:d,is_press_release:w,org_pool:aN},{highlight_id:14579,highlight_type_code:a$,title:"Extratropical Cyclone Whips Over the Pacific Northwest",release_text:a,highlight_date:iJ,highlight_desc_short:a,highlight_desc:"Damaging winds from the strong storm knocked out power for thousands of people in Washington state.",url_full_story:"https:\u002F\u002Fearthobservatory.nasa.gov\u002Fimages\u002F153605\u002Fextratropical-cyclone-whips-over-the-pacific-northwest",highlight_org_code:dZ,highlight_byline:a,created_date:"2024-11-22 16:40:49",last_update_date:"2024-11-22 16:41:17",last_update_user:ei,display_to_date:"2025-05-21 00:00:00",sort_order:a,conference_name:a,location:a,presentation_date:a,author_uupic:a,f_researchers:e,f_everyone:e,f_aboutus:e,image_name:"HighLightID_14579.jpg",image_path:"images\u002Fhighlight_thumbs\u002FHighLightID_14579.jpg",document_name:a,document_path:a,image_alt_text:"JPSS-1 satellite image of extratropical cyclone over the Pacific Northwest",sec_url_full_story:a,category_list:"5,78,79",created_by:a,display_on_cv:d,document_name_text:a,sec_url_full_story_text:a,month:a,year:a,day:a,fw_view:d,is_press_release:w,org_pool:U},{highlight_id:14477,highlight_type_code:a$,title:"NCCS-Hosted Simulations Enable Exploring Prospects of Detecting Volcanic Signatures on ExoEarths",release_text:a,highlight_date:"2024-09-26 00:00:00",highlight_desc_short:a,highlight_desc:"The NASA Center for Climate Simulation enabled University of California, Riverside, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center scientists to simulate large igneous province volcanic eruptions on Earth to define the atmosphere of a hypothetical Earth-like exoplanet (or exoEarth) for exploring the possibility of detecting volcanic signatures.",url_full_story:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nccs.nasa.gov\u002Fnews-events\u002Fnccs-highlights\u002Fnccs-detecting-volcanic-signatures-on-exoEarths",highlight_org_code:"606,606.2,699,698,693,691,614",highlight_byline:a,created_date:iK,last_update_date:iK,last_update_user:"jscohen",display_to_date:"2025-03-26 00:00:00",sort_order:a,conference_name:a,location:a,presentation_date:a,author_uupic:a,f_researchers:e,f_everyone:e,f_aboutus:e,image_name:"HighLightID_14477.jpg",image_path:"images\u002Fhighlight_thumbs\u002FHighLightID_14477.jpg",document_name:a,document_path:a,image_alt_text:"Planet LP 791-18 d dominates this artist’s concept. The planet is illuminated on the right side and in shadow on the left. Its mottled brown surface has several bright yellow spots where volcanoes are erupting. These bright spots are connected by jagged veins of bright red lava. ",sec_url_full_story:a,category_list:dw,created_by:a,display_on_cv:d,document_name_text:a,sec_url_full_story_text:a,month:a,year:a,day:a,fw_view:d,is_press_release:w,org_pool:z},{highlight_id:14580,highlight_type_code:a$,title:"A Hazy, Foggy Day in Italy’s Po Valley",release_text:a,highlight_date:iC,highlight_desc_short:a,highlight_desc:"Research suggests that airborne particles called aerosols contribute to longer-lasting outbreaks of fog. ",url_full_story:"https:\u002F\u002Fearthobservatory.nasa.gov\u002Fimages\u002F153599\u002Fa-hazy-foggy-day-in-italys-po-valley",highlight_org_code:"619,618",highlight_byline:a,created_date:"2024-11-22 16:44:19",last_update_date:"2024-11-22 16:45:04",last_update_user:ei,display_to_date:iL,sort_order:a,conference_name:a,location:a,presentation_date:a,author_uupic:a,f_researchers:e,f_everyone:e,f_aboutus:e,image_name:"HighLightID_14580.jpg",image_path:"images\u002Fhighlight_thumbs\u002FHighLightID_14580.jpg",document_name:a,document_path:a,image_alt_text:"Terra satellite image of fog over the Po River Valley",sec_url_full_story:a,category_list:"2,5",created_by:a,display_on_cv:d,document_name_text:a,sec_url_full_story_text:a,month:a,year:a,day:a,fw_view:d,is_press_release:w,org_pool:U},{highlight_id:14576,highlight_type_code:a$,title:iM,release_text:a,highlight_date:iJ,highlight_desc_short:a,highlight_desc:"In 1936, astronomers saw a puzzling event in the constellation Orion: the young star FU Orionis (FU Ori) became a hundred times brighter in a matter of months. At its peak, FU Ori was intrinsically 100 times brighter than our Sun. Unlike an exploding star though, it has declined in luminosity only languidly since then. […]",url_full_story:"https:\u002F\u002Fscience.nasa.gov\u002Fmissions\u002Fhubble\u002Fnasas-hubble-finds-sizzling-details-about-young-star-fu-orionis\u002F",highlight_org_code:iD,highlight_byline:a,created_date:iN,last_update_date:iN,last_update_user:ej,display_to_date:iL,sort_order:a,conference_name:a,location:a,presentation_date:a,author_uupic:a,f_researchers:e,f_everyone:e,f_aboutus:e,image_name:"HighLightID_14576.jpg",image_path:"images\u002Fhighlight_thumbs\u002FHighLightID_14576.jpg",document_name:a,document_path:a,image_alt_text:iM,sec_url_full_story:a,category_list:a,created_by:dv,display_on_cv:d,document_name_text:a,sec_url_full_story_text:a,month:a,year:a,day:a,fw_view:d,is_press_release:w,org_pool:G}],featured:a,youtube:a,apod:{date:"2024-11-23",explanation:"In an interplanetary first, on July 19, 2013 Earth was photographed on the same day from two other worlds of the Solar System, innermost planet Mercury and ringed gas giant Saturn. Pictured on the left, Earth is the pale blue dot just below the rings of Saturn, as captured by the robotic Cassini spacecraft then orbiting the outermost gas giant. On that same day people across planet Earth snapped many of their own pictures of Saturn. On the right, the Earth-Moon system is seen against the dark background of space as captured by the sunward MESSENGER spacecraft, then in Mercury orbit. MESSENGER took its image as part of a search for small natural satellites of Mercury, moons that would be expected to be quite dim. In the MESSENGER image, the brighter Earth and Moon are both overexposed and shine brightly with reflected sunlight. Destined not to return to their home world, both Cassini and MESSENGER have since retired from their missions of Solar System exploration.",hdurl:"https:\u002F\u002Fapod.nasa.gov\u002Fapod\u002Fimage\u002F2411\u002Fearth_cassinimessenger_1799.jpg",media_type:"image",service_version:"v1",title:iO,url:iP,"sed-cache-hit":j},apodData:{title:iO,image:iP,link:b},eo:{title:["Signs of Sea Level Rise in the Bahamas"],link:[iQ],"media:thumbnail":[{$:{url:"https:\u002F\u002Feoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fimages\u002Fimagerecords\u002F153000\u002F153568\u002Fandrosisland_oli2_20240515_th.jpg"}}],description:["Rising seas have redistributed cyanobacterial mats blanketing part of Andros Island and restructured the island’s marshes and mudflats."],"content:encoded":["\n \n \u003Cp\u003E\n \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fearthobservatory.nasa.gov\u002Fimages\u002F153568\u002Fsigns-of-sea-level-rise-in-the-bahamas\"\u003E\u003Cimg\n src=\"https:\u002F\u002Feoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fimages\u002Fimagerecords\u002F153000\u002F153568\u002Fandrosisland_oli2_20240515_th.jpg\"\n border=\"0\" alt=\"Signs of Sea Level Rise in the Bahamas\"\u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr\u002F\u003E\n Rising seas have redistributed cyanobacterial mats blanketing part of Andros Island and restructured the island’s marshes and mudflats.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fearthobservatory.nasa.gov\u002Fimages\u002F153568\u002Fsigns-of-sea-level-rise-in-the-bahamas\"\u003ERead More...\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n \n "],"dc:creator":[" NASA Earth Observatory "],pubDate:["Mon, 18 Nov 2024 00:00:00 -0500"],categories:[{category:["Land,Water"]}],guid:[iQ],"georss:point":["-78.154044518104 25.020085493777"],"sed-cache-hit":j}},highlights:{highlights:[],imageGallery:g,currentYear:k},tooltips:{cachedPersonnelData:[]},calendar:{event:{id:d,title:b,description:b,date:b,startTime:b,endTime:b,location:b,website:b,eventType:b},pickerDate:b,modal:g,pickerModal:g,calTextSearch:b},management:{managment:[]},localnews:{localNews:[],localNewsCount:d},stafflist:{stafflist:[{phonebook_id:123201,uupic:"806103346",email_address:"juanignacio.martindeblas@nasa.gov",first_name:"Juan",middle_initial:b,last_name:"Martin de Blas",phone:b,org_code:cp,mail_code:b,affiliation:"UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND AT COLLEGE PARK",bio:"juanignacio.martindeblas",research:[{id:137,discipline_id:c,discipline:iR,category:"Geomagnetism"},{id:ek,discipline_id:x,discipline:"Solar System",category:"Magnetospheres"},{id:y,discipline_id:c,discipline:iR,category:"Theory & Modeling"}],photo:"\u002Fimages\u002FPhotos\u002F123201\u002F\u002F188202462755_Juan_Ignacio_Martin_de_Blas_SED_9999.jpg"}],alphabet:[{letter:D,count:d},{letter:el,count:d},{letter:em,count:d},{letter:en,count:d},{letter:eo,count:d},{letter:ep,count:d},{letter:eq,count:d},{letter:er,count:d},{letter:es,count:d},{letter:et,count:d},{letter:eu,count:d},{letter:ev,count:d},{letter:ew,count:u},{letter:dx,count:d},{letter:ex,count:d},{letter:ey,count:d},{letter:ez,count:d},{letter:eA,count:d},{letter:eB,count:d},{letter:eC,count:d},{letter:eD,count:d},{letter:eE,count:d},{letter:eF,count:d},{letter:eG,count:d},{letter:H,count:d},{letter:eH,count:d}],recordcount:d,screenWidth:d},bio:{loading:j,bio:{}},missions:{featuredMissions:[{id:131,code:ah,disp:"James Webb Space Telescope",acronym:"JWST",desc_short:"The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large space observatory that will operate in an orbit some 1 million miles from Earth. JWST will find the first galaxies that formed in the early universe, connecting the Big Bang to our own Milky Way Galaxy. It will also peer through dusty clouds to see stars forming planetary systems, connecting the Milky Way to our own solar System. Webb's instruments are designed to work primarily in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum, with some capability in the visible range. The observatory was launched on Dec 25, 2021. ",desc:a,url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.jwst.nasa.gov\u002F",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:cu,launch_year:eI,launch_month:dw,launch_day:iS,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002FJWST-600px.png",image_alt:"artist's conception of JWST in space",status:A,instruments:[],staff:[{role_disp:aw,org_code:cu,uupic:"703684125",prx_first_name:ee,prx_last_name:ef,prx_mid_name:"Rebecca",pb_last_name:ef,pb_first_name:ee,pb_mid_name:cr,p_org_code:G,phonebook_id:im,bio:"jane.r.rigby"},{role_disp:aw,org_code:cu,uupic:"494656336",prx_first_name:iT,prx_last_name:"MATHER",prx_mid_name:aq,pb_last_name:"Mather",pb_first_name:cv,pb_mid_name:aq,p_org_code:G,phonebook_id:11051,bio:"john.c.mather"},{role_disp:"Observatory Project Scientist",org_code:cu,uupic:"080783964",prx_first_name:iU,prx_last_name:"MCELWAIN",prx_mid_name:"WILLIAM",pb_last_name:"McElwain",pb_first_name:bQ,pb_mid_name:eJ,p_org_code:ap,phonebook_id:28838,bio:"michael.w.mcelwain"},{role_disp:iV,org_code:cu,uupic:"375340363",prx_first_name:iW,prx_last_name:iX,prx_mid_name:"Dawn",pb_last_name:iX,pb_first_name:iW,pb_mid_name:eK,p_org_code:ap,phonebook_id:75802,bio:"knicole.colon"}]},{id:bW,code:ah,disp:bX,acronym:a,desc_short:"Landsat 9, a joint NASA and U.S. Geological Survey satellite mission, launched on September 27, 2021, from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California, and will extend the Earth-observing program’s record of land images to half a century.\r\n\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\r\nThe Landsat program has provided accurate measurements of Earth’s land cover since 1972. With data from Landsat satellites, ecologists have tracked deforestation in South America, water managers have monitored irrigation of farmland in the American West, and researchers have watched the growth of cities worldwide. With the help of the program’s open archive, firefighters have assessed the severity of wildfires and scientists have mapped the retreat of mountain glaciers. ",desc:a,url_home:"https:\u002F\u002Flandsat.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fsatellites\u002Flandsat-9\u002F",url_epo:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nasa.gov\u002Fspecials\u002Flandsat\u002F",url_staff:a,org_codes:f,launch_year:eI,launch_month:bY,launch_day:dy,image:bZ,image_alt:b_,status:A,instruments:[{id:551,disp:"Thermal Infrared Sensor 2"}],staff:[{role_disp:"Standing Review Board Member",org_code:f,uupic:cw,prx_first_name:eL,prx_last_name:eM,prx_mid_name:a_,pb_last_name:cx,pb_first_name:cy,pb_mid_name:L,p_org_code:U,phonebook_id:eN,bio:"compton.j.tucker"},{role_disp:"TIRS-2 Deputy Instrument Scientist",org_code:f,uupic:"384096720",prx_first_name:cz,prx_last_name:"Mccorkel",prx_mid_name:ax,pb_last_name:eO,pb_first_name:cz,pb_mid_name:b,p_org_code:"425",phonebook_id:31758,bio:"joel.mccorkel"},{role_disp:aw,org_code:f,uupic:aD,prx_first_name:X,prx_last_name:b$,prx_mid_name:bk,pb_last_name:aE,pb_first_name:X,pb_mid_name:aP,p_org_code:f,phonebook_id:ca,bio:"christopher.s.neigh"},{role_disp:cA,org_code:f,uupic:"637003753",prx_first_name:eP,prx_last_name:iY,prx_mid_name:dm,pb_last_name:iY,pb_first_name:eP,pb_mid_name:dm,p_org_code:f,phonebook_id:14276,bio:"bruce.cook"},{role_disp:cb,org_code:f,uupic:iZ,prx_first_name:i_,prx_last_name:i$,prx_mid_name:a,pb_last_name:ja,pb_first_name:jb,pb_mid_name:eJ,p_org_code:f,phonebook_id:jc,bio:jd},{role_disp:"Calibration & Validation Manager",org_code:f,uupic:dz,prx_first_name:"KURTIS",prx_last_name:"THOME",prx_mid_name:iT,pb_last_name:dA,pb_first_name:dB,pb_mid_name:cv,p_org_code:f,phonebook_id:2553,bio:"kurtis.thome"}]},{id:147,code:ah,disp:"Parker Solar Probe",acronym:a,desc_short:"Parker Solar Probe will swoop to within 4 million miles of the Sun's surface, facing heat and radiation like no spacecraft before it. Launched on Aug. 12, 2018, Parker Solar Probe will provide new data on solar activity and make critical contributions to our ability to forecast major space-weather events that impact life on Earth. In order to unlock the mysteries of the corona, but also to protect a society that is increasingly dependent on technology from the threats of space weather, we will send Parker Solar Probe to touch the Sun.",desc:"The Parker Solar Probe (formerly Solar Probe+) will be a historic mission, flying into the Sun's atmosphere (or corona), for the first time. Coming closer to the Sun than any previous spacecraft, the Parker Solar Probe will employ a combination of in situ measurements and imaging to achieve the mission's primary scientific goal: to understand how the Sun's corona is heated and how the solar wind is accelerated. The Parker Solar Probe will revolutionize our knowledge of the physics of the origin and evolution of the solar wind.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t",url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Fsolarprobe.jhuapl.edu\u002F",url_epo:"http:\u002F\u002Fnasascience.nasa.gov\u002Fmissions\u002Fsolar-probe",url_staff:a,org_codes:de,launch_year:eQ,launch_month:ba,launch_day:dw,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002FPSP-logo.png",image_alt:"Parker Solar Probe mission logo",status:A,instruments:[],staff:[{role_disp:"Data Processing Team Member",org_code:de,uupic:"038056472",prx_first_name:bl,prx_last_name:je,prx_mid_name:aC,pb_last_name:je,pb_first_name:bl,pb_mid_name:aC,p_org_code:cp,phonebook_id:95828,bio:"jeffrey.p.morgenthaler"}]},{id:377,code:ah,disp:jf,acronym:jf,desc_short:"OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security--Regolith Explorer) launched September 8, 2016. It explored the Near Earth Asteroid (101955) Bennu in detail including with the Goddard-built OVIRS instrument. OSIRIS-REx collected a sample in October 2020 and returned it to Earth on September 24, 2023. This sample will help us investigate planet formation and the origin of life, and the data collected at the asteroid will also aid our understanding of asteroids that can impact Earth (Bennu is a potentially hazardous object with a 1-in-2,700 chance of impacting Earth between the years 2175 and 2199). OSIRIS-REx is led by PI Dante Lauretta of the University of Arizona and managed by GSFC. ",desc:a,url_home:"https:\u002F\u002Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov\u002Fmissions\u002Fosiris-rex\u002Fin-depth\u002F",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:R,launch_year:"2016",launch_month:bY,launch_day:ba,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002FOSIRIS-REx-Mission-Logo1.png",image_alt:"OSIRIS-REx Logo",status:A,instruments:[],staff:[{role_disp:jg,org_code:a,uupic:"109035355",prx_first_name:a,prx_last_name:a,prx_mid_name:a,pb_last_name:"Goossens",pb_first_name:jh,pb_mid_name:"Johannes",p_org_code:bN,phonebook_id:2369,bio:"sander.j.goossens"},{role_disp:bb,org_code:R,uupic:"598192130",prx_first_name:"NANCY",prx_last_name:"JONES",prx_mid_name:"NEAL",pb_last_name:"Jones",pb_first_name:ji,pb_mid_name:"Neal",p_org_code:"130",phonebook_id:13417,bio:"nancy.n.jones"},{role_disp:jj,org_code:R,uupic:jk,prx_first_name:jl,prx_last_name:jm,prx_mid_name:eR,pb_last_name:jn,pb_first_name:jo,pb_mid_name:aI,p_org_code:Q,phonebook_id:jp,bio:jq},{role_disp:jj,org_code:R,uupic:eS,prx_first_name:eT,prx_last_name:eU,prx_mid_name:cB,pb_last_name:eV,pb_first_name:eW,pb_mid_name:b,p_org_code:z,phonebook_id:eX,bio:eY},{role_disp:bb,org_code:R,uupic:"004487710",prx_first_name:jr,prx_last_name:js,prx_mid_name:"Matias",pb_last_name:js,pb_first_name:jr,pb_mid_name:b,p_org_code:bN,phonebook_id:116,bio:"erwan.m.mazarico"},{role_disp:bb,org_code:R,uupic:"151307505",prx_first_name:iU,prx_last_name:"CALLAHAN",prx_mid_name:"PATRICK",pb_last_name:"Callahan",pb_first_name:bQ,pb_mid_name:aC,p_org_code:Q,phonebook_id:3344,bio:"michael.p.callahan"},{role_disp:bb,org_code:R,uupic:"488698520",prx_first_name:eZ,prx_last_name:jt,prx_mid_name:aq,pb_last_name:jt,pb_first_name:eZ,pb_mid_name:aq,p_org_code:"401",phonebook_id:10920,bio:"brooke.c.hsu"},{role_disp:bb,org_code:R,uupic:"843236116",prx_first_name:"LORA",prx_last_name:"BLEACHER",prx_mid_name:"VARLEY",pb_last_name:"Bleacher",pb_first_name:"Lora",pb_mid_name:"Varley",p_org_code:"NA020",phonebook_id:18927,bio:"lora.v.bleacher"},{role_disp:bb,org_code:R,uupic:eS,prx_first_name:eT,prx_last_name:eU,prx_mid_name:cB,pb_last_name:eV,pb_first_name:eW,pb_mid_name:b,p_org_code:z,phonebook_id:eX,bio:eY},{role_disp:bc,org_code:R,uupic:ju,prx_first_name:jv,prx_last_name:jw,prx_mid_name:az,pb_last_name:jx,pb_first_name:bm,pb_mid_name:az,p_org_code:P,phonebook_id:jy,bio:jz},{role_disp:bn,org_code:R,uupic:e_,prx_first_name:e$,prx_last_name:fa,prx_mid_name:a,pb_last_name:fb,pb_first_name:dC,pb_mid_name:aq,p_org_code:aZ,phonebook_id:fc,bio:fd},{role_disp:bn,org_code:R,uupic:jA,prx_first_name:fe,prx_last_name:dl,prx_mid_name:"Ann",pb_last_name:dl,pb_first_name:fe,pb_mid_name:av,p_org_code:z,phonebook_id:jB,bio:jC},{role_disp:bn,org_code:R,uupic:"350290954",prx_first_name:"DAVID",prx_last_name:"ROWLANDS",prx_mid_name:eK,pb_last_name:"Rowlands",pb_first_name:bi,pb_mid_name:eK,p_org_code:aX,phonebook_id:7786,bio:"david.d.rowlands"},{role_disp:bn,org_code:R,uupic:"838448344",prx_first_name:"GREGORY",prx_last_name:jD,prx_mid_name:av,pb_last_name:jE,pb_first_name:jF,pb_mid_name:av,p_org_code:bN,phonebook_id:18802,bio:"gregory.a.neumann"},{role_disp:bn,org_code:R,uupic:jG,prx_first_name:jH,prx_last_name:jI,prx_mid_name:aC,pb_last_name:jJ,pb_first_name:ff,pb_mid_name:aC,p_org_code:z,phonebook_id:jK,bio:jL},{role_disp:bn,org_code:R,uupic:"414259756",prx_first_name:dD,prx_last_name:jM,prx_mid_name:"Hackett",pb_last_name:jM,pb_first_name:dD,pb_mid_name:fg,p_org_code:aZ,phonebook_id:99825,bio:"hannah.h.kaplan"},{role_disp:bn,org_code:R,uupic:"153542565",prx_first_name:fh,prx_last_name:jN,prx_mid_name:jO,pb_last_name:jN,pb_first_name:fh,pb_mid_name:jO,p_org_code:Q,phonebook_id:3389,bio:"lucy.f.lim"},{role_disp:aw,org_code:R,uupic:jP,prx_first_name:jQ,prx_last_name:jR,prx_mid_name:jS,pb_last_name:jT,pb_first_name:di,pb_mid_name:aC,p_org_code:z,phonebook_id:jU,bio:jV},{role_disp:cA,org_code:R,uupic:"904798114",prx_first_name:"JOSEPH",prx_last_name:"NUTH",prx_mid_name:av,pb_last_name:"Nuth",pb_first_name:jW,pb_mid_name:av,p_org_code:z,phonebook_id:20273,bio:"joseph.a.nuth"},{role_disp:cb,org_code:R,uupic:e_,prx_first_name:e$,prx_last_name:fa,prx_mid_name:a,pb_last_name:fb,pb_first_name:dC,pb_mid_name:aq,p_org_code:aZ,phonebook_id:fc,bio:fd},{role_disp:cb,org_code:R,uupic:jA,prx_first_name:"AMY",prx_last_name:"SIMON-MILLER",prx_mid_name:av,pb_last_name:dl,pb_first_name:fe,pb_mid_name:av,p_org_code:z,phonebook_id:jB,bio:jC}]},{id:304,code:ah,disp:"Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope",acronym:a,desc_short:"The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, formerly WFIRST, was the top-ranked large space mission in the Astro2010 Decadal Survey. It will obtain a wide-field survey of the sky and observe exoplanets. The survey will cover a region of more than 2,000 square degrees at near-infrared (0.6-2 microns) wavelengths. The Roman Space Telescope will employ three independent techniques to determine the effect of dark energy on the evolution of the universe. The mission will also collect statistics on exoplanets around a large sample of stars and will directly detect exoplanets with a coronograph. In addition, the Roman Space Telescope will survey our galaxy and others nearby to answer key questions about their formation and structure and provide constraints on how galaxies grow. The mission will take approximately 10 years to develop. ",desc:a,url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Fwfirst.gsfc.nasa.gov",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:jX,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002Froman-trailer_still_1.jpg",image_alt:" Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope",status:jY,instruments:[],staff:[{role_disp:"Ground System Scientist",org_code:a,uupic:jZ,prx_first_name:a,prx_last_name:a,prx_mid_name:a,pb_last_name:eh,pb_first_name:bS,pb_mid_name:dn,p_org_code:ap,phonebook_id:eg,bio:j_},{role_disp:"Deputy Project Scientist for Communications",org_code:a,uupic:"628520420",prx_first_name:a,prx_last_name:a,prx_mid_name:a,pb_last_name:"Zellem",pb_first_name:"Rob",pb_mid_name:b,p_org_code:ap,phonebook_id:123357,bio:"rzellem"},{role_disp:aw,org_code:jX,uupic:"186909620",prx_first_name:"JEFFREY",prx_last_name:"KRUK",prx_mid_name:"WALTER",pb_last_name:"Kruk",pb_first_name:bl,pb_mid_name:j$,p_org_code:ao,phonebook_id:25992,bio:"jeffrey.w.kruk"}]},{id:425,code:ah,disp:"DAVINCI - Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging ",acronym:"DAVINCI",desc_short:"The DAVINCI probe will travel through the harsh Venus atmosphere, sampling the air, and returning measurements all the way to the surface. These measurements are crucial to understanding the origin of the Venus atmosphere, how it has evolved, and how and why it is different from Earth and Mars. DAVINCI’s measurements will reveal the history of water on Venus, and the chemical processes at work in the completely unexplored lower atmosphere. Before it reaches the surface, the DAVINCI probe will take the first ever images of the intriguing ridged terrain called “tesserae” to explore its origin and tectonic, volcanic, and weathering history. ",desc:a,url_home:"https:\u002F\u002Fssed.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fdavinci\u002F",url_epo:a,url_staff:"https:\u002F\u002Fssed.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fdavinci\u002Fteam",org_codes:z,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002Fdavincinadirprobealpha.jpg",image_alt:"During its 63-minute descent, DAVINCI would collect and return measurements of Venus’ atmospheric composition.",status:jY,instruments:[],staff:[{role_disp:"Deputy PEL for VMS",org_code:a,uupic:"736130541",prx_first_name:a,prx_last_name:a,prx_mid_name:a,pb_last_name:"Trainer",pb_first_name:"Melissa",pb_mid_name:"Grady",p_org_code:bO,phonebook_id:16507,bio:"melissa.trainer"},{role_disp:"Principal Systems Engineer",org_code:z,uupic:"736461843",prx_first_name:bQ,prx_last_name:ka,prx_mid_name:bm,pb_last_name:ka,pb_first_name:bQ,pb_mid_name:bm,p_org_code:"599",phonebook_id:71295,bio:"michael.sekerak"},{role_disp:cC,org_code:z,uupic:ju,prx_first_name:jv,prx_last_name:jw,prx_mid_name:az,pb_last_name:jx,pb_first_name:bm,pb_mid_name:az,p_org_code:P,phonebook_id:jy,bio:jz},{role_disp:kb,org_code:z,uupic:"510667916",prx_first_name:kc,prx_last_name:"Getty",prx_mid_name:av,pb_last_name:"Getty (she\u002Fher)",pb_first_name:kc,pb_mid_name:av,p_org_code:z,phonebook_id:11381,bio:"stephanie.a.getty"},{role_disp:kb,org_code:z,uupic:"363266806",prx_first_name:kd,prx_last_name:"Arney",prx_mid_name:cD,pb_last_name:"Arney (she\u002Fher)",pb_first_name:kd,pb_mid_name:cD,p_org_code:aZ,phonebook_id:61941,bio:"giada.n.arney"},{role_disp:fi,org_code:z,uupic:"139467435",prx_first_name:bS,prx_last_name:ke,prx_mid_name:kf,pb_last_name:ke,pb_first_name:bS,pb_mid_name:kf,p_org_code:"430",phonebook_id:3059,bio:"kenneth.o.schwer"},{role_disp:aw,org_code:z,uupic:"271749025",prx_first_name:fj,prx_last_name:fk,prx_mid_name:"Mia",pb_last_name:fk,pb_first_name:fj,pb_mid_name:aG,p_org_code:Q,phonebook_id:6077,bio:"natasha.m.johnson"},{role_disp:cA,org_code:z,uupic:"247373304",prx_first_name:kg,prx_last_name:kh,prx_mid_name:cD,pb_last_name:kh,pb_first_name:kg,pb_mid_name:b,p_org_code:Q,phonebook_id:50270,bio:"erika.kohler"}]},{id:ki,code:ah,disp:kj,acronym:kk,desc_short:"The Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2, or ICESat-2, measures the height of a changing Earth, one laser pulse at a time, 10,000 laser pulses a second. Launched September 15, 2018, ICESat-2 carries a photon-counting laser altimeter that allows scientists to measure the elevation of ice sheets, glaciers, sea ice and more - all in unprecedented detail.",desc:a,url_home:"https:\u002F\u002Ficesat-2.gsfc.nasa.gov",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:aJ,launch_year:eQ,launch_month:bY,launch_day:fl,image:kl,image_alt:km,status:A,instruments:[],staff:[{role_disp:jg,org_code:aJ,uupic:"789242821",prx_first_name:fm,prx_last_name:kn,prx_mid_name:ec,pb_last_name:kn,pb_first_name:fm,pb_mid_name:b,p_org_code:bf,phonebook_id:17711,bio:"stephen.t.holland"},{role_disp:"Receiver Algorithms Lead",org_code:aJ,uupic:"335043750",prx_first_name:ko,prx_last_name:kp,prx_mid_name:"L friskey",pb_last_name:kp,pb_first_name:ko,pb_mid_name:"L Friskey",p_org_code:aY,phonebook_id:7451,bio:"jan.f.mcgarry"},{role_disp:"Senior Support Scientist",org_code:aJ,uupic:"689265252",prx_first_name:cE,prx_last_name:kq,prx_mid_name:az,pb_last_name:kq,pb_first_name:cE,pb_mid_name:az,p_org_code:aY,phonebook_id:15448,bio:"scott.b.luthcke"},{role_disp:"Calibration Team Member",org_code:aJ,uupic:iZ,prx_first_name:i_,prx_last_name:i$,prx_mid_name:a,pb_last_name:ja,pb_first_name:jb,pb_mid_name:eJ,p_org_code:f,phonebook_id:jc,bio:jd},{role_disp:"Sr. Test Systems Engineer",org_code:aJ,uupic:"293764334",prx_first_name:kr,prx_last_name:ks,prx_mid_name:kt,pb_last_name:ks,pb_first_name:kr,pb_mid_name:kt,p_org_code:"592",phonebook_id:24881,bio:"henock.a.legesse"},{role_disp:aw,org_code:aJ,uupic:"449268130",prx_first_name:fn,prx_last_name:jD,prx_mid_name:"ALLEN",pb_last_name:jE,pb_first_name:ax,pb_mid_name:"Allen",p_org_code:U,phonebook_id:9981,bio:"thomas.neumann"},{role_disp:cA,org_code:aJ,uupic:"396737660",prx_first_name:fo,prx_last_name:ku,prx_mid_name:cs,pb_last_name:ku,pb_first_name:fo,pb_mid_name:ec,p_org_code:bf,phonebook_id:8802,bio:"nathan.t.kurtz"},{role_disp:cb,org_code:aJ,uupic:"821646435",prx_first_name:"ANTHONY",prx_last_name:"MARTINO",prx_mid_name:a_,pb_last_name:"Martino",pb_first_name:"Anthony",pb_mid_name:a_,p_org_code:bf,phonebook_id:18434,bio:"anthony.j.martino"}]},{id:bh,code:ah,disp:"Hubble Space Telescope",acronym:"HST",desc_short:"The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a multi-instrument observatory that has dramatically changed humanity's understanding of the universe for over two decades, with dramatic images of stars, planets, and galaxies. Hubble orbits Earth; its position above the atmosphere, which distorts and reduces the light that reaches the surface, gives it a view of the universe that typically surpasses that of ground-based telescopes. HST's various instruments investigate the universe in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared portions of the spectrum. HST was deployed from the space shuttle Discovery on April 25, 1990. After that, the telescope underwent five servicing missions to repair or upgrade various instruments and systems. ",desc:a,url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.nasa.gov\u002Fmission_pages\u002Fhubble\u002Fmain\u002Findex.html",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:ap,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002Fhubble-600px.jpeg",image_alt:"photo of Hubble in space",status:A,instruments:[{id:206,disp:"Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph"},{id:207,disp:"Wide Field Camera 3 "}],staff:[{role_disp:aw,org_code:ap,uupic:"078773834",prx_first_name:"JENNIFER",prx_last_name:"WISEMAN",prx_mid_name:a_,pb_last_name:"Wiseman",pb_first_name:fp,pb_mid_name:a_,p_org_code:G,phonebook_id:1713,bio:"jennifer.j.wiseman"},{role_disp:iV,org_code:ap,uupic:jZ,prx_first_name:"KENNETH",prx_last_name:"CARPENTER",prx_mid_name:dn,pb_last_name:eh,pb_first_name:bS,pb_mid_name:dn,p_org_code:ap,phonebook_id:eg,bio:j_}]},{id:426,code:ah,disp:fh,acronym:a,desc_short:"Lucy will perform the first reconnaissance of the Jupiter Trojan asteroids, a large population of objects whose dark surfaces may be rich in organic materials. Trojans, which may have originated in the Kuiper belt, could hold vital clues to deciphering the history of the solar system. Lucy was launched in 2021. During its 12-year primary mission, Lucy will explore a record-breaking number of asteroids, flying by one main belt asteroid, and seven Trojans. No other space mission in history has been launched to as many different destinations in independent orbits around our Sun.",desc:"The Lucy mission, will be the first reconnaissance of the Jupiter Trojans - objects that hold vital clues to deciphering the history of the Solar System. Taking advantage of a fortuitous orbital configuration, Lucy will perform an exhaustive landmark investigation that visits six of these primitive asteroids, covering both the L4 and L5 swarms, all the known taxonomic types, the largest remnant of the only known Trojan disruptive collisional family and a nearly equal mass binary. It will use a suite of high-heritage remote sensing instruments to map the geology, surface color and composition, thermal and other physical properties of its targets at close range. Thus, Lucy, like the human fossil for which it is named, will revolutionize the understanding of our origins.\t\t\t",url_home:"https:\u002F\u002Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov\u002Fmissions\u002Flucy\u002Fin-depth\u002F",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:dE,launch_year:eI,launch_month:"10",launch_day:dF,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002FLucy-artist-conception.jpg",image_alt:" An artist’s conception of the Lucy spacecraft flying by the Trojan Eurybates - Credits: SwRI and SSL\u002FPeter Rubin",status:A,instruments:[{id:457,disp:"L'Ralph"}],staff:[{role_disp:cC,org_code:dE,uupic:b,prx_first_name:"Hal",prx_last_name:"Levison",prx_mid_name:a,pb_last_name:a,pb_first_name:a,pb_mid_name:a,p_org_code:a,phonebook_id:a,bio:a},{role_disp:aw,org_code:dE,uupic:"794680942",prx_first_name:"KEITH",prx_last_name:"NOLL",prx_mid_name:kv,pb_last_name:"Noll",pb_first_name:ie,pb_mid_name:bP,p_org_code:aZ,phonebook_id:17816,bio:"keith.s.noll"},{role_disp:kw,org_code:dE,uupic:e_,prx_first_name:e$,prx_last_name:fa,prx_mid_name:a,pb_last_name:fb,pb_first_name:dC,pb_mid_name:aq,p_org_code:aZ,phonebook_id:fc,bio:fd}]}],alphabeticalMissions:{recordCount:289,alphabet:[{letter:D,count:bd},{letter:el,count:m},{letter:em,count:bj},{letter:en,count:E},{letter:eo,count:E},{letter:ep,count:B},{letter:eq,count:be},{letter:er,count:bo},{letter:es,count:ab},{letter:et,count:B},{letter:eu,count:d},{letter:ev,count:bd},{letter:ew,count:ac},{letter:dx,count:be},{letter:ex,count:M},{letter:ey,count:aA},{letter:ez,count:c},{letter:eA,count:x},{letter:eB,count:kx},{letter:eC,count:be},{letter:eD,count:d},{letter:eE,count:ac},{letter:eF,count:y},{letter:eG,count:C},{letter:H,count:d},{letter:eH,count:d}],records:[{id:ky,code:ad,disp:kz,acronym:"CRIS",desc_short:"The Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer (CRIS) measures the abundances of galactic cosmic ray isotopes.\r\n",desc:"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer (CRIS) on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft is intended to be a major step in ascertaining the isotopic composition of the cosmic rays and hence a major step in determining their origin. The GCRs consist, by number, primarily of hydrogen nuclei (~92%) and He nuclei (~7%). The heavier nuclei (1%) provide most of the information about cosmic-ray origin through their elemental and isotopic composition. The intensities of these heavy cosmic rays are very low and progress in the past has been impeded by limited particle collection power, particularly regarding individual isotopes. CRIS is designed to have far greater collection power (~250 cm?-sr) than previous satellite instruments (\u003C 10 cm?-sr) while still maintaining excellent isotopic resolution up through Z=30 (Zinc) and beyond. \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t",url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.srl.caltech.edu\u002FACE\u002FCRIS_SIS\u002Fcris.html",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:co,launch_year:fq,launch_month:ba,launch_day:dy,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002Face_cris_thumb1.gif",image_alt:"ACE CRIS Instrument image",status:A,status_display:S,class:[{project_class_type_code:aQ,project_class_type_disp:aR,project_class_type_desc:aS,last_update_date:ae,last_update_user:Y}],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:kA,code:ad,disp:kB,acronym:"SIS",desc_short:"The Solar Isotope Spectrometer provides isotopically resolved measurements of the elements from lithium to zinc over the energy range 10 - 100 MeV\u002Fnucleon. The SIS dectector system consists of two identical telescopes composed of stacks of large-area solid-state detectors.\r\n",desc:a,url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Fhelios.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Face\u002Fsis.html",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:co,launch_year:fq,launch_month:ba,launch_day:dy,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002Face_sis_thumb1.gif",image_alt:"ACE SIS Instrument image",status:A,status_display:S,class:[{project_class_type_code:aQ,project_class_type_disp:aR,project_class_type_desc:aS,last_update_date:ae,last_update_user:Y}],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:ac,code:ah,disp:"Advanced Composition Explorer",acronym:"ACE",desc_short:"The Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) studies energetic particles from the sun as well as sources within and outside our galaxy. ACE observations contribute to our understanding of the formation and evolution of the solar system as well as the astrophysical processes involved. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center provided detectors and telescopes for several of ACE's instruments. The mission launched in 1997. ",desc:a,url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.srl.caltech.edu\u002FACE",url_epo:a,url_staff:"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.srl.caltech.edu\u002FACE\u002Face_personnel.html",org_codes:kC,launch_year:fq,launch_month:ba,launch_day:dy,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002Face_stamp.gif",image_alt:"ace 100 image",status:A,status_display:S,class:[],instruments:[{id:ky,disp:kz},{id:kA,disp:kB}],staff:[{role_disp:aw,org_code:kC,uupic:"305377261",prx_first_name:"ERIC",prx_last_name:"CHRISTIAN",prx_mid_name:cr,pb_last_name:kD,pb_first_name:cF,pb_mid_name:cr,p_org_code:co,phonebook_id:6792,bio:"eric.r.christian"}]},{id:603,code:ah,disp:"Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System",acronym:"ATLAS",desc_short:"ICESat-2 carries a single instrument – the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System, or ATLAS. Like the altimeter on the first ICESat mission, ATLAS measures the travel times of laser pulses to calculate the distance between the spacecraft and Earth’s surface. ATLAS features new technologies that allow it to collect a more detailed, precise picture of the heights of the planet’s ice, vegetation, land surface, water and clouds. As it orbits over the poles, ATLAS has three major tasks: Send pulses of laser light to the ground, collect the returning photons in a telescope, and record the photon travel time. ",desc:a,url_home:"https:\u002F\u002Ficesat-2.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fspace-lasers",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:bf,launch_year:eQ,launch_month:bY,launch_day:fl,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002FScreen Shot 2023-02-09 at 10.30.59 AM.png",image_alt:"Photo of lasers and optics of the ATLAS instrument fixed into place on a flat bench structure",status:A,status_display:S,class:[{project_class_type_code:aQ,project_class_type_disp:aR,project_class_type_desc:aS,last_update_date:ae,last_update_user:Y}],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:aK,code:ah,disp:"Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere",acronym:"AIM",desc_short:"The AIM satellite mission is designed to explore Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs), also called noctilucent clouds, to find out why they form and why they are changing. ",desc:a,url_home:"https:\u002F\u002Faim.hamptonu.edu\u002F",url_epo:"https:\u002F\u002Fscience.nasa.gov\u002Fmission\u002Faim\u002F",url_staff:a,org_codes:kE,launch_year:"2007",launch_month:kF,launch_day:iS,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002Faim-sm.jpg",image_alt:"Artist's concept of AIM in orbit",status:A,status_display:S,class:[{project_class_type_code:kG,project_class_type_disp:dG,project_class_type_desc:dG,last_update_date:ae,last_update_user:Y}],instruments:[],staff:[{role_disp:aw,org_code:kE,uupic:"383272222",prx_first_name:kH,prx_last_name:kI,prx_mid_name:a,pb_last_name:kI,pb_first_name:kH,pb_mid_name:b,p_org_code:df,phonebook_id:8505,bio:"diego.janches"}]},{id:fr,code:ad,disp:kJ,acronym:kK,desc_short:"The AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) program is a federation of ground-based remote sensing aerosol networks established by NASA and PHOTONS (PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire; Univ. of Lille 1, CNES, and CNRS-INSU) and is greatly expanded by networks (e.g., RIMA, AeroSpan, AEROCAN, and CARSNET) and collaborators from national agencies, institutes, universities, individual scientists, and partners. The program provides a long-term, continuous and readily accessible public domain database of aerosol optical, microphysical and radiative properties for aerosol research and characterization, validation of satellite retrievals, and synergism with other databases. The network imposes standardization of instruments, calibration, processing and distribution. ",desc:a,url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Faeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002F",url_epo:a,url_staff:"http:\u002F\u002Faeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fnew_web\u002Fcontacts.html",org_codes:f,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:kL,image_alt:kM,status:A,status_display:S,class:[{project_class_type_code:aQ,project_class_type_disp:aR,project_class_type_desc:aS,last_update_date:ae,last_update_user:Y}],instruments:[],staff:[{role_disp:cC,org_code:f,uupic:"927454044",prx_first_name:"BRENT",prx_last_name:"HOLBEN",prx_mid_name:w,pb_last_name:"Holben",pb_first_name:"Brent",pb_mid_name:w,p_org_code:f,phonebook_id:20793,bio:"brent.n.holben"}]},{id:531,code:ad,disp:"Aerosol, Cloud, Humidity, Interactions Exploring and Validating Enterprise",acronym:"ACHIEVE",desc_short:"Accurate retrievals of aerosol and cloud properties from space-borne sensors have been achieved with certain degrees of confidence. One of the most difficult tasks remaining to be resolved is when aerosols and clouds co-exist and interact with each other. ",desc:a,url_home:"https:\u002F\u002Fearth.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fclimate\u002Finstruments\u002Fachieve",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:Z,launch_year:"2013",launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002FACHIEVE12.jpg",image_alt:"Photo of ACHIEVE mobile laboratory",status:A,status_display:S,class:[{project_class_type_code:aQ,project_class_type_disp:aR,project_class_type_desc:aS,last_update_date:ae,last_update_user:Y}],instruments:[],staff:[{role_disp:cC,org_code:Z,uupic:"589655963",prx_first_name:"SI-CHEE",prx_last_name:"TSAY",prx_mid_name:a,pb_last_name:"Tsay",pb_first_name:"Si-Chee",pb_mid_name:b,p_org_code:Z,phonebook_id:13227,bio:"si-chee.tsay-1"}]},{id:631,code:ad,disp:"Airborne and Satellite Investigation of Asian Air Quality",acronym:"ASIA-AQ",desc_short:"ASIA-AQ is an opportunity for international collaboration, working with local partners to apply multi-perspective observations in a consistent strategy across interested Asian countries to improve both specific understanding of local air quality issues and general understanding of common challenges in the interpretation of satellite observations and modeling of air quality. ",desc:"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\tASIA-AQ is an opportunity for international collaboration, working with local partners to apply multi-perspective observations in a consistent strategy across interested Asian countries to improve both specific understanding of local air quality issues and general understanding of common challenges in the interpretation of satellite observations and modeling of air quality. \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t",url_home:"https:\u002F\u002Fespo.nasa.gov\u002Fasia-aq\u002Fcontent\u002FASIA-AQ",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:"614,610.1",launch_year:"2024",launch_month:kN,launch_day:a,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002FASIA-AQ Logo_NB.png",image_alt:"Image of the ASIA-AQ campaign logo",status:A,status_display:S,class:[{project_class_type_code:fs,project_class_type_disp:ft,project_class_type_desc:fu,last_update_date:ae,last_update_user:Y}],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:336,code:ad,disp:"Airborne Earth Science Microwave Imaging Radiometer ",acronym:"AESMIR",desc_short:"The Airborne Earth Science Microwave Imaging Radiometer (AESMIR) is a passive microwave airborne imager covering the 6-100 GHz bands that are essential for observing key Earth System elements such as precipitation, snow, soil moisture, ocean winds, sea ice, sea surface temperature, vegetation, etc. ",desc:a,url_home:"https:\u002F\u002Fairbornescience.nasa.gov\u002Finstrument\u002FAESMIR",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:as,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002F4-Figure2-1.png",image_alt:"Closeup exterior view of AESMIR instrument. ",status:A,status_display:S,class:[{project_class_type_code:aQ,project_class_type_disp:aR,project_class_type_desc:aS,last_update_date:ae,last_update_user:Y}],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:606,code:ad,disp:"Apache Point Observatory",acronym:a,desc_short:"The Apache Point Lunar Laser Ranging Station utilizes the Astrophysical Research Consortium 3.5-meter telescope at the Apache Point Observatory in Sunspot, New Mexico. The large collecting area of the Apache Point 3.5 m diameter telescope, good atmospheric conditions at the site, and the efficient avalanche photodiode arrays used by the station result in a high-detection rate (even multiple detections per laser pulse) leading to millimeter-level range precision. ",desc:a,url_home:"https:\u002F\u002Fspace-geodesy.nasa.gov\u002FNSGN\u002Fsites\u002FApache_Point\u002FApache_Point.html",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:cG,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002FAPO_Sky_560w.jpg",image_alt:"Lunar Laser Ranging at Apache Point Observatory, credit Dan Long, APO",status:A,status_display:S,class:[],instruments:[],staff:[{role_disp:bb,org_code:cG,uupic:"330550701",prx_first_name:kO,prx_last_name:kP,prx_mid_name:a,pb_last_name:kP,pb_first_name:kO,pb_mid_name:b,p_org_code:bN,phonebook_id:90084,bio:"vishnu.viswanathan"},{role_disp:bb,org_code:cG,uupic:"473385385",prx_first_name:kQ,prx_last_name:kR,prx_mid_name:fv,pb_last_name:kR,pb_first_name:kQ,pb_mid_name:fv,p_org_code:aY,phonebook_id:106568,bio:"nicholas.r.colmenares"},{role_disp:fi,org_code:cG,uupic:"219052450",prx_first_name:kv,prx_last_name:"MERKOWITZ",prx_mid_name:aG,pb_last_name:"Merkowitz",pb_first_name:fm,pb_mid_name:aG,p_org_code:aY,phonebook_id:4887,bio:"stephen.m.merkowitz"},{role_disp:cb,org_code:cG,uupic:"916999520",prx_first_name:"EVAN",prx_last_name:"HOFFMAN",prx_mid_name:"DEREK",pb_last_name:"Hoffman",pb_first_name:"Evan",pb_mid_name:"Derek",p_org_code:aY,phonebook_id:20559,bio:"evan.d.hoffman"}]},{id:m,code:ah,disp:"Aqua",acronym:a,desc_short:"Aqua, Latin for water, is a NASA satellite mission designed to collect information about Earth's water cycle and other aspects of the Earth system. Aqua's six instruments collect a variety of global data on ocean evaporation, atmospheric water vapor, clouds, precipitation, soil moisture, sea ice, land ice, and snow cover on the land and ice. Additional variables that Aqua measures include radiative energy fluxes; aerosols; vegetation cover on the land; phytoplankton and dissolved organic matter in the oceans; and air, land, and water temperatures. Aqua was launched on May 4, 2002.\r\n",desc:a,url_home:"https:\u002F\u002Faqua.nasa.gov\u002F",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:fw,launch_year:"2002",launch_month:kS,launch_day:kF,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002FAqua_sea_ice_image_0.jpg",image_alt:"Artist's conception of Aqua Satellite in orbit",status:A,status_display:S,class:[{project_class_type_code:kG,project_class_type_disp:dG,project_class_type_desc:dG,last_update_date:ae,last_update_user:Y}],instruments:[],staff:[{role_disp:aw,org_code:fw,uupic:"164725423",prx_first_name:"LAZAROS",prx_last_name:"ORAIOPOULOS",prx_mid_name:a,pb_last_name:"Oreopoulos",pb_first_name:"Lazaros",pb_mid_name:b,p_org_code:Z,phonebook_id:3675,bio:"lazaros.oraiopoulos-1"},{role_disp:cA,org_code:fw,uupic:"827429721",prx_first_name:kT,prx_last_name:"Mcpartland",prx_mid_name:cD,pb_last_name:"Boisvert",pb_first_name:kT,pb_mid_name:a,p_org_code:bf,phonebook_id:18553,bio:"linette.n.boisvert"},{role_disp:kw,org_code:a,uupic:"875360063",prx_first_name:a,prx_last_name:a,prx_mid_name:a,pb_last_name:"Román",pb_first_name:kU,pb_mid_name:"O.",p_org_code:U,phonebook_id:19669,bio:"miguel.o.roman"}]},{id:247,code:ad,disp:"Arctic Mars Analogue Svalbard Expedition",acronym:"AMASE",desc_short:"AMASE has established Svalbard as a test bed for life-detection technology that will be used on future NASA and ESA 'Search for Life' mission to Mars.",desc:"Since 2003 the Arctic Mars Analogue Svalbard Expedition (AMASE) has been traveling to field sites on Svalbard to test the protocols, procedures and equipment needed to detect traces of organic chemistry and perhaps life on Mars. The AMASE crew over the years has consisted of over a hundred scientists and engineers from institutions around the world.",url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Fonorbit.com\u002FAMASE",url_epo:"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.planetary.org\u002Fexplore\u002Ftopics\u002Fplanetary_analogs\u002Fsvalbard_2009.html",url_staff:a,org_codes:bO,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002Famase.jpg",image_alt:"AMASE logo",status:A,status_display:S,class:[{project_class_type_code:fs,project_class_type_disp:ft,project_class_type_desc:fu,last_update_date:ae,last_update_user:Y}],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:415,code:ad,disp:"Arctic- Boreal Vulnerability Experiment",acronym:"ABoVE",desc_short:"Climate change in the Arctic and Boreal region is unfolding faster than anywhere else on Earth, resulting in reduced Arctic sea ice, thawing of permafrost soils, decomposition of long- frozen organic matter, widespread changes to lakes, rivers, coastlines, and alterations of ecosystem structure and function. NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program is conducting a major field campaign, the Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE), in Alaska and western Canada, for 8 to 10 years, starting in 2015. ABoVE seeks a better understanding of the vulnerability and resilience of ecosystems and society to this changing environment. ",desc:a,url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Fabove.nasa.gov\u002F",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:kV,launch_year:kW,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002FABoVE logo.png",image_alt:"ABoVE logo",status:A,status_display:S,class:[{project_class_type_code:fs,project_class_type_disp:ft,project_class_type_desc:fu,last_update_date:ae,last_update_user:Y}],instruments:[],staff:[{role_disp:fi,org_code:kV,uupic:"099053224",prx_first_name:dk,prx_last_name:kX,prx_mid_name:aq,pb_last_name:kX,pb_first_name:dk,pb_mid_name:aq,p_org_code:f,phonebook_id:2150,bio:"peter.c.griffith"}]},{id:626,code:ad,disp:"Arecibo Legacy Data",acronym:a,desc_short:"NSSDCA maintains the data archive of the planetary data collected by the Arecibo radar facility from 1997 to 2020. ",desc:a,url_home:"https:\u002F\u002Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002Fnmc\u002Fdataset\u002Fdisplay.action?id=PSSB-03668",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:d_,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002Farecibo.jpg",image_alt:"A black and white photo of the Arecibo Observatory",status:A,status_display:S,class:[{project_class_type_code:"data",project_class_type_disp:kY,project_class_type_desc:kY,last_update_date:fx,last_update_user:Y}],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:kZ,code:ad,disp:"Astrobiology Analytical Laboratory",acronym:a,desc_short:"The Astrobiology Analytical Laboratory is dedicated to the study of organic compounds derived from Stardust and future sample return missions, meteorites, lab simulations of Mars, interstellar, proto-planetary, and cometary ices and grains, and instrument development.\r\n",desc:"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Astrobiology Analytical Laboratory is dedicated to the study of organic compounds derived from Stardust and future sample return missions, meteorites, lab simulations of Mars, interstellar, proto-planetary, and cometary ices and grains, and instrument development.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t",url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Fscience.gsfc.nasa.gov\u002F691\u002Fanalytical\u002F",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:Q,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002FAAL_logo_2023-small.png",image_alt:"Astrobiology Analytical Lab logo with asteroid and beakers",status:A,status_display:S,class:[{project_class_type_code:k_,project_class_type_disp:dH,project_class_type_desc:dH,last_update_date:fx,last_update_user:Y}],instruments:[],staff:[{role_disp:bc,org_code:Q,uupic:"430920463",prx_first_name:k$,prx_last_name:la,prx_mid_name:cD,pb_last_name:la,pb_first_name:k$,pb_mid_name:b,p_org_code:Q,phonebook_id:47321,bio:"danielle.n.simkus"},{role_disp:bc,org_code:Q,uupic:eS,prx_first_name:eT,prx_last_name:eU,prx_mid_name:cB,pb_last_name:eV,pb_first_name:eW,pb_mid_name:b,p_org_code:z,phonebook_id:eX,bio:eY},{role_disp:bc,org_code:Q,uupic:jG,prx_first_name:jH,prx_last_name:jI,prx_mid_name:aC,pb_last_name:jJ,pb_first_name:ff,pb_mid_name:aC,p_org_code:z,phonebook_id:jK,bio:jL},{role_disp:bc,org_code:Q,uupic:"489876344",prx_first_name:lb,prx_last_name:lc,prx_mid_name:ld,pb_last_name:lc,pb_first_name:lb,pb_mid_name:ld,p_org_code:Q,phonebook_id:51254,bio:"heather.v.graham"},{role_disp:bc,org_code:Q,uupic:jk,prx_first_name:jl,prx_last_name:jm,prx_mid_name:eR,pb_last_name:jn,pb_first_name:jo,pb_mid_name:aI,p_org_code:Q,phonebook_id:jp,bio:jq},{role_disp:bc,org_code:Q,uupic:"186653542",prx_first_name:dD,prx_last_name:le,prx_mid_name:bR,pb_last_name:le,pb_first_name:dD,pb_mid_name:bR,p_org_code:Q,phonebook_id:52209,bio:"hannah.l.mclain"},{role_disp:bc,org_code:Q,uupic:"718597464",prx_first_name:cF,prx_last_name:lf,prx_mid_name:ax,pb_last_name:lf,pb_first_name:cF,pb_mid_name:cH,p_org_code:Q,phonebook_id:43515,bio:"eric.t.parker"},{role_disp:cC,org_code:Q,uupic:jP,prx_first_name:jQ,prx_last_name:jR,prx_mid_name:jS,pb_last_name:jT,pb_first_name:di,pb_mid_name:aC,p_org_code:z,phonebook_id:jU,bio:jV}]},{id:665,code:ah,disp:lg,acronym:a,desc_short:"ASTROSAT is a multi-wavelength astronomy mission on an IRS-class satellite in a 650-km, near-equatorial orbit. ",desc:a,url_home:"http:\u002F\u002Fastrosat-ssc.iucaa.in",url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:G,launch_year:kW,launch_month:bY,launch_day:lh,image:"images\u002Fmission_thumbs\u002FAstrosat_SCI.png",image_alt:lg,status:A,status_display:S,class:[],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:290,code:ad,disp:"Atmospheric Lidar for Validation, Interagency Collaboration and Education",acronym:"ALVICE",desc_short:"ALVICE (Atmospheric Lidar for Validation, Interagency Collaboration and Education) is a ground based mobile lidar that is a roving transfer standard within the Network for the Detection for Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). The lidar measurements are water vapor mixing ratio, aerosol backscatter, extinction, depolarization, cloud liquid and ice water and rotational Raman temperature measurements. In addition to these lidar-based measurements additional equipment is carried in the trailer to provide balloon borne measurements (Vaisala RS-92 and Cryogenic Frostpoint hygrometer), surface reference measurements of pressure, temperature and RH as well as total column water using GPS. ",desc:a,url_home:a,url_epo:a,url_staff:a,org_codes:dc,launch_year:a,launch_month:a,launch_day:a,image:a,image_alt:a,status:A,status_display:S,class:[],instruments:[],staff:[]},{id:276,code:ad,disp:"Atmospheric Pressure Sounder",acronym:a,desc_short:"The long-term goal of this activity is to demonstrate the feasibility of a laser sounder instrument capable of measuring the surface-pressure field for the entire air column from satellite-to-ground with global coverage. The earth's surface pressure is a vital component of a variety of important scientific measurements, which are being undertaken at Goddard. Accurate knowledge of the surface pressure can enable calibration of 2-D measurements of CO2 content in the atmosphere and greatly improve the fidelity of surface water redistribution measurements from time-varying gravity fields. It is also important in weather prediction and atmospheric modeling. 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