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PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9566326/Differences_in_the_Tumor_Microenvironment_between_African_American_and_European_American_Breast_Cancer_Patients"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="79893777" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79893777/Racial_disparity_in_breast_cancer_can_it_be_mattered_for_prognosis_and_therapy">Racial disparity in breast cancer: can it be mattered for prognosis and therapy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="74554" href="https://kumc.academia.edu/SushantaBanerjee">Sushanta Banerjee</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of cell communication and signaling, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Breast cancer (BC) has emerged as a deadly disease that affects the lives of millions of women worldwide. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Advancements in BC screening, preventive measures and treatment have resulted in significant decline in BC related deaths. However, unacceptable levels of racial disparity have been consistently reported, especially in African-American (AA) women compared to European American (EA). AA women go through worse prognosis, shorter survival time and higher mortality rates, despite higher cancer incidence reported in EA. These disparities are independent of socioeconomic status, access to healthcare or age, or even the stage of BC. Recent race-specific genetic and epigenetic studies have reported biological causes, which form the crux of this review. However, the developments are just the tip of the iceberg. Prioritizing primary research towards studying race-specific tumor microenvironment and biological com...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Racial disparity in breast cancer: can it be mattered for prognosis and therapy","attachmentId":86455839,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79893777/Racial_disparity_in_breast_cancer_can_it_be_mattered_for_prognosis_and_therapy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79893777/Racial_disparity_in_breast_cancer_can_it_be_mattered_for_prognosis_and_therapy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="66704603" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66704603/Metastatic_progression_and_gene_expression_between_breast_cancer_cell_lines_from_African_American_and_Caucasian_women">Metastatic progression and gene expression between breast cancer cell lines from African American and Caucasian women</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="138105716" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JettMarti">Marti Jett</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Carcinogenesis, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Metastatic progression and gene expression between breast cancer cell lines from African American and Caucasian women","attachmentId":77793735,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/66704603/Metastatic_progression_and_gene_expression_between_breast_cancer_cell_lines_from_African_American_and_Caucasian_women","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/66704603/Metastatic_progression_and_gene_expression_between_breast_cancer_cell_lines_from_African_American_and_Caucasian_women"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="70598113" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70598113/Construction_and_Validation_of_a_Multi_Institutional_Tissue_Microarray_of_Breast_Cancer_From_Diverse_Populations">Construction and Validation of a Multi-Institutional Tissue Microarray of Breast Cancer From Diverse Populations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44731825" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EcheverriMargarita">Margarita Echeverri</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background—The scarcity of tissues from racial and ethnic minorities at biobanks poses a scientific constraint to research addressing health disparities in minority populations. Methods—To address this gap, the Minority Biospecimen/Biobanking Geographic Management Program for region 3 (BMaP-3) established a working infrastructure for a “biobanking” hub in the southeastern United States and Puerto Rico. Herein we describe the steps taken to build this infrastructure, evaluate the feasibility of collecting formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks and associated data from a single cancer type (breast), and create a web-based database and tissue microarrays (TMAs). Results—Cancer registry data from 6 partner institutions were collected, representing 12,408 entries from 8,279 unique patients with breast cancer (years 2001–2011). Data were harmonized and merged, and deidentified information was made available online. A TMA was constructed Address correspondence to Teresita Muñoz-An...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Construction and Validation of a Multi-Institutional Tissue Microarray of Breast Cancer From Diverse Populations","attachmentId":80283311,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/70598113/Construction_and_Validation_of_a_Multi_Institutional_Tissue_Microarray_of_Breast_Cancer_From_Diverse_Populations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/70598113/Construction_and_Validation_of_a_Multi_Institutional_Tissue_Microarray_of_Breast_Cancer_From_Diverse_Populations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="26928867" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26928867/Plasma_Biomarker_Profiles_Differ_Depending_on_Breast_Cancer_Subtype_but_RANTES_Is_Consistently_Increased">Plasma Biomarker Profiles Differ Depending on Breast Cancer Subtype but RANTES Is Consistently Increased</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50942453" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RachelGonzalez6">Rachel Gonzalez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Plasma Biomarker Profiles Differ Depending on Breast Cancer Subtype but RANTES Is Consistently Increased","attachmentId":47192963,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26928867/Plasma_Biomarker_Profiles_Differ_Depending_on_Breast_Cancer_Subtype_but_RANTES_Is_Consistently_Increased","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26928867/Plasma_Biomarker_Profiles_Differ_Depending_on_Breast_Cancer_Subtype_but_RANTES_Is_Consistently_Increased"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="16204763" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16204763/Differences_in_breast_carcinoma_characteristics_in_newly_diagnosed_African_American_and_Caucasian_patients">Differences in breast carcinoma characteristics in newly diagnosed African–American and Caucasian patients</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35314400" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaulinePark">Pauline Park</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cancer, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Differences in breast carcinoma characteristics in newly diagnosed African–American and Caucasian patients","attachmentId":42635475,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16204763/Differences_in_breast_carcinoma_characteristics_in_newly_diagnosed_African_American_and_Caucasian_patients","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16204763/Differences_in_breast_carcinoma_characteristics_in_newly_diagnosed_African_American_and_Caucasian_patients"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":119920347,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":119920347,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download 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