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searchaux" style="display:none">American politician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Felix Signoret</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">June 9, 1825<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 28, 1878<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Calvary_Cemetery,_East_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvary Cemetery, East Los Angeles">Calvary Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Hotelier, politician</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Felix Signoret</b> (1825–1878) was a member of the Common Council, the governing body of the city of Los Angeles, and also of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors in the 19th century. He was the leader of a vigilante gang that carried out a lynching of a reputed murderer in 1863. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Felix_Signoret&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Signoret was born in France on June 9, 1825, living in <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> before he came to the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Felix_Signoret&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Signoret built a new hotel at Main and Turner streets, north of Arcadia Street and "opposite the <a href="/wiki/Pico_House" title="Pico House">Pico House</a>," with a Mansard pitch in 1874.<sup id="cite_ref-Newmark_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newmark-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Signoret was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Common_Council" title="Los Angeles Common Council">Los Angeles Common Council</a>, the governing body of the city, serving from May 9, 1863, to May 5, 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also a member of the Los Angeles County <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Supervisors" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Supervisors">Board of Supervisors</a> in 1866.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lynching">Lynching</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Felix_Signoret&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lynching"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Signoret was the leader<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">lynching</a> take took place in Los Angeles, in 1863—that of "a Frenchman named Lachenais"—who was suspected of killing a neighbor, Jacob Bell.<sup id="cite_ref-Newmark_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newmark-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary writer <a href="/wiki/Harris_Newmark" title="Harris Newmark">Harris Newmark</a> recounted that: </p> <blockquote><p>A meeting at Stearn's Hall<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was largely attended; a <a href="/wiki/Vigilance_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Vigilance Committee">Vigilance Committee</a> was formed; Lachenais's record was reviewed and his death at the hands of an outraged committee was decided upon. Everything being arranged, three hundred or more armed men, under the leadership of Felix Signoret, ... assembled on the morning of December 17th, marched to the jail, overcame <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_F._Burns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James F. Burns (page does not exist)">Sheriff Burns</a> and his assistants, took Lachenais out, dragged him to the ... corner of Temple and New High streets ... and summarily hanged him.... The following January, County Judge <a href="/wiki/Ygnacio_Sepulveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ygnacio Sepulveda">Y. Sepulveda</a> charged the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Jury" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Jury">Grand Jury</a> to do its duty toward ferreting out the leaders of the mob, and so wipe out this reproach to the city; but the Grand Jury expressed the conviction that if the law had hitherto been faithfully executed in Los Angeles, such scenes in broad daylight would never have taken place.<sup id="cite_ref-Newmark_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newmark-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>An article by Steve Harvey in the San Diego edition of the <i>Los Angeles Times</i> on September 5, 1984, stated that Signoret "led a lynch mob that hanged five people in Los Angeles in 1869–70 in the aftermath of a murder resulting from 'offensive remarks (made) about the newly organized French Benevolent Society.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Felix_Signoret&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Signoret was married to Catherine Pagen, also of France. Their children were P. Josephine, Rose, Anna and Caroline, and possibly Louise and Felix P.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By trade he was a barber, later an apartment owner.<sup id="cite_ref-Newmark_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newmark-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Signorets bought a parcel of land at 125 Aliso Street<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1871 and built a "substantial brick house" about thirty feet wide with an area of nearly 1,800 square feet; the roof was "<a href="/wiki/Hip_roof" title="Hip roof">hipped</a> on all four sides in mimicry of the fashionable <a href="/wiki/Mansard" class="mw-redirect" title="Mansard">Mansard</a> shape. . . . By 1888 the Signorets . . . were long gone, and their genteel house was used as a <a href="/wiki/Brothel" title="Brothel">brothel</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Signoret died on July 28, 1878, and was buried in <a href="/wiki/Calvary_Cemetery,_East_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvary Cemetery, East Los Angeles">Calvary Cemetery, East Los Angeles</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_notes">References and notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Felix_Signoret&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References and notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Newmark-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Newmark_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newmark_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newmark_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newmark_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/sixtyyearsinsout00newmrich/sixtyyearsinsout00newmrich_djvu.txt">Harris Newmark, <i>Sixty Years in California , , , ,</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/161609478">Quoted in E.A. Brainstool, "Los Angeles in 1874," <i>Los Angeles Times,</i> April 8, 1924, page A-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/161257101">"Preferred Locals," <i>Los Angeles Times,</i> August 3, 1882, page 4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Chronological Record of Los Angeles City Officials,1850-1938,</i> compiled under direction of Municipal Reference Library, City Hall, Los Angeles (March 1938, reprinted 1966). "Prepared ... as a report on Project No. SA 3123-5703-6077-8121-9900 conducted under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a>."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527130558/http://file.lacounty.gov/lac/fsignoret.pdf">"Los Angeles County information sheet"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://file.lacounty.gov/lac/fsignoret.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2010-05-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Los+Angeles+County+information+sheet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffile.lacounty.gov%2Flac%2Ffsignoret.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFelix+Signoret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/161975063">E.A. Brininstool, "Historic Building Is Razed," <i>Los Angeles Times,</i> May 15, 1927, page H-1</a> This later account by a witness, J.J. Mellus, related that the leader was a Bill Harper. The story is also quoted at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://historylosangeles.blogspot.com/2010/02/lynching-of-lashenais.html">[1]</a> "The Lynching of Lashenais," February 1, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/assetserver/controller/view/CHS-7132">Photograph of the lynching</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">More information about this venue is at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://sites.google.com/site/downtownlosangelestheatres/main-street-theatres#TOC-Stearns-s-Hall">[2]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> "Historic Downtown Theatres."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/153938484">"Preview unavailable"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a></i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/153938484">153938484</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ProQuest&rft.atitle=Preview+unavailable&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F153938484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFelix+Signoret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.howardmcginnis.com/retrospect/index.php?m=family&id=I62477">Retrospect-GDS</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/165577121">"Mother of Felix McGinnis Dies Unaware of His Death," <i>Los Angeles Times,</i> April 16, 1945, page 9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geneablog.typepad.fr/geneablog/2008/03/los-angeles-far.html">"Los Angeles, 'Far Ouest' français?" Geneablog.org, March 20, 2008</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://projects.latimes.com/mapping-la/neighborhoods/neighborhood/downtown/?q=W+Aliso+St%2C+Los+Angeles%2C+CA+90012%2C+USA&lat=34.0557669&lng=-118.2409695&g=Geocodify">[3]</a> Location of Aliso Street on <i>Mapping L.A.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sonoma-dspace.calstate.edu/bitstream/handle/10211.1/800/Praetzellis_mangling.pdf?sequence=1">Mary Praetzellis, "Mangling Symbols of Gentility in the Wild West," <i>American Anthropologist,</i>103(3):645-654 (2001), with sources cited there</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Los_Angeles_Common_Council_(1850–1889)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Common_Council" title="Los Angeles Common Council">Los Angeles Common Council</a> (1850–1889)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200;"><div><b>Presidents:</b> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_W._Alexander" title="David W. Alexander">Alexander</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Requena" title="Manuel Requena">Requena</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Mellus" title="Francis Mellus">Mellus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Nichols" title="John G. Nichols">Nichols</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Drown" title="Ezra Drown">Drown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_F._Coronel" title="Antonio F. Coronel">Coronel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nehemiah_A._Potter" title="Nehemiah A. Potter">Potter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Stearns" title="Abel Stearns">Sterns</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Woodworth" title="Wallace Woodworth">Woodworth</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Huber_Sr." title="Joseph Huber Sr.">Huber</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Perry_(businessman)" title="William H. Perry (businessman)">Perry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Morrison" title="Murray Morrison">Morrison</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/John_King_(Los_Angeles_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John King (Los Angeles politician)">King</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/John_Jones_and_Doria_Deighton-Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="John Jones and Doria Deighton-Jones">Jones</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/H.K.S._O%27Melveny" class="mw-redirect" title="H.K.S. O'Melveny">O'Melveny</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sabichi" title="Frank Sabichi">Sabichi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Prudent_Beaudry" title="Prudent Beaudry">Beaudry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_A._MacDougall" title="Frederick A. MacDougall">MacDougall</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cohn_(politician)" title="Bernard Cohn (politician)">Cohn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Beck" title="Samuel J. Beck">Beck</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Lawlor" title="William B. Lawlor">Lawlor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Falles_Spence" title="Edward Falles Spence">Spence</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Moran" title="John P. Moran">Moran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott_Moore" title="Walter Scott Moore">Moore</a></li><li>Miles</li><li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Sinsabaugh" title="Hiram Sinsabaugh">Sinsabaugh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Newton_Breed" title="Levi Newton Breed">Breed</a></li><li>Humphreys</li><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Kuhrts" title="Jacob Kuhrts">Kuhrts</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Members <br /> (1850–1870)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cristobal_Aguilar" title="Cristobal Aguilar">Cristobal Aguilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_W._Alexander" title="David W. Alexander">David W. Alexander</a></li> <li>David Anderson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baldwin_(Los_Angeles_pioneer)" title="James Baldwin (Los Angeles pioneer)">James Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Baltz" title="Peter Baltz">Peter Baltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phineas_Banning" title="Phineas Banning">Phineas Banning</a></li> <li>John Barre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bayer" title="Joseph Bayer">Joseph Bayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bell_(California_merchant)" title="Alexander Bell (California merchant)">Alexander Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionisio_Botiller" title="Dionisio Botiller">Dionisio Botiller</a></li> <li>Leonicio Botiller</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narciso_Botello" title="Narciso Botello">Narciso Botello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_A._Boyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew A. Boyle">Andrew A. Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Carson" title="George Henry Carson">George Henry Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bradford_Caswell" title="Samuel Bradford Caswell">Samuel Bradford Caswell</a></li> <li>Caro W. Childs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozro_W._Childs" title="Ozro W. Childs">Ozro W. Childs</a></li> <li>T. B. Collins</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Franco_Coronel" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Franco Coronel">Antonio Franco Coronel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ygnacio_Coronel" title="Ygnacio Coronel">Ygnacio Coronel</a></li> <li>George Dalton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ygnacio_del_Valle" title="Ygnacio del Valle">Ygnacio del Valle</a></li> <li>Jose Maria Doporto</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_McKenzie_Dodson" title="Arthur McKenzie Dodson">Arthur McKenzie Dodson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gately_Downey" class="mw-redirect" title="John Gately Downey">John Gately Downey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Drown" title="Ezra Drown">Ezra Drown</a></li> <li>James Edwards</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Clark_Foster" title="Stephen Clark Foster">Stephen Clark Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Frohling" title="John Frohling">John Frohling</a></li> <li>Ira Gilchrist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_L._Goodman" title="Morris L. Goodman">Morris L. Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Goller" title="John Goller">John Goller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Granger" title="Lewis Granger">Lewis Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Strother_Griffin" title="John Strother Griffin">John Strother Griffin</a></li> <li>Joseph Lancaster Grant</li> <li>Jose Vicente Guerrero</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_A._Hoover" title="Vincent A. Hoover">Vincent A. Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_W._Hope" title="Alexander W. Hope">Alexander W. Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Huber_Sr." title="Joseph Huber Sr.">Joseph Huber Sr.</a></li> <li>Arnold Jacobi</li> <li>Charles H. Johnson</li> <li>John F. Jones</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_W._Jones" title="Wilson W. Jones">Wilson W. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Keller" title="Matthew Keller">Matthew Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_King_(Los_Angeles_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John King (Los Angeles politician)">John King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Lazard" title="Solomon Lazard">Solomon Lazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obed_Macy" title="Obed Macy">Obed Macy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damien_Marchesseault" title="Damien Marchesseault">Damien Marchesseault</a></li> <li>Luis B. Martinez</li> <li>Hiram McLaughlin</li> <li>Lewis Meinzer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Mellus" title="Francis Mellus">Francis Mellus</a></li> <li>Jacob Metzger</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Moore_(surveyor)" title="William Moore (surveyor)">William Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_L._and_Morris_Moritz" title="Julius L. and Morris Moritz">Moritz Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Morrison" title="Murray Morrison">Murray Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Moulton" title="Elijah Moulton">Elijah Moulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_R._Myles" title="Henry R. Myles">Henry R. Myles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myron_Norton" title="Myron Norton">Myron Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agustin_Olvera" class="mw-redirect" title="Agustin Olvera">Agustin Olvera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Perry_(Los_Angeles)" class="mw-redirect" title="William H. Perry (Los Angeles)">William H. Perry</a></li> <li>William H. Peterson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehemiah_A._Potter" title="Nehemiah A. Potter">Nehemiah A. Potter</a></li> <li>David M. Porter</li> <li>Augustine Poulain</li> <li>William R. Rand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Requena" title="Manuel Requena">Manuel Requena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whipple_Robinson" title="William Whipple Robinson">William Whipple Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Roeder" title="Louis Roeder">Louis Roeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomas_A._Sanchez" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomas A. Sanchez">Tomas A. Sanchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._B._Sanford" class="mw-redirect" title="William T. B. Sanford">William T. B. Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Schumacher_(Los_Angeles_pioneer)" title="John Schumacher (Los Angeles pioneer)">John Schumacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Mar%C3%ADa_Sep%C3%BAlveda" title="Juan María Sepúlveda">Juan María Sepúlveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sichel" title="Philip Sichel">Philip Sichel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Felix Signoret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Stearns" title="Abel Stearns">Abel Stearns</a></li> <li>Eli Taylor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Temple">Jonathan Temple</a></li> <li>John B. Thompson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Toberman" title="James R. Toberman">James R. Toberman</a></li> <li>John Turner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Ulyard" class="mw-redirect" title="August Ulyard">August Ulyard</a></li> <li>Juan C. Vejar</li> <li>Collins Wadhams</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wartenberg" title="Henry Wartenberg">Henry Wartenberg</a></li> <li>Jacob Weizel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ozias_Wheeler" title="John Ozias Wheeler">John Ozias Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_N._Whitman" title="George N. Whitman">George N. Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Davis_Wilson" title="Benjamin Davis Wilson">Benjamin Davis Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Brown_Winston" title="James Brown Winston">James Brown Winston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Woodworth" title="Wallace Woodworth">Wallace Woodworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geronimo_Ybarra" title="Geronimo Ybarra">Geronimo Ybarra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Wards <br /> (1870–1889)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">1st Ward</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julian_A._Chavez" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian A. Chavez">Julian A. Chavez</a></li> <li>Bernard Dubourdin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jones_and_Doria_Deighton-Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="John Jones and Doria Deighton-Jones">John Jones</a></li> <li>Thornton P. Campbell</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Macy" title="Oscar Macy">Oscar Macy</a></li> <li>Julian Valdes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mullaly" title="Joseph Mullaly">Joseph Mullaly</a></li> <li>George R. Long</li> <li>Jacob F. Gherkins</li> <li>Ramon R. Sotelo</li> <li>Joseph G. Carmona</li> <li>F. Tamiet</li> <li>B. Valle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayetano_Apablasa" title="Cayetano Apablasa">Cayetano Apablasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Hamilton" title="Ezra Hamilton">Ezra M. Hamilton</a></li> <li>Louis Meinzer</li> <li>John Schaeffer</li> <li>R. L. Beauchet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Norton_Monroe" class="mw-redirect" title="William Norton Monroe">William Norton Monroe</a></li> <li>J. G. Bower</li> <li>Clinton S. Scheiffelin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Schroeder" title="Charles W. Schroeder">Charles W. Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thomas_Lambie" title="William Thomas Lambie">William Thomas Lambie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Velsir" title="James Velsir">James Velsir</a></li> <li>Thomas Goss</li> <li>George L. Stearns</li> <li>Edward A. Gibbs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hanley_(California_politician)" title="James Hanley (California politician)">James Hanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newell_Mathews" title="Newell Mathews">Newell Mathews</a></li> <li>C. N. Earl</li> <li>George O. Ford</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">2nd Ward</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Ferguson_(Los_Angeles_pioneer)" title="William Ferguson (Los Angeles pioneer)">William Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Fall" title="George Fall">George Fall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Teed" title="Matthew Teed">Matthew Teed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prudent_Beaudry" title="Prudent Beaudry">Prudent Beaudry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Workman" title="William H. Workman">William H. Workman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Mascarel" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Mascarel">Jose Mascarel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Lichtenberger" title="Louis Lichtenberger">Louis Lichtenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Kuhrts" title="Jacob Kuhrts">Jacob Kuhrts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cohn_(politician)" title="Bernard Cohn (politician)">Bernard Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Potts" title="James W. Potts">James W. Potts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Hollenbeck" title="John Edward Hollenbeck">John Edward Hollenbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._C._Lips" title="C. C. Lips">C. C. Lips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Molony_(carriage_maker)" title="Richard Molony (carriage maker)">Richard Molony</a></li> <li>Jesse Houston Butler</li> <li>John Bobenreith</li> <li>H. Schumacher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Ballade" title="Pascal Ballade">Pascal Ballade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hammel_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Hammel (California)">Henry Hammel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_R._Day" title="Frank R. Day">Frank R. Day</a></li> <li>John Frederick Holbrook</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_V._Biscailuz" title="Martin V. Biscailuz">Martin V. Biscailuz</a></li> <li>Michael Thomas Collins</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Cuddy" title="Thomas J. Cuddy">Thomas J. Cuddy</a></li> <li>John Moriarty</li> <li>H. T. D. Wilson</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">3rd Ward</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sabichi" title="Frank Sabichi">Frank Sabichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dockweiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Dockweiler">Henry Dockweiler</a></li> <li>William S. Hammel Sr.</li> <li>John Osborn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_H._Workman" title="Elijah H. Workman">Elijah H. Workman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.K.S._O%27Melveny" class="mw-redirect" title="H.K.S. O'Melveny">H.K.S. O'Melveny</a></li> <li>William H. Dennison</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulogio_F._de_Celis" title="Eulogio F. de Celis">Eulogio F. de Celis</a></li> <li>William Osborn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Huber" title="Charles E. Huber">Charles E. Huber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Wolfskill_and_Louis_Wolfskill" title="Joseph W. Wolfskill and Louis Wolfskill">Louis Wolfskill</a></li> <li>Thomas Leahy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D.V._Waldron" class="mw-redirect" title="D.V. Waldron">D.V. Waldron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_K._Green" title="Elisha K. Green">Elisha K. Green</a></li> <li>John S. Thompson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Jones_and_Carrie_Otis_Jones" title="John H. Jones and Carrie Otis Jones">John H. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Fenner_Kercheval" title="Albert Fenner Kercheval">Albert Fenner Kercheval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Brode" title="Charles Brode">Charles Brode</a></li> <li>Simon A. Francis</li> <li>S. H. Buchanan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Falles_Spence" title="Edward Falles Spence">Edward Falles Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gephard" title="George Gephard">George Gephard</a></li> <li>Andrew S. Ryan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Steere" title="Robert Steere">Robert Steere</a></li> <li>J. B. O'Neil</li> <li>Charles Gassen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Johnson_(California_merchant)" title="Charles R. Johnson (California merchant)">Charles R. Johnson</a></li> <li>Loring A. French</li> <li>Albert Brown</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Newton_Breed" title="Levi Newton Breed">Levi Newton Breed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wadsworth_Jones" title="Edward Wadsworth Jones">Edward Wadsworth Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Bosbyshell" title="Edward C. Bosbyshell">Edward C. Bosbyshell</a></li> <li>John F. Humphreys</li> <li>J. H. Book</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Bryant" title="John Henry Bryant">John Henry Bryant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">4th Ward</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Workman" title="William H. Workman">William H. Workman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Beck" title="Samuel J. Beck">Samuel J. Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Marshall_Perry" title="Samuel Marshall Perry">Samuel Marshall Perry</a></li> <li>O. H. Bliss</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cohn_(politician)" title="Bernard Cohn (politician)">Bernard Cohn</a></li> <li>Burdette Chandler</li> <li>George Kerckhoff</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Wolfskill_and_Louis_Wolfskill" title="Joseph W. Wolfskill and Louis Wolfskill">Joseph W. Wolfskill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Louis_Bush" title="Alfred Louis Bush">Alfred Louis Bush</a></li> <li>D. E. Miles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sabichi" title="Frank Sabichi">Frank Sabichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Santee" title="Milton Santee">Milton Santee</a></li> <li>James D. Bullis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lovell_(grocer)" title="John Lovell (grocer)">John Lovell</a></li> <li>Joseph Hyans</li> <li>Anthony McNally</li> <li>Edward R. Threlkeld</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">5th Ward</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Lawlor" title="William B. Lawlor">William B. Lawlor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_R._Vail" title="Nathan R. Vail">Nathan R. Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Greer_McDonald" title="James Greer McDonald">James Greer McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Moran" title="John P. Moran">John P. Moran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott_Moore" title="Walter Scott Moore">Walter Scott Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_G._Weyse" title="Otto G. Weyse">Otto G. Weyse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Michael_McGarry" title="Daniel Michael McGarry">Daniel Michael McGarry</a></li> <li>John B. Niles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Sinsabaugh" title="Hiram Sinsabaugh">Hiram Sinsabaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Willard" title="Cyrus Willard">Cyrus Willard</a></li> <li>Jacob Frankenfeld</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Hiller" title="Horace Hiller">Horace Hiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._W._Barrett" title="A. W. Barrett">A. W. Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_C._Shafer" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin C. Shafer">Austin C. Shafer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;;width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_City_Council,_1889%E2%80%931909" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles City Council, 1889–1909">Los Angeles City Council, 1889–1909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_City_Council" title="Los Angeles City Council">Los Angeles City Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lynching_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Lynching in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Lynching in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lynching in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lynching_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">Lynching in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States" title="List of lynching victims in the United States">List of lynching victims in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Before 1900</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Francis_McIntosh" title="Lynching of Francis McIntosh">Francis McIntosh</a> (1836)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Parish_Lovejoy" title="Elijah Parish Lovejoy">Elijah Parish Lovejoy</a> (1837)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josefa_Segovia" title="Josefa Segovia">Josefa Segovia</a> (1851)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pancho_Daniel" title="Pancho Daniel">Pancho Daniel</a> (1858)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_race_riot_of_1863" title="Detroit race riot of 1863">Joshua Boyd</a> (1863)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Plummer" title="Henry Plummer">Henry Plummer</a> (1864)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Sketoe" title="Bill Sketoe">Bill Sketoe</a> (1864)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clubfoot_George" title="Clubfoot George">Clubfoot George</a> (1864)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Long" title="Steve Long">Steve Long, Ace and Con Moyer</a> (1868)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Outlaw" title="Wyatt Outlaw">Wyatt Outlaw</a> (1870)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stephens" title="John W. Stephens">John W. Stephens</a> (1870)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Boyd_(county_solicitor)" title="Alexander Boyd (county solicitor)">Alexander Boyd</a> (1870)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Williams_(militia_leader)" title="Jim Williams (militia leader)">Jim Williams</a> (1871)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_David_Jones" title="Lynching of David Jones">David Jones</a> (1872)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jo_Reed" title="Lynching of Jo Reed">Jo Reed</a> (1875)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_St._Clair_(minister)" title="Arthur St. Clair (minister)">Arthur St. Clair</a> (1877)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Michael_Green" title="Lynching of Michael Green">Michael Green</a> (1878)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Standing" title="Joseph Standing">Joseph Standing</a> (1879)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Big_Nose_George" title="Big Nose George">Big Nose George Parrott</a> (1881)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thurber" title="Charles Thurber">Charles Thurber</a> (1882)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bisbee_massacre" title="Bisbee massacre">John Wesley Heath</a> (1884)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Eliza_Woods" title="Lynching of Eliza Woods">Eliza Woods</a> (1886)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mingo_Jack" title="Mingo Jack">Samuel "Mingo Jack" Johnson</a> (1886)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Amos_Miller" title="Lynching of Amos Miller">Amos Miller</a> (1888)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joseph_Vermillion" title="Lynching of Joseph Vermillion">Joseph Vermillion</a> (1889)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Meadows" title="Lynching of George Meadows">George Meadows</a> (1889)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Watson" title="Ellen Watson">Ellen Watson</a> (1889)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Georgia#Jim_Crow_era" title="Madison, Georgia">Brown Washington</a> (1890)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jim_Taylor" title="Lynching of Jim Taylor">Jim Taylor</a> (1891)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tillman#Lynching_and_race" title="Benjamin Tillman">Dick Lundy</a> (1891)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joe_Coe" title="Lynching of Joe Coe">Joe Coe</a> (1891)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lewis_(lynching_victim)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Lewis (lynching victim)">Robert Lewis</a> (1892)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Ephraim_Grizzard" title="Lynching of Ephraim Grizzard">Ephraim Grizzard</a> (1892)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Samuel_J._Bush" title="Lynching of Samuel J. Bush">Samuel J. Bush</a> (1893)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denmark,_South_Carolina#History" title="Denmark, South Carolina">John Peterson</a> (1893)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Alfred_Blount" title="Lynching of Alfred Blount">Alfred Blount</a> (1893)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Smith_(lynching_victim)" title="Henry Smith (lynching victim)">Henry Smith</a> (1893)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Richard_Puryear" title="Lynching of Richard Puryear">Richard Puryear</a> (1894)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Stephen_Williams" title="Lynching of Stephen Williams">Stephen Williams</a> (1894)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Springs,_Mississippi#Lynching" title="Rocky Springs, Mississippi">Amos Hicks</a> (1894)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ellicott_City,_Maryland#Incorporation_and_disincorporation" title="Ellicott City, Maryland">Jacob Henson</a> (1896)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_William_Andrews" title="Lynching of William Andrews">William Andrews</a> (1897)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joseph_H._McCoy" title="Lynching of Joseph H. McCoy">Joseph H. McCoy</a> (1897)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/LaFayette,_Alabama#History" title="LaFayette, Alabama">John Anderson</a> (1898)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_John_Henry_James" title="Lynching of John Henry James">John Henry James</a> (1898)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_F._W._Stewart" title="Lynching of F. W. Stewart">F. W. Stewart</a> (1898)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Sam_Hose" title="Lynching of Sam Hose">Sam Hose</a> (1899)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Benjamin_Thomas" title="Lynching of Benjamin Thomas">Benjamin Thomas</a> (1899)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1900–1940</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Rochelle" title="Fred Rochelle">Fred Rochelle</a> (1901)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Ballie_Crutchfield" title="Lynching of Ballie Crutchfield">Ballie Crutchfield</a> (1901)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Ward" title="Lynching of George Ward">George Ward</a> (1901)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#Twentieth_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Walker Davis</a> (1903)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danville_race_riot" title="Danville race riot">J. D. Mayfield</a> (1903)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_White" title="Lynching of George White"> George White</a> (1903)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_David_Wyatt" title="Lynching of David Wyatt">David Wyatt</a> (1903)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Marie_Thompson" title="Lynching of Marie Thompson">Marie Thompson</a> (1904)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Paul_Reed_and_Will_Cato" title="Lynching of Paul Reed and Will Cato">Paul Reed and Will Cato</a> (1904)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gadsden,_Alabama#Lynching_of_Bunk_Richardson" title="Gadsden, Alabama">Bunk Richardson</a> (1906)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Ed_Johnson" title="Lynching of Ed Johnson">Ed Johnson</a> (1906)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Toyah,_Texas#History" title="Toyah, Texas">Slab Pitts</a> (1906)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_William_Burns" title="Lynching of William Burns">William Burns</a> (1907)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Earnest_Williams" title="Lynching of Earnest Williams">Earnest Williams</a> (1907)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Miller_(outlaw)" title="Jim Miller (outlaw)">Jim Miller</a> (1909)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">James Hodges</a> (1909)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Matthew Chase</a> (1909)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">"Mose" Creole</a> (1909)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">"Pie" Hill</a> (1909)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_%22Froggie%22_James" title="William "Froggie" James">William "Froggie" James and Henry Salzner</a> (1909)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Centreville,_Alabama#1910_lynching" title="Centreville, Alabama">Grant Richardson</a> (1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_King_Johnson" title="Lynching of King Johnson">King Johnson</a> (1911)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Name unknown (TX)</a> (1911)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Laura_and_L._D._Nelson" title="Lynching of Laura and L. D. Nelson">Laura and L. D. Nelson</a> (1911)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Livermore,_Kentucky#Opera_house_lynching" title="Livermore, Kentucky">Will Porter</a> (1911)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Zachariah_Walker" title="Lynching of Zachariah Walker">Zachariah Walker</a> (1911)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Mary Jackson</a> (1912)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1912_racial_conflict_in_Forsyth_County,_Georgia" title="1912 racial conflict in Forsyth County, Georgia">Rob Edwards</a> (1912)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">George Saunders</a> (1912)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Robert Perry</a> (1913)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">? Anderson</a> (1913)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Charles Fisher</a> (1914)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_John_Evans" title="Lynching of John Evans">John Evans</a> (1914)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Frank" title="Leo Frank">Leo Frank</a> (1915)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cedarbluff,_Mississippi#History" title="Cedarbluff, Mississippi">Name unknown (MS)</a> (1915)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jesse_Washington" title="Lynching of Jesse Washington">Jesse Washington</a> (1916)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Anthony_Crawford" title="Lynching of Anthony Crawford">Anthony Crawford</a> (1916)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cedarbluff,_Mississippi#History" title="Cedarbluff, Mississippi">Jeff Brown</a> (1916)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Paulo_Boleta" title="Lynching of Paulo Boleta">Paulo Boleta</a> (1916)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Little_(unionist)" title="Frank Little (unionist)">Frank Little</a> (1917)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Charles Jones</a> (1917)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Ell_Persons" title="Lynching of Ell Persons">Ell Persons</a> (1917)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Prager" title="Robert Prager">Robert Prager</a> (1918)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/May_1918_lynchings" title="May 1918 lynchings">Mary Turner and her unborn baby</a> (1918)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/May_1918_lynchings" title="May 1918 lynchings">Hazel "Hayes" Turner</a> (1918)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Taylor" title="Lynching of George Taylor">George Taylor</a> (1918)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_McIlherron" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim McIlherron">Jim McIlherron</a> (1918)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Olli_Kinkkonen" title="Lynching of Olli Kinkkonen">Olli Kinkkonen</a> (1918)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Georgia#Jim_Crow_era" title="Madison, Georgia">Wallace Baynes</a> (1919)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Omaha_race_riot_of_1919" title="Omaha race riot of 1919">Will Brown</a> (1919)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Everest" title="Wesley Everest">Wesley Everest</a> (1919)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hartfield" title="John Hartfield">John Hartfield</a> (1919)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jay_Lynch" title="Lynching of Jay Lynch">Jay Lynch</a> (1919)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Berry_Washington" title="Berry Washington">Berry Washington</a> (1919)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1920_Alabama_coal_strike#Willie_Baird" title="1920 Alabama coal strike">Willie Baird</a> (1920)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Belton" title="Roy Belton">Roy Belton</a> (1920)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Rowland" title="Dick Rowland">Dick Rowland (attempted)</a> (1921)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Henry_Lowry" title="Lynching of Henry Lowry">Henry Lowry</a> (1921)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_James_Harvey_and_Joe_Jordan" title="Lynching of James Harvey and Joe Jordan">James Harvey and Joe Jordan</a> (1922)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Pullen" title="Joe Pullen">Joe Pullen</a> (1923)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Samuel_Smith" title="Lynching of Samuel Smith">Samuel Smith</a> (1924)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_L._Q._Ivy" title="Lynching of L. Q. Ivy">L. Q. Ivy</a> (1925)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Raymond_Byrd" title="Lynching of Raymond Byrd">Raymond Byrd</a> (1926)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_(lynching_victim)" title="James Clark (lynching victim)">James Clark</a> (1926)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lake,_Colorado#Fred_Selak" title="Grand Lake, Colorado">Fred N. Selak</a> (1926)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Tom_Payne" title="Lynching of Tom Payne">Tom Payne</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_John_Carter" title="Lynching of John Carter">John Carter</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Dan_Anderson" title="Lynching of Dan Anderson">Dan Anderson</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Will_Sherod" title="Lynching of Will Sherod">Will Sherod</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Bernice_Raspberry" title="Lynching of Bernice Raspberry">Bernice Raspberry</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Owen_Flemming" title="Lynching of Owen Flemming">Owen Flemming</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joseph_Upchurch" title="Lynching of Joseph Upchurch">Joseph Upchurch</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joe_Smith" title="Lynching of Joe Smith">Joe Smith</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Albert_Williams" title="Lynching of Albert Williams">Albert Williams</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Thomas_Bradshaw" title="Lynching of Thomas Bradshaw">Thomas Bradshaw</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Winston_Pounds" title="Lynching of Winston Pounds">Winston Pounds</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Thomas_Williams" title="Lynching of Thomas Williams">Thomas Williams</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Henry_Choate" title="Lynching of Henry Choate">Henry Choate</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Leonard_Woods" title="Lynching of Leonard Woods">Leonard Woods</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mondak,_Montana" title="Mondak, Montana">J. C. Collins</a> (1928)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Hughes" title="Lynching of George Hughes">George Hughes</a> (1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron_(activist)" title="James Cameron (activist)">James Cameron</a> (1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Raymond_Gunn" title="Lynching of Raymond Gunn">Lynching of Raymond Gunn</a> (1931)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Williams_(laborer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Williams (laborer)">Matthew Williams</a> (1931)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Shedrick_Thompson" title="Death of Shedrick Thompson">Shedrick Thompson</a> (1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Armwood" title="Lynching of George Armwood">George Armwood</a> (1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Cordie_Cheek" title="Lynching of Cordie Cheek">Cordie Cheek</a> (1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Claude_Neal" title="Lynching of Claude Neal">Claude Neal</a> (1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Austin_Callaway" title="Lynching of Austin Callaway">Austin Callaway</a> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elbert_Williams" title="Elbert Williams">Elbert Williams</a> (1940)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">After 1940</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Hall" title="Felix Hall">Felix Hall</a> (1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kunze" title="Johannes Kunze">Johannes Kunze</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Screws_v._United_States" title="Screws v. United States">Robert "Bobbie" Hall</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Willie_James_Howard" title="Lynching of Willie James Howard">Willie James Howard</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Recy_Taylor" title="Recy Taylor">Recy Taylor</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Cecil_Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="John Cecil Jones">John Cecil Jones</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Willie_Earle" title="Lynching of Willie Earle">Willie Earle</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Smith_(activist)" title="Lamar Smith (activist)">Lamar Smith</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Lee" title="George W. Lee">George W. Lee</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till" title="Emmett Till">Emmett Till</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judge_Edward_Aaron" title="Judge Edward Aaron">Judge Edward Aaron</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Willie_Edwards" title="Murder of Willie Edwards">Willie Edwards</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Mack_Charles_Parker" title="Lynching of Mack Charles Parker">Mack Charles Parker</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Allen" title="Louis Allen">Louis Allen</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Lemuel_Penn" title="Murder of Lemuel Penn">Lemuel Penn</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Frank_Morris" title="Murder of Frank Morris">Frank Morris</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Reeb" title="James Reeb">James Reeb</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Dahmer" title="Vernon Dahmer">Vernon Dahmer</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Wharlest_Jackson" title="Murder of Wharlest Jackson">Wharlest Jackson</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Carol_Jenkins" title="Murder of Carol Jenkins">Carol Jenkins</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Henry_Marrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Henry Marrow">Henry Marrow</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Livernois%E2%80%93Fenkell_riot" title="Livernois–Fenkell riot">Marian Pyszko</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Betty_Gardner" title="Murder of Betty Gardner">Betty Gardner</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1980_Miami_riots" title="1980 Miami riots">Arthur McDuffie</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Michael_Donald" title="Lynching of Michael Donald">Michael Donald</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Yusef_Hawkins" title="Murder of Yusef Hawkins">Yusef Hawkins</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_James_Byrd_Jr." title="Murder of James Byrd Jr.">James Byrd Jr.</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_James_Craig_Anderson" title="Murder of James Craig Anderson">James Craig Anderson</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="Murder of Ahmaud Arbery">Ahmaud Arbery</a> (2020)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Multiple_victims" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Multiple victims</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Joseph_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Joseph Smith">Death of Joseph Smith</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyrum_Smith" title="Hyrum Smith">Hyrum Smith</a>) (1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marais_des_Cygnes_massacre" title="Marais des Cygnes massacre">Marais des Cygnes, KS, massacre</a> (1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanging_at_Gainesville" title="Great Hanging at Gainesville">Great Hanging at Gainesville, TX</a> (1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_draft_riots" title="New York City draft riots">New York City draft riots</a> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_race_riot_(1863)" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit race riot (1863)">Detroit race riot (1863)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">? Lachenais and four others</a> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Pillow" title="Battle of Fort Pillow">Fort Pillow, TN, massacre</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Plummer" title="Henry Plummer">Plummer Gang</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_riots_of_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="Memphis riots of 1866">Memphis massacre</a> (1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_Gallatin_County_race_riot" title="1866 Gallatin County race riot">Gallatin County, KY, race riot</a> (1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_massacre_of_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans massacre of 1866">New Orleans massacre of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno_Gang" title="Reno Gang">Reno Brothers Gang</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camilla_massacre" title="Camilla massacre">Camilla, GA, massacre</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Long" title="Steve Long">Steve Long and two half-brothers</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_riot" title="Pulaski riot">Pulaski, TN, riot</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Samuel_Bierfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynching of Samuel Bierfield">Samuel Bierfield and Lawrence Bowman</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opelousas_massacre" title="Opelousas massacre">Opelousas, LA, massacre</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_River_City,_Wyoming#Bear_River_City_Riot_of_November_19,_1868" title="Bear River City, Wyoming">Bear River City riot</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_massacre_of_1871" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese massacre of 1871">Chinese massacre of 1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_race_riot_of_1871" title="Meridian race riot of 1871">Meridian, MS, race riot</a> (1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colfax_massacre" title="Colfax massacre">Colfax, LA, massacre</a> (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_riot_of_1874" class="mw-redirect" title="Election riot of 1874">Election riot of 1874</a> (AL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Moya" title="Juan Moya">Juan, Antonio, and Marcelo Moya</a> (1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Benjamin_and_Mollie_French" title="Lynching of Benjamin and Mollie French">Benjamin and Mollie French</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellenton_riot" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellenton riot">Ellenton, SC, riot</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_massacre" title="Hamburg massacre">Hamburg, SC, massacre</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thibodaux_massacre" title="Thibodaux massacre">Thibodeax, LA, massacre</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horrell_Brothers" title="Horrell Brothers">Mart and Tom Horrell</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Nevlin_Porter_and_Johnson_Spencer" title="Lynching of Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer">Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willits,_California##Triple_Masonic_lynching_of_1879" title="Willits, California">Elijah Frost, Abijah Gibson, Tom McCracken</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variety_Hall_shootout" title="Variety Hall shootout">T.J. House, James West, John Dorsey</a> (1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14,_1891,_lynchings" class="mw-redirect" title="March 14, 1891, lynchings">New Orleans 1891 lynchings</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_the_Ruggles_brothers" title="Lynching of the Ruggles brothers">Ruggles Brothers (CA)</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Grocery_lynchings" title="People's Grocery lynchings">Thomas Moss, Henry Stewart, Calvin McDowell (TN)</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Nevlin_Porter_and_Johnson_Spencer" title="Lynching of Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer">Porter and Spencer (MS)</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_election_riot" title="Phoenix election riot">Phoenix, SC, election riot</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington_insurrection_of_1898" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilmington insurrection of 1898">Wilmington, NC, insurrection</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Julia_and_Frazier_Baker" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynching of Julia and Frazier Baker">Julia and Frazier Baker</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pana_riot" title="Pana riot">Pana, IL, riot</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watkinsville_lynching" title="Watkinsville lynching">Watkinsville lynching</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Atlanta_race_massacre" title="1906 Atlanta race massacre">1906 Atlanta race massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemper_County,_Mississippi#History" title="Kemper County, Mississippi">Kemper County, MS</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_the_Walker_family" title="Lynching of the Walker family">Walker family</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_race_riot_of_1908" title="Springfield race riot of 1908">Springfield race riot of 1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slocum,_Texas" title="Slocum, Texas">Slocum, TX, massacre</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Laura_and_L._D._Nelson" title="Lynching of Laura and L. D. Nelson">Laura and L.D. Nelson</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_County,_Georgia#History" title="Harris County, Georgia">Harris County, GA, lynchings</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newberry_Six_lynchings" title="Newberry Six lynchings">Newberry, FL, lynchings</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_St._Louis_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="East St. Louis riots">East St. Louis, IL, riots</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_County,_Georgia" title="Brooks County, Georgia">Lynching rampage in Brooks County, GA</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenkins_County,_Georgia,_riot_of_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Jenkins County, Georgia, riot of 1919">Jenkins County, GA, riot</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longview_race_riot" title="Longview race riot">Longview, TX, race riot</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_race_riot" class="mw-redirect" title="Elaine race riot">Elaine, AR, race riot</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha_race_riot_of_1919" title="Omaha race riot of 1919">Omaha race riot of 1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_riot_of_1919" title="Knoxville riot of 1919">Knoxville riot of 1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Summer" title="Red Summer">Red Summer</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duluth_lynchings" title="Duluth lynchings">Duluth, MN, lynchings</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocoee_massacre" title="Ocoee massacre">Ocoee, FL, massacre</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_race_massacre" title="Tulsa race massacre">Tulsa race massacre</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_race_riot" class="mw-redirect" title="Perry race riot">Perry, FL, race riot</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosewood_massacre" title="Rosewood massacre">Rosewood, FL, massacre</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jim_and_Mark_Fox" title="Lynching of Jim and Mark Fox">Jim and Mark Fox</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Thomas_Shipp_and_Abram_Smith" title="Lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith">Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_County,_Mississippi#History" title="Tate County, Mississippi">Tate County, MS</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Hart#Lynching_of_Thurmond_and_Holmes" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooke Hart">Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Roosevelt_Townes_and_Robert_McDaniels" title="Lynching of Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels">Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont_race_riot_of_1943" title="Beaumont race riot of 1943">Beaumont, TX, Race Riot</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Day_Short" title="O'Day Short">O'Day Short, wife, and two children</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore%27s_Ford_lynchings" title="Moore's Ford lynchings">Moore's Ford, GA, lynchings</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_T._Moore" title="Harry T. Moore">Harry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harriette_Moore" title="Harriette Moore">Harriette Moore</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anniston,_Alabama#The_Civil_Rights_era" title="Anniston, Alabama">Anniston, AL</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Chaney,_Goodman,_and_Schwerner" title="Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner">Freedom Summer Murders</a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Chaney" title="James Chaney">James Chaney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Goodman_(activist)" title="Andrew Goodman (activist)">Andrew Goodman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Schwerner" title="Michael Schwerner">Michael Schwerner</a>) (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Cold_Case" title="Mississippi Cold Case">Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore</a> (1964)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_White_Caps" title="Indiana White Caps">Indiana White Caps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadir_of_American_race_relations" title="Nadir of American race relations">Nadir of American race relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Shirts_(United_States)" title="Red Shirts (United States)">Red Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_American_Jews" title="Lynching of American Jews">Jews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-lynching_movement" title="Anti-lynching movement">Anti-lynching movement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_anti-lynching_activists" title="Category:American anti-lynching activists">American anti-lynching activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Crusade_Against_Lynching" title="American Crusade Against Lynching">American Crusade Against Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Daniel_Ames" title="Jessie Daniel Ames">Jessie Daniel Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_C._Ansorge" title="Martin C. Ansorge">Martin C. Ansorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southern_Women_for_the_Prevention_of_Lynching" title="Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching">Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossie_Bailey" title="Flossie Bailey">Flossie Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O%27Connell_Bradley" title="William O'Connell Bradley">William O'Connell Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Barksdale_Brown" title="Ella Barksdale Brown">Ella Barksdale Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Divine" title="Father Divine">Father Divine</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Flag_Salute" title="Flag Salute">Flag Salute</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">N.A.A.C.P.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conference_on_Lynching" title="National Conference on Lynching">National Conference on Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Strange_Fruit" title="Strange Fruit">Strange Fruit</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Legislation" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dyer_Anti-Lynching_Bill" title="Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill">Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Costigan#Costigan–Wagner_Bill" title="Edward P. Costigan">Costigan-Wagner Bill</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Justice_for_Victims_of_Lynching_Act" title="Justice for Victims of Lynching Act">Justice for Victims of Lynching Act</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till_Unsolved_Civil_Rights_Crime_Act" title="Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act">Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till_Antilynching_Act" title="Emmett Till Antilynching Act">Emmett Till Antilynching Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defenders of lynching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_G._Bilbo" title="Theodore G. Bilbo">Theodore G. Bilbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cole_L._Blease" title="Cole L. Blease">Cole L. Blease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_S._Carr" title="Julian S. Carr">Julian S. Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Johnston_Catts" title="Sidney Johnston Catts">Sidney Johnston Catts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dixon_Jr." title="Thomas Dixon Jr.">Thomas Dixon Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Latimer_Felton" title="Rebecca Latimer Felton">Rebecca Latimer Felton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Temple_Graves" title="John Temple Graves">John Temple Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Trotwood_Moore" title="John Trotwood Moore">John Trotwood Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Morgan" title="John T. Morgan">John T. Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rolph" title="James Rolph">James Rolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodloe_Sutton" title="Goodloe Sutton">Goodloe Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tillman" title="Benjamin Tillman">Benjamin Tillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Vardaman" title="James K. Vardaman">James K. Vardaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Watson" title="Thomas E. Watson">Thomas E. Watson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Black_Holocaust_Museum" title="America's Black Holocaust Museum">America's Black Holocaust Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Memorial" title="Civil Rights Memorial">Civil Rights Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Legacy_Museum" title="The Legacy Museum">The Legacy Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Memorial_for_Peace_and_Justice" title="National Memorial for Peace and Justice">National Memorial for Peace and Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_African_American_History_and_Culture" title="National Museum of African American History and Culture">National Museum of African American History and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Allen_(collector)" title="James Allen (collector)">James Allen (collector)</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/And_you_are_lynching_Negroes" title="And you are lynching Negroes">And you are lynching Negroes</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_John_Shillady" title="Attack on John Shillady">Attack on John Shillady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Liberty_Place" title="Battle of Liberty Place">Battle of Liberty Place</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_a_Nation" title="The Birth of a Nation">The Birth of a Nation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Clansman:_A_Historical_Romance_of_the_Ku_Klux_Klan" title="The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan">The Clansman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_in_police_custody_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Deaths in police custody in the United States">Deaths in police custody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fury_(1936_film)" title="Fury (1936 film)"><i>Fury</i> (1936 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hang_%27Em_High" title="Hang 'Em High">Hang 'Em High</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_postcard" title="Lynching postcard">Lynching postcard</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Burning" title="Mississippi Burning">Mississippi Burning</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Cold_Case" title="Mississippi Cold Case">Mississippi Cold Case</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jimmie_Lee_Jackson" title="Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson">Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson</a> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ox-Bow_Incident" title="The Ox-Bow Incident">The Ox-Bow Incident</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parade_(musical)" title="Parade (musical)"><i>Parade</i> (musical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Summer" title="Red Summer">Red Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottsboro_Boys" title="Scottsboro Boys">Scottsboro Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Parade" title="Silent Parade">Silent Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Mountain#Confederate_Memorial_Carving" title="Stone Mountain">Stone Mountain</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summer_in_Mississippi" title="Summer in Mississippi">Summer in Mississippi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundown_town" title="Sundown town">Sundown town</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_sundown_towns_in_the_United_States" title="List of sundown towns in the United States">list</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They_Won%27t_Forget" title="They Won't Forget">They Won't Forget</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_United_States_of_Lyncherdom" title="The United States of Lyncherdom">"The United States of Lyncherdom" (Twain)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Shipp" title="United States v. Shipp">United States v. Shipp</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendetta_(1999_film)" title="Vendetta (1999 film)"><i>Vendetta</i> (1999 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington_massacre" title="Wilmington massacre">Wilmington insurrection of 1898</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Lynching in the United States">Lynching in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lynching_deaths_in_the_United_States_by_state" title="Category:Lynching deaths in the United States by state">Lynching deaths in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Felix_Signoret&oldid=1162717338">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Felix_Signoret&oldid=1162717338</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Los_Angeles_Common_Council_(1850%E2%80%931889)_members" title="Category:Los Angeles Common Council (1850–1889) members">Los Angeles Common Council (1850–1889) members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_American_politicians" title="Category:19th-century American politicians">19th-century American politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Los_Angeles_County_Board_of_Supervisors" title="Category:Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors">Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lynching_deaths_in_California" title="Category:Lynching deaths in California">Lynching deaths in California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1825_births" title="Category:1825 births">1825 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1878_deaths" title="Category:1878 deaths">1878 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_Marseille" title="Category:Businesspeople from Marseille">Businesspeople from Marseille</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_emigrants_to_the_United_States" title="Category:French emigrants to the United States">French emigrants to the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th_century_in_Los_Angeles" title="Category:19th century in Los Angeles">19th century in Los Angeles</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_November_2022" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from November 2022">Articles with dead external links from November 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_navbox_columns_without_the_first_column" title="Category:Pages using navbox columns without the first column">Pages using navbox columns without the first column</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 June 2023, at 18:55<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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