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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ssntl</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Anawn_n_uḥidus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anawn_n_uḥidus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Anawn n uḥidus</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anawn_n_uḥidus-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Anawn n uḥidus</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anawn_n_uḥidus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Taẓuṛi_n_urkaḍ_‘’taḥidust_n_imgunn‘’" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taẓuṛi_n_urkaḍ_‘’taḥidust_n_imgunn‘’"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Taẓuṛi n urkaḍ ‘’taḥidust n imgunn‘’</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taẓuṛi_n_urkaḍ_‘’taḥidust_n_imgunn‘’-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aḥidus_gr_umzruy_iḥlan_d_uzmz_ad_amaynu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aḥidus_gr_umzruy_iḥlan_d_uzmz_ad_amaynu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Aḥidus gr umzruy iḥlan d uzmz ad amaynu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aḥidus_gr_umzruy_iḥlan_d_uzmz_ad_amaynu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iwaliwn_nns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iwaliwn_nns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Iwaliwn nns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iwaliwn_nns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isaɣul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isaɣul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Isaɣul</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isaɣul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isaɣuln" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isaɣuln"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Isaɣuln</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isaɣuln-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3" title="أحيدوس – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أحيدوس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahidous" title="Ahidous – ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ahidous" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahidus" title="Ahidus – ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ahidus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahidous" title="Ahidous – ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ahidous" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahidous" title="Ahidous – ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵜ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ahidous" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ⵜⴰⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵜ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahidous" title="Ahidous – ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵟⵇⵉⵣⵜ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ahidous" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵟⵇⵉⵣⵜ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahidus" title="Ahidus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ahidus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahidousse" title="Ahidousse – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ahidousse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%83%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99" title="ⴰⵃⵉⴷⵓⵙ – amazighe standard marocain" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵃⵉⴷⵓⵙ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazighe standard marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Dansgroep_Midden_Atlas_TMnr_10028646.jpg/460px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Dansgroep_Midden_Atlas_TMnr_10028646.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>ⴰⵃⵉⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵖ 1955</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Afaylu:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Dansgroep_uit_de_Midden-Atlas_tijdens_het_Nationaal_Folkore_Festival_te_Marrakech_TMnr_20017658.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Dansgroep_uit_de_Midden-Atlas_tijdens_het_Nationaal_Folkore_Festival_te_Marrakech_TMnr_20017658.jpg/230px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Dansgroep_uit_de_Midden-Atlas_tijdens_het_Nationaal_Folkore_Festival_te_Marrakech_TMnr_20017658.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Dansgroep_uit_de_Midden-Atlas_tijdens_het_Nationaal_Folkore_Festival_te_Marrakech_TMnr_20017658.jpg/345px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Dansgroep_uit_de_Midden-Atlas_tijdens_het_Nationaal_Folkore_Festival_te_Marrakech_TMnr_20017658.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Dansgroep_uit_de_Midden-Atlas_tijdens_het_Nationaal_Folkore_Festival_te_Marrakech_TMnr_20017658.jpg/460px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Dansgroep_uit_de_Midden-Atlas_tijdens_het_Nationaal_Folkore_Festival_te_Marrakech_TMnr_20017658.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1744" data-file-height="1744" /></a><figcaption>ⴰⵃⵉⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵖ 1970</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ahidous_-_Wikicamp_Morocco_2023_-_2.webm/230px--Ahidous_-_Wikicamp_Morocco_2023_-_2.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="230" height="129" data-durationhint="17" data-mwtitle="Ahidous_-_Wikicamp_Morocco_2023_-_2.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Afaylu:Ahidous_-_Wikicamp_Morocco_2023_-_2.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Ahidous_-_Wikicamp_Morocco_2023_-_2.webm/Ahidous_-_Wikicamp_Morocco_2023_-_2.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Ahidous_-_Wikicamp_Morocco_2023_-_2.webm/Ahidous_-_Wikicamp_Morocco_2023_-_2.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Ahidous_-_Wikicamp_Morocco_2023_-_2.webm/Ahidous_-_Wikicamp_Morocco_2023_-_2.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Ahidous_-_Wikicamp_Morocco_2023_-_2.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Ahidous_-_Wikicamp_Morocco_2023_-_2.webm/Ahidous_-_Wikicamp_Morocco_2023_-_2.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Ahidous_-_Wikicamp_Morocco_2023_-_2.webm/Ahidous_-_Wikicamp_Morocco_2023_-_2.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Ahidous_-_Wikicamp_Morocco_2023_-_2.webm/Ahidous_-_Wikicamp_Morocco_2023_-_2.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Ahidous_-_Wikicamp_Morocco_2023_-_2.webm/Ahidous_-_Wikicamp_Morocco_2023_-_2.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>ⴰⵃⵉⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ <a href="/wiki/Ifran_(ti%C9%A3rmt)" title="Ifran (tiɣrmt)">ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Iga <b>uḥidus</b> yan wurar nna skarn imaziɣn n waṭlas anammas d usammr. Iga urar ẓḍaṛn ad t skrn ifrxan ula tifrxin, ar tettmziriy talɣa nns zɣ tmnaḍt ar tayyaḍ. Zikk, ar ttaɣn imaziɣn n tmnaḍin ad aḥidus ɣ kraygat tizi, lumaṛ ad day zrint tinwutci, macc tigira ad ar t skarn ɣar ɣ tmɣriwin d tfugliwin. Skrn kra n tmsmunin kra n trubba ganin aḥidus d tazzult ar sis ttkkan timizar akkʷ ar sis drrunt ɣ inmuggarn d igdudn n umaḍal. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anawn_n_uḥidus"><span id="Anawn_n_u.E1.B8.A5idus"></span>Anawn n uḥidus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%E1%B8%A5idus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Snfl tigzmi: Anawn n uḥidus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ssnfl</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%E1%B8%A5idus&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Anawn n uḥidus"><span>Snfl asagm</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taẓuṛi_n_urkaḍ_‘’taḥidust_n_imgunn‘’"><span id="Ta.E1.BA.93u.E1.B9.9Bi_n_urka.E1.B8.8D_.E2.80.98.E2.80.99ta.E1.B8.A5idust_n_imgunn.E2.80.98.E2.80.99"></span>Taẓuṛi n urkaḍ ‘’taḥidust n imgunn‘’</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%E1%B8%A5idus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Snfl tigzmi: Taẓuṛi n urkaḍ ‘’taḥidust n imgunn‘’" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ssnfl</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%E1%B8%A5idus&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Taẓuṛi n urkaḍ ‘’taḥidust n imgunn‘’"><span>Snfl asagm</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Afaylu:%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%83%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%8F_A%E1%B8%A5idus_n_Imgunn.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%83%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%8F_A%E1%B8%A5idus_n_Imgunn.png/220px-%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%83%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%8F_A%E1%B8%A5idus_n_Imgunn.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%83%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%8F_A%E1%B8%A5idus_n_Imgunn.png/330px-%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%83%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%8F_A%E1%B8%A5idus_n_Imgunn.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%83%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%8F_A%E1%B8%A5idus_n_Imgunn.png/440px-%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%83%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%8F_A%E1%B8%A5idus_n_Imgunn.png 2x" data-file-width="1082" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>ⴰⵃⵉⴷⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵓⵏⵏ</figcaption></figure> <p>Mk tga ljukanda ,tiflut n tẓuṛi n iɣman tamaḍlant nna iɛdl unaẓuṛ amaḍlan “dafintci” (1503-1505), yat tmatart tamqrant n tussna d tẓuṛi nna ittawin kigan n mddn s tmdint n bariz d ar takka uddur axatar i usfsr n “laburs” isggʷassn iggudin aya. Imkinnaɣ ayd tga awd tḥidust n imgunn g yat tsga aḍnin n tẓuṛi, tga yan urkaḍ igan tisit n wamun, tga asissn i tmazirt n imgunn ula tin dads ula tin lmɣrib akw sg uflla. Ayddɣ n tẓuṛi a ɣf nra ad nsiwl g usntl ad ,tsman tẓuṛi ddɣ kigan n tɣawsiwin zund, amarg n yirir, arkaḍ, timlsa, izlan, imassn... Aya ad d yiwin allig tiwy iẓṛi d tssusm kigan n imallayn d inaẓuṛn d mddn akkʷ s umata, allig da d teddun sg timazar kull n umaḍal. </p><p>Arkaḍ ddɣ n imgunn issusm kigan inaẓuṛn g wamun ula g brra n tmazirt ula mddn kull. Iga yat tẓuṛi ifkan atig i tmazirt n imgunn d tmazirt n dads g yat tsga, ig ula yan wanaw n tẓuṛi ittasin s aflla tamallayt d tdms g tsga n “dra tafilalt” d ar tgga udm iḥlan kigan i tmurt n lmɣrib g tmizar n umaḍal g fransa ula sbanya ula mirikan... </p><p>G urzzu ad rad nswuri ɣf sin inaẓuṛn ittirirn aḥidus ,gin sg snat tsutiwin imzarayn, “mulay lḥu” issntan aḥidus sg usggʷas n 60 ar 2000, d “yussf balhwa” nna igan aslway n trabbut n tḥidust n imgunn sg 2000 ar 2023. G waddad amzwaru, rad nuru ɣf tẓuṛi n uḥidus d isnfln ula udmawn imaynutn nns, d imassn itiknulujin nna yiwsn ad nn yawḍ uḥiidus timizar n umaḍal. </p><p>Taẓuṛi n uḥidus gr mad izrin d uzmz ad: amdya “tarabbut taḥidust n imgunn” taḥidust n imgunn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aḥidus_gr_umzruy_iḥlan_d_uzmz_ad_amaynu"><span id="A.E1.B8.A5idus_gr_umzruy_i.E1.B8.A5lan_d_uzmz_ad_amaynu"></span>Aḥidus gr umzruy iḥlan d uzmz ad amaynu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%E1%B8%A5idus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Snfl tigzmi: Aḥidus gr umzruy iḥlan d uzmz ad amaynu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ssnfl</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%E1%B8%A5idus&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Aḥidus gr umzruy iḥlan d uzmz ad amaynu"><span>Snfl asagm</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tannayin n umdyaz “mulay lḥu”: «aḥidus tinml ayd iga!! ur d lhḍṛt?» awal ddɣ ad inna umdyaz nɣ d lɛrif n uḥidus d tmnaḍin mulay lḥu nna yiwḍn 81 n usggʷas, s wawal nns d wul nns ittbbin, ntta nna d inkrn, iṛẓm d alln nns ɣf uḥidus abldiy, ilan tirsal ula timitar tiqburin n tigi ula isitti ula yimk nna s ittyiskir. Yusi anzwum i uḥidus ad ur iddu, ad ur ismur nɣ ilsa timlsa aḍnin nna djun ur ilsi. </p><p>Mulay lḥu iga lɛrif nna ittaɣn aḥidus g tmazirt n wasif n dads ula tin wasif n imgunn nna iwalan i tsga n dra tafilalt. G uḍris ad ngr iẓṛi nnɣ ɣf tirmt n mulay lḥu d twuri n trabbut “taḥidust n imgunn” nna itwassnn s wassaɣ n “arkaḍ n imgunn” n tmazirt n tɣṛmt n imgunn (klɛa mguna). </p><p>Inna umara lḥu azrgi: «taẓuṛi a da tsmunu gr umarg n yirir d urkaḍ d ikkʷlan ifrqacn nna ittawin iẓṛi ula tawngimt n inaẓuṛn d imallayn d mddn s umata nna d itmuddun ad iẓiṛn tiḥli nns» azrgi, 2012. </p><p>Inna mulay lḥu: “aḥidus yaɣul iga zund kra n umuḍin ur yufin asafar, ar ismummuy g ifsti, ar ittmtat s ifsti, tafuyt lliɣ d ittalin ɣf uḥidus, taɣul tɣli, yili ntta g tillas, aydud n uḥidus ar ittsmur imikk s imikk, winna yakkan atig i “lmɛna” iɛccaqn ula winna as issflidn ar tsmurn imikk s imikk. </p><p>Isawl ḥasan jawad ɣf usntl n “lmɛna” inna dda g da iggar umdyaz nɣ d amarir izli nns nɣ d tamdyazt, ccwayt n imssflidn g irms n lmɛna, aya ad aɣ isnɛatn is tlla yat tzdayt d yan umṣawaḍ gr umarir nɣ lɛrif d uydud nns. Yan umṣwaḍ ittuṣkan ɣf “lmɛna”. </p><p>Inna ḥasan jawad ɣf lmɛna: “g tmyurin tamawalt n iclḥiyn, awal n umdyaz iṭṭf abda sin wudmawn, iwaliwn nna ittini, d lmɛna nna s ira ad t rmsn mddn, ku taguri tɣiy ad tawi s yan lmɛna “1989: tasna 58-168. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lɛrif mulay lḥu inna diɣ, ikka tt nn lliɣ tamɣra ar ttkka imalass, sa n wussan, ar ttaɣn mddn aḥidus sg uɣlay n tafuyt ar anqar nns, dɣi llant tmɣriwin ittkkan ɣir yan wass, lumar g tmdinin, lliɣ yuf dɣi, lliɣ tamɣra tɣra i kʷu yiwn, swa wanna iṭṛṛḥn swa wanna mi idrus lḥal, gan akkʷ mddn yan, wanna issnn ad ibbi amarg d izlan zun d i akkan mddn uddur d watig amqran. Lliɣ da nssflid i tɣratin kkant ignna wala akal, dɣi ur yad sulnt tɣratin ula suln iḥidas wamm williɣ. </p><p>Mulay lḥu inna diɣ: iga uḥidus zun d tinml, da isslmad tiɛɛurma ɣf uswingm d tussna n wawal. Iga taẓuṛi iṭṭfn timitar n yirir d trsal iṣḥan n tussna. Zun d wanna iran ad yirir aḥidus g irgzn ifukk ad ils tajllabiyt tamllalt “lfal umlil” nna yaɣ isnɛtn tazdgi d nniyt n umdyaz. Ula tiwtmin da lssant ticḍaḍ d iḥbirran, d tsbniyt i tinna yiwln ,tinna ilsan tasbniyt gint taẓult tinnaɣ hat iwlnt yad, tinna ilsan iḥbirran ur gint taẓult hat ur ta iwilnt. Tirbatin nna inkrn s aḥidus ar tggant tawrarrayt, ar ttrarant izli i ayt uḥidus dda g t grn. </p><p>Arkaḍ n tḥidust n imgunn ar dids ttmun tiyti n igdm d ucbqa n ifassn, tawada n twtmin ula tin irgzn tman d wallun, yan ur izwar yan , yat ur tzwar tayḍ, ar ttirirn s lmizan, macan mulay lḥu da iẓṛṛa mas d anawn imaynutn nna d ikcmn s tmazirt zun d tagrubbit nɣ d id lgrub, inna da nqqan aḥidus anṣliy , inna anct ddɣ n imassn itiknulujiyn fkan i mddn ansiwn g ẓṛṛan aḥidus s twlafin d id lfidyu, ukan ayddɣ kull ar as ittkks uddur i uḥidus, ar as iḍḍaṛ watig nns . </p><p>Aynnaɣ ag ak inna mulay lḥu: tiwḍ tizi g ilazm ad namẓ afus i uḥidus ad ur iddu, ilazm ad nsmuttr izlan iqburn nna ittsmurn, tasrtit n tussna ula tanḍeḍt yiwḍ wass g ilazm ad tskcm taẓuṛi ddɣ s tinml ula tasdawit afad as ttelmadn inlmadn ula imzrawn mk tra tmawast n tussna ula tin tdlsa ad tidir tẓuṛi n tmaziɣt lumaṛ taẓuṛi taqburt nna illan g kigan n tsggʷin n lmɣrib. </p><p>Micil biru isawl ɣf udmawn imaynutn n umarg d uḥidus dda g yara ɣf unaẓuṛ amqran tamlla n rbbi ɣifs “muḥmmad rwica” nna ittyassann s yirir nns izddign ɣf: «matta zzman isaggan, mani zzman iɣudan» tizlit ad yuls as unaẓuṛ uṛḥḥu d munir» Peyron: 2019 tizlit ad tuwi d ɣf udm amaynu n izlan d umarg, mulay lḥu inngla, iqnḍ ɣf waddad nna yiwḍ uḥidus, aynnaɣ ag da iggar aɣuyyi i inaɣmasn ula winna iswurin g yigr n tussna n tẓuṛi ad rarn lbal s uḥidus nna ittsmurn ,ass ḍaṛt wass. </p><p>«Agrḍ nɣ d awal iga zun d ifilu isslkamn tabrat i uydud, ig as iḥla ugrḍ i lɛrif ar tlkkm tbrat nns, macan aydud ar ittiɛqil i izlan s tmktit n walni nns...» Zunthor : 1983<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ẓanṭur inna g tguri ddɣ nns mas d agrḍ n lɛrif ntta ad nn isslkamn lmɛna, yan umarir iṭṭafn amggrḍ iḥlan ar as ssflidn mddn kigan, ar as ttilint tɣratin. </p><p>S uzgzl, amdyaz nnɣ mulay lḥu nna mi ɣur iga uḥidus zun d tiṭṭ nns, ira ad frkn mddn i tmaḍunt yaɣn aḥidus, ira ad ikcm s tinml afad izri s ulmmud i imẓẓann, tfk t tsuta i tayḍ, aynnaɣ ag inurz kigan g tmawast n tussna d tmawast n usslmd amnzu ula tin tsdawit . </p><p>Imassn itiknulujiyn gan igldan i uḥidus allig yiwḍ amaḍal ( amsyara d isqsitn d tmrarutin d unaẓuṛ (yusf balhwa ) aslway n trabbut taḥidust n imgunn. </p><p>Anaẓuṛ nnɣ wiss sin igan yusf balhwa, yan uɛrrim nna ilulan g usggʷas n 1981, yamu g tsuta n dɣi, iga aslway n tarabbut n “taḥidust n imgunn’’ nna mi ttinin awd (tarabbut n tizzwit ), tarabbut ad ttyuskar asggʷas n 2006. </p><p>Inna yusf balhwa: taẓuṛi ddɣ n uṛkaḍ n imgunn tlla sg mad ibda lɛrif “aḥmam amskan” g usggʷas n 60 ar ttaɣ aḥidus. Ar t isslmad i iɛrrimn n iɣrm, macan aslmad n uṛkaḍ, laḥsn zinun inna massa tamɣart n uḥṛḍan nna mi ɣur tɛzza kigan tḥidust ddɣ n imgunn, ayd as izaydn kra n imussutn d kra n tɣawsiwin akkʷ g yirir ula ikʷlan allig ɣurs illa wudm ddɣ amaynu issusmn kigan n mddn g umaḍal” </p><p>taẓuṛi ddɣ n uḥidus tga yat g tɣawsiwin nna d ittawin aḍaṛ i mddn ard nn kkin tamazirt n dads ula tin imgunn, ula tamazirt n dra tafilalt sg uflla. Yusf balhwa nna igan aslway n trabbut “taḥidut n imgunn” inna: llan imarirn d id lɛrif iqbuṛn nna ikkan uggar n 100 n tmura n umaḍal g tudrt nnsn sg isggʷasn n 60 ar dɣi , ilign n umuddu nɣ d lbasbbuṛ nnsn da aɣ isnɛat aya. </p><p>Balhwa yulɣ kigan imassn itiknulujiyn, inna nitni ad nn issiwiḍn taḥidust n imgunn i umaḍal, lumaṛ “yutub d twitr, anstagram, d id lfidyi d tdabutin n ttlfaza zun d tiss tam nna igan tin tmaziɣt, imassn ad kullu ar ttawsn ad ittyassn uḥidus yawḍ aflla yawḍ timizar ɛṛqnin. </p><p>G ubrid ddɣ atiknulujiy yiwi d micil biyru kraḍ izmaz nna isnfaln ar akkan udm amaynu i tzlit d wurar amaziɣ g lmɣrib: </p> <ol><li>1980-1995: Addad amzwaru, tizi ddɣ inna ɣifs micil biru: ttuyassn s tassfift (lkaṣiṭa) nna ilan s watig 8 n id drhm. Zun d tassfift n rwica, mllal, maɣni, azlmaḍ, faṭima tabaɛmṛant, walid mimun d wiyyaḍ ggudin...</li> <li>1995-2005: Addad wiss sin tffɣ d tassfift n lfidyu, ittyassn uzmz nnaɣ s muḥa ulḥusin aciban d id lfilm n tsga sus.</li> <li>“Sg 2005, isul lfidyu macan lyutub ittyussn diɣ uggar ar ẓars ggarn inaẓuṛn tizlatin nnsn, yamu g mad igan asussn i kigan n inaẓuṛn g waṭlaṣ anammas ula asammr” Biyru: 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Imki nna nẓṛa g waddadn ddɣ nna iga micil biyru, nrms is d imassn itiknulujiyn d wansatn n lantirnit zun d yutub d ufaysbuk amun g winna igan iyldan, sbuɣlun taḥidust n imgunn allig ttwassn, ar asn d qqarn mddn sg tmnaḍin n lmɣrib ula timizar n bṛṛa n tmurt. Ayddɣ ad d yiwin allig da iswingim balhwa d imddukkal nns g trabbut ad zmmemn taẓuṛi ddɣ g yunisku acku tamu g uydda adlsan anafgan aqbur. </p><p>Aɛrrim ddɣ balhwa yusi ssɛr i uḥidus , ar iswuri kigan , d ar ittaws s imassn itiknulujiyn, isskr ntta d imddukkan nns tadabut nnsn g yutub, ar asn d tskcam idrimn, ar nn sslkamn tizlatin nnsn i uydud nnsn g tmurt n lmɣrib ula bṛṛa nns. Ar ttalsn i izlan iqburn ula imaynutn . </p><p>Aya ar asn ittzayad g uydud nna tn iṭfarn sg yutub, ar tzayadn awd nitni imassn yaḍn n uẓawan i tẓuṛi nnsn zun d talgitart, d id djambi, ar ṛẓẓmn tiflut ɣf imassn imaynutn n uẓawan afad ad kcmn s wul i mddn g umadal kull. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iwaliwn_nns">Iwaliwn nns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%E1%B8%A5idus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Snfl tigzmi: Iwaliwn nns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ssnfl</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%E1%B8%A5idus&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Iwaliwn nns"><span>Snfl asagm</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="text-align:center;"><div style="display: inline-block; text-align:left;" class="poem"> <p><span style="font-family:Courier New;font-size:100%;color:black;background-color:transparent;;">Tayri<br /> Wa mer ufiɣ asafar(a), n tayri a'nebḍu d zzin wa mer ufiɣ asafar(a) <br /> Wa mer ufiɣ asafar(a) nekka kullu timizar wa mer ufiɣ asafar(a)<br /> Irura-k-id ṛebbi, ad ak-fruɣ ajmil (i) ssufuɣ-ak a bu tɣufi, irura-k-id ṛebbi <br /> Ar allaɣ idda usmun ar allaɣ...<br />  <br /> A ṭṭaleb ad i-tarat ad i-d-yiwin, nṭaleb ad i-yiri uḥbib-inu <br /> Wa nurem-as asafar ur i-idawa, wa ṭṭaleb <i>ad i-tarat asafar ad i-d-yiwin</i><br /> Mecta d yan ifka-aɣ lɛahed iddu, wa ṭṭaleb <i>ad i-tarat asafar ad i-d-yiwin.</i> <br /> <br /> Timeldiwin<br /> Ilula-d wayyur, ɣ tmazirt inu, grat-as tuga, a widda t-yannayen</span> </p> </div><p style="text-align: right; width: 80%;">— Iwaliwn n uḥidus</p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isaɣul"><span id="Isa.C9.A3ul"></span>Isaɣul</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%E1%B8%A5idus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Snfl tigzmi: Isaɣul" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ssnfl</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%E1%B8%A5idus&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Isaɣul"><span>Snfl asagm</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AGNAOU, F. (2009 a), «Vers une didactique de l'amazighe», Asinag2, Publications de l’Institut Royal de la culture Amazighe, El *Maârif Al Jadida, Rabat, pp. 21-31.</li> <li>Amazighe, El Maârif Al Jadida, Rabat, pp. 109-126.</li> <li>AIT SAID, O. (2014), Annachid attarbawi al amazighi, Bj Brint, Agadir, Maroc.</li> <li>Awrid.H.( 2016) may day ttini uvanim, El Maarif aljadida ,Rabat</li> <li>AZERGUI, L. (2012), Le pain des corbeaux, imprimerie, Rabat Agdal.</li> <li>BOUFFARD, M. (1997), Introduction à la versification, DUNOD, Paris.</li> <li>BOUNFOUR, A. (1999), Introduction à la littérature berbère I La poésie, Louvain, Paris.</li> <li>CALVET, J. (1980), La chanson dans la classe du français langue étrangère, Paris, France.</li> <li>El AKKAF, B, Ousmane revival, Edition okad, rabat, 2020 copyright ircam.</li> <li>GIBUS, D. (2010 ) , Chant, idées, écouter, comprendre, exploiter des chansons et des poèmes pour élargir ses compétences, édition , ED, de Boeck, Bruxelles.</li> <li>ISABELE P. (2008), « Chapitre 14, Apprendre la musique, les nouvelles des neurosciences » -Edition Odile Jacob, Paris.</li></ul> <p>JOUAD, H.« Les imdyazen : une voix de l’intellectualité rurale ». Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée. n°51, 1989/1, p. 100-110. </p> <ul><li>Lahcen Z. Le rêve interdit: Le danseur, chorégraphe et réalisateur Lahcen Zinoun se confie à MFM TV Canada(<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnNtW55KgvA">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnNtW55KgvA</a>) consulté le 13 avril 2023</li> <li>Larousse Dictionnaire (2015) : librairie Eyrolles, paris 13eme Edition</li> <li>Lespy.v. Notes pour l’histoire de la chanson 1861, source galicabn.fr bibliothèque de la France</li> <li>MALLAL, M. (2006), anzwum, Imprimerie Publisud, Ouarzazate, Maroc.</li> <li>PEYRON, M.et al (1993), « Chants berbères du Maroc », Encyclopédie Berbère, (Disponible sur :<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://encyclopedieberbere.revues.org/2102">https://encyclopedieberbere.revues.org/2102</a>).</li> <li>PRATX P. (1999), « Des Chansons pour des situations de communication», Le français dans le monde, n° 303, Mars-Avril, PP : 2-10 (disponible sur http:// sowiport. gesis.org/ search/id/ fis-bildung- 502844).</li> <li>RADI, D. (2006) Chants de mariage fond de sentences, série d’étude n’05, édition Institut Royale de la Culture Amazighe, Rabat.</li> <li>Skounti A. (2012) les Cahiers du musée berbère N°21 fondations jardin Majorelle publié par litograf, Tanger</li> <li>TABTI, F. (2011), « Identité et altérité dans la chanson kabyle engagée des années 1990 : Idir, Lounès Matoub et Aït Menguellet », Insaniyat nº 54, Octobre-Décembre pp. 127-145.</li> <li>TAIFI, M. (2004), « Si les berbérophones ne s'entendent pas, qu'ils s’écrivent ! Pour une écriture grammaticale du berbère à usage didactique », dans M. AMEUR et A. BOUMALK (Éd.), Standardisation de l’amazighe, Actes du séminaire organisé par le Centre de l’Aménagement Linguistique les 8-9 décembre 2003, Publications de l’Institut Royal de la Culture Amazighe, Centre de l’Aménagement Linguistique, Série : Colloques et séminaires- N° 3, Imprimerie El Maârif Al Jadida, Rabat.</li> <li>TOUMI, A. (2016), L’essentiel en didactique du français langue étrangère: Concepts, Méthodologies et approches pédagogiques, 1re éd, El Maârif Al Jadida, Rabat.</li> <li>TOURAINE, A. (1993), Production de la société, Librairie Française, Paris, France.</li> <li>YVES , P.(2001), «Peinture et poésie, Le dialogue par le livre», pp 3-15. (Disponible sur :<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://regardssurunevissansfin.hautetfort.com/archive/2012/09/02/les-rapports-entre-la-poesie-la-musique-et-la-+peinture.html">http://regardssurunevissansfin.hautetfort.com/archive/2012/09/02/les-rapports-entre-la-poesie-la-musique-et-la-+peinture.html</a>. (Consulté le 2/2/2017).</li> <li>Zunthor P. (1983) « le discours de la poésie orale» La poétique N° 52 Paris, seuil.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="background-color:#F8F9FA; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #A2A9B1; padding: 5px"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-style: none none none none;"><div class="center" style="font-weight:bold;"><big> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Afaylu:Ya%E1%BA%93.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ya%E1%BA%93.png/30px-Ya%E1%BA%93.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ya%E1%BA%93.png/45px-Ya%E1%BA%93.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ya%E1%BA%93.png/60px-Ya%E1%BA%93.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Aggur:Imazi%C9%A3en" class="mw-redirect" title="Aggur:Imaziɣen">Imaziɣn</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">     </span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Afaylu:Leonardo_polyhedra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Leonardo_polyhedra.png/30px-Leonardo_polyhedra.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Leonardo_polyhedra.png/45px-Leonardo_polyhedra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Leonardo_polyhedra.png/60px-Leonardo_polyhedra.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1063" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Aggur:Ta%E1%BA%93u%E1%B9%9Bi" title="Aggur:Taẓuṛi">Taẓuṛi</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">     </span></big></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isaɣuln"><span id="Isa.C9.A3uln"></span>Isaɣuln</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%E1%B8%A5idus&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Snfl tigzmi: Isaɣuln" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ssnfl</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%E1%B8%A5idus&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Isaɣuln"><span>Snfl asagm</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">JOUAD, H.« Les imdyazen : une voix de l’intellectualité rurale ». Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée. n°51, 1989/1, p. 100-110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zunthor P. (1983) « le discours de la poésie orale» La poétique N° 52 Paris, seuil.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">PEYRON, M.et al (1993), « Chants berbères du Maroc », Encyclopédie Berbère, (Disponible sur :<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://encyclopedieberbere.revues.org/2102">https://encyclopedieberbere.revues.org/2102</a>)</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Yurrid zɣ "<a dir="ltr" href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aḥidus&oldid=45350">https://shi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aḥidus&oldid=45350</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Am%E1%BA%93li:Cat%C3%A9gories" title="Amẓli:Catégories">Taggayin</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taggayt:Imnnitn_g_tlla_tn%E1%B8%8D%E1%B8%8Damt" title="Taggayt:Imnnitn g tlla tnḍḍamt">Imnnitn g tlla tnḍḍamt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taggayt:Tamazi%C9%A3t" title="Taggayt:Tamaziɣt">Tamaziɣt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taggayt:Ta%E1%BA%93u%E1%B9%9Bi" title="Taggayt:Taẓuṛi">Taẓuṛi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taggayt:Imazi%C9%A3en" title="Taggayt:Imaziɣen">Imaziɣen</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taggayt:Amnni_ittyaran_s_tfina%C9%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taggayt:Amnni ittyaran s tfinaɣ (ur tlli tasna ad)">Amnni ittyaran s tfinaɣ</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tikklt tamggarut ɣ tettusnfal tasna ad tga t ass n 30 Ɣuct 2023, ɣ 00:11.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Aḍṛiṣ ad illa ddu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; ẓḍarn ad fllas zaydn tifadiwin yaḍn. 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