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Ezzati</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: R. Ezzati"> <meta name="keywords" content="R. Ezzati"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="R. 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Ezzati"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 10</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: R. Ezzati</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> A Review of Security Attacks and Intrusion Detection Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maleh%20Yassine">Maleh Yassine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezzati%20Abdellah"> Ezzati Abdellah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are currently used in different industrial and consumer applications, such as earth monitoring, health related applications, natural disaster prevention, and many other areas. Security is one of the major aspects of wireless sensor networks due to the resource limitations of sensor nodes. However, these networks are facing several threats that affect their functioning and their life. In this paper we present security attacks in wireless sensor networks, and we focus on a review and analysis of the recent Intrusion Detection schemes in WSNs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks" title="wireless sensor networks">wireless sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20attack" title=" security attack"> security attack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denial%20of%20service" title=" denial of service"> denial of service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDS" title=" IDS"> IDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster-based%20model" title=" cluster-based model"> cluster-based model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signature%20based%20IDS" title=" signature based IDS"> signature based IDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20IDS" title=" hybrid IDS"> hybrid IDS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5249/a-review-of-security-attacks-and-intrusion-detection-schemes-in-wireless-sensor-networks-a-survey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Clustering Based and Centralized Routing Table Topology of Control Protocol in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mbida%20Mohamed">Mbida Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezzati%20Abdellah"> Ezzati Abdellah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A strong challenge in the wireless sensor networks (WSN) is to save the energy and have a long life time in the network without having a high rate of loss information. However, topology control (TC) protocols are designed in a way that the network is divided and having a standard system of exchange packets between nodes. In this article, we will propose a clustering based and centralized routing table protocol of TC (CBCRT) which delegates a leader node that will encapsulate a single routing table in every cluster nodes. Hence, if a node wants to send packets to the sink, it requests the information's routing table of the current cluster from the node leader in order to root the packet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20wireless%20sensor%20networks" title="mobile wireless sensor networks">mobile wireless sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=routing" title=" routing"> routing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topology%20of%20control" title=" topology of control"> topology of control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protocols" title=" protocols"> protocols</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54518/clustering-based-and-centralized-routing-table-topology-of-control-protocol-in-mobile-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Effect pH on Chemical and Physical Properties of Iranian Fetta Cheese</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Dezyani">M. Dezyani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ezzati"> R. Ezzati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Mirzaei"> H. Mirzaei </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of pH on chemical, structural, and functional properties of Fetta cheese, and to relate changes in structure to changes in cheese unctionality. Fetta cheese was obtained from a cheese-production facility and stored at 4掳C. Ten days after manufacture, the cheese was cut into blocks that were vacuum-packaged and stored for 4 d at 4掳C. Cheese blocks were then high-pressure injected one, three, or five times with a 20% (wt/wt) glucono-未-lactone solution. Successive injections were performed 24 h apart. Cheese blocks were then analyzed after 40 d of storage at 4掳C. Acidulant injection decreased cheese pH from 5.3 in the uninjected cheese to 4.7 after five injections. Decreased pH increased the content of soluble calcium and slightly decreased the total calcium content of cheese. At the highest level, injection of acidulant promoted syneresis. Thus, after five injections, the moisture content of cheese decreased from 34 to 31%, which esulted in decreased cheese weight. Lowered cheese pH, 4.7 compared with 5.3, also resulted in contraction of the protein matrix. Acidulant injection decreased cheese hardness and cohesiveness, and the cheese became more crumbly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium" title="calcium">calcium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-pressure%20injection" title=" high-pressure injection"> high-pressure injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20matrix" title=" protein matrix"> protein matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syneresis" title=" syneresis"> syneresis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26293/effect-ph-on-chemical-and-physical-properties-of-iranian-fetta-cheese" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">480</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Use of Improved Genetic Algorithm in Cloud Computing to Reduce Energy Consumption in Migration of Virtual Machines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marziyeh%20Bahrami">Marziyeh Bahrami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Pahlevan%20Hsseini"> Hamed Pahlevan Hsseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behnam%20Ghamami"> Behnam Ghamami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arman%20Alvanpour"> Arman Alvanpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Ezzati"> Hamed Ezzati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Salar%20Sadeghi"> Amir Salar Sadeghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the ways to increase the efficiency of services in the system of agents and, of course, in the world of cloud computing, is to use virtualization techniques. The aim of this research is to create changes in cloud computing services that will reduce as much as possible the energy consumption related to the migration of virtual machines and, in some way, the energy related to the allocation of resources and reduce the amount of pollution. So far, several methods have been proposed to increase the efficiency of cloud computing services in order to save energy in the cloud environment. The method presented in this article tries to prevent energy consumption by data centers and the subsequent production of carbon and biological pollutants as much as possible by increasing the efficiency of cloud computing services. The results show that the proposed algorithm, using the improvement in virtualization techniques and with the help of a genetic algorithm, improves the efficiency of cloud services in the matter of migrating virtual machines and finally saves consumption. becomes energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumption%20reduction" title="consumption reduction">consumption reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title=" cloud computing"> cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=live%20migration" title=" live migration"> live migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20Machine" title=" virtual Machine"> virtual Machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185270/use-of-improved-genetic-algorithm-in-cloud-computing-to-reduce-energy-consumption-in-migration-of-virtual-machines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Nonlinear Relationship between Globalization and Control of Corruption along with Economic Growth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elnaz%20Entezar">Elnaz Entezar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Ezzati"> Reza Ezzati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent decades, trade flows, capital, workforce, technology and information have increased between international borders and the globalization has turned to an undeniable process in international economics. Meanwhile, despite the positive aspects of globalization, the critics of globalization opine that the risks and costs of globalization for developing vulnerable economies and the world's impoverished people are high and significant. In this regard, this study by using the data of KOF Economic Institute and the World Bank for 113 different countries during the period 2002-2012, by taking advantage of panel smooth transition regression, and by taking the gross domestic product as transmission variables discuss the nonlinear relationship between research variables. The results have revealed that globalization in low regime (countries with low GDP) has negative impact whereas in high regime (countries with high GDP) has a positive impact. In spite of the fact that in the early stages of growth, control of corruption has a positive impact on economic growth, after a threshold has a negative impact on economic growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalization" title="globalization">globalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corruption" title=" corruption"> corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=panel%20smooth%20transition%20model" title=" panel smooth transition model"> panel smooth transition model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold" title=" threshold"> threshold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20convergence" title=" economic convergence"> economic convergence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57386/nonlinear-relationship-between-globalization-and-control-of-corruption-along-with-economic-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57386.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Microstracture of Iranian Processed Cheese</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ezzati">R. Ezzati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Dezyani"> M. Dezyani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Mirzaei"> H. Mirzaei </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effects of the concentration of trisodium citrate (TSC) emulsifying salt (0.25 to 2.75%) and holding time (0 to 20 min) on the textural, rheological, and microstructural properties of Iranian Processed Cheese Cheddar cheese were studied using a central composite rotatable design. The loss tangent parameter (from small amplitude oscillatory rheology), extent of flow, and melt area (from the Schreiber test) all indicated that the meltability of process cheese decreased with increased concentration of TSC and that holding time led to a slight reduction in meltability. Hardness increased as the concentration of TSC increased. Fluorescence micrographs indicated that the size of fat droplets decreased with an increase in the concentration of TSC and with longer holding times. Acid-base titration curves indicated that the buffering peak at pH 4.8, which is due to residual colloidal calcium phosphate, decreased as the concentration of TSC increased. The soluble phosphate content increased as concentration of TSC increased. However, the insoluble Ca decreased with increasing concentration of TSC. The results of this study suggest that TSC chelated Ca from colloidal calcium phosphate and dispersed casein; the citrate-Ca complex remained trapped within the process cheese matrix. Increasing the concentration of TSC helped to improve fat emulsification and casein dispersion during cooking, both of which probably helped to reinforce the structure of process cheese. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iranian%20processed%20cheese" title="Iranian processed cheese">Iranian processed cheese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cheddar%20cheese" title=" cheddar cheese"> cheddar cheese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsifying%20salt" title=" emulsifying salt"> emulsifying salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheology" title=" rheology"> rheology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26295/microstracture-of-iranian-processed-cheese" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Effect of Microfiltration on the Composition and Ripening of Iranian Fetta Cheese</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Dezyani">M. Dezyani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ezzati%20belvirdi"> R. Ezzati belvirdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shakerian"> M. Shakerian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Mirzaei"> H. Mirzaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of Microfiltration (MF) on proteolysis, hardness, and flavor of Feta cheese during 6 mo of aging was determined. Raw skim milk was microfiltered two-fold in two cheese making trials. In trial 1, four vats of cheese were made in 1 d using unconcentrated milk (1X), 1.26X, 1.51X, and 1.82X Concentration Factors (CF). Casein-(CN)-to-fat ratio was constant among treatments. Proteolysis during cheese aging decreased with increasing CF due to either limitation of substrate availability for chymosin due to low moisture in the nonfat substance (MNFS), inhibition of chymosin activity by high molecular weight milk serum proteins, such as 伪2-macroglobulin, retained in the cheese or low residual chymosin in the cheese. Hardness of fresh cheese increased, and cheese flavor intensity decreased with increasing CF. In trial 2, the 1X and 1.8X CF were compared directly. Changes made in the cheese making procedure for the 1.8X CF (more chymosin and less cooking) increased the MNFS and made proteolysis during aging more comparable for the 1X and 1.8X cheeses. The significant difference in cheese hardness due to CF in trial 1 was eliminated in trial 2. In a triangle test, panelists could not differentiate between the 1X and 1.8X cheeses. Therefore, increasing chymosin and making the composition of the two cheeses more similar allowed production of aged Fetta cheese from milk concentrated up to 1.8X by MF that was not perceived as different from aged feta cheese produced without MF. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feta%20cheese" title="feta cheese">feta cheese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfiltration" title=" microfiltration"> microfiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration%20factor" title=" concentration factor"> concentration factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteolysis" title=" proteolysis"> proteolysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30695/effect-of-microfiltration-on-the-composition-and-ripening-of-iranian-fetta-cheese" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> The Role of QX-314 and Capsaicin in Producing Long-Lasting Local Anesthesia in the Animal Model of Trigeminal Neuralgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezzati%20Givi%20M.">Ezzati Givi M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezzatigivi%20N."> Ezzatigivi N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eimani%20H."> Eimani H.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) consists of painful attacks often triggered with general activities, which cause impairment and disability. The first line of treatment consists of pharmacotherapy. However, the occurrence of many side-effects limits its application. Acute pain relief is crucial for titrating oral drugs and making time for neurosurgical intervention. This study aimed to examine the long-term anesthetic effect of QX-314 and capsaicin in trigeminal neuralgia using an animal model. TN was stimulated by surgical constriction of the infraorbital nerve in rats. After seven days, anesthesia infiltration was done, and the duration of mechanical allodynia was compared. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups as follows: control (normal saline); lidocaine (2%); QX314 (30 mM); lidocaine (2%)+QX314 (15 mM); lidocaine (2%)+QX314 (22 mM); lidocaine (2%)+QX314 (30 mM); and lidocaine (2%)+QX314 (30 mM) +capsaicin (1渭g). QX314 in combination with lidocaine significantly increased the duration of anesthesia, which was dose-dependent. The combination of lidocaine+QX314+capsaicin could significantly increase the duration of anesthesia in trigeminal neuralgia. In the present study, we demonstrated that the combination of QX-314 with lidocaine and capsaicin produced a long-lasting, reversible local anesthesia and was superior to lidocaine alone in the fields of the duration of trigeminal neuropathic pain blockage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trigeminal%20neuralgia" title="trigeminal neuralgia">trigeminal neuralgia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capsaicin" title=" capsaicin"> capsaicin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lidocaine" title=" lidocaine"> lidocaine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long-lasting" title=" long-lasting"> long-lasting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149111/the-role-of-qx-314-and-capsaicin-in-producing-long-lasting-local-anesthesia-in-the-animal-model-of-trigeminal-neuralgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Iranian Processed Cheese under Effect of Emulsifier Salts and Cooking Time in Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Dezyani">M. Dezyani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ezzati%20bbelvirdi"> R. Ezzati bbelvirdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shakerian"> M. Shakerian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Mirzaei"> H. Mirzaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is commonly used as an Emulsifying Salt (ES) in process cheese, although rarely as the sole ES. It appears that no published studies exist on the effect of SHMP concentration on the properties of process cheese when pH is kept constant; pH is well known to affect process cheese functionality. The detailed interactions between the added phosphate, Casein (CN), and indigenous Ca phosphate are poorly understood. We studied the effect of the concentration of SHMP (0.25-2.75%) and holding time (0-20 min) on the textural and Rheological properties of pasteurized process Cheddar cheese using a central composite rotatable design. All cheeses were adjusted to pH 5.6. The meltability of process cheese (as indicated by the decrease in loss tangent parameter from small amplitude oscillatory rheology, degree of flow, and melt area from the Schreiber test) decreased with an increase in the concentration of SHMP. Holding time also led to a slight reduction in meltability. Hardness of process cheese increased as the concentration of SHMP increased. Acid-base titration curves indicated that the buffering peak at pH 4.8, which is attributable to residual colloidal Ca phosphate, was shifted to lower pH values with increasing concentration of SHMP. The insoluble Ca and total and insoluble P contents increased as concentration of SHMP increased. The proportion of insoluble P as a percentage of total (indigenous and added) P decreased with an increase in ES concentration because of some of the (added) SHMP formed soluble salts. The results of this study suggest that SHMP chelated the residual colloidal Ca phosphate content and dispersed CN; the newly formed Ca-phosphate complex remained trapped within the process cheese matrix, probably by cross-linking CN. Increasing the concentration of SHMP helped to improve fat emulsification and CN dispersion during cooking, both of which probably helped to reinforce the structure of process cheese. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iranian%20processed%20cheese" title="Iranian processed cheese">Iranian processed cheese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsifying%20salt" title=" emulsifying salt"> emulsifying salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheology" title=" rheology"> rheology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=texture" title=" texture "> texture </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30694/iranian-processed-cheese-under-effect-of-emulsifier-salts-and-cooking-time-in-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Effect of a Synthetic Platinum-Based Complex on Autophagy Induction in Leydig TM3 Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezzati%20Givi%20M.">Ezzati Givi M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoveizi%20E."> Hoveizi E.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nezhad%20Marani%20N."> Nezhad Marani N.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Platinum-based anticancer therapeutics are the most widely used drugs in clinical chemotherapy but have major limitations and various side effects in clinical applications. Gonadotoxicity and sterility is one of the most common complications for cancer survivors, which seem to be drug-specific and dose-related. Therefore, many efforts have been dedicated to discovering a new structure of platinum-based anticancer agents with improved therapeutic index, fewer side effects. In this regard, new Pt(II)-phosphane complexes containing heterocyclic thionate ligands (PCTL) have been synthesized, which show more potent antitumor activities in comparison to cisplatin. Cisplatin, the best leading metal-based antitumor drug in the field, induces testicular toxicity on Leydig and Sertoli cells leading to serious side effects such as azoospermia and infertility. Therefore in the present study, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity effect of PCTL on mice TM4 Sertoli cells with particular emphasis on the role of autophagy in comparison to cisplatin. In this study, an MTT assay was performed to evaluate the IC50 of PCTL and to analyze the TM3 Leydig cell's viability. Cells morphology was evaluated via invert microscope and Changing in morphology for nuclei swelling or autophagic vacuoles formation were assessed by DAPI and MDC staining. Testosterone production in the culture medium was measured using an ELISA kit. Finally, the expression of Autophagy-related genes, Atg5, Beclin1 and p62, were analyzed by qPCR. Based on the obtained results by MTT, the IC50 value of PCTL was 50 渭M in TM3 cells and cytotoxic effects was in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cells morphological changes investigated by inverted microscopy, DAPI, and MDC staining which showed the cytotoxic concentrations of PCTL was significantly higher than cisplatin in the treated TM3 Leydig cells. The results of PCR showed a lack of expression of the p62, Atg5 and Beclin1 gene in TM3 cells treated with PCTL in comparison to cisplatin and control groups. It should be noted that the effects of 25 渭M PCTL concentration on TM3 cells have been associated with increased testosterone production and secretion, which requires further study to explain the possible causes and involved molecular mechanisms. The results of the study showed that the PCTL had less-lethal effects on TM3 cells in comparison to cisplatin and probably did not induce autophagy in TM3 cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platinum-based%20anticancer%20agents" title="platinum-based anticancer agents">platinum-based anticancer agents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cisplatin" title=" cisplatin"> cisplatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leydig%20TM3%20cells" title=" Leydig TM3 cells"> Leydig TM3 cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autophagy" title=" autophagy"> autophagy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149103/effect-of-a-synthetic-platinum-based-complex-on-autophagy-induction-in-leydig-tm3-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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