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<nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Concreto</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 113 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-113" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">113 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembok" title="Tembok — achém" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Tembok" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achém" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — alemão suíço" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemão suíço" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornig%C3%B3n" title="Fornigón — aragonês" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fornigón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9" title="خرسانة — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خرسانة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%86" title="بيطون — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بيطون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formig%C3%B3n" title="Formigón — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Formigón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="بتون — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بتون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон — bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedau" title="Bedau — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Bedau" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бэтон — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бэтон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F" title="কংক্রিট — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কংক্রিট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beto%C3%B1s" title="Betoñs — bretão" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Betoñs" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон — Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formig%C3%B3" title="Formigó — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Formigó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="کۆنکریت — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆنکریت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrit" title="Concrit — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Concrit" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betonvaney" title="Betonvaney — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Betonvaney" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BA%CF%85%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Σκυρόδεμα — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σκυρόδεμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Concrete" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betono" title="Betono — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Betono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormig%C3%B3n" title="Hormigón — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hormigón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betoon" title="Betoon — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Betoon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormigoi" title="Hormigoi — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hormigoi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%86" title="بتن — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بتن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betoni" title="Betoni — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Betoni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9ton_de_ciment" title="Béton de ciment — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Béton de ciment" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A8ton" title="Bèton — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bèton" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — frísio setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frísio setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — frísico ocidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frísico ocidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coincr%C3%A9it" title="Coincréit — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Coincréit" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruadhtan" title="Cruadhtan — gaélico escocês" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cruadhtan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formig%C3%B3n" title="Formigón — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Formigón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%B4ng-k%C3%BA-li%CC%8Dt" title="Không-kú-li̍t — hacá" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Không-kú-li̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hacá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="בטון — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F" title="कंक्रीट — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कंक्रीट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Բետոն — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բետոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — interlíngua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlíngua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betono" title="Betono — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Betono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinsteypa" title="Steinsteypa — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Steinsteypa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcestruzzo" title="Calcestruzzo — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calcestruzzo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="コンクリート — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コンクリート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — javanês" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბეტონი — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბეტონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84" title="បេតុង — khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បេតុង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಾಂಕ್ರೀಟ್ — canarim" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾಂಕ್ರೀಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%98%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%B8" title="콘크리트 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콘크리트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон — quirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="quirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudus_concretum" title="Rudus concretum — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rudus concretum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ABtong" title="Bëtong — luxemburguês" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bëtong" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet%C3%B3n" title="Petón — limburguês" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Petón" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botumm" title="Botumm — lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Botumm" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betonas" title="Betonas — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Betonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betons" title="Betons — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Betons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="കോൺക്രീറ്റ് — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോൺക്രീറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон — mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkrit" title="Konkrit — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Konkrit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F" title="कङ्क्रिट — nepalês" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कङ्क्रिट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betong" title="Betong — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Betong" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betong" title="Betong — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Betong" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betum" title="Betum — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Betum" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%87" title="گاگره — pastó" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="گاگره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmiyun" title="Urmiyun — quíchua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Urmiyun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quíchua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон — sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete — scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Concrete" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Concrete" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet%C3%B3n" title="Betón — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Betón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betoni" title="Betoni — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Betoni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — sundanês" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betong" title="Betong — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Betong" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zege" title="Zege — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Zege" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="பைஞ்சுதை — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பைஞ்சுதை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81" title="కాంక్రీటు — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాంక్రీటు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон — tajique" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95" title="คอนกรีต — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอนกรีต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongkreto" title="Kongkreto — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kongkreto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бетон — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бетон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="کنکریٹ — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کنکریٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beton" title="Beton — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Beton" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concreto" title="Concreto — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Concreto" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AA_t%C3%B4ng" title="Bê tông — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bê tông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konkreto" title="Konkreto — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Konkreto" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F" title="混凝土 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="混凝土" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekhonkrithi" title="Ekhonkrithi — xosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ekhonkrithi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბეტონი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბეტონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F" title="בעטאן — iídiche" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בעטאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="iídiche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F" title="混凝土 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="混凝土" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C5%8Dng-ku-l%C3%AD" title="Khōng-ku-lí — min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khōng-ku-lí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%B1%8E" title="石屎 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="石屎" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspeto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/20px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/30px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/40px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b>Nota:</b> Para outros significados, veja <a href="/wiki/Concreto_(desambigua%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" class="mw-disambig" title="Concreto (desambiguação)">Concreto (desambiguação)</a>.</div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/20px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/30px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/40px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b>Nota:</b> Para outros significados de Betão, veja <a href="/wiki/Bet%C3%A3o_(desambigua%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" class="mw-disambig" title="Betão (desambiguação)">Betão (desambiguação)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Concrete_cellar_10007.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Concrete_cellar_10007.JPG/257px-Concrete_cellar_10007.JPG" decoding="async" width="257" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Concrete_cellar_10007.JPG/386px-Concrete_cellar_10007.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Concrete_cellar_10007.JPG/514px-Concrete_cellar_10007.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Constru%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Construção">Construção</a> em concreto.</figcaption></figure> <p>O <span class="no-conversion"><b><span lang="pt-br">concreto</span></b> <sup>(<a href="/wiki/Portugu%C3%AAs_brasileiro" title="Português brasileiro">português brasileiro</a>)</sup> ou <b><span lang="pt-pt">betão</span></b> <sup>(<a href="/wiki/Portugu%C3%AAs_europeu" title="Português europeu">português europeu</a>)</sup></span> é o material mais utilizado na <a href="/wiki/Constru%C3%A7%C3%A3o_civil" class="mw-redirect" title="Construção civil">construção civil</a>, sendo composto por uma mistura de <a href="/wiki/%C3%81gua" title="Água">água</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cimento_Portland" title="Cimento Portland">cimento</a> e <a href="/wiki/Agregados_de_constru%C3%A7%C3%A3o_civil" title="Agregados de construção civil">agregados</a>. </p><p>O cimento é o aglomerante do <b>concreto</b> que une os agregados. Estes podem ser agregados miúdos (areias naturais ou artificiais) ou agregados graúdos (pedras britadas ou seixos). Associando esses materiais de diferentes maneiras pode-se ter: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Blocos.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Blocos.JPG/177px-Blocos.JPG" decoding="async" width="177" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Blocos.JPG/265px-Blocos.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Blocos.JPG/354px-Blocos.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bloco" class="mw-disambig" title="Bloco">Blocos</a> de concreto em área de <a href="/wiki/Constru%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Construção">construção</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Pasta, Nata ou Calda: cimento + água;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argamassa" title="Argamassa">Argamassa</a>: pasta + agregado miúdo;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Concreto:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> argamassa + agregado graúdo;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>A estas associações, podem ser acrescidos aditivos e adições. </p><p>Contrariando o que é comumente difundido, a adição de agregados de maiores dimensões para compor o concreto não tem a finalidade, apenas, de diminuir o custo do seu volume unitário. As razões, além da redução do custo, são também os ganhos significativos relacionados à sua funcionalidade e vida útil, uma vez que tais agregados garantem menos retração na cura (podendo ser 10 vezes menor que a retração apresentada pela pasta de cimento pura), evitando assim fissurações, e garantindo menor fluência (também podendo chegar a ser 10 vezes menor que a fluência apresentada pela pasta de cimento pura).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historicamente, os <a href="/wiki/Roma_Antiga" title="Roma Antiga">romanos</a> foram os primeiros a usar uma espécie de concreto para assentar seus tijolos cerâmicos maciços. Eles utilizavam, como cimento, <a href="/wiki/Pozolana" title="Pozolana">pozolana</a> natural e <a href="/wiki/Cal" title="Cal">cal</a>. Embora o primeiro uso seja muito antigo, o cimento e concreto ficaram esquecidos por conta da ruralização da Europa na <a href="/wiki/Idade_M%C3%A9dia" title="Idade Média">Idade Média</a>. O material só veio a ser novamente desenvolvido e pesquisado no <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XIX" title="Século XIX">século XIX</a>. </p><p>O concreto simples possui uma razoável resistência a compressão (esmagamento), entretanto uma baixa resistência a tração (cerca de 10% do valor da compressão). Como na maioria das estruturas é comum se encontrar os dois tipos de esforços, o uso do concreto se dá normalmente junto com um outro material (na maioria das vezes <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A7o_carbono" class="mw-redirect" title="Aço carbono">aço carbono</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Concrete.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Concrete.jpg/218px-Concrete.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Concrete.jpg/327px-Concrete.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Concrete.jpg/436px-Concrete.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Detalhe de uma <a href="/wiki/Parede" title="Parede">parede</a> de concreto.</figcaption></figure> <p>O tipo de armadura empregada caracteriza o concreto. Usualmente, chama-se de <a href="/wiki/Concreto_armado" title="Concreto armado">concreto armado</a>, quando o aço é disposta nos locais apropriados (armadura passiva). Quando o aço colocado na estrutura sofre a aplicação de um alongamento (tracionado antes ou depois de concretado), recebe o nome de <a href="/wiki/Bet%C3%A3o_pr%C3%A9-esfor%C3%A7ado" title="Betão pré-esforçado">concreto protendido</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Além disso, existem vários tipos de concretos especiais, como o concreto autoadensável, concreto leve, concreto pós-reativo, concreto translúcido, concreto colorido, concreto com fibras, que são utilizados de acordo com necessidades específicas de cada projeto. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resistência"><span id="Resist.C3.AAncia"></span>Resistência</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concreto&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Resistência" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concreto&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Resistência"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Concrete_pouring.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Concrete_pouring.jpg/180px-Concrete_pouring.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Concrete_pouring.jpg/270px-Concrete_pouring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Concrete_pouring.jpg/360px-Concrete_pouring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Fundação de uma <a href="/wiki/Casa" title="Casa">casa</a> sendo feita com concreto.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sua resistência e durabilidade dependem da proporção entre os materiais que o constituem. A mistura entre os materiais constituintes é chamada de dosagem ou traço. </p><p>Na mistura para a composição do concreto, o cimento é o elemento fundamental de ligação (cola) entre os agregados. Essa cola é o elemento mais fraco da composição, portanto é ela que determina a resistência final do concreto. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Museo_del_Hormig%C3%B3n_Angel_Mateos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Museo_del_Hormig%C3%B3n_Angel_Mateos.jpg/220px-Museo_del_Hormig%C3%B3n_Angel_Mateos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Museo_del_Hormig%C3%B3n_Angel_Mateos.jpg/330px-Museo_del_Hormig%C3%B3n_Angel_Mateos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Museo_del_Hormig%C3%B3n_Angel_Mateos.jpg/440px-Museo_del_Hormig%C3%B3n_Angel_Mateos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><i>Museo del Hormigón Angel Mateos</i>, em <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A água utilizada contribui para a reação química que transforma o <a href="/wiki/Cimento_Portland" title="Cimento Portland">cimento Portland</a> em uma pasta aglomerante. Se a quantidade de água for muito pequena, a reação não ocorrerá por completo e também a facilidade de se adaptar às formas ficará prejudicada, porém se a quantidade for superior à ideal, a resistência diminuirá em função dos poros que ocorrerão quando este excesso evaporar. A <a href="/wiki/Porosidade" title="Porosidade">porosidade</a>, por sua vez, tem influência na impermeabilidade e, consequentemente, na durabilidade das estruturas confeccionadas em concreto. A proporção entre a água e o cimento utilizados na mistura é chamada de fator água/cimento. As proporções entre areia e <a href="/wiki/Brita" title="Brita">brita</a> na mistura têm influência na facilidade de se adaptar às formas e na resistência. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constituição"><span id="Constitui.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Constituição</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concreto&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Constituição" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concreto&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Constituição"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Mineola_Memorial_Pk_td_64.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Mineola_Memorial_Pk_td_64.jpg/220px-Mineola_Memorial_Pk_td_64.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Mineola_Memorial_Pk_td_64.jpg/330px-Mineola_Memorial_Pk_td_64.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Mineola_Memorial_Pk_td_64.jpg/440px-Mineola_Memorial_Pk_td_64.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Pavimento com blocos de concreto</figcaption></figure> <p>Materiais constituintes do concreto: </p> <ul><li>Aglomerante — <a href="/wiki/Cimento_Portland" title="Cimento Portland">cimento Portland</a>;</li> <li>Agregado Miúdo — <a href="/wiki/Areia" title="Areia">areia</a> natural ou artificial (pó de pedra beneficiado), pó de pedra;</li> <li>Agregado Graúdo — <a href="/wiki/Pedra" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedra">pedra</a> britada ou seixo natural;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81gua" title="Água">Água</a> — pode ter parte ou totalidade substituída por gelo;</li> <li>Aditivo — plastificante, retardador de pega, aumenta fluidez;</li> <li>Adições — metacaulim, <a href="/wiki/Cinza" title="Cinza">cinza</a> volante, <a href="/wiki/Pozolana" title="Pozolana">pozolanas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cal" title="Cal">cal</a>, pó de pedra;</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recordes_mundiais">Recordes mundiais</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concreto&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Recordes mundiais" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concreto&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Recordes mundiais"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O recorde mundial para o maior despejo de concreto em um único projeto é a <a href="/wiki/Barragem_das_Tr%C3%AAs_Gargantas" class="mw-redirect" title="Barragem das Três Gargantas">Barragem das Três Gargantas</a> na Província de Hubei, China, pela Corporação das Três Gargantas. A quantidade de concreto utilizada na construção da barragem é estimada em 16 milhões de metros cúbicos ao longo de 17 anos. O recorde anterior era de 12,3 milhões de metros cúbicos mantido pela <a href="/wiki/Usina_Hidrel%C3%A9trica_de_Itaipu" title="Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipu">usina hidrelétrica de Itaipu</a> no Brasil.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-probeinternational.org_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-probeinternational.org-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O recorde mundial para bombeamento de concreto foi estabelecido em 7 de agosto de 2009 durante a construção do Projeto Hidrelétrico <a href="/wiki/Parbati" class="mw-redirect" title="Parbati">Parbati</a>, perto da vila de Suind, <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>, Índia, quando a mistura de concreto foi bombeada a uma altura vertical de 715 m (2 300 pé).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As obras da barragem Polavaram em <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> em 6 de janeiro de 2019 entraram no <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> por derramar 32.100 metros cúbicos de concreto em 24 horas.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> O recorde mundial para a maior laje de concreto contínuo foi alcançado em agosto de 2007 em Abu Dhabi pela empresa contratante Al Habtoor-CCC Joint Venture e o fornecedor de concreto é Unibeton Ready Mix.<sup id="cite_ref-Concrete_Supplier_for_Landmark_Tower_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Concrete_Supplier_for_Landmark_Tower-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_world_record_Concrete_Supplier_for_Landmark_Tower_Unibeton_Ready_Mix_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_world_record_Concrete_Supplier_for_Landmark_Tower_Unibeton_Ready_Mix-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> O despejo (parte da fundação da Torre Landmark de Abu Dhabi) foi de 16.000 metros cúbicos de concreto derramados em um período de dois dias.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> O recorde anterior, de 13.200 metros cúbicos derramados em 54 horas apesar de uma severa tempestade tropical que exigiu que o local fosse coberto com <a href="/wiki/Lonas" title="Lonas">lonas</a> para permitir que o trabalho continuasse, foi alcançado em 1992 por consórcios japoneses e sul-coreanos Hazama Corporation e <a href="/wiki/Samsung_C%26T_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsung C&T Corporation">Samsung C&T Corporation</a> para a construção das <a href="/wiki/Petronas_Towers" class="mw-redirect" title="Petronas Towers">Petronas Towers</a> em <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A1sia" title="Malásia">Malásia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O recorde mundial para o maior piso contínuo de concreto foi concluído em 8 de novembro de 1997, em <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville</a>, Kentucky, pela empresa de projeto e construção EXXCEL Project Management. A colocação monolítica consistiu em 225 000 pés quadrados (21 000 m<sup>2</sup>) de concreto colocado em 30 horas, finalizado com uma tolerância de planicidade de F<sub>F</sub> 54.60 e uma tolerância de nivelamento de F<sub>L</sub> 43.83. Isso superou o recorde anterior em 50% em volume total e 7,5% em área total.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O recorde para o maior despejo contínuo de concreto subaquático foi concluído em 18 de outubro de 2010, em Nova Orleans, Louisiana, pela empresa contratada C. J. Mahan Construction Company, LLC, de Grove City, Ohio. A colocação consistiu em 10.251 jardas cúbicas de concreto colocadas em 58,5 horas usando duas bombas de concreto e duas usinas de lotes de concreto dedicadas. Após a cura, esta colocação permite que a cofferdam de 50 180 -pé-quadrado (4 700 m<sup>2</sup>) seja desaguada aproximadamente a 26 pés (7,9 m) abaixo do nível do mar para permitir que a construção do Projeto do Soleira e Monólito do Canal de Navegação do Porto Interno seja concluída a seco.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concreto&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concreto&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cimento" title="Cimento">Cimento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concreto_armado" title="Concreto armado">Concreto armado</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3">d</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Carvalho e Figueiredo (2014). <i>Cálculo e detalhamento de estruturas usuais de Concreto Armado</i>. São Carlos: EDUFSCAR</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AConcreto&rft.au=Carvalho+e+Figueiredo&rft.btitle=C%C3%A1lculo+e+detalhamento+de+estruturas+usuais+de+Concreto+Armado&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.place=S%C3%A3o+Carlos&rft.pub=EDUFSCAR&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.concretousinado.com.br/noticias/o-que-e-concreto/">«O que é o concreto?»</a>. <i>Concreto Usinado</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 6 de novembro de 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AConcreto&rft.atitle=O+que+%C3%A9+o+concreto%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Concreto+Usinado&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.concretousinado.com.br%2Fnoticias%2Fo-que-e-concreto%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brooks, Neville (2010). <i>TECNOLOGIA DO CONCRETO</i>. [S.l.]: Bookman</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AConcreto&rft.aufirst=Neville&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.btitle=TECNOLOGIA+DO+CONCRETO&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Bookman&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">FUSCO, Péricles Brasiliense (2008). <i>Tecnologia do Concreto Estrutural</i>. São Paulo: PINI</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AConcreto&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A9ricles+Brasiliense&rft.aulast=FUSCO&rft.btitle=Tecnologia+do+Concreto+Estrutural&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.place=S%C3%A3o+Paulo&rft.pub=PINI&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120209223146/http://www.itaipu.gov.br/en/energy/concrete-pouring">«Site da Itaipu»</a>. 2 de janeiro de 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 2 de janeiro de 2012</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itaipu.gov.br/en/energy/concrete-pouring">original</a> em 9 de fevereiro de 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AConcreto&rft.btitle=Site+da+Itaipu&rft.date=2012-01-02&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itaipu.gov.br%2Fen%2Fenergy%2Fconcrete-pouring&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-probeinternational.org-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-probeinternational.org_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Sources, Other News (14 de julho de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.probeinternational.org/2009/07/14/chinas-three-gorges-dam-numbers-2/">«Barragem das Três Gargantas da China, pelos Números»</a>. <i>Probe International</i> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 13 de agosto de 2022</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170329045941/https://journal.probeinternational.org/2009/07/14/chinas-three-gorges-dam-numbers-2/">Cópia arquivada em 29 de março de 2017</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AConcreto&rft.atitle=Barragem+das+Tr%C3%AAs+Gargantas+da+China%2C+pelos+N%C3%BAmeros&rft.aufirst=Other+News&rft.aulast=Sources&rft.date=2009-07-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Probe+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.probeinternational.org%2F2009%2F07%2F14%2Fchinas-three-gorges-dam-numbers-2%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527044056/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200101/02/eng20010102_59432.html">«Despejo de Concreto do Projeto Três Gargantas Estabelece Recorde Mundial»</a>. <i>People's Daily</i>. 4 de janeiro de 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de agosto de 2009</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200101/02/eng20010102_59432.html">original</a> em 27 de maio de 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AConcreto&rft.atitle=Despejo+de+Concreto+do+Projeto+Tr%C3%AAs+Gargantas+Estabelece+Recorde+Mundial&rft.date=2001-01-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.peopledaily.com.cn%2F200101%2F02%2Feng20010102_59432.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110721155834/http://www.masterbuilder.co.in/ci/293/Concrete-Pumping/">«Bombeamento de Concreto a 715 m Vertical – Um Novo Recorde Mundial Projeto Hidrelétrico Parbati no Duto de Pressão Inclinado de Himachal Pradesh – Um Estudo de Caso»</a>. The Masterbuilder<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 21 de outubro de 2010</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.masterbuilder.co.in/ci/293/Concrete-Pumping/">original</a> em 21 de julho de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AConcreto&rft.btitle=Bombeamento+de+Concreto+a+715+m+Vertical+%93+Um+Novo+Recorde+Mundial+Projeto+Hidrel%C3%A9trico+Parbati+no+Duto+de+Press%C3%A3o+Inclinado+de+Himachal+Pradesh+%93+Um+Estudo+de+Caso&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Masterbuilder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.masterbuilder.co.in%2Fci%2F293%2FConcrete-Pumping%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714161027/http://www.nbmcw.com/articles/equipment-a-machinery/5470-schwing-stetter-launches-new-truck-mounted-concrete-pump-s-36.html">«SCHWING Stetter Lança Nova Bomba de Concreto Montada em Caminhão S-36»</a>. NBM&CW (Novos Materiais de Construção e Mundo da Construção). Outubro de 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 21 de outubro de 2010</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbmcw.com/articles/equipment-a-machinery/5470-schwing-stetter-launches-new-truck-mounted-concrete-pump-s-36.html">original</a> em 14 de julho de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AConcreto&rft.btitle=SCHWING+Stetter+Lan%C3%A7a+Nova+Bomba+de+Concreto+Montada+em+Caminh%C3%A3o+S-36&rft.date=2009-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=NBM%26CW+%28Novos+Materiais+de+Constru%C3%A7%C3%A3o+e+Mundo+da+Constru%C3%A7%C3%A3o%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbmcw.com%2Farticles%2Fequipment-a-machinery%2F5470-schwing-stetter-launches-new-truck-mounted-concrete-pump-s-36.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Janyala, Sreenivas (7 de janeiro de 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/andhra-pradesh-polavaram-project-enters-guinness-book-of-world-record-for-concrete-pouring-5526168/">«Andhra Pradesh: projeto Polavaram entra para o Livro Guinness dos Recordes Mundiais por derramar concreto»</a>. <i>The India Express</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 7 de janeiro de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AConcreto&rft.atitle=Andhra+Pradesh%3A+projeto+Polavaram+entra+para+o+Livro+Guinness+dos+Recordes+Mundiais+por+derramar+concreto&rft.aufirst=Sreenivas&rft.aulast=Janyala&rft.date=2019-01-07&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+India+Express&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Fandhra-pradesh-polavaram-project-enters-guinness-book-of-world-record-for-concrete-pouring-5526168%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Concrete_Supplier_for_Landmark_Tower-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Concrete_Supplier_for_Landmark_Tower_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-11966-unibeton-aims-for-93-co2-reduction/">«Fornecedor de concreto para a Torre Landmark»</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515025317/http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-11966-unibeton-aims-for-93-co2-reduction/">Cópia arquivada em 15 de maio de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AConcreto&rft.btitle=Fornecedor+de+concreto+para+a+Torre+Landmark&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constructionweekonline.com%2Farticle-11966-unibeton-aims-for-93-co2-reduction%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Souza, Vitor Amadeu (1 de agosto de 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://khoancatbetongvip.net/"><i>khoancatbetong</i></a>. [S.l.]: Clube de Autores</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AConcreto&rft.aufirst=Vitor+Amadeu&rft.aulast=Souza&rft.btitle=khoancatbetong&rft.date=2019-08-01&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Clube+de+Autores&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkhoancatbetongvip.net%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_world_record_Concrete_Supplier_for_Landmark_Tower_Unibeton_Ready_Mix-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-The_world_record_Concrete_Supplier_for_Landmark_Tower_Unibeton_Ready_Mix_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aeconline.ae/leading-uae-construction-supplier-to-reduce-co2-emissions-in-concrete-product-27039/news.html">«Fornecedor de concreto recordista mundial para a Torre Landmark Unibeton Ready Mix»</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121124093945/http://www.aeconline.ae/leading-uae-construction-supplier-to-reduce-co2-emissions-in-concrete-product-27039/news.html">Cópia arquivada em 24 de novembro de 2012</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AConcreto&rft.btitle=Fornecedor+de+concreto+recordista+mundial+para+a+Torre+Landmark+Unibeton+Ready+Mix&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aeconline.ae%2Fleading-uae-construction-supplier-to-reduce-co2-emissions-in-concrete-product-27039%2Fnews.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leighton.com.au/verve/_resources/AlHabtoorIssue24.pdf">«Abu Dhabi - Torre Landmark tem um despejo recorde»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Al Habtoor Engineering. Setembro–outubro de 2007. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110308031844/http://www.leighton.com.au/verve/_resources/AlHabtoorIssue24.pdf">Cópia arquivada <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 8 de março de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AConcreto&rft.btitle=Abu+Dhabi+-+Torre+Landmark+tem+um+despejo+recorde&rft.date=2007-09%2F2007-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Al+Habtoor+Engineering&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leighton.com.au%2Fverve%2F_resources%2FAlHabtoorIssue24.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">National Geographic Channel International / Caroline Anstey (2005), Megaestruturas: Petronas Twin Towers</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100526044112/http://concreteproducts.com/mag/concrete_continuous_cast_exxcel/?smte=wr">«Cast Continuado: Exxcel Contract Management supervisiona despejo recorde de concreto»</a>. <i>concreteproducts.com</i>. 1 de março de 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 25 de agosto de 2009</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://concreteproducts.com/mag/concrete_continuous_cast_exxcel/?smte=wr">original</a> em 26 de maio de 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AConcreto&rft.atitle=Cast+Continuado%3A+Exxcel+Contract+Management+supervisiona+despejo+recorde+de+concreto&rft.date=1998-03-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=concreteproducts.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconcreteproducts.com%2Fmag%2Fconcrete_continuous_cast_exxcel%2F%3Fsmte%3Dwr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exxcel.com/">Exxcel Project Management - Design Build, General Contractors</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090828125821/http://www.exxcel.com/">Arquivado em</a> 2009-08-28 no <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Exxcel.com. Acessado em 19 de fevereiro de 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.construction.com/toolkit/reports">«Empreiteiros se Preparam para Fechar Portões da Barreira contra Tempestades de Nova Orleans»</a>. <i>www.construction.com</i>. 12 de maio de 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 13 de agosto de 2022</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130113043115/http://texas.construction.com/texas_construction_news/2011/0512_orleansstormsurgebarrier.asp">Cópia arquivada em 13 de janeiro de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AConcreto&rft.atitle=Empreiteiros+se+Preparam+para+Fechar+Port%C3%B5es+da+Barreira+contra+Tempestades+de+Nova+Orleans&rft.date=2011-05-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.construction.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.construction.com%2Ftoolkit%2Freports&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 0px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/44px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Commons</a> possui uma <i>categoria</i> com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Concrete?uselang=pt">Concreto</a></span></b></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Concreto&oldid=68019456">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Concreto&oldid=68019456</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Concreto" title="Categoria:Concreto">Concreto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Material_de_constru%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Categoria:Material de construção">Material de construção</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Materiais" title="Categoria:Materiais">Materiais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Materiais_artificiais" title="Categoria:Materiais artificiais">Materiais artificiais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Materiais_compostos" title="Categoria:Materiais compostos">Materiais compostos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Ci%C3%AAncia_dos_materiais" title="Categoria:Ciência dos materiais">Ciência dos materiais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Constru%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Categoria:Construção">Construção</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Constru%C3%A7%C3%A3o_civil" title="Categoria:Construção civil">Construção civil</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorias ocultas: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!P%C3%A1ginas_com_argumentos_formatnum_n%C3%A3o_num%C3%A9ricos" title="Categoria:!Páginas com argumentos formatnum não numéricos">!Páginas com argumentos formatnum não numéricos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_ingl%C3%AAs-fontes_em_l%C3%ADngua_(en)" title="Categoria:!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)">!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Webarchive_archiveis_links" title="Categoria:!Predefinição Webarchive archiveis links">!Predefinição Webarchive archiveis links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Palavras_que_diferem_em_vers%C3%B5es_da_l%C3%ADngua_portuguesa" title="Categoria:Palavras que diferem em versões da língua portuguesa">Palavras que diferem em versões da língua portuguesa</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Esta página foi editada pela última vez às 22h30min de 27 de maio de 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Este texto é disponibilizado nos termos da licença <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt">Atribuição-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-SA 4.0) da Creative Commons</a>; pode estar sujeito a condições adicionais. 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