"It's a Wonderful Life": The most terrifying movie ever

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</script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> if(window.salon_config.live_ads == 0) { console.log('ad-free user'); } else{ // Create the ad project var ads_project = (function(sent_in_settings){ var is_mobile = (document.innerWidth <= 768) ? true : false; //default settings var setting_defaults = { "adx" : "yes", "groupname" : "", "is_testing" : "no", "split_testing" : "0", "send_reports" : "0", "logging_turned_on": "false", "site_name" : "site_name", "report_url" : "", "page_template" : "", "sticky_slot_names": [] } // Combine defaults with sent in parameters var project_settings = {...setting_defaults, ...sent_in_settings}; /*************************************** --------------- AD CODE --------------- ***************************************/ // Variables for refresh logic (sticky) var refresh = true; var sticky_refresh_counter = 1; var refresh_timer; var global_ad_slot_name = ""; var global_bidder_name = ""; var last_refresh_time = ""; var unfilled_count = 0; window.htlbid = window.htlbid || {}; htlbid.cmd = htlbid.cmd || []; htlbid.cmd.push(function() { htlbid.layout('universal'); if(project_settings.groupname != "") htlbid.setTargeting("groupname", project_settings.groupname); if(project_settings.page_template != "") htlbid.setTargeting("page_template", project_settings.page_template); htlbid.setTargeting("adx", project_settings.adx); htlbid.setTargeting('is_testing', project_settings.is_testing); htlbid.setTargeting('split_testing', project_settings.split_testing); htlbid.setTargeting('website', project_settings.site_name); // On slot rendering (or unfilled) googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event){ var slot_targeting = event.slot.getTargetingMap(); var bidder_name, size = 0; // If it's empty, no bids? var cpm = (slot_targeting["hb_pb"]) ? slot_targeting["hb_pb"][0] : 0; // In case there is no size from anywhere if(event.size && event.size.length > 0) size = event.size[0]+"x"+event.size[1]; // Either Amazon/ADX or Unfilled if(event.advertiserId != 5280547887){ if(event.advertiserId == 4467125037){ bidder_name = "adx"; if(cpm == 0) cpm = 0.11; } else if(event.advertiserId == 5279698200){ bidder_name = "amazon"; if(cpm == 0) cpm = 0.11; } else if(event.advertiserId == 5291323376) bidder_name = "house"; else if(!event.advertiserId || event.isEmpty) bidder_name = "unfilled"; else bidder_name = "unknown"; if(bidder_name != "unknown" && bidder_name != "unfilled") output_logging("ADX/Amazon bid report"); else output_logging("unknown/unfilled bid report"); } // Bidder won the auction else{ output_logging("Bidders bid report"); bidder_name = (slot_targeting["hb_bidder"]) ? slot_targeting["hb_bidder"][0] : "unknown"; } var slot = { "slotName" : validate_value(event.slot.getAdUnitPath().replace("/1026302/", ""), "string", 50), "cpm" : validate_value(parseFloat(cpm), "number"), "bidder" : validate_value(bidder_name, "string", 50), "size" : validate_value(size, "string", 50), "adUnitCode": validate_value(event.slot.getSlotId().getDomId(), "string", 50), "empty" : validate_value(event.isEmpty, "boolean") }; var slot_tracking = Object.assign({}, page_tracking_data); // Override ad-unit with this ad unit to send reporting data slot_tracking.ad_unit = slot; // Loggin out bid report output_logging(slot_tracking); output_logging(slot_tracking.ad_unit.slotName + " "+ slot_tracking.ad_unit.bidder + ", "+ slot_tracking.ad_unit.cpm); if(project_settings.send_reports == "1"){ try{ // Send actual bid report send_bid_report(slot_tracking); } catch(e){ output_logging("Bid report error"); } } // Sticky changes if(project_settings.sticky_slot_names.includes(slot_tracking.ad_unit.slotName)){ // Check if the bidder is one of these bidders, if so, hide the sticky container if(["gumgum", "kargo", "unknown", "unfilled"].includes(bidder_name)){ document.getElementById("outer_sticky").style.display = "none"; } // All other bidders use our sticky container, show it else{ document.getElementById("outer_sticky").style.display = ""; } // Unfilled slot if(bidder_name == "unfilled"){ unfilled_count++; // Stop refreshing after 3 unfilled impressions if(unfilled_count >= 3){ refresh = false; console.log("Refreshed turned off after 3 unfilled impressions"); } } // Reset unfilled count if it's not in a row else if(bidder_name != "house") unfilled_count = 0; // Start refresh check after every sticky ad has been filled (refreshed) start_refresh(slot_tracking.ad_unit.adUnitCode, bidder_name); } }); }); // Functions for Refresh function start_refresh(ad_slot_name, bidder_name){ // Remove old listener before adding a new one document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange", visibility_change_logic); // Stop here if we don't need to refresh the sticky (or max number of refreshes has been reached) if(!refresh || sticky_refresh_counter > 10){ output_logging("no timer needed"); refresh = false; return; } global_ad_slot_name = ad_slot_name; global_bidder_name = bidder_name; document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", visibility_change_logic); output_logging('refresh timer started'); // Use 35 second tracker on mobile, 40 on desktop if(is_mobile) refresh_timer = refresh_timer_tracker(35, refresh_sticky); else refresh_timer = refresh_timer_tracker(40, refresh_sticky); } // Logic for visibility change function visibility_change_logic(){ // Pause refresh timer if(document.hidden){ refresh_timer.pause() } // Start refresh timer else if(refresh){ refresh_timer.resume(); } } // Timer ended, do refresh function refresh_sticky(){ // If you aren't supposed to refresh output_logging('refresh timer ended'); refresh_timer.delete(); // Kargo if(global_bidder_name == "kargo"){ //close if Kargo container exists, otherwise don't refresh (must have been manually closed) if(window.Kargo) Kargo.CreativeRegister.getCreativesOfType('Hover')[0].destroy(); else refresh = false; } // Gumgum else if(global_bidder_name == "gumgum") { //close if GumGum container exists, otherwise don't refresh (must have been manually closed) if(document.getElementById("GG_PXS") && document.getElementById("GG_PXS").parentNode){ document.getElementById("GG_PXS").parentNode.remove(); } else refresh = false; } // Ogury else if(global_bidder_name == "ogury"){ if(document.getElementById("ogy-ad-slot")){ window.top.dispatchEvent(new Event('ogy_hide')); if(document.getElementById("ogy-ad-slot")) document.getElementById("ogy-ad-slot").remove(); } else refresh=false; } // Refresh slot (if container wasn't manually closed) if(refresh){ sticky_refresh_counter++; //safeguards (max refresh check, minimum time between refreshes) if(sticky_refresh_counter > 12){ refresh = false; refresh_timer.delete(); document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange", visibility_change_logic); return; } if(last_refresh_time != ""){ var current_time = new Date().getTime(); var diff_time = current_time - last_refresh_time; if(diff_time<(30*1000)){ output_logging(diff_time + " less than 30 seconds since last refresh, something wrong with timer"); refresh = false; refresh_timer.delete(); document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange", visibility_change_logic); return; } } last_refresh_time = new Date().getTime(); output_logging("slot "+global_ad_slot_name+" refreshed"); var sticky_refresh_counter_display = (sticky_refresh_counter < 10) ? "0"+sticky_refresh_counter : sticky_refresh_counter; if(document.getElementById('sticky_ad_container')) document.getElementById('sticky_ad_container').dataset.targeting="{\"sticky_refresh\":\""+sticky_refresh_counter_display+"\"}"; htlbid.forceRefresh([global_ad_slot_name]); } else{ output_logging('no refresh - container must have been closed') } } // Force close sticky area function close_sticky(){ document.getElementById('outer_sticky').remove(); refresh = false; output_logging('refresh timer ended'); refresh_timer.delete(); } /*************************************** ------------ REPORTING CODE ------------ ***************************************/ // Get $_GET variables var uri = decodeURIComponent(window.location.search.substring(1)).split('&'); var get_vars = {}; for(var x = 0; x < uri.length; x++){ var parts = uri[x].split('='); get_vars[parts[0]] = parts[1]; } // UTM options we track var utm_vars = [ 'utm_medium', 'utm_source', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content', 'utm_template', 'utm_referrer', 'utm_adset', 'utm_subid', 'gclid', 'fbclid' ]; var utm_confirmed = {}, this_utm_var; // See if any UTM variables are defined in the query parameters or session storage utm_vars.forEach(function(utm_var){ // (can be blank, so check for null (not set)) if(sessionStorage.getItem(utm_var) !== null) this_utm_var = sessionStorage.getItem(utm_var); else{ this_utm_var = (typeof get_vars[utm_var] == 'undefined') ? "" : get_vars[utm_var]; sessionStorage.setItem(utm_var, this_utm_var); } utm_confirmed[utm_var] = this_utm_var; }); // Determine browser var browser = ''; if(navigator.userAgent.match(/iPhone/i) || navigator.userAgent.match(/iPod/i)) browser = 'iOS'; else if(/Opera[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) browser = 'opera'; else if(/MSIE (\d+\.\d+);/.test(navigator.userAgent)) browser = 'MSIE'; else if(/Navigator[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) browser = 'netscape'; else if(/Chrome[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) browser = 'chrome'; else if(/Safari[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) browser = 'safari'; else if(/Firefox[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) browser = 'firefox'; else browser = 'internet_explorer'; var session_guid, session_referrer; // Check for session guid in session storage if(sessionStorage.getItem("session_guid")) session_guid = sessionStorage.getItem("session_guid"); else{ session_guid = generate_uuid(); sessionStorage.setItem("session_guid", session_guid); } // Check for referrer in session storage (can be blank, so check for null (not set)) if(sessionStorage.getItem("session_referrer") !== null) session_referrer = sessionStorage.getItem("session_referrer"); else{ session_referrer = document.referrer || ""; sessionStorage.setItem("session_referrer", session_referrer); } var page_tracking_data = { "referrer" : validate_value(session_referrer, "string"), // UTM variables "utm_variables" : { "utm_source" : validate_value(utm_confirmed.utm_source, "string", 100), "utm_campaign" : validate_value(utm_confirmed.utm_campaign, "string"), "utm_medium" : validate_value(utm_confirmed.utm_medium, "string", 100), "utm_term" : validate_value(utm_confirmed.utm_term, "string", 100), "utm_content" : validate_value(utm_confirmed.utm_content, "string", 100), "utm_template" : validate_value(utm_confirmed.utm_template, "string", 100), "utm_referrer" : validate_value(utm_confirmed.utm_referrer, "string", 100), "utm_adset" : validate_value(utm_confirmed.utm_adset, "string", 100), "utm_subid" : validate_value(utm_confirmed.utm_subid, "string", 100) }, // User information "user" : { "session_guid" : validate_value(session_guid, "string"), "os" : validate_value(get_os(), "string", 50), "browser" : validate_value(browser, "string", 50), "device" : validate_value((is_mobile ? "mobile" : "desktop"), "string", 15), "country" : "" }, // Page information "page" : { "page_guid" : validate_value(generate_uuid(), "string"), "url" : validate_value(window.location.href, "string"), "url_path" : validate_value(window.location.pathname, "string", 200) // "editor" : validate_value(properPage.page_meta.editor, "string", 150), // "writer" : validate_value(properPage.page_meta.writer, "string", 150) }, // Ad unit information "ad_unit" : {} // Not sure if we are going to use these, comment out for now // "category" : validate_value(page_meta.category), // "tags" : validate_value(page_meta.tags.join(",")), // "website" : validate_value(site_name), // "is_mobile" : validate_value(device_type), // "is_isolated" : validate_value(isolated), // "session_depth" : validate_value(sessionData.depth), // "page_type" : validate_value(page_meta.page_type), // "custom" : validateCustom(page_meta.custom), // // "use_ssl" : validate_value(use_ssl), // "resolution_width" : 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name="hidden_rating_status" id="hidden_rating_status" value="hide" /> <input type="hidden" name="hidden_post_year" id="hidden_post_year" value="2010" /> <main id="posts"> <div class="in_brief_article" data-url="2010/12/25/its_wonderful_life_terrifying_movie_ever/" data-title=""It's a Wonderful Life": The most terrifying movie ever" data-authors="Rich Cohen" data-sections="All Salon, Culture, Entertainment"> <section class="main-content no-gutters"> <section class="article_outer_wrapper"> <div class="scroll-posts" id="2010/12/25/its_wonderful_life_terrifying_movie_ever/"> <section class="title-container">  <div class="article_badge_wrapper"> </div> <h1>"It's a Wonderful Life": The most terrifying movie ever</h1> <h2>Underneath the warm fuzzies, Frank Capra's holiday classic is a tale of hunger, greed and a troubled America</h2>  <section class="writer-container writer-app-wrapper"> <div class="writer_info_wrapper"> <div class="writer_box"> <div class="writer_name_box"> <h3 class="writer_name"><span>By </span> <a href="/writer/rich_cohen">Rich Cohen</a> </h3> <span class="top_writer_desc"></span> </div> </div> <div class="published_date">  <h3 class="publish_date"> Published December 25, 2010 12:01AM (EST) </h6> </div> </div> </section> </section> <section class="cover-wrapper"> <img id="cover-main" class="" srcset="https://mediaproxy.salon.com/width/600/https://media2.salon.com/2010/12/jimmy_stewart_in_its_a_wonderful_life.jpg 600w, https://mediaproxy.salon.com/width/960/https://media2.salon.com/2010/12/jimmy_stewart_in_its_a_wonderful_life.jpg 960w, https://mediaproxy.salon.com/width/1200/https://media2.salon.com/2010/12/jimmy_stewart_in_its_a_wonderful_life.jpg 1200w" sizes="100vw" src="https://mediaproxy.salon.com/width/1200/https://media2.salon.com/2010/12/jimmy_stewart_in_its_a_wonderful_life.jpg" alt="Jimmy Stewart in "It's a Wonderful Life" "> </section> <strong class="article_img_desc"> Jimmy Stewart in "It's a Wonderful Life" </strong> <div 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"0"+adCount : adCount); if(ad_ending_name == "food") name = "salon_m_incontent_food"; else name = "salon_m_incontent_article"; // Add the ad unit to the page document.write("<div class=\"outer-ad-unit-wrapper\" id=\"outer_ad_unit_"+adCount+"\"><span class=\"ad-caption\">Advertisement:</span><div class=\"htlad-"+name+"\" data-targeting='{\"slot_number\": \""+ad_display_count+"\"}'></div></div>"); } </script> <p>I don't care what your parents told you. "It's a Wonderful Life," that reassuring holiday spectacle, is really the most terrifying Hollywood film ever made. It's one of a handful of masterpieces directed by Frank Capra, an Italian immigrant who loved America because America saved him. Capra lived through the Depression, then through the rise of terrible ideologies. He knew how bad things could get. He knew, too, that the United States was not immune and this knowledge spiked his love with the worst kind of fear. The result was that special melancholy, blue shot through with black, that runs through his films, the best of which are parables that operate on various levels, some of which were probably unknown to Capra himself.</p> <p>If you were to cut "It's a Wonderful Life" by 20 minutes, its true subject would be revealed: In this shortened version, George Bailey, played by a Jimmy Stewart forever on the edge of hysteria, after being betrayed by nearly everyone in his life, after being broken on the wheel of capitalism, flees to the outskirts of town, Bedford Falls, N.Y., where he leaps off a bridge with thoughts of suicide.</p> <p>That's the movie: The good man driven insane.</p> <p>Oh no, you might say, you've missed the entire point. Following the trials of George Bailey without seeing his rescue is like hearing the story of the Passion without knowing of the Resurrection. It's just Jesus on the cross saying, "Oh, Father, why hast Thou forsaken me," followed by a star wipe and end credits. It's the power of editing. Where you start and where you finish is the whole story. That's all modern literature is: the identical image cropped. It's the same with the narrative experienced by everyone every day. The story is reframed for taste. On this channel, Barack Obama fails and is condemned. On that channel, Barack Obama stumbles but is resurrected in the way of George Bailey. Did the Chicago Bears lose? Well, then let's find the channel on which the Chicago Bears win.</p> <p>In other words, I did not miss the point. The story of the George Bailey who is honored and saved remains. It's the explicit message of the final scene: A man with friends is never poor. But another, deeper message is there, too -- it's Capra wailing at that secret register picked up by bats and dogs, saying, "Help, help, America is in trouble!"</p> <p>"It's a Wonderful Life" is about hunger. It's about greed. It's about the many ways a good man is stymied. Finally, it's about George Bailey, whose decency prevents him even from killing himself. Though he wants to jump, he dives into the river to save another suicide, instead -- the angel, it turns out, who has come to show George that his life has been wonderful after all, because human commerce is a web and as part of that web George has affected and saved thousands of people. To make this point, the angel famously shows George what the world would be like had he never been born, leading him back into town, which had been Bedford Falls but is now named after the treacherous banker who controls it: Pottersville.</p> <p>Bedford Falls was quaint and fine; Pottersville is vulgar and mean.</p> <p>In this new world, George Bailey's wife is a spinster. His brother is dead. His house is a ruin.</p> <p>OK, OK, says George, I've had enough.</p> <p>Just like that, he's returned to life, resurrected.</p> <p>He runs home, where friends and relatives have gathered to save him.</p> <p>Here's my point: I do not think the hidden message vanishes when the movie goes Hollywood and happy. I believe the resolution of the darker movie is, in fact, still there, wrapped around the happy ending of the classic. Look again at the closing frames -- shots of Jimmy Stewart staring at his friends. In most, he's joyful. But in a few, he's terrified. As I said, this is a terrifying movie. An hour earlier George was ready to kill himself. He has now returned from a death experience. He was among the unborn, had crossed over like Dante's hero, had seen this world from beyond the veil. In those frames -- "The Night Journey of George Bailey" -- I don't think he's seeing the world that would exist had he never been born. I think he's seeing the world as it does exist, in his time and also in our own.</p> <p>George had been living in Pottersville all along. He just didn't know it. Because he was seeing the world through his eyes -- not as it was, but as he was: honest and fair. But on "The Night Journey," George is nothing and nobody. When the angel took him out of his life, he took him out of his consciousness, out from behind his eyes. It was only then that he saw America. Bedford Falls was the fantasy. Pottersville is where we live. If you don't believe me, examine the dystopia of the Capra movie -- the nighttime world of neon bars and drunks and showgirl floozies. Does Bedford Falls feel more like the place you live, or does Pottersville? I live in a place that looks very much like Bedford Falls, but after 10 minutes in line at the bank or in the locker room where the squirts are changing for hockey I know I'm in Pottersville.</p> <p>I'm betting this was as much the case in Capra's time as it is in our own. He loved America but was watching the triumph of Pottersville. That's why, in the last scene, George looks at his friends with terror. He's happy to be alive, but he's disillusioned, wised up in just the worst way. He finally knows the world as it really is, what his friends are capable of, the dark potential coiled in each of them. His wife is a spinster in Pottersville because, if she's not with George, she cannot be anything. She's just one of two characters who are, in fact, the same in both worlds, the other being Mr. Potter. Everyone else is two-faced, masked. Simply put, George has been cursed with knowledge, shown the truth of the world -- seen hidden things. It's the sort of vision that makes a person go insane.</p> <p>Instead of ending the movie 20 minutes early, it might be interesting to let it run for another hour, to see the hero after the guests have left the house and the money has been collected and the children gone to sleep -- George left to grapple alone with the meaning and the message of what he has been allowed to see. He is like Jacob and he has wrestled with the angel and carries a terrible burden. He would either sit quietly in darkness, or weep like a baby, or wander through the streets of Pottersville, shouting, "Vanity of vanities, all is vanity." </p> </article> <script> //makes premium article visible for ad free users if(getCookie('salon_ad_free_user')){ let hiddenParagraphs = document.getElementsByClassName('hidden-paragraph'); for(let i = 0; i < hiddenParagraphs.length; i++){ hiddenParagraphs[i].setAttribute("style",""); } if(document.getElementsByClassName("ad_paid-content") && document.getElementsByClassName("ad_paid-content")[0]) document.getElementsByClassName("ad_paid-content")[0].setAttribute("style","display: none;"); //removes paragraphs content from dom if not ad free }else{ let hiddenParagraphs = document.getElementsByClassName('hidden-paragraph'); for(let i = 0; i < hiddenParagraphs.length; i++){ hiddenParagraphs[i].innerHTML = ""; } } </script> <script> function insert_ad(adCount, paragraph, adName, playlist = "salon_featured", abTest = "control"){ if(playlist.length == 0) playlist = "salon_featured"; // Video ad unit if(adName == "video_proper"){ //creates video player ad let adUnit = document.createElement('div'); adUnit.setAttribute("data-video-id", `salon-playlist-${playlist}`); adUnit.setAttribute("data-video-url", ""); adUnit.setAttribute("data-mpd-url", ""); adUnit.setAttribute("data-hls-url", ""); adUnit.setAttribute("id", "salon_main_video"); let adScript = document.createElement('script'); adScript.innerHTML = `salon_videos_commands.push(function(){ new_video_project.start_video_player_creation("salon_main_video"); });`; adUnit.append(adScript); let adLabel = document.createElement("span"); adLabel.innerHTML = "Advertisement:" adLabel.setAttribute("class","proper-caption"); adWrapper = document.createElement("div"); adWrapper.setAttribute("class","outer-ad-unit-wrapper"); adWrapper.appendChild(adLabel); adWrapper.appendChild(adUnit); // Insert into DOM paragraph.parentNode.insertBefore(adWrapper, paragraph.nextSibling); } // Video ad unit // Keep in case we need it back? 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His work has appeared in The New Yorker and Vanity Fair, among many other publications and he is a contributing editor to Rolling Stone. He lives in New York City.</p> <strong>MORE FROM <a href="/writer/rich_cohen">Rich Cohen</a></strong> </div> </section>   <hr> <script> adCount++; var ad_display_count = ((adCount < 10) ? 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