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replacement</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Withdrawal_and_replacement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Withdrawal and replacement subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Withdrawal_and_replacement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Withdrawal_from_circulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Withdrawal_from_circulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Withdrawal from circulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Withdrawal_from_circulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cashless_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cashless_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Cashless society</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cashless_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commemorative_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commemorative_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Commemorative issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commemorative_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Status by country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Status_by_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Status by country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Status_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-El_Salvador" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#El_Salvador"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>El Salvador</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-El_Salvador-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eurozone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eurozone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Eurozone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eurozone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Republic of Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Republic of India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Norway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singapore_and_Brunei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singapore_and_Brunei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Singapore and Brunei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singapore_and_Brunei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland_and_Liechtenstein" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland_and_Liechtenstein"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>Switzerland and Liechtenstein</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland_and_Liechtenstein-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13</span> <span>Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thailand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thailand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.14</span> <span>Thailand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thailand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.15</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scotland_and_Northern_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scotland_and_Northern_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.15.1</span> <span>Scotland and Northern Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scotland_and_Northern_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.15.2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.16</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venezuela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venezuela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.17</span> <span>Venezuela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venezuela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zimbabwe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zimbabwe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.17.1</span> <span>Zimbabwe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zimbabwe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Legal tender</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عملة قانونية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عملة قانونية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0" title="लीगल टेंडर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लीगल टेंडर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Законно платежно средство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Законно платежно средство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gschicht_vom_G%C3%B6d" title="Gschicht vom Göd – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gschicht vom Göd" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curs_legal" title="Curs legal – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Curs legal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1konn%C3%A9_platidlo" title="Zákonné platidlo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zákonné platidlo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahlungsmittel" title="Zahlungsmittel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zahlungsmittel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaduslik_maksevahend" title="Seaduslik maksevahend – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Seaduslik maksevahend" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%BF_%CF%87%CF%81%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Νόμιμο χρήμα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νόμιμο χρήμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curso_legal" title="Curso legal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Curso legal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C4%9Da_valuto" title="Leĝa valuto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Leĝa valuto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پول قانونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پول قانونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cours_l%C3%A9gal" title="Cours légal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cours légal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curso_legal" title="Curso legal – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Curso legal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%95%EC%A0%95_%ED%86%B5%ED%99%94" title="법정 통화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="법정 통화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BE%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Օրինական վճար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օրինական վճար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="वैध मुद्रा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वैध मुद्रा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slu%C5%BEbeno_sredstvo_pla%C4%87anja" title="Službeno sredstvo plaćanja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Službeno sredstvo plaćanja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alat_pembayaran_yang_sah" title="Alat pembayaran yang sah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alat pembayaran yang sah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grei%C3%B0slum%C3%A1ti" title="Greiðslumáti – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Greiðslumáti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corso_legale" title="Corso legale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Corso legale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99" title="הילך חוקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הילך חוקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3" title="ಅಪನಗದೀಕರಣ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಪನಗದೀಕರಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rv%C3%A9nyes_fizet%C3%A9si_eszk%C3%B6z" title="Törvényes fizetési eszköz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Törvényes fizetési eszköz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wettig_betaalmiddel" title="Wettig betaalmiddel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wettig betaalmiddel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%9A%E9%80%9A%E8%B2%A8" title="法定通貨 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="法定通貨" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Arodek_p%C5%82atniczy" title="Środek płatniczy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Środek płatniczy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curso_for%C3%A7ado" title="Curso forçado – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Curso forçado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%91%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Законное платёжное средство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Законное платёжное средство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_tender" title="Legal tender – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Legal tender" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaping_umiiral" title="Salaping umiiral – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Salaping umiiral" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medium of payment recognized by law</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the payment medium. For the song, see <a href="/wiki/Legal_Tender_(song)" title="Legal Tender (song)">Legal Tender (song)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Legal_tender" title="Special:EditPage/Legal tender">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Legal_tender" title="Talk:Legal tender">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Legal+tender%22">"Legal tender"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Legal+tender%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Legal+tender%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Legal+tender%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Legal+tender%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Legal+tender%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Lead_rewrite plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-lead_rewrite" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> <b>may need to be rewritten</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit">improve the lead</a> and read the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead layout guide</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_of_a_Series_1950_$10_FRN,_showing_legal_tender_phrase.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Detail_of_a_Series_1950_%2410_FRN%2C_showing_legal_tender_phrase.jpg/220px-Detail_of_a_Series_1950_%2410_FRN%2C_showing_legal_tender_phrase.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Detail_of_a_Series_1950_%2410_FRN%2C_showing_legal_tender_phrase.jpg/330px-Detail_of_a_Series_1950_%2410_FRN%2C_showing_legal_tender_phrase.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Detail_of_a_Series_1950_%2410_FRN%2C_showing_legal_tender_phrase.jpg/440px-Detail_of_a_Series_1950_%2410_FRN%2C_showing_legal_tender_phrase.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2613" data-file-height="1876" /></a><figcaption>Detail of the obverse of a Series 1950 <a href="/wiki/United_States_ten-dollar_bill" title="United States ten-dollar bill">United States ten-dollar bill</a>, showing the phrase "This note is legal tender for all debts, public and private, and is redeemable in lawful money at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Treasury">United States Treasury</a>, or at any <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank" title="Federal Reserve Bank">Federal Reserve Bank</a>." This phrase was subsequently shortened in later issues to "This note is legal tender for all debts, public and private."</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Legal tender</b> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Money" title="Money">money</a> that <a href="/wiki/Standard_of_deferred_payment" title="Standard of deferred payment">courts of law are required to recognize as satisfactory payment</a> in court for any monetary <a href="/wiki/Debt" title="Debt">debt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Mint_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Mint-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> determines what is legal tender, but essentially it is anything which, when offered ("tendered") in payment of a debt, extinguishes the debt. There is no obligation on the creditor to accept the tendered payment, but the act of tendering the payment in legal tender discharges the debt. </p><p>It is generally only mandatory to recognize the payment of legal tender in the discharge of a monetary <a href="/wiki/Debt" title="Debt">debt</a> from a debtor to a creditor.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sellers offering to enter into contractual relationship, such as a contract for the sale of goods, do not need to accept legal tender and may instead contractually require payment using electronic methods, foreign currencies or any other legally recognized object of value.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Mint_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Mint-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rbalegaltender_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbalegaltender-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">Coins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">banknotes</a> are usually defined as legal tender in many countries, but personal <a href="/wiki/Cheque" title="Cheque">checks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">credit cards</a>, and similar non-cash methods of payment are usually not. Some jurisdictions may include a specific foreign currency as legal tender, at times as its exclusive legal tender or concurrently with its domestic currency. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>legal tender</i> is from Middle French <i>tendre</i> (verb form), meaning <i>to offer</i>. The <i>Latin</i> root is <i>tendere</i> (to stretch out), and the sense of <i>tender</i> as an <i>offer</i> is related to the etymology of the English word <i>extend</i> (to hold outward).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Withdrawal_and_replacement">Withdrawal and replacement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Withdrawal and replacement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Demonetisation"></span><span class="anchor" id="Demonetization"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Monetisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Monetisation">Monetisation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Remonetisation" title="Remonetisation">Remonetisation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_low-denomination_coins" title="Withdrawal of low-denomination coins">Withdrawal of low-denomination coins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Deplatforming#Demonetization" title="Deplatforming">Deplatforming § Demonetization</a></div> <p>Demonetization is the act of stripping a currency unit of its status as legal tender. It occurs whenever there is a change of national currency: The current form or forms of money is or are pulled from circulation and retired, often to be replaced with new notes or coins. Sometimes, a country completely replaces the old currency with new currency. The opposite of demonetization is remonetization, in which a form of payment is restored as legal tender. Coins and banknotes may cease to be legal tender if new notes of the same <a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">currency</a> replace them or if a new currency is introduced replacing the former one.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of this are: </p> <ul><li>During the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II" title="Netherlands in World War II">Nazi occupation of the Netherlands</a>, 500- and 1000-<a href="/wiki/Guilder" title="Guilder">guilder</a> banknotes were demonetized, and after liberation, 100-guilder notes were also demonetized. <a href="/wiki/Anne_Frank" title="Anne Frank">Anne Frank</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Diary_of_a_Young_Girl" title="The Diary of a Young Girl">her diary</a> entry on 19 March 1943 notes:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scherner_2016_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scherner_2016-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 150">: 150 </span></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Thousand-guilder notes are being declared invalid. That'll be a blow to the black marketeers and others like them, but even more to people in hiding and anyone else with money that can't be accounted for. To turn in a thousand-guilder bill, you have to be able to state how you came by it and provide proof. They can still be used to pay taxes, but only until next week. The five-hundred notes will lapse at the same time. Gies & Co. still had some unaccounted-for thousand-guilder bills, which they used to pay their estimated taxes for the coming years, so everything seems to be above board.</p></blockquote><a href="/wiki/Piet_Lieftinck" title="Piet Lieftinck">Piet Lieftinck</a>'s measure of demonetizing 100-guilder notes was aimed at <a href="/wiki/War_profiteering" title="War profiteering">war profiteers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Scherner_2016_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scherner_2016-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 150">: 150 </span></sup></li> <li>On 6 October 1944, the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_government_in_exile" title="Belgian government in exile">recently repatriated Belgian government</a> demonetized banknotes greater than 100 <a href="/wiki/Belgian_franc" title="Belgian franc">francs</a>. People having 100 francs were allowed to exchange up to 2000 francs per household for new banknotes. Banks added withdrawal limits and current accounts were frozen.<sup id="cite_ref-Scherner_2016_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scherner_2016-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 191">: 191 </span></sup></li> <li>The Government of Ceylon passed the <a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_the_Avoidance_of_Income_Tax_Act" title="Prevention of the Avoidance of Income Tax Act">Prevention of the Avoidance of Income Tax Act</a> on 26 October 1970, demonetized all currency notes of the denominations of Rupees 50 and 100, bearing a date prior to that of the demonetization.</li> <li>The United Kingdom adopted <a href="/wiki/Decimal_Day" title="Decimal Day">decimal currency</a> in place of <a href="/wiki/Pounds,_shillings_and_pence" class="mw-redirect" title="Pounds, shillings and pence">pounds, shillings and pence</a> in 1971. Banknotes remained unchanged (except for the replacement of the 10 shilling note by the 50 pence coin). In 1968 and 1969 decimal coins which had precise equivalent values in the old currency (5p, 10p, 50p – 1, 2, and 10 shillings respectively) were introduced, while decimal coins with no precise equivalent (½p, 1p, 2p – equal to 1.2d (old pence), 2.4d and 4.8d respectively) were introduced on 15 February 1971. The smallest and largest non-decimal circulating coins, the half penny and half crown, were withdrawn in 1969, and the other non-decimal coins with no precise equivalent in the new currency (1d, 3d) were withdrawn later in 1971. Non-decimal coins with precise decimal equivalents (6d ( = 2½p), 1 and 2 shillings) remained legal tender either until the coins no longer circulated (1980 in the case of the 6d), or the equivalent decimal coins were reduced in size in the early 1990s. The 6d coin was permitted to remain in large circulation throughout the United Kingdom due to the <a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a> committee's large investment in coin-operated ticketing machines that used it.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Old coins returned to the Royal Mint through the UK banking system will be redeemed by exchanging them for legal tender currency with no time limits; but coins issued before 1947 have a higher value for their silver content than for their monetary value.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>As part of their economic warfare operations during the <a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a>, South African intelligence produced and disseminated counterfeit Angolan currency. In late 1980, counterfeit 100 <a href="/wiki/Angolan_kwanza" title="Angolan kwanza">Kwanza</a> notes began to appear in <a href="/wiki/Huambo_Province" title="Huambo Province">Huambo</a> and spread to other large cities in the northwest. On February 4, 1981 at a commemoration of 20 years of struggle by the <a href="/wiki/MPLA" title="MPLA">MPLA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_dos_Santos" title="José Eduardo dos Santos">Jose Eduardo dos Santos</a> announced that the old notes would be withdrawn and exchanged with new notes. The old notes featured the previous president, <a href="/wiki/Agostinho_Neto" title="Agostinho Neto">Agostinho Neto</a>, while the new notes showed him and dos Santos in profile, which became a standard feature on other designations.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Successor_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Successor state">successor states</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> replacing the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_ruble" title="Soviet ruble">Soviet ruble</a> in the 1990s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Successor_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Successor state">successor states</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> replacing the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_dinar" title="Yugoslav dinar">Yugoslav dinar</a> in the 1990s and 2000s.</li> <li>Currencies used in the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a> which were replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> were then not legal tender, but all banknotes and coins were redeemable for euros for a minimum of 10 years (for certain notes and coins, there is no time limit).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_banknote_demonetisation" title="2016 Indian banknote demonetisation">India demonetized its 500 and 1000 rupee notes on 8 November 2016</a>. This action affected 86 per cent of all cash in circulation. The demonetization action was intended to curb <a href="/wiki/Counterfeit_money" title="Counterfeit money">counterfeit notes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_black_money" title="Indian black money">black money</a>, the hoarding of unaccounted cash, and sponsorship of terrorism, but also led to long queues from <a href="/wiki/Bank_run" title="Bank run">bank runs</a>, leaving more than 30 people dead.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The old notes were replaced by new 500 and 2000 rupee notes.</li> <li>The Philippines has ceased 2 <a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">peso</a> and 50 centavo coins of the Flora and Fauna Series in 2000, due to over minting of the coins of the BSP Series that has not included the 2 peso and 50 centavo coins of that series.</li></ul> <p>Individual coins or banknotes can be demonetized and cease to be legal tender (for example, the pre-decimal United Kingdom <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_farthing" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the farthing">farthing</a> or the Bank of England 1 pound note), but the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a> does redeem all Bank of England banknotes by exchanging them for legal tender currency at its counters in London (or by post) regardless of how old they are. Banknotes issued by retail banks in the UK (Scotland and Northern Ireland) are not legal tender, but one of the criteria for legal protection under the Forgery and Counterfeiting Act is that banknotes must be payable on demand, therefore withdrawn notes remain a liability of the issuing bank without any time limits.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the case of the euro, coins and banknotes of former national currencies were in some cases considered legal tender from 1 January 1999 until various dates in 2002. Most countries continued to exchange pre-euro notes and coins for a period of time; only Ireland continues to do so. Legally, those coins and banknotes were considered non-decimal sub-divisions of the euro.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>When the so-called <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Swiss_dinar" title="Iraqi Swiss dinar">"Swiss" dinar</a> ceased to be legal tender in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, it still circulated in the northern Kurdish regions. Despite lacking government backing, it had a stable market value for more than a decade.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>This is also true of the paper money issued by the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_dollar" title="Confederate States dollar">Confederate currency</a> became worthless by its own terms after the war, since it could only be redeemed a stated number of years after a peace treaty was signed between the Confederacy and the United States (which never happened, as <a href="/wiki/Conclusion_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Conclusion of the American Civil War">the Confederacy was defeated and dissolved</a>). </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> the United States printed a series of <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_overprint_note" title="Hawaii overprint note">Hawaii overprint notes</a> as an emergency issue after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The intent of the overprints was to easily distinguish United States dollars captured by the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces in the event of an invasion of Hawaii (which never happened) and render the notes worthless via demonetization.<sup id="cite_ref-RedBookFriedberg_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RedBookFriedberg-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Demonetization is currently prohibited in the United States, and the <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1965" title="Coinage Act of 1965">Coinage Act of 1965</a> applies to all US coins and currency regardless of age. The closest historical equivalent in the US, other than Confederate money, was from 1933 to 1974, when the government banned most private ownership of <a href="/wiki/Gold_bar" title="Gold bar">gold bullion</a>, including gold coins held for non-<a href="/wiki/Numismatics" title="Numismatics">numismatic</a> purposes. Now, however, even surviving pre-1933 gold coins are legal tender under the 1964 act.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Withdrawal_from_circulation">Withdrawal from circulation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Withdrawal from circulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Banknotes and coins may be withdrawn from circulation but remain legal tender. United States banknotes issued at any date remain legal tender even after they are withdrawn from circulation. Canadian 1- and 2-dollar bills remain legal tender even if they have been withdrawn and replaced by coins, but Canadian $1,000 bills remain legal tender even if they are removed from circulation as they arrive at a bank. However, Bank of England notes that are withdrawn from circulation generally cease to be legal tender but remain redeemable for current currency at the Bank of England itself or by post. All paper and polymer issues of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> banknotes issued from 1967 onwards (and 1- and 2-dollar notes until 1993) are still legal tender; however, 1-, 2- and 5-cent coins are no longer used in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cashless_society">Cashless society</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cashless society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cashless_society" title="Cashless society">Cashless society</a></div> <p>A cashless society is an economic state whereby <a href="/wiki/Financial_transaction" title="Financial transaction">financial transactions</a> are not conducted with money in the form of physical <a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">banknotes</a> or coins. Cashless societies have existed, based on <a href="/wiki/Barter" title="Barter">barter</a> and other methods of exchange. In modern usage, the term usually refers to financial transactions conducted by transfer of digital information (usually an electronic representation of money) between the transacting parties.<sup id="cite_ref-THE_COST_OF_CASH_IN_THE_UNITED_STATES_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THE_COST_OF_CASH_IN_THE_UNITED_STATES-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commemorative_issues">Commemorative issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Commemorative issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sometimes currency issues such as commemorative coins or transfer bills may be issued that are not intended for public circulation but are nonetheless legal tender. An example of such currency is <a href="/wiki/Maundy_money" class="mw-redirect" title="Maundy money">Maundy money</a>. Some currency issuers, particularly the Scottish banks, issue special commemorative banknotes which are intended for ordinary circulation (though no Scottish banknotes nor notes from Northern Ireland are legal tender in the United Kingdom). As well, some standard coins are minted on higher-quality dies as uncirculated versions of the coin, for collectors to purchase at a premium; these coins are nevertheless legal tender. Some countries issue precious-metal coins which have a currency value indicated on them which is far below the value of the metal the coin contains: these coins are known as <i><a href="/wiki/Non-circulating_legal_tender" title="Non-circulating legal tender">non-circulating legal tender</a></i> or <i>NCLT</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status_by_country">Status by country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Status by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a>, comprising notes and coins, is legal tender in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. Australian notes are legal tender by virtue of the <i>Reserve Bank Act 1959</i> (Cth) s 36(1),<sup id="cite_ref-RBA_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RBA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> without an amount limit. The <i>Currency Act 1965</i> (Cth)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> similarly provides that Australian coins intended for general circulation are also legal tender, but only for the following amounts: </p> <ul><li>Not exceeding 20c if 1c and/or 2c coins are offered,</li> <li>Not exceeding $5 if any of 5c, 10c, 20c and 50c coins are offered,</li> <li>Not exceeding 10 times the face value if the coins offered are greater than 50c up to and including $10,</li> <li>To any value for coins of other denominations above $10.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The 1c and 2c coins were <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_low-denomination_coins" title="Withdrawal of low-denomination coins">withdrawn from circulation</a> from February 1992 but remain legal tender.<sup id="cite_ref-rbalegaltender_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbalegaltender-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the <i>Reserve Bank Act 1959</i> and the <i>Currency Act 1965</i> establishes that Australian banknotes and coins have legal tender status, Australian banknotes and coins do not necessarily have to be used in transactions and refusal to accept payment in legal tender is not unlawful. A provider of goods or services is at liberty to set the commercial terms upon which payment will take place before the contract for supply of the goods or services is entered into. If a provider of goods or services specifies other means of payment prior to the contract, then there is usually no obligation for legal tender to be accepted as payment. This is the case even when an existing debt is involved. However, refusal to accept legal tender in payment of an existing debt, where no other means of payment/settlement has been specified in advance, conceivably could have consequences in legal proceedings.<sup id="cite_ref-rbalegaltender_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbalegaltender-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Australia_Post" title="Australia Post">Australia Post</a> prohibits the sending of coins or banknotes, of any country, except via <a href="/wiki/Registered_post" class="mw-redirect" title="Registered post">registered post</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Australia_Post_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Australia_Post-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="History">History</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1901, notes in circulation in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> consisted of bank notes payable in gold coin and issued by the trading banks, and Queensland Treasury notes. Bank notes circulated in all states except <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, but were not legal tender except for a brief period in 1893 in <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>. There were, however, some restrictions on their issue and other provisions for the protection of the public. Queensland Treasury notes were issued by the Queensland Government and were legal tender in that state. Notes of both categories continued in circulation until 1910, when the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Parliament">Commonwealth Parliament</a> passed the <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Notes_Act_1910" title="Australian Notes Act 1910">Australian Notes Act 1910</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Bank_Notes_Tax_Act_1910" title="Bank Notes Tax Act 1910">Bank Notes Tax Act 1910</a></i>. The <i>Australian Notes Act 1910</i> prohibited the circulation of state notes as money, and the <i>Bank Notes Tax Act 1910</i> imposed a tax of 10%, per annum, on "all bank notes issued or re-issued by any bank in the Commonwealth after the commencement of this Act, and not redeemed".<sup id="cite_ref-ComLaw_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ComLaw-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ABS_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABS-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These Acts effectively put an end to the issue of notes by the trading banks and the Queensland Treasury. <i>The Reserve Bank Act 1959</i> expressly prohibits persons and states from issuing "a bill or note for the payment of money payable to bearer on demand and intended for circulation".<sup id="cite_ref-RBAs43_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RBAs43-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In general, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Canadian dollar</a> banknotes issued by the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Canada" title="Bank of Canada">Bank of Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Canadian_dollar" title="Coins of the Canadian dollar">coins</a> issued under the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mint_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Canadian Mint Act">Royal Canadian Mint Act</a> are legal tender in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. However, commercial transactions may legally be settled in any manner agreed by the parties involved with the transactions. For example, convenience stores may refuse $100 bank notes if they feel that would put them at risk of being <a href="/wiki/Counterfeit" title="Counterfeit">counterfeit</a> victims; however, official policy suggests that the retailers should evaluate the impact of that approach. In the case that no mutually acceptable form of payment can be found for the tender, the parties involved should seek legal advice.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the <i>Currency Act</i>, there are limits to the value of a transaction for which only coins are used.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A payment in coins is a legal tender for no more than the following amounts for the following denominations of coins: </p> <ol><li>$40 if the denomination is $2 to $10,</li> <li>$25 if the denomination is $1,</li> <li>$10 if the denomination is 10c to $1,</li> <li>$5 if the denomination is 5c, and</li> <li>25c if the denomination is 1c.</li></ol> <p>In the case of coins of a denomination greater than $10, a payment is a legal tender for no more than the value of a single coin of that denomination. Where more than one amount is payable by one person to another on the same day under one or more obligations, the total of those amounts is deemed to be one amount due and payable on that day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the People's Republic of China, the official currency <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">renminbi</a> serves as the unlimited legal tender for all transactions. It is illegal for any public institution or individual to refuse the currency when settling public or private debts.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="El_Salvador">El Salvador</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: El Salvador"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2021, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> became the first country to accept <a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">Bitcoin</a> as legal tender, after the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador" title="Legislative Assembly of El Salvador">Legislative Assembly</a> had voted 62–22 to pass a bill submitted by President <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a> classifying the <a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrency" title="Cryptocurrency">cryptocurrency</a> as such.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eurozone">Eurozone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Eurozone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Euro_coins" title="Euro coins">Euro coins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Euro_banknotes" title="Euro banknotes">banknotes</a> became legal tender in most countries of the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a> on 1 January 2002. Although one side of the coins is used for different national marks for each country, all coins and all banknotes are legal tender throughout the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">eurozone</a>. Although some eurozone countries do not put 1 cent and 2 cent coins into general circulation (prices in those countries are by general understanding always <a href="/wiki/Cash_rounding" title="Cash rounding">rounded to whole multiples of 5 cent</a>), 1 cent and 2 cent coins from other eurozone countries remain legal tender in those countries. </p><p>Council Regulation (EC) No 974/98 limits the number of coins that can be offered for payment to fifty.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Governments that issue the coins must establish the euro as the only legal tender. Due to variations on the legislative meaning of legal tender in various member states and the ability of contract law to overrule the status of legal tender, it is possible for merchants to choose to refuse to accept euro banknotes and coins within specific countries within the Eurozone. For example, the Netherlands, Italy, Belgium, Finland, and Ireland have <i>de jure</i> or <i>de facto</i> removed the use of 1 cent and 2 cent coins and adopted <a href="/wiki/Cash_rounding" title="Cash rounding">cash rounding</a> to the nearest multiple of 5 cents.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> National laws may also impose restrictions as to maximal amounts that can be settled by coins or notes. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, which are not members of the European Union and the Eurozone and do not have a formal monetary agreement with the EU, unilaterally adopted the euro in 2002 as their <i>de facto</i> domestic currency to ensure monetary stability and to continue to avoid the high/hyper inflation seen in preceding decades: this means that the euro is not a legal tender there, however it is treated as such by the government and the people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Legal tender was enacted the first time for gold and silver coins in the <a href="/wiki/Code_p%C3%A9nal_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Code pénal (France)">French Penal Code</a> of 1807 (art. 475, 11°). In 1870, legal tender was extended to all notes of the <a href="/wiki/Banque_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Banque de France">Banque de France</a>. Anyone refusing such coins for their whole value would be prosecuted (French Penal Code art. R. 642–3). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_Ireland">Republic of Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Republic of Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Coinage of the Republic of Ireland">Coinage of the Republic of Ireland</a></div> <p>According to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_and_Monetary_Union_Act_1998&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economic and Monetary Union Act 1998 (page does not exist)">Economic and Monetary Union Act 1998</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>, which replaced the legal tender provisions that had been re-enacted in Irish legislation from previous British enactments, "No person, other than the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Ireland" title="Central Bank of Ireland">Central Bank of Ireland</a> and such persons as may be designated by the Minister by order, shall be obliged to accept more than 50 coins denominated in euro or in cent in any single transaction." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="History_2">History</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Decimal Currency Act, 1970 governed legal tender prior to the adoption of the euro and laid down the analogous provisions as in United Kingdom legislation (all inherited from previous <a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law of the United Kingdom">UK law</a>), namely: coins denominated above 10 pence became legal tender for payment not exceeding £10, coins denominated not more than 10 pence became legal tender for payment not exceeding £5, and bronze coins became legal tender for payment not exceeding 20 pence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_India">Republic of India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Republic of India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a> is the <i>de facto</i> legal tender currency in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. The Indian rupee is also legal tender in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rupee" title="Nepalese rupee">Nepalese rupee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_ngultrum" title="Bhutanese ngultrum">Bhutanese ngultrum</a> are not legal tender in India. Both the Nepalese rupee and Bhutanese ngultrum are pegged with the Indian rupee.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Indian rupee used to be an official currency of several other countries, including the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Iraq" title="Mandatory Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Trucial_States" title="Trucial States">Trucial States</a> (now the <a href="/wiki/UAE" class="mw-redirect" title="UAE">UAE</a>), <a href="/wiki/Muscat_and_Oman" title="Muscat and Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aden_Settlement" class="mw-redirect" title="Aden Settlement">Aden Colony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aden_Protectorate" title="Aden Protectorate">Aden Protectorate</a> (now parts of <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>), <a href="/wiki/British_Somaliland" title="British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Protectorate" title="East Africa Protectorate">British East Africa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a>. </p><p>In 1837, the Indian rupee was made the sole official currency of the Straits Settlements, as it was administered as a part of India. In 1845, the British replaced the Indian rupee with the <a href="/wiki/Straits_dollar" title="Straits dollar">Straits dollar</a> after administration of the Straits Settlements separated from India earlier in that same year. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RBI_5-rupee_note,_overprinted_Government_of_Pakistan,_1947.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/RBI_5-rupee_note%2C_overprinted_Government_of_Pakistan%2C_1947.jpg/240px-RBI_5-rupee_note%2C_overprinted_Government_of_Pakistan%2C_1947.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/RBI_5-rupee_note%2C_overprinted_Government_of_Pakistan%2C_1947.jpg/360px-RBI_5-rupee_note%2C_overprinted_Government_of_Pakistan%2C_1947.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/RBI_5-rupee_note%2C_overprinted_Government_of_Pakistan%2C_1947.jpg/480px-RBI_5-rupee_note%2C_overprinted_Government_of_Pakistan%2C_1947.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1685" data-file-height="1887" /></a><figcaption>Indian rupees were stamped with Government of Pakistan to be used as legal tenders in the new state of Pakistan in 1947.</figcaption></figure> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partition of India and Pakistan in 1947</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">Pakistani rupee</a> came into existence, initially using Indian coins and Indian currency notes simply overstamped with the word "Pakistan". New coins and banknotes were issued in 1948. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gulf_rupee" title="Gulf rupee">Gulf rupee</a>, also known as the Persian Gulf rupee (XPGR), was introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> as a replacement for the Indian rupee for circulation exclusively outside the country with the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> Amendment Act of 1 May 1959. This creation of a separate currency was an attempt to reduce the strain put on India's foreign reserves by gold smuggling. </p><p>Kuwait and Bahrain eventually replaced the Gulf rupee with their own currencies (the <a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_dinar" title="Kuwaiti dinar">Kuwaiti dinar</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bahraini_dinar" title="Bahraini dinar">Bahraini dinar</a>) after gaining independence from Britain in 1961 and 1965, respectively. </p><p>On 6 June 1966, India devalued the rupee. To avoid following this devaluation, several of the states using the rupee adopted their own currencies. Qatar and most of the Trucial States adopted the <a href="/wiki/Qatari_riyal" title="Qatari riyal">Qatar and Dubai riyal</a>, whilst Abu Dhabi adopted the <a href="/wiki/Bahraini_dinar" title="Bahraini dinar">Bahraini dinar</a>. Only Oman continued to use the Gulf rupee until 1970, with the government backing the currency at its old peg to the pound. Oman later replaced the Gulf rupee with its own <a href="/wiki/Omani_rial" title="Omani rial">rial</a> in 1970. </p><p>On 8 November 2016, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> announced that existing <a href="/wiki/Indian_500_and_1000_rupee_currency_demonetisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian 500 and 1000 rupee currency demonetisation">INR 500 and INR 1000 banknotes would no longer be accepted as legal tender</a> with a view to curb counterfeiting, tax evasion and the <a href="/wiki/Black_money" class="mw-redirect" title="Black money">parallel economy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> outlined a scheme for holders of such banknotes to either deposit them into their bank accounts for full, unlimited value, or to exchange the banknotes for new, subject to a cap.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> has a complex history of legal tender. English law applied, as applicable to local circumstances, either from 6 January 1840 (when <a href="/wiki/George_Gipps" title="George Gipps">the Governor of New South Wales</a> by proclamation annexed New Zealand) or from 14 January 1840 (when Captain <a href="/wiki/William_Hobson" title="William Hobson">Hobson</a> (of the Royal Navy) was sworn in as Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand). The English Laws Act 1858 subsequently confirmed that English legislation passed prior to 14 January 1840 was and had been the law of New Zealand, as applicable to local circumstances. The (UK) Coinage Act 1816 therefore applied and British coins were confirmed as legal tender in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. (Unusually, until 1989, the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_New_Zealand" title="Reserve Bank of New Zealand">Reserve Bank</a>, established in 1934, did not have the right to issue coins as legal tender. Coins had to be issued by the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Finance (New Zealand)">Minister of Finance</a>.) </p><p>The history of bank notes in New Zealand was considerably more complex. In 1840 the <a href="/wiki/Union_Bank_of_Australia" title="Union Bank of Australia">Union Bank of Australia</a> started issuing bank notes under provisions of British law but these were not automatically legal tender. </p><p>In 1844, ordinances were passed by NZ Parliament making the <a href="/wiki/ANZ_Bank_New_Zealand#History" title="ANZ Bank New Zealand">Union Bank</a> banknotes legal tender and authorizing the government to issue debentures in small denominations, thus creating two sets of legal tender. These debentures were circulated but were traded at a discount to their face value because of distrust of the colonial government amongst the settler population. In 1845 the British Colonial office disallowed the Ordinance,<sup id="cite_ref-matthews_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-matthews-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> namely the Debentures Act 1844 (NZ), and the debentures were recalled,<sup id="cite_ref-matthews_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-matthews-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> not without first causing a <a href="/wiki/Panic" title="Panic">panic</a> among holders. </p><p>In 1847, the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Bank_of_Issue" title="Colonial Bank of Issue">Colonial Bank of Issue</a> became the only issuer of legal tender. In 1856, however, the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Bank_of_Issue" title="Colonial Bank of Issue">Colonial Bank of Issue</a> was disbanded; and through the Paper Currency Act 1856 the Union Bank was confirmed once again as an issuer of legal tender. The Act also authorized the <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Bank_Corporation" title="Oriental Bank Corporation">Oriental Bank</a> to issue legal tender - but this bank ceased operations in 1861. </p><p>Between 1861 and 1874, a number of other banks including the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_New_Zealand" title="Bank of New Zealand">Bank of New Zealand</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_New_South_Wales" title="Bank of New South Wales">Bank of New South Wales</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_New_Zealand" title="National Bank of New Zealand">National Bank of New Zealand</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Bank_of_New_Zealand" title="Colonial Bank of New Zealand">Colonial Bank of New Zealand</a> were created by Acts of Parliament and authorized to issue bank-notes backed by gold, however these notes were not legal tender. </p><p>The 1893 Bank Note Issue Act allowed the government to declare a bank's right to issue legal tender. This enabled the government to make such a declaration to assist the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_New_Zealand" title="Bank of New Zealand">Bank of New Zealand</a> when in 1895 the bank encountered financial difficulties that could have led to its failure. </p><p>In 1914, the Banking Amendment Act gave legal-tender status to bank notes from any issuer and removed the requirement that banks authorized to issue bank notes must redeem them on demand for gold (the <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a>). </p><p>In 1933, the Coinage Act authorized a specific New Zealand coinage and removed legal-tender status from British coins. In the same year the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_New_Zealand" title="Reserve Bank of New Zealand">Reserve Bank of New Zealand</a> was established. The bank was given a monopoly on the issue of legal tender. The Reserve Bank also provided a mechanism through which the other issuers of legal tender could phase out their bank notes. These banknotes were convertible into British legal tender on demand at the Reserve Bank and remained so until the 1938 Sterling Exchange Suspension Notice that suspended provisions of a 1936 amendment of the 1933 Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act. </p><p>In 1964, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act re-stated that only notes issued by the Reserve Bank were legal tender. The Act also ended the right of individuals to redeem their bank notes for coin, effectively ending the distinction between coin and notes in New Zealand. The Act came into force in 1967, establishing as legal tender all <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">New Zealand dollar</a> five-dollar banknotes and greater, all decimal coins, the pre-decimal sixpence, the <a href="/wiki/Shilling" title="Shilling">shilling</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Florin_(New_Zealand_coin)" title="Florin (New Zealand coin)">florin</a>. Also passed in 1964 was the Decimal Currency Act, which created the basis for a decimal currency, introduced in 1967. </p><p>As of 2005<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, banknotes were legal tender for all payments, and $1 and $2 coins were legal tender for payments up to $100, and 10c, 20c, and 50c silver coins were legal tender for payments up to $5. These older-style silver coins were legal tender until October 2006, after which only the new 10c, 20c and 50c coins, introduced in August 2006, remained legal.<sup id="cite_ref-matthews_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-matthews-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norway">Norway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Norway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_krone" title="Norwegian krone">Norwegian krone</a> (NOK) is legal tender in <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> according to the Central Bank (<a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>: <i lang="no">Sentralbankloven</i>) of 24 May 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, no-one is obliged to accept more than 25 coins of each denomination (of which currently 1, 5, 10 and 20 NOK denominations are in common circulation). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singapore_and_Brunei">Singapore and Brunei</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Singapore and Brunei"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> have a Currency Interchangeability Agreement since 12 June 1967. Under the agreement, <a href="/wiki/Singapore_dollar" title="Singapore dollar">Singapore dollar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brunei_dollar" title="Brunei dollar">Brunei dollar</a> are exchangeable at par without charge in both countries. As such, the currency of one country is accepted in the other country as "customary tender".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switzerland_and_Liechtenstein">Switzerland and Liechtenstein</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Switzerland and Liechtenstein"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Swiss franc</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Swiss franc</a> is the only legal tender in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. Any payment consisting of up to 100 Swiss coins is legal tender; banknotes are legal tender for any amount.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sixth series of Swiss <a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_Swiss_franc" title="Banknotes of the Swiss franc">bank notes</a> from 1976, recalled by the National Bank in 2000 and the eighth series from the 1990s which was withdrawn in 2021, are both no longer legal tender, but banknotes from both series can be exchanged for current notes indefinitely at branches of the Swiss National Bank or at cantonal banks. </p><p>The Swiss franc is also the legal tender of the Principality of <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>, which is in a <a href="/wiki/Customs_union" title="Customs union">customs union</a> with Switzerland. </p><p>The Swiss franc is also the currency used for administrative and accounting purposes by most of the numerous international organisations that are headquartered in Switzerland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">New Taiwan dollar</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">New Taiwan dollar</a> issued by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Republic_of_China_(Taiwan)" title="Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)">Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)</a> is legal tender for all payments within the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, since 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> candidates to become civil servants in <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in the Republic of China">elections in the Republic of China</a> may no longer pay any <a href="/wiki/Deposit_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deposit (politics)">deposit</a> in coinage.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thailand">Thailand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Thailand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Thai_money" title="History of Thai money">History of Thai money</a></div><p> Series 2 banknotes first issued in 1925 during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Rama_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Rama VI">Rama VI</a> and continuing into the reign of <a href="/wiki/Rama_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Rama VII">Rama VII</a> added the legend: </p><blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">สัญญาจะจ่ายเงินให้แก่ผู้นำบัตรนี้มาขึ้นเป็นเงินตราสยาม</span> </p><p><i>Promise to pay</i> (silver to) <i>bearer on demand in</i> (silver) <i>currency of Siam</i>; </p> </blockquote><p> later changed in 1928 to be in line with The Currency Act, B.E. 2471<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to: </p><blockquote> <p><span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">ธนบัตรเป็นเงินที่ชำระหนี้ได้ตามกฎหมาย</span></span> </p><p><i>This note is legal tender</i> (<a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">literal translation</a>, <i>silver in payment of debt</i>) <i>according to law</i>. </p> </blockquote><p> The front has a <a href="/wiki/Guilloche" class="mw-redirect" title="Guilloche">guilloche</a> design with twelve rays, and the back, depictions of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ploughing_Ceremony" title="Royal Ploughing Ceremony">Royal Ploughing Ceremony</a>. These were printed in 6 denominations – 1, 5, 10, 20,100 and 1000 baht – in two types printed by <a href="/wiki/De_La_Rue" title="De La Rue">De La Rue</a> of London, England.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the UK legal tender specifically relates to the settlement of <a href="/wiki/Debt" title="Debt">debts</a>: a debtor cannot successfully be sued for non-payment if they pay the exact amount (change cannot be demanded) into court in legal tender. </p><p>Legal tender is solely for the guaranteed settlement of debts, and does not imply a right to pay with cash in other contexts.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Mint_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Mint-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a misconception that somebody due to be paid a certain amount of money—such as a shopkeeper—must accept legal tender if proffered for payment;<sup id="cite_ref-Bank_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bank-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in reality the payee may choose to refuse or accept any specific type of payment, whether legal tender or not.<sup id="cite_ref-Mint_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mint-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a specific instance, following the outbreak in 2020 of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, many shops chose not to accept any form of cash due to the risk of infection, accepting <a href="/wiki/Payment_card" title="Payment card">payment cards</a> only.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the United Kingdom, <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_pound_sterling" title="Coins of the pound sterling">Royal Mint coins</a> valued <a href="/wiki/British_one_pound_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="British one pound coin">£1</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_two_pound_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="British two pound coin">£2</a>, and <a href="/wiki/British_five_pound_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="British five pound coin">£5</a> <a href="/wiki/Pounds_sterling" class="mw-redirect" title="Pounds sterling">sterling</a> are legal tender in unlimited amounts. <a href="/wiki/Twenty_pence_(British_decimal_coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty pence (British decimal coin)">Twenty pence pieces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fifty_pence_(British_decimal_coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifty pence (British decimal coin)">fifty pence pieces</a> are legal tender in amounts up to £10; <a href="/wiki/Five_pence_(British_decimal_coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Five pence (British decimal coin)">five pence pieces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ten_pence_(British_decimal_coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten pence (British decimal coin)">ten pence pieces</a> are legal tender in amounts up to £5; and <a href="/wiki/Penny_(British_decimal_coin)" title="Penny (British decimal coin)">pennies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Two_pence_(British_decimal_coin)" title="Two pence (British decimal coin)">two pence coins</a> are legal tender in amounts up to 20 pence.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_Mint_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Mint-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In accordance with the Coinage Act 1971,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gold_sovereign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold sovereign">gold sovereigns</a> are also legal tender for any amount. Although it is not specifically mentioned on them, the face values of gold coins are 50p; £1; £2; and £5, a mere fraction of their worth as bullion. Five pound coins, although legal tender, are intended as souvenirs and are almost never seen in circulation. </p><p>Current <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England_note_issues" title="Bank of England note issues">Bank of England notes</a> are legal tender in England and Wales and are issued in the denominations of £5, £10, £20 and £50. Banknotes can always be redeemed at the Bank of England even if discontinued. </p><p>To meet the legal definition of legal tender, the exact amount due must be tendered; no change can be demanded.<sup id="cite_ref-Mint_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mint-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Royal_Maundy#Maundy_coinage" title="Royal Maundy">Maundy money</a> is legal tender but may not be accepted by retailers and is worth much more than face value due to its rarity value and silver content. </p><p>In a 1976 case, <i> <a href="/wiki/Miliangos_v_George_Frank_Ltd" title="Miliangos v George Frank Ltd">Miliangos v George Frank Ltd</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_functions_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Judicial functions of the House of Lords">House of Lords</a> established that the <a href="/wiki/Courts_of_England_and_Wales" title="Courts of England and Wales">English courts</a> could order debts to be paid in currencies other than sterling under certain circumstances, overturning two centuries of precedent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scotland_and_Northern_Ireland">Scotland and Northern Ireland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Scotland and Northern Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Royal Mint coins are legal tender in Scotland and Northern Ireland, but no banknotes are.<sup id="cite_ref-Bank_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bank-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_Scotland" title="Banknotes of Scotland">Scottish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Banknotes of Northern Ireland">Northern Irish</a> banknotes are widely accepted but are not legal tender anywhere in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="History_3">History</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 19th century, gold coins were legal tender to any amount, but silver coins were not legal tender for sums over £2 nor bronze for sums over 1 <a href="/wiki/Shilling" title="Shilling">shilling</a>. This provision was retained in revised form at the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Decimal_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal day">decimal currency</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Decimal_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal day">Coinage Act 1971</a> laid down that coins denominated above 10 pence became legal tender for payment not exceeding 10 pounds, non-bronze coins denominated not more than 10 pence became legal tender for payment not exceeding 5 pounds, and bronze coins became legal tender for payment not exceeding 20 pence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> (1861–1865), silver coins were legal tender only up to the sum of $5. Before 1853, when U.S. silver coins were reduced in weight 7%, coins had exactly their value in metal (from 1830 to 1852). Two silver 50 cent coins had exactly $1 worth of silver. A gold U.S. dollar of 1849 had $1 worth of gold. With the flood of gold coming out of the California mines in the early 1850s, the price of silver rose (gold went down). Thus, 50 cent coins of 1840 to 1852 were worth 53 cents if melted down. The government could increase the value of the gold coins (expensive) or reduce the size of all U.S. silver coins. With the reduction of 1853, a 50-cent coin now had only 48 cents of silver. This is the reason for the $5 limit of silver coins as legal tender; paying somebody $100 in the new silver coins would be giving them $96 worth of silver. Most people preferred bank check or gold coins for large purchases.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the early part of the war, the federal government first issued United States Notes (inheriting the nickname <a href="/wiki/Greenback_(money)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenback (money)">greenback</a> notes from the contemporary new <a href="/wiki/Demand_Note" title="Demand Note">Demand Notes</a>), which were not redeemable in gold and silver coins but could be used to pay "all dues" to the federal government. Since land purchases and duties on imports were payable only in gold or the new <a href="/wiki/Demand_Note" title="Demand Note">Demand Notes</a>, the Demand Notes were bought by importers and land speculators for about 97 cents on the gold dollar and never lost value. 1862 greenbacks (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Note" title="United States Note">Legal Tender Notes</a>) at first traded for 97 cents on the dollar but gained/lost value depending on fortunes of the Union army. The value of Legal Tender Greenbacks swung wildly but trading was from 85 to 33 cents on the gold dollar.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>This resulted in a situation in which the greenback "Legal Tender" notes of 1862 were <a href="/wiki/Fiat_money" title="Fiat money">fiat</a>, and so gold and silver were held, and paper circulated at a discount because of <a href="/wiki/Gresham%27s_law" title="Gresham's law">Gresham's law</a>. The 1861 Demand Notes were a huge success but robbed the customs house of much needed gold coin (interest on most bonds back then was paid in gold). A money-strapped Congress, which had to pay for the war, eventually adopted the <a href="/wiki/Legal_Tender_Cases#Legal_Tender_Act_of_1862" title="Legal Tender Cases">Legal Tender Act of 1862</a>, issuing <a href="/wiki/United_States_Notes" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Notes">United States Notes</a> backed only by treasury securities and compelled the people to accept the new notes at a discount; prices rose except for those who had gold and/or silver coins.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Following the Civil War, paper currency was disputed as to whether it must be accepted as payment. In 1869, Hepburn v. Griswold found that Henry Griswold would not have to accept paper currency because it could not truly be "legal tender" and was unconstitutional as a legally enforceable means to pay debts. This led to the <a href="/wiki/Legal_Tender_Cases" title="Legal Tender Cases">Legal Tender Cases</a> in 1870, which overturned the previous ruling and established the paper currency as constitutional and proper legal tender that must be accepted in all situations.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the 1884 Supreme Court ruling in <i><a href="/wiki/Juilliard_v._Greenman" title="Juilliard v. Greenman">Juilliard v. Greenman</a></i>, the "Supreme Court ruled that Congress had the right to issue notes to be legal tender for the payment of public and private debt. Legal-tender notes are treasury notes or banknotes that, in the eyes of the law, must be accepted in the payment of debts."<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ruling in the Legal Tender Cases (which include <i>Juilliard v. Greenman</i>) led later courts to "support the federal government's invalidation of gold clauses in private contracts in the 1930s."<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (April 2021)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On the other hand, coins made of gold or silver may not necessarily be legal tender, if they are not fiat money in the jurisdiction where they are proffered as payment. The <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1965" title="Coinage Act of 1965">Coinage Act of 1965</a> states (in part): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>United States coins and currency (including Federal reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal reserve banks and national banks) are legal tender for all debts, public charges, taxes and dues. Foreign gold or silver coins are not legal tender for debts.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Title_31_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 31 of the United States Code">31 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5103">§ 5103</a></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Contrary to common misconception,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there is no federal law stating that a private business, a person, or a government organization must accept currency or coins for payment. Private businesses are free to create their own policies on whether they accept cash, unless there is a specific state law which says otherwise. For example, a bus line may prohibit payment of fares in cents or dollar bills. In addition, movie theaters, convenience stores, and gas stations may refuse to accept large denomination currency as a matter of policy or safety.<sup id="cite_ref-LTSFAQ_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LTSFAQ-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FRBFAQ_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRBFAQ-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The principal purpose of that statute is to ensure the nationwide acceptance of U.S. currency, consistent with constitutional language that reserves to Congress the power to create a uniform currency that holds the same value throughout the United States. While the statute provides that U.S. money is legal tender that may be accepted for the payment of debts, it does not require <i>acceptance</i> of cash payments, nor does it provide that restrictions cannot be imposed upon the acceptance of cash.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Venezuela">Venezuela</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Venezuela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%93present_economic_crisis_in_Venezuela" title="2013–present economic crisis in Venezuela">2013–present economic crisis in Venezuela</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Legal_tender" title="Special:EditPage/Legal tender">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On 11 December 2016, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>'s government announced demonetisation following almost 500% inflation in the country. People of the country were given 3 days to get rid of the 100 Bolivar notes (most widely used currency) post the introduction of new note of higher denominations. As of 15 June 2017, there has been 7 extensions (one per month) of the legal use of the 100 bolivares bill notes. The 100 Bolivar notes were still legal tender as of 30 December 2017.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Zimbabwe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> has a multi-currency system that recognizes the <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_ZiG" title="Zimbabwean ZiG">Zimbabwean ZiG</a>, the US dollar and the gold (<a href="/wiki/Mosi-oa-Tunya_(coin)" title="Mosi-oa-Tunya (coin)">Mosi-oa-Tunya (coin)</a>) as legal tender.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Zimbabwe" title="Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe">Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe</a> is also issuing the ZiG, a digital token backed by gold, which has also been granted legal tender status.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/32px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/48px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/64px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="465" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Money" title="Portal:Money">Money portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_monetization" title="Economy monetization">Economy monetization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gresham%27s_law" title="Gresham's law">Gresham's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp_demonetization" title="Postage stamp demonetization">Postage stamp demonetization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_deferred_payment" title="Standard of deferred payment">Standard of deferred payment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seigniorage" title="Seigniorage">Seigniorage</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Royal_Mint-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Mint_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Mint_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Mint_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_Mint_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalmint.com/aboutus/policies-and-guidelines/legal-tender-guidelines/">"Legal Tender Guidelines"</a>. Royal Mint. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120302223933/http://www.royalmint.com/aboutus/policies-and-guidelines/legal-tender-guidelines">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legal+Tender+Guidelines&rft.pub=Royal+Mint&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalmint.com%2Faboutus%2Fpolicies-and-guidelines%2Flegal-tender-guidelines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+tender" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul M. Horvitz, <i>Monetary Policy and the Financial System</i>, p. 14, Prentice-Hall, 3rd ed. (1974).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rbalegaltender-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rbalegaltender_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rbalegaltender_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rbalegaltender_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://banknotes.rba.gov.au/legal/legal-tender/">"Legal Tender"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Reserve Bank of Australia</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141213015111/http://banknotes.rba.gov.au/legal/legal-tender/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reserve+Bank+of+Australia&rft.atitle=Legal+Tender&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbanknotes.rba.gov.au%2Flegal%2Flegal-tender%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+tender" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economy-finance.ec.europa.eu/euro/use-euro/euro-legal-tender_en">"The euro as legal tender"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Commission&rft.atitle=The+euro+as+legal+tender&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomy-finance.ec.europa.eu%2Feuro%2Fuse-euro%2Feuro-legal-tender_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+tender" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/legal_tender">"legal tender"</a>. <i>Legal Information Institute</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Law_School" title="Cornell Law School">Cornell Law School</a>. June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406063233/https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/legal_tender">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legal+Information+Institute&rft.atitle=legal+tender&rft.date=2020-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fwex%2Flegal_tender&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+tender" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tender">"Tender Definition & Meaning" in Merriam-Webster</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090424175942/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tender">Archived</a> 24 April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 13 July 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCross2012" class="citation book cs1">Cross, Bill (2012). <i>Dollar Default: How the Federal Reserve and the Government Betrayed Your Trust</i>. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. pp. <span class="nowrap">15–</span>16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781475261080" title="Special:BookSources/9781475261080"><bdi>9781475261080</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dollar+Default%3A+How+the+Federal+Reserve+and+the+Government+Betrayed+Your+Trust&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E16&rft.pub=CreateSpace+Independent+Publishing+Platform&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781475261080&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+tender" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank,_Anne,_1929-1945.2003" class="citation book cs1">Frank, Anne, 1929-1945. (2003). <i>The diary of Anne Frank</i>. Barnouw, David,, Stroom, Gerrold van der,, Paape, A. H. (Abraham Harry), 1925-2001,, Hardy, H. J. J.,, Pomerans, Arnold,, Mooyaart-Doubleday, B. M. (The revised critical ed.). New York. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-50847-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-50847-6"><bdi>0-385-50847-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51866807">51866807</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+diary+of+Anne+Frank&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=The+revised+critical&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51866807&rft.isbn=0-385-50847-6&rft.au=Frank%2C+Anne%2C+1929-1945.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+tender" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/AnneFrankTheDiaryOfAYoungGirl_201606">"Anne Frank The Diary Of A Young Girl : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming"</a>. <i>Internet Archive</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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A Guide Book Of United States Paper Money: Complete Source for History, Grading, and Prices (Second Edition)</i> Whitman Publishing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7948-2362-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7948-2362-9">0-7948-2362-9</a>, pg. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-THE_COST_OF_CASH_IN_THE_UNITED_STATES-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-THE_COST_OF_CASH_IN_THE_UNITED_STATES_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChakravortiMazzotta2013" class="citation web cs1">Chakravorti, Bhaskar; Mazzotta, Benjamin D. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mercopress&rft.atitle=Bitcoin+legal+tender+in+El+Salvador%2C+first+country+ever&rft.date=2021-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.mercopress.com%2F2021%2F06%2F10%2Fbitcoin-legal-tender-in-el-salvador-first-country-ever&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+tender" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1998:139:0001:0005:EN:PDF">"Council Regulation (EC) No 974/98 of 3 May 1998 on the introduction of the euro"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Official Journal of the European Communities</i>. <b>41</b> (L 139): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>5. 11 May 1998. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0378-6978">0378-6978</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/104948742">104948742</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120930012921/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1998:139:0001:0005:EN:PDF">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Country-data.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090909072407/http://www.country-data.com/frd/cs/bhutan/bt_glos.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New Delhi: <span class="nowrap">3–</span>4. 8 November 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://finmin.nic.in/172521.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette+of+India&rft.atitle=EXTRAORDINARY+PART+II%E2%80%94Section+3%E2%80%94Sub-section+%28ii%29&rft.issue=2652&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.date=2016-11-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffinmin.nic.in%2F172521.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+tender" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-matthews-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-matthews_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-matthews_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-matthews_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100515010654/http://rbnz.govt.nz/research/bulletin/2002_2006/2003mar66_1matthews.pdf">"Reserve Bank of New Zealand: Bulletin Vol. 66 No. 1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/research/bulletin/2002_2006/2003mar66_1matthews.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reserve+Bank+of+New+Zealand%3A+Bulletin+Vol.+66+No.+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbnz.govt.nz%2Fresearch%2Fbulletin%2F2002_2006%2F2003mar66_1matthews.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+tender" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lovdata.no/all/hl-19850524-028.html#14">"Law regarding Norges Bank and monetary issues of 1985-05-24 no. 28, §14 (in Norwegian)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Law+regarding+Norges+Bank+and+monetary+issues+of+1985-05-24+no.+28%2C+%C2%A714+%28in+Norwegian%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lovdata.no%2Fall%2Fhl-19850524-028.html%2314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+tender" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140727060407/http://www.mas.gov.sg/currency/currency-interchangeability-agreement-with-brunei.aspx">"Currency Interchangeability Agreement – Brunei Notes and Coins"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Monetary_Authority_of_Singapore" title="Monetary Authority of Singapore">Monetary Authority of Singapore</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mas.gov.sg/currency/currency-interchangeability-agreement-with-brunei.aspx">the original</a> on 27 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Currency+Interchangeability+Agreement+%E2%80%93+Brunei+Notes+and+Coins&rft.pub=Monetary+Authority+of+Singapore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mas.gov.sg%2Fcurrency%2Fcurrency-interchangeability-agreement-with-brunei.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+tender" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Art. 3 of the Swiss law on Monetary Unit and means of payment. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/941_10/a3.html">German</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051028181522/http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/941_10/a3.html">Archived</a> 28 October 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/941_10/a3.html">French</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051228104714/http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/941_10/a3.html">Archived</a> 28 December 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/941_10/a3.html">Italian</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051228105900/http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/rs/941_10/a3.html">Archived</a> 28 December 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> versions.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawSearchNo.aspx?PC=G0410001&DF=&SNo=13">Article 13 of The Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Act</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928122246/https://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawSearchNo.aspx?PC=G0410001&DF=&SNo=13">Archived</a> 28 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawHistory.aspx?PCode=D0020010">Legislative History of the Civil Servants Election And Recall Act</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200503044905/https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawHistory.aspx?pcode=D0020010">Archived</a> 3 May 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, the 21st version: "The full text of 134 Articles amended and promulgated by President Order Hua-Tsung (1) Yi-Tzu No. 09500075641 on November 7, 2007 and enforced accordingly".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawSearchNo.aspx?PC=D0020010&DF=&SNo=32">Article 32 of the Civil Servants Election And Recall Act</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130224015732/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2471/A/25.PDF"><bdi lang="th">พระราชบัญญัติเงินตราพุทธศักราช ๒๔๗๑</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Thai). ราชกิจจานุเบกษา เล่ม ๔๕ หน้าที่ ๒๕ – ๓๙ วันที่ ๑๕ เมษายน พ.ศ. ๒๔๗๑. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2471/A/25.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A+%E0%B9%92%E0%B9%94%E0%B9%97%E0%B9%91&rft.pub=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2+%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1+%E0%B9%94%E0%B9%95+%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88+%E0%B9%92%E0%B9%95+%E2%80%93+%E0%B9%93%E0%B9%99+%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88+%E0%B9%91%E0%B9%95+%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99+%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8.+%E0%B9%92%E0%B9%94%E0%B9%97%E0%B9%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th%2FDATA%2FPDF%2F2471%2FA%2F25.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+tender" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171230114649/http://knowledgemerger.com/demonetisation-essay/">"Banknotes, Series 2"</a>. <i>Banknotes > History and Series of Banknotes ></i>. <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Thailand" title="Bank of Thailand">Bank of Thailand</a>. 23 February 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knowledgemerger.com/demonetisation-essay/">the original</a> on 30 December 2017. <q>The design was printed on both sides....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Banknotes+%3E+History+and+Series+of+Banknotes+%3E&rft.atitle=Banknotes%2C+Series+2&rft.date=2012-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknowledgemerger.com%2Fdemonetisation-essay%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+tender" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bank-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bank_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bank_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/knowledgebank/what-is-legal-tender">"What is legal tender?"</a>. <i>Bank of England</i>. 30 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190409075130/https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/knowledgebank/what-is-legal-tender">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bank+of+England&rft.atitle=What+is+legal+tender%3F&rft.date=2020-01-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofengland.co.uk%2Fknowledgebank%2Fwhat-is-legal-tender&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+tender" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mint-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mint_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mint_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalmint.com/help/trm-faqs/legal-tender-amounts/">"What are the legal tender amounts acceptable for UK coins?"</a>. <i>The Royal Mint</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803064956/https://www.royalmint.com/help/trm-faqs/legal-tender-amounts/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Royal+Mint&rft.atitle=What+are+the+legal+tender+amounts+acceptable+for+UK+coins%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalmint.com%2Fhelp%2Ftrm-faqs%2Flegal-tender-amounts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+tender" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShah2021" class="citation news cs1">Shah, Furvah (10 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/independentpremium/uk-news/shops-cash-payments-covid-restrictions-b1917732.html">"Shops refusing to take cash even as Covid restrictions lift, watchdog finds"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216160320/https://www.independent.co.uk/independentpremium/uk-news/shops-cash-payments-covid-restrictions-b1917732.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Shops+refusing+to+take+cash+even+as+Covid+restrictions+lift%2C+watchdog+finds&rft.date=2021-09-10&rft.aulast=Shah&rft.aufirst=Furvah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Findependentpremium%2Fuk-news%2Fshops-cash-payments-covid-restrictions-b1917732.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+tender" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/24/contents">"Coinage Act 1971 c. 24 (as amended)"</a>. <i>Legislation.gov.uk</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Reserve&rft.atitle=Is+it+Legal+to+Refuse+Cash+Payment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalreserve.gov%2Ffaqs%2Fcurrency_12772.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+tender" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsdzezimbabwe.co.uk/2023/10/govt-extends-multi-currency-system-to.html">"GOVT EXTENDS MULTI CURRENCY SYSTEM TO 2030"</a>. NewsdzeZimbabwe. 27 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231028011145/https://www.newsdzezimbabwe.co.uk/2023/10/govt-extends-multi-currency-system-to.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISSUANCE+AND+USAGE+OF+GOLD-BACKED+DIGITAL+TOKENS&rft.pub=Reserve+Bank+of+Zimbabwe&rft.date=2023-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbz.co.zw%2Fdocuments%2Fpress%2F2023%2FApril%2FPress_Statement_-_Issuance_of_Gold-backed_Digital_Tokens_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+tender" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbz.co.zw/documents/press/2023/October/Press_Statement-_Introduction_of_ZiG_as_a_Means_of_Payment_-_5-10-2023.pdf">"INTRODUCTION OF THE ZIMBABWE GOLD-BACKED DIGITAL TOKEN (ZiG) AS A MEANS OF PAYMENT"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Zimbabwe" title="Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe">Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe</a>. 5 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231010012919/https://www.rbz.co.zw/documents/press/2023/October/Press_Statement-_Introduction_of_ZiG_as_a_Means_of_Payment_-_5-10-2023.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INTRODUCTION+OF+THE+ZIMBABWE+GOLD-BACKED+DIGITAL+TOKEN+%28ZiG%29+AS+A+MEANS+OF+PAYMENT&rft.pub=Reserve+Bank+of+Zimbabwe&rft.date=2023-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbz.co.zw%2Fdocuments%2Fpress%2F2023%2FOctober%2FPress_Statement-_Introduction_of_ZiG_as_a_Means_of_Payment_-_5-10-2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+tender" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_tender&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the 1920 <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i> article <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Legal_Tender" class="extiw" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Legal Tender">Legal Tender</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalmint.com/aboutus/policies-and-guidelines/legal-tender-guidelines">The Royal Mint – UK Legal Tender Guidelines</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.royalmint.com/are-stamps-legal-tender/">The Royal Mint – Legal tender status of stamps in the UK</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120429215928/http://blog.royalmint.com/are-stamps-legal-tender/">Archived</a> 29 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/1107">Act to authorize the Issue of United States Notes, and for the Redemption or Funding thereof, and for Funding the Floating Debt of the United States. 37th Congress, 2d Session, Ch. 33, 12 Stat. 345. [Legal Tender Act]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/1119">Act to authorize an additional Issue of United States Notes, and for other purposes. 37th Congress, 2d Session, Ch. 142, 12 Stat. 532 [Second Legal Tender Act]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/1138">Act to provide Ways and Means for the Support of the Government. 37th Congress, 3d Session, Ch. 73, 12 Stat. 709 [Third legal Tender Act]</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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Mesoamerica & N. Andes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">Cocoa bean</a> (Mesoamerica)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koku" title="Koku">Koku</a> (rice)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manilla_(money)" title="Manilla (money)">Manilla</a> (W. Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">Precious metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quachtli" title="Quachtli">Quachtli</a> (cotton cloth)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">Salt</a> (Roman world)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shekel" title="Shekel">Shekel</a> (barley)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_money" title="Shell money">Shells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_beads" title="Trade beads">Trade bead</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">Water buffalo</a> (SE Asia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">Cow</a> (Hindu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">Camel</a> (Arabia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">Yak</a> 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title="Central bank digital currency">Central bank digital currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_property" title="Personal property">Chattel/movable property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheque" title="Cheque">Cheque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearing_(finance)" title="Clearing (finance)">Clearing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheque_clearing" title="Cheque clearing">Cheque clearing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_tablet" title="Clay tablet">Clay token</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deposit_(finance)" title="Deposit (finance)">Deposit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deposit_account" title="Deposit account">Deposit account</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Legal tender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notary" title="Notary">Notary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_money" title="Paper money">Paper money</a></li> <li><a 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