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class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Telefon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telefon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Telefon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telefon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niektóre_patenty_Graya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niektóre_patenty_Graya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Niektóre patenty Graya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niektóre_patenty_Graya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linki_zewnętrzne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Linki zewnętrzne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Spis treści" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Elisha Gray</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 29 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elisha Gray" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="إليشا غراي – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إليشا غراي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Elisha Gray" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elisha Gray" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elisha Gray" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Elisha Gray" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elisha Gray" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elisha Gray" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elisha Gray" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="الیشا گری – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الیشا گری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Elisha Gray" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%94_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4" title="일라이셔 그레이 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일라이셔 그레이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B7%D5%A1_%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B5" title="Իլայշա Գրեյ – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իլայշա Գրեյ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Elisha Gray" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elisha Gray" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli%C5%A1a_Grejs" title="Eliša Grejs – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Eliša Grejs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray – malgaski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Elisha Gray" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elisha Gray" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4" title="イライシャ・グレイ – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イライシャ・グレイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elisha Gray" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Elisha Gray" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Elisha Gray" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9,_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Грей, Элайша – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грей, Элайша" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elisha Gray" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elisha Gray" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="เอลิชา เกรย์ – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอลิชา เกรย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elisha Gray" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Ілайша Грей – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ілайша Грей" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%8E%B1%E6%B2%99%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7" title="伊莱沙·格雷 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊莱沙·格雷" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q318449#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja:Elisha_Gray" rel="discussion" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Gray"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisha_Gray&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisha_Gray&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisha_Gray&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Gray"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisha_Gray&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisha_Gray&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisha_Gray&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Elisha_Gray" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Elisha_Gray" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a 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Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r75562627">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Elisha Gray</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Portrait_elisha_gray.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Portrait_elisha_gray.jpg/177px-Portrait_elisha_gray.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Portrait_elisha_gray.jpg/266px-Portrait_elisha_gray.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Portrait_elisha_gray.jpg 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="393" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce urodzenia </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/8_lutego" title="8 lutego">8 lutego</a> <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Barnesville_(Ohio)" title="Barnesville (Ohio)">Barnesville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, USA </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce śmierci </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/21_stycznia" title="21 stycznia">21 stycznia</a> <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Newtonville_(Massachusetts)" title="Newtonville (Massachusetts)">Newtonville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, U.S. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Zawód, zajęcie </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/In%C5%BCynier" title="Inżynier">inżynier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wynalazek" title="Wynalazek">wynalazca</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Miejsce zamieszkania </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">Stany Zjednoczone</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Narodowość </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Amerykanie" title="Amerykanie">amerykańska</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr class="grafika iboxs grafika-z-wikidanych"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Signature_of_Elisha_Gray_(1835%E2%80%931901).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="podpis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Signature_of_Elisha_Gray_%281835%E2%80%931901%29.png/130px-Signature_of_Elisha_Gray_%281835%E2%80%931901%29.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Signature_of_Elisha_Gray_%281835%E2%80%931901%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="179" data-file-height="74" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" class="extiw" title="commons:Elisha Gray">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Bell-gray-smoking-gun.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bell-gray-smoking-gun.png/240px-Bell-gray-smoking-gun.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bell-gray-smoking-gun.png/360px-Bell-gray-smoking-gun.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bell-gray-smoking-gun.png/480px-Bell-gray-smoking-gun.png 2x" data-file-width="881" data-file-height="659" /></a><figcaption>Fragmenty zastrzeżenia patentowego Graya z 14 lutego 1876 roku i wpisu w notatniku Bella z 8 marca ukazujące ich podobieństwo</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Elisha Gray</b> (ur. <a href="/wiki/8_lutego" title="8 lutego">8 lutego</a> <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a> w <a href="/wiki/Barnesville_(Ohio)" title="Barnesville (Ohio)">Barnesville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, zm. <a href="/wiki/21_stycznia" title="21 stycznia">21 stycznia</a> <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a> w <a href="/wiki/Newtonville_(Massachusetts)" title="Newtonville (Massachusetts)">Newtonville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Amerykanie" title="Amerykanie">amerykański</a> <a href="/wiki/In%C5%BCynier" title="Inżynier">inżynier</a> elektryk, współzałożyciel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Electric&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Electric (strona nie istnieje)">Western Electric Manufacturing Company</a>. Największy rozgłos przyniosło mu zbudowanie w 1876 roku w <a href="/wiki/Highland_Park_(Illinois)" title="Highland Park (Illinois)">Highland Park</a> w <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> prototypu <a href="/wiki/Telefon" title="Telefon">telefonu</a>. Jest uważany przez niektórych za prawdziwego wynalazcę telefonu o zmiennym <a href="/wiki/Rezystancja" title="Rezystancja">oporze</a>, pomimo tego że utracił <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> na rzecz <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexandra Bella</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Gray jest również uważany za ojca współczesnego <a href="/wiki/Syntezator" title="Syntezator">syntezatora</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Uzyskał przeszło 70 patentów<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Telefon">Telefon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisha_Gray&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Telefon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisha_Gray&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Telefon"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gray złożył w amerykańskim Urzędzie Patentowym zastrzeżenie, opisujące wynalazek urządzenia „transmitującego dźwięki ludzkiego głosu za pośrednictwem obwodów telegraficznych i odtwarzającego je na odbiorczym końcu linii tak, że rozmowy mogą być przeprowadzane przez osoby znajdujące się w znacznym dystansie od siebie”. Było to rozwinięcie myśli technicznej, która poskutkowała wcześniejszymi jego patentami nr US166095 i US166096 z 1875 roku. Zastrzeżenie patentowe zawierało opis i rysunki urządzenia, bez prośby o przeprowadzenie testów<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Zastrzeżenie zostało złożone w Urzędzie Patentowym przez prawnika Graya w poniedziałkowy poranek 14 lutego 1876 roku, tego samego dnia przed południem niezależnie złożył wniosek patentowy prawnik reprezentujący Alexandra Bella. Kolejność złożenia wniosków jest przedmiotem sporów, jednak pierwszeństwo samego skonstruowania przypisuje się Grayowi<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Niektóre_patenty_Graya"><span id="Niekt.C3.B3re_patenty_Graya"></span>Niektóre patenty Graya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisha_Gray&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Niektóre patenty Graya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisha_Gray&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Niektóre patenty Graya"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Electric Telegraph for Transmitting Musical Tones</i>, 27 lipca 1875<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Improvement in Electric Telegraph for Transmitting Musical Tones</i>, 27 lipca 1875<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Automatic Circuit-Breakers for Electro-Harmonic Telegraphs</i>, 15 lutego 1876<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Electro-Harmonic Telegraph</i>, 15 lutego 1876<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Telephonic Telegraph Apparatus</i>, 11 kwietnia 1876<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Electro-Harmonic Telegraph</i>, 16 stycznia 1877<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Art of Telegraphy</i>, lipiec 1888 (writing telegraph or telautograph)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Telautograph</i>, lipiec 1888<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Telautograph</i>, październik 1891<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Art of and Apparatus for Telautographic Communication</i>, październik 1891 (poprawiona prędkość i dokładność)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Telautograph</i>, luty 1893<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Telautograph</i>, kwiecień 1893<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisha_Gray&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisha_Gray&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Seth Shulman: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/telephonegambitc00shul">The Telephone Gambit</a></i>. New York: W. W. Norton, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/0393062066" title="Specjalna:Książki/0393062066">ISBN <span class="isbn">0-393-06206-6</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Telephone+Gambit&rft.au=Seth+Shulman&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.place=New+York&rft.isbn=0-393-06206-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftelephonegambitc00shul"></span></cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w książce</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playpiano.com/wordpress/musical-insruments/what-is-a-synthesizer-and-how-does-it-work">What is a Synthesizer and how does it work?</a>. Playpiano.com. [dostęp 2014-10-07].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oberlin.edu/external/EOG/OYTT-images/ElishaGray.html">Elisha Gray</a>. Oberlin.edu. [dostęp 2014-10-07].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130824204630/http://repo-nt.tcc.virginia.edu/classes/tcc315/Resources/ALM/Telephone/Exhibits/gray.html">The Invention of the Telephone Exhibit 2: Gray's Caveat</a>. [dostęp 2014-10-11]. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repo-nt.tcc.virginia.edu/classes/tcc315/Resources/ALM/Telephone/Exhibits/gray.html">tego adresu</a> (2013-08-24)].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Evenson, A. Edward: <i>The Telephone Patent Conspiracy of 1876: The Elisha Gray - Alexander Bell Controversy</i>. North Carolina: McFarland, s. 68-69. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/0786408839" title="Specjalna:Książki/0786408839">ISBN <span class="isbn">0-7864-0883-9</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Telephone+Patent+Conspiracy+of+1876%3A+The+Elisha+Gray+-+Alexander+Bell+Controversy&rft.au=Evenson%2C+A.+Edward&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.place=North+Carolina&rft.pages=68-69&rft.isbn=0-7864-0883-9"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/patents/US166095">Electric Telegraph for Transmitting Musical Tones</a>. [dostęp 2014-10-07].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/patents/US166096">Improvement Electric Telegraph for Transmitting Musical Tones</a>. [dostęp 2014-10-07].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/patents/US173460">Automatic Circuit-Breakers for Electro-Harmonic Telegraphs</a>. [dostęp 2014-10-07].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/patents/US173618">Electro-Harmonic Telegraph</a>. [dostęp 2014-10-07].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/patents/US175971">Telephonic Telegraph Apparatus</a>. [dostęp 2014-10-07].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/patents/US186340">Electro-Harmonic Telegraph</a>. [dostęp 2014-10-07].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/patents/US386814">Art of Telegraphy</a>. [dostęp 2014-10-07].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/patents/US386815">Telautograph</a>. [dostęp 2014-10-07].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/patents/US461470">Telautograph</a>. [dostęp 2014-10-07].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/patents/US461472">Art of and Apparatus for Telautographic Communication</a>. [dostęp 2014-10-07].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/patents/US491347">Telautograph</a>. [dostęp 2014-10-07].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/patents/US494562">Telautograph</a>. [dostęp 2014-10-07].</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linki_zewnętrzne"><span id="Linki_zewn.C4.99trzne"></span>Linki zewnętrzne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisha_Gray&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Linki zewnętrzne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisha_Gray&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Linki zewnętrzne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oberlin.edu/external/EOG/OYTT-images/ElishaGray.html">Elisha Gray – biografia</a>. oberlin.edu. [dostęp 2014-10-07].</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130824204630/http://repo-nt.tcc.virginia.edu/classes/tcc315/Resources/ALM/Telephone/Exhibits/gray.html">Zastrzeżenie patentowe telefonu Graya złożone 14 lutego 1876 (tego samego dnia co zgłoszenie Bella)</a>. [dostęp 2014-10-07]. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repo-nt.tcc.virginia.edu/classes/tcc315/Resources/ALM/Telephone/Exhibits/gray.html">tego adresu</a> (2013-08-24)].</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/13071/20040303-0000/www.acmi.net.au/AIC/GRAY_PATENT.html">Zastrzeżenie patentowe telefonu Graya z rysunkami</a>. [dostęp 2014-10-07].</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990203160003/http://repo-nt.tcc.virginia.edu/book/chap3/chapter3sec4.html">Harmonic Multiple Telegraph</a>. [dostęp 2014-10-07]. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repo-nt.tcc.virginia.edu/book/chap3/chapter3sec4.html">tego adresu</a> (1999-02-03)].</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19991004032858/http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/~meg3c/id/TCC315/back.html">Bell–Gray conflict</a>. [dostęp 2014-10-07]. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/~meg3c/id/TCC315/back.html">tego adresu</a> (1999-10-04)].</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jmcvey.net/cable/elements/telautograph1.htm">Telautograph – opis</a>. [dostęp 2014-10-07].</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ph/20130102091237/http://www.donparrish.com/ElishaGrayGrave.html">Grave of Elisha Gray, Rosehill Cemetery, Chicago</a>. [dostęp 2014-10-07].</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/g#a36384">Works by Elisha Gray</a>. Project Gutenberg. [dostęp 2014-10-07].</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r75562624">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-p"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">osoba</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000037004911">0000000037004911</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/77096582">77096582</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/n92112564">n92112564</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/117553999">117553999</a></span></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Library" class="extiw" title="en:Open Library">Open Library</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL2546439A">OL2546439A</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007442608605171">987007442608605171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elisha-Gray">biography/Elisha-Gray</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/elisha-gray">elisha-gray</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/elisha-gray">elisha-gray</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visuotin%C4%97_lietuvi%C5%B3_enciklopedija" title="Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija">VLE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/elisha-gray/">elisha-gray</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=Elisha_Gray">Elisha_Gray</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija">Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=23181">23181</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Dodaj temat</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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