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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Founding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_recognized_leagues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_recognized_leagues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Other recognized leagues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_recognized_leagues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dead-ball_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dead-ball_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Dead-ball era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dead-ball_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rise_in_popularity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise_in_popularity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Rise in popularity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rise_in_popularity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>World War II era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breaking_the_color_barrier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breaking_the_color_barrier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Breaking the color barrier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breaking_the_color_barrier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_in_baseball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_in_baseball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Women in baseball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women_in_baseball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relocation_and_expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relocation_and_expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Relocation and expansion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relocation_and_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pitching_dominance_and_rule_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pitching_dominance_and_rule_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Pitching dominance and rule changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pitching_dominance_and_rule_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_stadiums_and_artificial_surfaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_stadiums_and_artificial_surfaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>New stadiums and artificial surfaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_stadiums_and_artificial_surfaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scandals_and_a_changing_game" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scandals_and_a_changing_game"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Scandals and a changing game</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scandals_and_a_changing_game-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Steroid_era,_further_expansion_and_near_contraction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Steroid_era,_further_expansion_and_near_contraction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Steroid era, further expansion and near contraction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Steroid_era,_further_expansion_and_near_contraction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_modern_game" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_modern_game"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>The modern game</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_modern_game-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st-century_relocation_and_potential_expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st-century_relocation_and_potential_expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>21st-century relocation and potential expansion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st-century_relocation_and_potential_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Teams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizational_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizational_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organizational structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizational_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-League_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#League_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>League organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-League_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uniforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uniforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uniforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uniforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Season_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Season_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Season structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Season_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Season structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Season_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spring_training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spring_training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Spring training</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spring_training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regular_season" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regular_season"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Regular season</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regular_season-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-All-Star_Game" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#All-Star_Game"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>All-Star Game</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-All-Star_Game-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postseason" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postseason"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Postseason</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postseason-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_play" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_play"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>International play</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_play-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performance-enhancing_drugs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance-enhancing_drugs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Performance-enhancing drugs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance-enhancing_drugs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_coverage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_coverage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Media coverage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media_coverage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media coverage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media_coverage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blackout_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blackout_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Blackout policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blackout_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio_and_Internet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio_and_Internet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Radio and Internet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio_and_Internet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>International broadcasting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Major League Baseball: Difference between revisions</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoofligabofbal" title="Hoofligabofbal – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hoofligabofbal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%C3%BEele_Lega_Baasbeall" title="Æþele Lega Baasbeall – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Æþele Lega Baasbeall" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="دوري كرة القاعدة الرئيسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دوري كرة القاعدة الرئيسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandes_Lligues_de_B%C3%A9isbol" title="Grandes Lligues de Béisbol – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Grandes Lligues de Béisbol" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A1-ki%C3%BB_T%C4%81i_Li%C3%A2n-b%C3%AAng" title="Iá-kiû Tāi Liân-bêng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iá-kiû Tāi Liân-bêng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Галоўная ліга бейсбола – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Галоўная ліга бейсбола" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B3_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Мейджър Лийг Бейзбол – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мейджър Лийг Бейзбол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLB" title="MLB – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="MLB" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandes_Ligas_de_B%C3%A9isbol" title="Grandes Ligas de Béisbol – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grandes Ligas de Béisbol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandaj_Ligoj_de_Basbalo" title="Grandaj Ligoj de Basbalo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grandaj Ligoj de Basbalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beisbol_Liga_Handiak" title="Beisbol Liga Handiak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Beisbol Liga Handiak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لیگ برتر بیسبال آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیگ برتر بیسبال آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligues_majeures_de_baseball" title="Ligues majeures de baseball – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ligues majeures de baseball" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%80_%EB%A6%AC%EA%B7%B8_%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%B3%BC" title="메이저 리그 베이스볼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메이저 리그 베이스볼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%BD%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%A1_(MLB)" title="Բեյսբոլի գլխավոր լիգա (MLB) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բեյսբոլի գլխավոր լիգա (MLB)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2" title="मेजर लीग बेसबॉल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मेजर लीग बेसबॉल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLB" title="MLB – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="MLB" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%90" title="ბეისბოლის მთავარი ლიგა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბეისბოლის მთავარი ლიგა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augst%C4%81k%C4%81_beisbola_l%C4%ABga" title="Augstākā beisbola līga – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Augstākā beisbola līga" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Главна бејзболска лига – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Главна бејзболска лига" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2" title="मेजर लीग बेसबॉल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मेजर लीग बेसबॉल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="ميچور ليج بيسبول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميچور ليج بيسبول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="メジャーリーグベースボール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メジャーリーグベースボール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2" title="ਮੇਜਰ ਲੀਗ ਬੇਸਬਾਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੇਜਰ ਲੀਗ ਬੇਸਬਾਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Главная лига бейсбола – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Главная лига бейсбола" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glavna_bejzbolska_liga" title="Glavna bejzbolska liga – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Glavna bejzbolska liga" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLB" title="MLB – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="MLB" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பெரும் கூட்டிணைவு அடிப்பந்தாட்டம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெரும் கூட்டிணைவு அடிப்பந்தாட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="เมเจอร์ลีกเบสบอล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมเจอร์ลีกเบสบอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Лигаи бартари бейсболи Амрико – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Лигаи бартари бейсболи Амрико" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Major League Baseball" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng 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It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Mnbdawubos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-userlink" title="User:Mnbdawubos (page does not exist)" data-mw-revid="1258503277"><bdi>Mnbdawubos</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Mnbdawubos" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Mnbdawubos">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Mnbdawubos" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Mnbdawubos">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>2</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"><span class="comment mw-comment-none">No edit summary</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"><span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Tag</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-mw-reverted">Reverted</span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Major_League_Baseball&diff=next&oldid=1258503277" title="Major League Baseball" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 10:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 10:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>| logo_size = 225px</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>| logo_size = 225px</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>| sport = Baseball</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>| sport = Baseball</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>| founded = [[National League (baseball)|National League]] (NL), {{start date and age|1876}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Langs|first=Sarah|title=Donaldson scores MLB's 2 millionth run|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/2-million-runs-scored-in-mlb|publisher=[[MLB Advanced Media]]|website=[[MLB.com]]|date=May 29, 2021|access-date=March 4, 2022|quote=Official <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MLB</del> history dates to 1876, when the National League began play. According to research by MLB's official historian, John Thorn, the first run came on April 22 of that year – in the first game of the season, between the Boston Red Stockings, now the Braves, and the Philadelphia Athletics.|archive-date=June 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212641/https://www.mlb.com/news/2-million-runs-scored-in-mlb|url-status=live}}</ref><br />[[American League]] (AL), {{start date and age|1901}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Franchise Timeline|url=https://www.mlb.com/whitesox/history/timeline|publisher=[[MLB Advanced Media]]|website=WhiteSox.com|access-date=March 4, 2022|archive-date=July 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701111641/https://www.mlb.com/whitesox/history/timeline|url-status=live}}</ref><br />National Agreement signed, {{start date and age|1903}}<ref name="MLBCommissioner">{{cite web|title=The Commissionership: A Historical Perspective|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com|publisher=[[MLB Advanced Media]]|website=[[MLB.com]]|access-date=March 11, 2016|quote=The strength of the American League grew as an increasing number of National League players opted for the higher salaries offered by the new association. Faced with the prospect of losing many of its best players, the NL chose peace and declared the AL its equal in 1903. This led to a new National Agreement and the birth of the World Series. The American and National Leagues were established as major leagues and all other associations comprised the minor leagues, which fell under the jurisdiction of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues.|archive-date=July 28, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728195649/http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com|url-status=live}}</ref><br />Merged into one organization, {{start date and age|2000}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Chass|first=Murray|title=BASEBALL; League Presidents Out As Baseball Centralizes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/16/sports/baseball-league-presidents-out-as-baseball-centralizes.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 16, 1999|access-date=January 7, 2022|archive-date=December 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206193642/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/16/sports/baseball-league-presidents-out-as-baseball-centralizes.html|url-status=live}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| founded = [[National League (baseball)|National League]] (NL), {{start date and age|1876}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Langs|first=Sarah|title=Donaldson scores MLB's 2 millionth run|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/2-million-runs-scored-in-mlb|publisher=[[MLB Advanced Media]]|website=[[MLB.com]]|date=May 29, 2021|access-date=March 4, 2022|quote=Official <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Zhupailin's dad major</ins> history dates to 1876, when the National League began play. According to research by MLB's official historian, John Thorn, the first run came on April 22 of that year – in the first game of the season, between the Boston Red Stockings, now the Braves, and the Philadelphia Athletics.|archive-date=June 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212641/https://www.mlb.com/news/2-million-runs-scored-in-mlb|url-status=live}}</ref><br />[[American League]] (AL), {{start date and age|1901}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Franchise Timeline|url=https://www.mlb.com/whitesox/history/timeline|publisher=[[MLB Advanced Media]]|website=WhiteSox.com|access-date=March 4, 2022|archive-date=July 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701111641/https://www.mlb.com/whitesox/history/timeline|url-status=live}}</ref><br />National Agreement signed, {{start date and age|1903}}<ref name="MLBCommissioner">{{cite web|title=The Commissionership: A Historical Perspective|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com|publisher=[[MLB Advanced Media]]|website=[[MLB.com]]|access-date=March 11, 2016|quote=The strength of the American League grew as an increasing number of National League players opted for the higher salaries offered by the new association. Faced with the prospect of losing many of its best players, the NL chose peace and declared the AL its equal in 1903. This led to a new National Agreement and the birth of the World Series. The American and National Leagues were established as major leagues and all other associations comprised the minor leagues, which fell under the jurisdiction of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues.|archive-date=July 28, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728195649/http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com|url-status=live}}</ref><br />Merged into one organization, {{start date and age|2000}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Chass|first=Murray|title=BASEBALL; League Presidents Out As Baseball Centralizes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/16/sports/baseball-league-presidents-out-as-baseball-centralizes.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 16, 1999|access-date=January 7, 2022|archive-date=December 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206193642/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/16/sports/baseball-league-presidents-out-as-baseball-centralizes.html|url-status=live}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>| commissioner = [[Rob Manfred]]<ref name="manfred">{{cite news|title=Robert D. Manfred Jr., 10th Commissioner of Baseball, Elected: Jan. 25, 2015|url=https://www.mlb.com/official-information/commissioners/manfred|publisher=MLB Advanced Media|website=MLB.com|access-date=June 14, 2020|archive-date=March 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311004833/https://www.mlb.com/official-information/commissioners/manfred|url-status=live}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>| commissioner = [[Rob Manfred]]<ref name="manfred">{{cite news|title=Robert D. Manfred Jr., 10th Commissioner of Baseball, Elected: Jan. 25, 2015|url=https://www.mlb.com/official-information/commissioners/manfred|publisher=MLB Advanced Media|website=MLB.com|access-date=June 14, 2020|archive-date=March 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311004833/https://www.mlb.com/official-information/commissioners/manfred|url-status=live}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>| teams = 30<ref name="mlb">{{cite web|title=MLB Team Contact Information|url=https://www.mlb.com/team|publisher=MLB Advanced Media|website=[[MLB.com]]|access-date=October 10, 2018|archive-date=October 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011064523/https://www.mlb.com/team|url-status=live}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>| teams = 30<ref name="mlb">{{cite web|title=MLB Team Contact Information|url=https://www.mlb.com/team|publisher=MLB Advanced Media|website=[[MLB.com]]|access-date=October 10, 2018|archive-date=October 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011064523/https://www.mlb.com/team|url-status=live}}</ref></div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 02:54, 20 November 2024</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">North American professional baseball league</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"MLB" redirects here. For the hierarchy of professional baseball leagues affiliated with this league, see <a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor League Baseball</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/MLB_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="MLB (disambiguation)">MLB (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Major League Baseball</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><b>Most recent season or competition:</b><br /><i><a href="/wiki/2024_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2024 Major League Baseball season">2024 Major League Baseball season</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Major_League_Baseball_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Major_League_Baseball_logo.svg/225px-Major_League_Baseball_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Major_League_Baseball_logo.svg/338px-Major_League_Baseball_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Major_League_Baseball_logo.svg/450px-Major_League_Baseball_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="93" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Sport</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> (NL), 1876<span class="noprint">; 148 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1876</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a> (AL), 1901<span class="noprint">; 123 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1901</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />National Agreement signed, 1903<span class="noprint">; 121 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1903</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-MLBCommissioner_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MLBCommissioner-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Merged into one organization, 2000<span class="noprint">; 24 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2000</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Commissioner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rob_Manfred" title="Rob Manfred">Rob Manfred</a><sup id="cite_ref-manfred_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manfred-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">No. of teams</th><td class="infobox-data">30<sup id="cite_ref-mlb_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li>United States (29 teams)</li><li>Canada (1 team)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1271_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1271 Avenue of the Americas">1271 Avenue of the Americas</a><sup id="cite_ref-AboutMLB_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutMLB-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, New York 10020<br />U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Confederation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/WBSC_Americas" title="WBSC Americas">WBSC Americas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Most recent<br />champion(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a><br />(8th title)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Most titles</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a><br />(27 titles)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">TV partner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><b>United States:</b></li><li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_on_ABC" title="Major League Baseball on ABC">ABC</a><sup id="cite_ref-a_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/<a href="/wiki/ESPN_Major_League_Baseball" title="ESPN Major League Baseball">ESPN/ESPN2</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/MLB_on_Fox" title="MLB on Fox">Fox</a>/<a href="/wiki/MLB_on_FS1" title="MLB on FS1">FS1</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/MLB_on_TBS" title="MLB on TBS">TBS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Network" title="MLB Network">MLB Network</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><b>Canada:</b></li><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Blue_Jays_on_Sportsnet" title="Toronto Blue Jays on Sportsnet">Sportsnet</a>/<a href="/wiki/TVA_Sports" title="TVA Sports">TVA Sports</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_on_TSN" title="Major League Baseball on TSN">TSN</a>/<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_des_sports" title="Réseau des sports">RDS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Network_Showcase" title="MLB Network Showcase">MLB Network</a></li><li><b>International:</b></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Major_League_Baseball_broadcasters#International_broadcasters" title="List of current Major League Baseball broadcasters">See list</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Streaming partner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><b>United States:</b></li><li><a href="/wiki/ESPN_Major_League_Baseball" title="ESPN Major League Baseball">ESPN+</a><sup id="cite_ref-ESPN2021_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPN2021-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Friday_Night_Baseball" title="Friday Night Baseball">Apple TV+</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Apple_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/MLB_on_TBS" title="MLB on TBS">Max</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Sunday_Leadoff" title="MLB Sunday Leadoff">The Roku Channel</a><sup id="cite_ref-MLBSundayLeadoff2024_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MLBSundayLeadoff2024-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Roku_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roku-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><b>Canada:</b></li><li><a href="/wiki/Friday_Night_Baseball" title="Friday Night Baseball">Apple TV+</a><sup id="cite_ref-Apple_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Sunday_Leadoff" title="MLB Sunday Leadoff">The Roku Channel</a><sup id="cite_ref-MLBSundayLeadoff2024_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MLBSundayLeadoff2024-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Roku_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roku-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/">MLB.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Major League Baseball</b> (<b>MLB</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Professional_baseball" title="Professional baseball">professional baseball</a> league and the highest level of <a href="/wiki/Organized_baseball" title="Organized baseball">organized baseball</a> <a href="/wiki/Baseball_in_the_United_States" title="Baseball in the United States">in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baseball_in_Canada" title="Baseball in Canada">Canada</a>. One of the "Big Four" <a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada</a>, MLB comprises 30 teams, divided equally between the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> (NL) and the <a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a> (AL), with 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada. Formed in 1876 and 1901, respectively, the NL and AL cemented their cooperation with the National Agreement in 1903, making MLB the oldest major professional sports league in the world. They remained legally separate entities until 2000, when they merged into a single organization led by the <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_baseball" title="Commissioner of baseball">commissioner of baseball</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MLBCommissioner_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MLBCommissioner-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AboutMLB_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutMLB-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2000nl_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000nl-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MLB is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AboutMLB_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutMLB-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baseball's first all-professional team, the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Red_Stockings" title="Cincinnati Red Stockings">Cincinnati Red Stockings</a>, was founded in 1869. The first few decades of professional baseball saw rivalries between leagues, and players often jumped from one team or league to another. These practices were essentially ended by the National Agreement of 1903, in which AL and NL agreed to respect each other's player contracts, including the contentious <a href="/wiki/Reserve_clause" title="Reserve clause">reserve clause</a>. </p><p>The period before 1920 was the <a href="/wiki/Dead-ball_era" title="Dead-ball era">dead-ball era</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Home_run" title="Home run">home runs</a> were rarely hit. Professional baseball was rocked by the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sox_Scandal" title="Black Sox Scandal">Black Sox Scandal</a>, a conspiracy to <a href="/wiki/Match_fixing" title="Match fixing">fix</a> the <a href="/wiki/1919_World_Series" title="1919 World Series">1919 World Series</a>. Baseball survived the scandal, albeit with major changes in its governance as the relatively weak National Commission was replaced with a powerful commissioner of baseball with near-unlimited authority over the sport. </p><p>MLB rose in popularity in the decade following the Black Sox Scandal, and unlike major leagues in other sports it endured the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> without any of its teams folding. Shortly after the war, <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a> broke <a href="/wiki/Baseball_color_line" title="Baseball color line">baseball's color barrier</a>. </p><p>Some teams <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_relocations_of_1950s%E2%80%931960s" title="Major League Baseball relocations of 1950s–1960s">moved to different cities</a> in the 1950s and 1960s. The AL and NL added eight clubs in the 1960s: two in 1961, two in 1962, and four in 1969. Player discontent with established labor practices, especially the reserve clause, led to the organization of the <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_Players_Association" title="Major League Baseball Players Association">Major League Baseball Players Association</a> to <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargain" class="mw-redirect" title="Collective bargain">collectively bargain</a> with the owners, which in turn led to the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Free_agent" title="Free agent">free agency</a> in baseball. </p><p>Modern stadiums with <a href="/wiki/Artificial_turf" title="Artificial turf">artificial turf</a> surfaces began to change the game in the 1970s and 1980s. Home runs dominated the game during the 1990s. In the mid-2000s, media reports disclosed the use of <a href="/wiki/Anabolic_steroid" title="Anabolic steroid">anabolic steroids</a> among MLB players; a 2006–07 investigation produced the <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Report" title="Mitchell Report">Mitchell Report</a>, which found that many players had used steroids and other <a href="/wiki/Performance-enhancing_substance" title="Performance-enhancing substance">performance-enhancing substances</a>, including at least one player from each team. </p><p>Each team plays 162 games per season, with <a href="/wiki/Opening_Day" title="Opening Day">Opening Day</a> traditionally held during the first week of April. Six teams in each league then advance to a four-round <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_postseason" title="Major League Baseball postseason">postseason tournament</a> in October, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Best-of-seven" class="mw-redirect" title="Best-of-seven">best-of-seven</a> championship series between the two league champions first played in 1903. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> have the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Series_champions" title="List of World Series champions">most championships</a> with 27. The reigning champions are the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a>, who defeated the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2024_World_Series" title="2024 World Series">2024 World Series</a>. </p><p>MLB is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_professional_sports_leagues_by_revenue" title="List of professional sports leagues by revenue">third-wealthiest professional sports league by revenue</a> in the world after the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL) and the National Basketball Association (NBA).<sup id="cite_ref-urlReport:_MLB_revenue_for_2019_season_a_record_$10.7_billion_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlReport:_MLB_revenue_for_2019_season_a_record_$10.7_billion-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-url11_Most_Profitable_Sports_Leagues_-_Their_Value_Will_Surprise_You_-_Athletic_Panda_Sports_Editors_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-url11_Most_Profitable_Sports_Leagues_-_Their_Value_Will_Surprise_You_-_Athletic_Panda_Sports_Editors-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-urlwww.sap.com_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlwww.sap.com-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baseball games are broadcast on television, radio, and the internet throughout North America and in several other countries. MLB has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_attendance_figures_at_domestic_professional_sports_leagues" title="List of attendance figures at domestic professional sports leagues">highest total season attendance</a> of any sports league in the world; in 2023, it drew more than 70.75 million spectators.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MLB also oversees <a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor League Baseball</a>, which comprises lower-tier teams affiliated with the major league clubs, and the <a href="/wiki/MLB_Draft_League" title="MLB Draft League">MLB Draft League</a>, a hybrid amateur-professional showcase league. MLB and the <a href="/wiki/World_Baseball_Softball_Confederation" title="World Baseball Softball Confederation">World Baseball Softball Confederation</a> jointly manage the international <a href="/wiki/World_Baseball_Classic" title="World Baseball Classic">World Baseball Classic</a> tournament. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_baseball_in_the_United_States" title="History of baseball in the United States">History of baseball in the United States</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3></div> <p>In the 1860s, aided by soldiers playing the game in camp during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, "New York"-style baseball expanded into a national game and spawned baseball's first governing body, the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Base_Ball_Players" title="National Association of Base Ball Players">National Association of Base Ball Players</a> (NABBP). The NABBP existed as an amateur league for 12 years. By 1867, more than 400 clubs were members. Most of the strongest clubs remained those based in the Northeastern United States. For <a href="/wiki/Professional_baseball" title="Professional baseball">professional baseball</a>'s founding year, MLB uses the year 1869—when the first professional team, the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Red_Stockings" title="Cincinnati Red Stockings">Cincinnati Red Stockings</a>, was established.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A schism developed between professional and amateur ballplayers after the founding of the Cincinnati club. The NABBP split into an amateur organization and a professional organization. The <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Professional_Base_Ball_Players" title="National Association of Professional Base Ball Players">National Association of Professional Base Ball Players</a>, often known as the National Association (NA), was formed in 1871.<sup id="cite_ref-base_ball_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-base_ball-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its amateur counterpart disappeared after only a few years.<sup id="cite_ref-Rader_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rader-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs">Chicago Cubs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Braves" title="Atlanta Braves">Atlanta Braves</a> franchises trace their histories back to the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players in the 1870s.<sup id="cite_ref-Spatz_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spatz-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1876, the National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs (later known as the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> or NL) was established after the NA proved ineffective. The league placed its emphasis on clubs rather than on players. Clubs could now enforce player contracts, preventing players from jumping to higher-paying clubs. Clubs were required to play the full schedule of games instead of forfeiting scheduled games when the club was no longer in the running for the league championship, which happened frequently under the NA. A concerted effort was made to curb gambling on games, which was leaving the validity of results in doubt. The first game in the NL—on Saturday, April 22, 1876 (at <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Street_Grounds" title="Jefferson Street Grounds">Jefferson Street Grounds</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>)—is often pointed to as the beginning of MLB.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1896_Baltimore_Orioles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/1896_Baltimore_Orioles.jpg/220px-1896_Baltimore_Orioles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/1896_Baltimore_Orioles.jpg/330px-1896_Baltimore_Orioles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/1896_Baltimore_Orioles.jpg/440px-1896_Baltimore_Orioles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="643" /></a><figcaption>National League <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles_(19th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore Orioles (19th century)">Baltimore Orioles</a>, 1896</figcaption></figure> <p>The early years of the NL were tumultuous, with threats from rival leagues and a rebellion by players against the hated "reserve clause", which restricted the free movement of players between clubs. Teams came and went; 1882 was the first season where the league's membership was the same as the preceding season's, and only four franchises survived to see 1900. Competitor leagues formed regularly and also disbanded regularly. The most successful was the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_(19th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Association (19th century)">American Association</a> (1882–1891), sometimes called the "beer and whiskey league" for its tolerance of the sale of alcoholic beverages to spectators. For several years, the NL and American Association champions met in a postseason championship series—the first attempt at a <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a>. The two leagues merged in 1892 as a single 12-team NL, but the NL dropped four teams after the 1899 season. This led to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a> in 1901 under AL president <a href="/wiki/Ban_Johnson" title="Ban Johnson">Ban Johnson</a>, and the resulting bidding war for players led to widespread contract-breaking and legal disputes.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The war between the AL and NL caused shock waves throughout the baseball world. At a meeting at the Leland Hotel in Chicago in 1901, the other baseball leagues negotiated a plan to maintain their independence. A new National Association was formed to oversee these minor leagues.<sup id="cite_ref-hotel_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hotel-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1902, the NL, AL, and NA signed a new National Agreement which tied independent contracts to the reserve-clause contracts. The agreement also set up a formal classification system for minor leagues, the forerunner of today's system that was refined by <a href="/wiki/Branch_Rickey" title="Branch Rickey">Branch Rickey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nabpl_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nabpl-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_recognized_leagues">Other recognized leagues</h4></div> <p>Several other early defunct baseball leagues are considered major leagues, and their statistics and records are included with those of the two modern major leagues. In 1969, the Special Baseball Records Committee of Major League Baseball officially recognized six major leagues: the National League, American League, American Association, <a href="/wiki/Union_Association" title="Union Association">Union Association</a> (1884), <a href="/wiki/Players%27_League" title="Players' League">Players' League</a> (1890), and <a href="/wiki/Federal_League" title="Federal League">Federal League</a> (1914–1915).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The status of the National Association as a major league has been a point of dispute among baseball researchers; while its statistics are not recognized by Major League Baseball, its statistics <i>are</i> included with those of other major leagues by some baseball reference websites, such as <a href="/wiki/Retrosheet" title="Retrosheet">Retrosheet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some researchers, including <a href="/wiki/Nate_Silver" title="Nate Silver">Nate Silver</a>, dispute the major-league status of the Union Association by pointing out that franchises came and went and that the St. Louis club was deliberately "stacked"; the St. Louis club was owned by the league's president and it was the only club that was close to major-league caliber.<sup id="cite_ref-union_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-union-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2020, Major League Baseball announced its recognition of seven leagues within <a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro league baseball</a> as major leagues: the <a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931)" title="Negro National League (1920–1931)">first</a> and <a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1933%E2%80%931948)" title="Negro National League (1933–1948)">second Negro National Leagues</a> (1920–1931 and 1933–1948), the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Colored_League" title="Eastern Colored League">Eastern Colored League</a> (1923–1928), the <a href="/wiki/American_Negro_League" title="American Negro League">American Negro League</a> (1929), the <a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_League" title="East–West League">East–West League</a> (1932), the <a href="/wiki/Negro_Southern_League_(1920%E2%80%931936)" title="Negro Southern League (1920–1936)">Negro Southern League</a> (1932), and the <a href="/wiki/Negro_American_League" title="Negro American League">Negro American League</a> (1937–1948).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, baseball reference website <a href="/wiki/Baseball-Reference.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball-Reference.com">Baseball-Reference.com</a> began to include statistics from those seven leagues into their major-league statistics.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2024, Major League Baseball announced that it was "absorbing the available Negro Leagues numbers into the official historical record."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dead-ball_era">Dead-ball era</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dead-ball_era" title="Dead-ball era">Dead-ball era</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:T205_Cy_Young.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/T205_Cy_Young.jpg/170px-T205_Cy_Young.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/T205_Cy_Young.jpg/255px-T205_Cy_Young.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/T205_Cy_Young.jpg/340px-T205_Cy_Young.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1674" data-file-height="2964" /></a><figcaption>Cy Young, 1911 baseball card</figcaption></figure> <p>The period between 1900 and 1919 is commonly referred to as the "dead-ball era". Games of this era tended to be low-scoring and were often dominated by pitchers, such as <a href="/wiki/Walter_Johnson" title="Walter Johnson">Walter Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cy_Young" title="Cy Young">Cy Young</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christy_Mathewson" title="Christy Mathewson">Christy Mathewson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mordecai_Brown" title="Mordecai Brown">Mordecai Brown</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland_Alexander" title="Grover Cleveland Alexander">Grover Cleveland Alexander</a>. The term also accurately describes the condition of the baseball itself. The baseball used American rather than the modern Australian wool yarn and was not wound as tightly, affecting the distance that it would travel.<sup id="cite_ref-McNeil_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNeil-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More significantly, balls were kept in play until they were mangled, soft and sometimes lopsided. During this era, a baseball cost three dollars, equal to $52.72 today (in inflation-adjusted <a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">USD</a>), and owners were reluctant to purchase new balls. Fans were expected to throw back fouls and (rare) home runs. Baseballs also became stained with tobacco juice, grass, and mud, and sometimes the juice of licorice, which some players would chew for the purpose of discoloring the ball.<sup id="cite_ref-Keating_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keating-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also, pitchers could manipulate the ball through the use of the <a href="/wiki/Spitball" title="Spitball">spitball</a> (In 1921, use of this pitch was restricted to a few pitchers with a <a href="/wiki/Grandfather_clause" title="Grandfather clause">grandfather clause</a>). Additionally, many ballparks had large dimensions, such as the <a href="/wiki/West_Side_Grounds" class="mw-redirect" title="West Side Grounds">West Side Grounds</a> of the Chicago Cubs, which was 560 feet (170 m) to the center field fence, and the <a href="/wiki/Huntington_Avenue_Grounds" title="Huntington Avenue Grounds">Huntington Avenue Grounds</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a>, which was 635 feet (194 m) to the center field fence, thus home runs were rare, and "small ball" tactics such as <a href="/wiki/Single_(baseball)" title="Single (baseball)">singles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunt_(baseball)" title="Bunt (baseball)">bunts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stolen_base" title="Stolen base">stolen bases</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Hit_and_run_(baseball)" title="Hit and run (baseball)">hit-and-run</a> play dominated the strategies of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hitting methods like the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_chop" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore chop">Baltimore chop</a> were used to increase the number of infield singles.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On a successful Baltimore chop, the batter hits the ball forcefully into the ground, causing it to bounce so high that the batter reaches first base before the ball can be fielded and thrown to the first baseman.<sup id="cite_ref-Lieb_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lieb-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The adoption of the foul strike rule—in the NL in 1901, in the AL two years later—quickly sent baseball from a high-scoring game to one where scoring runs became a struggle. Before this rule, foul balls were not counted as strikes: a batter could foul off any number of pitches with no strikes counted against him; this gave an enormous advantage to the batter.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/1919_World_Series" title="1919 World Series">1919 World Series</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_White_Sox" title="Chicago White Sox">Chicago White Sox</a> and Cincinnati Reds, baseball was rocked by allegations of a <a href="/wiki/Game_fixing" class="mw-redirect" title="Game fixing">game-fixing</a> scheme known as the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sox_Scandal" title="Black Sox Scandal">Black Sox Scandal</a>. Eight players—<a href="/wiki/Shoeless_Joe_Jackson" title="Shoeless Joe Jackson">"Shoeless" Joe Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cicotte" title="Eddie Cicotte">Eddie Cicotte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lefty_Williams" title="Lefty Williams">Claude "Lefty" Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buck_Weaver" title="Buck Weaver">George "Buck" Weaver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arnold_%22Chick%22_Gandil" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold "Chick" Gandil">Arnold "Chick" Gandil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_McMullin" title="Fred McMullin">Fred McMullin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swede_Risberg" title="Swede Risberg">Charles "Swede" Risberg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oscar_%22Happy%22_Felsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscar "Happy" Felsch">Oscar "Happy" Felsch</a>—intentionally lost the World Series in exchange for a ring worth $100,000 ($1,712,780.35 in 2022 dollars).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite being acquitted, all were permanently banned from Major League Baseball.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rise_in_popularity">Rise in popularity</h3></div> <p>Baseball's popularity increased in the 1920s and 1930s. The 1920 season was notable for the death of <a href="/wiki/Ray_Chapman" title="Ray Chapman">Ray Chapman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland Indians">Cleveland Indians</a>. Chapman, who was struck in the head by a pitch and died a few hours later, became the only MLB player to die of an on-field injury.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both leagues quickly began to require the use of new, white baseballs whenever a ball became scuffed or dirty, helping bring the "dead-ball" era to an end. </p><p>The following year, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> made their first World Series appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-Plaque_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plaque-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the 1930s, the team had appeared in 11 World Series, winning eight of them.<sup id="cite_ref-BR_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yankees slugger <a href="/wiki/Babe_Ruth" title="Babe Ruth">Babe Ruth</a> had set the single-season home run record in 1927, hitting 60 home runs; breaking his own record of 29 home runs.<sup id="cite_ref-Swat_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swat-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Afflicted by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, baseball's popularity had begun a downward turn in the early 1930s. By 1932, only two MLB teams turned a profit. Attendance had fallen, due at least in part to a 10% federal amusement tax added to baseball ticket prices. Baseball owners cut their <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_rosters" title="Major League Baseball rosters">rosters</a> from 25 men to 23, and even the best players took pay cuts. Team executives were innovative in their attempts to survive, creating night games, broadcasting games live by radio, and rolling out promotions such as free admission for women. Throughout the Great Depression, no MLB teams moved or folded.<sup id="cite_ref-Belson_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belson-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II_era">World War II era</h3></div> <p>The onset of World War II created a shortage of professional baseball players, as more than 500 men left MLB teams to serve in the military. Many of them played on service baseball teams that entertained military personnel in the US or in the Pacific. MLB teams of this time largely consisted of young men, older players, and those with a military classification of <a href="/wiki/4F_(military_conscription)" class="mw-redirect" title="4F (military conscription)">4F</a>, indicating mental, physical, or moral unsuitability for service. Men like <a href="/wiki/Pete_Gray" title="Pete Gray">Pete Gray</a>, a one-armed outfielder, got the chance to advance to the major leagues. However, MLB rosters did not include any black players through the end of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-War_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-War-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Black players, many of whom served in the war, were still restricted to playing <a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro league baseball</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Martin_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martin-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Blackout_(wartime)" title="Blackout (wartime)">Wartime blackout restrictions</a>, designed to keep outdoor lighting at low levels, caused another problem for baseball. These rules limited traveling and night games to the point that the 1942 season was nearly canceled.<sup id="cite_ref-Martin_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martin-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 14, 1942, MLB Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Kenesaw_Mountain_Landis" title="Kenesaw Mountain Landis">Kenesaw Mountain Landis</a> wrote to U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, pleading for the continuation of baseball during the war. Roosevelt responded, "I honestly feel that it would be best for the country to keep baseball going. There will be fewer people unemployed and everybody will work longer hours and harder than ever before. And that means that they ought to have a chance for recreation and for taking their minds off their work even more than before."<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the approval of President Roosevelt, spring training began in 1942 with few repercussions. The war interrupted the careers of stars including <a href="/wiki/Stan_Musial" title="Stan Musial">Stan Musial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Feller" title="Bob Feller">Bob Feller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ted_Williams" title="Ted Williams">Ted Williams</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joe_DiMaggio" title="Joe DiMaggio">Joe DiMaggio</a>, but baseball clubs continued to field their teams.<sup id="cite_ref-Weintraub_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weintraub-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breaking_the_color_barrier">Breaking the color barrier</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Baseball_color_line" title="Baseball color line">Baseball color line</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jackie_Robinson_No5_comic_book_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Jackie_Robinson_No5_comic_book_cover.jpg/170px-Jackie_Robinson_No5_comic_book_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Jackie_Robinson_No5_comic_book_cover.jpg/255px-Jackie_Robinson_No5_comic_book_cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Jackie_Robinson_No5_comic_book_cover.jpg/340px-Jackie_Robinson_No5_comic_book_cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a></i> comic book, 1951</figcaption></figure> <p>Branch Rickey, president and general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, began making efforts to introduce a black baseball player to the previously all-white professional baseball leagues in the mid-1940s. He selected <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a> from a list of promising Negro league players. After obtaining a commitment from Robinson to "turn the other cheek" to any racial antagonism directed at him, Rickey agreed to sign him to a contract for $600 a month. In what was later referred to as "The Noble Experiment", Robinson was the first black baseball player in the International League since the 1880s, joining the Dodgers' farm club, the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Royals" title="Montreal Royals">Montreal Royals</a>, for the 1946 season.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following year, the Dodgers called up Robinson to the major leagues. On April 15, 1947, Robinson made his major league debut at Ebbets Field before a crowd of 26,623 spectators, including more than 14,000 black patrons. Black baseball fans began flocking to see the Dodgers when they came to town, abandoning the Negro league teams that they had followed exclusively. Robinson's promotion met a generally positive, although mixed, reception among newspaper writers and white major league players. Manager <a href="/wiki/Leo_Durocher" title="Leo Durocher">Leo Durocher</a> informed his team, "I don't care if he is yellow or black or has stripes like a fucking zebra. I'm his manager and I say he plays."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a strike threat by some players, NL President <a href="/wiki/Ford_C._Frick" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford C. Frick">Ford C. Frick</a> and Baseball Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Happy_Chandler" title="Happy Chandler">Happy Chandler</a> let it be known that any striking players would be suspended. Robinson received significant encouragement from several major-league players, including Dodgers teammate <a href="/wiki/Pee_Wee_Reese" title="Pee Wee Reese">Pee Wee Reese</a> who said, "You can hate a man for many reasons. Color is not one of them."<sup id="cite_ref-Newman_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newman-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, Robinson won the inaugural <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_Rookie_of_the_Year_Award" title="Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award">Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award</a> (separate NL and AL Rookie of the Year honors were not awarded until 1949).<sup id="cite_ref-ROY_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ROY-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Less than three months later, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Doby" title="Larry Doby">Larry Doby</a> became the first African-American to break the color barrier in the American League with the Cleveland Indians.<sup id="cite_ref-Doby_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doby-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next year, a number of other black players entered the major leagues. <a href="/wiki/Satchel_Paige" title="Satchel Paige">Satchel Paige</a> was signed by the Indians and the Dodgers added star catcher <a href="/wiki/Roy_Campanella" title="Roy Campanella">Roy Campanella</a> and <a href="/wiki/Don_Newcombe" title="Don Newcombe">Don Newcombe</a>, who was later the first winner of the <a href="/wiki/Cy_Young_Award" title="Cy Young Award">Cy Young Award</a> for his outstanding pitching.<sup id="cite_ref-Finkelman_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finkelman-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women_in_baseball">Women in baseball</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Women_in_baseball" title="Women in baseball">Women in baseball</a></div> <p>MLB banned the signing of women to contracts in 1952, but that ban was lifted in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been no female MLB players. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relocation_and_expansion">Relocation and expansion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_relocations_of_1950s%E2%80%931960s" title="Major League Baseball relocations of 1950s–1960s">Major League Baseball relocations of 1950s–1960s</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LA_Coliseum_1959_World_Series.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/LA_Coliseum_1959_World_Series.jpg/250px-LA_Coliseum_1959_World_Series.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/LA_Coliseum_1959_World_Series.jpg/375px-LA_Coliseum_1959_World_Series.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/LA_Coliseum_1959_World_Series.jpg/500px-LA_Coliseum_1959_World_Series.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3333" data-file-height="2328" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/1959_World_Series" title="1959 World Series">1959 World Series</a> action at the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum" title="Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum">Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>From 1903 to 1952, the major leagues consisted of two eight-team leagues<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose 16 teams were located in ten cities, all in the northeastern and midwestern United States: New York City had three teams and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, Chicago, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> each had two teams. St. Louis was the southernmost and westernmost city with a major league team. The longest possible road trip, from Boston to St. Louis, took about 24 hours by railroad. After a half-century of stability, starting in the 1950s, teams began to move out of cities with multiple teams into cities that had not had them before. From 1953 to 1955, three teams moved to new cities: the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Braves" title="Boston Braves">Boston Braves</a> became the <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Braves" title="Milwaukee Braves">Milwaukee Braves</a>, the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Browns" title="St. Louis Browns">St. Louis Browns</a> became the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles" title="Baltimore Orioles">Baltimore Orioles</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Athletics" title="Philadelphia Athletics">Philadelphia Athletics</a> became the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Athletics" title="Kansas City Athletics">Kansas City Athletics</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1958_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1958 Major League Baseball season">1958 Major League Baseball season</a> began to turn Major League Baseball into a nationwide league. <a href="/wiki/Walter_O%27Malley" title="Walter O'Malley">Walter O'Malley</a>, owner of the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Dodgers" title="Brooklyn Dodgers">Brooklyn Dodgers</a> and "perhaps the most influential owner of baseball's early expansion era,"<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> moved his team to Los Angeles, marking the first major league franchise on the West Coast.<sup id="cite_ref-FYOL_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FYOL-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O'Malley also helped persuade the rival <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_New_York_Giants_(NL)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the New York Giants (NL)">New York Giants</a> to move west to become the San Francisco Giants. Giants owner <a href="/wiki/Horace_Stoneham" title="Horace Stoneham">Horace Stoneham</a> had been contemplating a move to <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> amid slumping attendance at the aging <a href="/wiki/Polo_Grounds" title="Polo Grounds">Polo Grounds</a> ballpark<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when O'Malley invited him to meet <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco Mayor">San Francisco Mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Christopher_(mayor)" title="George Christopher (mayor)">George Christopher</a> in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-WiW_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WiW-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Stoneham was persuaded to move to California, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine put O'Malley on its cover.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MLB Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Ford_C._Frick" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford C. Frick">Ford C. Frick</a> had opposed the meeting,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the dual moves proved successful for both franchises—and for MLB.<sup id="cite_ref-FYOL_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FYOL-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Had the Dodgers moved out west alone, the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a>—1,600 mi (2,575 km) away<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—would have been the closest NL team. Instead, the joint move made West Coast road trips economical for visiting teams.<sup id="cite_ref-WiW_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WiW-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dodgers set a single-game MLB attendance record in their first home appearance with 78,672 fans.<sup id="cite_ref-WiW_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WiW-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1961, the first <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Washington_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Washington Senators">Washington Senators</a> franchise moved to <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis%E2%80%93St._Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Minneapolis–St. Paul">Minneapolis–St. Paul</a> to become the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Twins" title="Minnesota Twins">Minnesota Twins</a>. Two new teams were added to the American League at the same time: the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels" title="Los Angeles Angels">Los Angeles Angels</a> (who soon moved from downtown L.A. to nearby <a href="/wiki/Anaheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaheim">Anaheim</a>) and a new <a href="/wiki/Washington_Senators_(1961%E2%80%931971)" title="Washington Senators (1961–1971)">Washington Senators</a> franchise. The NL added the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros">Houston Astros</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a> in 1962. The Astros (known as the "Colt .45s" during their first three seasons) became the first southern major league franchise since the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Colonels" title="Louisville Colonels">Louisville Colonels</a> folded in 1899 and the first franchise to be located along the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf Coast">Gulf Coast</a>. The Mets established a reputation for futility by going 40–120 during their first season of play in the nation's media capital—and by playing only a little better in subsequent campaigns—but in their eighth season (1969) the Mets became the first of the 1960s expansion teams to play in the postseason, culminating in a World Series title over the heavily favored Baltimore Orioles. </p><p>In 1966, the major leagues moved to the "Deep South" when the Braves moved to Atlanta. In 1968, the Kansas City Athletics moved west to become the <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics" title="Oakland Athletics">Oakland Athletics</a>. In 1969, the American and National Leagues both <a href="/wiki/1969_Major_League_Baseball_expansion" title="1969 Major League Baseball expansion">added two expansion franchises</a>. The American League added the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Pilots" title="Seattle Pilots">Seattle Pilots</a> (who became the <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers" title="Milwaukee Brewers">Milwaukee Brewers</a> after one disastrous season in Seattle) and the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals" title="Kansas City Royals">Kansas City Royals</a>. The NL added the first Canadian franchise, the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Expos" title="Montreal Expos">Montreal Expos</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Padres" title="San Diego Padres">San Diego Padres</a>. </p><p>In 1972, the second Washington Senators moved to the <a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex</a> to become the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Rangers_(baseball)" title="Texas Rangers (baseball)">Texas Rangers</a>. In 1977, baseball <a href="/wiki/1977_Major_League_Baseball_expansion" title="1977 Major League Baseball expansion">expanded again</a>, adding a second Canadian team, the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Blue_Jays" title="Toronto Blue Jays">Toronto Blue Jays</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Mariners" title="Seattle Mariners">Seattle Mariners</a>. Subsequently, no new teams were added until the 1990s and no teams moved until 2005. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pitching_dominance_and_rule_changes">Pitching dominance and rule changes</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MLB_runs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/MLB_runs.png/300px-MLB_runs.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/MLB_runs.png/450px-MLB_runs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/MLB_runs.png/600px-MLB_runs.png 2x" data-file-width="746" data-file-height="409" /></a><figcaption>Graph showing, by year, the average number of runs per MLB game</figcaption></figure> <p>By the late 1960s, the balance between pitching and hitting had swung in favor of the pitchers. In 1968—later nicknamed "the year of the pitcher"<sup id="cite_ref-yearofthepitcher_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yearofthepitcher-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—Boston Red Sox player <a href="/wiki/Carl_Yastrzemski" title="Carl Yastrzemski">Carl Yastrzemski</a> won the American League batting title with an average of just .301, the lowest in the history of Major League Baseball.<sup id="cite_ref-yaz_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yaz-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Tigers" title="Detroit Tigers">Detroit Tigers</a> pitcher <a href="/wiki/Denny_McLain" title="Denny McLain">Denny McLain</a> won 31 games, making him the only pitcher to win 30 games in a season since <a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Dean" title="Dizzy Dean">Dizzy Dean</a> in 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-denny_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-denny-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> St. Louis Cardinals starting pitcher <a href="/wiki/Bob_Gibson" title="Bob Gibson">Bob Gibson</a> achieved an equally remarkable feat by allowing an <a href="/wiki/Earned_run_average" title="Earned run average">ERA</a> of just 1.12.<sup id="cite_ref-gibson_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibson-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following these pitching performances, in December 1968 the MLB Playing Rules Committee voted to reduce the strike zone from knees to shoulders to top of knees to armpits and lower the pitcher's mound from 15 to 10 inches, beginning in the 1969 season.<sup id="cite_ref-mound_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mound-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973, the American League, which had been suffering from much lower attendance than the National League, sought to increase scoring even further by initiating the <a href="/wiki/Designated_hitter" title="Designated hitter">designated hitter</a> (DH) rule.<sup id="cite_ref-dh_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dh-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_stadiums_and_artificial_surfaces">New stadiums and artificial surfaces</h3></div> <p>Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, as baseball expanded, <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> football had been surging in popularity, making it economical for many of these cities to build <a href="/wiki/Multi-purpose_stadium" title="Multi-purpose stadium">multi-purpose stadiums</a> instead of single-purpose baseball fields. Because of climate and economic issues, many of these facilities had playing surfaces made from <a href="/wiki/Artificial_turf" title="Artificial turf">artificial turf</a>, as well as the oval designs characteristic of stadiums designed to house both baseball and football.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This often resulted in baseball fields with relatively more <a href="/wiki/Foul_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Foul territory">foul territory</a> than older stadiums. These characteristics changed the nature of professional baseball, putting a higher premium on speed and defense over home-run hitting power since the fields were often too big for teams to expect to hit many home runs and foul balls hit in the air could more easily be caught for outs.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Teams began to be built around pitching—particularly their bullpens—and speed on the basepaths. Artificial surfaces meant balls traveled quicker and bounced higher, so it became easier to hit <a href="/wiki/Ground_ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground ball">ground balls</a> "<a href="/wiki/In_the_hole" class="mw-redirect" title="In the hole">in the hole</a>" between the corner and middle infielders. Starting pitchers were no longer expected to throw <a href="/wiki/Complete_game" title="Complete game">complete games</a>; it was enough for a starter to pitch 6–7 innings and turn the game over to the team's <a href="/wiki/Closer_(baseball)" title="Closer (baseball)">closer</a>, a position which grew in importance over these decades. As stolen bases increased, home run totals dropped. After <a href="/wiki/Willie_Mays" title="Willie Mays">Willie Mays</a> hit 52 home runs in 1965, only one player (<a href="/wiki/George_Foster_(baseball)" title="George Foster (baseball)">George Foster</a>) reached that mark until the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scandals_and_a_changing_game">Scandals and a changing game</h3></div> <p>During the 1980s, baseball experienced a number of significant changes the game had not seen in years. Home runs were on the decline throughout the decade, with players hitting 40 home runs just 13 times and no one hitting more than 50 home runs in a season for the first time since the Dead-ball era (1900–1919).<sup id="cite_ref-parade_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parade-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SABR80s_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SABR80s-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1981_Major_League_Baseball_strike" title="1981 Major League Baseball strike">1981 Major League Baseball strike</a> from June 12 until July 31 forced the cancellation of 713 total games and resulted in a split-season format. </p><p>In 1985, <a href="/wiki/Pete_Rose" title="Pete Rose">Pete Rose</a> broke <a href="/wiki/Ty_Cobb" title="Ty Cobb">Ty Cobb</a>'s all-time hits record with his 4,192nd hit, and in 1989 Rose received a lifetime ban from baseball as a result of betting on baseball games while manager of the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds" title="Cincinnati Reds">Cincinnati Reds</a>. Rose was the first person to receive a lifetime ban from baseball since 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-parade_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parade-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1985 also saw the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_drug_trials" title="Pittsburgh drug trials">Pittsburgh drug trials</a> which involved players who were called to testify before a grand jury in Pittsburgh related to cocaine trafficking. </p><p>The 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike from August 12, 1994, to April 25, 1995, caused the cancellation of over 900 games and the forfeit of the entire 1994 postseason.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Steroid_era,_further_expansion_and_near_contraction"><span id="Steroid_era.2C_further_expansion_and_near_contraction"></span>Steroid era, further expansion and near contraction</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_mcgwire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Mark_mcgwire.jpg/220px-Mark_mcgwire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Mark_mcgwire.jpg/330px-Mark_mcgwire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Mark_mcgwire.jpg/440px-Mark_mcgwire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2730" data-file-height="1820" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mark_McGwire" title="Mark McGwire">Mark McGwire</a> was one of several central figures in baseball's steroids scandal</figcaption></figure> <p>Routinely in the late 1990s and early 2000s, baseball players hit 40 or 50 home runs in a season, a feat that was considered rare even in the 1980s. It later became apparent that at least some of this power surge was a result of players using <a href="/wiki/Doping_in_baseball" title="Doping in baseball">steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs</a>. </p><p>In 1993, the National League added the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Marlins" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Marlins">Florida Marlins</a> in <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Rockies" title="Colorado Rockies">Colorado Rockies</a> in <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>. In 1998, the Brewers switched leagues by joining the National League, and two new teams were added: the National League's <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Diamondbacks" title="Arizona Diamondbacks">Arizona Diamondbacks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a> and the American League's <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Devil_Rays" class="mw-redirect" title="Tampa Bay Devil Rays">Tampa Bay Devil Rays</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_area" title="Tampa Bay area">Tampa Bay</a>. </p><p>After the 2001 season, the team owners <a href="/wiki/2001_Major_League_Baseball_contraction_plan" title="2001 Major League Baseball contraction plan">voted in favor of contraction</a>. Several MLB teams had been considered for elimination in early talks about contraction, but the Montreal Expos and the Minnesota Twins were the two teams that came closest to folding under the plan. Plans for MLB contraction were halted when the Twins landlord was awarded a court injunction that required the team to play its 2002 home games at their stadium. MLB owners agreed to hold off on reducing the league's size until at least 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-Plans_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plans-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Montreal Expos became the first franchise in over three decades to move when they became the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals" title="Washington Nationals">Washington Nationals</a> in 2005. This move left Canada with just one team, but it also returned baseball to Washington after a 33-year absence. This franchise shift, like many previous ones, involved baseball's return to a city that had been previously abandoned. Not counting the short-lived Federal League, Montreal is the only city to host an MLB franchise since 1901 that, as of December 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Major_League_Baseball&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, does not have a team. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_modern_game">The modern game</h3></div> <p>In recent years, with the advent of technologies such as <a href="/wiki/Statcast" title="Statcast">Statcast</a> and its use of <a href="/wiki/Hawk-Eye" title="Hawk-Eye">Hawk-Eye</a> starting in 2020<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as with advanced statistics as provided by sites such as <a href="/wiki/FanGraphs" title="FanGraphs">FanGraphs</a> and Baseball Savant, MLB has evolved. With the ability to see precise movements of pitchers and batters, teams can assess the mechanics of a player and help them improve. Statcast also provides some features such as tracking the paths of most batted balls, tracking the speed of most batted balls, and tracking the <a href="/wiki/Exit_velocity" title="Exit velocity">exit velocity</a> of most batted balls. Statcast has allowed for advanced defensive analytics that have not been possible before tracking of players due to how subjective fielding can be. </p><p>The rate of teams using a <a href="/wiki/Defensive_shift" class="mw-redirect" title="Defensive shift">defensive shift</a> has gone up from 13.7% in 2016 to 33.6% in 2022 because advanced statistics support this as an effective way to stop hitters from getting hits.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because the shift reduces the number of balls in play that result in hits and MLB wishes to increase interest in baseball, MLB announced in September 2022 that extreme infield defensive shifts would be banned starting in 2023. In order to be compliant, there must be two fielders on each side of second base, and those fielders must have both of their feet on the infield dirt at the time the pitch is thrown. If this rule is not followed, the choice of an automatic ball or the outcome of the play is given to the batting team.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The game of baseball has also slowed down significantly due to an increased number of strikeouts and walks—two outcomes that generally take many pitches to complete—and an increased amount of time taken for a pitcher to pitch. In 2020, it took an average of three hours and six minutes to complete a 9 inning game, a number which has steadily ticked up for years.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with the restrictions on defensive shifts, MLB announced the introduction of a <a href="/wiki/Pitch_clock#Major_League_Baseball" title="Pitch clock">pitch clock</a> for the 2023 season and beyond, which is something that has been an experiment in MiLB for a few years. The pitch clock starts at 15 seconds. By the time the clock reaches 10 seconds, the catcher must be in their crouch behind home plate. When the clock reaches 8 seconds, the batter must be in the batter's box and be "alert". Before the 15 second timer reaches 0 seconds, the pitcher must have started their "motion to pitch". If any of these deadlines are violated, the count of the batter will be increased by one ball if the defending team violated the pitch clock or one strike if it is the offensive team who violated the pitch clock. Additionally, in order to prevent circumventing these rules pickoffs and step-offs which reset the pitch clock are only allowed two times total per plate appearance and, if a pitcher attempts a third pickoff and fails to get the runner out, a balk will be called. Similarly, a batter is restricted to calling a timeout (an action which resets the pitch clock) just once per plate appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, Major League Baseball opened an investigation into allegations that members of the <a href="/wiki/2017_World_Series" title="2017 World Series">2017 World Series</a> champion <a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros">Houston Astros</a> <a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros_sign_stealing_scandal" title="Houston Astros sign stealing scandal">stole signs</a> from opposing teams using technology during the 2017 and <a href="/wiki/2018_Houston_Astros_season" title="2018 Houston Astros season">2018 seasons</a>. The Astros were found guilty in January 2020 and while no active players faced any repercussions due to an immunity agreement in exchange for testimony, Astros <a href="/wiki/General_manager_(baseball)" title="General manager (baseball)">general manager</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Luhnow" title="Jeff Luhnow">Jeff Luhnow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Field_manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Field manager">field manager</a> <a href="/wiki/A._J._Hinch" title="A. J. Hinch">A. J. Hinch</a> were suspended for the entire 2020 season. The Astros were fined the maximum allowable $5 million and forfeited their first- and second-round picks in the 2020 and 2021 drafts.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj12220_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj12220-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a> were also found guilty of stealing signs during the 2017 and 2018 seasons, with the latter season ending in a World Series victory.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Red Sox manager Alex Cora was suspended for a year and the team was fined with the loss of a second round draft pick in the 2020 draft as a result.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st-century_relocation_and_potential_expansion">21st-century relocation and potential expansion</h3></div> <p>In November 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics_relocation_to_Las_Vegas" title="Oakland Athletics relocation to Las Vegas">Oakland Athletics relocation to Las Vegas</a> was approved by MLB owners.<sup id="cite_ref-FeinsandAs_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FeinsandAs-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of early 2024, MLB has discussed preparations for another round of expansion, and several investment groups are vying for an MLB franchise. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Potential_Major_League_Baseball_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Potential Major League Baseball expansion">Potential Major League Baseball expansion</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teams">Teams</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Major_League_Baseball" title="Timeline of Major League Baseball">Timeline of Major League Baseball</a></div> <div role="img" class="floatleft noresize" style="width: 500px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Major_League_Baseball_team_locations.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Major_League_Baseball_team_locations.svg/500px-Major_League_Baseball_team_locations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Major_League_Baseball_team_locations.svg/750px-Major_League_Baseball_team_locations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Major_League_Baseball_team_locations.svg/1000px-Major_League_Baseball_team_locations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="836" data-file-height="595" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:367px; top:215px"><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Braves" title="Atlanta Braves">Braves</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:414px; top:282px"><a href="/wiki/Miami_Marlins" title="Miami Marlins">Marlins</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:458px; top:107px"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">Mets</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:448px; top:119px"><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Phillies</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:407px; top:143px"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals" title="Washington Nationals">Nationals</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:299px; top:115px"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs">Cubs</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:360px; top:138px"><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds" title="Cincinnati Reds">Reds</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:292px; top:96px"><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers" title="Milwaukee Brewers">Brewers</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:396px; top:115px"><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates" title="Pittsburgh Pirates">Pirates</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:289px; top:167px"><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">Cardinals</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:74px; top:198px"><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Diamondbacks" title="Arizona Diamondbacks">Diamondbacks</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:154px; top:153px"><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Rockies" title="Colorado Rockies">Rockies</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:8px; top:179px"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Dodgers</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:12px; top:205px"><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Padres" title="San Diego Padres">Padres</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:2px; top:144px"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants" title="San Francisco Giants">Giants</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:437px; top:130px"><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles" title="Baltimore Orioles">Orioles</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:454px; top:73px"><a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Red Sox</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:417px; top:96px"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">Yankees</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:387px; top:261px"><a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Rays" title="Tampa Bay Rays">Rays</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:373px; top:77px"><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Blue_Jays" title="Toronto Blue Jays">Blue Jays</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:288px; top:126px"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_White_Sox" title="Chicago White Sox">White Sox</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:341px; top:120px"><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Guardians" title="Cleveland Guardians">Guardians</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:342px; top:98px"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Tigers" title="Detroit Tigers">Tigers</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:233px; top:157px"><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals" title="Kansas City Royals">Royals</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:256px; top:77px"><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Twins" title="Minnesota Twins">Twins</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:232px; top:267px"><a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros">Astros</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:55px; top:187px"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels" title="Los Angeles Angels">Angels</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:12px; top:119px"><a href="/wiki/Athletics_(baseball)" title="Athletics (baseball)">Athletics</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:43px; top:33px"><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Mariners" title="Seattle Mariners">Mariners</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:223px; top:217px"><a href="/wiki/Texas_Rangers_(baseball)" title="Texas Rangers (baseball)">Rangers</a></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>Map all coordinates using</b> <a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/osm4wiki/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=en&article=Major_League_Baseball">OpenStreetMap</a> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="show links" data-collapsetext="Hide"> <p><b>Download coordinates as:</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/kmlexport?article=Major_League_Baseball">KML</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=all&titles=Major_League_Baseball">GPX (all coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=primary&titles=Major_League_Baseball">GPX (primary coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=secondary&titles=Major_League_Baseball">GPX (secondary coordinates)</a></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p><i>An asterisk (*) denotes a relocation of a franchise. See respective team articles for more information.</i> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Overview of MLB teams </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">League </th> <th scope="col">Division </th> <th scope="col">Team </th> <th scope="col">City </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Major_League_Baseball_stadiums" title="List of current Major League Baseball stadiums">Stadium</a> </th> <th scope="col">Capacity </th> <th scope="col">Coordinates </th> <th scope="col">Founded </th> <th scope="col">Joined </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="15" style="background-color: #CC0000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;"><b><a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">American League</span></a></b> </td> <th rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/American_League_East" title="American League East">East</a> </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles" title="Baltimore Orioles">Baltimore Orioles</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore, Maryland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oriole_Park_at_Camden_Yards" title="Oriole Park at Camden Yards">Oriole Park at Camden Yards</a> </td> <td align="center">44,970 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=39_17_2_N_76_37_18_W_type:landmark&title=Baltimore+Orioles"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°17′2″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°37′18″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.28389°N 76.62167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.28389; -76.62167</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Baltimore Orioles</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1901* </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fenway_Park" title="Fenway Park">Fenway Park</a> </td> <td align="center">37,755 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=42_20_47_N_71_5_51_W_type:landmark&title=Boston+Red+Sox"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°20′47″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°5′51″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.34639°N 71.09750°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.34639; -71.09750</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Boston Red Sox</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1901 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York, New York">New York, New York</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Stadium" title="Yankee Stadium">Yankee Stadium</a> </td> <td align="center">46,537 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=40_49_45_N_73_55_35_W_type:landmark&title=New+York+Yankees"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°49′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°55′35″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.82917°N 73.92639°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.82917; -73.92639</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">New York Yankees</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1903 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Rays" title="Tampa Bay Rays">Tampa Bay Rays</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a><sup id="cite_ref-b_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>B<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_M._Steinbrenner_Field" title="George M. Steinbrenner Field">George M. Steinbrenner Field</a><sup id="cite_ref-b_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>B<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">11,026 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=27_58_49_N_82_30_24_W_type:landmark&title=Tampa+Bay+Rays"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°58′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">82°30′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.98028°N 82.50667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">27.98028; -82.50667</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Tampa Bay Rays</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1998 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Blue_Jays" title="Toronto Blue Jays">Toronto Blue Jays</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Toronto,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto, Ontario">Toronto, Ontario</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Centre" title="Rogers Centre">Rogers Centre</a> </td> <td align="center">39,150 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=43_38_29_N_79_23_21_W_type:landmark&title=Toronto+Blue+Jays"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°38′29″N</span> <span class="longitude">79°23′21″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.64139°N 79.38917°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.64139; -79.38917</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Toronto Blue Jays</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1977 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/American_League_Central" title="American League Central">Central</a> </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_White_Sox" title="Chicago White Sox">Chicago White Sox</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guaranteed_Rate_Field" title="Guaranteed Rate Field">Guaranteed Rate Field</a> </td> <td align="center">40,615 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=41_49_48_N_87_38_2_W_type:landmark&title=Chicago+White+Sox"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°49′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">87°38′2″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.83000°N 87.63389°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.83000; -87.63389</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Chicago White Sox</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1901 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Guardians" title="Cleveland Guardians">Cleveland Guardians</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Field" title="Progressive Field">Progressive Field</a> </td> <td align="center">34,830 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=41_29_45_N_81_41_7_W_type:landmark&title=Cleveland+Indians"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°29′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">81°41′7″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.49583°N 81.68528°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.49583; -81.68528</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Cleveland Indians</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1901 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Tigers" title="Detroit Tigers">Detroit Tigers</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit, Michigan">Detroit, Michigan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Comerica_Park" title="Comerica Park">Comerica Park</a> </td> <td align="center">41,083 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=42_20_21_N_83_2_55_W_type:landmark&title=Detroit+Tigers"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°20′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°2′55″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.33917°N 83.04861°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.33917; -83.04861</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Detroit Tigers</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1901 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals" title="Kansas City Royals">Kansas City Royals</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kauffman_Stadium" title="Kauffman Stadium">Kauffman Stadium</a> </td> <td align="center">37,903 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=39_3_5_N_94_28_50_W_type:landmark&title=Kansas+City+Royals"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°3′5″N</span> <span class="longitude">94°28′50″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.05139°N 94.48056°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.05139; -94.48056</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Kansas City Royals</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1969 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Twins" title="Minnesota Twins">Minnesota Twins</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Minneapolis, Minnesota">Minneapolis, Minnesota</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Target_Field" title="Target Field">Target Field</a> </td> <td align="center">38,554 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=44_58_54_N_93_16_42_W_type:landmark&title=Minnesota+Twins"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°58′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">93°16′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.98167°N 93.27833°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.98167; -93.27833</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Minnesota Twins</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1901* </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/American_League_West" title="American League West">West</a> </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Athletics_(baseball)" title="Athletics (baseball)">Athletics</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Sacramento,_California" title="West Sacramento, California">West Sacramento, California</a><sup id="cite_ref-c_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>C<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sutter_Health_Park" title="Sutter Health Park">Sutter Health Park</a><sup id="cite_ref-c_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>C<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">14,014 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=38_34_49_N_121_30_50_W_type:landmark&title=Athletics"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°34′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°30′50″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.58028°N 121.51389°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.58028; -121.51389</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Athletics</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1901* </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros">Houston Astros</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston, Texas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minute_Maid_Park" title="Minute Maid Park">Minute Maid Park</a> </td> <td align="center">41,168 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=29_45_25_N_95_21_20_W_type:landmark&title=Houston+Astros"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°45′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">95°21′20″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.75694°N 95.35556°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.75694; -95.35556</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Houston Astros</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td align="center">1962 <i>(NL)</i> </td> <td align="center">2013 <i>(AL)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels" title="Los Angeles Angels">Los Angeles Angels</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim, California</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Angel_Stadium" title="Angel Stadium">Angel Stadium</a> </td> <td align="center">45,517 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=33_48_1_N_117_52_58_W_type:landmark&title=Los+Angeles+Angels"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°48′1″N</span> <span class="longitude">117°52′58″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.80028°N 117.88278°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.80028; -117.88278</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Los Angeles Angels</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1961 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Mariners" title="Seattle Mariners">Seattle Mariners</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle, Washington</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_Park" title="T-Mobile Park">T-Mobile Park</a> </td> <td align="center">47,929 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=47_35_29_N_122_19_57_W_type:landmark&title=Seattle+Mariners"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°35′29″N</span> <span class="longitude">122°19′57″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.59139°N 122.33250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.59139; -122.33250</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Seattle Mariners</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1977 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Texas_Rangers_(baseball)" title="Texas Rangers (baseball)">Texas Rangers</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington, Texas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Globe_Life_Field" title="Globe Life Field">Globe Life Field</a> </td> <td align="center">40,300 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=32_45_5_N_97_4_58_W_type:landmark&title=Texas+Rangers"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°45′5″N</span> <span class="longitude">97°4′58″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.75139°N 97.08278°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.75139; -97.08278</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Texas Rangers</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1961* </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="15" style="background-color: #000088 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; ;"><b><a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">National League</span></a></b> </td> <th rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/National_League_East" title="National League East">East</a> </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Braves" title="Atlanta Braves">Atlanta Braves</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cumberland,_Georgia" title="Cumberland, Georgia">Cumberland, Georgia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Truist_Park" title="Truist Park">Truist Park</a> </td> <td align="center">41,084 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=33_53_24_N_84_28_4_W_type:landmark&title=Atlanta+Braves"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°53′24″N</span> <span class="longitude">84°28′4″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.89000°N 84.46778°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.89000; -84.46778</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Atlanta Braves</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td align="center">1871* <i>(<a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Professional_Base_Ball_Players" title="National Association of Professional Base Ball Players">NA</a>)</i> </td> <td align="center">1876 <i>(NL)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Miami_Marlins" title="Miami Marlins">Miami Marlins</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Miami,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami, Florida">Miami, Florida</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/LoanDepot_Park" title="LoanDepot Park">LoanDepot Park</a> </td> <td align="center">36,742 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=25_46_41_N_80_13_11_W_type:landmark&title=Miami+Marlins"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°46′41″N</span> <span class="longitude">80°13′11″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.77806°N 80.21972°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">25.77806; -80.21972</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Miami Marlins</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1993 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York, New York">New York, New York</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Citi_Field" title="Citi Field">Citi Field</a> </td> <td align="center">41,922 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=40_45_25_N_73_50_45_W_type:landmark&title=New+York+Mets"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°45′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°50′45″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.75694°N 73.84583°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.75694; -73.84583</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">New York Mets</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1962 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Bank_Park" title="Citizens Bank Park">Citizens Bank Park</a> </td> <td align="center">42,901 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=39_54_21_N_75_9_59_W_type:landmark&title=Philadelphia+Phillies"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°54′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°9′59″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.90583°N 75.16639°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.90583; -75.16639</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Philadelphia Phillies</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1883 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals" title="Washington Nationals">Washington Nationals</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nationals_Park" title="Nationals Park">Nationals Park</a> </td> <td align="center">41,373 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=38_52_22_N_77_0_27_W_type:landmark&title=Washington+Nationals"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°52′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°0′27″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.87278°N 77.00750°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.87278; -77.00750</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Washington Nationals</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1969* </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/National_League_Central" title="National League Central">Central</a> </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs">Chicago Cubs</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wrigley_Field" title="Wrigley Field">Wrigley Field</a> </td> <td align="center">41,649 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=41_56_54_N_87_39_20_W_type:landmark&title=Chicago+Cubs"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°56′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">87°39′20″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.94833°N 87.65556°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.94833; -87.65556</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Chicago Cubs</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td align="center">1870 <i>(NA)</i> </td> <td align="center">1876 <i>(NL)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds" title="Cincinnati Reds">Cincinnati Reds</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati, Ohio">Cincinnati, Ohio</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_American_Ball_Park" title="Great American Ball Park">Great American Ball Park</a> </td> <td align="center">43,500 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=39_5_51_N_84_30_24_W_type:landmark&title=Cincinnati+Reds"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°5′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">84°30′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.09750°N 84.50667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.09750; -84.50667</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Cincinnati Reds</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td align="center">1882 <i>(<a href="/wiki/American_Association_(1882%E2%80%931891)" title="American Association (1882–1891)">AA</a>)</i> </td> <td align="center">1890 <i>(NL)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers" title="Milwaukee Brewers">Milwaukee Brewers</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee,_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Milwaukee, Wisconsin">Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Family_Field" title="American Family Field">American Family Field</a> </td> <td align="center">41,700 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=43_1_42_N_87_58_16_W_type:landmark&title=Milwaukee+Brewers"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°1′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">87°58′16″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.02833°N 87.97111°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.02833; -87.97111</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Milwaukee Brewers</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td align="center">1969* <i>(AL)</i> </td> <td align="center">1998 <i>(NL)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates" title="Pittsburgh Pirates">Pittsburgh Pirates</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/PNC_Park" title="PNC Park">PNC Park</a> </td> <td align="center">38,747 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=40_26_49_N_80_0_21_W_type:landmark&title=Pittsburgh+Pirates"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°26′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">80°0′21″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.44694°N 80.00583°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.44694; -80.00583</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Pittsburgh Pirates</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td align="center">1882 <i>(AA)</i> </td> <td align="center">1887 <i>(NL)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Busch_Stadium" title="Busch Stadium">Busch Stadium</a> </td> <td align="center">44,383 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=38_37_21_N_90_11_35_W_type:landmark&title=St.+Louis+Cardinals"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°37′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">90°11′35″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.62250°N 90.19306°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.62250; -90.19306</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">St. Louis Cardinals</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td align="center">1882 <i>(AA)</i> </td> <td align="center">1892 <i>(NL)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/National_League_West" title="National League West">West</a> </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Diamondbacks" title="Arizona Diamondbacks">Arizona Diamondbacks</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chase_Field" title="Chase Field">Chase Field</a> </td> <td align="center">48,330 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=33_26_43_N_112_4_1_W_type:landmark&title=Arizona+Diamondbacks"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°26′43″N</span> <span class="longitude">112°4′1″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.44528°N 112.06694°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.44528; -112.06694</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Arizona Diamondbacks</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1998 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Rockies" title="Colorado Rockies">Colorado Rockies</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Denver,_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver, Colorado">Denver, Colorado</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coors_Field" title="Coors Field">Coors Field</a> </td> <td align="center">46,897 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=39_45_22_N_104_59_39_W_type:landmark&title=Colorado+Rockies"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°45′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">104°59′39″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.75611°N 104.99417°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.75611; -104.99417</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Colorado Rockies</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1993 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dodger_Stadium" title="Dodger Stadium">Dodger Stadium</a> </td> <td align="center">56,000 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=34_4_25_N_118_14_24_W_type:landmark&title=Los+Angeles+Dodgers"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°4′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">118°14′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.07361°N 118.24000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.07361; -118.24000</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Los Angeles Dodgers</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td align="center">1884* <i>(AA)</i> </td> <td align="center">1890 <i>(NL)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Padres" title="San Diego Padres">San Diego Padres</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego, California</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Petco_Park" title="Petco Park">Petco Park</a> </td> <td align="center">39,860 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=32_42_26_N_117_9_24_W_type:landmark&title=San+Diego+Padres"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°42′26″N</span> <span class="longitude">117°9′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.70722°N 117.15667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.70722; -117.15667</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">San Diego Padres</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1969 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants" title="San Francisco Giants">San Francisco Giants</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco, California</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Park" title="Oracle Park">Oracle Park</a> </td> <td align="center">41,331 </td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Major_League_Baseball&params=37_46_43_N_122_23_21_W_type:landmark&title=San+Francisco+Giants"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°46′43″N</span> <span class="longitude">122°23′21″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.77861°N 122.38917°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.77861; -122.38917</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">San Francisco Giants</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">1883* </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizational_structure">Organizational structure</h2></div> <p>MLB is governed by the <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_Constitution" title="Major League Baseball Constitution">Major League Baseball Constitution</a>. This document has undergone several incarnations since its creation in 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the direction of the <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioner of Baseball">Commissioner of Baseball</a>, MLB hires and maintains the sport's <a href="/wiki/Umpire_(baseball)" title="Umpire (baseball)">umpiring</a> crews, and negotiates marketing, labor, and <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_television_contracts" class="mw-redirect" title="Major League Baseball television contracts">television contracts</a>. MLB maintains a unique, controlling relationship over the sport, including most aspects of <a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor League Baseball</a>. This is due in large part to the 1922 <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> ruling in <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Baseball_Club_v._National_League" title="Federal Baseball Club v. National League">Federal Baseball Club v. National League</a></i>, which held that baseball is not <a href="/wiki/Interstate_commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate commerce">interstate commerce</a> and therefore not subject to federal <a href="/wiki/Antitrust" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitrust">antitrust</a> law; MLB is the only league that has such a status, and has not faced any competition since this case.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ruling has been weakened only slightly in subsequent years.<sup id="cite_ref-Policy_Debate:_Should_the_antitrust_exemption_for_baseball_be_eliminated?_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Policy_Debate:_Should_the_antitrust_exemption_for_baseball_be_eliminated?-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The weakened ruling granted more stability to the owners of teams and has resulted in values increasing at double-digit rates.<sup id="cite_ref-Policy_Debate:_Should_the_antitrust_exemption_for_baseball_be_eliminated?_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Policy_Debate:_Should_the_antitrust_exemption_for_baseball_be_eliminated?-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were several challenges to MLB's primacy in the sport, with notable attempts to establish competing leagues occurring during the late 1800s, from 1913 to 1915 with the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Federal_League" title="Federal League">Federal League</a>, and in 1960 with the aborted <a href="/wiki/Continental_League" title="Continental League">Continental League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Policy_Debate:_Should_the_antitrust_exemption_for_baseball_be_eliminated?_101-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Policy_Debate:_Should_the_antitrust_exemption_for_baseball_be_eliminated?-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The chief executive of MLB is the commissioner, <a href="/wiki/Rob_Manfred" title="Rob Manfred">Rob Manfred</a>. The deputy commissioner of baseball administration and chief legal officer is Dan Halem. There are seven other executives: executive vice president and general counsel, chief operations and strategy officer, chief communications officer, chief financial officer and senior advisor, executive vice president and chief marketing officer, chief revenue officer, and chief baseball development officer.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-execs_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-execs-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The multimedia branch of MLB is <a href="/wiki/MLB_Advanced_Media" title="MLB Advanced Media">MLB Advanced Media</a>, which is based in New York City. This branch oversees <a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a> and each of the 30 teams' websites. Its charter states that MLB Advanced Media holds <a href="/wiki/Editorial_independence" title="Editorial independence">editorial independence</a> from the league, but it is under the same ownership group and revenue-sharing plan. MLB Productions is a similarly structured wing of the league, focusing on video and traditional broadcast media. MLB also owns 67 percent of <a href="/wiki/MLB_Network" title="MLB Network">MLB Network</a>, with the other 33 percent split between several cable operators and satellite provider <a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It operates out of studios in <a href="/wiki/Secaucus,_New_Jersey" title="Secaucus, New Jersey">Secaucus, New Jersey</a>, and also has editorial independence from the league.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="League_organization">League organization</h2></div> <p>In 1920, the weak National Commission, created to manage relationships between the two leagues, was replaced with the much more powerful Commissioner of Baseball, who had the power to make decisions for all of professional baseball unilaterally.<sup id="cite_ref-MLBCommissioner_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MLBCommissioner-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1901 to 1960, the <a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> fielded eight teams apiece. </p><p>In the 1960s, MLB expansion added eight teams, including the first non-U.S. team (the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Expos" title="Montreal Expos">Montreal Expos</a>). Two teams (the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Mariners" title="Seattle Mariners">Seattle Mariners</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Blue_Jays" title="Toronto Blue Jays">Toronto Blue Jays</a>) were also added in the 1970s. From 1969 through 1993, each league consisted of an East and West Division. In 1993, the National League expanded with two teams, the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Marlins" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Marlins">Florida Marlins</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Rockies" title="Colorado Rockies">Colorado Rockies</a>, to even up the number of teams in both leagues. A third division, the Central Division, was formed in each league in 1994. Until 1996, the two leagues met on the field only during the <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game" title="Major League Baseball All-Star Game">All-Star Game</a>. Regular-season <a href="/wiki/Interleague_play" title="Interleague play">interleague play</a> was introduced in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-Interleague_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Interleague-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1995, two new franchises, the <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Diamondbacks" title="Arizona Diamondbacks">Arizona Diamondbacks</a> and Tampa Bay Devil Rays (now known as the <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Rays" title="Tampa Bay Rays">Tampa Bay Rays</a>), were awarded by MLB, which began play in 1998. This addition brought the total number of franchises to 30. In early 1997, MLB decided to assign one new team to each league: Tampa Bay joined the AL and Arizona joined the NL. The original plan was to have an odd number of teams in each league (15 per league, with five in each division), but in order for every team to be able to play daily, this would have required interleague play to be scheduled throughout the entire season. However, it was unclear at the time if the interleague play would continue after the 1998 season, as it had to be approved by the players' union. For this and other reasons, it was decided that both leagues should continue to have an even number of teams, and therefore, one existing club would have to switch leagues. The <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers#1994–98:_Realignment_/_"We're_taking_this_thing_National"" title="Milwaukee Brewers">Milwaukee Brewers</a> agreed in November 1997 to move from the AL to the NL, thereby making the AL a 14-team league and the NL a 16-team league. At the same time, the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Tigers" title="Detroit Tigers">Detroit Tigers</a> agreed to move from the AL East to the AL Central (to replace Milwaukee), with the expansion Tampa Bay Devil Rays joining the AL East.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, when the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros">Houston Astros</a> changed ownership prior to the 2013 season, the team moved from the NL Central to the AL West,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ESPN-AstrosSale2011_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPN-AstrosSale2011-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resulting in both leagues having three divisions of five teams each and allowing all teams to have a more balanced schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-ESPN-AstrosSale2011_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPN-AstrosSale2011-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interleague play is now held throughout the season.<sup id="cite_ref-ESPN-AstrosSale2011_110-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPN-AstrosSale2011-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2000, the AL and NL were dissolved as legal entities, and MLB became a single, overall league <i>de jure</i>, similar to the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL), <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> (NBA) and <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL)—albeit with two components called "leagues" instead of "conferences". The same <a href="/wiki/Baseball_rules" title="Baseball rules">rules</a> and <a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_sport" title="Regulation of sport">regulations</a> are used in both leagues, with one former exception: the AL operated under the <a href="/wiki/Designated_hitter" title="Designated hitter">designated hitter</a> (DH) rule, while the NL did not.<sup id="cite_ref-DHRule_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHRule-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anderson_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> (NL) used the designated hitter (DH) rule for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the settlement of the <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_Major_League_Baseball_lockout" title="2021–22 Major League Baseball lockout">2021–22 Major League Baseball lockout</a>, this change was made permanent thus making the rules in the two leagues identical.<sup id="cite_ref-DHRule_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHRule-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uniforms">Uniforms</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cleveland_Indians_22nd_Consecutive_Win_(37081433606).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cleveland_Indians_22nd_Consecutive_Win_%2837081433606%29.jpg/220px-Cleveland_Indians_22nd_Consecutive_Win_%2837081433606%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cleveland_Indians_22nd_Consecutive_Win_%2837081433606%29.jpg/330px-Cleveland_Indians_22nd_Consecutive_Win_%2837081433606%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cleveland_Indians_22nd_Consecutive_Win_%2837081433606%29.jpg/440px-Cleveland_Indians_22nd_Consecutive_Win_%2837081433606%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Guardians" title="Cleveland Guardians">Cleveland Guardians</a> throwback uniform</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_uniforms" title="Major League Baseball uniforms">Major League Baseball uniforms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baseball_uniform" title="Baseball uniform">Baseball uniform</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Baseball_uniform" title="Baseball uniform">baseball uniform</a> is a type of uniform worn by <a href="/wiki/Position_player" title="Position player">baseball players</a> and by some non-playing personnel, such as <a href="/wiki/Manager_(baseball)" title="Manager (baseball)">field managers</a> and coaches. It is worn to indicate the person's role in the game and—through the use of logos, colors, and <a href="/wiki/Uniform_number_(Major_League_Baseball)" title="Uniform number (Major League Baseball)">numbers</a>—to identify the teams and their players, managers, and coaches.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally, home uniforms display the team name on the front, while away uniforms display the team's home location. In modern times, however, exceptions to this pattern have become common, with teams using their team name on both uniforms.<sup id="cite_ref-MLB_Uniforms_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MLB_Uniforms-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most teams also have one or more <a href="/wiki/Third_jersey" title="Third jersey">alternate uniforms</a>, usually consisting of the primary or secondary team color on the vest instead of the usual white or gray.<sup id="cite_ref-MLB_Uniforms_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MLB_Uniforms-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the past few decades <a href="/wiki/Throwback_uniform" title="Throwback uniform">throwback uniforms</a> have become popular.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The New York Knickerbockers were the first baseball team to use uniforms, taking the field on April 4, 1849, in pants made of blue wool, white <a href="/wiki/Flannel" title="Flannel">flannel</a> shirts (<a href="/wiki/Jersey_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey (sport)">jerseys</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Straw_hat" title="Straw hat">straw hats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Baseball_cap" title="Baseball cap">Caps</a> and other types of headgear have been a part of baseball uniforms from the beginning.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baseball teams often wore full-brimmed straw hats or no cap at all since there was no official rule regarding headgear.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the 1882 uniform rules, players on the same team wore uniforms of different colors and patterns that indicated which position they played. This rule was soon abandoned as impractical.<sup id="cite_ref-The_history_of_the_baseball_uniform_at_the_National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_history_of_the_baseball_uniform_at_the_National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1880s, <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Wolverines" title="Detroit Wolverines">Detroit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals_(1886%E2%80%9389)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Nationals (1886–89)">Washington</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridegrooms" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Bridegrooms">Brooklyn</a> of the American Association were the first to wear striped uniforms.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the 19th century, teams began the practice of having two different uniforms, one for when they played at home in their own <a href="/wiki/Baseball_stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball stadium">baseball stadium</a> and a different one for when they played away (<a href="/wiki/Road_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Road game">on the road</a>) at the other team's ballpark.<sup id="cite_ref-MLB_Uniforms_116-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MLB_Uniforms-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became common to wear white pants with a white color vest at home and gray pants with a gray or solid (dark) colored vest when away.<sup id="cite_ref-MLB_Uniforms_116-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MLB_Uniforms-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1900, both home and away uniforms were standard across the major leagues.<sup id="cite_ref-BAuni_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BAuni-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2021, MLB announced a long-term deal with cryptocurrency exchange <a href="/wiki/FTX" title="FTX">FTX</a>, which includes the FTX logo appearing on umpire uniforms during all games.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FTX is MLB's first-ever umpire uniform patch partner.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 11, 2022, FTX filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. MLB removed the FTX patches from umpires' uniforms before the 2023 season.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Season_structure">Season structure</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_schedule" title="Major League Baseball schedule">Major League Baseball schedule</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_seasons" title="List of Major League Baseball seasons">List of Major League Baseball seasons</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spring_training">Spring training</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spring_training" title="Spring training">Spring training</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spring_training.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Spring_training.jpg/220px-Spring_training.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Spring_training.jpg/330px-Spring_training.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Spring_training.jpg/440px-Spring_training.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4055" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption>A Grapefruit League game at the former <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a> camp in <a href="/wiki/Vero_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Vero Beach">Vero Beach</a>, Florida</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Spring_training" title="Spring training">Spring training</a> is a series of practices and exhibition games preceding the start of the regular season. Teams hold training camps in the states of Arizona and Florida, where the early warm weather allows teams to practice and play without worrying about the late winter cold. Spring training allows new players to compete for roster and position spots and gives existing team players practice time prior to competitive play. The teams that hold spring training in Arizona are grouped into the <a href="/wiki/Cactus_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Cactus League">Cactus League</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while teams that hold camp in Florida are known as the <a href="/wiki/Grapefruit_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Grapefruit League">Grapefruit League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spring training typically lasts almost two months, starting in mid-February and running until just before the season-opening day, traditionally the first week of April. As pitchers benefit from a longer training period, pitchers and catchers begin spring training several days before the rest of the team.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regular_season">Regular season</h3></div> <p>Each team plays 162 games per season. A team's schedule is typically organized into three-game <a href="/wiki/Series_(baseball)" title="Series (baseball)">series</a>, sets of consecutive games against the same opponent, with occasional two- or four-game series.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Postponed games or continuations of suspended games can result in an ad hoc one-game or five-game series. All games of a series are usually hosted by the same team and multiple series are typically grouped together. I.e, a team usually hosts several series in a row, called a homestand, and follows that by going on several road series in a row. Teams generally play games five to seven days per week. Most games are scheduled at night, although teams will often play day games on Opening Day, holidays, and for the last game of a series to allow teams extra time to travel to their next opponent. Sunday games are generally played during the afternoon, allowing teams to travel to their next destination prior to a Monday night game. </p><p>In the current three-division structure, each team plays 13 games against each of its four divisional opponents. It plays one home series and one away series, amounting to six or seven games, against the 10 other teams in its league. A team also plays 3-game series with all the other teams in the other league, alternating home teams each year. Furthermore, each team has an interleague "natural rival" (in many cases its counterpart in the same metro area) with which it plays two home games and two away games each year. </p><p>With an odd number of teams in each league (15), it is necessary to have two teams participate in interleague play for most days in the season, except when two or more teams have a day off. Each team plays 20 interleague games throughout the season, usually with just one interleague game per day, but for one weekend in late May, all teams will participate in an interleague series. Before 2013, interleague play was structured differently: there would be one weekend in mid-May and another period consisting typically of the last two-thirds of June in which all teams played interleague games (save for two NL teams each day), and no interleague games were scheduled outside those dates. (Before 2013, season-long interleague play was not necessary, because each league had an even number of teams. In 2013, the Houston Astros moved to the American League, so that each league would have <a href="#League_organization">15 teams</a>.) Prior to the adoption of the universal designated hitter in 2022, whether the DH was in use depended on whether the home team was from the AL, where the DH was used, or the NL, where it was not. </p><p>Starting with the 2023 season, the scheduling formula changed, with each team playing at least one series against every other team every year. Each team plays 13 games against teams in the same division, with one 3-game and one 4-game series at each park, six games against teams within the same league but in other divisions, with one 3-game series at each park, and one 3-game series against teams in the other league, alternating home teams each year, except for each team's designated interleague rival, which will continue to consist of two 2-game series at each of the teams' home parks. </p><p>Beginning with the 2022 season, teams compete for the six <a href="/wiki/Playoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Playoff">playoff</a> berths in their respective leagues. To secure a berth, a team must either win its <a href="/wiki/MLB#League_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB">division</a> or capture a <a href="/wiki/MLB_Wild_Card" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB Wild Card">wild card spot</a> by having one of the three best records among the non-winners in its entire league.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the adoption of a third wild card, the former practice of breaking ties with an additional regular-season game, known as <a href="/wiki/Game_163" class="mw-redirect" title="Game 163">game 163</a>, was dropped in favor of a tie-breaker formula. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="All-Star_Game">All-Star Game</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game" title="Major League Baseball All-Star Game">Major League Baseball All-Star Game</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_attends_the_32nd_All-Star_Baseball_Game,_throws_out_first_ball._Speaker_of_the_House_John_W._McCormack..._-_NARA_-_194250.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/President_attends_the_32nd_All-Star_Baseball_Game%2C_throws_out_first_ball._Speaker_of_the_House_John_W._McCormack..._-_NARA_-_194250.jpg/220px-President_attends_the_32nd_All-Star_Baseball_Game%2C_throws_out_first_ball._Speaker_of_the_House_John_W._McCormack..._-_NARA_-_194250.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/President_attends_the_32nd_All-Star_Baseball_Game%2C_throws_out_first_ball._Speaker_of_the_House_John_W._McCormack..._-_NARA_-_194250.jpg/330px-President_attends_the_32nd_All-Star_Baseball_Game%2C_throws_out_first_ball._Speaker_of_the_House_John_W._McCormack..._-_NARA_-_194250.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/President_attends_the_32nd_All-Star_Baseball_Game%2C_throws_out_first_ball._Speaker_of_the_House_John_W._McCormack..._-_NARA_-_194250.jpg/440px-President_attends_the_32nd_All-Star_Baseball_Game%2C_throws_out_first_ball._Speaker_of_the_House_John_W._McCormack..._-_NARA_-_194250.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2026" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> throwing out the <a href="/wiki/First_pitch" class="mw-redirect" title="First pitch">first pitch</a> at the 1962 All-Star Game at <a href="/wiki/DC_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="DC Stadium">DC Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In early-to-mid July, just after the midway point of the season, the Major League Baseball All-Star Game is held during a four-day break from the regular-season schedule. The All-Star Game features a team of players from the American League (AL)—led by the manager of the previous AL World Series team—and a team of players from the National League (NL), similarly managed, in an exhibition game. From 1959 to 1962, two games were held each season, one was held in July and one was held in August. The designated-hitter rule was used in the All-Star Game for the first time in 1989. Following games used a DH when the game was played in an AL ballpark. Since 2010, the DH rule has been in effect regardless of venue.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first official All-Star Game was held as part of the <a href="/wiki/1933_World%27s_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="1933 World's Fair">1933 World's Fair</a> in Chicago, Illinois, and was the idea of <a href="/wiki/Arch_Ward" title="Arch Ward">Arch Ward</a>, then sports editor for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chicago_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="The Chicago Tribune">The Chicago Tribune</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-asgmenu_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asgmenu-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially intended to be a one-time event, its great success resulted in making the game an annual one. Ward's contribution was recognized by Major League Baseball in 1962 with the creation of the "Arch Ward Trophy", given to the All-Star Game's Most Valuable Player each year.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (In 1970, it was renamed the Commissioner's Trophy, until 1985, when the name change was reversed. In 2002, it was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game_Most_Valuable_Player_Award" title="Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award">Ted Williams Most Valuable Player Award</a>.)<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in 1947, the eight position players in each team's starting lineup have been voted into the game by fans.<sup id="cite_ref-asgmenu_136-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asgmenu-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fan voting was discontinued after a 1957 ballot-box-stuffing scandal in Cincinnati: seven of the eight slots originally went to <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds" title="Cincinnati Reds">Reds</a> players, two of whom were subsequently removed from the lineup to make room for Willie Mays and <a href="/wiki/Hank_Aaron" title="Hank Aaron">Hank Aaron</a>. Fan voting was reinstated in 1970 and has continued ever since, including <a href="/wiki/All-Star_Final_Vote" title="All-Star Final Vote">internet voting</a> in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2002_Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game" title="2002 Major League Baseball All-Star Game">2002 contest in Milwaukee</a> controversially ended in an 11-inning tie when both managers ran out of pitchers. In response, starting in 2003 the league which wins the All-Star game received home-field advantage in the World Series: the league champion hosted the first two games at its own ballpark as well as the last two (if necessary). The National League did not win an All-Star game and thus gain a home-field advantage until 2010; it was able to overcome this disadvantage and win in three of the seven World Series from 2003 to 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was discontinued after the 2016 season.<sup id="cite_ref-WS_homefield_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WS_homefield-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MLB All-Stars from both leagues have worn uniforms from their respective teams at the game with one exception. In the <a href="/wiki/1933_Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game" title="1933 Major League Baseball All-Star Game">1933 All-Star Game</a>, the National League All-Star Team members wore special gray uniforms with "National League" written in navy blue letters across the front of the jersey.<sup id="cite_ref-The_World_Series_and_Highlights_of_Baseball_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_World_Series_and_Highlights_of_Baseball-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baseball_uniforms_of_the_20th_century_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baseball_uniforms_of_the_20th_century-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postseason">Postseason</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_postseason" title="Major League Baseball postseason">Major League Baseball postseason</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Series_champions" title="List of World Series champions">List of World Series champions</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-left:1em; float:right"> <caption><b>World Series records</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Team </th> <th scope="col">Series<br />won </th> <th scope="col">Last<br />Series<br />won </th> <th scope="col">Series<br />played </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> (AL) </td> <td>27 </td> <td>2009 </td> <td>41 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a> (NL) </td> <td>11 </td> <td>2011 </td> <td>19 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics" title="Oakland Athletics">Athletics</a> (AL) </td> <td>9 </td> <td>1989 </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a> (AL) </td> <td>9 </td> <td>2018 </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a> (NL) </td> <td>8 </td> <td>2024 </td> <td>22 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants" title="San Francisco Giants">San Francisco Giants</a> (NL) </td> <td>8 </td> <td>2014 </td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds" title="Cincinnati Reds">Cincinnati Reds</a> (NL) </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1990 </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates" title="Pittsburgh Pirates">Pittsburgh Pirates</a> (NL) </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1979 </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Tigers" title="Detroit Tigers">Detroit Tigers</a> (AL) </td> <td>4 </td> <td>1984 </td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Braves" title="Atlanta Braves">Atlanta Braves</a> (NL) </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs">Chicago Cubs</a> (NL) </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2016 </td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles" title="Baltimore Orioles">Baltimore Orioles</a> (AL) </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1983 </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Twins" title="Minnesota Twins">Minnesota Twins</a> (AL) </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1991 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_White_Sox" title="Chicago White Sox">Chicago White Sox</a> (AL) </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2005 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</a> (NL) </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2008 </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Guardians" title="Cleveland Guardians">Cleveland Guardians</a> (AL) </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1948 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros">Houston Astros</a> <small>(NL to AL, 2013)</small> </td> <td>2 <sup>[AL]</sup> </td> <td>2022 </td> <td>5<br />(4 <sup>[AL]</sup>, 1 <sup>[NL]</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a> (NL) </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1986 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals" title="Kansas City Royals">Kansas City Royals</a> (AL) </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2015 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Miami_Marlins" title="Miami Marlins">Miami Marlins</a> (NL) </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Blue_Jays" title="Toronto Blue Jays">Toronto Blue Jays</a> (AL) </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1993 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Texas_Rangers_(baseball)" title="Texas Rangers (baseball)">Texas Rangers</a> (AL) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Diamondbacks" title="Arizona Diamondbacks">Arizona Diamondbacks</a> (NL) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals" title="Washington Nationals">Washington Nationals</a> (NL) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels" title="Los Angeles Angels">Los Angeles Angels</a> (AL) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2002 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Rays" title="Tampa Bay Rays">Tampa Bay Rays</a> (AL) </td> <td>0 </td> <td>  </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Padres" title="San Diego Padres">San Diego Padres</a> (NL) </td> <td>0 </td> <td>  </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Rockies" title="Colorado Rockies">Colorado Rockies</a> (NL) </td> <td>0 </td> <td>  </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers" title="Milwaukee Brewers">Milwaukee Brewers</a> <small>(AL to NL, 1998)</small> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>  </td> <td>1 <sup>[AL]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Mariners" title="Seattle Mariners">Seattle Mariners</a> (AL) </td> <td>0 </td> <td>  </td> <td>0 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The regular season ends after the first Sunday in October (or the last Sunday in September), after which twelve teams enter the postseason playoffs. These twelve teams consist of the six division champions and six "wild-card" teams: the team with the best overall <a href="/wiki/Win%E2%80%93loss_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Win–loss record">win–loss record</a> in each of the six divisions, and the three teams in each league with the best records other than the division champions. Four rounds of series of games are played to determine the champion:<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Card_Series" title="Wild Card Series">Wild Card Series</a>, a best of three games playoff between the lowest seeded division champion and three "wild-card teams", the higher seeds will host all three games</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_League_Division_Series" title="American League Division Series">American League Division Series</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_League_Division_Series" title="National League Division Series">National League Division Series</a>, each a best-of-five-games series.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_League_Championship_Series" title="American League Championship Series">American League Championship Series</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_League_Championship_Series" title="National League Championship Series">National League Championship Series</a>, each a best-of-seven-games series played between the winning teams from the Division Series. The league champions are referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Pennant_(sports)" title="Pennant (sports)">pennant</a> winners.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a>, a best-of-seven-games series played between the <a href="/wiki/Pennant_(sports)" title="Pennant (sports)">pennant</a> winners of each league.</li></ol> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Series_Trophy_(48262268286).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/World_Series_Trophy_%2848262268286%29.jpg/220px-World_Series_Trophy_%2848262268286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/World_Series_Trophy_%2848262268286%29.jpg/330px-World_Series_Trophy_%2848262268286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/World_Series_Trophy_%2848262268286%29.jpg/440px-World_Series_Trophy_%2848262268286%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4024" data-file-height="6048" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Commissioner%27s_Trophy_(MLB)" title="Commissioner's Trophy (MLB)">Commissioner's Trophy</a> is awarded annually to the winning team of the <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a>, the league's championship series that concludes the postseason.</figcaption></figure> <p>Within each league, the division winners are the 1, 2, and 3-seeds, based on win–loss records. The teams with the first, second, and third best records among non-division winners will be seeded 4, 5, and 6 respectively. Throughout the postseason, home-field advantage is awarded to the team with the higher win-loss record, with tiebreakers being applied if necessary. In the <a href="/wiki/Wild_Card_Series" title="Wild Card Series">Wild Card Series</a>, the 3-seed will host the 6-seed, and the 4-seed will host the 5-seed, with the winners advancing to the <a href="/wiki/Division_Series" title="Division Series">Division Series</a>. Unlike the <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a>, there is no reseeding between each series. In the <a href="/wiki/Division_Series" title="Division Series">Division Series</a>, the 1-seed goes up against the 3/6-seed and the 2-seed goes up against the 4/5-seed. The winners of those matches will compete in their respective <a href="/wiki/League_Championship_Series" title="League Championship Series">League Championship Series</a> for their <a href="/wiki/Pennant_(sports)#Baseball" title="Pennant (sports)">League Pennant</a>, and the Pennant winners will advance to the <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2017, home-field advantage in the World Series is determined by regular-season records of the two league champions, replacing a system used for the prior 14 seasons where the champion of the league that won the All-Star Game would receive home-field advantage.<sup id="cite_ref-WS_homefield_142-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WS_homefield-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The team with home-field advantage in the Wild Card Series will host all three games, and subsequent series' will split home fields between the two teams in a 2-3-2 format, with the advantaged team hosting games 1 and 2, as well as 6 and 7 (if necessary). With this format, the home-field advantage does not usually play a large role in the postseason unless the series goes to its maximum number of games. However, because the first two games of a postseason series are hosted by the same team, a team starting with two wins will likely have momentum heading into the venue switch.<sup id="cite_ref-[[World_Series]]_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-[[World_Series]]-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alds_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alds-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_play">International play</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_games_played_outside_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="List of Major League Baseball games played outside the United States and Canada">List of Major League Baseball games played outside the United States and Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/MLB_Japan_All-Star_Series" title="MLB Japan All-Star Series">MLB Japan All-Star Series</a>, <a href="/wiki/MLB_Taiwan_All-Star_Series" title="MLB Taiwan All-Star Series">MLB Taiwan All-Star Series</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2019_MLB_London_Series" title="2019 MLB London Series">2019 MLB London Series</a></div> <p>Since 1986 an <a href="/wiki/All-star_game" title="All-star game">All-Star</a> team from MLB is sent to a biennial end-of-the-season tour of Japan, dubbed as <a href="/wiki/MLB_Japan_All-Star_Series" title="MLB Japan All-Star Series">MLB Japan All-Star Series</a>, playing exhibition games in a <a href="/wiki/Playoff_format#Best-of_formats" title="Playoff format">best-of format</a> against the All-Stars from <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Professional_Baseball" title="Nippon Professional Baseball">Nippon Professional Baseball</a> (NPB) or recently as of 2014 their national team <a href="/wiki/Samurai_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Samurai Japan">Samurai Japan</a>. </p><p>In 2008, MLB played the <a href="/wiki/MLB_China_Series" title="MLB China Series">MLB China Series</a> in the People's Republic of China. It was a series of two spring-training games between the San Diego Padres and Los Angeles Dodgers. The games were an effort to popularize baseball in China.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MLB played the <a href="/wiki/MLB_Taiwan_All-Star_Series" title="MLB Taiwan All-Star Series">MLB Taiwan All-Star Series</a> in Taiwan in November 2011. It was a series of five exhibition games played by a team made up of MLB players called the MLB All-Stars and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei_national_baseball_team" title="Chinese Taipei national baseball team">Chinese Taipei national baseball team</a>. The MLB All-Stars swept the series, five games to zero.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of the 2011 season, it was announced that the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Mariners" title="Seattle Mariners">Seattle Mariners</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics" title="Oakland Athletics">Oakland Athletics</a> would play their season openers in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2013, Phil Rogers of the <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i> wrote that MLB was considering postseason all-star tours in Taiwan and Korea; baseball is increasing in popularity in both countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarosh_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarosh-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Diamondbacks" title="Arizona Diamondbacks">Arizona Diamondbacks</a> opened the 2014 season against <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a> from March 22–23 in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The teams played each other at the historic <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Cricket_Ground" title="Sydney Cricket Ground">Sydney Cricket Ground</a>, which has a seating capacity of 46,000. The two games represented the first MLB regular-season play held in that country. The games counted as home games for the <a href="/wiki/Diamondbacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamondbacks">Diamondbacks</a>, so they played 79 home games at <a href="/wiki/Chase_Field" title="Chase Field">Chase Field</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sox" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Sox">Red Sox</a> were the home team in a regular-season two-game series against the <a href="/wiki/Yankees" class="mw-redirect" title="Yankees">Yankees</a>. The games, which were the first regular-season <a href="/wiki/MLB" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB">MLB</a> games held in Europe, were played on June 29–30 at <a href="/wiki/London_Stadium" title="London Stadium">London Stadium</a> with the Yankees winning both games.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Padres" title="San Diego Padres">San Diego Padres</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a> opened the 2024 regular season on March 20–21 at <a href="/wiki/Gocheok_Sky_Dome" title="Gocheok Sky Dome">Gocheok Sky Dome</a> in Seoul, South Korea. The ceremonial first pitch of the opening game was thrown by the first Korean-born MLB player <a href="/wiki/Chan_Ho_Park" title="Chan Ho Park">Chan Ho Park</a>, who made his debut with the LA Dodgers in 1994. The two-game Seoul Series resulted in a split between the two teams. There were also four exhibition games played during March 17–18, where the Dodgers took on the <a href="/wiki/Kiwoom_Heroes" title="Kiwoom Heroes">Kiwoom Heroes</a> and Team Korea, and the Padres faced the <a href="/wiki/LG_Twins" title="LG Twins">LG Twins</a> and Team Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Together with the <a href="/wiki/World_Baseball_Softball_Confederation" title="World Baseball Softball Confederation">World Baseball Softball Confederation</a>, MLB sponsors the <a href="/wiki/World_Baseball_Classic" title="World Baseball Classic">World Baseball Classic</a>, an international baseball tournament contested by national teams.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance-enhancing_drugs">Performance-enhancing drugs</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Doping_in_baseball" title="Doping in baseball">Doping in baseball</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_suspended_for_performance-enhancing_drugs" title="List of Major League Baseball players suspended for performance-enhancing drugs">List of Major League Baseball players suspended for performance-enhancing drugs</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palmeiro_swing2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Palmeiro_swing2.png/220px-Palmeiro_swing2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Palmeiro_swing2.png/330px-Palmeiro_swing2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Palmeiro_swing2.png/440px-Palmeiro_swing2.png 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="615" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Palmeiro" title="Rafael Palmeiro">Rafael Palmeiro</a> (batter), one of the MLB players suspended for steroid use<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1998, both <a href="/wiki/Mark_McGwire" title="Mark McGwire">Mark McGwire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Sosa" title="Sammy Sosa">Sammy Sosa</a> hit more <a href="/wiki/Home_run" title="Home run">home runs</a> than the record of 61 set by Yankees right fielder <a href="/wiki/Roger_Maris" title="Roger Maris">Roger Maris</a> in 1961. <a href="/wiki/Barry_Bonds" title="Barry Bonds">Barry Bonds</a> topped the record in 2001 with 73 home runs. McGwire, Bonds, and Sosa became the subjects of speculation regarding the use of performance-enhancing substances. McGwire later admitted that he used a steroid hormone that was still legal in baseball during the 1998 season.<sup id="cite_ref-ESPNsteroids_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPNsteroids-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baseball's original steroid testing policy, in effect from 2002 to 2005, provided for penalties ranging from a ten-game suspension for a first positive test to a one-year suspension for a fourth positive test. Players were tested at least once per year, with the chance that several players could be tested many times per year.<sup id="cite_ref-wnbc_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wnbc-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2006 book, <i><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Shadows" title="Game of Shadows">Game of Shadows</a></i> by <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a></i> investigative reporters <a href="/wiki/Lance_Williams_and_Mark_Fainaru-Wada" title="Lance Williams and Mark Fainaru-Wada">Lance Williams and Mark Fainaru-Wada</a>, chronicled alleged extensive use of performance enhancers, including several types of steroids and <a href="/wiki/Growth_hormone" title="Growth hormone">growth hormone</a> by baseball superstars Barry Bonds, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Sheffield" title="Gary Sheffield">Gary Sheffield</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jason_Giambi" title="Jason Giambi">Jason Giambi</a>. Former <a href="/wiki/Senate_Majority_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Majority Leader">Senate Majority Leader</a> George Mitchell was appointed by Selig on March 30, 2006<sup id="cite_ref-MLB_pre_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MLB_pre-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to investigate the use of performance-enhancing drugs in MLB. The appointment was made after several influential members of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a> made negative comments about both the effectiveness and honesty of MLB's <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_drug_policy" title="Major League Baseball drug policy">drug policies</a> and Commissioner Selig.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_20071213_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_20071213-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The day before the <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Report" title="Mitchell Report">Mitchell Report</a> was to be released in 2007, Selig said, "I haven't seen the report yet, but I'm proud I did it."<sup id="cite_ref-Chicago_Tribune_20071212_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chicago_Tribune_20071212-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-espn_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-espn-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The report said that after mandatory random testing began in 2004, <a href="/wiki/HGH_treatment_for_athletic_enhancement" class="mw-redirect" title="HGH treatment for athletic enhancement">HGH treatment for athletic enhancement</a> became popular among players, as HGH is not detectable in tests. It pointed out that HGH is likely a placebo with no performance-enhancing effects.<sup id="cite_ref-report_pg_SR2_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report_pg_SR2-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The report included substance use allegations against at least one player from each MLB team.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>, some people questioned whether Mitchell's director role with the Boston Red Sox created a conflict of interest, especially because no "prime [Sox] players were in the report".<sup id="cite_ref-report_pg_A1_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report_pg_A1-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The report named several prominent Yankees who were parts of World Series clubs; there is a long-running and fierce <a href="/wiki/Yankees%E2%80%93Red_Sox_rivalry" title="Yankees–Red Sox rivalry">Yankees–Red Sox rivalry</a>. Former U.S. prosecutor <a href="/wiki/John_M._Dowd" title="John M. Dowd">John M. Dowd</a> brought up Mitchell's conflict of interest,<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he later said that the former senator had done a good job.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mitchell acknowledged that his "tight relationship with Major League Baseball left him open to criticism",<sup id="cite_ref-gregjohnson_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gregjohnson-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he said that readers who examine the report closely "will not find any evidence of bias, of special treatment of the Red Sox".<sup id="cite_ref-gregjohnson_170-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gregjohnson-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 10, 2013, MLB and the players union reached an agreement to add random, in-season HGH testing. They also agreed to implement a new test to reveal the use of <a href="/wiki/Testosterone_(medication)" title="Testosterone (medication)">testosterone</a> for the 2013 season.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current MLB drug policy provides for an 80-game suspension for a first positive test, a 162-game suspension for a second positive test, and a lifetime suspension for a third positive test.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, allegations surfaced against <a href="/wiki/Alex_Rodriguez" title="Alex Rodriguez">Alex Rodriguez</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Ortiz" title="David Ortiz">David Ortiz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Manny_Ramirez" title="Manny Ramirez">Manny Ramirez</a> received a 50-game suspension after testing positive for banned substances. In early April 2011, Ramirez retired from baseball rather than face a 100-game suspension for his second positive steroid test.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He would later unretire, having the suspension dropped to 50 games, and would serve those in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_coverage">Media coverage</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_on_television" title="Major League Baseball on television">Major League Baseball on television</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Major_League_Baseball_broadcasters" title="List of current Major League Baseball broadcasters">List of current Major League Baseball broadcasters</a></div> <p>Several networks televise baseball games, including <a href="/wiki/MLB_on_Fox" title="MLB on Fox">Fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/ESPN_Major_League_Baseball" title="ESPN Major League Baseball">ESPN</a>, <a href="/wiki/MLB_on_TBS" title="MLB on TBS">TBS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/MLB_Network" title="MLB Network">MLB Network</a>. Since 2008, Fox Sports has broadcast MLB games on <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Night_in_America" title="Baseball Night in America">Saturdays</a> throughout the entire season; Fox previously only broadcast games from May to September.<sup id="cite_ref-fox_175-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fox-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fox also holds rights to the All-Star Game each season. Fox also alternates League Championship Series broadcasts, broadcasting the <a href="/wiki/American_League_Championship_Series" title="American League Championship Series">American League Championship Series</a> (ALCS) in odd-numbered years and the <a href="/wiki/National_League_Championship_Series" title="National League Championship Series">National League Championship Series</a> (NLCS) in even-numbered years. Fox broadcasts all games of the World Series.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ESPN continues to broadcast MLB games as well, beginning with national Opening Day coverage.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The network airs the program <i><a href="/wiki/Baseball_Tonight" title="Baseball Tonight">Baseball Tonight</a></i> prior to its weekly regular season game titled: <i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Night_Baseball" title="Sunday Night Baseball">Sunday Night Baseball</a></i>. ESPN also has the rights to the Home Run Derby every July and in the postseason broadcasts the Wild Card Series exclusively.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>TBS has aired Sunday afternoon regular season games (non-exclusive) nationally, but beginning in 2022 this will be replaced by Tuesday night games.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, TBS began its exclusive rights to any tiebreaker games that determine division or wild card champions. It also airs exclusive coverage of the <a href="/wiki/Division_Series" title="Division Series">Division Series</a> round of the playoffs.<sup id="cite_ref-tbs_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tbs-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TBS carries the <a href="/wiki/League_Championship_Series" title="League Championship Series">League Championship Series</a> that are not included under Fox's television agreement; TBS shows the NLCS in odd-numbered years and the ALCS in even-numbered years.<sup id="cite_ref-tv_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tv-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2009, MLB launched the <a href="/wiki/MLB_Network" title="MLB Network">MLB Network</a>, featuring news and coverage from around the league, and airing 26 live games in the 2009 season.<sup id="cite_ref-washpost_184-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washpost-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each team also has local broadcasts for all games not carried by Fox on Saturdays or ESPN on Sunday nights. These games are typically split between a local broadcast television station and a local or <a href="/wiki/Regional_sports_network" title="Regional sports network">regional sports network</a> (RSN), though some teams only air local games through RSNs or through their own team networks. As Canada only contains one team, <a href="/wiki/Sportsnet" title="Sportsnet">Sportsnet</a> broadcasts Toronto Blue Jays games nationally.<sup id="cite_ref-Sportsnet_will_carry_all_162_games_for_Blue_Jays_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sportsnet_will_carry_all_162_games_for_Blue_Jays-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The channel is owned by <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Communications" title="Rogers Communications">Rogers Communications</a>, who is also the parent company of the Blue Jays.<sup id="cite_ref-Sportsnet_will_carry_all_162_games_for_Blue_Jays_185-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sportsnet_will_carry_all_162_games_for_Blue_Jays-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sportsnet also televises Fox's Saturday afternoon games, the All-Star Game, playoff games, and the World Series.<sup id="cite_ref-Sportsnet_will_carry_all_162_games_for_Blue_Jays_185-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sportsnet_will_carry_all_162_games_for_Blue_Jays-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sportsnet_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sportsnet-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2011, <a href="/wiki/TSN2" title="TSN2">TSN2</a> began carrying ESPN <i>Sunday Night Baseball</i> in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-TSN2_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TSN2-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/TVA_Sports" title="TVA Sports">TVA Sports</a> airs Blue Jays games in French.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several MLB games are broadcast exclusively on <a href="/wiki/Internet_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet television">Internet television</a>. After a year of exclusive games on Facebook,<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MLB partnered with <a href="/wiki/MLB_Game_of_the_Week_Live_on_YouTube" title="MLB Game of the Week Live on YouTube">YouTube</a> to stream weekly games on the service beginning in the 2019 season, and extending until 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, MLB made a deal with <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> to launch <i><a href="/wiki/Friday_Night_Baseball" title="Friday Night Baseball">Friday Night Baseball</a></i> on its <a href="/wiki/Apple_TV%2B" title="Apple TV+">Apple TV+</a> streaming service, and <a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports" title="NBC Sports">NBC Sports</a> to broadcast <a href="/wiki/MLB_Sunday_Leadoff" title="MLB Sunday Leadoff">MLB Sunday Leadoff</a>, a package of early Sunday afternoon games on <a href="/wiki/Peacock_(streaming_service)" title="Peacock (streaming service)">Peacock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Apple_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ESPN+ broadcasts one out-of-market game per day throughout the whole regular season. </p><p>Since the <a href="/wiki/2023_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2023 Major League Baseball season">2023 season</a> Division Series the streaming service <a href="/wiki/Max_(streaming_service)" title="Max (streaming service)">Max</a> began to simulcast the games broadcast by its sister channel TBS (both owned by <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery" title="Warner Bros. Discovery">Warner Bros. Discovery</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, <a href="/wiki/The_Roku_Channel" title="The Roku Channel">The Roku Channel</a> began streaming MLB Sunday Leadoff.<sup id="cite_ref-Roku_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roku-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blackout_policy">Blackout policy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_blackout_policy" title="Major League Baseball blackout policy">Major League Baseball blackout policy</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Syndication_exclusivity" title="Syndication exclusivity">Syndication exclusivity</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MLB_Blackout_Areas.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/MLB_Blackout_Areas.svg/300px-MLB_Blackout_Areas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/MLB_Blackout_Areas.svg/450px-MLB_Blackout_Areas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/MLB_Blackout_Areas.svg/600px-MLB_Blackout_Areas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="816" /></a><figcaption>MLB blackout map in the United States</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_MLB_blackout_area.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Canadian_MLB_blackout_area.svg/300px-Canadian_MLB_blackout_area.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Canadian_MLB_blackout_area.svg/450px-Canadian_MLB_blackout_area.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Canadian_MLB_blackout_area.svg/600px-Canadian_MLB_blackout_area.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption>Canadian regions subject to <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#144A9B; color:white;"> </span> Toronto Blue Jays exclusively</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#005F50; color:white;"> </span> Shared with <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Mariners" title="Seattle Mariners">Seattle Mariners</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#7D1703; color:white;"> </span> Shared with <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Twins" title="Minnesota Twins">Minnesota Twins</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DD2726; color:white;"> </span> Shared with <a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a></div> Note: Toronto Blue Jays territory covers all of Canada</figcaption></figure> <p>MLB has several <a href="/wiki/Blackout_(broadcasting)" title="Blackout (broadcasting)">blackout</a> rules.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A local broadcaster has priority to televise games of the team in their market over national broadcasters if the game is not exclusive to the national broadcaster. A market that has a local team playing in a non-exclusive game will receive an alternative programming feed on the national broadcaster.<sup id="cite_ref-Helyar_196-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helyar-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MLB's streaming internet video service is also subject to the same blackout rules.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commissioner Robert Manfred has expressed interest in changing the blackout policy to loosen the rules for streaming options.<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio_and_Internet">Radio and Internet</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_on_the_radio" title="Major League Baseball on the radio">Major League Baseball on the radio</a></div> <p>The first baseball game ever broadcast on radio was a <a href="/wiki/1921_Pittsburgh_Pirates_season" title="1921 Pittsburgh Pirates season">Pittsburgh Pirates</a> versus <a href="/wiki/1921_Philadelphia_Phillies_season" title="1921 Philadelphia Phillies season">Philadelphia Phillies</a> game on August 5, 1921. The game was broadcast by <a href="/wiki/KDKA_(AM)" title="KDKA (AM)">KDKA</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, and the Pirates defeated the Phillies 8–5. It was broadcast by KDKA staff announcer <a href="/wiki/Harold_Arlin" title="Harold Arlin">Harold Arlin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KDKA_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KDKA-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HB_200-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HB-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TSB_201-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TSB-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ASO_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASO-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DDO_203-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDO-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_WWJ"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball#endnote_WWJ">[1]</a></sup> That year, KDKA and <a href="/wiki/WABC_(AM)" title="WABC (AM)">WJZ</a> of <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a> broadcast the first <a href="/wiki/1921_World_Series" title="1921 World Series">World Series</a> on the radio, between the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_New_York_Giants_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the New York Giants (baseball)">New York Giants</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Grantland_Rice" title="Grantland Rice">Grantland Rice</a> and Tommy Cowan calling the games for KDKA and WJZ, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-HB_200-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HB-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TSB_201-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TSB-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ASO_202-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASO-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the broadcasters were not actually present at the game, but simply gave reports from a <a href="/wiki/Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegraph">telegraph</a> wire.<sup id="cite_ref-HB_200-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HB-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1922, WJZ broadcast <a href="/wiki/1922_World_Series" title="1922 World Series">the entire series</a>, with Rice doing play-by-play.<sup id="cite_ref-TSB_201-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TSB-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ASO_202-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASO-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the <a href="/wiki/1923_World_Series" title="1923 World Series">1923 World Series</a>, Rice was joined on <a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Broadcasting" title="Westinghouse Broadcasting">Westinghouse</a> for the first time by <a href="/wiki/Graham_McNamee" title="Graham McNamee">Graham McNamee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HB_200-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HB-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RW_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RW-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1923 World Series, Rice was the main broadcaster, but during the fourth inning of Game 3, he turned the microphone over to McNamee.<sup id="cite_ref-ASO_202-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASO-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RW_204-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RW-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the start of McNamee's career, and McNamee became the first <a href="/wiki/Color_commentator" title="Color commentator">color commentator</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MLB_205-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MLB-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although frequently criticized for his lack of expertise, McNamee helped popularize baseball.<sup id="cite_ref-HB_200-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HB-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RW_204-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RW-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Voices_206-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voices-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1998_in_baseball" title="1998 in baseball">1998</a>, national radio broadcasts moved to <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_on_ESPN_Radio" title="Major League Baseball on ESPN Radio">ESPN Radio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DBS_207-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBS-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ESPN Radio currently broadcasts <i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Night_Baseball" title="Sunday Night Baseball">Sunday Night Baseball</a></i> games during the regular season, as well as Saturday and occasional weekday games, along with the All-Star Game and all postseason contests.<sup id="cite_ref-ESPN_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPN-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2021, <a href="/wiki/TUDN_Radio" title="TUDN Radio">TUDN Radio</a> airs Spanish-language coverage of select regular season and postseason games, including the World Series.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, each team employs its own announcers, who broadcast during the regular season. Most teams operate regional networks to cover their fan bases; some of these supposedly regional networks (such as the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees_Radio_Network" title="New York Yankees Radio Network">New York Yankees Radio Network</a>) have a national reach with affiliates located across the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major League Baseball has an exclusive rights deal with <a href="/wiki/XM_Satellite_Radio" title="XM Satellite Radio">XM Satellite Radio</a>, which includes the channel <a href="/wiki/MLB_Network_Radio" title="MLB Network Radio">MLB Network Radio</a> and live play-by-play of all games.<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many teams also maintain a network of stations that broadcast their games in Spanish; as of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Major_League_Baseball&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a> are the only team that produces radio broadcasts in a third language, with selected games broadcast in Korean.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Canadian teams (the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Expos" title="Montreal Expos">Montreal Expos</a> before their move to Washington, DC in 2005, and the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Blue_Jays" title="Toronto Blue Jays">Toronto Blue Jays</a>) have produced radio broadcasts in French.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MLB games are also broadcast live on the internet. All television and radio broadcasts of games are available via subscription to <a href="/wiki/MLB.tv" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB.tv">MLB.tv</a> at Major League Baseball's website, MLB.com, and radio-only broadcasts are also available via subscription to MLB.com Gameday Audio.<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2005, Major League Baseball has a partnership with <a href="/wiki/XM_Satellite_Radio" title="XM Satellite Radio">XM Satellite Radio</a>, launching a 24-7 channel <a href="/wiki/MLB_Home_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB Home Plate">MLB Home Plate</a> which carries every major league game.<sup id="cite_ref-XM_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XM-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FAQ_216-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAQ-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Games are also carried on MLB Gameday Audio.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While all teams maintain a network of stations carrying their games in English, many teams also maintain a Spanish-language network as well. In addition, when the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals" title="Washington Nationals">Washington Nationals</a> were based in Montreal as the Montreal Expos, their games were broadcast in both English and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>. Selected games of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a> are broadcast in Korean by <a href="/wiki/KMPC" title="KMPC">KMPC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_broadcasting">International broadcasting</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Disney_Media_Networks" title="Disney Media Networks">Disney Media Networks</a> Latin America through its linear channels (<a href="/wiki/ESPN_(Latin_America)" title="ESPN (Latin America)">ESPN</a>, <a href="/wiki/ESPN_Caribbean" title="ESPN Caribbean">ESPN Caribbean</a>, <a href="/wiki/ESPN_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="ESPN Brazil">ESPN Brazil</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Star%2B" title="Star+">Star+</a> owns the broadcast rights to more than 180 regular season games (at least 1 game per day), the Home Run Derby, the All Star Game and the post season including: the Wild Card Series, the Division Series, the Championship Series and the World Series for all of Latin America and the Caribbean.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Mexico, as of 2022, Fox Sports airs five regular season games per week<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and post-season games that belong to the league that broadcasts its American namesake (including the Wild Card Series). Likewise, TUDN carries 4 matches a week until 2022: through the pay television signal, games were broadcast on Tuesdays and Thursdays, while on Saturdays (generally at 12:00 p.m.) and Sundays (rotating between NBA games, until the start of the NFL season) games were broadcast on Canal 9. Starting with the Championship Series, it only broadcast one division and the whole World Series, these were broadcast on free-to-air television for 59 years.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting with the 2023 season, it was confirmed that Imagen Televisión would begin broadcasting a regular season game every Saturday and Sunday as well as the playoffs and the World Series on open television and its website for all of Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Argentina, <a href="/wiki/Fox_Sports_(Argentina)" title="Fox Sports (Argentina)">Fox Sports</a> carries 5 regular season games per week and post-season games that belong to the league that broadcasts its American namesake (including the Wild Card Series). </p><p>In Venezuela, since the 2016 season the cable channel IVC has the broadcast rights, they currently air 7 games per week.<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting with the 2022 season, <a href="/wiki/Televen" title="Televen">Televen</a> broadcasts two games a week and the postseason on free-to-air TV<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <a href="/wiki/Venevisi%C3%B3n" title="Venevisión">Venevisión</a>, starting with the 2023 season, would return with the space "El Juego de la Semana" that carries a game every Sunday and non-working days on free-to-air television.<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Dominican Republic since 2009 <a href="/wiki/Altice_Dominicana_S.A." title="Altice Dominicana S.A.">Grupo Altice</a> has broadcast the entire regular season, playoffs and World Series through pay TV while on free-to-air television and radio Grupo Corripio airs 7 games per week and the entire postseason.<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Spain, <a href="/wiki/Movistar_Plus%2B" title="Movistar Plus+">Movistar Plus+</a> has the rights to broadcast the entire season, including one game daily, and the postseason, covering all games in the championship series and all games in the World Series.<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel 5 (UK)">Channel 5</a> in the United Kingdom previously screened MLB games, including the All-Star Game and the <a href="/wiki/Mlb#Postseason" class="mw-redirect" title="Mlb">postseason</a> games, on Sunday and Wednesday usually starting at 1 a.m. <a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">BST</a>. Most recently, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Gould" class="mw-redirect" title="Johnny Gould">Johnny Gould</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josh_Chetwynd" title="Josh Chetwynd">Josh Chetwynd</a> presented <i><a href="/wiki/MLB_on_Five" title="MLB on Five">MLB on Five</a></i> on that station.<sup id="cite_ref-five_236-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-five-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The channel covered baseball beginning on its opening night in 1997, but for financial reasons, the decision was made not to pick up MLB for the 2009 season.<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/BT_Sport_ESPN" class="mw-redirect" title="BT Sport ESPN">BT Sport ESPN</a> show live and recorded games several times a week—it is available with <a href="/wiki/BT_Sport" class="mw-redirect" title="BT Sport">BT Sport</a> and (on a subscriber-basis) <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media#Virgin_TV" title="Virgin Media">Virgin Media</a> in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/ESPN_America" title="ESPN America">ESPN America</a> televised many games in the UK and dozens of other countries; in May 2013, ESPN announced that it would shut down the channel on July 31, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Spy_239-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spy-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Suspend_240-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suspend-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Australia, MLB games are regularly shown on <a href="/wiki/ESPN_Australia" title="ESPN Australia">ESPN Australia</a> (subscription).<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Middle East, North Africa and France, MLB games are broadcast on <a href="/wiki/BeIN_Sports_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="BeIN Sports Arabia">beIN Sports</a> channels.<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Germany, Austria and Switzerland as many as 500 MLB games will be broadcast from 2022 exclusively on the <a href="/wiki/Sport1_(Germany)" title="Sport1 (Germany)">Sport1</a> platforms until 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Hungary, MLB games are broadcast on <a href="/wiki/Sport1_(Eastern_Europe)" title="Sport1 (Eastern Europe)">Sport1</a> as of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Baseball.svg/28px-Baseball.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Baseball.svg/42px-Baseball.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Baseball.svg/56px-Baseball.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="520" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Baseball" title="Portal:Baseball">Baseball portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Baseball_League" title="Australian Baseball League">Australian Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_Assistance_Team" title="Baseball Assistance Team">Baseball Assistance Team</a> (B.A.T.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_in_Canada" title="Baseball in Canada">Baseball in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_in_the_United_States" title="Baseball in the United States">Baseball in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Feller_Act_of_Valor_Award" title="Bob Feller Act of Valor Award">Bob Feller Act of Valor Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Major_League_Baseball_and_Nippon_Professional_Baseball" title="Comparison of Major League Baseball and Nippon Professional Baseball">Comparison of Major League Baseball and Nippon Professional Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_all-time_Major_League_Baseball_win%E2%80%93loss_records" title="List of all-time Major League Baseball win–loss records">List of all-time Major League Baseball win–loss records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_and_Canadian_cities_by_number_of_major_professional_sports_franchises" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American and Canadian cities by number of major professional sports franchises">List of American and Canadian cities by number of major professional sports franchises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Major_League_Baseball_stadiums" title="List of current Major League Baseball stadiums">List of current Major League Baseball stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_Major_League_Baseball_stadiums" title="List of former Major League Baseball stadiums">List of former Major League Baseball stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_awards" title="List of Major League Baseball awards">List of Major League Baseball awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_managers" title="List of Major League Baseball managers">List of Major League Baseball managers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_retired_numbers" title="List of Major League Baseball retired numbers">List of Major League Baseball retired numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_spring_training_ballparks" title="List of Major League Baseball spring training ballparks">List of Major League Baseball spring training ballparks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_professional_sports_leagues" title="List of professional sports leagues">List of professional sports leagues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_professional_sports_teams_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="List of professional sports teams in the United States and Canada">List of professional sports teams in the United States and Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_attendance_records" class="mw-redirect" title="Major League Baseball attendance records">Major League Baseball attendance records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="Major League Baseball draft">Major League Baseball draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Industry_Growth_Fund" title="MLB Industry Growth Fund">MLB Industry Growth Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Professional_Baseball" title="Nippon Professional Baseball">Nippon Professional Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reviving_Baseball_in_Inner_Cities" title="Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities">Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In this context, "major leagues" narrowly refers to the National League and American League; for other leagues considered major at various times, see discussion of <a href="#Other_recognized_leagues">other recognized leagues</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-a-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ABC does not regularly broadcast MLB regular season games on TV, though it does carry some postseason games<sup id="cite_ref-ESPN2021_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESPN2021-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Rays" title="Tampa Bay Rays">Tampa Bay Rays</a> will temporarily move to <a href="/wiki/George_M._Steinbrenner_Field" title="George M. Steinbrenner Field">George M. Steinbrenner Field</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2025_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2025 Major League Baseball season">2025</a> season after extensive damage done by <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Milton" title="Hurricane Milton">Hurricane Milton</a> to their current ballpark, <a href="/wiki/Tropicana_Field" title="Tropicana Field">Tropicana Field</a>, in <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg, Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-c_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-c_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Athletics_(baseball)" title="Athletics (baseball)">Athletics</a> <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics_relocation_to_Las_Vegas" title="Oakland Athletics relocation to Las Vegas">plan to move</a> to <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>, Nevada when their <a href="/wiki/New_Las_Vegas_Stadium" title="New Las Vegas Stadium">new stadium</a> is completed.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Athletics left <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Coliseum" title="Oakland Coliseum">Oakland Coliseum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a> following the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/2024_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2024 Major League Baseball season">2024 Major League Baseball season</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLangs2021" class="citation news cs1">Langs, Sarah (May 29, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/news/2-million-runs-scored-in-mlb">"Donaldson scores MLB's 2 millionth run"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/MLB_Advanced_Media" title="MLB Advanced Media">MLB Advanced Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212641/https://www.mlb.com/news/2-million-runs-scored-in-mlb">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2022</span>. <q>Official Zhupailin's dad major history dates to 1876, when the National League began play. According to research by MLB's official historian, John Thorn, the first run came on April 22 of that year – in the first game of the season, between the Boston Red Stockings, now the Braves, and the Philadelphia Athletics.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=Donaldson+scores+MLB%27s+2+millionth+run&rft.date=2021-05-29&rft.aulast=Langs&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fnews%2F2-million-runs-scored-in-mlb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/whitesox/history/timeline">"Franchise Timeline"</a>. <i>WhiteSox.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/MLB_Advanced_Media" title="MLB Advanced Media">MLB Advanced Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701111641/https://www.mlb.com/whitesox/history/timeline">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WhiteSox.com&rft.atitle=Franchise+Timeline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fwhitesox%2Fhistory%2Ftimeline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MLBCommissioner-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MLBCommissioner_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MLBCommissioner_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MLBCommissioner_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com">"The Commissionership: A Historical Perspective"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/MLB_Advanced_Media" title="MLB Advanced Media">MLB Advanced Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160728195649/http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_history_people.jsp?story=com">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2016</span>. <q>The strength of the American League grew as an increasing number of National League players opted for the higher salaries offered by the new association. Faced with the prospect of losing many of its best players, the NL chose peace and declared the AL its equal in 1903. This led to a new National Agreement and the birth of the World Series. The American and National Leagues were established as major leagues and all other associations comprised the minor leagues, which fell under the jurisdiction of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=The+Commissionership%3A+A+Historical+Perspective&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlb.mlb.com%2Fmlb%2Fhistory%2Fmlb_history_people.jsp%3Fstory%3Dcom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChass1999" class="citation news cs1">Chass, Murray (September 16, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/16/sports/baseball-league-presidents-out-as-baseball-centralizes.html">"BASEBALL; League Presidents Out As Baseball Centralizes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211206193642/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/16/sports/baseball-league-presidents-out-as-baseball-centralizes.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=BASEBALL%3B+League+Presidents+Out+As+Baseball+Centralizes&rft.date=1999-09-16&rft.aulast=Chass&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F09%2F16%2Fsports%2Fbaseball-league-presidents-out-as-baseball-centralizes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-manfred-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-manfred_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/official-information/commissioners/manfred">"Robert D. Manfred Jr., 10th Commissioner of Baseball, Elected: Jan. 25, 2015"</a>. <i>MLB.com</i>. MLB Advanced Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210311004833/https://www.mlb.com/official-information/commissioners/manfred">Archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=Robert+D.+Manfred+Jr.%2C+10th+Commissioner+of+Baseball%2C+Elected%3A+Jan.+25%2C+2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fofficial-information%2Fcommissioners%2Fmanfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mlb-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mlb_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/team">"MLB Team Contact Information"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i>. MLB Advanced Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181011064523/https://www.mlb.com/team">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=MLB+Team+Contact+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fteam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AboutMLB-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AboutMLB_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AboutMLB_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AboutMLB_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/official-information/about-mlb">"About MLB"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i>. MLB Advanced Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710113712/https://www.mlb.com/official-information/about-mlb">Archived</a> from the original on July 10, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=About+MLB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fofficial-information%2Fabout-mlb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/postseason/mlb_ws.jsp?feature=club_champs">"World Series History: Championships by Club"</a>. <i>MLB.com</i>. MLB Advanced Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080621075544/http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/postseason/mlb_ws.jsp?feature=club_champs">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=World+Series+History%3A+Championships+by+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlb.mlb.com%2Fmlb%2Fhistory%2Fpostseason%2Fmlb_ws.jsp%3Ffeature%3Dclub_champs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESPN2021-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ESPN2021_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESPN2021_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2021" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Hughes, Katie (May 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://espnpressroom.com/us/press-releases/2021/05/the-walt-disney-company-espn-and-major-league-baseball-reach-long-term-rights-extension-for-fully-exclusive-marquee-schedule/">"The Walt Disney Company, ESPN and Major League Baseball Reach Long-Term Rights Extension for Fully Exclusive, Marquee Schedule"</a>. <i>ESPNPressroom.com</i> (Press release)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Walt+Disney+Company%2C+ESPN+and+Major+League+Baseball+Reach+Long-Term+Rights+Extension+for+Fully+Exclusive%2C+Marquee+Schedule&rft.date=2021-05-13&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fespnpressroom.com%2Fus%2Fpress-releases%2F2021%2F05%2Fthe-walt-disney-company-espn-and-major-league-baseball-reach-long-term-rights-extension-for-fully-exclusive-marquee-schedule%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/press-release/press-release-mlb-announces-2022-postseason-schedule">"MLB announces 2022 postseason schedule"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/MLB_Advanced_Media" title="MLB Advanced Media">MLB Advanced Media</a>. August 15, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MLB+announces+2022+postseason+schedule&rft.pub=MLB+Advanced+Media&rft.date=2022-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fpress-release%2Fpress-release-mlb-announces-2022-postseason-schedule&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/live-stream-games/national-broadcast-schedule">"2022 National Broadcast Schedule"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/MLB_Advanced_Media" title="MLB Advanced Media">MLB Advanced Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701111642/https://www.mlb.com/schedule">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=2022+National+Broadcast+Schedule&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Flive-stream-games%2Fnational-broadcast-schedule&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/press-release/press-release-apple-and-major-league-baseball-announce-first-12-weeks-of-friday-?t=mlb-press-releases">"Apple and Major League Baseball announce first 12 weeks of "Friday Night Baseball" doubleheader schedule beginning April 8"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/MLB_Advanced_Media" title="MLB Advanced Media">MLB Advanced Media</a>. March 29, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+and+Major+League+Baseball+announce+first+12+weeks+of+%22Friday+Night+Baseball%22+doubleheader+schedule+beginning+April+8&rft.pub=MLB+Advanced+Media&rft.date=2022-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fpress-release%2Fpress-release-apple-and-major-league-baseball-announce-first-12-weeks-of-friday-%3Ft%3Dmlb-press-releases&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apple_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apple_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2022/03/apple-and-major-league-baseball-to-offer-friday-night-baseball/">"Apple and Major League Baseball to offer "Friday Night Baseball"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Apple Newsroom</i>. March 8, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220308180834/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2022/03/apple-and-major-league-baseball-to-offer-friday-night-baseball/">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apple+Newsroom&rft.atitle=Apple+and+Major+League+Baseball+to+offer+%22Friday+Night+Baseball%22&rft.date=2022-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2022%2F03%2Fapple-and-major-league-baseball-to-offer-friday-night-baseball%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MLBSundayLeadoff2024-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MLBSundayLeadoff2024_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MLBSundayLeadoff2024_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/press-release/press-release-roku-lands-exclusive-rights-to-major-league-baseball-sunday-leadoff">"Roku lands exclusive rights to Major League Baseball Sunday Leadoff"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/MLB_Advanced_Media" title="MLB Advanced Media">MLB Advanced Media</a>. May 13, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roku+lands+exclusive+rights+to+Major+League+Baseball+Sunday+Leadoff&rft.pub=MLB+Advanced+Media&rft.date=2024-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fpress-release%2Fpress-release-roku-lands-exclusive-rights-to-major-league-baseball-sunday-leadoff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roku-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Roku_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roku_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roku_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsroom.roku.com/news/2024/05/roku-lands-exclusive-rights-to-major-league-baseball-sunday-leadoff/tetn-dag-1715620860">"Roku Lands Exclusive Rights to Major League Baseball Sunday Leadoff"</a>. <i>Roku.com</i> (Press release). Roku, Inc. May 13, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roku+Lands+Exclusive+Rights+to+Major+League+Baseball+Sunday+Leadoff&rft.pub=Roku%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2024-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsroom.roku.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F05%2Froku-lands-exclusive-rights-to-major-league-baseball-sunday-leadoff%2Ftetn-dag-1715620860&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2000nl-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2000nl_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baseball-almanac.com/yearly/yr2000n.shtml">"Year In Review: 2000 National League"</a>. <i>Baseball-Almanac.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181009235720/http://www.baseball-almanac.com/yearly/yr2000n.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Almanac.com&rft.atitle=Year+In+Review%3A+2000+National+League&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-almanac.com%2Fyearly%2Fyr2000n.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChass1999" class="citation news cs1">Chass, Murray (September 16, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/16/sports/baseball-league-presidents-out-as-baseball-centralizes.html">"BASEBALL; League Presidents Out As Baseball Centralizes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180619063315/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/16/sports/baseball-league-presidents-out-as-baseball-centralizes.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=BASEBALL%3B+League+Presidents+Out+As+Baseball+Centralizes&rft.date=1999-09-16&rft.aulast=Chass&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F09%2F16%2Fsports%2Fbaseball-league-presidents-out-as-baseball-centralizes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urlReport:_MLB_revenue_for_2019_season_a_record_$10.7_billion-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urlReport:_MLB_revenue_for_2019_season_a_record_$10.7_billion_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2019" class="citation web cs1">Young, Jabari (December 22, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/22/report-mlb-revenue-for-2019-season-a-record-10point7-billion.html">"Major League Baseball revenue for 2019 season hits a record $10.7 billion"</a>. <i>CNBC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200618083221/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/22/report-mlb-revenue-for-2019-season-a-record-10point7-billion.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Major+League+Baseball+revenue+for+2019+season+hits+a+record+%2410.7+billion&rft.date=2019-12-22&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Jabari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2019%2F12%2F22%2Freport-mlb-revenue-for-2019-season-a-record-10point7-billion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-url11_Most_Profitable_Sports_Leagues_-_Their_Value_Will_Surprise_You_-_Athletic_Panda_Sports_Editors-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-url11_Most_Profitable_Sports_Leagues_-_Their_Value_Will_Surprise_You_-_Athletic_Panda_Sports_Editors_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200618080533/https://apsportseditors.org/others/most-profitable-sports-leagues/">"11 Most Profitable Sports Leagues – Their Value Will Surprise You – Athletic Panda Sports Editors"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apsportseditors.org/others/most-profitable-sports-leagues/">the original</a> on June 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=11+Most+Profitable+Sports+Leagues+%E2%80%93+Their+Value+Will+Surprise+You+%E2%80%93+Athletic+Panda+Sports+Editors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapsportseditors.org%2Fothers%2Fmost-profitable-sports-leagues%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urlwww.sap.com-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urlwww.sap.com_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200625112215/https://www.sap.com/bin/sapdxc/inm/attachment.2859/pitch-deck.pdf">"www.sap.com"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sap.com/bin/sapdxc/inm/attachment.2859/pitch-deck.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=www.sap.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sap.com%2Fbin%2Fsapdxc%2Finm%2Fattachment.2859%2Fpitch-deck.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/mlb-attendance-70-million-a02aacf9a85cb44c9dee83e0e81e5ccd">"MLB draws 70.75 million fans, first time over 70 million since 2017"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. October 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=MLB+draws+70.75+million+fans%2C+first+time+over+70+million+since+2017&rft.date=2023-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fmlb-attendance-70-million-a02aacf9a85cb44c9dee83e0e81e5ccd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080724175805/http://www.1869reds.com/history">"Legend of the Cincinnati Red Stockings"</a>. <i>1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings Vintage Base Ball Team</i>. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1869reds.com/history/">the original</a> on July 24, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1869+Cincinnati+Red+Stockings+Vintage+Base+Ball+Team&rft.atitle=Legend+of+the+Cincinnati+Red+Stockings&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1869reds.com%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-base_ball-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-base_ball_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/404475/National-Association-of-Professional-Base-Ball-Players">"National Association of Professional Base Ball Players"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090116024945/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/404475/National-Association-of-Professional-Base-Ball-Players">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Association+of+Professional+Base+Ball+Players&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F404475%2FNational-Association-of-Professional-Base-Ball-Players&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rader-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rader_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRader2008" class="citation book cs1">Rader, Benjamin (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6jplRWwEmVIC&q=nabbp+baseball&pg=PA27"><i>Baseball: A History of America's Game</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Press" title="University of Illinois Press">University of Illinois Press</a>. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-07550-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-07550-6"><bdi>978-0-252-07550-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701111640/https://books.google.com/books?id=6jplRWwEmVIC&q=nabbp+baseball&pg=PA27">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baseball%3A+A+History+of+America%27s+Game&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-252-07550-6&rft.aulast=Rader&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6jplRWwEmVIC%26q%3Dnabbp%2Bbaseball%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spatz-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spatz_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpatz2012" class="citation book cs1">Spatz, Lyle (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ViiCha8LoBgC&q=cubs+braves+napbbp&pg=PA236"><i>Historical Dictionary of Baseball</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarecrow Press">Scarecrow Press</a>. p. 236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7954-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7954-6"><bdi>978-0-8108-7954-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701111642/https://books.google.com/books?id=ViiCha8LoBgC&q=cubs+braves+napbbp&pg=PA236">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Baseball&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7954-6&rft.aulast=Spatz&rft.aufirst=Lyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DViiCha8LoBgC%26q%3Dcubs%2Bbraves%2Bnapbbp%26pg%3DPA236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1876/04221876.htm">Events of Saturday, April 22, 1876</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713200303/http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1876/04221876.htm">Archived</a> July 13, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrosheet. Retrieved September 30, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/12/07/100290589.pdf">"War that Crippled National League: Ban Johnson's Campaign Swept Star Players Out of the Old Organization"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. December 7, 1913<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=War+that+Crippled+National+League%3A+Ban+Johnson%27s+Campaign+Swept+Star+Players+Out+of+the+Old+Organization&rft.date=1913-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1913%2F12%2F07%2F100290589.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hotel-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hotel_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milb.com/milb/history/">"Minor League Baseball History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MiLB.com" class="mw-redirect" title="MiLB.com">MiLB.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180927133319/http://www.milb.com/milb/history/">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Minor+League+Baseball+History&rft.pub=MiLB.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milb.com%2Fmilb%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nabpl-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nabpl_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://roadsidephotos.sabr.org/baseball/1903NatAgree.htm">"1903 National Agreement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Baseball_Research" title="Society for American Baseball Research">Society for American Baseball Research</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180201020524/http://roadsidephotos.sabr.org/baseball/1903NatAgree.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1903+National+Agreement&rft.pub=Society+for+American+Baseball+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Froadsidephotos.sabr.org%2Fbaseball%2F1903NatAgree.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184435/https://www.artvoice.com/2020/12/16/major-league-baseball-finally-elevates-the-negro-leagues-to-major-league-officially-recognizing-their-statistical-records/">"Major League Baseball finally elevates the Negro Leagues to "Major League" officially recognizing their statistical records"</a>. <i>artvoice.com</i>. December 16, 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artvoice.com/2020/12/16/major-league-baseball-finally-elevates-the-negro-leagues-to-major-league-officially-recognizing-their-statistical-records/">the original</a> on July 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=artvoice.com&rft.atitle=Major+League+Baseball+finally+elevates+the+Negro+Leagues+to+%22Major+League%22+officially+recognizing+their+statistical+records&rft.date=2020-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artvoice.com%2F2020%2F12%2F16%2Fmajor-league-baseball-finally-elevates-the-negro-leagues-to-major-league-officially-recognizing-their-statistical-records%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retrosheet.org/chronology.htm">"Team Chronology"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Retrosheet" title="Retrosheet">Retrosheet</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183016/https://www.retrosheet.org/chronology.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retrosheet&rft.atitle=Team+Chronology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retrosheet.org%2Fchronology.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-union-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-union_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilver,_Nate2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nate_Silver" title="Nate Silver">Silver, Nate</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071212060727/http://www.baseballprospectus.com/unfiltered/?p=324">"NerdFight: League Quality Adjustments"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Prospectus" title="Baseball Prospectus">Baseball Prospectus</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baseballprospectus.com/unfiltered/?p=324">the original</a> on December 12, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NerdFight%3A+League+Quality+Adjustments&rft.pub=Baseball+Prospectus&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Silver%2C+Nate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseballprospectus.com%2Funfiltered%2F%3Fp%3D324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/press-release/press-release-mlb-officially-designates-the-negro-leagues-as-major-league">"MLB officially designates the Negro Leagues as 'Major League'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>MLB.com</i> (Press release). Major League Baseball. December 16, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MLB+officially+designates+the+Negro+Leagues+as+%27Major+League%27&rft.pub=Major+League+Baseball&rft.date=2020-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fpress-release%2Fpress-release-mlb-officially-designates-the-negro-leagues-as-major-league&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/negro-leagues-are-major-leagues.shtml">"The Negro Leagues Are Major Leagues"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Baseball-Reference.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball-Reference.com">Baseball-Reference.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230301011018/https://www.baseball-reference.com/negro-leagues-are-major-leagues.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=The+Negro+Leagues+Are+Major+Leagues&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fnegro-leagues-are-major-leagues.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastrovince2024" class="citation news cs1">Castrovince, Anthony (May 29, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/news/faq-negro-leagues-stats-major-league-record">"What to know about Negro Leagues stats entering MLB record"</a>. <i>MLB.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=What+to+know+about+Negro+Leagues+stats+entering+MLB+record&rft.date=2024-05-29&rft.aulast=Castrovince&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Ffaq-negro-leagues-stats-major-league-record&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McNeil-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McNeil_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNeil2006" class="citation book cs1">McNeil, William (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6ODvYhwnhn0C&q=deadball+era+yarn&pg=PA60"><i>The Evolution of Pitching in Major League Baseball</i></a>. McFarland. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-2468-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-2468-0"><bdi>0-7864-2468-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701111718/https://books.google.com/books?id=6ODvYhwnhn0C&q=deadball+era+yarn&pg=PA60">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+Pitching+in+Major+League+Baseball&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7864-2468-0&rft.aulast=McNeil&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6ODvYhwnhn0C%26q%3Ddeadball%2Bera%2Byarn%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keating-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Keating_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeating" class="citation news cs1">Keating, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110918184533/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2006/05/07/the_game_that_ruth_built/">"The game that Ruth built"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boston.com" title="Boston.com">Boston.com</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2006/05/07/the_game_that_ruth_built/">the original</a> on September 18, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+game+that+Ruth+built&rft.aulast=Keating&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fglobe%2Fideas%2Farticles%2F2006%2F05%2F07%2Fthe_game_that_ruth_built%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Okrent, Harris Lewine, David Nemec (2000) "The Ultimate Baseball Book", Houghton Mifflin Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-618-05668-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-618-05668-8">0-618-05668-8</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mAbGN_1cmhcC&pg=PA33&dq=">"inside+baseball" p. 33</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701111641/https://books.google.com/books?id=mAbGN_1cmhcC&pg=PA33&dq=">Archived</a> July 1, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolomon1999" class="citation book cs1">Solomon, Burt (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ooF5NtRmJbwC"><i>Where They Ain't: The Fabled Life And Untimely Death Of The Original Baltimore Orioles</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-85917-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-85917-3"><bdi>0-684-85917-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701112619/https://books.google.com/books?id=ooF5NtRmJbwC">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Where+They+Ain%27t%3A+The+Fabled+Life+And+Untimely+Death+Of+The+Original+Baltimore+Orioles&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-684-85917-3&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Burt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DooF5NtRmJbwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lieb-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lieb_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLieb1955" class="citation book cs1">Lieb, Fred (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BahcUaZZebYC&q=%22baltimore+chop%22&pg=PA46"><i>The Baltimore Orioles: The History of a Colorful Team in Baltimore and St. Louis</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/SIU_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="SIU Press">SIU Press</a>. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8093-8972-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8093-8972-X"><bdi>0-8093-8972-X</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701112620/https://books.google.com/books?id=BahcUaZZebYC&q=%22baltimore+chop%22&pg=PA46">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baltimore+Orioles%3A+The+History+of+a+Colorful+Team+in+Baltimore+and+St.+Louis&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=SIU+Press&rft.date=1955&rft.isbn=0-8093-8972-X&rft.aulast=Lieb&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBahcUaZZebYC%26q%3D%2522baltimore%2Bchop%2522%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-almanac.com/rulechng.shtml">"MLB Rule Changes | Baseball Almanac"</a>. <i>www.baseball-almanac.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210222190730/https://www.baseball-almanac.com/rulechng.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.baseball-almanac.com&rft.atitle=MLB+Rule+Changes+%7C+Baseball+Almanac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-almanac.com%2Frulechng.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029184407/http://www.chicagohs.org/history/blacksox/blk3.html">"History Files – Chicago Black Sox: The Fix"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_History_Museum" title="Chicago History Museum">Chicago History Museum</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagohs.org/history/blacksox/blk3.html">the original</a> on October 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+Files+%E2%80%93+Chicago+Black+Sox%3A+The+Fix&rft.pub=Chicago+History+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagohs.org%2Fhistory%2Fblacksox%2Fblk3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140815042229/http://www.chicagohs.org/history/blacksox.html">"History Files – Chicago Black Sox"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_History_Museum" title="Chicago History Museum">Chicago History Museum</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagohs.org/history/blacksox.html">the original</a> on August 15, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+Files+%E2%80%93+Chicago+Black+Sox&rft.pub=Chicago+History+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagohs.org%2Fhistory%2Fblacksox.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/injury-report">"Injury Report"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i>. December 22, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210221230457/https://www.mlb.com/injury-report">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=Injury+Report&rft.date=2019-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Finjury-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Plaque-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Plaque_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/mlb/news/story?id=2818187">"Indians uncover lost Chapman plaque"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ESPN.com" title="ESPN.com">ESPN.com</a></i>. March 29, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102121340/http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/news/story?id=2818187">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=Indians+uncover+lost+Chapman+plaque&rft.date=2007-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fnews%2Fstory%3Fid%3D2818187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BR-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BR_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/NYY/">"New York Yankees: Team History and Encyclopedia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Baseball-Reference.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball-Reference.com">Baseball-Reference.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110406112352/http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/NYY/">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=New+York+Yankees%3A+Team+History+and+Encyclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fteams%2FNYY%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swat-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Swat_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNeil1997" class="citation book cs1">McNeil, William (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=inW5x6SDgkYC&q=babe+ruth+ned+williamson&pg=PA32"><i>The King of Swat: An Analysis of Baseball's Home Run Hitters from the Major, Minor, Negro, and Japanese Leagues</i></a>. McFarland. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-0362-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-0362-4"><bdi>0-7864-0362-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701112619/https://books.google.com/books?id=inW5x6SDgkYC&q=babe+ruth+ned+williamson&pg=PA32">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+King+of+Swat%3A+An+Analysis+of+Baseball%27s+Home+Run+Hitters+from+the+Major%2C+Minor%2C+Negro%2C+and+Japanese+Leagues&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-7864-0362-4&rft.aulast=McNeil&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DinW5x6SDgkYC%26q%3Dbabe%2Bruth%2Bned%2Bwilliamson%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Belson-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Belson_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelson2009" class="citation news cs1">Belson, Ken (January 6, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/07/sports/baseball/07depression.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0">"Apples for a Nickel, and Plenty of Empty Seats"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160608053635/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/07/sports/baseball/07depression.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Apples+for+a+Nickel%2C+and+Plenty+of+Empty+Seats&rft.date=2009-01-06&rft.aulast=Belson&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F01%2F07%2Fsports%2Fbaseball%2F07depression.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall%26_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-War-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-War_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTodd_AntonBill_Nowlin2008" class="citation book cs1">Todd Anton; Bill Nowlin, eds. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pYovAQAAQBAJ&q=baseball+world+war+II"><i>When Baseball Went to War</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Books" title="Triumph Books">Triumph Books</a>. pp. 7–9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60078-126-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60078-126-1"><bdi>978-1-60078-126-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701114648/https://books.google.com/books?id=pYovAQAAQBAJ&q=baseball+world+war+II">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Baseball+Went+to+War&rft.pages=7-9&rft.pub=Triumph+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-60078-126-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpYovAQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dbaseball%2Bworld%2Bwar%2BII&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martin-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Martin_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Martin_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2008" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Alfred (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FV0uF_RwC00C&q=negro+leagues+world+war+II&pg=PA104"><i>The Negro Leagues in New Jersey: A History</i></a>. McFarland. pp. 104–105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5192-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5192-0"><bdi>978-0-7864-5192-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701112711/https://books.google.com/books?id=FV0uF_RwC00C&q=negro+leagues+world+war+II&pg=PA104">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Negro+Leagues+in+New+Jersey%3A+A+History&rft.pages=104-105&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-5192-0&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFV0uF_RwC00C%26q%3Dnegro%2Bleagues%2Bworld%2Bwar%2BII%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roosevelt, Franklin. "Green Light Letter". January 15, 1942.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weintraub-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weintraub_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeintraub2013" class="citation web cs1">Weintraub, Robert (April 2, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/sports/sports_nut/2013/04/baseball_in_world_war_ii_the_amazing_story_of_the_u_s_military_s_integrated.html">"Three Reichs, You're Out"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slate.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Slate.com">Slate.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131120020054/http://www.slate.com/articles/sports/sports_nut/2013/04/baseball_in_world_war_ii_the_amazing_story_of_the_u_s_military_s_integrated.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Three+Reichs%2C+You%27re+Out&rft.pub=Slate.com&rft.date=2013-04-02&rft.aulast=Weintraub&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Fsports%2Fsports_nut%2F2013%2F04%2Fbaseball_in_world_war_ii_the_amazing_story_of_the_u_s_military_s_integrated.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130628015406/http://www.jackierobinson.org/about/jackie.php">"The Jackie Robinson Foundation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson_Foundation" title="Jackie Robinson Foundation">Jackie Robinson Foundation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jackierobinson.org/about/jackie.php">the original</a> on June 28, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Jackie+Robinson+Foundation&rft.pub=Jackie+Robinson+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jackierobinson.org%2Fabout%2Fjackie.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/leo-durocher/">"Leo Durocher"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Baseball_Research" title="Society for American Baseball Research">Society for American Baseball Research</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130526093444/http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/35d925c7">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leo+Durocher&rft.pub=Society+for+American+Baseball+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsabr.org%2Fbioproj%2Fperson%2Fleo-durocher%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newman-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newman_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman2007" class="citation web cs1">Newman, Mark (April 13, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090407050137/http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20070412&content_id=1895445&vkey=perspectives&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb">"1947: A time for change"</a>. <i>MLB.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20070412&content_id=1895445&vkey=perspectives&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb">the original</a> on April 7, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=1947%3A+A+time+for+change&rft.date=2007-04-13&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlb.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.jsp%3Fymd%3D20070412%26content_id%3D1895445%26vkey%3Dperspectives%26fext%3D.jsp%26c_id%3Dmlb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ROY-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ROY_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Rookie of the Year Awards & Rolaids Relief Award Winners</i>. <a href="/wiki/Baseball-Reference.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball-Reference.com">Baseball-Reference.com</a>. Retrieved November 24, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doby-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Doby_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Doby was AL's first African-American player</i>. <a href="/wiki/ESPN_Classic" title="ESPN Classic">ESPN Classic</a>. June 26, 2003. Retrieved November 24, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Finkelman-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Finkelman_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkelman2008" class="citation book cs1">Finkelman, Paul, ed. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6gbQHxb_P0QC&q=dodgers+black+players&pg=PA145"><i>Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: From the Age of Segregation to the Twenty-First Century, Volume 1</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516779-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516779-5"><bdi>978-0-19-516779-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701113124/https://books.google.com/books?id=6gbQHxb_P0QC&q=dodgers+black+players&pg=PA145">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+African+American+History%2C+1896+to+the+Present%3A+From+the+Age+of+Segregation+to+the+Twenty-First+Century%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-516779-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6gbQHxb_P0QC%26q%3Ddodgers%2Bblack%2Bplayers%26pg%3DPA145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bleacherreport.com/articles/848071-are-women-the-next-demographic-to-integrate-into-major-league-baseball">"Are Women the Next Demographic to Integrate into Major League Baseball?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bleacher_Report" title="Bleacher Report">Bleacher Report</a></i>. September 13, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150213192435/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/848071-are-women-the-next-demographic-to-integrate-into-major-league-baseball">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bleacher+Report&rft.atitle=Are+Women+the+Next+Demographic+to+Integrate+into+Major+League+Baseball%3F&rft.date=2011-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbleacherreport.com%2Farticles%2F848071-are-women-the-next-demographic-to-integrate-into-major-league-baseball&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071204185637/http://web.baseballhalloffame.org/news/article.jsp?ymd=20071203&content_id=5714&vkey=hof_pr">"Veterans elect five into Hall of Fame: Two managers, three executives comprise Class of 2008"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum</a>. December 3, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.baseballhalloffame.org/news/article.jsp?ymd=20071203&content_id=5714&vkey=hof_pr">the original</a> on December 4, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Veterans+elect+five+into+Hall+of+Fame%3A+Two+managers%2C+three+executives+comprise+Class+of+2008&rft.pub=National+Baseball+Hall+of+Fame+and+Museum&rft.date=2007-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.baseballhalloffame.org%2Fnews%2Farticle.jsp%3Fymd%3D20071203%26content_id%3D5714%26vkey%3Dhof_pr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FYOL-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FYOL_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FYOL_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2009" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Robert (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aftermanysummerp0000murp"><i>After many a summer: the passing of the Giants and Dodgers and a golden age in New York baseball</i></a>. New York: Sterling. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4027-6068-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4027-6068-6"><bdi>978-1-4027-6068-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+many+a+summer%3A+the+passing+of+the+Giants+and+Dodgers+and+a+golden+age+in+New+York+baseball&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Sterling&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4027-6068-6&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faftermanysummerp0000murp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512003338/http://www.ballparkwatch.com/stadiums/past/metropolitan_stadium.htm">"Metropolitan Stadium / Minnesota Twins / 1961–1981"</a>. <i>Ballpark Digest</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ballpark+Digest&rft.atitle=Metropolitan+Stadium+%2F+Minnesota+Twins+%2F+1961%E2%80%931981&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballparkwatch.com%2Fstadiums%2Fpast%2Fmetropolitan_stadium.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WiW-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WiW_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WiW_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WiW_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114084212/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,868429,00.html">"Walter in Wonderland"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 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(April 4, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbssports.com/mlb/news/as-officially-leaving-oakland-after-2024-will-play-in-sacramento-through-2027-until-vegas-stadium-is-ready/">"A's officially leaving Oakland after 2024, will play in Sacramento through 2027 until Vegas stadium is ready"</a>. <i>CBS Sports</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+Sports&rft.atitle=A%27s+officially+leaving+Oakland+after+2024%2C+will+play+in+Sacramento+through+2027+until+Vegas+stadium+is+ready&rft.date=2024-04-04&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft.au=Anderson%2C+R.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbssports.com%2Fmlb%2Fnews%2Fas-officially-leaving-oakland-after-2024-will-play-in-sacramento-through-2027-until-vegas-stadium-is-ready%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerg2017" class="citation web cs1">Berg, Ted (April 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftw.usatoday.com/2017/04/mlb-original-constitution-national-league-base-ball-sale-auction">"Someone is selling MLB's original 1876 constitution, and it's expected to fetch millions"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170822223049/http://ftw.usatoday.com/2017/04/mlb-original-constitution-national-league-base-ball-sale-auction">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Someone+is+selling+MLB%27s+original+1876+constitution%2C+and+it%27s+expected+to+fetch+millions&rft.date=2017-04-21&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fftw.usatoday.com%2F2017%2F04%2Fmlb-original-constitution-national-league-base-ball-sale-auction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelth2001" class="citation web cs1">Belth, Alex (November 26, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseballprospectus.com/news/article/1286/ending-baseballs-antitrust-exemption-what-would-it-mean/">"Ending Baseball's Antitrust Exemption: What Would It Mean?"</a>. <i>Baseball Prospectus</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110181611/https://www.baseballprospectus.com/news/article/1286/ending-baseballs-antitrust-exemption-what-would-it-mean/">Archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2021</span>. <q>Baseball is the only major sport that has an exemption from antitrust law.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball+Prospectus&rft.atitle=Ending+Baseball%27s+Antitrust+Exemption%3A+What+Would+It+Mean%3F&rft.date=2001-11-26&rft.aulast=Belth&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseballprospectus.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F1286%2Fending-baseballs-antitrust-exemption-what-would-it-mean%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalcaterra2019" class="citation web cs1">Calcaterra, Craig (May 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mlb.nbcsports.com/2019/05/29/happy-birthday-to-baseballs-antitrust-exemption/">"Happy birthday to baseball's antitrust exemption"</a>. <i>NBC Sports</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110181610/https://mlb.nbcsports.com/2019/05/29/happy-birthday-to-baseballs-antitrust-exemption/">Archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2021</span>. <q>What is still in place, firmly, is Major League Baseball's ability to work to thwart competitors, if any ever arise, and its ability to carve out protected geographic territories for its clubs and anti-competitive contract rights for its clubs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+Sports&rft.atitle=Happy+birthday+to+baseball%27s+antitrust+exemption&rft.date=2019-05-29&rft.aulast=Calcaterra&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmlb.nbcsports.com%2F2019%2F05%2F29%2Fhappy-birthday-to-baseballs-antitrust-exemption%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Policy_Debate:_Should_the_antitrust_exemption_for_baseball_be_eliminated?-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Policy_Debate:_Should_the_antitrust_exemption_for_baseball_be_eliminated?_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Policy_Debate:_Should_the_antitrust_exemption_for_baseball_be_eliminated?_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Policy_Debate:_Should_the_antitrust_exemption_for_baseball_be_eliminated?_101-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swlearning.com/economics/policy_debates/baseball.html">"Policy Debate: Should the antitrust exemption for baseball be eliminated?"</a>. www.swlearning.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081006195750/http://www.swlearning.com/economics/policy_debates/baseball.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Policy+Debate%3A+Should+the+antitrust+exemption+for+baseball+be+eliminated%3F&rft.pub=www.swlearning.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swlearning.com%2Feconomics%2Fpolicy_debates%2Fbaseball.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607094652/http://www.thesportjournal.org/article/role-antitrust-laws-professional-sports-industry-financial-perspective">"The Role of Antitrust Laws in the Professional Sports Industry From a Financial Perspective"</a>. <i>Howard Bartee, Jr</i>. The Sport Journal. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesportjournal.org/article/role-antitrust-laws-professional-sports-industry-financial-perspective">the original</a> on June 7, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Howard+Bartee%2C+Jr&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Antitrust+Laws+in+the+Professional+Sports+Industry+From+a+Financial+Perspective&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesportjournal.org%2Farticle%2Frole-antitrust-laws-professional-sports-industry-financial-perspective&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/8023312/major-league-baseball-executive-jimmie-lee-solomon-resigns-21-years">"Manfred promoted; Jimmie Lee Solomon resigns"</a>. <i>ESPN</i>. June 7, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203040205/http://espn.go.com/mlb/story/_/id/8023312/major-league-baseball-executive-jimmie-lee-solomon-resigns-21-years">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESPN&rft.atitle=Manfred+promoted%3B+Jimmie+Lee+Solomon+resigns&rft.date=2012-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F8023312%2Fmajor-league-baseball-executive-jimmie-lee-solomon-resigns-21-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-execs-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-execs_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/about_mlb/executives.jsp">"MLB Executives"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i>. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321020038/https://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/official_info/about_mlb/executives.jsp">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=MLB+Executives&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlb.mlb.com%2Fmlb%2Fofficial_info%2Fabout_mlb%2Fexecutives.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.mlb.com/network">"MLB Network"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031173145/http://m.mlb.com/network">Archived</a> from the original on October 31, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=MLB+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.mlb.com%2Fnetwork&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.mlb.com/network/about/">"About MLB Network"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181012074733/http://m.mlb.com/network/about/">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=About+MLB+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.mlb.com%2Fnetwork%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Interleague-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Interleague_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=HjMfAAAAIBAJ&pg=2778,783864">"Interleague play ho-hum to some"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Spartanburg_Herald-Journal" title="Spartanburg Herald-Journal">Spartanburg Herald-Journal</a></i>. June 4, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419073021/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=HjMfAAAAIBAJ&pg=2778%2C783864">Archived</a> from the original on April 19, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spartanburg+Herald-Journal&rft.atitle=Interleague+play+ho-hum+to+some&rft.date=2000-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DHjMfAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2778%2C783864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050505095313/http://www.cincypost.com/sports/1997/brew110697.html">"Brewers switch leagues, join Reds in NL Central"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kentucky_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Kentucky Post">The Kentucky Post</a> (<a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>)</i>. November 6, 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cincypost.com/sports/1997/brew110697.html">the original</a> on May 5, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Kentucky+Post+%28Associated+Press%29&rft.atitle=Brewers+switch+leagues%2C+join+Reds+in+NL+Central&rft.date=1997-11-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cincypost.com%2Fsports%2F1997%2Fbrew110697.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom2011" class="citation web cs1">Bloom, Barry M. (November 17, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150912113823/http://m.astros.mlb.com/news/article/25992120">"Sale of Astros to Jim Crane, move to American League in 2013 approved"</a>. <i>Astros.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/MLB_Advanced_Media" title="MLB Advanced Media">MLB Advanced Media</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.astros.mlb.com/news/article/25992120">the original</a> on September 12, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Astros.com&rft.atitle=Sale+of+Astros+to+Jim+Crane%2C+move+to+American+League+in+2013+approved&rft.date=2011-11-17&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Barry+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.astros.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F25992120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESPN-AstrosSale2011-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ESPN-AstrosSale2011_110-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESPN-AstrosSale2011_110-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESPN-AstrosSale2011_110-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">MLB required the Astros to accept this move as a condition of approving their sale to <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crane" title="Jim Crane">Jim Crane</a>.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/7246443/houston-astros-sale-approved-mlb">"Astros' sale finalized; 2 more for playoffs"</a>. <i>ESPN</i>. Associated Press. November 17, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120410031253/http://espn.go.com/mlb/story/_/id/7246443/houston-astros-sale-approved-mlb">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESPN&rft.atitle=Astros%27+sale+finalized%3B+2+more+for+playoffs&rft.date=2011-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F7246443%2Fhouston-astros-sale-approved-mlb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DHRule-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DHRule_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DHRule_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.mlb.com/glossary/rules/designated-hitter-rule">"Designated Hitter Rule"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/MLB_Advanced_Media" title="MLB Advanced Media">MLB Advanced Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180222104930/http://m.mlb.com/glossary/rules/designated-hitter-rule">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=Designated+Hitter+Rule&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.mlb.com%2Fglossary%2Frules%2Fdesignated-hitter-rule&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamson" class="citation news cs1">Adamson, Scott. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203014147/http://www.independentmail.com/news/2011/jul/01/nothing-more-irritating-playing-one-set-rules-one/">"Nothing more irritating than playing by one set of rules in one park and a different set in another"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Anderson_Independent-Mail" class="mw-redirect" title="The Anderson Independent-Mail">The Anderson Independent-Mail</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independentmail.com/news/2011/jul/01/nothing-more-irritating-playing-one-set-rules-one/">the original</a> on December 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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June 24, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210728102812/https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/mlb-ftx-cryptocurrency-sponsorship-first">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sportspromedia.com&rft.atitle=MLB+claims+crypto+first+with+FTX+sponsorship+deal+%E2%80%93+SportsPro+Media&rft.date=2021-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportspromedia.com%2Fnews%2Fmlb-ftx-cryptocurrency-sponsorship-first&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/news/mlb-ftx-cryptocurrency-exchange-partnership">"MLB, FTX cryptocurrency exchange partner"</a>. <i>MLB.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221119143706/https://www.mlb.com/news/mlb-ftx-cryptocurrency-exchange-partnership">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Front+Office+Sports&rft.atitle=You%27re+Out%21+MLB+Umps+Drop+FTX+Patches&rft.date=2022-12-29&rft.aulast=Byers&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontofficesports.com%2Fyoure-out-mlb-umps-drop-ftx-patches%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cactusleague.com/">"Cactus League"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921005903/http://www.cactusleague.com/">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=MLB%3A+Regular+Season&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlb.mlb.com%2Fmlb%2Fstandings%2Findex.jsp%3Ftcid%3Dmm_mlb_standings%2320130930&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/29/sports/baseball/29bats.html">"Rosters Expanded For the All-Star Game"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. April 28, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701054626/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/29/sports/baseball/29bats.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rosters+Expanded+For+the+All-Star+Game&rft.date=2010-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F04%2F29%2Fsports%2Fbaseball%2F29bats.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asgmenu-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-asgmenu_136-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asgmenu_136-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baseball-almanac.com/asgmenu.shtml">"All-Star Game History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Almanac" title="Baseball Almanac">Baseball Almanac</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000815082531/http://baseball-almanac.com/asgmenu.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All-Star+Game+History&rft.pub=Baseball+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaseball-almanac.com%2Fasgmenu.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman2006" class="citation web cs1">Newman, Mark (July 10, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140326102953/http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20060710&content_id=1550905&vkey=allstar2006&fext=.jsp">"All-Star MVP Awaits Your Vote"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20060710&content_id=1550905&vkey=allstar2006&fext=.jsp">the original</a> on March 26, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=All-Star+MVP+Awaits+Your+Vote&rft.date=2006-07-10&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlb.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.jsp%3Fymd%3D20060710%26content_id%3D1550905%26vkey%3Dallstar2006%26fext%3D.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baseball-almanac.com/awards/aw_mvpa.shtml">"All Star Game Most Valuable Player Award"</a>. Baseball Almanac<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+Star+Game+Most+Valuable+Player+Award&rft.pub=Baseball+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-almanac.com%2Fawards%2Faw_mvpa.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070611232615/http://www.hickoksports.com/history/mlballst.shtml">"Sports History: MLB All-Star Game"</a>. Hickocksports.com. July 12, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hickoksports.com/history/mlballst.shtml">the original</a> on June 11, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sports+History%3A+MLB+All-Star+Game&rft.pub=Hickocksports.com&rft.date=2007-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hickoksports.com%2Fhistory%2Fmlballst.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/2003_WS.shtml">"2003 World Series (4–2): Florida Marlins (91–71) over New York Yankees (101–61)"</a>. <i>baseball-reference.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112000815/https://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/2003_WS.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=baseball-reference.com&rft.atitle=2003+World+Series+%284%E2%80%932%29%3A+Florida+Marlins+%2891%E2%80%9371%29+over+New+York+Yankees+%28101%E2%80%9361%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fpostseason%2F2003_WS.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/2006_WS.shtml">"2006 World Series: St. Louis Cardinals over Detroit Tigers (4–1)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Baseball-Reference.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball-Reference.com">Baseball-Reference.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220429202725/https://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/2006_WS.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=2006+World+Series%3A+St.+Louis+Cardinals+over+Detroit+Tigers+%284%E2%80%931%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fpostseason%2F2006_WS.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WS_homefield-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WS_homefield_142-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WS_homefield_142-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN13R2OC/">"MLB changes World Series home-field format rules"</a>. <i>Reuters.com</i>. Reuters. December 2, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters.com&rft.atitle=MLB+changes+World+Series+home-field+format+rules&rft.date=2016-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUSKBN13R2OC%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_World_Series_and_Highlights_of_Baseball-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_World_Series_and_Highlights_of_Baseball_143-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamont1951" class="citation book cs1">Lamont, Buchanan (1951). <i>The World Series and Highlights of Baseball</i>. E. P. Dutton & Co. p. 120.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Series+and+Highlights+of+Baseball&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=E.+P.+Dutton+%26+Co.&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Lamont&rft.aufirst=Buchanan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baseball_uniforms_of_the_20th_century-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baseball_uniforms_of_the_20th_century_144-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkkonen1991" class="citation book cs1">Okkonen, Marc (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/baseballuniforms00okko/page/7"><i>Baseball uniforms of the 20th century: The official major league baseball guide</i></a>. Sterling Pub. Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/baseballuniforms00okko/page/7">7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8069-8490-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8069-8490-2"><bdi>978-0-8069-8490-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baseball+uniforms+of+the+20th+century%3A+The+official+major+league+baseball+guide&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Sterling+Pub.+Co.&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-8069-8490-2&rft.aulast=Okkonen&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbaseballuniforms00okko%2Fpage%2F7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry2022" class="citation web cs1">Perry, Dayn (October 5, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbssports.com/mlb/news/2022-mlb-playoffs-new-postseason-format-explained-and-why-there-are-no-more-game-163-tiebreakers/">"2022 MLB playoffs: New postseason format explained, and why there are no more Game 163 tiebreakers"</a>. <i>CBSSports.com</i>. CBS Interactive Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBSSports.com&rft.atitle=2022+MLB+playoffs%3A+New+postseason+format+explained%2C+and+why+there+are+no+more+Game+163+tiebreakers&rft.date=2022-10-05&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Dayn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbssports.com%2Fmlb%2Fnews%2F2022-mlb-playoffs-new-postseason-format-explained-and-why-there-are-no-more-game-163-tiebreakers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1784642-mlb-playoff-format-2013-tiebreak-scenarios-wild-card-games-and-seedings">"MLB Playoff Format 2013: Tiebreaker Scenarios, Wild Card Games and Seedings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bleacher_Report" title="Bleacher Report">Bleacher Report</a></i>. September 23, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131001165750/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1784642-mlb-playoff-format-2013-tiebreak-scenarios-wild-card-games-and-seedings">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bleacher+Report&rft.atitle=MLB+Playoff+Format+2013%3A+Tiebreaker+Scenarios%2C+Wild+Card+Games+and+Seedings&rft.date=2013-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbleacherreport.com%2Farticles%2F1784642-mlb-playoff-format-2013-tiebreak-scenarios-wild-card-games-and-seedings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-[[World_Series]]-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-[[World_Series]]_147-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a>, sec. 3.2.2 (Game-by-Game), note 2; as of 2008, the 1981 Los Angeles Dodgers are the last team to win a World Series after losing the first two games on the road.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alds-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alds_148-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080407202248/http://pressbox.mlb.com/pressbox/news/pressbox_story.jsp?ymd=20070514&content_id=1964536&vkey=pressbox&fext=.jsp">"Major League Baseball announces revamped postseason schedule"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i>. 2007. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=Major+League+Baseball+announces+revamped+postseason+schedule&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpressbox.mlb.com%2Fpressbox%2Fnews%2Fpressbox_story.jsp%3Fymd%3D20070514%26content_id%3D1964536%26vkey%3Dpressbox%26fext%3D.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanews.com/english/2005-03-03-voa35.cfm">"MLB, China Baseball League Team to Tour China", Mar. 3, 2005</a>. <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051004000615/http://www.voanews.com/english/2005-03-03-voa35.cfm">Archived</a> October 4, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2011/11/07/2003517672">"Resilient Taiwan drop All-Stars series finale 6–4"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180725122901/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2011/11/07/2003517672">Archived</a> July 25, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Taipei Times, November 7, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131103233953/http://seattle.mariners.mlb.com/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20110928&content_id=25337950&vkey=pr_sea&fext=.jsp&c_id=sea">"Seattle Mariners open 2012 season in Japan vs. Oakland Athletics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i>. September 28, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattle.mariners.mlb.com/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20110928&content_id=25337950&vkey=pr_sea&fext=.jsp&c_id=sea">the original</a> on November 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=Seattle+Mariners+open+2012+season+in+Japan+vs.+Oakland+Athletics&rft.date=2011-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseattle.mariners.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Fpress_releases%2Fpress_release.jsp%3Fymd%3D20110928%26content_id%3D25337950%26vkey%3Dpr_sea%26fext%3D.jsp%26c_id%3Dsea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarosh-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jarosh_152-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarosh2013" class="citation web cs1">Jarosh, Noah (October 13, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbnation.com/mlb/2013/10/13/4834222/mlb-all-star-tour-2014-korea-taiwan">"MLB exploring possible All-Star tour in Korea after 2014"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SBNation.com" class="mw-redirect" title="SBNation.com">SBNation.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131206021513/http://www.sbnation.com/mlb/2013/10/13/4834222/mlb-all-star-tour-2014-korea-taiwan">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MLB+exploring+possible+All-Star+tour+in+Korea+after+2014&rft.pub=SBNation.com&rft.date=2013-10-13&rft.aulast=Jarosh&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbnation.com%2Fmlb%2F2013%2F10%2F13%2F4834222%2Fmlb-all-star-tour-2014-korea-taiwan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton2014" class="citation news cs1">Burton, Rick (March 9, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/10/sports/baseball/australia-baseballs-diamond-in-rough.html?action=click&contentCollection=Baseball&region=Footer&module=MoreInSection&pgtype=article">"Australia, Baseball's Diamond in Rough"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140323075205/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/10/sports/baseball/australia-baseballs-diamond-in-rough.html?action=click&contentCollection=Baseball&region=Footer&module=MoreInSection&pgtype=article">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Australia%2C+Baseball%27s+Diamond+in+Rough&rft.date=2014-03-09&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F03%2F10%2Fsports%2Fbaseball%2Faustralia-baseballs-diamond-in-rough.html%3Faction%3Dclick%26contentCollection%3DBaseball%26region%3DFooter%26module%3DMoreInSection%26pgtype%3Darticle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20130910&content_id=60089280&c_id=ari">"D-backs' trip Down Under highlights '14 schedule: Arizona opens next season against Los Angeles at Sydney Cricket Ground"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i>. September 10, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131022201723/http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20130910&content_id=60089280&c_id=ari">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=D-backs%27+trip+Down+Under+highlights+%2714+schedule%3A+Arizona+opens+next+season+against+Los+Angeles+at+Sydney+Cricket+Ground&rft.date=2013-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlb.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.jsp%3Fymd%3D20130910%26content_id%3D60089280%26c_id%3Dari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner2019" class="citation news cs1">Wagner, James (June 30, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/30/sports/yankees-red-sox-london.html">"Yankees Leave London With 'Eye-Opening' Wins Over Red Sox"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221027001156/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/30/sports/yankees-red-sox-london.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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June 7, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105073000/http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/news/story?id=2474192">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=Players+suspended+under+baseball%27s+steroids+policy&rft.date=2006-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fnews%2Fstory%3Fid%3D2474192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESPNsteroids-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ESPNsteroids_159-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/mlb/topics/_/page/the-steroids-era">"The Steroids Era"</a>. <i>Espn.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131208003431/http://espn.go.com/mlb/topics/_/page/the-steroids-era">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wnbc.com/mikedup/4077510/detail.html">the original</a> on October 9, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MLB+Owners%2C+Players+Reach+Deal+On+Steroid+Testing&rft.pub=wnbc.com&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wnbc.com%2Fmikedup%2F4077510%2Fdetail.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MLB_pre-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MLB_pre_161-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom2007" class="citation web cs1">Bloom, Barry (December 13, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20071212&content_id=2323307&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb">"Mitchell Report to be released today"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=Mitchell+Report+to+be+released+today&rft.date=2007-12-13&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlb.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.jsp%3Fymd%3D20071212%26content_id%3D2323307%26vkey%3Dnews_mlb%26fext%3D.jsp%26c_id%3Dmlb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_20071213-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_20071213_162-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonSchmidt2007" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Duff; Schmidt, Michael (December 13, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/13/sports/baseball/13mitchell.html?em&ex=1197694800&en=13aefc5012cd51c1&ei=5087%0A">"Baseball Braces for Steroid Report From Mitchell"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071214172052/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/13/sports/baseball/13mitchell.html?em&ex=1197694800&en=13aefc5012cd51c1&ei=5087%0A">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Baseball+Braces+for+Steroid+Report+From+Mitchell&rft.date=2007-12-13&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Duff&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F12%2F13%2Fsports%2Fbaseball%2F13mitchell.html%3Fem%26ex%3D1197694800%26en%3D13aefc5012cd51c1%26ei%3D5087%250A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chicago_Tribune_20071212-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chicago_Tribune_20071212_163-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhil_Rogers2007" class="citation news cs1">Phil Rogers (December 12, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071216050643/http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/baseball/cubs/cs-071212report%2C1%2C5400599.story?ctrack=1&cset=true">"Mitchell report will assess the damage done"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/baseball/cubs/cs-071212report,1,5400599.story?ctrack=1&cset=true">the original</a> on December 16, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Mitchell+report+will+assess+the+damage+done&rft.date=2007-12-12&rft.au=Phil+Rogers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fsports%2Fbaseball%2Fcubs%2Fcs-071212report%2C1%2C5400599.story%3Fctrack%3D1%26cset%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-espn-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-espn_164-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinnMark_Fainaru-Wada2007" class="citation news cs1">Quinn, T.J.; Mark Fainaru-Wada (December 13, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/mlb/news/story?id=3152573">"Sources: Players, owners to share blame in Mitchell report"</a>. <i>ESPN</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071215024942/http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/news/story?id=3152573">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESPN&rft.atitle=Sources%3A+Players%2C+owners+to+share+blame+in+Mitchell+report&rft.date=2007-12-13&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=T.J.&rft.au=Mark+Fainaru-Wada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fnews%2Fstory%3Fid%3D3152573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-report_pg_SR2-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-report_pg_SR2_165-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071214182448/http://files.mlb.com/mitchrpt.pdf">"Mitchell Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. SR2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files.mlb.com/mitchrpt.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on December 14, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mitchell+Report&rft.pages=SR2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffiles.mlb.com%2Fmitchrpt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/mlb/news/story?id=3153509">"Mitchell report: Baseball slow to react to players' steroid use"</a>. <i>ESPN</i>. December 13, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160128170522/http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/news/story?id=3153509">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESPN&rft.atitle=Mitchell+report%3A+Baseball+slow+to+react+to+players%27+steroid+use&rft.date=2007-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fnews%2Fstory%3Fid%3D3153509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-report_pg_A1-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-report_pg_A1_167-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071214182448/http://files.mlb.com/mitchrpt.pdf">"Mitchell Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. A1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files.mlb.com/mitchrpt.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on December 14, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mitchell+Report&rft.pages=A1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffiles.mlb.com%2Fmitchrpt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Dodd2006" class="citation news cs1">Mike Dodd (March 31, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/2006-03-30-mitchell-role_x.htm">"Is George Mitchell independent enough?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110425072654/http://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/2006-03-30-mitchell-role_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Is+George+Mitchell+independent+enough%3F&rft.date=2006-03-31&rft.au=Mike+Dodd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fsports%2Fbaseball%2F2006-03-30-mitchell-role_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChilds_Walker2007" class="citation web cs1">Childs Walker (December 11, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120721093442/http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/baseball/bal-mitchell1212,0,7812674.story">"Some question Mitchell as report draws near"</a>. <i>Baltimore Sun</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/baseball/bal-mitchell1212,0,7812674.story">the original</a> on July 21, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Some+question+Mitchell+as+report+draws+near&rft.date=2007-12-11&rft.au=Childs+Walker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fsports%2Fbaseball%2Fbal-mitchell1212%2C0%2C7812674.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gregjohnson-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gregjohnson_170-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gregjohnson_170-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreg_Johnson2007" class="citation news cs1">Greg Johnson (December 14, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071221030750/http://www.latimes.com/sports/baseball/mlb/la-sp-mitchellbio14dec14%2C1%2C6912601.story?coll=la-headlines-sports-majorbaseb&ctrack=1&cset=true">"Mitchell cites unbiased history"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/sports/baseball/mlb/la-sp-mitchellbio14dec14,1,6912601.story?coll=la-headlines-sports-majorbaseb&ctrack=1&cset=true">the original</a> on December 21, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Mitchell+cites+unbiased+history&rft.date=2007-12-14&rft.au=Greg+Johnson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fsports%2Fbaseball%2Fmlb%2Fla-sp-mitchellbio14dec14%2C1%2C6912601.story%3Fcoll%3Dla-headlines-sports-majorbaseb%26ctrack%3D1%26cset%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt2013" class="citation news cs1">Schmidt, Michael S. (January 10, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/11/sports/baseball/baseball-and-union-agree-to-in-season-blood-testing-for-hgh.html?emc=na&_r=0">"Baseball to Expand Drug-Testing Program"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130112163938/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/11/sports/baseball/baseball-and-union-agree-to-in-season-blood-testing-for-hgh.html?emc=na&_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Baseball+to+Expand+Drug-Testing+Program&rft.date=2013-01-10&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Michael+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F01%2F11%2Fsports%2Fbaseball%2Fbaseball-and-union-agree-to-in-season-blood-testing-for-hgh.html%3Femc%3Dna%26_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/10690127/major-league-baseball-union-toughen-drug-agreement-provisions">"MLB, union increase penalties for drug use"</a>. <i>ESPN</i>. March 31, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160423214747/http://espn.go.com/mlb/story/_/id/10690127/major-league-baseball-union-toughen-drug-agreement-provisions">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN&rft.atitle=MLB%2C+union+increase+penalties+for+drug+use&rft.date=2014-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F10690127%2Fmajor-league-baseball-union-toughen-drug-agreement-provisions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/mlb/news/story?id=6310125">"Rays' Manny Ramirez to retire"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ESPN.com" title="ESPN.com">ESPN.com</a></i>. April 10, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012025941/http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/news/story?id=6310125">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 11,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=Rays%27+Manny+Ramirez+to+retire&rft.date=2011-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fnews%2Fstory%3Fid%3D6310125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorosi2011" class="citation web cs1">Morosi, Jon Paul (December 5, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111206031748/http://msn.foxsports.com/mlb/story/Manny-Ramirez-seeks-return-in-2012-ending-retirement-120411">"Source: Manny Ramirez wants to un-retire in 2012"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fox_Sports" title="Fox Sports">Fox Sports</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msn.foxsports.com/mlb/story/Manny-Ramirez-seeks-return-in-2012-ending-retirement-120411">the original</a> on December 6, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+Sports&rft.atitle=Source%3A+Manny+Ramirez+wants+to+un-retire+in+2012&rft.date=2011-12-05&rft.aulast=Morosi&rft.aufirst=Jon+Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsn.foxsports.com%2Fmlb%2Fstory%2FManny-Ramirez-seeks-return-in-2012-ending-retirement-120411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fox-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fox_175-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/mlb/news/story?id=2516552">"Fox, THS have seven-year, $3 billion TV deal with MLB"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ESPN.com" title="ESPN.com">ESPN.com</a></i>. 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120145212/http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/news/story?id=2516552">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=Fox%2C+THS+have+seven-year%2C+%243+billion+TV+deal+with+MLB&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fnews%2Fstory%3Fid%3D2516552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/news/mlb-fox-complete-multiyear-agreement-c300757548">"MLB, FOX complete multiyear agreement"</a>. <i>MLB.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21+Sports&rft.atitle=MLB+extends+TV+agreement+with+ESPN+through+2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsports.yahoo.com%2Fmlb%2Fnews%3Fslug%3Dmlbespn%26prov%3Dst%26type%3Dlgns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_178-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/news/mlb-espn-7-year-rights-deal">"MLB, ESPN extend deal through 2028"</a>. <i>MLB.com</i>. May 13, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=MLB%2C+ESPN+extend+deal+through+2028&rft.date=2021-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Fmlb-espn-7-year-rights-deal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_179-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2021" class="citation web cs1">Martin, Katie Hughes (May 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://espnpressroom.com/us/press-releases/2021/05/the-walt-disney-company-espn-and-major-league-baseball-reach-long-term-rights-extension-for-fully-exclusive-marquee-schedule/">"The Walt Disney Company, ESPN and Major League Baseball Reach Long-Term Rights Extension for Fully Exclusive, Marquee Schedule"</a>. <i>ESPN Press Room U.S</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Awful+Announcing&rft.atitle=Turner+Sports%2C+MLB+officially+agree+to+new+seven-year+media+rights+deal+Turner+Sports%2C+MLB+officially+agree+to+new+seven-year+media+rights+deal&rft.date=2020-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fawfulannouncing.com%2Fmlb%2Fturner-sports-mlb-officially-agree-to-new-seven-year-media-rights-deal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayes2020" class="citation news cs1">Hayes, Dade (September 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2020/09/warnermedia-major-league-baseball-reach-7-year-rights-extension-at-reported-3-75b-will-hbo-max-benefit-1234583488/">"WarnerMedia, Major League Baseball Reach 7-Year Rights Extension At Reported $3.75B; Will HBO Max Benefit?"</a>. <i>Deadline</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029022132/https://deadline.com/2020/09/warnermedia-major-league-baseball-reach-7-year-rights-extension-at-reported-3-75b-will-hbo-max-benefit-1234583488/">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deadline&rft.atitle=WarnerMedia%2C+Major+League+Baseball+Reach+7-Year+Rights+Extension+At+Reported+%243.75B%3B+Will+HBO+Max+Benefit%3F&rft.date=2020-09-24&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Dade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2020%2F09%2Fwarnermedia-major-league-baseball-reach-7-year-rights-extension-at-reported-3-75b-will-hbo-max-benefit-1234583488%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tbs-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tbs_182-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Hiestand2006" class="citation news cs1">Michael Hiestand (July 11, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/sports/columnist/hiestand-tv/2006-07-11-hiestand-mlb_x.htm?csp=34">"TBS drops Braves games, joins Fox in rich TV deal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081009032422/http://www.usatoday.com/sports/columnist/hiestand-tv/2006-07-11-hiestand-mlb_x.htm?csp=34">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=TBS+drops+Braves+games%2C+joins+Fox+in+rich+TV+deal&rft.date=2006-07-11&rft.au=Michael+Hiestand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fsports%2Fcolumnist%2Fhiestand-tv%2F2006-07-11-hiestand-mlb_x.htm%3Fcsp%3D34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tv-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tv_183-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarry_M._Bloom2006" class="citation web cs1">Barry M. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=TBS+signs+on+to+air+LCS+games&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Barry+M.+Bloom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlb.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.jsp%3Fymd%3D20061017%26content_id%3D1715532%26vkey%3Dps2006news%26fext%3D.jsp%26c_id%3Dmlb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-washpost-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-washpost_184-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDave_Sheinin2007" class="citation news cs1">Dave Sheinin (May 18, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/17/AR2007051702492.html">"MLB Network Closer to Fruition"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121113083419/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/17/AR2007051702492.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=MLB+Network+Closer+to+Fruition&rft.date=2007-05-18&rft.au=Dave+Sheinin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F05%2F17%2FAR2007051702492.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sportsnet_will_carry_all_162_games_for_Blue_Jays-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sportsnet_will_carry_all_162_games_for_Blue_Jays_185-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sportsnet_will_carry_all_162_games_for_Blue_Jays_185-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sportsnet_will_carry_all_162_games_for_Blue_Jays_185-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20130322&content_id=43127206&notebook_id=43139768&vkey=notebook_tor&c_id=tor">"Sportsnet will carry all 162 games for Blue Jays"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=Sportsnet+will+carry+all+162+games+for+Blue+Jays&rft.date=2013-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlb.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.jsp%3Fymd%3D20130322%26content_id%3D43127206%26notebook_id%3D43139768%26vkey%3Dnotebook_tor%26c_id%3Dtor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sportsnet-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sportsnet_186-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sportsnet.ca/about/">"Company Information"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sportsnet" title="Sportsnet">Sportsnet</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131117220709/http://www.sportsnet.ca/about/">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ESPN%27s+Sunday+Night+Baseball+airs+on+TSN+2&rft.pub=Digitalhome.ca&rft.date=2011-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalhome.ca%2F2011%2F04%2Fespn%25E2%2580%2599s-sunday-night-baseball-airs-on-tsn-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/bluejays/team/broadcasters">"Broadcasters | Toronto Blue Jays"</a>. <i>MLB.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170629202809/http://toronto.bluejays.mlb.com/team/broadcasters.jsp?c_id=tor">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=Broadcasters+%7C+Toronto+Blue+Jays&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fbluejays%2Fteam%2Fbroadcasters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/press-release/major-league-baseball-and-facebook-partner-to-debut-exclusive-national-268269402">"MLB and Facebook partner to debut exclusive national weekly game package in 2018"</a>. <i>MLB.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311082925/https://www.mlb.com/press-release/major-league-baseball-and-facebook-partner-to-debut-exclusive-national-268269402">Archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=MLB+and+Facebook+partner+to+debut+exclusive+national+weekly+game+package+in+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fpress-release%2Fmajor-league-baseball-and-facebook-partner-to-debut-exclusive-national-268269402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpangler2019" class="citation web cs1">Spangler, Todd (April 30, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/youtube-mlb-live-game-package-exclusive-rights-1203201115/">"YouTube Scores MLB 13-Game Package With Exclusive Rights in U.S., Canada"</a>. <i>Variety</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311082925/https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/youtube-mlb-live-game-package-exclusive-rights-1203201115/">Archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=YouTube+Scores+MLB+13-Game+Package+With+Exclusive+Rights+in+U.S.%2C+Canada&rft.date=2019-04-30&rft.aulast=Spangler&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2019%2Fdigital%2Fnews%2Fyoutube-mlb-live-game-package-exclusive-rights-1203201115%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dFwDX0f1gcw"><i>MLB Game of the Week Live on YouTube is back this September!</i></a>, September 2, 2020, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311082911/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dFwDX0f1gcw">archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MLB+Game+of+the+Week+Live+on+YouTube+is+back+this+September%21&rft.date=2020-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DdFwDX0f1gcw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpangler2021" class="citation web cs1">Spangler, Todd (March 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2021/digital/news/youtube-mlb-games-free-streaming-worldwide-1234931434/">"YouTube Will Stream 21 MLB Games for Free Worldwide During 2021 Season"</a>. <i>Variety</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407180807/https://variety.com/2021/digital/news/youtube-mlb-games-free-streaming-worldwide-1234931434/">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=YouTube+Will+Stream+21+MLB+Games+for+Free+Worldwide+During+2021+Season&rft.date=2021-03-15&rft.aulast=Spangler&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2021%2Fdigital%2Fnews%2Fyoutube-mlb-games-free-streaming-worldwide-1234931434%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nbcsportsgrouppressbox.com/2022/04/06/peacock-becomes-exclusive-home-of-new-sunday-morning-major-league-baseball-game-package-to-be-produced-by-nbc-sports-beginning-in-may/">"Peacock Becomes Exclusive Home of New Sunday Morning Major League Baseball Game Package, to Be Produced by Nbc Sports, Beginning in May"</a>. <i>NBC Sports Pressbox</i>. April 6, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701113121/https://nbcsportsgrouppressbox.com/2022/04/06/peacock-becomes-exclusive-home-of-new-sunday-morning-major-league-baseball-game-package-to-be-produced-by-nbc-sports-beginning-in-may/">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+Sports+Pressbox&rft.atitle=Peacock+Becomes+Exclusive+Home+of+New+Sunday+Morning+Major+League+Baseball+Game+Package%2C+to+Be+Produced+by+Nbc+Sports%2C+Beginning+in+May&rft.date=2022-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnbcsportsgrouppressbox.com%2F2022%2F04%2F06%2Fpeacock-becomes-exclusive-home-of-new-sunday-morning-major-league-baseball-game-package-to-be-produced-by-nbc-sports-beginning-in-may%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReilly2023" class="citation web cs1">Reilly, Liam (September 19, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/19/media/max-sports/index.html">"Live sports is coming to Max streaming service in time for the MLB playoffs | CNN Business"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 25,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=Singin%27+the+%27Baseball+Blackout+Blues%27&rft.date=2007-05-15&rft.aulast=Helyar&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fnews%2Fstory%3Fid%3D2870960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/live-stream-games/help-center/blackout-policy">"MLB.TV | Blackout Policy"</a>. <i>MLB.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220318213241/https://www.mlb.com/live-stream-games/help-center/blackout-policy">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesoundofbaseball.com/Heritage.html">the original</a> on September 28, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TSB+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesoundofbaseball.com%2FHeritage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ASO-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ASO_202-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASO_202-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASO_202-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASO_202-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americansportscastersonline.com/radiohistory.html">Radio and its Impact on the Sports World</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DDO-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DDO_203-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110335/http://www.digitaldeliftp.com/Recommendations/KDKAFirst1921.htm">"First Radio Broadcast of a Baseball Game"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitaldeliftp.com/Recommendations/KDKAFirst1921.htm">the original</a> on January 5, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Radio+Broadcast+of+a+Baseball+Game&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitaldeliftp.com%2FRecommendations%2FKDKAFirst1921.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RW-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RW_204-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RW_204-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RW_204-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050427131728/http://www.rwonline.com/reference-room/special-report/06_rwm_mcnamee_1.shtml">RW Special Report</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MLB-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MLB_205-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20050221&content_id=947098&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=null">Frick winner to be announced</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voices-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Voices_206-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930105840/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,731026-3,00.html">Voices</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/TIME" class="mw-redirect" title="TIME">TIME</a></i>, October 3, 1927</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DBS-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DBS_207-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dbsforums.com/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=70565">Major League Baseball CBS Radio History</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESPN-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ESPN_208-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/espnradio/news/story?page=2007mlbonespnradio">MLB on ESPN Radio</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radioinsight.com/headlines/213692/tudn-adds-national-spanish-language-rights-to-mlb/">"TUDN Adds National Spanish Language Rights To MLB"</a>. <i>RadioInsight</i>. October 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RadioInsight&rft.atitle=TUDN+Adds+National+Spanish+Language+Rights+To+MLB&rft.date=2021-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradioinsight.com%2Fheadlines%2F213692%2Ftudn-adds-national-spanish-language-rights-to-mlb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freebaseballradio.com/NYyankeesAug.html">"New York Yankees Radio Network"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130807110601/http://freebaseballradio.com/NYyankeesAug.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+Yankees+Radio+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freebaseballradio.com%2FNYyankeesAug.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siriusxm.com/mlbnetworkradio">"MLB Network Radio"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sirius_XM_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirius XM Radio">Sirius XM Radio</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019021046/http://www.siriusxm.com/mlbnetworkradio">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MLB+Network+Radio&rft.pub=Sirius+XM+Radio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siriusxm.com%2Fmlbnetworkradio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/dodgers/schedule/radio-network">"Radio Network | Los Angeles Dodgers"</a>. <i>MLB.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220318220209/https://www.mlb.com/dodgers/schedule/radio-network">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=Radio+Network+%7C+Los+Angeles+Dodgers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fdodgers%2Fschedule%2Fradio-network&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/mlb/news/story?id=6301906">"Blue Jays president open to playing in Montreal"</a>. <i>ESPN.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=Blue+Jays+president+open+to+playing+in+Montreal&rft.date=2011-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fnews%2Fstory%3Fid%3D6301906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/subscriptions/index.jsp?product=mlbtv&affiliateId=MLBTVREDIRECT">"MLB.tv"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701113122/https://www.mlb.com/tv">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=MLB.tv&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlb.mlb.com%2Fmlb%2Fsubscriptions%2Findex.jsp%3Fproduct%3Dmlbtv%26affiliateId%3DMLBTVREDIRECT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-XM-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-XM_215-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071009193946/http://xmradio.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=press_releases&item=828">"JOSE CANSECO CLAIMS SAMMY SOSA AND MARK McGWIRE TOOK STEROIDS DURING 1998 HOME RUN CHASE ON XM SATELLITE RADIO'S MLB HOME PLATE CHANNEL; PETE ROSE TELLS XM HE SUSPECTS CANSECO MOTIVATED BY MONEY"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xmradio.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=press_releases&item=828">the original</a> on October 9, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JOSE+CANSECO+CLAIMS+SAMMY+SOSA+AND+MARK+McGWIRE+TOOK+STEROIDS+DURING+1998+HOME+RUN+CHASE+ON+XM+SATELLITE+RADIO%27S+MLB+HOME+PLATE+CHANNEL%3B+PETE+ROSE+TELLS+XM+HE+SUSPECTS+CANSECO+MOTIVATED+BY+MONEY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxmradio.mediaroom.com%2Findex.php%3Fs%3Dpress_releases%26item%3D828&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAQ-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAQ_216-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234614/http://www.xmradio.com/onxm/features/mlb-faq.xmc?ch=175">"MLB Home Plate FAQs"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xmradio.com/onxm/features/mlb-faq.xmc?ch=175">the original</a> on September 26, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MLB+Home+Plate+FAQs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xmradio.com%2Fonxm%2Ffeatures%2Fmlb-faq.xmc%3Fch%3D175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231014003544/https://www.mlb.com/live-stream-games/subscribe/postseason/2023">"MLB.TV Out-Of-Market Packages"</a>. <i>MLB.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/live-stream-games/subscribe/postseason/2023">the original</a> on October 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=MLB.TV+Out-Of-Market+Packages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Flive-stream-games%2Fsubscribe%2Fpostseason%2F2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.suzitee.com/blogs/baseball/what-does-ops-mean-in-baseball-baseball-ops-definition">"OPS Meaning and Definition in Baseball"</a>. <i>Suzitee</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Suzitee&rft.atitle=OPS+Meaning+and+Definition+in+Baseball&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.suzitee.com%2Fblogs%2Fbaseball%2Fwhat-does-ops-mean-in-baseball-baseball-ops-definition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/dodgers/schedule/radio-network">"Radio Network"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=Radio+Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fdodgers%2Fschedule%2Fradio-network&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanseco2023" class="citation web cs1">Canseco, Daniella (March 29, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://espnpressroom.com/mexico/press-releases/2023/03/vuelve-el-beisbol-de-mlb-en-vivo-por-star-espn/">"Vuelve el béisbol de MLB en VIVO por Star+ & ESPN"</a>. <i>ESPN MediaZone Latin America North</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN+MediaZone+Latin+America+North&rft.atitle=Vuelve+el+b%C3%A9isbol+de+MLB+en+VIVO+por+Star%2B+%26+ESPN&rft.date=2023-03-29&rft.aulast=Canseco&rft.aufirst=Daniella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fespnpressroom.com%2Fmexico%2Fpress-releases%2F2023%2F03%2Fvuelve-el-beisbol-de-mlb-en-vivo-por-star-espn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelschen2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Welschen, Dario (March 30, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://espnpressroom.com/latinamerica/press-releases/2023/03/vuelve-la-emocion-de-las-grandes-ligas-de-beisbol-mlb-por-star-espn/">"Vuelve la emoción de las Grandes Ligas de béisbol MLB por Star+ & ESPN"</a>. <i>ESPN Press Room Latin America South</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN+Press+Room+Latin+America+South&rft.atitle=Vuelve+la+emoci%C3%B3n+de+las+Grandes+Ligas+de+b%C3%A9isbol+MLB+por+Star%2B+%26+ESPN&rft.date=2023-03-30&rft.aulast=Welschen&rft.aufirst=Dario&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fespnpressroom.com%2Flatinamerica%2Fpress-releases%2F2023%2F03%2Fvuelve-la-emocion-de-las-grandes-ligas-de-beisbol-mlb-por-star-espn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancischini2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Francischini, Guto (March 30, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://espnpressroom.com/brazil/press-releases/2023/03/com-mais-de-200-jogos-na-temporada-mlb-e-atracao-da-espn-a-partir-desta-quinta-feira/">"Com mais de 200 jogos na temporada, MLB é atração da ESPN a partir desta quinta-feira"</a>. <i>ESPN MediaZone Brasil</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN+MediaZone+Brasil&rft.atitle=Com+mais+de+200+jogos+na+temporada%2C+MLB+%C3%A9+atra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+da+ESPN+a+partir+desta+quinta-feira&rft.date=2023-03-30&rft.aulast=Francischini&rft.aufirst=Guto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fespnpressroom.com%2Fbrazil%2Fpress-releases%2F2023%2F03%2Fcom-mais-de-200-jogos-na-temporada-mlb-e-atracao-da-espn-a-partir-desta-quinta-feira%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelschen2023" class="citation web cs1">Welschen, Dario (March 30, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://espnpressroom.com/caribbean/press-releases/2023/03/espn-announces-major-league-baseball-opening-weekend-schedule-for-caribbean-fans/">"ESPN Announces Major League Baseball Opening Weekend Schedule for Caribbean fans"</a>. <i>ESPN Press Room Caribbean</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN+Press+Room+Caribbean&rft.atitle=ESPN+Announces+Major+League+Baseball+Opening+Weekend+Schedule+for+Caribbean+fans&rft.date=2023-03-30&rft.aulast=Welschen&rft.aufirst=Dario&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fespnpressroom.com%2Fcaribbean%2Fpress-releases%2F2023%2F03%2Fespn-announces-major-league-baseball-opening-weekend-schedule-for-caribbean-fans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFeleonbaz2022" class="citation web cs1">@eleonbaz (March 30, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/eleonbaz/status/1509274566811656202">"Esta campaña '22 de MLB llegará con + acción a través"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Esta+campa%C3%B1a+%2722+de+MLB+llegar%C3%A1+con+%2B+acci%C3%B3n+a+trav%C3%A9s&rft.date=2022-03-30&rft.au=eleonbaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Feleonbaz%2Fstatus%2F1509274566811656202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFaraguilar2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">araguilar (October 25, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.record.com.mx/empelotados/serie-mundial-televisa-se-despide-del-clasico-de-otono-tras-59-anos">"Serie Mundial: Televisa se despide del Clásico de Otoño tras 59 años"</a>. <i>Record.com.mx</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Record.com.mx&rft.atitle=Serie+Mundial%3A+Televisa+se+despide+del+Cl%C3%A1sico+de+Oto%C3%B1o+tras+59+a%C3%B1os&rft.date=2022-10-25&rft.au=araguilar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.record.com.mx%2Fempelotados%2Fserie-mundial-televisa-se-despide-del-clasico-de-otono-tras-59-anos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imagenradio.com.mx/imagen-television-sera-la-casa-del-beisbol">"Imagen Televisión será la Casa del Beisbol"</a>. <i>Imagen Radio 90.5</i> (in Spanish). March 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imagen+Radio+90.5&rft.atitle=Imagen+Televisi%C3%B3n+ser%C3%A1+la+Casa+del+Beisbol&rft.date=2023-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imagenradio.com.mx%2Fimagen-television-sera-la-casa-del-beisbol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerrano2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Serrano, Ignacio (April 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elemergente.com/2016/04/transmisiones-de-tv-dependen-de.html">"Canales definen con IVC los derechos de transmisión de MLB en Venezuela"</a>. <i>El Emergente</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Emergente&rft.atitle=Canales+definen+con+IVC+los+derechos+de+transmisi%C3%B3n+de+MLB+en+Venezuela&rft.date=2016-04-12&rft.aulast=Serrano&rft.aufirst=Ignacio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felemergente.com%2F2016%2F04%2Ftransmisiones-de-tv-dependen-de.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://televen.com/tusprogramas/televen-te-trae-la-transmision-del-beisbol-de-grandes-ligas/">"TELEVEN te trae la transmisión del Béisbol de Grandes Ligas"</a>. <i>Televen</i> (in Spanish). August 5, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Televen&rft.atitle=TELEVEN+te+trae+la+transmisi%C3%B3n+del+B%C3%A9isbol+de+Grandes+Ligas&rft.date=2022-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteleven.com%2Ftusprogramas%2Fteleven-te-trae-la-transmision-del-beisbol-de-grandes-ligas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://televen.com/tusprogramas/este-jueves-llegara-a-televen-la-pasion-del-beisbol-de-grandes-ligas/">"Este jueves llegará a TELEVEN la pasión del Béisbol de Grandes Ligas"</a>. <i>televen.com</i>. March 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=televen.com&rft.atitle=Este+jueves+llegar%C3%A1+a+TELEVEN+la+pasi%C3%B3n+del+B%C3%A9isbol+de+Grandes+Ligas&rft.date=2023-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteleven.com%2Ftusprogramas%2Feste-jueves-llegara-a-televen-la-pasion-del-beisbol-de-grandes-ligas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://televen.com/tusprogramas/televen-te-lleva-la-emocion-de-la-postemporada-de-la-mlb/">"TELEVEN te lleva la emoción de la postemporada de la MLB"</a>. <i>Televen</i> (in Spanish). October 3, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Televen&rft.atitle=TELEVEN+te+lleva+la+emoci%C3%B3n+de+la+postemporada+de+la+MLB&rft.date=2023-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteleven.com%2Ftusprogramas%2Fteleven-te-lleva-la-emocion-de-la-postemporada-de-la-mlb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.venevision.com/notas/grandes-ligas-a-la-carta-en-la-pantalla-de-venevision">"Grandes Ligas a la carta en la pantalla de Venevision"</a>. <i>CORPORACIÓN VENEZOLANA DE TELEVISIÓN, C.A. (VENEVISION)</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CORPORACI%C3%93N+VENEZOLANA+DE+TELEVISI%C3%93N%2C+C.A.+%28VENEVISION%29&rft.atitle=Grandes+Ligas+a+la+carta+en+la+pantalla+de+Venevision&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.venevision.com%2Fnotas%2Fgrandes-ligas-a-la-carta-en-la-pantalla-de-venevision&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibre2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Libre, Diario (March 25, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diariolibre.com/deportes/beisbol/altice-y-mlb-firman-acuerdo-multianual-para-derechos-exclusivos-de-transmision-y-patrocinador-oficial-BJ9487232">"Altice y MLB firman acuerdo multianual para derechos exclusivos de transmisión y patrocinador oficial"</a>. <i>Diario Libre</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Diario+Libre&rft.atitle=Altice+y+MLB+firman+acuerdo+multianual+para+derechos+exclusivos+de+transmisi%C3%B3n+y+patrocinador+oficial&rft.date=2018-03-25&rft.aulast=Libre&rft.aufirst=Diario&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diariolibre.com%2Fdeportes%2Fbeisbol%2Faltice-y-mlb-firman-acuerdo-multianual-para-derechos-exclusivos-de-transmision-y-patrocinador-oficial-BJ9487232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiario2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Diario, El Nuevo (December 10, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elnuevodiario.com.do/altice-firma-acuerdo-con-grupo-corripio-para-la-transmision-juegos-mlb/">"Altice firma acuerdo con Grupo Corripio para la transmisión juegos MLB"</a>. <i>El Nuevo Diario (República Dominicana)</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Nuevo+Diario+%28Rep%C3%BAblica+Dominicana%29&rft.atitle=Altice+firma+acuerdo+con+Grupo+Corripio+para+la+transmisi%C3%B3n+juegos+MLB&rft.date=2019-12-10&rft.aulast=Diario&rft.aufirst=El+Nuevo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felnuevodiario.com.do%2Faltice-firma-acuerdo-con-grupo-corripio-para-la-transmision-juegos-mlb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedacción2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Redacción (March 18, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eljaya.com/137621/grupo-corripio-renueva-con-mlb-para-transmitir-grandes-ligas-en-2022/">"Grupo Corripio renueva con MLB para transmitir Grandes Ligas en 2022"</a>. <i>Periódico EL JAYA</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peri%C3%B3dico+EL+JAYA&rft.atitle=Grupo+Corripio+renueva+con+MLB+para+transmitir+Grandes+Ligas+en+2022&rft.date=2022-03-18&rft.au=Redacci%C3%B3n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eljaya.com%2F137621%2Fgrupo-corripio-renueva-con-mlb-para-transmitir-grandes-ligas-en-2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comunicacion.movistarplus.es/email/llega-la-hora-de-batear-fuerte-arranca-la-mlb-con-el-beisbol-movistar-plus-reune-las-cuatro-grandes-ligas-del-deporte-americano/">"Arranca la MLB | Con el béisbol, Movistar Plus+ reúne las cuatro grandes ligas del deporte americano en su estadio infinito – Movistar Plus+ Comunicación"</a>. <i>comunicacion.movistarplus.es</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=comunicacion.movistarplus.es&rft.atitle=Arranca+la+MLB+%7C+Con+el+b%C3%A9isbol%2C+Movistar+Plus%2B+re%C3%BAne+las+cuatro+grandes+ligas+del+deporte+americano+en+su+estadio+infinito+%E2%80%93+Movistar+Plus%2B+Comunicaci%C3%B3n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcomunicacion.movistarplus.es%2Femail%2Fllega-la-hora-de-batear-fuerte-arranca-la-mlb-con-el-beisbol-movistar-plus-reune-las-cuatro-grandes-ligas-del-deporte-americano%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-five-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-five_236-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGould,_Jonny2008" class="citation web cs1">Gould, Jonny (August 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090116020722/http://www.baseballfan.co.uk/modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=viewarticle&artid=7&page=1">"Jonny Gould"</a>. baseballfan.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baseballfan.co.uk/modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=viewarticle&artid=7&page=1">the original</a> on January 16, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jonny+Gould&rft.pub=baseballfan.co.uk&rft.date=2008-08-08&rft.au=Gould%2C+Jonny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseballfan.co.uk%2Fmodules.php%3Fop%3Dmodload%26name%3DSections%26file%3Dindex%26req%3Dviewarticle%26artid%3D7%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090817225725/http://about.five.tv/faqs/customer-services?page=2">"Customer Services FAQ — Major League Baseball"</a>. June 30, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://about.five.tv/faqs/customer-services?page=2">the original</a> on August 17, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Customer+Services+FAQ+%E2%80%94+Major+League+Baseball&rft.date=2009-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabout.five.tv%2Ffaqs%2Fcustomer-services%3Fpage%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/mlb/">"ESPN UK: Baseball"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131121041914/http://espn.go.com/mlb/">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ESPN+UK%3A+Baseball&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spy-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spy_239-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaughlin2012" class="citation web cs1">Laughlin, Andrew (August 29, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalspy.com/media/news/a402409/espn-agrees-usd56-billion-mlb-baseball-deal.html">"ESPN agrees $5.6 billion MLB baseball deal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Digital_Spy" title="Digital Spy">Digital Spy</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203182453/http://www.digitalspy.com/media/news/a402409/espn-agrees-usd56-billion-mlb-baseball-deal.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Spy&rft.atitle=ESPN+agrees+%245.6+billion+MLB+baseball+deal&rft.date=2012-08-29&rft.aulast=Laughlin&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalspy.com%2Fmedia%2Fnews%2Fa402409%2Fespn-agrees-usd56-billion-mlb-baseball-deal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suspend-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Suspend_240-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Global/Issues/2013/05/13/Media/ESPN-America.aspx">"ESPN America To Suspend Broadcasts In Europe, N. Africa, The Middle East On July 31"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sports_Business_Daily" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports Business Daily">Sports Business Daily</a>. May 13, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131204053146/http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Global/Issues/2013/05/13/Media/ESPN-America.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ESPN+America+To+Suspend+Broadcasts+In+Europe%2C+N.+Africa%2C+The+Middle+East+On+July+31&rft.pub=Sports+Business+Daily&rft.date=2013-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportsbusinessdaily.com%2FGlobal%2FIssues%2F2013%2F05%2F13%2FMedia%2FESPN-America.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130603071522/http://www.espn.com.au/baseball/">"ESPN Australia: Baseball"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ESPN_Australia" title="ESPN Australia">ESPN Australia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espn.com.au/baseball/">the original</a> on June 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ESPN+Australia%3A+Baseball&rft.pub=ESPN+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com.au%2Fbaseball%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajor+League+Baseball" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beinsports.com/france/mlb">"MLB – beIN SPORTS"</a>. <i>beIN SPORTS France</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210629051345/https://www.beinsports.com/france/mlb/">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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World Publishing Company, 1970.</li> <li>Buchanan, Lamont, <i>The World Series and Highlights of Baseball</i>, E. P. Dutton & Company, 1951.</li> <li>Cohen, Richard M., Neft, David, Johnson, Roland T., Deutsch, Jordan A., <i>The World Series</i>, 1976, Dial Press.</li> <li>Deutsch, Jordan A., <a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Cohen" title="Richard M. Cohen">Cohen, Richard M.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neft,_David" class="mw-redirect" title="Neft, David">Neft, David</a>, Johnson, Roland T., <i>The Scrapbook History of Baseball</i>, Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1975.</li> <li>King, Corretta. Jackie Robinson. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="James, Bill">James, Bill</a>. <i>The Historical Baseball Abstract</i>. New York: Villard, 1985 (with many subsequent editions).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lanigan" title="Ernest Lanigan">Lanigan, Ernest</a>, <i>Baseball Cyclopedia</i>, 1922, originally published by <i>Baseball Magazine</i>.</li> <li>Lansch, Jerry, <i>Glory Fades Away: The Nineteenth Century World Series Rediscovered</i>, Taylor Publishing, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87833-726-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-87833-726-1">0-87833-726-1</a>.</li> <li>Murphy, Cait. <i>Crazy '08: How a Cast of Cranks, Rogues, Boneheads, and Magnates Created the Greatest Year in Baseball History.</i> New York: Smithsonian Books, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-088937-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-088937-1">978-0-06-088937-1</a>.</li> <li>Okkonen, Marc. <i>Baseball Uniforms of the 20th Century: The Official Major League Baseball Guide</i>, 1991.</li> <li>Ritter, Lawrence. <i>The Glory of their Times</i>. New York: MacMillan, 1966. Revised edition, New York: William Morrow, 1984.</li> <li>Ross, Brian. "Band of Brothers". <i>Minor League News</i>, April 6, 2005. Available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221185144/http://minorleaguenews.com/history/baseball/2005/04/06/01.html">Minor League News</a>.</li> <li>Seymour, Harold. <i>Baseball: The Early Years</i>. 2v. New York: Oxford University Press, 1960. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-500100-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-500100-1">0-19-500100-1</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hy_Turkin" title="Hy Turkin">Turkin, Hy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/S._C._Thompson" title="S. C. Thompson">Thompson, S. C.</a>, <i>The Official Encyclopedia of Baseball</i>, 1951, A.S. Barnes and Company</li> <li>Tygiel, Jules. <i>Past Time: Baseball as History</i>. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-514604-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-514604-2">0-19-514604-2</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, <i>The Complete Book of Baseball: A Scrapbook History</i>, 1980, Bobbs Merrill.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 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title="Baltimore Orioles">Baltimore Orioles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Rays" title="Tampa Bay Rays">Tampa Bay Rays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Blue_Jays" title="Toronto Blue Jays">Toronto Blue Jays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFA7A7;"><a href="/wiki/American_League_Central" title="American League Central">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_White_Sox" title="Chicago White Sox">Chicago White Sox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Guardians" title="Cleveland Guardians">Cleveland Guardians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Tigers" title="Detroit Tigers">Detroit Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals" title="Kansas City Royals">Kansas City Royals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Twins" title="Minnesota Twins">Minnesota Twins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFA7A7;"><a href="/wiki/American_League_West" title="American League West">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_(baseball)" title="Athletics (baseball)">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros">Houston Astros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels" title="Los Angeles Angels">Los Angeles Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Mariners" title="Seattle Mariners">Seattle Mariners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Rangers_(baseball)" title="Texas Rangers (baseball)">Texas Rangers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_East" title="National League East">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Braves" title="Atlanta Braves">Atlanta Braves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Marlins" title="Miami Marlins">Miami Marlins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals" title="Washington Nationals">Washington Nationals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_Central" title="National League Central">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs">Chicago Cubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds" title="Cincinnati Reds">Cincinnati Reds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers" title="Milwaukee Brewers">Milwaukee Brewers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates" title="Pittsburgh Pirates">Pittsburgh Pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_West" title="National League West">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Diamondbacks" title="Arizona Diamondbacks">Arizona Diamondbacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Rockies" title="Colorado Rockies">Colorado Rockies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Padres" title="San Diego Padres">San Diego Padres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants" title="San Francisco Giants">San Francisco Giants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_schedule" title="Major League Baseball schedule">Schedule</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spring_training" title="Spring training">Spring training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opening_Day" title="Opening Day">Opening Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson_Day" title="Jackie Robinson Day">Jackie Robinson Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Game" title="Civil Rights Game">Civil Rights Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game" title="Major League Baseball All-Star Game">All-Star Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleague_play" title="Interleague play">Interleague play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_games_played_outside_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="List of Major League Baseball games played outside the United States and Canada">International games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MLB_London_Series" title="MLB London Series">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Mexico_City_Series" title="MLB Mexico City Series">Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Seoul_Series" title="MLB Seoul Series">Seoul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Little_League_Classic" title="MLB Little League Classic">Little League Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_at_Field_of_Dreams" title="MLB at Field of Dreams">Field of Dreams Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_at_Rickwood_Field" title="MLB at Rickwood Field">Rickwood Field Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Players_Weekend" title="Players Weekend">Players Weekend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Baseball_Classic" title="World Baseball Classic">World Baseball Classic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_postseason" title="Major League Baseball postseason">Postseason</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Series_champions" title="List of World Series champions">Champions</a></li></ul></li> <li>AL <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_League_pennant_winners" title="List of American League pennant winners">AL champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_League_Championship_Series" title="American League Championship Series">ALCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_League_Division_Series" title="American League Division Series">ALDS</a></li></ul></li> <li>NL <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_League_pennant_winners" title="List of National League pennant winners">NL champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_Championship_Series" title="National League Championship Series">NLCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_Division_Series" title="National League Division Series">NLDS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Card_Series" title="Wild Card Series">Wild Card Game/Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_postseason_teams" title="List of Major League Baseball postseason teams">Appearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_franchise_postseason_streaks" title="List of Major League Baseball franchise postseason streaks">Streaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_franchise_postseason_droughts" title="List of Major League Baseball franchise postseason droughts">Droughts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_postseason_series" title="List of Major League Baseball postseason series">Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_postseason_sweeps" title="List of Major League Baseball postseason sweeps">Sweeps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_game_sevens" title="List of Major League Baseball game sevens">Game 7s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_Authentication_Program" title="Major League Baseball Authentication Program">Authentication Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Official_Professional_Baseball_Rules_Book" title="The Official Professional Baseball Rules Book">Business rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="Major League Baseball draft">Draft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rule_5_draft" title="Rule 5 draft">Rule 5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-paid_Major_League_Baseball_players" title="List of highest-paid Major League Baseball players">Highest-paid players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_stove_league" title="Hot stove league">Hot stove league</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_luxury_tax" title="Major League Baseball luxury tax">Luxury tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_lockout" title="MLB lockout">Lockouts/strikes</a></li> <li>Media <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_logo" title="Major League Baseball logo">Logo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_on_the_radio" title="Major League Baseball on the radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_on_television" title="Major League Baseball on television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB.com" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Advanced_Media" title="MLB Advanced Media">MLB Advanced Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Network" title="MLB Network">MLB Network</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor League Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Draft_League" title="MLB Draft League">MLB Draft League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_Players_Association" title="Major League Baseball Players Association">Players Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Baseball_Classic_Inc." title="World Baseball Classic Inc.">World Baseball Classic Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_transactions" title="Major League Baseball transactions">Transactions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_agency_(Major_League_Baseball)" title="Free agency (Major League Baseball)">Free agency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes%27_list_of_the_most_valuable_MLB_clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes' list of the most valuable MLB clubs">Valuations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Meetings" title="Winter Meetings">Winter Meetings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instant_replay_in_Major_League_Baseball" title="Instant replay in Major League Baseball">Instant replay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_uniforms" title="Major League Baseball uniforms">Team uniforms</a> (<a href="/wiki/2024_Major_League_Baseball_uniform_controversy" title="2024 Major League Baseball uniform controversy">2024 controversy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Major_League_Baseball_stadiums" title="List of current Major League Baseball stadiums">Stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_mascots" title="List of Major League Baseball mascots">Mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_rivalries" title="Major League Baseball rivalries">Rivalries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Major_League_Baseball_and_Nippon_Professional_Baseball" title="Comparison of Major League Baseball and Nippon Professional Baseball">Comparison with Nippon Professional Baseball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_baseball_in_the_United_States" title="History of baseball in the United States">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_American_League" title="History of the American League">AL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_seasons" title="List of Major League Baseball seasons">Seasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_tie-breakers" title="List of Major League Baseball tie-breakers">Tie-breakers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_tie-breaking_procedures" title="Major League Baseball tie-breaking procedures">Tie-breaking procedures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_all-time_Major_League_Baseball_win%E2%80%93loss_records" title="List of all-time Major League Baseball win–loss records">All-time win–loss records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_records" title="List of Major League Baseball career records">Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_awards" title="List of Major League Baseball awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_retired_numbers" title="List of Major League Baseball retired numbers">Retired numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">Hall of Fame</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" title="List of members of the Baseball Hall of Fame">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Commission" title="National Baseball Commission">National Baseball Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_League" title="Continental League">Continental League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organized_baseball" title="Organized baseball">Organized baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_color_line" title="Baseball color line">Baseball color line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_black_Major_League_Baseball_players" title="List of first black Major League Baseball players">First black players in MLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Negro_league_baseball_players_who_played_in_Major_League_Baseball" title="List of Negro league baseball players who played in Major League Baseball">Negro leaguers who played in MLB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_Major_League_Baseball_principal_owners" title="List of female Major League Baseball principal owners">Women MLB owners</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Predecessors" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Professional_Base_Ball_Players" title="National Association of Professional Base Ball Players">National Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_(1882%E2%80%931891)" title="American Association (1882–1891)">American Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Association" title="Union Association">Union Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Players%27_League" title="Players' League">Players' League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_League" title="Federal League">Federal League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Major Negro leagues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931)" title="Negro National League (1920–1931)">Negro National League (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Colored_League" title="Eastern Colored League">Eastern Colored League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Negro_League" title="American Negro League">American Negro League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_League" title="East–West League">East–West League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negro_Southern_League_(1920%E2%80%931936)" title="Negro Southern League (1920–1936)">Negro Southern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931)" title="Negro National League (1920–1931)">Negro National League (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negro_American_League" title="Negro American League">Negro American League</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Steroid usage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_drug_policy" title="Major League Baseball drug policy">Drug policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_suspended_for_performance-enhancing_drugs" title="List of Major League Baseball players suspended for performance-enhancing drugs">suspensions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Report" title="Mitchell Report">Mitchell Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogenesis_scandal" title="Biogenesis scandal">Biogenesis scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BALCO_scandal" title="BALCO scandal">BALCO scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Bonds_perjury_case" title="Barry Bonds perjury case">Barry Bonds perjury case</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Timeline</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Major_League_Baseball" title="Timeline of Major League Baseball">Timeline of Major League Baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_baseball_team_nicknames" title="History of baseball team nicknames">History of team nicknames</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead-ball_era" title="Dead-ball era">Dead-ball era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live-ball_era" title="Live-ball era">Live-ball era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_baseball" title="Golden age of baseball">Golden age of baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_and_relocated_Major_League_Baseball_teams" title="List of defunct and relocated Major League Baseball teams">Defunct and relocated teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_relocations_of_1950s%E2%80%931960s" title="Major League Baseball relocations of 1950s–1960s">Relocations of the 1950s–1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_of_Major_League_Baseball" title="Expansion of Major League Baseball">Expansion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1961_Major_League_Baseball_expansion" title="1961 Major League Baseball expansion">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Major_League_Baseball_expansion" title="1962 Major League Baseball expansion">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Major_League_Baseball_expansion" title="1969 Major League Baseball expansion">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Major_League_Baseball_expansion" title="1977 Major League Baseball expansion">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Major_League_Baseball_expansion" title="1993 Major League Baseball expansion">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Major_League_Baseball_expansion" title="1998 Major League Baseball expansion">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_of_Major_League_Baseball#Potential_future_expansion_sites" title="Expansion of Major League Baseball">Potential</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Major_League_Baseball_contraction_plan" title="2001 Major League Baseball contraction plan">Contraction attempt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioner of Baseball">Commissioner</a></b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Rob_Manfred" title="Rob Manfred">Rob Manfred</a></b></li> <li>League Presidents <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_League_presidents" title="List of American League presidents">AL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_League_presidents" title="List of National League presidents">NL</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;background:#ccccff"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_League" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #CC0000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000088, inset -2px -2px 0 #000088; !important;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_League" title="Template:American League"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_League" title="Template talk:American League"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_League" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American League"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_League" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">American League</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC0000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000088, inset -2px -2px 0 #000088; !important;;;width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Parent league: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Major League Baseball</a></li> <li>Partner league: <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a></li> <li>Origins: (<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_American_League" title="History of the American League">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_League_(1885%E2%80%931899)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western League (1885–1899)">Western League</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_League_presidents" title="List of American League presidents">Presidents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC0000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000088, inset -2px -2px 0 #000088; !important;;;width:1%">Current teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC0000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000088, inset -2px -2px 0 #000088; !important;;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_League_East" title="American League East"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">East</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles" title="Baltimore Orioles">Baltimore Orioles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Rays" title="Tampa Bay Rays">Tampa Bay Rays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Blue_Jays" title="Toronto Blue Jays">Toronto Blue Jays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC0000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000088, inset -2px -2px 0 #000088; !important;;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_League_Central" title="American League Central"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">Central</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_White_Sox" title="Chicago White Sox">Chicago White Sox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Guardians" title="Cleveland Guardians">Cleveland Guardians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Tigers" title="Detroit Tigers">Detroit Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals" title="Kansas City Royals">Kansas City Royals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Twins" title="Minnesota Twins">Minnesota Twins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC0000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000088, inset -2px -2px 0 #000088; !important;;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_League_West" title="American League West"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">West</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics" title="Oakland Athletics">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros">Houston Astros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels" title="Los Angeles Angels">Los Angeles Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Mariners" title="Seattle Mariners">Seattle Mariners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Rangers_(baseball)" title="Texas Rangers (baseball)">Texas Rangers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC0000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000088, inset -2px -2px 0 #000088; !important;;;width:1%">Former, relocated,<br />and disestablished teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles_(1901%E2%80%931902)" title="Baltimore Orioles (1901–1902)">Baltimore Orioles</a> (1901–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Athletics" title="Kansas City Athletics">Kansas City Athletics</a> (1955–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers_(1894%E2%80%931901)" title="Milwaukee Brewers (1894–1901)">Milwaukee Brewers I</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers" title="Milwaukee Brewers">Milwaukee Brewers II</a> (1970–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Athletics" title="Philadelphia Athletics">Philadelphia Athletics</a> (1901–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Pilots" title="Seattle Pilots">Seattle Pilots</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Browns" title="St. Louis Browns">St. Louis Browns</a> (1902–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Senators_(1901%E2%80%931960)" title="Washington Senators (1901–1960)">Washington Senators I</a> (1901–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Senators_(1961%E2%80%931971)" title="Washington Senators (1961–1971)">Washington Senators II</a> (1961–1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC0000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000088, inset -2px -2px 0 #000088; !important;;;width:1%">Championship play</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_League_pennant_winners" title="List of American League pennant winners">Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_League_Championship_Series" title="American League Championship Series">Championship Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_League_Division_Series" title="American League Division Series">Division Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_Wild_Card_Game#American_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Major League Baseball Wild Card Game">Wild Card Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_League_Wild_Card_winners" title="List of American League Wild Card winners">Wild Card winners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #CC0000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000088, inset -2px -2px 0 #000088; !important;;;width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_baseball" title="Professional baseball">Professional baseball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_League" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #000088 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CC0000, inset -2px -2px 0 #CC0000; !important;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_League" title="Template:National League"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_League" title="Template talk:National League"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_League" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National League"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FFFFFF !important">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_League" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">National League</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000088 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CC0000, inset -2px -2px 0 #CC0000; !important;;;width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Parent league: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Major League Baseball</a></li> <li>Partner league: <a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_League_presidents" title="List of National League presidents">Honorary president</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Giles_(baseball)" title="Bill Giles (baseball)">Bill Giles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000088 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CC0000, inset -2px -2px 0 #CC0000; !important;;;width:1%">Current teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000088 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CC0000, inset -2px -2px 0 #CC0000; !important;};;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_League_East" title="National League East"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">East</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Braves" title="Atlanta Braves">Atlanta Braves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Marlins" title="Miami Marlins">Miami Marlins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">New York Mets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals" title="Washington Nationals">Washington Nationals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000088 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CC0000, inset -2px -2px 0 #CC0000; !important;};;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_League_Central" title="National League Central"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">Central</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs">Chicago Cubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds" title="Cincinnati Reds">Cincinnati Reds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers" title="Milwaukee Brewers">Milwaukee Brewers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates" title="Pittsburgh Pirates">Pittsburgh Pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000088 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CC0000, inset -2px -2px 0 #CC0000; !important;};;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_League_West" title="National League West"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">West</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Diamondbacks" title="Arizona Diamondbacks">Arizona Diamondbacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Rockies" title="Colorado Rockies">Colorado Rockies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Padres" title="San Diego Padres">San Diego Padres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants" title="San Francisco Giants">San Francisco Giants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000088 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CC0000, inset -2px -2px 0 #CC0000; !important;;;width:1%">Former, relocated,<br /> and disestablished teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19th-century_National_League_teams" title="19th-century National League teams">19th-century National League teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Braves" title="Boston Braves">Boston Beaneaters/Braves</a> (1883–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Braves" title="Milwaukee Braves">Milwaukee Braves</a> (1953–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Dodgers" title="Brooklyn Dodgers">Brooklyn Dodgers</a> (1883–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants_(baseball)" title="New York Giants (baseball)">New York Giants</a> (1883–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros">Houston Colt .45s/Astros</a> (1962–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Expos" title="Montreal Expos">Montreal Expos</a> (1969–2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000088 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CC0000, inset -2px -2px 0 #CC0000; !important;;;width:1%">Championship play</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_League_pennant_winners" title="List of National League pennant winners">Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_Championship_Series" title="National League Championship Series">Championship Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_Division_Series" title="National League Division Series">Division Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_Wild_Card_Game#National_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Major League Baseball Wild Card Game">Wild Card Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_League_Wild_Card_winners" title="List of National League Wild Card winners">Wild Card winners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000088 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #CC0000, inset -2px -2px 0 #CC0000; !important;;;width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_baseball" title="Professional baseball">Professional baseball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Histories_of_teams_in_Major_League_Baseball" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MLBHistory" title="Template:MLBHistory"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MLBHistory" title="Template talk:MLBHistory"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MLBHistory" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MLBHistory"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Histories_of_teams_in_Major_League_Baseball" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Histories of teams in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Major League Baseball</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFA7A7;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_American_League" title="History of the American League">American<br />League</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFA7A7;"><a href="/wiki/American_League_East" title="American League East">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Baltimore_Orioles" title="History of the Baltimore Orioles">Baltimore Orioles</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Boston_Red_Sox" title="History of the Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_New_York_Yankees" title="History of the New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Tampa_Bay_Rays" title="History of the Tampa Bay Rays">Tampa Bay Rays</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Toronto_Blue_Jays" title="History of the Toronto Blue Jays">Toronto Blue Jays</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFA7A7;"><a href="/wiki/American_League_Central" title="American League Central">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Chicago_White_Sox" title="History of the Chicago White Sox">Chicago White Sox</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Cleveland_Guardians" title="History of the Cleveland Guardians">Cleveland Guardians</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Detroit_Tigers" title="History of the Detroit Tigers">Detroit Tigers</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kansas_City_Royals" title="History of the Kansas City Royals">Kansas City Royals</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Minnesota_Twins" title="History of the Minnesota Twins">Minnesota Twins</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFA7A7;"><a href="/wiki/American_League_West" title="American League West">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Oakland_Athletics" title="History of the Oakland Athletics">Athletics</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Houston_Astros" title="History of the Houston Astros">Houston Astros</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Los_Angeles_Angels" title="History of the Los Angeles Angels">Los Angeles Angels</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Seattle_Mariners" title="History of the Seattle Mariners">Seattle Mariners</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Texas_Rangers_(baseball)" title="History of the Texas Rangers (baseball)">Texas Rangers</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National<br />League</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_East" title="National League East">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Atlanta_Braves" title="History of the Atlanta Braves">Atlanta Braves</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Miami_Marlins" title="History of the Miami Marlins">Miami Marlins</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_New_York_Mets" title="History of the New York Mets">New York Mets</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philadelphia_Phillies" title="History of the Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Washington_Nationals" title="History of the Washington Nationals">Washington Nationals</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_Central" title="National League Central">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Chicago_Cubs" title="History of the Chicago Cubs">Chicago Cubs</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Cincinnati_Reds" title="History of the Cincinnati Reds">Cincinnati Reds</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Milwaukee_Brewers" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Milwaukee Brewers">Milwaukee Brewers</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Pittsburgh_Pirates" title="History of the Pittsburgh Pirates">Pittsburgh Pirates</a> • <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1875%E2%80%931919)" title="History of the St. Louis Cardinals (1875–1919)">(1875–1919)</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1920%E2%80%931952)" title="History of the St. Louis Cardinals (1920–1952)">(1920–1952)</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1953%E2%80%931989)" title="History of the St. Louis Cardinals (1953–1989)">(1953–1989)</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_St._Louis_Cardinals_(1990%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the St. Louis Cardinals (1990–present)">(1990–present)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #B7D0FF;"><a href="/wiki/National_League_West" title="National League West">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Arizona_Diamondbacks" title="History of the Arizona Diamondbacks">Arizona Diamondbacks</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Colorado_Rockies" title="History of the Colorado Rockies">Colorado Rockies</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="History of the Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_San_Diego_Padres" title="History of the San Diego Padres">San Diego Padres</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_San_Francisco_Giants" title="History of the San Francisco Giants">San Francisco Giants</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relocated<br />teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers_(1894%E2%80%931901)" title="Milwaukee Brewers (1894–1901)">Milwaukee Brewers</a> (1901) • <a href="/wiki/Boston_Braves" title="Boston Braves">Boston Braves</a> (1871–1952) • <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Browns" title="St. Louis Browns">St. Louis Browns</a> (1902–1953) • <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Athletics" title="Philadelphia Athletics">Philadelphia Athletics</a> (1901–1954) • <a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants_(baseball)" title="New York Giants (baseball)">New York Giants</a> (1883–1957) • <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Dodgers" title="Brooklyn Dodgers">Brooklyn Dodgers</a> (1884–1957) • <a href="/wiki/Washington_Senators_(1901%E2%80%931960)" title="Washington Senators (1901–1960)">Washington Senators</a> (1901–1960) • <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Braves" title="Milwaukee Braves">Milwaukee Braves</a> (1953–1965) • <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Athletics" title="Kansas City Athletics">Kansas City Athletics</a> (1955–1967) • <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Pilots" title="Seattle Pilots">Seattle Pilots</a> (1969) • <a href="/wiki/Washington_Senators_(1961%E2%80%931971)" title="Washington Senators (1961–1971)">Washington Senators</a> (1961–1971) • <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Expos" title="Montreal Expos">Montreal Expos</a> (1969–2004) • <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics" title="Oakland Athletics">Oakland Athletics</a> (1968–2024)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct<br />teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Mutuals" title="New York Mutuals">New York Mutuals</a> (1876) • <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Athletics_(1860%E2%80%931876)" title="Philadelphia Athletics (1860–1876)">Athletic of Philadelphia</a> (1876) • <a href="/wiki/Hartford_Dark_Blues" title="Hartford Dark Blues">Hartford Dark Blues</a> (1875–76) • <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Brown_Stockings" title="St. Louis Brown Stockings">St. Louis Brown Stockings</a> (1876–77) • <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Grays" title="Louisville Grays">Louisville Grays</a> (1876–77) • <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Blues" title="Indianapolis Blues">Indianapolis Blues</a> (1878) • <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Grays" title="Milwaukee Grays">Milwaukee Grays</a> (1878) • <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_Stars_(National_League)" title="Syracuse Stars (National League)">Syracuse Stars</a> (1878) • <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds_(1876%E2%80%931879)" title="Cincinnati Reds (1876–1879)">Cincinnati Red Stockings</a> (1876–1879) • <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Stars" title="Cincinnati Stars">Cincinnati Stars</a> (1880) • <a href="/wiki/Worcester_Worcesters" title="Worcester Worcesters">Worcester Worcesters</a> (1880–1882) • <a href="/wiki/Providence_Grays" title="Providence Grays">Providence Grays</a> (1878–1885) • <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bisons_(National_League)" title="Buffalo Bisons (National League)">Buffalo Bisons</a> (1879–1885) • <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Blues_(National_League)" title="Cleveland Blues (National League)">Cleveland Blues</a> (1879–1884) • <a href="/wiki/Troy_Trojans_(National_League)" title="Troy Trojans (National League)">Troy Trojans</a> (1879–1882) • <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Maroons/Indianapolis_Hoosiers" title="St. Louis Maroons/Indianapolis Hoosiers">St. Louis Maroons</a> (1885–86) • <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Cowboys_(National_League)" title="Kansas City Cowboys (National League)">Kansas City Cowboys</a> (1886) • <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Wolverines" title="Detroit Wolverines">Detroit Wolverines</a> (1881–1888) • <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Maroons/Indianapolis_Hoosiers" title="St. Louis Maroons/Indianapolis Hoosiers">Indianapolis Hoosiers</a> (1887–1889) • <a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals_(1886%E2%80%931889)" title="Washington Nationals (1886–1889)">Washington Nationals (1886–1889)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Spiders" title="Cleveland Spiders">Cleveland Spiders</a> (1887–1899) • <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles_(1882%E2%80%931899)" title="Baltimore Orioles (1882–1899)">Baltimore Orioles (1882–1899)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Colonels" title="Louisville Colonels">Louisville Colonels</a> (1892–1899) • <a href="/wiki/Washington_Senators_(1891%E2%80%931899)" title="Washington Senators (1891–1899)">Washington Senators (1891–1899)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles_(1901%E2%80%931902)" title="Baltimore Orioles (1901–1902)">Baltimore Orioles</a> (1901–1902)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_League_Baseball_seasons" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MLB_seasons" title="Template:MLB seasons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MLB_seasons" title="Template talk:MLB seasons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MLB_seasons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MLB seasons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_League_Baseball_seasons" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_seasons" title="List of Major League Baseball seasons">Major League Baseball seasons</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-modern era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beginnings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1876_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1876 Major League Baseball season">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1877_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1877 Major League Baseball season">1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1878_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1878 Major League Baseball season">1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1879_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1879 Major League Baseball season">1879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1880 Major League Baseball season">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1881_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1881 Major League Baseball season">1881</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1882_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1882 Major League Baseball season">1882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1883_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1883 Major League Baseball season">1883</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1884 Major League Baseball season">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1885_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1885 Major League Baseball season">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1886 Major League Baseball season">1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1887 Major League Baseball season">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1888 Major League Baseball season">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1889_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1889 Major League Baseball season">1889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1890_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1890 Major League Baseball season">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1891 Major League Baseball season">1891</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">NL monopoly</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1892_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1892 Major League Baseball season">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1893 Major League Baseball season">1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1894 Major League Baseball season">1894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1895 Major League Baseball season">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1896 Major League Baseball season">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1897_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1897 Major League Baseball season">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1898_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1898 Major League Baseball season">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1899 Major League Baseball season">1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Major_League_Baseball_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1900 Major League Baseball season">1900</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dead-ball_era" title="Dead-ball era">Dead-ball era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1901_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1901 Major League Baseball season">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1902 Major League Baseball season">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1903 Major League Baseball season">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1904 Major League Baseball season">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1905 Major League Baseball season">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1906 Major League Baseball season">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1907 Major League Baseball season">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1908 Major League Baseball season">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1909 Major League Baseball season">1909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1910 Major League Baseball season">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1911 Major League Baseball season">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1912 Major League Baseball season">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1913 Major League Baseball season">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1914 Major League Baseball season">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1915 Major League Baseball season">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1916 Major League Baseball season">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1917 Major League Baseball season">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1918 Major League Baseball season">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1919 Major League Baseball season">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1920 Major League Baseball season">1920</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Live-ball_era" title="Live-ball era">Live-ball era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1921_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1921 Major League Baseball season">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1922 Major League Baseball season">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1923 Major League Baseball season">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1924 Major League Baseball season">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1925 Major League Baseball season">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1926 Major League Baseball season">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1927 Major League Baseball season">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1928 Major League Baseball season">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1929 Major League Baseball season">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1930 Major League Baseball season">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1931 Major League Baseball season">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1932 Major League Baseball season">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1933 Major League Baseball season">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1934 Major League Baseball season">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1935 Major League Baseball season">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1936 Major League Baseball season">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1937 Major League Baseball season">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1938 Major League Baseball season">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1939 Major League Baseball season">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1940 Major League Baseball season">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1941 Major League Baseball season">1941</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1942_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1942 Major League Baseball season">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1943 Major League Baseball season">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1944 Major League Baseball season">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1945 Major League Baseball season">1945</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-war" title="Post-war">Post-war</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baseball_color_line" title="Baseball color line">integration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1946 Major League Baseball season">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1947 Major League Baseball season">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1948 Major League Baseball season">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1949 Major League Baseball season">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1950 Major League Baseball season">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1951 Major League Baseball season">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1952 Major League Baseball season">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1953 Major League Baseball season">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1954 Major League Baseball season">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1955 Major League Baseball season">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1956 Major League Baseball season">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1957 Major League Baseball season">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1958 Major League Baseball season">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1959 Major League Baseball season">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1960 Major League Baseball season">1960</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1961_Major_League_Baseball_expansion" title="1961 Major League Baseball expansion">First expansion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1961_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1961 Major League Baseball season">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1962 Major League Baseball season">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1963 Major League Baseball season">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1964 Major League Baseball season">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1965 Major League Baseball season">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1966 Major League Baseball season">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1967 Major League Baseball season">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1968 Major League Baseball season">1968</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1969_Major_League_Baseball_expansion" title="1969 Major League Baseball expansion">Birth of division play</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1969_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1969 Major League Baseball season">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1970 Major League Baseball season">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1971 Major League Baseball season">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1972 Major League Baseball season">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1973 Major League Baseball season">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1974 Major League Baseball season">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1975 Major League Baseball season">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1976 Major League Baseball season">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1977 Major League Baseball season">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1978 Major League Baseball season">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1979 Major League Baseball season">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1980 Major League Baseball season">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1981 Major League Baseball season">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1982 Major League Baseball season">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1983 Major League Baseball season">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1984 Major League Baseball season">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1985 Major League Baseball season">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1986 Major League Baseball season">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1987 Major League Baseball season">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1988 Major League Baseball season">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1989 Major League Baseball season">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1990 Major League Baseball season">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1991 Major League Baseball season">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1992 Major League Baseball season">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1993 Major League Baseball season">1993</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_Wild_Card#One_wild_card_per_league_(1994–2011)" title="Major League Baseball Wild Card">Wild Card begins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1994 Major League Baseball season">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1995 Major League Baseball season">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1996 Major League Baseball season">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1997 Major League Baseball season">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1998 Major League Baseball season">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="1999 Major League Baseball season">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2000 Major League Baseball season">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2001 Major League Baseball season">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2002 Major League Baseball season">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2003 Major League Baseball season">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2004 Major League Baseball season">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2005 Major League Baseball season">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2006 Major League Baseball season">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2007 Major League Baseball season">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2008 Major League Baseball season">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2009 Major League Baseball season">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2010 Major League Baseball season">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2011 Major League Baseball season">2011</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_Wild_Card#Two_wild_cards_per_league_(2012–present)" title="Major League Baseball Wild Card">Wild Card expansion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2012 Major League Baseball season">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2013 Major League Baseball season">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2014 Major League Baseball season">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2015 Major League Baseball season">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2016 Major League Baseball season">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2017 Major League Baseball season">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2018 Major League Baseball season">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2019 Major League Baseball season">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2020 Major League Baseball season">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2021 Major League Baseball season">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2022 Major League Baseball season">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pitch_clock" title="Pitch clock">Pitch clock era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2023 Major League Baseball season">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2024 Major League Baseball season">2024</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2025_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2025 Major League Baseball season">2025</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_schedule" title="Major League Baseball schedule">Major League Baseball schedule</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Major League Baseball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_League_Baseball_records" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_League_Baseball_records" title="Template:Major League Baseball records"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_League_Baseball_records" title="Template talk:Major League Baseball records"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_League_Baseball_records" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major League Baseball records"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_League_Baseball_records" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Major League Baseball</a> records</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Baseball_statistics" title="Baseball statistics">Baseball statistics</a> (types of records)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_records" title="List of Major League Baseball career records">Career records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_single-game_records" title="List of Major League Baseball single-game records">Single-game records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_single-season_records" title="List of Major League Baseball single-season records">Single-season records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_record_breakers_by_season" title="List of Major League Baseball record breakers by season">Record breakers by season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_records_considered_unbreakable" title="List of Major League Baseball records considered unbreakable">Records considered unbreakable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_titles_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball titles leaders">Titles leaders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Batting<br />leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_batting_average_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career batting average leaders">Batting average</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_hits_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders">Hits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3,000-hit_club" title="3,000-hit club">3,000 club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_progressive_career_hits_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball progressive career hits leaders">Progressive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_at_bat_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career at bat leaders">At bats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_singles_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career singles leaders">Singles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_doubles_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career doubles leaders">Doubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_triples_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career triples leaders">Triples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_home_run_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders">Home runs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/500_home_run_club" title="500 home run club">500 club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/600_home_run_club" title="600 home run club">600 club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_progressive_career_home_runs_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball progressive career home runs leaders">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_leaders_in_home_runs_by_pitchers" title="List of Major League Baseball leaders in home runs by pitchers">Pitchers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_extra_base_hits_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career extra base hits leaders">Extra base hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_runs_batted_in_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career runs batted in leaders">RBIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_bases_on_balls_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career bases on balls leaders">Walks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_intentional_bases_on_balls_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career intentional bases on balls leaders">Intentional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_on-base_percentage_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career on-base percentage leaders">On-base percentage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_slugging_percentage_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career slugging percentage leaders">Slugging percentage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_OPS_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career OPS leaders">OPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_times_on_base_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career times on base leaders">Times on base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_total_bases_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career total bases leaders">Total bases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_hit_by_pitch_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career hit by pitch leaders">HBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_strikeouts_by_batters_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career strikeouts by batters leaders">Strikeouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_plate_appearance_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career plate appearance leaders">Plate appearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_games_played_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career games played leaders">Games played</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Annual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_batting_champions" title="List of Major League Baseball batting champions"> Batting average</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_doubles_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball annual doubles leaders">Doubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_triples_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders">Triples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_home_run_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders">Home runs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_runs_batted_in_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball annual runs batted in leaders">RBI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Season</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_with_a_.400_batting_average_in_a_season" title="List of Major League Baseball players with a .400 batting average in a season">Batting average</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_single-season_triples_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball single-season triples leaders">Triples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_home_run_club" title="50 home run club">Home run</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_progressive_single-season_home_run_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball progressive single-season home run leaders">Progressive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_doubles_records#Doubles_in_one_season" title="List of Major League Baseball doubles records">Doubles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Game</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Home runs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_single-game_home_run_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball single-game home run leaders">Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_single-inning_home_run_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball single-inning home run leaders">Inning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_to_hit_for_the_cycle" title="List of Major League Baseball players to hit for the cycle">Hitting for the cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_single-game_grand_slam_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball single-game grand slam leaders">Grand slams</a></li> <li>RBI <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_single-game_runs_batted_in_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball single-game runs batted in leaders">Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_single-inning_runs_batted_in_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball single-inning runs batted in leaders">Inning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_single-game_hits_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball single-game hits leaders">Hits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitting_streak" title="Hitting streak">Consecutive game hitting streak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_hit_records" title="List of Major League Baseball hit records">Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_home_run_records" title="List of Major League Baseball home run records">Home runs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_doubles_records" title="List of Major League Baseball doubles records">Doubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_triples_records" title="List of Major League Baseball triples records">Triples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_runs_batted_in_records" title="List of Major League Baseball runs batted in records">RBIs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Baserunning<br />leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_runs_scored_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders">Runs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_stolen_bases_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders">Stolen bases</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Annual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_runs_scored_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball annual runs scored leaders">Runs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_stolen_base_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball annual stolen base leaders">Stolen bases</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Game</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_single-game_runs_scored_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball single-game runs scored leaders">Runs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_runs_records" title="List of Major League Baseball runs records">Runs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_stolen_base_records" title="List of Major League Baseball stolen base records">Stolen bases</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pitching<br />leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_wins_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career wins leaders">Wins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/300-win_club" title="300-win club">300 club</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_losses_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career losses leaders">Losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_games_started_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career games started leaders">Games started</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_games_finished_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career games finished leaders">Games finished</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_innings_pitched_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career innings pitched leaders">Innings pitched</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_strikeout_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career strikeout leaders">Strikeouts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3,000_strikeout_club" title="3,000 strikeout club">3,000 club</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hold_(baseball)" title="Hold (baseball)">Hold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_saves_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career saves leaders">Saves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/300_save_club" title="300 save club">300 club</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_complete_games_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career complete games leaders">Complete games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_shutout_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career shutout leaders">Shutouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_ERA_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career ERA leaders">ERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_FIP_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career FIP leaders">FIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_WHIP_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career WHIP leaders">WHIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_bases_on_balls_allowed_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career bases on balls allowed leaders">Walks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_hit_batsmen_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career hit batsmen leaders">Hit batsmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_wild_pitches_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career wild pitches leaders">Wild pitches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_batters_faced_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career batters faced leaders">Batters faced</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Annual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_wins_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders">Wins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_saves_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball annual saves leaders">Saves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_shutout_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball annual shutout leaders">Shutouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_strikeout_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball annual strikeout leaders">Strikeouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_ERA_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders">ERA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Season</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_single-season_wins_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball single-season wins leaders">Wins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_single-season_losses_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball single-season losses leaders">Losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/300_strikeout_club" title="300 strikeout club">Strikeouts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Game</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_no-hitters" title="List of Major League Baseball no-hitters">No-hitters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_perfect_games" title="List of Major League Baseball perfect games">Perfect games</a></li> <li>Strikeouts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_single-game_strikeout_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball single-game strikeout leaders">Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_single-inning_strikeout_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball single-inning strikeout leaders">Inning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_pitchers_who_have_thrown_an_immaculate_inning" title="List of Major League Baseball pitchers who have thrown an immaculate inning">Immaculate innings</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scoreless_innings_streak" title="Scoreless innings streak">Consecutive scoreless innings streak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_wins_records" title="List of Major League Baseball wins records">Wins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fielding<br />leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Games played <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_games_played_as_a_pitcher_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career games played as a pitcher leaders">P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_games_played_as_a_catcher_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career games played as a catcher leaders">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_games_played_as_a_first_baseman_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career games played as a first baseman leaders">1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_games_played_as_a_second_baseman_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career games played as a second baseman leaders">2B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_games_played_as_a_third_baseman_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career games played as a third baseman leaders">3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_games_played_as_a_shortstop_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career games played as a shortstop leaders">SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_games_played_as_an_outfielder_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career games played as an outfielder leaders">OF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_games_played_as_a_left_fielder_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career games played as a left fielder leaders">LF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_games_played_as_a_center_fielder_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career games played as a center fielder leaders">CF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_games_played_as_a_right_fielder_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career games played as a right fielder leaders">RF</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_putouts_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career putouts leaders">Putouts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_putouts_as_a_pitcher_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career putouts as a pitcher leaders">P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_putouts_as_a_catcher_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career putouts as a catcher leaders">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_putouts_as_a_first_baseman_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career putouts as a first baseman leaders">1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_putouts_as_a_second_baseman_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career putouts as a second baseman leaders">2B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_putouts_as_a_third_baseman_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career putouts as a third baseman leaders">3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_putouts_as_a_shortstop_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career putouts as a shortstop leaders">SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_putouts_as_an_outfielder_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career putouts as an outfielder leaders">OF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_putouts_as_a_left_fielder_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career putouts as a left fielder leaders">LF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_putouts_as_a_center_fielder_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career putouts as a center fielder leaders">CF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_putouts_as_a_right_fielder_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career putouts as a right fielder leaders">RF</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_assists_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career assists leaders">Assists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_assists_as_a_pitcher_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career assists as a pitcher leaders">P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_assists_as_a_catcher_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career assists as a catcher leaders">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_assists_as_a_first_baseman_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career assists as a first baseman leaders">1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_assists_as_a_second_baseman_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career assists as a second baseman leaders">2B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_assists_as_a_third_baseman_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career assists as a third baseman leaders">3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_assists_as_a_shortstop_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career assists as a shortstop leaders">SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_assists_as_an_outfielder_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career assists as an outfielder leaders">OF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_assists_as_a_left_fielder_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career assists as a left fielder leaders">LF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_assists_as_a_center_fielder_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career assists as a center fielder leaders">CF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_assists_as_a_right_fielder_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career assists as a right fielder leaders">RF</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_double_plays_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career double plays leaders">Double plays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_fielding_errors_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career fielding errors leaders">Errors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_fielding_errors_as_a_pitcher_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career fielding errors as a pitcher leaders">P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_fielding_errors_as_a_catcher_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career fielding errors as a catcher leaders">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_fielding_errors_as_a_first_baseman_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career fielding errors as a first baseman leaders">1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_fielding_errors_as_a_second_baseman_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career fielding errors as a second baseman leaders">2B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_fielding_errors_as_a_third_baseman_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career fielding errors as a third baseman leaders">3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_fielding_errors_as_a_shortstop_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career fielding errors as a shortstop leaders">SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_fielding_errors_as_an_outfielder_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career fielding errors as an outfielder leaders">OF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_fielding_errors_as_a_left_fielder_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career fielding errors as a left fielder leaders">LF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_fielding_errors_as_a_center_fielder_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career fielding errors as a center fielder leaders">CF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_fielding_errors_as_a_right_fielder_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career fielding errors as a right fielder leaders">RF</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_passed_balls_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career passed balls leaders">Passed balls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Annual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_putouts_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball annual putouts leaders">Putouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_assists_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball annual assists leaders">Assists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_fielding_errors_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball annual fielding errors leaders">Errors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Managing<br />records</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_managerial_wins_and_winning_percentage_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball managerial wins and winning percentage leaders">Wins and winning percentage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_managers_with_most_career_ejections" title="List of Major League Baseball managers with most career ejections">Ejections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple stat<br />records</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Crown_(baseball)" title="Triple Crown (baseball)">Triple Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20%E2%80%9320%E2%80%9320_club" title="20–20–20 club">20–20–20 club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30%E2%80%9330_club" title="30–30 club">30–30 club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40%E2%80%9340_club" title="40–40 club">40–40 club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40%E2%80%9340_club#50–50_club" title="40–40 club">50–50 club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_consecutive_games_played_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball consecutive games played leaders">Consecutive games played</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_longest_winning_streaks" title="List of Major League Baseball longest winning streaks">Longest winning streaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_longest_losing_streaks" title="List of Major League Baseball longest losing streaks">Longest losing streaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_individual_streaks" title="List of Major League Baseball individual streaks">Individual streaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_all-time_Major_League_Baseball_win%E2%80%93loss_records" title="List of all-time Major League Baseball win–loss records">All-time win–loss records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_attendance_records" title="List of Major League Baseball attendance records">Attendances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_umpiring_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball umpiring leaders">Umpiring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_WAR_leaders" title="List of Major League Baseball career WAR leaders">Wins above Replacement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_members" title="Template:Baseball Hall of Fame members"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_members" title="Template talk:Baseball Hall of Fame members"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_members" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball Hall of Fame members"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" title="List of members of the Baseball Hall of Fame">Members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">National Baseball Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pitchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland_Alexander" title="Grover Cleveland Alexander">Alexander</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Bender" title="Chief Bender">Bender</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bert_Blyleven" title="Bert Blyleven">Blyleven</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mordecai_Brown" title="Mordecai Brown">M. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Brown_(Negro_leagues_pitcher)" title="Ray Brown (Negro leagues pitcher)">R. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bunning" title="Jim Bunning">Bunning</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Carlton" title="Steve Carlton">Carlton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Chesbro" title="Jack Chesbro">Chesbro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Clarkson" title="John Clarkson">Clarkson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Cooper" title="Andy Cooper">Cooper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Coveleski" title="Stan Coveleski">Coveleski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Day" title="Leon Day">Day</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Dean" title="Dizzy Dean">Dean</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Dihigo" title="Martín Dihigo">Dihigo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Don_Drysdale" title="Don Drysdale">Drysdale</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Eckersley" title="Dennis Eckersley">Eckersley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Red_Faber" title="Red Faber">Faber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Feller" title="Bob Feller">Feller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rollie_Fingers" title="Rollie Fingers">Fingers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whitey_Ford" title="Whitey Ford">Ford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Foster_(baseball)" title="Bill Foster (baseball)">B. Foster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pud_Galvin" title="Pud Galvin">Galvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Gibson" title="Bob Gibson">B. Gibson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Glavine" title="Tom Glavine">Glavine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lefty_Gomez" title="Lefty Gomez">Gomez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goose_Gossage" title="Goose Gossage">Gossage</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burleigh_Grimes" title="Burleigh Grimes">Grimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lefty_Grove" title="Lefty Grove">Grove</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Haines" title="Jesse Haines">Haines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Halladay" title="Roy Halladay">Halladay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Hoffman" title="Trevor Hoffman">Hoffman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waite_Hoyt" title="Waite Hoyt">Hoyt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hubbell" title="Carl Hubbell">Hubbell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catfish_Hunter" title="Catfish Hunter">Hunter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Jenkins" title="Ferguson Jenkins">Jenkins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Randy_Johnson" title="Randy Johnson">R. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Johnson" title="Walter Johnson">W. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Addie_Joss" title="Addie Joss">Joss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Kaat" title="Jim Kaat">Kaat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Keefe" title="Tim Keefe">Keefe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Koufax" title="Sandy Koufax">Koufax</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Lemon" title="Bob Lemon">Lemon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Lyons" title="Ted Lyons">Lyons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greg_Maddux" title="Greg Maddux">Maddux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Marichal" title="Juan Marichal">Marichal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rube_Marquard" title="Rube Marquard">Marquard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Pedro Martínez">P. Martínez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christy_Mathewson" title="Christy Mathewson">Mathewson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_McGinnity" title="Joe McGinnity">McGinnity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_M%C3%A9ndez" title="José Méndez">Méndez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Morris" title="Jack Morris">Morris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mussina" title="Mike Mussina">Mussina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hal_Newhouser" title="Hal Newhouser">Newhouser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kid_Nichols" title="Kid Nichols">Nichols</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Niekro" title="Phil Niekro">Niekro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Satchel_Paige" title="Satchel Paige">Paige</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Palmer" title="Jim Palmer">Palmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herb_Pennock" title="Herb Pennock">Pennock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Perry" title="Gaylord Perry">Perry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Plank" title="Eddie Plank">Plank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Radbourn" title="Charles Radbourn">Radbourn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rivera" title="Mariano Rivera">Rivera</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eppa_Rixey" title="Eppa Rixey">Rixey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Roberts_(baseball)" title="Robin Roberts (baseball)">Roberts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bullet_Rogan" title="Bullet Rogan">Rogan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Red_Ruffing" title="Red Ruffing">Ruffing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amos_Rusie" title="Amos Rusie">Rusie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nolan_Ryan" title="Nolan Ryan">Ryan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Seaver" title="Tom Seaver">Seaver</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Smith" title="Hilton Smith">H. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Smith_(baseball)" title="Lee Smith (baseball)">L. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Smoltz" title="John Smoltz">Smoltz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Spahn" title="Warren Spahn">Spahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sutter" title="Bruce Sutter">Sutter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Don_Sutton" title="Don Sutton">Sutton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dazzy_Vance" title="Dazzy Vance">Vance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rube_Waddell" title="Rube Waddell">Waddell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Walsh" title="Ed Walsh">Walsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Welch" title="Mickey Welch">Welch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Wilhelm" title="Hoyt Wilhelm">Wilhelm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Joe_Williams" title="Smokey Joe Williams">J. Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vic_Willis" title="Vic Willis">Willis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Early_Wynn" title="Early Wynn">Wynn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cy_Young" title="Cy Young">Young</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Catchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Bench" title="Johnny Bench">Bench</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Berra" title="Yogi Berra">Berra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bresnahan" title="Roger Bresnahan">Bresnahan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Campanella" title="Roy Campanella">Campanella</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Carter" title="Gary Carter">Carter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Cochrane" title="Mickey Cochrane">Cochrane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Dickey" title="Bill Dickey">Dickey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buck_Ewing" title="Buck Ewing">Ewing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rick_Ferrell" title="Rick Ferrell">Ferrell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Fisk" title="Carlton Fisk">Fisk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josh_Gibson" title="Josh Gibson">J. Gibson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gabby_Hartnett" title="Gabby Hartnett">Hartnett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Lombardi" title="Ernie Lombardi">Lombardi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biz_Mackey" title="Biz Mackey">Mackey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Mauer" title="Joe Mauer">Mauer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Piazza" title="Mike Piazza">Piazza</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Iván Rodríguez">Rodríguez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Santop" title="Louis Santop">Santop</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Schalk" title="Ray Schalk">Schalk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Simmons" title="Ted Simmons">T. Simmons</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First basemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cap_Anson" title="Cap Anson">Anson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bagwell" title="Jeff Bagwell">Bagwell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jake_Beckley" title="Jake Beckley">Beckley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bottomley" title="Jim Bottomley">Bottomley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Brouthers" title="Dan Brouthers">Brouthers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Cepeda" title="Orlando Cepeda">Cepeda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chance" title="Frank Chance">Chance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Connor" title="Roger Connor">Connor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Foxx" title="Jimmie Foxx">Foxx</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lou_Gehrig" title="Lou Gehrig">Gehrig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hank_Greenberg" title="Hank Greenberg">Greenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Helton" title="Todd Helton">Helton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gil_Hodges" title="Gil Hodges">Hodges</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Kelly_(baseball)" title="George Kelly (baseball)">G. Kelly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harmon_Killebrew" title="Harmon Killebrew">Killebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buck_Leonard" title="Buck Leonard">Leonard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_McCovey" title="Willie McCovey">McCovey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_McGriff" title="Fred McGriff">McGriff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mize" title="Johnny Mize">Mize</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Murray" title="Eddie Murray">Murray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_P%C3%A9rez" title="Tony Pérez">Pérez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Sisler" title="George Sisler">Sisler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mule_Suttles" title="Mule Suttles">Suttles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Taylor_(first_baseman,_born_1888)" title="Ben Taylor (first baseman, born 1888)">Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Terry" title="Bill Terry">Terry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Thomas_(designated_hitter)" title="Frank Thomas (designated hitter)">Thomas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Thome" title="Jim Thome">Thome</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second basemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Alomar" title="Roberto Alomar">Alomar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Biggio" title="Craig Biggio">Biggio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rod_Carew" title="Rod Carew">Carew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Collins" title="Eddie Collins">E. Collins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Doerr" title="Bobby Doerr">Doerr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Evers" title="Johnny Evers">Evers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Fox" title="Nellie Fox">Fox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frankie_Frisch" title="Frankie Frisch">Frisch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Gehringer" title="Charlie Gehringer">Gehringer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Gordon" title="Joe Gordon">Gordon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Herman" title="Billy Herman">Herman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Hornsby" title="Rogers Hornsby">Hornsby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nap_Lajoie" title="Nap Lajoie">Lajoie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lazzeri" title="Tony Lazzeri">Lazzeri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Mazeroski" title="Bill Mazeroski">Mazeroski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bid_McPhee" title="Bid McPhee">McPhee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Morgan" title="Joe Morgan">Morgan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">J. Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ryne_Sandberg" title="Ryne Sandberg">Sandberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Red_Schoendienst" title="Red Schoendienst">Schoendienst</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third basemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Home_Run_Baker" title="Home Run Baker">Baker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adri%C3%A1n_Beltr%C3%A9" title="Adrián Beltré">Beltré</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wade_Boggs" title="Wade Boggs">Boggs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Brett" title="George Brett">Brett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Collins" title="Jimmy Collins">J. Collins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Dandridge" title="Ray Dandridge">Dandridge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judy_Johnson" title="Judy Johnson">J. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chipper_Jones" title="Chipper Jones">Jones</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Kell" title="George Kell">Kell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Lindstrom" title="Freddie Lindstrom">Lindstrom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Mathews" title="Eddie Mathews">Mathews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Molitor" title="Paul Molitor">Molitor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Robinson" title="Brooks Robinson">B. Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Rolen" title="Scott Rolen">Rolen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Santo" title="Ron Santo">Santo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Schmidt" title="Mike Schmidt">Schmidt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pie_Traynor" title="Pie Traynor">Traynor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deacon_White" title="Deacon White">D. White</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jud_Wilson" title="Jud Wilson">J. Wilson</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shortstops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Aparicio" title="Luis Aparicio">Aparicio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luke_Appling" title="Luke Appling">Appling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Bancroft" title="Dave Bancroft">Bancroft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Banks" title="Ernie Banks">Banks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lou_Boudreau" title="Lou Boudreau">Boudreau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Cronin" title="Joe Cronin">Cronin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Davis_(baseball)" title="George Davis (baseball)">Davis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Travis_Jackson" title="Travis Jackson">T. Jackson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hughie_Jennings" title="Hughie Jennings">Jennings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jeter" title="Derek Jeter">Jeter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Larkin" title="Barry Larkin">Larkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Lloyd" title="John Henry Lloyd">Lloyd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Maranville" title="Rabbit Maranville">Maranville</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pee_Wee_Reese" title="Pee Wee Reese">Reese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cal_Ripken_Jr." title="Cal Ripken Jr.">Ripken Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Rizzuto" title="Phil Rizzuto">Rizzuto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sewell" title="Joe Sewell">Sewell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ozzie_Smith" title="Ozzie Smith">O. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Tinker" title="Joe Tinker">Tinker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Trammell" title="Alan Trammell">Trammell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arky_Vaughan" title="Arky Vaughan">Vaughan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Honus_Wagner" title="Honus Wagner">Wagner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Wallace_(baseball)" title="Bobby Wallace (baseball)">Wallace</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Montgomery_Ward" title="John Montgomery Ward">Ward</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_Wells" title="Willie Wells">Wells</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Yount" title="Robin Yount">Yount</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Left fielders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lou_Brock" title="Lou Brock">Brock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Burkett" title="Jesse Burkett">Burkett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Clarke" title="Fred Clarke">Clarke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Delahanty" title="Ed Delahanty">Delahanty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goose_Goslin" title="Goose Goslin">Goslin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chick_Hafey" title="Chick Hafey">Hafey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rickey_Henderson" title="Rickey Henderson">Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Monte_Irvin" title="Monte Irvin">Irvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kelley" title="Joe Kelley">Kelley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Kiner" title="Ralph Kiner">Kiner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heinie_Manush" title="Heinie Manush">Manush</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Medwick" title="Joe Medwick">Medwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Minnie_Mi%C3%B1oso" title="Minnie Miñoso">Miñoso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Musial" title="Stan Musial">Musial</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_O%27Rourke_(baseball)" title="Jim O'Rourke (baseball)">O'Rourke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Raines" title="Tim Raines">Raines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rice" title="Jim Rice">J. Rice</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Simmons" title="Al Simmons">A. Simmons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_Stargell" title="Willie Stargell">Stargell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zack_Wheat" title="Zack Wheat">Wheat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Williams" title="Billy Williams">B. Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Williams" title="Ted Williams">T. Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Yastrzemski" title="Carl Yastrzemski">Yastrzemski</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Center fielders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richie_Ashburn" title="Richie Ashburn">Ashburn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earl_Averill" title="Earl Averill">Averill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cool_Papa_Bell" title="Cool Papa Bell">Bell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willard_Brown" title="Willard Brown">W. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Carey" title="Max Carey">Carey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Charleston" title="Oscar Charleston">Charleston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ty_Cobb" title="Ty Cobb">Cobb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earle_Combs" title="Earle Combs">Combs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_DiMaggio" title="Joe DiMaggio">DiMaggio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Doby" title="Larry Doby">Doby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Duffy" title="Hugh Duffy">Duffy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Griffey_Jr." title="Ken Griffey Jr.">Griffey Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hamilton_(baseball,_born_1866)" title="Billy Hamilton (baseball, born 1866)">Hamilton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pete_Hill" title="Pete Hill">Hill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mantle" title="Mickey Mantle">Mantle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_Mays" title="Willie Mays">Mays</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kirby_Puckett" title="Kirby Puckett">Puckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edd_Roush" title="Edd Roush">Roush</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Duke_Snider" title="Duke Snider">Snider</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tris_Speaker" title="Tris Speaker">Speaker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Stearnes" title="Turkey Stearnes">Stearnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Torriente" title="Cristóbal Torriente">Torriente</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Waner" title="Lloyd Waner">L. Waner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hack_Wilson" title="Hack Wilson">H. Wilson</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Right fielders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hank_Aaron" title="Hank Aaron">Aaron</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Clemente" title="Roberto Clemente">Clemente</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Crawford" title="Sam Crawford">Crawford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kiki_Cuyler" title="Kiki Cuyler">Cuyler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andre_Dawson" title="Andre Dawson">Dawson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Flick" title="Elmer Flick">Flick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Guerrero" title="Vladimir Guerrero">Guerrero</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Gwynn" title="Tony Gwynn">Gwynn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Heilmann" title="Harry Heilmann">Heilmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hooper" title="Harry Hooper">Hooper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reggie_Jackson" title="Reggie Jackson">R. Jackson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Kaline" title="Al Kaline">Kaline</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_Keeler" title="Willie Keeler">Keeler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/King_Kelly" title="King Kelly">K. Kelly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Klein" title="Chuck Klein">Klein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tommy_McCarthy_(baseball)" title="Tommy McCarthy (baseball)">T. McCarthy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Oliva" title="Tony Oliva">Oliva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mel_Ott" title="Mel Ott">Ott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rice" title="Sam Rice">S. Rice</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Robinson" title="Frank Robinson">F. Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Babe_Ruth" title="Babe Ruth">Ruth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Enos_Slaughter" title="Enos Slaughter">Slaughter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Thompson_(outfielder)" title="Sam Thompson (outfielder)">Thompson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Walker" title="Larry Walker">Walker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Waner" title="Paul Waner">P. Waner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Winfield" title="Dave Winfield">Winfield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ross_Youngs" title="Ross Youngs">Youngs</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designated hitters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Baines" title="Harold Baines">Baines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Edgar Martínez">E. Martínez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Ortiz" title="David Ortiz">Ortiz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Managers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Alston" title="Walter Alston">Alston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sparky_Anderson" title="Sparky Anderson">Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Cox" title="Bobby Cox">Cox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Durocher" title="Leo Durocher">Durocher</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rube_Foster" title="Rube Foster">R. Foster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ned_Hanlon_(baseball)" title="Ned Hanlon (baseball)">Hanlon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bucky_Harris" title="Bucky Harris">Harris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whitey_Herzog" title="Whitey Herzog">Herzog</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miller_Huggins" title="Miller Huggins">Huggins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_La_Russa" title="Tony La Russa">La Russa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lasorda" title="Tommy Lasorda">Lasorda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Leyland" title="Jim Leyland">Leyland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_L%C3%B3pez" title="Al López">López</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Connie_Mack" title="Connie Mack">Mack</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_McCarthy_(baseball_manager)" title="Joe McCarthy (baseball manager)">J. McCarthy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_McGraw" title="John McGraw">McGraw</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_McKechnie" title="Bill McKechnie">McKechnie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilbert_Robinson" title="Wilbert Robinson">W. Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Selee" title="Frank Selee">Selee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Southworth" title="Billy Southworth">Southworth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Casey_Stengel" title="Casey Stengel">Stengel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Torre" title="Joe Torre">Torre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earl_Weaver" title="Earl Weaver">Weaver</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Williams" title="Dick Williams">D. Williams</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executives<br />and pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Barrow" title="Ed Barrow">Barrow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Bulkeley" title="Morgan Bulkeley">Bulkeley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cartwright" title="Alexander Cartwright">Cartwright</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Chadwick_(writer)" title="Henry Chadwick (writer)">Chadwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Happy_Chandler" title="Happy Chandler">Chandler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Comiskey" title="Charles Comiskey">Comiskey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Candy_Cummings" title="Candy Cummings">Cummings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barney_Dreyfuss" title="Barney Dreyfuss">Dreyfuss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bud_Fowler" title="Bud Fowler">Fowler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Frick" title="Ford Frick">Frick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Giles" title="Warren Giles">Giles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Gillick" title="Pat Gillick">Gillick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Grant_(baseball)" title="Frank Grant (baseball)">Grant</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clark_Griffith" title="Clark Griffith">Griffith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Will_Harridge" title="Will Harridge">Harridge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Hulbert" title="William Hulbert">Hulbert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ban_Johnson" title="Ban Johnson">B. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bowie_Kuhn" title="Bowie Kuhn">Kuhn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenesaw_Mountain_Landis" title="Kenesaw Mountain Landis">Landis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_MacPhail" title="Larry MacPhail">La. MacPhail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lee_MacPhail" title="Lee MacPhail">Le. MacPhail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Effa_Manley" title="Effa Manley">Manley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Miller" title="Marvin Miller">Miller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_O%27Malley" title="Walter O'Malley">O'Malley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buck_O%27Neil" title="Buck O'Neil">O'Neil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Pompez" title="Alex Pompez">Pompez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Posey" title="Cumberland Posey">Posey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Branch_Rickey" title="Branch Rickey">Rickey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Ruppert" title="Jacob Ruppert">Ruppert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Schuerholz" title="John Schuerholz">Schuerholz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bud_Selig" title="Bud Selig">Selig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Spalding" title="Albert Spalding">Spalding</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Veeck" title="Bill Veeck">Veeck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Weiss_(baseball)" title="George Weiss (baseball)">Weiss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sol_White" title="Sol White">S. White</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._L._Wilkinson" title="J. L. Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Wright_(sportsman)" title="George Wright (sportsman)">G. Wright</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Wright" title="Harry Wright">H. Wright</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Yawkey" title="Tom Yawkey">Yawkey</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umpires</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Barlick" title="Al Barlick">Barlick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Chylak" title="Nestor Chylak">Chylak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jocko_Conlan" title="Jocko Conlan">Conlan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Connolly_(umpire)" title="Tom Connolly (umpire)">Connolly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Evans" title="Billy Evans">Evans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Doug_Harvey_(umpire)" title="Doug Harvey (umpire)">Harvey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cal_Hubbard" title="Cal Hubbard">Hubbard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Klem" title="Bill Klem">Klem</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_McGowan" title="Bill McGowan">McGowan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hank_O%27Day" title="Hank O'Day">O'Day</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Honor_Rolls_of_Baseball" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Honor_Rolls_of_Baseball" title="Template:Honor Rolls of Baseball"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Honor_Rolls_of_Baseball" title="Template talk:Honor Rolls of Baseball"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Honor_Rolls_of_Baseball" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Honor Rolls of Baseball"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Honor_Rolls_of_Baseball" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Honor_Rolls_of_Baseball" title="Honor Rolls of Baseball">Honor Rolls of Baseball</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Selected, <a href="/wiki/1946_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_balloting#Honor_Rolls_of_Baseball" title="1946 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting">1946 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Barnard" title="Ernest Barnard">Ernest Barnard</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ed_Barrow" title="Ed Barrow">Ed Barrow</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Bruce" title="John E. Bruce">John E. Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Brush" title="John T. Brush">John T. Brush</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barney_Dreyfuss" title="Barney Dreyfuss">Barney Dreyfuss</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ebbets" title="Charles Ebbets">Charles Ebbets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Herrmann" title="August Herrmann">August Herrmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Heydler" title="John Heydler">John Heydler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Quinn_(baseball,_born_1870)" title="Bob Quinn (baseball, born 1870)">Bob Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Soden" title="Arthur Soden">Arthur Soden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Young_(executive)" title="Nicholas Young (executive)">Nicholas Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Managers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Carrigan" title="Bill Carrigan">Bill Carrigan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ned_Hanlon_(baseball)" title="Ned Hanlon (baseball)">Ned Hanlon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miller_Huggins" title="Miller Huggins">Miller Huggins</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_Selee" title="Frank Selee">Frank Selee</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Montgomery_Ward" title="John Montgomery Ward">John Montgomery Ward</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umpires</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tom_Connolly_(umpire)" title="Tom Connolly (umpire)">Tom Connolly</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Dinneen" title="Bill Dinneen">Bill Dinneen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Emslie" title="Bob Emslie">Bob Emslie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Billy_Evans" title="Billy Evans">Billy Evans</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gaffney" title="John Gaffney">John Gaffney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Hurst" title="Tim Hurst">Tim Hurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kick_Kelly" title="Kick Kelly">Kick Kelly</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bill_Klem" title="Bill Klem">Bill Klem</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lynch_(baseball_executive)" title="Thomas Lynch (baseball executive)">Thomas Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_O%27Loughlin" title="Silk O'Loughlin">Silk O'Loughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Sheridan_(umpire)" title="Jack Sheridan (umpire)">Jack Sheridan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sportswriters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Barnes_(sportswriter)" title="Walter Barnes (sportswriter)">Walter Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Cross_(sportswriter)" title="Harry Cross (sportswriter)">Harry Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Hanna" title="William B. Hanna">William B. Hanna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Hough_(sportswriter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Hough (sportswriter) (page does not exist)">Frank Hough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sid_Mercer" title="Sid Mercer">Sid Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Murnane" title="Tim Murnane">Tim Murnane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Richter" title="Francis Richter">Francis Richter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sy_Sanborn" title="Sy Sanborn">Irving Sanborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Sheridan" title="John B. Sheridan">John B. Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Slocum" title="William J. Slocum">William J. Slocum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Tidden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Tidden (page does not exist)">George Tidden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Vila" title="Joe Vila">Joe Vila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Italics (later elected to the <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">National Baseball Hall of Fame</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_League_Baseball_drafts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_League_Baseball_drafts" title="Template:Major League Baseball drafts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_League_Baseball_drafts" title="Template talk:Major League Baseball drafts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_League_Baseball_drafts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major League Baseball drafts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_League_Baseball_drafts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="Major League Baseball draft">Major League Baseball drafts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="Major League Baseball draft">First-year player drafts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1965_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1965 Major League Baseball draft">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1966 Major League Baseball draft">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1967 Major League Baseball draft">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1968 Major League Baseball draft">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1969 Major League Baseball draft">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1970 Major League Baseball draft">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1971 Major League Baseball draft">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1972 Major League Baseball draft">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1973 Major League Baseball draft">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1974 Major League Baseball draft">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1975 Major League Baseball draft">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1976 Major League Baseball draft">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1977 Major League Baseball draft">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1978 Major League Baseball draft">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1979 Major League Baseball draft">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1980 Major League Baseball draft">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1981 Major League Baseball draft">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1982 Major League Baseball draft">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1983 Major League Baseball draft">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1984 Major League Baseball draft">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1985 Major League Baseball draft">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1986 Major League Baseball draft">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1987 Major League Baseball draft">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1988 Major League Baseball draft">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1989 Major League Baseball draft">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1990 Major League Baseball draft">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1991 Major League Baseball draft">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1992 Major League Baseball draft">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1993 Major League Baseball draft">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1994 Major League Baseball draft">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1995 Major League Baseball draft">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1996 Major League Baseball draft">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1997 Major League Baseball draft">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1998 Major League Baseball draft">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="1999 Major League Baseball draft">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2000 Major League Baseball draft">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2001 Major League Baseball draft">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2002 Major League Baseball draft">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2003 Major League Baseball draft">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2004 Major League Baseball draft">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2005 Major League Baseball draft">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2006 Major League Baseball draft">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2007 Major League Baseball draft">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2008 Major League Baseball draft">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2009 Major League Baseball draft">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2010 Major League Baseball draft">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2011 Major League Baseball draft">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2012 Major League Baseball draft">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2013 Major League Baseball draft">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2014 Major League Baseball draft">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2015 Major League Baseball draft">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2016 Major League Baseball draft">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2017 Major League Baseball draft">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2018 Major League Baseball draft">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2019 Major League Baseball draft">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2020 Major League Baseball draft">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2021 Major League Baseball draft">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2022 Major League Baseball draft">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2023 Major League Baseball draft">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Major_League_Baseball_draft" title="2024 Major League Baseball draft">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rule_5_draft" title="Rule 5 draft">Rule 5 drafts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rule_5_draft_results" title="Rule 5 draft results">Historical results</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Expansion_draft" title="Expansion draft">Expansion drafts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Major_League_Baseball_expansion_draft" title="1960 Major League Baseball expansion draft">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Major_League_Baseball_expansion_draft" title="1961 Major League Baseball expansion draft">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Major_League_Baseball_expansion_draft" title="1968 Major League Baseball expansion draft">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Major_League_Baseball_expansion_draft" title="1976 Major League Baseball expansion draft">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Major_League_Baseball_expansion_draft" title="1992 Major League Baseball expansion draft">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Major_League_Baseball_expansion_draft" title="1997 Major League Baseball expansion draft">1997</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_League_Baseball_players_by_national_origin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MLB_players_by_national_origin" title="Template:MLB players by national origin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MLB_players_by_national_origin" title="Template talk:MLB players by national origin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MLB_players_by_national_origin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MLB players by national origin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_League_Baseball_players_by_national_origin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Major League Baseball</a> players by national origin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_Australia" title="List of Major League Baseball players from Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_the_Bahamas" title="List of Major League Baseball players from the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_Brazil" title="List of Major League Baseball players from Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_Canada" title="List of Major League Baseball players from Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_Colombia" title="List of Major League Baseball players from Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_Cuba" title="List of Major League Baseball players from Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_Jamaica" title="List of Major League Baseball players from Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_Japan" title="List of Major League Baseball players from Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_South_Korea" title="List of Major League Baseball players from South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_Mexico" title="List of Major League Baseball players from Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_the_Netherlands_Antilles" title="List of Major League Baseball players from the Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_Nicaragua" title="List of Major League Baseball players from Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_Panama" title="List of Major League Baseball players from Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_Puerto_Rico" title="List of Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_Taiwan" title="List of Major League Baseball players from Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_Venezuela" title="List of Major League Baseball players from Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="List of Major League Baseball players from the United States Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Major_League_Baseball_players_by_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Major League Baseball players by nationality">Current players by nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_from_Europe" title="List of Major League Baseball players from Europe">European players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_their_first_Major_League_Baseball_player" title="List of countries with their first Major League Baseball player">First player from each country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States_Baseball_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Baseball_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Baseball in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Baseball_in_the_United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Baseball in the United States (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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href="/wiki/Baseball_in_the_United_States" title="Baseball in the United States">Baseball in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/WBSC_Americas" title="WBSC Americas">WBSC Americas</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governing bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA_Baseball" title="USA Baseball">USA Baseball</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(international)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_baseball" title="Commissioner of baseball">Commissioner of Baseball</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(professional)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_national_baseball_team" title="United States national baseball team">Men's</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_national_under-18_baseball_team" title="United States national under-18 baseball team">U-18</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_baseball_team" title="United States women's national baseball team">Women's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Professional" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Professional_baseball" title="Professional baseball">Professional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Major League Baseball</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minor_league" title="Minor league">Minor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">MiLB</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Triple-A_(baseball)" title="Triple-A (baseball)">Triple-A</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_League" title="International League">International League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League" title="Pacific Coast League">Pacific Coast League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Double-A_(baseball)" title="Double-A (baseball)">Double-A</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_League_(1938%E2%80%93present)" title="Eastern League (1938–present)">Eastern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_League_(1964%E2%80%93present)" title="Southern League (1964–present)">Southern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_League" title="Texas League">Texas League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/High-A" title="High-A">High-A</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_League" title="Midwest League">Midwest League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_League" title="Northwest League">Northwest League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_League" title="South Atlantic League">South Atlantic League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Single-A" title="Single-A">Single-A</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_League" title="California League">California League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_League" title="Carolina League">Carolina League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_State_League" title="Florida State League">Florida State League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball#Rookie" title="Minor League Baseball">Rookie</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Complex_League" title="Arizona Complex League">Arizona Complex League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Complex_League" title="Florida Complex League">Florida Complex League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Fall_League" title="Arizona Fall League">Arizona Fall League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_baseball_league" title="Independent baseball league">Independent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Professional_Baseball" title="American Association of Professional Baseball">American Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_League_of_Professional_Baseball" title="Atlantic League of Professional Baseball">Atlantic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontier_League" title="Frontier League">Frontier League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_League_(baseball)" title="Pioneer League (baseball)">Pioneer League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Draft_League" title="MLB Draft League">MLB Draft League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/College_baseball" title="College baseball">Collegiate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_baseball_tournament" title="NCAA Division I baseball tournament">DI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_World_Series" title="College World Series">College World Series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II_baseball_tournament" title="NCAA Division II baseball tournament">DII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III_baseball_tournament" title="NCAA Division III baseball tournament">DIII</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_World_Series" title="NAIA World Series">NAIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_summer_baseball" title="Collegiate summer baseball">Collegiate summer baseball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Youth_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Youth baseball">Youth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_League_World_Series" title="Little League World Series">Little League World Series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards & honors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MLB</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_records" title="List of Major League Baseball career records">Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_awards" title="List of Major League Baseball awards">Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_awards#U.S._minor_leagues" title="Baseball awards">Minor league awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_college_baseball_awards" title="List of college baseball awards">Collegiate awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hosted events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Baseball_Classic" title="World Baseball Classic">World Baseball Classic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_World_Baseball_Classic" title="2006 World Baseball Classic">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_World_Baseball_Classic" title="2009 World Baseball Classic">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_World_Baseball_Classic" title="2013 World Baseball Classic">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_World_Baseball_Classic" title="2017 World Baseball Classic">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_World_Baseball_Classic" title="2023 World Baseball Classic">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the Summer Olympics">Olympic Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the 1984 Summer Olympics">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the 1996 Summer Olympics">1996</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_Pan_American_Games" title="Baseball at the Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_1959_Pan_American_Games" title="Baseball at the 1959 Pan American Games">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_1987_Pan_American_Games" title="Baseball at the 1987 Pan American Games">1987</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Series" title="Caribbean Series">Caribbean Series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Caribbean_Series" title="1990 Caribbean Series">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Caribbean_Series" title="1991 Caribbean Series">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Caribbean_Series" title="2024 Caribbean Series">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Amateur_World_Series" title="1974 Amateur World Series">1974 Amateur World Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_World_Series" title="Global World Series">Global World Series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1955_Global_World_Series" title="1955 Global World Series">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_World_Series" title="Global World Series">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_World_Series" title="Global World Series">1957</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_baseball_in_the_United_States" title="History of baseball in the United States">History of baseball in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro league baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_color_line" title="Baseball color line">Baseball color line</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Major_League_Baseball_and_Nippon_Professional_Baseball" title="Comparison of Major League Baseball and Nippon Professional Baseball">Comparison of MLB and NPB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Top-level_baseball_leagues" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Baseball_leagues" title="Template:Baseball leagues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Baseball_leagues" title="Template talk:Baseball leagues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball_leagues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball leagues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Top-level_baseball_leagues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Top-level <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> leagues</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Baseball_Softball_Confederation" title="World Baseball Softball Confederation">World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Series" title="Caribbean Series">Caribbean Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Cup_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="European Cup (baseball)">European Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #fd3c50;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Baseball_League" title="Argentine Baseball League">Argentina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canada & United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">AL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">NL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campeonato_Brasileiro_de_Beisebol" title="Campeonato Brasileiro de Beisebol">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Colombian Professional Baseball League">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Elite_League" title="Cuban Elite League">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Curaçao Professional Baseball League">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Dominican Professional Baseball League">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_League" title="Mexican League">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Nicaraguan Professional Baseball League">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Panamanian Professional Baseball League">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liga_de_B%C3%A9isbol_Profesional_Roberto_Clemente" title="Liga de Béisbol Profesional Roberto Clemente">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Venezuelan Professional Baseball League">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #ffcc00;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Baseball_League" title="China National Baseball League">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Baseball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran Baseball Championship">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Professional_Baseball" title="Nippon Professional Baseball">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_League" title="Central League">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_League" title="Pacific League">Pacific</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_All-Star_League_Baseball" title="Malaysian All-Star League Baseball">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBP_Tingzon_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="LBP Tingzon Cup">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBO_League" title="KBO League">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Chinese Professional Baseball League">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3399cc;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baseball_League_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baseball League Austria (page does not exist)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Croatian_Baseball_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Croatian Baseball League (page does not exist)">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Baseball_Extraliga" title="Czech Baseball Extraliga">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlyga" title="Interlyga">Estonia & Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_Finnish_Championship_Series" title="Baseball Finnish Championship Series">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Division_1_Baseball_Championship" title="French Division 1 Baseball Championship">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundesliga_(baseball)" title="Bundesliga (baseball)">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Baseball_League" title="Greek Baseball League">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_National_Baseball_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hungarian National Baseball League (page does not exist)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Baseball_League" title="Irish Baseball League">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Baseball_League" title="Italian Baseball League">Italy & San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Baseball_League" title="Latvian Baseball League">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Baseball_League" title="Lithuanian Baseball League">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honkbal_Hoofdklasse" title="Honkbal Hoofdklasse">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekstraliga_Baseball" title="Ekstraliga Baseball">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Atlantic_Baseball_League" title="Portuguese Atlantic Baseball League">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisi%C3%B3n_de_Honor_de_B%C3%A9isbol" title="División de Honor de Béisbol">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitserien_(baseball)" title="Elitserien (baseball)">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Baseball_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkish Baseball Championship (page does not exist)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_League" title="National Baseball League">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #009933;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Baseball_League" title="Australian Baseball League">Australia & New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palau_Major_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palau Major League (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Professional_baseball_leagues" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Professional_Baseball" title="Template:Professional Baseball"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Professional_Baseball" title="Template talk:Professional Baseball"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Professional_Baseball" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Professional Baseball"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Professional_baseball_leagues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_professional_sports_leagues#Baseball" title="List of professional sports leagues">Professional baseball leagues</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Americas"><b>Americas</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Major</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Major League Baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Triple-A_(baseball)" title="Triple-A (baseball)">Triple-A</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_League" title="International League">International League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League" title="Pacific Coast League">Pacific Coast League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Double-A_(baseball)" title="Double-A (baseball)">Double-A</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_League_(1938%E2%80%93present)" title="Eastern League (1938–present)">Eastern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_League_(1964%E2%80%93present)" title="Southern League (1964–present)">Southern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_League" title="Texas League">Texas League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/High-A" title="High-A">High-A</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_League" title="Midwest League">Midwest League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_League" title="Northwest League">Northwest League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_League" title="South Atlantic League">South Atlantic League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Single-A" title="Single-A">Single-A</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_League" title="California League">California League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_League" title="Carolina League">Carolina League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_State_League" title="Florida State League">Florida State League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball#Rookie" title="Minor League Baseball">Rookie</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Complex_League" title="Arizona Complex League">Arizona Complex League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Summer_League" title="Dominican Summer League">Dominican Summer League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Complex_League" title="Florida Complex League">Florida Complex League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Independent_baseball_league" title="Independent baseball league">Independent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">MLB Partner Leagues</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Professional_Baseball" title="American Association of Professional Baseball">American Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_League_of_Professional_Baseball" title="Atlantic League of Professional Baseball">Atlantic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontier_League" title="Frontier League">Frontier League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_League_(baseball)" title="Pioneer League (baseball)">Pioneer League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLB_Draft_League" title="MLB Draft League">MLB Draft League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Non-partnered leagues</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_National_Series" title="Cuban National Series">Cuban National Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_National_Championship_AA_League" title="Curaçao National Championship AA League">Curaçao AA League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Empire Professional Baseball League">Empire League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_League" title="Mexican League">Mexican League</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liga_Norte_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Liga Norte de México">Liga Norte de México</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecos_League" title="Pecos League">Pecos League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Shore_Professional_Baseball_League" title="United Shore Professional Baseball League">United Shore League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Major_League" title="Venezuelan Major League">Venezuelan Major League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Pro_Baseball_League" title="Women's Pro Baseball League">Women's Pro Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Winter_league_baseball" title="Winter league baseball">Off-season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">MLB-affiliated</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Fall_League" title="Arizona Fall League">Arizona Fall League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Dominican Professional Baseball League">Dominican Professional Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Pacific_League" title="Mexican Pacific League">Mexican Pacific League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liga_de_B%C3%A9isbol_Profesional_Roberto_Clemente" title="Liga de Béisbol Profesional Roberto Clemente">Puerto Rico Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Venezuelan Professional Baseball League">Venezuelan Professional Baseball League</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liga_Paralela_de_B%C3%A9isbol_en_Venezuela" title="Liga Paralela de Béisbol en Venezuela">Liga Paralela</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Independent</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Baseball_League" title="Argentine Baseball League">Argentine Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Colombian Professional Baseball League">Colombian Professional Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Elite_League" title="Cuban Elite League">Cuban Elite League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Curaçao Professional Baseball League">Curaçao Professional Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Nicaraguan Professional Baseball League">Nicaraguan Professional Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Panamanian Professional Baseball League">Panamanian Professional Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liga_Invernal_Veracruzana" title="Liga Invernal Veracruzana">Veracruz Winter League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">MLB-recognized</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_(1882%E2%80%931891)" title="American Association (1882–1891)">American Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_League" title="Federal League">Federal League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro league baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Players%27_League" title="Players' League">Players' League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Association" title="Union Association">Union Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Other major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-American_Girls_Professional_Baseball_League" title="All-American Girls Professional Baseball League">All-American Girls Professional Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_League" title="Continental League">Continental League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_League" title="Cuban League">Cuban League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Professional_Base_Ball_Players" title="National Association of Professional Base Ball Players">National Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Baseball_League" title="United States Baseball League">United States Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Minor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_minor_baseball_leagues_in_the_United_States" title="List of defunct minor baseball leagues in the United States">List of defunct minor leagues</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Asia"><b>Asia</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Baseball_League" title="China National Baseball League">China National Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct_major" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Defunct major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Baseball_League" title="Israel Baseball League">Israel Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Professional_Baseball" title="Nippon Professional Baseball">Nippon Professional Baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_League" title="Central League">Central League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_League" title="Pacific League">Pacific League</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Minor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_League_(Japanese_baseball)" title="Eastern League (Japanese baseball)">Eastern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_League_(Japanese_baseball)" title="Western League (Japanese baseball)">Western League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Off-season</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miyazaki_Phoenix_League" title="Miyazaki Phoenix League">Miyazaki Phoenix League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Independent</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_Challenge_League" title="Baseball Challenge League">Baseball Challenge League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikoku_Island_League_Plus" title="Shikoku Island League Plus">Shikoku Island League Plus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Women's</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Women%27s_Baseball_League" title="Japan Women's Baseball League">Japan Women's Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">South Korea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KBO_League" title="KBO League">KBO League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Minor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KBO_Futures_League" title="KBO Futures League">KBO Futures League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Taiwan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Chinese Professional Baseball League">Chinese Professional Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Minor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Professional_Baseball_League" title="Chinese Professional Baseball League">Chinese Professional Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Defunct major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Major_League" title="Taiwan Major League">Taiwan Major League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Europe"><b>Europe</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Italy and San Marino</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Baseball_League" title="Italian Baseball League">Italian Baseball League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Major</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honkbal_Hoofdklasse" title="Honkbal Hoofdklasse">Honkbal Hoofdklasse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Minor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honkbal_Overgangsklasse" title="Honkbal Overgangsklasse">Honkbal Overgangsklasse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Rookie</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honkbal_Rookie_League" title="Honkbal Rookie League">Honkbal Rookie League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Oceania"><b>Oceania</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="MLB-affiliated:" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">MLB-affiliated:</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Baseball_League" title="Australian Baseball League">Australian Baseball League</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Inter-league"><b>Inter-league</b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Professional_Baseball_Championship" title="Asia Professional Baseball Championship">Asia Professional Baseball Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Winter_Baseball_League" title="Asia Winter Baseball League">Asia Winter Baseball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Series" title="Caribbean Series">Caribbean Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Series" title="Latin American Series">Latin American Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple-A_National_Championship_Game" title="Triple-A National Championship Game">Triple-A National Championship Game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Top-level_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Template:Professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Template talk:Professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Top-level_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Top-level professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leagues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Men's</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Cricket" title="Major League Cricket">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">Canadian football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">Arena football</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_One_(2025)" title="Arena Football One (2025)">AF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_League" title="Indoor Football League">IFL</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Lacrosse_League" title="National Lacrosse League">Box lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_Lacrosse_League" title="Premier Lacrosse League">Field lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_Rugby_League" title="USA Rugby League">Rugby league</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Rugby" title="Major League Rugby">Rugby union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_Rugby_Sevens" title="Premier Rugby Sevens">Rugby sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Arena_Soccer_League" title="Major Arena Soccer League">Indoor soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Frisbee_Association" title="Ultimate Frisbee Association">Ultimate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Volleyball_Association_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Volleyball Association (US)">Volleyball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Women's</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Pro_Baseball_League" title="Women's Pro Baseball League">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Association" title="Women's National Basketball Association">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Football_Alliance" title="Women's Football Alliance">American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Women%27s_Hockey_League" title="Professional Women's Hockey League">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Lacrosse_League" title="Women's Lacrosse League">Lacrosse sixes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Ringette_League" title="National Ringette League">Ringette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Elite_Rugby" title="Women's Elite Rugby">Rugby union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_Rugby_Sevens" title="Premier Rugby Sevens">Rugby sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">Soccer</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League" title="National Women's Soccer League">NWSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USL_Super_League" title="USL Super League">USLS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">Softball</a> (<a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Fastpitch" title="Women's Professional Fastpitch">WPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Fastpitch_Professionals" title="Association of Fastpitch Professionals">AFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletes_Unlimited_Pro_Softball" title="Athletes Unlimited Pro Softball">AUSL</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate (sport)">Ultimate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Premier_Ultimate_League" title="Premier Ultimate League">PUL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ultimate_League" title="Western Ultimate League">WUL</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pro_Volleyball_Federation" title="Pro Volleyball Federation">PVF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_One_Volleyball" class="mw-redirect" title="League One Volleyball">LOVB</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Individual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IndyCar_Series" title="IndyCar Series">American open-wheel car racing</a></li> <li>Athletics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA_Outdoor_Track_and_Field_Championships" title="USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships">outdoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships" title="USA Indoor Track and Field Championships">indoor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Badminton_Championships" title="U.S. National Badminton Championships">Badminton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Bowlers_Association" title="Professional Bowlers Association">Bowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Bull_Riders" title="Professional Bull Riders">Bull riding</a></li> <li>Chess <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Chess_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Chess Championship">men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Women%27s_Chess_Championship" title="U.S. Women's Chess Championship">women</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cycling <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Road_Race_Championships" title="United States National Road Race Championships">road race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Time_Trial_Championships" title="United States National Time Trial Championships">time trial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Figure_Skating_Championships" title="U.S. Figure Skating Championships">Figure skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_USFA_Division_I_National_Champions" title="List of USFA Division I National Champions">Fencing</a></li> <li>Gymnastics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA_Gymnastics_National_Championships" title="USA Gymnastics National Championships">artistic</a></li> <li>rhythmic</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR">Stock car racing</a></li> <li>Swimming <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Swimming_National_Championships" title="United States Swimming National Championships">nationals</a></li> <li><a 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000086475728">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/125241607">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/645197/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5510239-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Major League Baseball (Organization)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88230905">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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