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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80mfora_panatenaica" title="Àmfora panatenaica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àmfora panatenaica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathen%C3%A4ische_Preisamphoren" title="Panathenäische Preisamphoren – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Panathenäische Preisamphoren" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Αμφορέας των Παναθηναίων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμφορέας των Παναθηναίων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81nfora_panatenaica" title="Ánfora panatenaica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ánfora panatenaica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfora_panatenaiko" title="Anfora panatenaiko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Anfora panatenaiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphore_panath%C3%A9na%C3%AFque" title="Amphore panathénaïque – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amphore panathénaïque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfora_panatenaica" title="Anfora panatenaica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anfora panatenaica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9F-%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אמפורה פאן-אתנאית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמפורה פאן-אתנאית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathenae%C3%AFsche_amfora" title="Panathenaeïsche amfora – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Panathenaeïsche amfora" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panethenisk_amfora" title="Panethenisk amfora – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Panethenisk amfora" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfora_panatenajska" title="Amfora panatenajska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amfora panatenajska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82nfora_panatenaica" title="Ânfora panatenaica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ânfora panatenaica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Панафинейские амфоры – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панафинейские амфоры" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathenaia-amfora" title="Panathenaia-amfora – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Panathenaia-amfora" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Anforagrega-atenas.jpg/330px-Anforagrega-atenas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Anforagrega-atenas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption>Athena on a Panathenic amphora (<a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="National Archaeological Museum of Athens">National Archaeological Museum of Athens</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Panathenaic amphorae</b> were the <a href="/wiki/Amphora" title="Amphora">amphorae</a>, large ceramic vessels, that contained the olive oil given as a prize in the <a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Games" title="Panathenaic Games">Panathenaic Games</a>. Some were ten imperial gallons (12 US gal; 45 L) and 60–70 cm (24–28 in) high. This oil came from the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_grove" title="Sacred grove">sacred grove</a> of <a href="/wiki/Akademos" class="mw-redirect" title="Akademos">Athena at Akademia</a>. The amphorae which held it had the distinctive form of tight handles, narrow neck and feet, and they were decorated with consistent symbols, in a standard form using the <a href="/wiki/Black_figure" class="mw-redirect" title="Black figure">black figure</a> technique, and continued to be so, long after the black figure style had fallen out of fashion. Some Panathenaic amphorae depicted <a href="/wiki/Athena_Promachos" title="Athena Promachos">Athena Promachos</a>, goddess of war, advancing between columns brandishing a spear and wearing the <i><a href="/wiki/Aegis" title="Aegis">aegis</a></i>, and next to her the inscription <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τῶν Ἀθήνηθεν ἄθλων</span></span> <i>"(one) of the prizes from Athens"</i>. On the back of the vase was a representation of the event for which it was an award. Sometimes roosters are depicted perched on top of the columns. The significance of the roosters remains a mystery. Later amphorae also had that year's <a href="/wiki/Archon" title="Archon">archon</a>'s name written on it making finds of those vases archaeologically important. </p><p>The vases were commissioned by the state from the leading pottery workshops of the day in large numbers. Their canonical shape was set by 530 BC, but the earliest known example is the <a href="/wiki/Burgon_vase" title="Burgon vase">Burgon vase</a> (British Museum, B130), which depicts Athena's owl nestling on the neck of the vase and on the reverse is a <a href="/wiki/Synoris" class="mw-redirect" title="Synoris">synoris</a> team. This may mean that the vase predates the festival's reorganization in 566 since it is not an athletic event. The cock column is first seen on a panathenaic by <a href="/wiki/Exekias" title="Exekias">Exekias</a> (Karlsruhe 65.45). By the early fourth century the inclusion of the archon's name appears on these vases, the earliest almost intact one being Asteios 373/2 BC. (Oxford, 1911.257). There is a fragment that bears the name Hippodamas of 375/4 BC, however, which may also be a panathenaic, and Beazley suggests there may be a preceding one, Pythokles of 392/1.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the century progressed, the profile of the vases became elongated and the decoration more mannered. The last known dated vase is from 312/11, although production continues into the third and second centuries, the archons are no longer named, instead, the treasurers and stewards of the games are recorded in their place. </p><p>Some vases were used as grave goods by the families of the victors, some were dedicated to sanctuaries, and still others sold,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hence their wide distribution in the Greek world. </p><p>The survival rate of Greek pottery as a whole may be calculated from the remnant of panathenaic amphorae that exist. After approximately 350 BC at least 1,450 vases were awarded every four years in the greater Panathenaia. Assuming the number of events was consistent throughout the history of the games and that all prizes were in the form of decorated amphora, dividing the number of unique vases known by the total production run, gives the figure of between 0.5% and 1% of all Greek vases awarded are still extant.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B130.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Burgon vase ca. 565 BC, BM, London"><img alt="The Burgon vase ca. 565 BC, BM, London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B130.jpg/99px-Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B130.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B130.jpg/148px-Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B130.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B130.jpg/198px-Panathenaic_amphora_BM_B130.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="2880" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Burgon_vase" title="Burgon vase">Burgon vase</a> ca. 565 BC, BM, London</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panathenaic_amphora_Kleophrades_Louvre_F277.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Runners (ca. 500 BC)"><img alt="Runners (ca. 500 BC)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Panathenaic_amphora_Kleophrades_Louvre_F277.jpg/113px-Panathenaic_amphora_Kleophrades_Louvre_F277.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Panathenaic_amphora_Kleophrades_Louvre_F277.jpg/170px-Panathenaic_amphora_Kleophrades_Louvre_F277.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Panathenaic_amphora_Kleophrades_Louvre_F277.jpg/226px-Panathenaic_amphora_Kleophrades_Louvre_F277.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2470" data-file-height="3275" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Runners (ca. 500 BC)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_-_Black-figure_Pseudo-Panathenaic_Amphora_-_Walters_482107_-_Side_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Musical competition, pseudo-Panathenaic amphora (500–485 BC)"><img alt="Musical competition, pseudo-Panathenaic amphora (500–485 BC)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Greek_-_Black-figure_Pseudo-Panathenaic_Amphora_-_Walters_482107_-_Side_B.jpg/100px-Greek_-_Black-figure_Pseudo-Panathenaic_Amphora_-_Walters_482107_-_Side_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Greek_-_Black-figure_Pseudo-Panathenaic_Amphora_-_Walters_482107_-_Side_B.jpg/150px-Greek_-_Black-figure_Pseudo-Panathenaic_Amphora_-_Walters_482107_-_Side_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Greek_-_Black-figure_Pseudo-Panathenaic_Amphora_-_Walters_482107_-_Side_B.jpg/200px-Greek_-_Black-figure_Pseudo-Panathenaic_Amphora_-_Walters_482107_-_Side_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="1799" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Musical competition, pseudo-Panathenaic amphora (500–485 BC) </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulas_Group_-_Miniature_Panathenaic_Amphora_-_Walters_4859.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Poseidon and Athena, miniature example (early fourth century BC)"><img alt="Poseidon and Athena, miniature example (early fourth century BC)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Bulas_Group_-_Miniature_Panathenaic_Amphora_-_Walters_4859.jpg/104px-Bulas_Group_-_Miniature_Panathenaic_Amphora_-_Walters_4859.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Bulas_Group_-_Miniature_Panathenaic_Amphora_-_Walters_4859.jpg/156px-Bulas_Group_-_Miniature_Panathenaic_Amphora_-_Walters_4859.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Bulas_Group_-_Miniature_Panathenaic_Amphora_-_Walters_4859.jpg/208px-Bulas_Group_-_Miniature_Panathenaic_Amphora_-_Walters_4859.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1246" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a> and Athena, miniature example (early fourth century BC)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apobates_race_-_Getty_Villa_Collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of an apobates race (340–339 BC)"><img alt="Detail of an apobates race (340–339 BC)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Apobates_race_-_Getty_Villa_Collection.jpg/150px-Apobates_race_-_Getty_Villa_Collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Apobates_race_-_Getty_Villa_Collection.jpg/225px-Apobates_race_-_Getty_Villa_Collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Apobates_race_-_Getty_Villa_Collection.jpg/300px-Apobates_race_-_Getty_Villa_Collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of an <a href="/wiki/Apobates" class="mw-redirect" title="Apobates">apobates</a> race (340–339 BC)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_amphora&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBeazley1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Beazley" title="John Beazley">Beazley, J. D.</a> (1986). <i>Development of Attic Black-Figure</i>. p. 89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Development+of+Attic+Black-Figure&rft.pages=89&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Beazley&rft.aufirst=J.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+amphora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The public record of the goods sold off by the state after Alcibiades's disgrace has been partially preserved, IG I<sup>3</sup> 422.21, 41-60, includes mention of 102 panathenaics, Broadman (ABFV, p.170) suggests these sold for on average half a drachma each. See also AW Johnston, <i>Trade Marks on Greek Vases</i>, 1979.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. M. Cook's Die Bedeutung der bemalten Keramik fur den griechischen Handel, JdI lxxiv [I959] II4-23. See also Philip Sapirstein Painters, Potters, and the Scale of the Attic Vase-Painting Industry, AJA 117 No4 pp.493-510.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_amphora&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoardman1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Boardman_(art_historian)" title="John Boardman (art historian)">Boardman, John</a> (1974). <i>Athenian Black Figure Vases</i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Athenian+Black+Figure+Vases&rft.place=London&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Boardman&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+amphora" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNeils1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jenifer_Neils" title="Jenifer Neils">Neils, Jenifer</a> (1992). <i>Goddess and Polis: The Panathenaic Festival in Ancient Athens</i>. Hood Museum of Art and Art and Princeton University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goddess+and+Polis%3A+The+Panathenaic+Festival+in+Ancient+Athens&rft.pub=Hood+Museum+of+Art+and+Art+and+Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Neils&rft.aufirst=Jenifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+amphora" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Bentz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Bentz (page does not exist)">Martin Bentz</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Bentz" class="extiw" title="de:Martin Bentz">de</a>]</span> <i>Panathenäische Preisamphoren: eine athenische Vasengattung und ihre Funktion vom 6. - 4. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Basel, Vereinigung der Freunde Antiker Kunst 1998 (Antike Kunst: Beihefte; 18)</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-909064-18-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-909064-18-3">3-909064-18-3</a></li> <li>Martin Bentz; Norbert Eschbach (Hrsg.): <i>Panathenaïka : Symposion zu den Panathenäischen Preisamphoren, Rauischholzhausen 25.11. - 29.11.1998</i>. Mainz, Zabern 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8053-2708-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-8053-2708-0">3-8053-2708-0</a></li> <li>Sterling Adolph Callisen: <i>The Iconography of the Cock on the Column</i>, The Art Bulletin, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Jun., 1939), pp. 160-178</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_amphora&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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Amphora">Horsehead Amphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgement_of_Paris_Amphora" title="Judgement of Paris Amphora">Judgement of Paris Amphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neck_Amphora_by_Exekias_(Berlin_F_1720)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neck Amphora by Exekias (Berlin F 1720)">Neck Amphora by Exekias (Berlin F 1720)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikosthenic_amphora" title="Nikosthenic amphora">Nikosthenic amphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nolan_amphora" title="Nolan amphora">Nolan amphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_amphora" title="Tyrrhenian amphora">Tyrrhenian amphora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Belly amphorae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belly_Amphora_by_the_Andokides_Painter_(Munich_2301)" title="Belly Amphora by the Andokides Painter (Munich 2301)">Belly Amphora by the Andokides Painter (Munich 2301)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-handled_amphora_(Boston_63.1515)" title="Two-handled amphora (Boston 63.1515)">Two-handled amphora (Boston 63.1515)</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Melian_pithamphora22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Melian_pithamphora" title="Melian pithamphora">Melian pithamphora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horses_Amphora" title="Horses Amphora">Horses Amphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rider_Amphora" title="Rider Amphora">Rider Amphora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panathenaic amphorae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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