CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>James Pratt and John Smith - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7368421d-1b7a-46f3-a10c-125a698c6b91","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"James_Pratt_and_John_Smith","wgTitle":"James Pratt and John Smith","wgCurRevisionId":1253165790,"wgRevisionId":1253165790,"wgArticleId":38750745,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from November 2023","Articles with hCards","1835 deaths","English gay men","19th-century executions by England and Wales","Duos","Executed people from London","19th-century English LGBTQ people","People executed for sodomy","People convicted for homosexuality in the United Kingdom", "1835 crimes in the United Kingdom","1830s crimes in London"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"James_Pratt_and_John_Smith","wgRelevantArticleId":38750745,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false, "wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6253330","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media", "ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="James Pratt and John Smith - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Pratt_and_John_Smith"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Pratt_and_John_Smith"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-James_Pratt_and_John_Smith rootpage-James_Pratt_and_John_Smith skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=James+Pratt+and+John+Smith" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=James+Pratt+and+John+Smith" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=James+Pratt+and+John+Smith" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=James+Pratt+and+John+Smith" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biographies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biographies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biographies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biographies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arrest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Arrest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trial_and_execution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trial_and_execution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Trial and execution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trial_and_execution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">James Pratt and John Smith</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB" title="جيمس برات وجون سميث – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيمس برات وجون سميث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Pratt_y_John_Smith" title="James Pratt y John Smith – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="James Pratt y John Smith" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Pratt_et_John_Smith" title="James Pratt et John Smith – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James Pratt et John Smith" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%98_%D7%95%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA%27" title="ג'יימס פראט וג'ון סמית' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'יימס פראט וג'ון סמית'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Pratt_dan_John_Smith" title="James Pratt dan John Smith – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="James Pratt dan John Smith" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Pratt_e_John_Smith" title="James Pratt e John Smith – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="James Pratt e John Smith" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6253330#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/James_Pratt_and_John_Smith" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:James_Pratt_and_John_Smith" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/James_Pratt_and_John_Smith"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/James_Pratt_and_John_Smith"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/James_Pratt_and_John_Smith" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/James_Pratt_and_John_Smith" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&oldid=1253165790" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&id=1253165790&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJames_Pratt_and_John_Smith"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJames_Pratt_and_John_Smith"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6253330" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Last people to be executed for sodomy in England</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="LGBTQ rights in the United Kingdom">LGBTQ rights <br /> in the United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LGBT_flag_map_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the United Kingdom with the pride flag"><img alt="Map of the United Kingdom with the pride flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/LGBT_flag_map_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/100px-LGBT_flag_map_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/LGBT_flag_map_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/150px-LGBT_flag_map_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/LGBT_flag_map_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/200px-LGBT_flag_map_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="953" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:center;"> <big>By location</big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="LGBTQ rights in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Scotland" title="LGBTQ rights in Scotland">Scotland</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/23px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/35px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/46px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Northern_Ireland" title="LGBT rights in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Crown dependencies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Jersey">Jersey</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/23px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/35px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/46px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Anguilla" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Cayman_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Falkland_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Montserrat" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Montserrat">Montserrat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="LGBT rights in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="LGBT rights in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and<br /> Tristan da Cunha</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom">Same-sex marriage</a> by <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories" title="Recognition of same-sex unions in the British Overseas Territories">territory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></b></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Scotland" title="Same-sex marriage in Scotland">Scotland</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/23px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/35px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/46px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Guernsey" title="Same-sex marriage in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Jersey" title="Same-sex marriage in Jersey">Jersey</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Same-sex marriage in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Same-sex marriage in Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Bermuda" title="Same-sex marriage in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Antarctic_Territory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_British_Antarctic_Territory" title="Same-sex marriage in the British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="Same-sex marriage in the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Gibraltar" title="Same-sex marriage in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Helena.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Same-sex marriage in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and<br /> Tristan da Cunha</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="375" /></span></span></span></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="Same-sex marriage in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the<br /> South Sandwich Islands</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:center;"> <big>Policy aspects</big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Sexual orientation</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_adoption_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Same-sex adoption in the United Kingdom">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent_reform_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Age of consent reform in the United Kingdom">Age of consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men_blood_donor_controversy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy in the United Kingdom">Blood donation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_homosexuality" title="Christianity and homosexuality">Christian nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_partnership_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Civil partnership in the United Kingdom">Civil partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_violence_against_LGBT_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of violence against LGBT people in the United Kingdom">History of violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="HIV/AIDS in the United Kingdom">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_the_military_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sexual orientation and the military of the United Kingdom">Military policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom">Same-sex marriage</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Gender identity, sex and intersex</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transgender rights in the United Kingdom">Transgender rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Intersex rights in the United Kingdom">Intersex rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Gender_Identity_Development_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="NHS Gender Identity Development Service">NHS Gender Identity Development Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Recognition_Panel" title="Gender Recognition Panel">Gender Recognition Panel</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:center;"> <big>Legislation</big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Criminality</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buggery_Act_1533" title="Buggery Act 1533">Buggery Act 1533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offences_Against_the_Person_Act_1828" title="Offences Against the Person Act 1828">Offences Against the Person Act 1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offences_Against_the_Person_Act_1861" title="Offences Against the Person Act 1861">Offences Against the Person Act 1861</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Labouchere_Amendment" title="Labouchere Amendment">Labouchere Amendment</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolfenden_report" title="Wolfenden report">Wolfenden report</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_Offences_Act_1967" title="Sexual Offences Act 1967">Sexual Offences Act 1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_(Scotland)_Act_1980" title="Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980">Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexual_Offences_(Northern_Ireland)_Order_1982" title="Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982">Homosexual Offences Order 1982</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Section_28" title="Section 28">Section 28</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_and_Public_Order_Act_1994" title="Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994">Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_Offences_(Amendment)_Act_2000" title="Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000">Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_Offences_Act_2003" title="Sexual Offences Act 2003">Sexual Offences Act 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policing_and_Crime_Act_2017" title="Policing and Crime Act 2017">Policing and Crime Act 2017</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing_law" title="Alan Turing law">Alan Turing law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_Shipping_(Homosexual_Conduct)_Act_2017" title="Merchant Shipping (Homosexual Conduct) Act 2017">Merchant Shipping (Homosexual Conduct) Act 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Sexual_Offences_(Pardons_and_Disregards)_(Scotland)_Act_2018" title="Historical Sexual Offences (Pardons and Disregards) (Scotland) Act 2018">Historical Sexual Offences (Pardons and Disregards) (Scotland) Act 2018</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Protection and recognition</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Order_Act_1986" title="Public Order Act 1986">Public Order Act 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_Discrimination_Act_1975" title="Sex Discrimination Act 1975">Sex Discrimination (Gender Reassignment) Regulations 1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoption_and_Children_Act_2002" title="Adoption and Children Act 2002">Adoption and Children Act 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_Equality_(Sexual_Orientation)_Regulations_2003" title="Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003">Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Partnership_Act_2004" title="Civil Partnership Act 2004">Civil Partnership Act 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Recognition_Act_2004" title="Gender Recognition Act 2004">Gender Recognition Act 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_Act_2006" title="Equality Act 2006">Equality Act 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_Act_(Sexual_Orientation)_Regulations_2007" title="Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2007">Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_and_Immigration_Act_2008" title="Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008">Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Fertilisation_and_Embryology_Act_2008" title="Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008">Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_Act_2010" title="Equality Act 2010">Equality Act 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_(Same_Sex_Couples)_Act_2013" title="Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013">Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_and_Civil_Partnership_(Scotland)_Act_2014" title="Marriage and Civil Partnership (Scotland) Act 2014">Marriage and Civil Partnership (Scotland) Act 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Partnerships,_Marriages_and_Deaths_(Registration_etc)_Act_2019" title="Civil Partnerships, Marriages and Deaths (Registration etc) Act 2019">Civil Partnerships, Marriages and Deaths (Registration etc) Act 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(Executive_Formation_etc)_Act_2019" title="Northern Ireland (Executive Formation etc) Act 2019">Northern Ireland (Executive Formation etc) Act 2019</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Litigation</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Corbett_v_Corbett" title="Corbett v Corbett">Corbett v Corbett</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/X_v_United_Kingdom" title="X v United Kingdom">X v United Kingdom</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dudgeon_v_United_Kingdom" title="Dudgeon v United Kingdom">Dudgeon v United Kingdom</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R_v_Brown" title="R v Brown">R v Brown</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sutherland_v_United_Kingdom" title="Sutherland v United Kingdom">Sutherland v United Kingdom</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smith_and_Grady_v_United_Kingdom" title="Smith and Grady v United Kingdom">Smith and Grady v United Kingdom</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goodwin_%26_I_v_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Goodwin & I v United Kingdom">Goodwin & I v United Kingdom</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HJ_and_HT_v_Home_Secretary" title="HJ and HT v Home Secretary">HJ and HT v Home Secretary</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_AIDS_Trust_v_NHS_Service_Commissioning_Board" title="National AIDS Trust v NHS Service Commissioning Board">National AIDS Trust v NHS Service Commissioning Board</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bell_v_Tavistock" title="Bell v Tavistock">Bell v Tavistock</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bell_v_Tavistock#AB_v_CD_and_others" title="Bell v Tavistock">AB v CD and others</a></i> (2021)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:center;"> <big>Culture</big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">By city</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_community_of_Brighton_and_Hove" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT community of Brighton and Hove">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Cardiff" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Leeds" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_history_in_Manchester" title="Timeline of LGBT history in Manchester">Manchester</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Gay_village#UK_Gay_villages" title="Gay village">Gay villages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Gay_Village" title="Birmingham Gay Village">Birmingham Gay Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Calls" title="The Calls">The Calls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Street_(Manchester)" title="Canal Street (Manchester)">Canal Street (Manchester)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Compton_Street" title="Old Compton Street">Old Compton Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_Quarter,_Liverpool" title="Pride Quarter, Liverpool">Pride Quarter, Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall" title="Vauxhall">Vauxhall</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Gay male</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polari" title="Polari">Polari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bathhouses_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Gay bathhouses in the United Kingdom">Saunas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_cruising_in_England_and_Wales" title="Gay cruising in England and Wales">Cruising</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:center;"> <big>Organisations</big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">LGBT advocacy and support</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_(charity)" title="Stonewall (charity)">Stonewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall%E2%80%93Carpenter_Archives" title="Hall–Carpenter Archives">Hall–Carpenter Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Gay_Men%27s_Advisory_Group" title="Black Gay Men's Advisory Group">Black Gay Men's Advisory Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akt_(charity)" title="Akt (charity)">Akt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naz_and_Matt_Foundation" title="Naz and Matt Foundation">Naz and Matt Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Families_and_Friends_of_Lesbians_and_Gays" title="Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays">FFLAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_Foundation" title="LGBT Foundation">LGBT Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_Network" title="LGBT Network">LGBT Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outright_Scotland" title="Outright Scotland">Outright Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switchboard_(UK)" title="Switchboard (UK)">Switchboard (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUS_LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="NUS LGBT">NUS LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%2B_Liberal_Democrats" title="LGBT+ Liberal Democrats">LGBT+ Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%2B_Conservatives" title="LGBT+ Conservatives">LGBT+ Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%2B_Labour" title="LGBT+ Labour">LGBT+ Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Campaign_for_Trans_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Campaign for Trans Rights">Labour Campaign for Trans Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mermaids_(charity)" title="Mermaids (charity)">Mermaids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_for_Change" title="Press for Change">Press for Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gender_Trust" title="The Gender Trust">The Gender Trust</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Pride_parade#United_Kingdom" title="Pride parade">Pride events</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BiCon_(UK)" title="BiCon (UK)">BiCon (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Gay_Out_(London)" title="Big Gay Out (London)">Big Gay Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Pride" title="Birmingham Pride">Birmingham Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourne_Free" title="Bourne Free">Bourne Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Pride" title="Brighton Pride">Brighton Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Pride" title="Bristol Pride">Bristol Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doncaster_Pride" title="Doncaster Pride">Doncaster Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GFest_%E2%80%93_gayWise_LGBT_Arts_Festival" title="GFest – gayWise LGBT Arts Festival">GFest – gayWise LGBT Arts Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgay!_Festival" title="Glasgay! Festival">Glasgay! Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homotopia_(festival)" title="Homotopia (festival)">Homotopia (Liverpool)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Pride" title="Leeds Pride">Leeds Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester_Pride" title="Leicester Pride">Leicester Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_History_Month" title="LGBT History Month">LGBT History Month</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFI_Flare:_London_LGBT_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="BFI Flare: London LGBT Film Festival">BFI Flare: London LGBT Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Pride" title="Manchester Pride">Manchester Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr_Gay_UK" title="Mr Gay UK">Mr Gay UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr_Gay_Wales" title="Mr Gay Wales">Mr Gay Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Pride_(festival)" title="Northern Pride (festival)">Northern Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire_Pride" title="Nottinghamshire Pride">Nottinghamshire Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_Cymru" title="Pride Cymru">Pride Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_Glasgow" title="Pride Glasgow">Pride Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_in_Hull" title="Pride in Hull">Pride in Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_in_Liverpool" title="Pride in Liverpool">Pride in Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_in_London" title="Pride in London">Pride in London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_Scotia" title="Pride Scotia">Pride Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Pride" title="Reading Pride">Reading Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea_Pride" title="Swansea Pride">Swansea Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worthing_Pride" title="Worthing Pride">Worthing Pride</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Former groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OutRage!" title="OutRage!">OutRage!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Homosexual_Equality" title="Campaign for Homosexual Equality">Campaign for Homosexual Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexual_Law_Reform_Society" title="Homosexual Law Reform Society">Homosexual Law Reform Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Liberation_Front" title="Gay Liberation Front">Gay Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Rights_Working_Party" title="Gay Rights Working Party">Gay Rights Working Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Chaeronea" title="Order of Chaeronea">Order of Chaeronea</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align:center;"> <big>History</big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_history_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of LGBT history in the United Kingdom">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_politicians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of LGBT politicians in the United Kingdom">List of politicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_first_LGBT_holders_of_political_offices_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the first LGBT holders of political offices in the United Kingdom">First LGBT officeholders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_violence_against_LGBT_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of violence against LGBT people in the United Kingdom">Violence against LGBT people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="HIV/AIDS in the United Kingdom">HIV/AIDS crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_penalty_for_homosexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty for homosexuality">Death penalty</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_history_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of LGBT history in the United Kingdom">Timeline</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 342</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <abbr title="Men who have sex with men">MSM</abbr> activity <a href="/wiki/Codex_Theodosianus" title="Codex Theodosianus">made illegal</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>1533</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Buggery_Act_1533" title="Buggery Act 1533">Death penalty introduced</a> for MSM activity</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1543</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Buggery Act extended to Wales</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>1828 </b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Offences_Against_the_Person_Act_1828" title="Offences Against the Person Act 1828">Offences Against the Person Act 1828</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1835</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">James Pratt and John Smith</a> executed</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>1861</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Offences_Against_the_Person_Act_1861" title="Offences Against the Person Act 1861">Death penalty for buggery abolished</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1885</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Labouchere_Amendment" title="Labouchere Amendment">Labouchere Amendment</a> introduced</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1889</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Street_scandal" title="Cleveland Street scandal">Cleveland Street scandal</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1895</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a> found guilty of gross indecency</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1912</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/The_Cave_of_the_Golden_Calf" title="The Cave of the Golden Calf">The Cave of the Golden Calf</a> opens</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1921</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Plans to make lesbian activity illegal defeated</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1936</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Weston_(athlete)" title="Mark Weston (athlete)">Mark Weston</a> transitions</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1952</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/John_Nott-Bower" title="John Nott-Bower">John Nott-Bower</a> begins crackdown</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1954</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Pitt-Rivers" title="Michael Pitt-Rivers">Pitt-Rivers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Douglas-Scott-Montagu,_3rd_Baron_Montagu_of_Beaulieu" title="Edward Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 3rd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu">Montagu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wildeblood" title="Peter Wildeblood">Wildeblood</a> imprisoned</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1954</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a> commits suicide</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1957</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Wolfenden_report" title="Wolfenden report">Wolfenden report</a> released</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>1967</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Sexual_Offences_Act_1967" title="Sexual Offences Act 1967">MSM activity made legal (England & Wales)</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1972</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> First British <a href="/wiki/Pride_parade" title="Pride parade">Gay Pride Rally</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1976</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Thorpe_affair" title="Thorpe affair">Jeremy Thorpe resigns</a> as Liberal leader</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1981</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> MSM activity <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_(Scotland)_Act_1980" title="Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980">made legal (Scotland)</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1981</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> First case of <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="HIV/AIDS in the United Kingdom">AIDS reported in the UK</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1982</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> MSM activity <a href="/wiki/Homosexual_Offences_(Northern_Ireland)_Order_1982" title="Homosexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 1982">made legal (<abbr title="Northern Ireland">NI</abbr>)</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1983</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Gay men <a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men_blood_donor_controversy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy in the United Kingdom">barred from donating blood</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1984</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Smith,_Baron_Smith_of_Finsbury" title="Chris Smith, Baron Smith of Finsbury">Chris Smith</a> elected as first openly gay MP</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1987</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Spanner" title="Operation Spanner">Operation Spanner</a> begins</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>1988</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Section_28" title="Section 28">Section 28</a> comes into force</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1989</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_(charity)" title="Stonewall (charity)">Stonewall UK</a> forms</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>1994</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Age of consent for MSM becomes 18</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1997</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Eagle" title="Angela Eagle">Angela Eagle</a> becomes first openly lesbian MP</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1998</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Bolton_7" title="Bolton 7">Bolton 7</a> found guilty</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1998</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Alli" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Alli">Lord Alli</a> becomes first openly gay Lord</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 1999</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/1999_London_nail_bombings" title="1999 London nail bombings">Admiral Duncan bombing</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2000</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Gay men allowed in HM Armed Forces</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>2001</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Age of consent equalised to 16</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2001</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> MSM activity involving multiple men legal</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2002</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Same sex couples granted <a href="/wiki/Adoption_and_Children_Act_2002" title="Adoption and Children Act 2002">equal rights to adopt</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>2003</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Section 28 repealed</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>2004</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Civil partnerships introduced</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>2004</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Gender_Recognition_Act_2004" title="Gender Recognition Act 2004">Gender Recognition Act 2004</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>2006</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Discrimination <a href="/wiki/Equality_Act_2006" title="Equality Act 2006">made illegal</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2008</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Human_Fertilisation_and_Embryology_Act_2008" title="Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008">Equalised access to IVF</a> for lesbian couples</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2008</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Incitement to homophobic hatred made a crime</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2009</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Public apology to <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>2010</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Equality_Act_2010" title="Equality Act 2010">Equality Act 2010</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2011</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Gay men allowed to donate blood (1 yr deferral)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2013</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Nikki_Sinclaire" title="Nikki Sinclaire">Nikki Sinclaire</a> becomes first openly trans MEP</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2013</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Marriage_(Same_Sex_Couples)_Act_2013" title="Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013">Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>2014</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> First <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in the UK">same-sex marriages</a> take place</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2016</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> MSM activity not grounds for military discharge</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2017</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Turing_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Turing law">Turing law</a> implemented</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2017</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Blood donation deferral 3 months (excl. NI)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2019</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> MPs <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(Executive_Formation_etc)_Act_2019" title="Northern Ireland (Executive Formation etc) Act 2019">legislate</a> for <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland">gay marriage in NI</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b>2020</b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Gay_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay marriage">Gay marriage</a> legal across UK, incl. NI</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2020</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Blood donation deferral 3 months (incl. NI)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> 2021</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> <a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men_blood_donor_controversy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy in the United Kingdom">Blood donation deferral equalised</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/28px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/42px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/56px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:UK">UK portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LGBTQ_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom_sidebar" title="Template:LGBTQ rights in the United Kingdom sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LGBTQ_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom_sidebar" title="Template talk:LGBTQ rights in the United Kingdom sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LGBTQ_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LGBTQ rights in the United Kingdom sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>James Pratt</b> (1805–1835),<sup id="cite_ref-OldBaileyProceedings_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OldBaileyProceedings-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MorningPost28Nov1835_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MorningPost28Nov1835-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as John Pratt, and <b>John Smith</b> (1795–1835)<sup id="cite_ref-OldBaileyProceedings_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OldBaileyProceedings-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MorningPost28Nov1835_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MorningPost28Nov1835-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were two London men who, in November 1835, became the last two to be executed for <a href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">sodomy</a> in England.<sup id="cite_ref-Cook109_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook109-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pratt and Smith were arrested in August of that year after being spied on through a keyhole allegedly having "<a href="/wiki/Carnal_knowledge" title="Carnal knowledge">carnal knowledge</a>" of each other in a room rented by William Bonill, a friend or acquaintance of one of the men, or possibly both. Bonill, although not present when the men were spied on, was nevertheless <a href="/wiki/Penal_transportation" title="Penal transportation">transported</a> to Australia as an accessory to Pratt and Smith's alleged crime, where he died. </p><p>Some modern human rights activists have cast doubt on the facts and legality of the conviction.<sup id="cite_ref-Tatchell_Foundation_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tatchell_Foundation-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2017, Pratt and Smith were among those who were posthumously pardoned by the <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing_law" title="Alan Turing law">Alan Turing law</a> which pardoned those who had been convicted of same-sex carnal offences which no longer exist in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-PinkNews_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PinkNews-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biographies">Biographies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biographies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">James Pratt</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1805</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">27 November 1835 (aged 30)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Newgate_Prison" title="Newgate Prison">Newgate Prison</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hanging" title="Hanging">Execution by hanging</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">Conviction(s)</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">Buggery</a> (posthumously pardoned in 2017)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal penalty</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">Death</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>James Pratt was born in 1805 and worked as a <a href="/wiki/Groom_(profession)" title="Groom (profession)">groom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cook109_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook109-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was married and lived with his wife and children at <a href="/wiki/Deptford" title="Deptford">Deptford</a>, Kent.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">John Smith</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1795</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">27 November 1835 (aged 40)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Newgate_Prison" title="Newgate Prison">Newgate Prison</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hanging" title="Hanging">Execution by hanging</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">Conviction(s)</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">Buggery</a> (posthumously pardoned in 2017)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal penalty</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">Death</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>John Smith was born in 1795 and was from <a href="/wiki/Southwark_Christchurch" title="Southwark Christchurch">Southwark Christchurch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OldBaileyProceedings_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OldBaileyProceedings-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was described in court proceedings<sup id="cite_ref-OldBailey_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OldBailey-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and contemporary newspaper reports as an unmarried labourer,<sup id="cite_ref-MorningPost28Nov1835_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MorningPost28Nov1835-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although other sources state he was married and worked as a servant.<sup id="cite_ref-Cook109_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook109-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arrest">Arrest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Arrest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>William Bonill, aged 68, had lived for 13 months in a rented room at a house near the <a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_Road" title="Blackfriars Road">Blackfriars Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southwark" title="Southwark">Southwark</a>, London. His landlord stated that Bonill had frequent male visitors, who generally came in pairs, and that his suspicions became aroused on the afternoon of 29 August 1835, when Pratt and Smith came to visit Bonill. </p><p>The landlord climbed to an outside vantage point in the loft of a nearby stable building, where he could see through the window of Bonill's room, before coming down to look into the room through the keyhole. Both the landlord and his wife later claimed they both looked through the keyhole and saw Pratt and Smith engaging in carnal relations with each other. The landlord after seeing what he saw broke open the door to confront them. Bonill was absent but returned a few minutes later with a jug of <a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">ale</a>. The landlord went to fetch a police constable and all three men were arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-OldBaileyProceedings_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OldBaileyProceedings-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trial_and_execution">Trial and execution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Trial and execution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pratt, Smith and Bonill were tried on 21 September 1835 at the <a href="/wiki/Old_Bailey" title="Old Bailey">Central Criminal Court</a>, before <a href="/wiki/John_Gurney_(judge)" title="John Gurney (judge)">Baron Gurney</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-OldBailey_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OldBailey-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a judge who had the reputation of being independent and acute, but also harsh.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pratt and Smith were convicted under section 15 of the <a href="/wiki/Offences_Against_the_Person_Act_1828" title="Offences Against the Person Act 1828">Offences Against the Person Act 1828</a>, which had replaced the <a href="/wiki/Buggery_Act_1533" title="Buggery Act 1533">1533 Buggery Act</a>, and were sentenced to death.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William Bonill was convicted as an accessory<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sentenced to 14 years of <a href="/wiki/Penal_transportation" title="Penal transportation">penal transportation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OldBailey_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OldBailey-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of witnesses came forward to testify to the good character of Pratt.<sup id="cite_ref-OldBaileyProceedings_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OldBaileyProceedings-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No character witnesses came forward to testify on behalf of Smith.<sup id="cite_ref-OldBailey_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OldBailey-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The conviction of the three men rested entirely on what the landlord and his wife claimed to have witnessed, and the evidence of the police constable who had examined the clothing of both men after his arrival at Bonhill's lodging house. Modern commentators have cast doubts on their testimony, based on the narrow field of vision afforded by a keyhole and the acts (some anatomically impossible) the couple claimed to have witnessed during the brief length of time they were looking.<sup id="cite_ref-Tatchell_Foundation_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tatchell_Foundation-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The magistrate, <a href="/wiki/Hensleigh_Wedgwood" title="Hensleigh Wedgwood">Hensleigh Wedgwood</a>, who had <a href="/wiki/Committal_procedure" title="Committal procedure">committed</a> the three men to trial,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> subsequently wrote to the <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Lord John Russell</a>, arguing for the commutation of the death sentences, stating: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It is the only crime where there is no injury done to any individual and in consequence it requires a very small expense to commit it in so private a manner and to take such precautions as shall render conviction impossible. It is also the only capital crime that is committed by rich men but owing to the circumstances I have mentioned they are never convicted.</p></blockquote> <p>Although Wedgwood was a deeply religious man<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he did not concur with the then prevailing view of society that sodomy committed between humans should be a capital offence. He also judged it unjust that it was a sentence more likely to befall poorer men than richer men as richer men could afford a private space that would make their arrest less likely. And even if arrested, Wedgwood might have observed, a richer man would have had the resources to post <a href="/wiki/Bail" title="Bail">bail</a> money, and then flee abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, despite this degree of sympathy, Wedgwood described the men as "degraded creatures" in another letter.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 November 1835, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a> and the newspaper editor <a href="/wiki/John_Black_(journalist)" title="John Black (journalist)">John Black</a> visited <a href="/wiki/Newgate_Prison" title="Newgate Prison">Newgate Prison</a>; Dickens wrote an account of this in <i><a href="/wiki/Sketches_by_Boz" title="Sketches by Boz">Sketches by Boz</a></i> and described seeing Pratt and Smith while they were being held there:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The other two men were at the upper end of the room. One of them, who was imperfectly seen in the dim light, had his back towards us, and was stooping over the fire, with his right arm on the mantel-piece, and his head sunk upon it. The other was leaning on the sill of the farthest window. The light fell full upon him, and communicated to his pale, haggard face, and disordered hair, an appearance which, at that distance, was ghastly. His cheek rested upon his hand; and, with his face a little raised, and his eyes wildly staring before him, he seemed to be unconsciously intent on counting the chinks in the opposite wall.</p></blockquote> <p>The gaoler who was escorting Dickens confidently predicted to him that the two would be executed and was proved right. Seventeen individuals were sentenced to death at the September and October sessions of the Central Criminal Court for offences that included burglary, robbery, and attempted murder. On 21 November, all were granted remission of their death sentences under the <a href="/wiki/Prerogative_of_Mercy" class="mw-redirect" title="Prerogative of Mercy">Royal Prerogative of Mercy</a> with the exceptions of Pratt and Smith.<sup id="cite_ref-Standard23Nov1835_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Standard23Nov1835-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There had been previous reprieves of men sentenced to death for sodomy, such as Martin Mellet and James Farthing who had been condemned in 1828 but were instead <a href="/wiki/Transported_to_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transported to Australia">transported to Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But this was not granted to Pratt and Smith despite an appeal for mercy submitted by the men's wives that was heard by the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Privy Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A petition for mercy was even made by the landlord and his wife who had been witnesses against them.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hangin_outside_Newgate_Prison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hangin_outside_Newgate_Prison.jpg/290px-Hangin_outside_Newgate_Prison.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hangin_outside_Newgate_Prison.jpg/435px-Hangin_outside_Newgate_Prison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hangin_outside_Newgate_Prison.jpg/580px-Hangin_outside_Newgate_Prison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="437" /></a><figcaption>An execution outside <a href="/wiki/Newgate_Prison" title="Newgate Prison">Newgate Prison</a> in London, early 19th century</figcaption></figure> <p>Pratt and Smith were hanged in front of <a href="/wiki/Newgate_Prison" title="Newgate Prison">Newgate Prison</a> on the morning of 27 November. The crowd of spectators was described in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times'</a></i> newspaper report as larger than usual;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this was possibly because the hanging was the first to have taken place at Newgate in nearly two years.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The report of the execution in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Morning_Post" title="The Morning Post">The Morning Post</a></i> states that when the men were led onto the scaffold the crowd began to hiss, and this continued until the moment of their execution.<sup id="cite_ref-MorningPost28Nov1835_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MorningPost28Nov1835-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Possibly this indicated the crowd's disagreement with the execution,<sup id="cite_ref-Tatchell_Foundation_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tatchell_Foundation-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or it may have indicated disapproval of the men's alleged acts.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pratt was reportedly too weak to stand, and had to be held upright by the executioner's assistants while preparations were made to hang him.<sup id="cite_ref-MorningPost28Nov1835_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MorningPost28Nov1835-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The event was sufficiently notable for a <a href="/wiki/Broadside_(printing)" title="Broadside (printing)">printed broadside</a> to be published and sold. This described the men's trial and included the purported text of a final letter that was claimed to have been written by Smith to a friend.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bonill was one of 290 prisoners transported to Australia on the ship <i><a href="/wiki/Asia_(1818_ship)" title="Asia (1818 ship)">Asia</a></i>, which departed England on 5 November 1835 and arrived in Van Diemen's Land (now <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>) on 21 February 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bonill died at the age of 74 at <a href="/wiki/Royal_Derwent_Hospital" title="Royal Derwent Hospital">New Norfolk Hospital</a> in Van Diemen's Land on 29 April 1841.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A collection of contemporary documents, including petitions made on behalf of the men, and letters about their case are held by the <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">United Kingdom National Archives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both Pratt and Smith are central characters in the stage play <i>Particular Disposition</i>, written by Benjamin Fulk.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The song "45 George Street" by <a href="/wiki/Bird_in_the_Belly" title="Bird in the Belly">Bird in the Belly</a> tells their story.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The case of Pratt and Smith is the subject of the non-fiction book <i>James and John: A True Story of Prejudice and Murder</i> by <a href="/wiki/Chris_Bryant" title="Chris Bryant">Chris Bryant</a> MP published in February 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2024, <a href="/wiki/Southwark_London_Borough_Council" title="Southwark London Borough Council">Southwark</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Democrat">Liberal Democrat</a> councillor Victor Chamberlain proposed a <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_plaque" title="Rainbow plaque">rainbow plaque</a> be unveiled on <a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_Road" title="Blackfriars Road">Blackfriars Road</a> to commemorate Pratt and Smith.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sources give varying ages for the two men. The account of their trial in <i>The Proceedings of the Old Bailey</i> states they were 30 and 40 years old. A contemporary newspaper report of their execution (<i>The Morning Post</i>, issue 20273, page 4) states they were 32 and 34 years old.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the period from 1810 to 1835, 46 people convicted of sodomy were hanged and 32 sentenced to death but reprieved. A further 716 were imprisoned or sentenced to the pillory before its use was restricted in 1816. (<i>See: Lauterbach and Alber (2009), p. 49.</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The sentence of death was mandatory, but under the <a href="/wiki/Judgement_of_Death_Act_1823" class="mw-redirect" title="Judgement of Death Act 1823">Judgement of Death Act 1823</a>, the judge would have had the power to commute it to imprisonment.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wedgwood later resigned from the a magistracy because he felt the duties were incompatible with the commandments of the Bible.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This had happened 13 years earlier in 1822, when <a href="/wiki/Percy_Jocelyn" title="Percy Jocelyn">Percy Jocelyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Clogher" title="Bishop of Clogher">Bishop of Clogher</a> had been arrested with a soldier for having sex in a private room in a London pub. Despite the enormous public scandal, he was able to flee to Scotland and live there in anonymity.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pratt and Smith were the only people to be executed at Newgate in the three-year period 1834–1836; this partial, temporary moratorium may have been for political reasons and because of a change in the law. Prior to 1834, individuals had been executed for any of 20 different offences; after 1836, only convicted murderers were hanged outside Newgate, until the ending of public execution in 1868. See <i>A History of London's Newgate Prison</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-OldBaileyProceedings-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OldBaileyProceedings_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OldBaileyProceedings_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OldBaileyProceedings_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OldBaileyProceedings_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OldBaileyProceedings_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Old Bailey Proceedings Online</i> (accessed 27 January 2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?div=t18350921-1934">Trial of JOHN SMITH, JAMES PRATT, WILLIAM BONILL</a>. (t18350921-1934, 21 September 1835).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MorningPost28Nov1835-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MorningPost28Nov1835_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MorningPost28Nov1835_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MorningPost28Nov1835_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MorningPost28Nov1835_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MorningPost28Nov1835_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191128012058/https://www.bl.uk/lgbtq-histories/articles/the-men-killed-under-the-buggery-act">"Execution"</a>. <i>The Morning Post</i>. No. 20273. London. 28 November 1835. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/lgbtq-histories/articles/the-men-killed-under-the-buggery-act">the original</a> on 28 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Execution&rft.issue=20273&rft.date=1835-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Flgbtq-histories%2Farticles%2Fthe-men-killed-under-the-buggery-act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cook109-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cook109_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cook109_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cook109_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook <i>et al</i> (2007), p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tatchell_Foundation-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tatchell_Foundation_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tatchell_Foundation_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tatchell_Foundation_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan,_Frank2015" class="citation web cs1">Ryan, Frank (24 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.petertatchellfoundation.org/lgbt-community/pratt-smith-last-uk-men-hanged-sodomy">"Pratt & Smith – Last UK men hanged for sodomy"</a>. Peter Tatchell Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pratt+%26+Smith+%E2%80%93+Last+UK+men+hanged+for+sodomy&rft.pub=Peter+Tatchell+Foundation&rft.date=2015-03-24&rft.au=Ryan%2C+Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.petertatchellfoundation.org%2Flgbt-community%2Fpratt-smith-last-uk-men-hanged-sodomy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PinkNews-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PinkNews_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2017/07/17/the-tragic-story-of-the-last-two-men-in-the-uk-executed-for-being-gay-mercy-could-not-be-expected-of-men-like-them/">"The tragic story of the last two men in the UK executed for being gay: 'Mercy could not be expected of men like them'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Pink News. 17 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+tragic+story+of+the+last+two+men+in+the+UK+executed+for+being+gay%3A+%27Mercy+could+not+be+expected+of+men+like+them%27&rft.pub=Pink+News&rft.date=2017-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinknews.co.uk%2F2017%2F07%2F17%2Fthe-tragic-story-of-the-last-two-men-in-the-uk-executed-for-being-gay-mercy-could-not-be-expected-of-men-like-them%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OldBailey-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OldBailey_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OldBailey_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OldBailey_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OldBailey_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?id=t18350921-1934-offence-2&div=t18350921">Old Bailey Proceedings Online</a> (www.oldbaileyonline.org, version 7.0, 26 December 2012), September 1835, trial of JOHN SMITH JAMES PRATT WILLIAM BONILL (t18350921-1934).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hamilton, J. A. (2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddnb.com/view/article/11767?docPos=2">"Oxford DNB article: Gurney, Sir John (subscription needed)"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F11767">10.1093/ref:odnb/11767</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Oxford+DNB+article%3A+Gurney%2C+Sir+John+%28subscription+needed%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F11767&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=J.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F11767%3FdocPos%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Central Criminal Court, Saturday, Sept. 26". <i>The Times</i>. No. 15906. London. 28 September 1835. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Central+Criminal+Court%2C+Saturday%2C+Sept.+26.&rft.issue=15906&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1835-09-28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191128012058/https://www.bl.uk/lgbtq-histories/articles/the-men-killed-under-the-buggery-act">"The men killed under the Buggery Act"</a>. <i>The British Library</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/lgbtq-histories/articles/the-men-killed-under-the-buggery-act">the original</a> on 28 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Library&rft.atitle=The+men+killed+under+the+Buggery+Act&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Flgbtq-histories%2Farticles%2Fthe-men-killed-under-the-buggery-act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cocks (2010), p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brady and Seymour (2019), p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Upchurch (2009), p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lauterbach and Alber (2009), p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.charlesdickenspage.com/visit-newgate.html">The Charles Dickens Page – A Visit to Newgate</a>, www.charlesdickenspage.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Standard23Nov1835-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Standard23Nov1835_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Multiple News Items". <i>The Standard</i>. No. 2664. London. 23 November 1835.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Standard&rft.atitle=Multiple+News+Items&rft.issue=2664&rft.date=1835-11-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brady and Seymour (2019), p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook <i>et al</i> (2007), p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191128012058/https://www.bl.uk/lgbtq-histories/articles/the-men-killed-under-the-buggery-act">"British Library"</a>. <i>www.bl.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/lgbtq-histories/articles/the-men-killed-under-the-buggery-act">the original</a> on 28 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bl.uk&rft.atitle=British+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Flgbtq-histories%2Farticles%2Fthe-men-killed-under-the-buggery-act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191128012058/https://www.bl.uk/lgbtq-histories/articles/the-men-killed-under-the-buggery-act">"Execution"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. No. 15959. London. 28 November 1835. p. 3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/lgbtq-histories/articles/the-men-killed-under-the-buggery-act">the original</a> on 28 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Execution&rft.issue=15959&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1835-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Flgbtq-histories%2Farticles%2Fthe-men-killed-under-the-buggery-act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/newgate.html">"A history of London's Newgate prison"</a>. www.capitalpunishmentuk.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+history+of+London%27s+Newgate+prison&rft.pub=www.capitalpunishmentuk.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capitalpunishmentuk.org%2Fnewgate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brady and Seymour (2019), p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anonymous, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HLS.Libr:1087981">"The Particulars of the Execution of James Pratt & John Smith"</a> (1835), London printed by T. Birt. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/83814830">83814830</a>, Harvard Law School Library, Historical and Special Collection</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200312133836/https://convictrecords.com.au/ships/asia/1835">"Asia voyage to Van Diemen's Land, Australia in 1835 with 290 passengers"</a>. Convict Records of Australia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.convictrecords.com.au/ships/asia/1835">the original</a> on 12 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asia+voyage+to+Van+Diemen%27s+Land%2C+Australia+in+1835+with+290+passengers&rft.pub=Convict+Records+of+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.convictrecords.com.au%2Fships%2Fasia%2F1835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.convictrecords.com.au/convicts/bonill/william/37784">"William Bonill"</a>. Convict Records of Australia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+Bonill&rft.pub=Convict+Records+of+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.convictrecords.com.au%2Fconvicts%2Fbonill%2Fwilliam%2F37784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C16707292">"Prisoner name: James Pratt, aged 30, and John Smith, aged 40. Court and date of trial:..."</a> 1835<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prisoner+name%3A+James+Pratt%2C+aged+30%2C+and+John+Smith%2C+aged+40.+Court+and+date+of+trial%3A...&rft.date=1835&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Fr%2FC16707292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2018austinfilmfestivalandco.sched.com/event/HxpX/script-reading-workshop-particular-disposition">"2018 Austin Film Festival and Conference Schedule: Script Reading Workshop: Particular Disp..."</a> <i>2018austinfilmfestivalandco.sched.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2018austinfilmfestivalandco.sched.com&rft.atitle=2018+Austin+Film+Festival+and+Conference+Schedule%3A+Script+Reading+Workshop%3A+Particular+Disp...&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2018austinfilmfestivalandco.sched.com%2Fevent%2FHxpX%2Fscript-reading-workshop-particular-disposition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190602183216/https://pwcenter.org/play-profile/particular-disposition">"Particular Disposition"</a>. <i>Playwrights' Center</i>. 3 July 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pwcenter.org/play-profile/particular-disposition">the original</a> on 2 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Playwrights%27+Center&rft.atitle=Particular+Disposition&rft.date=2018-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpwcenter.org%2Fplay-profile%2Fparticular-disposition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190602183210/https://www.the21strewrite.com/blog/2019/4/15/particular-disposition">"Episode #11 — Particular Disposition (2018)"</a>. <i>The 21st Rewrite</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.the21strewrite.com/blog/2019/4/15/particular-disposition">the original</a> on 2 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+21st+Rewrite&rft.atitle=Episode+%2311+%E2%80%94+Particular+Disposition+%282018%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.the21strewrite.com%2Fblog%2F2019%2F4%2F15%2Fparticular-disposition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/austin-film-festival-unveils-2018-script-film-competition-winners-1156259">"Austin Film Festival Unveils 2018 Script and Film Competition Winners"</a>. <i>The Hollywood Reporter</i>. 30 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Austin+Film+Festival+Unveils+2018+Script+and+Film+Competition+Winners&rft.date=2018-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Faustin-film-festival-unveils-2018-script-film-competition-winners-1156259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/birdinthebelly/posts/2702941293062231">The final song on our Neighbours and Sisters album...</a>, facebook</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryant2024" class="citation book cs1">Bryant, Chris (2024). <i>James and John: A True Story of Prejudice and Murder</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781526644978" title="Special:BookSources/9781526644978"><bdi>9781526644978</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=James+and+John%3A+A+True+Story+of+Prejudice+and+Murder&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9781526644978&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamirez2024" class="citation news cs1">Ramirez, Isabel (7 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://southwarknews.co.uk/area/southwark/the-last-two-men-to-be-executed-for-homosexual-acts-were-from-southwark/">"The last two men to be executed for homosexual acts were from Southwark"</a>. <i>Souhwark News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Souhwark+News&rft.atitle=The+last+two+men+to+be+executed+for+homosexual+acts+were+from+Southwark&rft.date=2024-04-07&rft.aulast=Ramirez&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsouthwarknews.co.uk%2Farea%2Fsouthwark%2Fthe-last-two-men-to-be-executed-for-homosexual-acts-were-from-southwark%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradySeymour2019" class="citation book cs1">Brady, Sean; Seymour, Mark (25 July 2019). <i>From Sodomy Laws to Same-Sex Marriage: International Perspectives since 1789</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-350-02390-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-350-02390-1"><bdi>978-1-350-02390-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Sodomy+Laws+to+Same-Sex+Marriage%3A+International+Perspectives+since+1789&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2019-07-25&rft.isbn=978-1-350-02390-1&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft.au=Seymour%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCocks,_Dr_Harry2010" class="citation book cs1">Cocks, Dr Harry (2010). <i>Nameless Offences, Homosexual Desire in the 19th Century</i>. I.B.Taurus & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781848850903" title="Special:BookSources/9781848850903"><bdi>9781848850903</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nameless+Offences%2C+Homosexual+Desire+in+the+19th+Century&rft.pub=I.B.Taurus+%26+Co.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781848850903&rft.au=Cocks%2C+Dr+Harry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCookMillsTrumbackCocks2007" class="citation book cs1">Cook, Matt; Mills, Robert; Trumback, Randolph; Cocks, Harry (2007). <i>A Gay History of Britain: Love and Sex Between Men Since the Middle Ages</i>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_World_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood World Publishing">Greenwood World Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1846450020" title="Special:BookSources/978-1846450020"><bdi>978-1846450020</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Gay+History+of+Britain%3A+Love+and+Sex+Between+Men+Since+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=Greenwood+World+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1846450020&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft.au=Mills%2C+Robert&rft.au=Trumback%2C+Randolph&rft.au=Cocks%2C+Harry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLauterbachAlber2009" class="citation book cs1">Lauterbach, Frank; Alber, Jan (2009). <i>Stones of Law, Bricks of Shame: Narrating Imprisonment in the Victorian Age</i>. University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802098979" title="Special:BookSources/978-0802098979"><bdi>978-0802098979</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stones+of+Law%2C+Bricks+of+Shame%3A+Narrating+Imprisonment+in+the+Victorian+Age&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0802098979&rft.aulast=Lauterbach&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.au=Alber%2C+Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRictor_Norton2014" class="citation book cs1">Rictor Norton, ed. (12 September 2014). "The Trial of James Pratt and John Smith, 1835". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rictornorton.co.uk/eighteen/1835prat.htm"><i>Homosexuality in Nineteenth-Century England: A Sourcebook</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Trial+of+James+Pratt+and+John+Smith%2C+1835&rft.btitle=Homosexuality+in+Nineteenth-Century+England%3A+A+Sourcebook&rft.date=2014-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frictornorton.co.uk%2Feighteen%2F1835prat.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpchurch2009" class="citation book cs1">Upchurch, Charles (2009). <i>Before Wilde: Sex between Men in Britain's Age of Reform</i>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520258532" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520258532"><bdi>978-0520258532</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Before+Wilde%3A+Sex+between+Men+in+Britain%27s+Age+of+Reform&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0520258532&rft.aulast=Upchurch&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Pratt+and+John+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&oldid=1253165790">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&oldid=1253165790</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1835_deaths" title="Category:1835 deaths">1835 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_gay_men" title="Category:English gay men">English gay men</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_executions_by_England_and_Wales" title="Category:19th-century executions by England and Wales">19th-century executions by England and Wales</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Duos" title="Category:Duos">Duos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Executed_people_from_London" title="Category:Executed people from London">Executed people from London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_English_LGBTQ_people" title="Category:19th-century English LGBTQ people">19th-century English LGBTQ people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_executed_for_sodomy" title="Category:People executed for sodomy">People executed for sodomy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_convicted_for_homosexuality_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:People convicted for homosexuality in the United Kingdom">People convicted for homosexuality in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1835_crimes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:1835 crimes in the United Kingdom">1835 crimes in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1830s_crimes_in_London" title="Category:1830s crimes in London">1830s crimes in London</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_ODNB" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2023">Use dmy dates from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 October 2024, at 17:18<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Pratt_and_John_Smith&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5cd4cd96d5-s76tb","wgBackendResponseTime":177,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.737","walltime":"0.907","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8525,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":207290,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7274,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":113626,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 762.895 1 -total"," 31.31% 238.878 1 Template:LGBT_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom_sidebar"," 30.86% 235.423 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 27.64% 210.885 2 Template:Reflist"," 21.46% 163.698 2 Template:Infobox_criminal"," 12.18% 92.928 5 Template:Cite_news"," 10.72% 81.754 1 Template:Hlist"," 9.67% 73.773 5 Template:Aligned_table"," 9.11% 69.508 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.43% 56.714 12 Template:Cite_web"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.432","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7708828,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-5f67bcf949-rmwvj","timestamp":"20241126225457","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"James Pratt and John Smith","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Pratt_and_John_Smith","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6253330","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6253330","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-03-08T11:51:37Z","dateModified":"2024-10-24T17:18:20Z","headline":"two London men executed, November 1835, for sodomy in England"}</script> </body> </html>