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<li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Whist" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Whist" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rules</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rules-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rules subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shuffling_and_dealing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shuffling_and_dealing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Shuffling and dealing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shuffling_and_dealing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Play" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Play"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Play</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Play-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scoring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scoring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Scoring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scoring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basic_tactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basic_tactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Basic tactics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basic_tactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Auction_whist_group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auction_whist_group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Auction whist group</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auction_whist_group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boston_group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boston_group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Boston group</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boston_group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classic_whist_group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classic_whist_group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Classic whist group</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classic_whist_group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exact_bidding_group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exact_bidding_group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Exact bidding group</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exact_bidding_group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whists_for_other_numbers_of_players" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whists_for_other_numbers_of_players"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Whists for other numbers of players</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whists_for_other_numbers_of_players-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_games_called_'whist'" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_games_called_'whist'"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Other games called 'whist'</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_games_called_'whist'-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whist_drive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whist_drive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Whist drive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whist_drive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literary references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Whist</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82" title="Вист – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вист" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whist" title="Whist – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Whist" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whist" title="Whist – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Whist" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whist" title="Whist – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Whist" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whist" title="Whist – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Whist" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whist" title="Whist – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Whist" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visto" title="Visto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Visto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whist" title="Whist – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Whist" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9C%98%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8" title="휘스트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="휘스트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisto" title="Wisto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Wisto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vist" title="Vist – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vist" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whist" title="Whist – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Whist" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98" title="ויסט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויסט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whist" title="Whist – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Whist" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88" title="ホイスト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホイスト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whist" title="Whist – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Whist" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whist" title="Whist – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Whist" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wist_(gra)" title="Wist (gra) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wist (gra)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C3%ADste" title="Uíste – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Uíste" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whist" title="Whist – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Whist" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Вист (карточная игра) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вист (карточная игра)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whist" title="Whist – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Whist" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whist" title="Whist – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Whist" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82" title="Вист – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вист" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visti" title="Visti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Visti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whist" title="Whist – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Whist" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whist" title="Whist – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Whist" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="惠斯特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="惠斯特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q767979#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the racehorse, see <a href="/wiki/Whist_(horse)" title="Whist (horse)">Whist (horse)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Whist</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Whist_marker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Whist_marker.jpg/200px-Whist_marker.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Whist_marker.jpg/300px-Whist_marker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Whist_marker.jpg/400px-Whist_marker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="606" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Whist_marker" title="Whist marker">whist marker</a> by the British printing Co. <a href="/wiki/De_La_Rue" title="De La Rue">De La Rue</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trick-taking" class="mw-redirect" title="Trick-taking">Trick-taking</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Players</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Skills</th><td class="infobox-data">Tactics, strategy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cards</th><td class="infobox-data">52</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deck</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French-suited_playing_cards" title="French-suited playing cards">French</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank (high→low)</th><td class="infobox-data">A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Play</th><td class="infobox-data">Clockwise</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Playing time</th><td class="infobox-data">30 min</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chance</th><td class="infobox-data">Medium</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Related games</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Bridge_(card_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge (card game)">Bridge</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Whist</b> is a classic English <a href="/wiki/Trick-taking_game" title="Trick-taking game">trick-taking</a> <a href="/wiki/Card_game" title="Card game">card game</a> which was widely played in the 18th and 19th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the rules are simple, there is scope for strategic play.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drawing_by_Marguerite_Martyn_of_Women%27s_Whist_Club_Congress,_1906,_St._Louis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Drawing_by_Marguerite_Martyn_of_Women%27s_Whist_Club_Congress%2C_1906%2C_St._Louis.jpg/260px-Drawing_by_Marguerite_Martyn_of_Women%27s_Whist_Club_Congress%2C_1906%2C_St._Louis.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Drawing_by_Marguerite_Martyn_of_Women%27s_Whist_Club_Congress%2C_1906%2C_St._Louis.jpg/390px-Drawing_by_Marguerite_Martyn_of_Women%27s_Whist_Club_Congress%2C_1906%2C_St._Louis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Drawing_by_Marguerite_Martyn_of_Women%27s_Whist_Club_Congress%2C_1906%2C_St._Louis.jpg/520px-Drawing_by_Marguerite_Martyn_of_Women%27s_Whist_Club_Congress%2C_1906%2C_St._Louis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2238" /></a><figcaption>Drawing by <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Martyn" title="Marguerite Martyn">Marguerite Martyn</a> for the <i>St. Louis Post-Dispatch</i> of a session of the Women's Whist Club Congress, April 1906, in St. Louis, Missouri</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1674, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Compleat_Gamester" title="The Compleat Gamester">The Complete Gamester</a></i> described the game <a href="/wiki/Ruff_and_Honours" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruff and Honours">Ruff and Honours</a> as the most popular descendant of <a href="/wiki/Triomphe" title="Triomphe">Triumph</a> played in England during the 17th Century. Whist is described as a simpler, more staid, version of Ruff and Honours with the twos removed instead of having a stock. In the 18th Century, Whist, played with a 52 card pack, superseded Ruff and Honours.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The game takes its name from the 17th-century word <i>whist</i> (or <i>wist</i>) meaning <i>quiet</i>, <i>silent</i>, <i>attentive</i>, which is the root of the modern <i>wistful</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whist was first played on scientific principles by gentlemen in the Crown Coffee House in Bedford Row, London, around 1728, according to <a href="/wiki/Daines_Barrington" title="Daines Barrington">Daines Barrington</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Hoyle" title="Edmond Hoyle">Edmond Hoyle</a>, suspected to be a member of this group, began to tutor wealthy young gentlemen in the game and published <i>A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist</i> in 1742. It became the standard text and rules for the game for the next hundred years. </p><p>In 1862, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Jones_(writer)" title="Henry Jones (writer)">Henry Jones</a>, writing under the pseudonym "Cavendish", published <i>The Principles of Whist Stated and Explained, and Its Practice Illustrated on an Original System, by Means of Hands Played Completely Through</i>, which became the standard text.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his book, Jones outlined a comprehensive history of Whist, and suggested that its ancestors could include a game called Trionf, mentioned by a sixteenth century Italian poet named Berni, and a game called Trump (or Triumph), mentioned in Shakespeare's <i><a href="/wiki/Antony_and_Cleopatra" title="Antony and Cleopatra">Antony and Cleopatra</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many subsequent editions and enlargements of Jones's book were published using the simpler title <i>Cavendish On Whist</i>. Whist by now was governed by elaborate and rigid rules covering the laws of the game, etiquette and play which took time to study and master. </p><p>In the early 1890s, Whist was quickly replaced by the new game of Bridge in clubs. Whist was still played as a social game, in club individual duplicate cardplay competitions, and later at charitable social events called <a href="#whist_drive"><i>whist drives</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-drive_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drive-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are many modern variants of whist still played for fun, though whist can still be played online following the same rules as 300 years ago. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rules">Rules</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A standard 52-card pack is used and the game is played Clockwise. By the time of Whist, the Ace had been promoted to top honour, so the cards are ranked: A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2. Whist is played by four players who draw cards to decide partnerships and the Dealer. The two lowest cards play together, and choose their seats facing each other. Highest card is Dealer and 2nd highest is their partner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shuffling_and_dealing">Shuffling and dealing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Shuffling and dealing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dealer chooses a pack, which their side will deal throughout, and passes it to the player on their left to be shuffled. Dealer then picks up the pack, and may give it a last shuffle, before passing to the player on their right to cut. Dealer then completes the cut and deals 13 cards to each player one at a time, dealing their last card face up to set trumps. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Play">Play</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Play"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The play at Whist is the simplest form of Triumph and has been used by many other games. Eldest Hand, the player on Dealer's left, leads to the first trick. Dealer picks up the trump card when it is their turn to play. Players must follow suit if they can, and if they can't follow suit may discard or play a trump. The trick is won by the highest card of the suit led, unless trumps are played to the trick, when the highest trump wins. </p><p>Before the next trick starts, a player may ask to review the cards from the last trick. The winner of the trick leads to the next trick. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scoring">Scoring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Scoring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tohanovertoken.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tohanovertoken.png/170px-Tohanovertoken.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tohanovertoken.png/255px-Tohanovertoken.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tohanovertoken.png/340px-Tohanovertoken.png 2x" data-file-width="617" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>19th-century whist scoring counter, depicting the departure of <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Jack" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumberland Jack">Cumberland Jack</a> from Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENotes_and_Queries[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidMQmVh6TnKEACpgPA26_26]_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENotes_and_Queries[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidMQmVh6TnKEACpgPA26_26]-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>A point is scored for each odd trick (trick in excess of six) won by a pair. </p><p>Short Whist in Britain was played with a game five odd tricks and the first pair to win two games won the Rubber. Honours were optional with a pair holding three of the top four Honours getting one trick bonus, and all four top honours a two trick bonus. In America game was seven odd tricks. Long Whist was also played where game was 9 or 10 odd tricks, usually played with Honours. </p><p>Modern Short Whist is commonly played with three Honours worth two points and all four Honours worth four points. A pair with four points is unable to win game by Honours and needs to make an odd trick. </p><p>When playing for stakes a game is one point. Game where opponents score 1 or 2 tricks is a double game and game where opponents don't score any tricks is a triple game. There is a two point bonus for winning the Rubber. </p><p>Whist can be scored with a pen and paper, or with <a href="/wiki/Whist_marker" title="Whist marker"> whist markers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basic_tactics">Basic tactics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Basic tactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>For the opening lead, it is best to lead your strongest suit, which is usually the <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge_glossary#longsuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Contract bridge glossary">longest</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge_glossary#singleton" class="mw-redirect" title="Contract bridge glossary">singleton</a> may also be a good lead, aiming at trumping in that suit, as one's partner should normally return the suit led.</li> <li>1st hand: It is usual to lead the king from a sequence of honours that includes it, including AK (the lead of an ace therefore denies the king).</li> <li>2nd hand usually plays low, especially with a single honour. However, it is often correct to split honours (play the lower of two touching honours) and to cover a J or 10 when holding Qx and cover a Q when holding the ace.</li> <li>3rd hand usually plays high, though play the lowest of touching honours. The <a href="/wiki/Finesse" title="Finesse">finesse</a> can be a useful technique, especially in trumps where honours cannot be trumped if they are not <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge_glossary#cash" class="mw-redirect" title="Contract bridge glossary">cashed</a>.</li> <li>Discards are usually low cards of an unwanted suit. However, when the opponents are <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge_glossary#draw" class="mw-redirect" title="Contract bridge glossary">drawing trumps</a> a suit preference signal is given by throwing a low card of one's strongest suit.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_contract_bridge_terms" title="Glossary of contract bridge terms">Glossary of contract bridge terms</a></div> <dl><dt>Deal</dt> <dd>One card at a time is given to each player by the dealer starting with the player on the dealer's left and proceeding clockwise until the deck is fully distributed.</dd> <dt>Dealer</dt> <dd>The player who deals the cards for a hand.</dd> <dt>Deck</dt> <dd>The pack of cards used for playing comprising 52 cards in four suits.</dd> <dt>Dummy</dt> <dd>In some variations, a hand is turned face up and is played from by the player seated opposite. This allows the game to be played by three players.</dd> <dt>Finesse</dt> <dd>The play of a lower honour even though holding a higher one, hoping that the intermediate honour is held by a player who has already played to the trick. To give an example: you hold the ace and queen of hearts. Your right-hand antagonist leads a heart, from which you infer that he holds the king of the same suit and wishes to draw the ace, in order to make his king. You however play the queen, and win the trick; still retaining your ace, ready to win again when he plays his king.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Game</dt> <dd>Reaching a total score agreed beforehand to be the score played up to.</dd> <dt>Grand Slam</dt> <dd>The winning, by one team, of all thirteen tricks in a hand.</dd> <dt>Hand</dt> <dd>Thirteen tricks. (52 cards in the deck divided by four players equals thirteen cards per player.)</dd> <dt>Honours</dt> <dd>In some variations, extra points are assigned after a game to a team if they were dealt the ace, king, queen, and jack (knave) of the trump suit.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Lead</dt> <dd>The first card played in a trick.</dd> <dt>Lurch</dt> <dd>Rare or obsolete. To prevent one's adversary from scoring a treble [OED] or in the phrase 'save one's lurch' to just escape losing the game [Hoyle, Britannica 1911].<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Pack</dt> <dd>See Deck.</dd> <dt>Rubber</dt> <dd>Three games.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Small slam</dt> <dd>The winning, by one team, of twelve tricks in a hand.</dd> <dt>Tenace</dt> <dd>A suit holding containing the highest and third-highest of the suit or (the "minor tenace") second- and fourth-highest.</dd> <dt>Trick</dt> <dd>Four cards played one each by the players.</dd> <dt>Trump</dt> <dd>The suit chosen by the last-dealt card that will beat all other suits regardless of rank. If two or more trump cards are played in a single trick, the highest-ranking trump wins it.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Whist is the simplest form of Triumph played with full 52 card pack and developed formal rules, it formed the basis of many subsequent <a href="/wiki/Trick-taking_game" title="Trick-taking game">trick-taking games</a>. <a href="/wiki/John_McLeod_(game_researcher)" class="mw-redirect" title="John McLeod (game researcher)">McLeod</a> classifies this family into a number of sub-groups: the auction whist, Boston, classic whist and exact bidding groups, and games played by numbers of players other than four. The following is a selection within each sub-group. <span class="anchor" id="Auction_Whist"></span><span class="anchor" id="Auction_whist"></span><span class="anchor" id="auction_whist"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Auction_whist_group">Auction whist group</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Auction whist group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The auction whist group is a family of games with the characteristics of whist – an auction for the right to choose trumps won by the highest contract or largest number of tricks – and fixed partnerships.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bid_whist" title="Bid whist">Bid whist</a> – a partnership game with bidding, popular among African Americans in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dutch whist, similar to diminishing contract whist, where up to seven players compete to win the most points by betting at the start of each round how many tricks they will win. In Dutch whist, players start with one card in round one and go up to seven cards, then play a mid section of rounds with No Trumps (5 points per tick won), Misery (lose 5 points per trick 'won'), Blind (betting on number of tricks before cards are seen). Following the mid-section, seven further rounds are played, starting with seven cards and reducing to one. Trumps each round are pre-designated, following the pattern hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades. Scoring is based on 10 points for a correct bet, 1 point for every trick won (whether wanted or not).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParlett200824_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParlett200824-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint#Development" title="Vint">Siberian vint</a> – a predecessor and more primitive form of <a href="/wiki/Vint" title="Vint">vint</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint#Skruuvi" title="Vint">Skruuvi</a> – a Finnish variant of vint, which became common in Finland while it was a part of Russia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spades_(card_game)" title="Spades (card game)">Spades</a> – a contract-type game similar to bid whist; the game's name comes from the fact that spades is always the trump suit.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarneeb" title="Tarneeb">Tarneeb</a> (played in the Arab world, a game in which the person who wins the bid picks the trump).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint" title="Vint">Vint</a> is a Russian card-game also known as Russian whist, with an ascending auction similar to bridge and more complex scoring than whist.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boston_group">Boston group</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Boston group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Belgian whist or colour whist (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist_%C3%A0_la_couleur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whist à la couleur (page does not exist)">whist à la couleur</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/whist_%C3%A0_la_couleur" class="extiw" title="fr:whist à la couleur">fr</a>]</span></i></span> or <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleurwiezen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kleurwiezen (page does not exist)">kleurwiezen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/wiezen" class="extiw" title="nl:wiezen">nl</a>]</span></i></span>) – a Belgian game similar to <a href="/wiki/Solo_whist" title="Solo whist">solo whist</a>, but more elaborate).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParlett200849_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParlett200849-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_whist" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston whist">Boston</a> – played in 19th-century Europe, played by Count Rostov in <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/War_and_Peace" title="War and Peace">War and Peace</a></i>.</li> <li>Diminishing contract whist – British variant, combining elements of <a href="/wiki/Solo_whist" title="Solo whist">solo whist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bid_whist" title="Bid whist">bid whist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Knock-out_whist" title="Knock-out whist">knock-out whist</a>, players compete individually, not in pairs, and after each hand has been dealt must name the number of tricks to take, scoring one point per trick and a bonus 10 for matching their contract. All 52 cards are dealt for the first hand, 48 for the second, 44 the next and so until a 13th round with just one trick. Trumps are pre-defined for each hand in sequence as: hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades, no trumps, lose all with no trumps – where players lose 10 points per trick taken and some players invariably end up in negative points – hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades, hearts, clubs, diamonds. The total number of tricks bid each round cannot match the number of tricks available, so the dealer each hand must bid with this constraint in mind – sometimes this constraint is waived for the final round if players agree in advance. The winner is the player who has accumulated the most points at the end of the final round.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_whist" title="Solo whist">Solo whist</a> – played in Britain; a game where individuals can bid to win five, nine or thirteen tricks or to lose every trick.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classic_whist_group">Classic whist group</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Classic whist group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_sar" class="mw-redirect" title="Double sar">Double sar</a> (also played in south Asia), a variation of court piece in which tricks are only captured when the same player wins two tricks in succession. The player then captures all the unclaimed tricks up to that point.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokm" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokm">Hokm</a>, also known as <a href="/wiki/Court_piece" title="Court piece">court piece</a> or rang, and alike <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/Troefcall" title="Troefcall">troefcall</a></i></span> (an originally Persian game).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_whist" title="Minnesota whist">Minnesota whist</a> – in which there are no trumps, and hands can be played to win tricks or to lose tricks; see also the very similar game of Norwegian whist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrette" title="Quadrette">Quadrette</a> – French variant with a <a href="/wiki/Shortened_pack" class="mw-redirect" title="Shortened pack">shortened pack</a> in which partners communicate about their cards, and one directs the play of the other. Good for teaching learners and children.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_whist" title="Swedish whist">Swedish whist</a> – four-hand Swedish game with two contracts: red (positive) and black (negative).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exact_bidding_group">Exact bidding group</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Exact bidding group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blob_(card_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blob (card game)">Blob</a> – British variant of <a href="/wiki/Oh_hell" title="Oh hell">oh hell</a> in which players try to predict the exact number of tricks they will take and will be 'blobbed in' if wrong. Can be played with four or five players. Six cards each, total number of tricks bid for in each hand cannot add up to six. Person to left of dealer nominates trumps or no trumps and then becomes dealer for next hand.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oh_hell" title="Oh hell">Oh hell</a>, oh pshaw, or nomination whist – game for three to seven players in which the number of cards dealt is usually increased or decreased by one in each successive deal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_whist" title="Israeli whist">Israeli whist</a> – game related to <a href="/wiki/Oh_hell" title="Oh hell">oh hell</a>, in which one tries to bid the exact number of tricks one will take.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_whist" title="Romanian whist">Romanian whist</a> – game in which players try to predict the exact number of tricks they will take; similar to oh hell.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whists_for_other_numbers_of_players">Whists for other numbers of players</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Whists for other numbers of players"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dummy_whist" title="Dummy whist">Dummy whist</a> – a three-player variant of bid whist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParlett200838_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParlett200838-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_whist" title="German whist">German whist</a> – British two-player adaptation of whist without bidding.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParlett200838_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParlett200838-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knock-out_whist" title="Knock-out whist">Knock-out whist</a>, trumps (UK) or diminishing whist – game in which a player who wins no tricks is eliminated.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-handed_whist" title="Three-handed whist">Three-handed whist</a> – Also called widow whist, a three-player variant in which a <a href="/wiki/Dummy_hand" title="Dummy hand">dummy hand</a> is dealt, which players have the option to exchange for their own hand.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_games_called_'whist'"><span id="Other_games_called_.27whist.27"></span>Other games called 'whist'</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other games called 'whist'"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catch_the_ten" title="Catch the ten">Catch the ten</a> (also known as Scotch whist) – two to eight players, 36 cards related to the <a href="/wiki/Ace%E2%80%93ten_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Ace–ten family">ace–ten family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParlett2008247_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParlett2008247-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_whist" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish whist">Danish whist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Call-ace_whist" class="mw-redirect" title="Call-ace whist">call-ace whist</a>. Combines several whist variants, including <a href="/wiki/Solo_Whist" class="mw-redirect" title="Solo Whist">Solo Whist</a> and the game <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Esmakker</i></span> ("ace partner") in which the bidder chooses his partner by calling an ace, who becomes a blind partner, and only revealed by playing the partner ace. Is also often played with 2 or 3 jokers as automatic suit-breaking trump cards. McLeod records two types: one with fixed partnerships and one in which the partner is called by an Ace.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ladder whist – A student game that is effectively the opposite of knock-out whist. Players start as 'dogs' with just one card each and win the game by achieving a hand of 7 cards.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Progressive whist or compass whist – a competition format in which two players from each table move to the next table after a fixed number of games which are played to a fixed format, e.g. with the designated trump suit changing each time.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Whist_drive"><span class="anchor" id="whist_drive"></span> Whist drive</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Whist drive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A whist drive is a social event at which progressive games of whist are played across a number of tables which are numbered or ordered into a sequence. </p><p>In it, the winning (or sometimes losing, dependent on the local custom) pair of a hand "progress" around the room, i.e. one person moves up the table sequence and one person moves down. On arriving at the new table, the next hand is played. </p><p>By convention the pair who sits has shuffled and deals after the arriving pair has cut the pack. </p><p>A progressive whist drive is normally 24 hands, with each hand being a different trump. Trumps normally follow the sequence: hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades. </p><p>Sometimes a break for refreshments is taken after 12 hands.<sup id="cite_ref-drive_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drive-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_references">Literary references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Literary references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-In_popular_culture plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_information" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">irrelevant</a> references to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections#"In_popular_culture"_and_"Cultural_references"_material" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">popular culture</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help Wikipedia to <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit">improve this section</a> by removing the content or adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">independent sources</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Three of Arthur Conan Doyle's <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock Holmes</a> detective stories feature whist. In "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Empty_House" title="The Adventure of the Empty House">The Adventure of the Empty House</a>", Ronald Adair plays whist at one of his clubs shortly before he is murdered. In "<a href="/wiki/The_Devil%27s_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="The Devil's Foot">The Adventure of the Devil's Foot</a>", Brenda Tregennis plays whist with her brothers George, Mortimer and Owen shortly before she is murdered. In "<a href="/wiki/The_Red-Headed_League" title="The Red-Headed League">The Red-Headed League</a>", the banker Mr. Merryweather complains that he is missing his regular rubber of whist in order to help Holmes catch a bank robber.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Barbey_d%27Aurevilly" class="mw-redirect" title="Jules Amédée Barbey d'Aurevilly">Barbey d'Aurevilly</a>, in a story from <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Les_Diaboliques_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Diaboliques (book)">Les diaboliques</a></i></span>, "The Underside of the Cards of a Game of Whist", traces the secret affair between a lady and an expert whist player, leading to an horrific act.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a> briefly mentioned whist in his tale "<a href="/wiki/The_Murders_in_the_Rue_Morgue" title="The Murders in the Rue Morgue">The Murders in the Rue Morgue</a>", alluding to the analytical mind needed to play:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Whist has long been noted for its influence upon what is termed the calculating power; and men of the highest order of intellect have been known to take an apparently unaccountable delight in it, ...</p></blockquote></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a> uses whist playing to describe <a href="/wiki/Phileas_Fogg" title="Phileas Fogg">Phileas Fogg</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_Eighty_Days_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Around the World in Eighty Days (novel)">Around the World in Eighty Days</a></i>:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>His only pastime was reading the papers and playing whist. He frequently won at this quiet game, so very appropriate to his nature; ...</p></blockquote></li> <li>Whist figures prominently in much of Balzac's Comedie Humane, including his great novel, Modeste Mignon.</li> <li>Whist figures extensively in <a href="/wiki/C._S._Forester" title="C. S. Forester">C. S. Forester</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Hornblower" title="Horatio Hornblower">Horatio Hornblower</a> series. Hornblower is featured as living off his winnings from playing whist while a half-pay <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">lieutenant</a>, and famously playing whist with subordinate officers before a battle.</li> <li>The same is true in the <a href="/wiki/Richard_Sharpe_(fictional_character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Sharpe (fictional character)">Richard Sharpe</a> series by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cornwell" title="Bernard Cornwell">Bernard Cornwell</a> and was used mainly to portray gambling much the same way poker is today.</li> <li>Whist is often enjoyed by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Aubrey" title="Jack Aubrey">Jack Aubrey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Maturin" title="Stephen Maturin">Stephen Maturin</a> while at sea in the <a href="/wiki/Aubrey%E2%80%93Maturin_series" title="Aubrey–Maturin series">Aubrey–Maturin series</a> of novels by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Brian" title="Patrick O'Brian">Patrick O'Brian</a>.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Scarlett_(Ripley_novel)" title="Scarlett (Ripley novel)">Scarlett</a></i>, the sequel to <i><a href="/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_(novel)" title="Gone with the Wind (novel)">Gone with the Wind</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Ripley" title="Alexandra Ripley">Alexandra Ripley</a> mentions several times that <a href="/wiki/Scarlett_O%27Hara" title="Scarlett O'Hara">Scarlett O'Hara</a> is an extremely skillful whist player.</li> <li>Miss Elizabeth Bennett and Mr. Wickham discuss Mr. Darcy during a whist party in chapter 16 of <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice" title="Pride and Prejudice">Pride and Prejudice</a></i>. The game is also mentioned in her books <i><a href="/wiki/Mansfield_Park" title="Mansfield Park">Mansfield Park</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Emma_(novel)" title="Emma (novel)">Emma</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Sense_and_Sensibility" title="Sense and Sensibility">Sense and Sensibility</a></i>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Gogol" title="Nikolai Gogol">Nikolai Gogol</a>'s play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Government_Inspector" title="The Government Inspector">The Inspector General</a></i>, a character Hlestakov lies about playing whist with a group of influential ambassadors to look important. It is also prominent in Gogol's poema, "<a href="/wiki/Dead_Souls" title="Dead Souls">Dead Souls</a>", and mentioned in Gogol's short stories "<a href="/wiki/The_Overcoat" title="The Overcoat">The Overcoat</a>", "<a href="/wiki/The_Carriage" title="The Carriage">The Carriage</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/The_Nose_(Gogol_short_story)" title="The Nose (Gogol short story)">The Nose</a>".</li> <li>In the opening chapter of <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>'s novella <i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Ivan_Ilyich" title="The Death of Ivan Ilyich">The Death of Ivan Ilyich</a></i>, the characters contrast the solemnity of the funeral ceremony with the desire to escape and play whist.</li> <li>Whist is played by many characters in <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev">Ivan Turgenev</a>’s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Fathers_and_Sons_(novel)" title="Fathers and Sons (novel)">Fathers and Sons</a></i>.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Middlemarch" title="Middlemarch">Middlemarch</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/George_Eliot" title="George Eliot">George Eliot</a>, the game is referenced numerous times as an aristocratic pursuit played frequently at the Vincy residence. In particular, the clergyman Mr. Farebrother supplements his income by playing for money, a pursuit looked down upon by many of his parishioners.</li> <li>In his autobiography, <i>Groucho and Me</i>, <a href="/wiki/Groucho_Marx" title="Groucho Marx">Groucho Marx</a> talks about playing whist with an ex-girlfriend during a chapter on her husband's insomnia.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fiery_Cross_(novel)" title="The Fiery Cross (novel)">The Fiery Cross</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Diana_Gabaldon" title="Diana Gabaldon">Diana Gabaldon</a> describes a high-stakes whist game between Jamie Fraser, "who was indeed an excellent card player. He also knew most of the possible ways of cheating at cards. However, whist was difficult, if not impossible to cheat at", and Phylip Wylie, who had angered Fraser by making advances to his wife.</li> <li>In <i>Life of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schurz" title="Carl Schurz">Carl Schurz</a> notes that "his fondness for card-playing, which, although in his early years he had given up games of chance, still led him to squander but too much time upon whist."</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Starman_(Jack_Knight)" title="Starman (Jack Knight)">Starman</a></i> series it is revealed that <a href="/wiki/The_Shade" class="mw-redirect" title="The Shade">The Shade</a> is a whist player, and enjoyed playing with <a href="/wiki/Scalphunter_(DC_Comics)" title="Scalphunter (DC Comics)">Brian Savage</a> (it was also noted that The Shade would regularly win at whist, while Savage would regularly win at poker).</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Leopard" title="The Leopard">The Leopard</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Tomasi_di_Lampedusa" title="Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa">Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa</a>, members of the Falconeri family and the priest play the game, much to the joy of a Piedmontese guest, reassured of their civilized ways.</li> <li>In his autobiography, <i>Harold Bauer: His Book</i>, pianist <a href="/wiki/Harold_Bauer" title="Harold Bauer">Harold Bauer</a> laments his inability to play well under pressure. "I suffered similarly whenever I played chess or whist, which excited me so terribly that I always had nightmares from the thought of how I <i>might</i> have played."</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Agent" title="The Secret Agent">The Secret Agent</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Conrad" title="Joseph Conrad">Joseph Conrad</a> mentions the game:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>At the sound of that name, falling unexpectedly into this annoying affair, the Assistant Commissioner dismissed brusquely the vague remembrance of his daily whist party at his club. It was the most comforting habit of his life, in a mainly successful display of his skill without the assistance of any subordinate. He entered his club to play from five to seven, before going home to dinner, forgetting for those two hours whatever was distasteful in his life, as though the game were a beneficent drug for allaying the pangs of moral discontent.</p></blockquote></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Mary_Boykin_Chesnut" title="Mary Boykin Chesnut">Mary Boykin Chesnut</a>'s <i>Civil War Diary</i>, whist was the most frequently played card game in her social circle while she lived in Richmond, Virginia.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Colson_Whitehead" title="Colson Whitehead">Colson Whitehead</a>'s <i>The Underground Railroad</i>, the game is mentioned as a way Ajarry was sold to another slaveowner.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/R._L._Stine" title="R. L. Stine">R. L. Stine</a>'s <i>Ghost Beach</i> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Goosebumps" title="Goosebumps">Goosebumps</a></i> book series, the game is played by the protagonists.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pickwick_Papers" title="The Pickwick Papers">The Pickwick Papers</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pickwick" title="Samuel Pickwick">Mr. Pickwick</a> plays whist:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The rubber was conducted with all that gravity of deportment and sedateness of demeanour which befit the pursuit entitled "whist"—a solemn observance, to which, as it appears to us, the title of "game" has been very irreverently and ignominiously applied</p></blockquote></li> <li>In Dickens' <i><a href="/wiki/David_Copperfield" title="David Copperfield">David Copperfield</a></i>, whist is mentioned three times: in Chapter 18 ("A Retrospect") as the pastime of Mr. Chestle, the future husband of Miss Larkins; in Chapter 37 ("A Little Cold Water"), Mr. Mills is said to frequent a whist club; and in Chapter 41 ("Dora's Aunts"), as the game played by Mr. Pidger (more precisely in the form of short whist).</li> <li>In Dickens' <i><a href="/wiki/Great_Expectations" title="Great Expectations">Great Expectations</a></i>, Pip plays whist at <a href="/wiki/Miss_Havisham" title="Miss Havisham">Miss Havisham</a>'s house.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_Lost_Time" title="In Search of Lost Time">In Search of Lost Time</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Marcel Proust</a> describes a game of whist played by a group of dinner guests, one of whom is ridiculed for not knowing the rules.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Doll_(Prus_novel)" title="The Doll (Prus novel)">The Doll</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_Prus" title="Bolesław Prus">Bolesław Prus</a>, whist is mentioned in several scenes; Stanisław Wokulski and Tomasz Łęcki play for money.</li> <li>August Wilson's <i>Seven Guitars</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag needs further explanation. (August 2024)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_media">In media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: In media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In <i><a href="/wiki/All_American_Chump" title="All American Chump">All American Chump</a></i> (1936) math whiz Elmer (<a href="/wiki/Stuart_Erwin" title="Stuart Erwin">Stuart Erwin</a>) mentions he plays whist, and is so good that nobody in his hometown will play with him because he always wins.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days_(1956_film)" title="Around the World in 80 Days (1956 film)">Around the World in 80 Days</a></i> (1956) <a href="/wiki/Phileas_Fogg" title="Phileas Fogg">Phileas Fogg</a> (<a href="/wiki/David_Niven" title="David Niven">David Niven</a>) mentions and is seen playing whist several times throughout the film.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Victoria" title="The Young Victoria">The Young Victoria</a></i>, when <a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Lord Melbourne</a> tries to provide advice to <a href="/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, Prince Consort">Prince Albert</a>, the Prince tells him, "Lord Melbourne, forgive me but you seem to have confused me with a member of your club. I am not your drinking companion nor your whist partner. I am the husband of your sovereign. And as such, I will make my own decisions, and I neither seek nor invite your advice. Good evening."</li> <li>In 2018's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Favourite" title="The Favourite">The Favourite</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Abigail_Masham,_Baroness_Masham" title="Abigail Masham, Baroness Masham">Abigail Hill</a> is mentioned to have become impoverished after her father lost their fortune at whist, along with various other references throughout.</li> <li>In series 5 of the television show <i><a href="/wiki/Peaky_Blinders_(TV_series)" title="Peaky Blinders (TV series)">Peaky Blinders</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Shelby" title="Tommy Shelby">Tommy Shelby</a> recalls a story of his time in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> during <a href="/wiki/The_Great_War" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great War">the Great War</a> while threatening a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> who refuses to pay him in full for a hired killing. "I spent a long time waiting for the cavalry, me. One time, me and my comrades waited three days. When the cavalry finally came, an officer on the back of a fine white horse joked that he'd been delayed playing a game of whist. So, I took out my Webley revolver and I shot him in the head, stole his horse, reported him for cowardice. All for a game of chance."</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euchre" title="Euchre">Euchre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_(card_game)" title="Napoleon (card game)">Napoleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skat_(card_game)" title="Skat (card game)">Skat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_whist" title="Solo whist">Solo whist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarneeb" title="Tarneeb">Tarneeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint" title="Vint">Vint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42_(dominoes)" title="42 (dominoes)">42</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Waddingtons Family Card Games, Robert Harbin, Pan Books Ltd, London, 1972</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCourtney,_William_Prideaux1894" class="citation book cs1">Courtney, William Prideaux (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/englishwhistand00courgoog"><i>English Whist and English Whist players</i></a>. London: Richard Bentley & Son.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Whist+and+English+Whist+players&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Richard+Bentley+%26+Son&rft.date=1894&rft.au=Courtney%2C+William+Prideaux&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishwhistand00courgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Pan Book of Card Games, Hubert Phillips, Pan Books Ltd, London, 1960</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oxford Dictionary of Card Games, p. 340, David Parlett <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-869173-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-869173-4">0-19-869173-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPole1895" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Pole" title="William Pole">Pole, William</a> (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924031248556"><i>The Evolution of Whist</i></a>. Longmans, Green, and Co. (New York, London), 269 pages.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+Whist&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green%2C+and+Co.+%28New+York%2C+London%29%2C+269+pages&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Pole&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924031248556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/wistful">"Wistful - Define Wistful at Dictionary.com"</a>. <i>Dictionary.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary.com&rft.atitle=Wistful+-+Define+Wistful+at+Dictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fwistful&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Whist"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Whist">"Whist" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Whist&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"History of Whist" in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoya2021" class="citation book cs1">Roya, Will (2021). <i>Card Night: Classic Games, Classic Decks, and the History Behind Them</i>. Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780762473519" title="Special:BookSources/9780762473519"><bdi>9780762473519</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Card+Night%3A+Classic+Games%2C+Classic+Decks%2C+and+the+History+Behind+Them&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Black+Dog+%26+Leventhal+Publishers&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9780762473519&rft.aulast=Roya&rft.aufirst=Will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-drive-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-drive_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drive_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/whist-drive">Cambridge Dictionaries Online</a> Whist drive</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENotes_and_Queries[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidMQmVh6TnKEACpgPA26_26]-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENotes_and_Queries[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidMQmVh6TnKEACpgPA26_26]_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNotes_and_Queries">Notes and Queries</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MQmVh6TnKEAC&pg=PA26">26</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thewhistmarkersmuseum.com/index.php?p=1_26_Hoyle-s-scoring-method">"Hoyle's scoring method"</a>. The Whist Markers Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hoyle%27s+scoring+method&rft.pub=The+Whist+Markers+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thewhistmarkersmuseum.com%2Findex.php%3Fp%3D1_26_Hoyle-s-scoring-method&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhist" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Notes and queries, p. 328 – Bell & Daldy 1863</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official Rules of Card Games, United States Playing Card Company, 59th ed., 1973</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pagat.com/auctionwhist/">"Auction Whist Group"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pagat.com" title="Pagat.com">pagat.com</a></i>. Retrieved 21 August 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pagat.com/auctionwhist/bidwhist.html">"Bid Whist"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pagat.com" title="Pagat.com">pagat.com</a></i>. Retrieved 13 February 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParlett200824-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParlett200824_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParlett2008">Parlett 2008</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParlett200849-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParlett200849_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParlett2008">Parlett 2008</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pagat.com/whist/rang.html#double">"Court Piece/Rang"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pagat.com" title="Pagat.com">pagat.com</a></i>. Retrieved 13 February 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parlett (2008), pp. 87–88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parlett (2008), pp. 86–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParlett200838-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParlett200838_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParlett200838_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParlett2008">Parlett 2008</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParlett2008247-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParlett2008247_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParlett2008">Parlett 2008</a>, p. 247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pagat.com/whist/whist.html">"Whist"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pagat.com" title="Pagat.com">pagat.com</a></i>. Retrieved 30 April 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gambiter.com/whist/Ladder_whist.html">"Ladder Whist"</a>. <i>gambiter.com</i>. Retrieved 30 April 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wopc.co.uk/cards/progressive-whist">"Progressive Whist Cards"</a>. <i>wopc.co.uk</i>. Retrieved 30 April 2022.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParlett2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Parlett" title="David Parlett">Parlett, David</a> (2008). <i>The Penguin book of card games</i>. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-141-03787-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-141-03787-5"><bdi>978-0-141-03787-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Penguin+book+of+card+games&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-141-03787-5&rft.aulast=Parlett&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhist" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNotes_and_Queries" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MQmVh6TnKEAC"><i>Notes and Queries</i></a>. Oxford University Press. 1872.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notes+and+Queries&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1872&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMQmVh6TnKEAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhist" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whist&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/whist" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/whist">whist</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Whist" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Whist">Whist</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Whist" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Whist">Whist</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pagat.com/whist/whist.html">Rules of Card Games: Whist</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thewhistmarkersmuseum.com">Whist Counters, Whist Markers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=whist">Whist on the Internet Archive (includes a number of 19th century manuals)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shorttreatiseong00hoyliala"><i>A short treatise on the game of whist</i> by Edmond Hoyle (1743)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whistshortwhist00matt_0"><i>Whist, and Short whist</i> by Matthews, T[homas</a>]</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/51039"><i>The Laws and Principles of Whist</i> by Cavendish (1889)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Trick-taking_card_games_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trick-taking_card_games" title="Template:Trick-taking card games"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trick-taking_card_games" title="Template talk:Trick-taking card games"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trick-taking_card_games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trick-taking card games"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Trick-taking_card_games_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Trick-taking_game" title="Trick-taking game">Trick-taking card games</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_trick-taking_games" title="List of trick-taking games">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French-suited_playing_cards" title="French-suited playing cards">French packs</a><br /><small>52 cards<br />(except where stated)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3-2-5" class="mw-redirect" title="3-2-5">3-2-5</a> (30)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-5-8" class="mw-redirect" title="3-5-8">3-5-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/400_(card_game)" title="400 (card game)">400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/500_(card_game)" title="500 (card game)">500</a> (43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1000_(card_game)" title="1000 (card game)">1000</a> (24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1001_(card_game)" title="1001 (card game)">1001</a> (24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_fours_(card_game)" title="All fours (card game)">All fours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auction_bridge" title="Auction bridge">Auction bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbu_(card_game)" title="Barbu (card game)">Barbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%9Bka" title="Baśka">Baśka</a> (16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bid_whist" title="Bid whist">Bid whist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisca_(card_game)" title="Bisca (card game)">Bisca</a> (40)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_lady" class="mw-redirect" title="Black lady">Black lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Maria_(card_game)" title="Black Maria (card game)">Black Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluke" title="Bluke">Bluke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonken" title="Bonken">Bonken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_(card_game)" title="Boston (card game)">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourr%C3%A9" title="Bourré">Bourré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call-ace_whist" class="mw-redirect" title="Call-ace whist">Call-ace whist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinch_(card_game)" title="Cinch (card game)">Cinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clabber" title="Clabber">Clabber</a> (24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clag_(card_game)" title="Clag (card game)">Clag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlust" title="Chlust">Chlust</a> (20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_piece" title="Court piece">Court piece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucumber_(card_game)" title="Cucumber (card game)">Cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femkort" title="Femkort">Femkort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty-fives" title="Forty-fives">Forty-fives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_whist" title="French whist">French whist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_whist" title="German whist">German whist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong_Zhu" title="Gong Zhu">Gong Zhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearts_(card_game)" title="Hearts (card game)">Hearts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hucklebuck" title="Hucklebuck">Hucklebuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachufool" title="Kachufool">Kachufool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_(card_game)" title="King (card game)">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knock-out_whist" title="Knock-out whist">Knock-out whist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konter_a_Matt" title="Konter a Matt">Konter a Matt</a> (24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kop_(card_game)" title="Kop (card game)">Kop</a> (16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6pknack" title="Köpknack">Köpknack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kn%C3%BCffeln" title="Knüffeln">Knüffeln</a> (48)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanterloo" title="Lanterloo">Lanterloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizerka_(card_game)" title="Mizerka (card game)">Mizerka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_(card_game)" title="Napoleon (card game)">Napoleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninety-nine_(trick-taking_card_game)" title="Ninety-nine (trick-taking card game)">Ninety-nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norseman%27s_knock" title="Norseman's knock">Norseman's knock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oh_hell" title="Oh hell">Oh hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_(card_game)" title="Pedro (card game)">Pedro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinochle" title="Pinochle">Pinochle</a> (2x24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(card_game)" title="Pitch (card game)">Pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phat_(card_game)" title="Phat (card game)">Phat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polskpas" title="Polskpas">Polskpas</a> (24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priffe" title="Priffe">Priffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Put_(card_game)" title="Put (card game)">Put</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ristikontra" title="Ristikontra">Ristikontra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6dsk%C3%A4gg" title="Rödskägg">Rödskägg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelem" title="Shelem">Shelem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheng_ji" title="Sheng ji">Sheng ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixty-three_(card_game)" title="Sixty-three (card game)">Sixty-three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sjavs" title="Sjavs">Sjavs</a> (Danish) (20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A6rvindsel" title="Skærvindsel">Skærvindsel</a> (28)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smear_(card_game)" title="Smear (card game)">Smear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spades_(card_game)" title="Spades (card game)">Spades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maw_(card_game)" title="Maw (card game)">Spoil Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%BDrivolt" title="Stýrivolt">Stýrivolt</a> (48)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sueca_(card_game)" title="Sueca (card game)">Sueca</a> (40)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarneeb" title="Tarneeb">Tarneeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunee" title="Thunee">Thunee</a> (24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish King">Turkish King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-five_(card_game)" title="Twenty-five (card game)">Twenty-five (Spoil Five)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-ten-jack" title="Two-ten-jack">Two-ten-jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vira_(card_game)" title="Vira (card game)">Vira</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Whist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwikken" title="Zwikken">Zwikken</a> (20)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French-suited_playing_cards" title="French-suited playing cards">French packs</a><br /><small>36 cards</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agram_(card_game)" title="Agram (card game)">Agram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%AAte" title="Bête">Bête</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A4us" title="Bräus">Bräus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brus_(card_game)" title="Brus (card game)">Brus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BAs" title="Brús">Brús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruus" title="Bruus">Bruus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bura_(card_game)" title="Bura (card game)">Bura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_the_ten" title="Catch the ten">Catch the ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapp_(card_game)" title="Tapp (card game)">Dapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog_(American_card_game)" title="Frog (American card game)">Frog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindersche" title="Hindersche">Hindersche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knack_(card_game)" title="Knack (card game)">Knack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjapussi" title="Marjapussi">Marjapussi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutersju" title="Rutersju">Rutersju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scharwenzel" title="Scharwenzel">Scharwenzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-bid_solo" title="Six-bid solo">Six-bid solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sv%C3%A4ngknack" title="Svängknack">Svängknack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapp_(card_game)" title="Tapp (card game)">Tapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarabish" title="Tarabish">Tarabish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trekort" title="Trekort">Trekort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viersche" title="Viersche">Viersche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voormsi" title="Voormsi">Voormsi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French-suited_playing_cards" title="French-suited playing cards">French packs</a><br /><small>32 cards</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/304_(card_game)" title="304 (card game)">304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloot" title="Baloot">Baloot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassadewitz" title="Bassadewitz">Bassadewitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauerchen" title="Bauerchen">Bauerchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauernheinrich" title="Bauernheinrich">Bauernheinrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belote" title="Belote">Belote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezique" title="Bezique">Bezique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bierlachs" title="Bierlachs">Bierlachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandeln" title="Brandeln">Brandeln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruus" title="Bruus">Bruus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chouine" title="Chouine">Chouine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinche" title="Coinche">Coinche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cart%C3%A9" title="Écarté">Écarté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfl%C3%A9" title="Enflé">Enflé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euchre" title="Euchre">Euchre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fipsen" title="Fipsen">Fipsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwanzig_ab" title="Zwanzig ab">Fünf dazu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzblatt" title="Herzblatt">Herzblatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser_(card_game)" title="Kaiser (card game)">Kaiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaberjass" title="Klaberjass">Klaberjass/Bela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klammern" title="Klammern">Klammern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaverjas" title="Klaverjas">Klaverjas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letzter" title="Letzter">Letzter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letzter_Stich" title="Letzter Stich">Letzter Stich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manille" title="Manille">Manille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjolet" title="Marjolet">Marjolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistigri_(card_game)" title="Mistigri (card game)">Mistigri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officers%27_Skat" title="Officers' Skat">Officers' Skat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oma_Skat" title="Oma Skat">Oma Skat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilotta" title="Pilotta">Pilotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piquet" title="Piquet">Piquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polignac_(card_game)" title="Polignac (card game)">Polignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preferans" title="Preferans">Preferans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence" title="Préférence">Préférence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rams_(card_game)" title="Rams (card game)">Rams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwimmen" title="Schwimmen">Schwimmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheepshead_(card_game)" title="Sheepshead (card game)">Sheepshead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebenschr%C3%A4m" title="Siebenschräm">Siebenschräm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sjavs" title="Sjavs">Sjavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skat_(card_game)" title="Skat (card game)">Skat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slobberhannes" title="Slobberhannes">Slobberhannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_66" title="Solo 66">Solo 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausendundeins" class="mw-redirect" title="Tausendundeins">Tausendundeins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tippen" title="Tippen">Tippen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toepen" title="Toepen">Toepen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebenschr%C3%A4m" title="Siebenschräm">Tuppen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-eight_(card_game)" title="Twenty-eight (card game)">Twenty-eight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwanzig_ab" title="Zwanzig ab">Zwanzig ab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwicken" title="Zwicken">Zwicken</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German-suited_playing_cards" title="German-suited playing cards">German packs</a> <small>36 cards</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauerntarock" title="Bauerntarock">Bauerntarock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Tarock" title="Bavarian Tarock">Bavarian Tarock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bieten" title="Bieten">Bieten</a> (33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruus" title="Bruus">Brusbart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobbm" title="Dobbm">Dobbm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Tarock" title="Bavarian Tarock">Haferltarock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggln" title="Jaggln">Jaggln</a> (33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kratzen" title="Kratzen">Kratzen</a> (33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulatschak" title="Mulatschak">Mulatschak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perlaggen" title="Perlaggen">Perlaggen</a> (33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnalzen" title="Schnalzen">Schnalzen</a> (33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapp_(card_game)" title="Tapp (card game)">Württemberg Tarock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German-suited_playing_cards" title="German-suited playing cards">German packs</a><br /><small>32 cards<br />(except where stated)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauernfangen" title="Bauernfangen">Bauernfangen</a> (20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauernschnapsen" title="Bauernschnapsen">Bauernschnapsen</a> (20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bierkopf" title="Bierkopf">Bierkopf</a> (20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binokel" title="Binokel">Binokel</a> (2x24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blattla" title="Blattla">Blattla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Schneider" title="Bohemian Schneider">Bohemian Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Watten" title="Bohemian Watten">Bohemian Watten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolachen" title="Bolachen">Bolachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppelkopf" title="Doppelkopf">Doppelkopf</a> (2x24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreeg" title="Dreeg">Dreeg</a> (24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreierschnapsen" title="Dreierschnapsen">Dreierschnapsen</a> (20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfern" title="Elfern">Elfern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaigel" title="Gaigel">Gaigel</a> (2x24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Schafkopf" title="German Schafkopf">German Schafkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Solo" title="German Solo">German Solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilten_(card_game)" title="Gilten (card game)">Gilten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasobern" title="Grasobern">Grasobern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzeln" title="Herzeln">Herzeln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzla" title="Herzla">Herzla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kein_Stich" title="Kein Stich">Kein Stich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampeln" title="Lampeln">Lampeln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorum_(card_game)" title="Lorum (card game)">Lorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupfen_(card_game)" title="Lupfen (card game)">Lupfen</a> (20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusti-Kartl%27n" title="Lusti-Kartl'n">Lusti-Kartl'n</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari%C3%A1%C5%A1" title="Mariáš">Mariáš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzlfangen" title="Matzlfangen">Matzlfangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauscheln" title="Mauscheln">Mauscheln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucken" title="Mucken">Mucken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officers%27_Schafkopf" title="Officers' Schafkopf">Officers' Schafkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quodlibet_(card_game)" title="Quodlibet (card game)">Quodlibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsch" title="Ramsch">Ramsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramscheln" title="Ramscheln">Ramscheln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsen_(card_game)" title="Ramsen (card game)">Ramsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosbiratschka" title="Rosbiratschka">Rosbiratschka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumpel" title="Rumpel">Rumpel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Schnapsen" title="Russian Schnapsen">Russian Schnapsen</a> (24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schafkopf" title="Schafkopf">Schafkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnapsen" title="Schnapsen">Schnapsen</a> (20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedma" title="Sedma">Sedma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedmice" title="Sedmice">Sedmice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixty-six_(card_game)" title="Sixty-six (card game)">Sixty-six</a> (24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticheln" title="Sticheln">Sticheln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trischettn" title="Trischettn">Trischettn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallachen" title="Wallachen">Wallachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watten_(card_game)" title="Watten (card game)">Watten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendish_Schafkopf" title="Wendish Schafkopf">Wendish Schafkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulti" title="Ulti">Ulti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unteransetzen" title="Unteransetzen">Unteransetzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zehnerlegen" title="Zehnerlegen">Zehnerlegen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italian-suited_playing_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian-suited playing cards">Italian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Spanish</a> packs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluette" title="Aluette">Aluette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bestia_(game)" title="Bestia (game)">Bestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botifarra_(card_game)" title="Botifarra (card game)">Botifarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisca" title="Brisca">Brisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briscola" title="Briscola">Briscola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calabresella" title="Calabresella">Calabresella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil%C3%A9" title="Gilé">Gilé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julepe" title="Julepe">Julepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tressette" title="Tressette">Tressette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truc" title="Truc">Truc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truc_y_Flou" title="Truc y Flou">Truc y Flou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truco" title="Truco">Truco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tute" title="Tute">Tute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swiss-suited_playing_cards" title="Swiss-suited playing cards">Swiss German packs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jass" title="Jass">Jass</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chratze" title="Chratze">Chratze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schieberjass" class="mw-redirect" title="Schieberjass">Schieberjass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindersi-Jass" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindersi-Jass">Hindersi-Jass</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserspiel" title="Kaiserspiel">Kaiserspiel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Trick-taking_card_games" title="Category:Trick-taking card games">Category</a> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_card_games" title="Template:Historical card games">Historical card games</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Non_trick-taking_card_games" title="Template:Non trick-taking card games">Non trick-taking card games</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Tarot_and_Tarock_card_games" title="Template:Tarot and Tarock card games">Tarot and Tarock card games</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> 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