A Cosmic Pretzel

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title="ESO Announcements"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/http://feeds.feedburner.com/ESOcast" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESOCast"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/https://recruitment.eso.org/jobs.rss" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Jobs@ESO"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/blog/feed/" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESOblog"/>  <meta property="fb:app_id" content="322213731148492"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:title" content="A Cosmic Pretzel - Twin baby stars grow amongst a twisting network of gas and dust "/><meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317im_/http://cdn.eso.org/images/screen/eso1916a.jpg"/><meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cdn.eso.org/images/screen/eso1916a.jpg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="photo"/><meta 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Observing this remarkable phenomenon sheds new light on the earliest phases of the lives of stars and helps astronomers determine the conditions in which binary stars are born."/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@ESO"/> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@ESO"/>  <script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="/mtmo/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '1']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.defer=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  </head> <body> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="L5yFnrQIAz839VubffoIBtpUbNotfxTdi96naRq4U9tA73xr3IKkZkrnK4PlzGhc"/> <div id="privacy-notice" style="display: none"> <p> By 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2021-2030 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-144" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2021/"> 2021 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2011–2020 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-146" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2020/"> 2020 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2019/"> 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2018/"> 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a 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class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2009/"> 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2008/"> 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2007/"> 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2006/"> 2006 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2005/"> 2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2004/"> 2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2003/"> 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2002/"> 2002 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2001/"> 2001 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 1991–2000 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-168" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2000/"> 2000 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1999/"> 1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1998/"> 1998 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1997/"> 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1996/"> 1996 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1995/"> 1995 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1994/"> 1994 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1993/"> 1993 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1992/"> 1992 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1991/"> 1991 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 1985–1990 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-179" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1990/"> 1990 </a></li><li class=""><a 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href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/">Telescopes & Instruments<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-245" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/"> Paranal Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-246" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/"> Very Large Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-247" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/"> VLT Instruments <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-248" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/4lgsf/"> 4LGSF </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/amber/"> AMBER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires/"> CRIRES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires+/"> CRIRES+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/espresso/"> ESPRESSO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/eris/"> ERIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/flames/"> FLAMES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/fors/"> FORS1 and FORS2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/gravity/"> GRAVITY </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/hawk-i/"> HAWK-I </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/isaac/"> ISAAC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/kmos/"> KMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/mad/"> MAD </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/matisse/"> MATISSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/midi/"> MIDI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/moons/"> MOONS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/muse/"> MUSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naco/"> NACO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naomi/"> NAOMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/pionier/"> PIONIER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sinfoni/"> SINFONI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sphere/"> SPHERE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/uves/"> UVES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/"> VIMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/visir/"> VISIR </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/x-shooter/"> X-shooter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vtl-test-cameras/"> VLT Test Cameras </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vinci/"> VINCI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/"> VLT Unit Telescopes Names <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-277" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/antu/"> Antu </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/kueyen/"> Kueyen </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/melipal/"> Melipal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/yepun/"> Yepun </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/auxiliarytelescopes/"> Auxiliary Telescopes </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/"> Survey Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-283" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/"> VISTA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-284" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/mirror/"> The VISTA mirror </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/camera/"> VIRCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/4most/"> 4MOST </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/surveys/"> The VISTA surveys </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/consortium/"> The VISTA consortium </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/"> VST <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-290" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/mirror/"> The VST mirrors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/camera/"> OmegaCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/surveys/"> The VST surveys </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/speculoos/"> SPECULOOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/ngts/"> NGTS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/cta/"> Cherenkov Telescope Array </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/"> La Silla Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-297" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/"> Swedish–ESO Submillimetre Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-298" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/simba/"> SIMBA </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/"> New Technology Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-300" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/efosc2/"> EFOSC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/emmi/"> EMMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/sofi/"> SOFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/soxs/"> SOXS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/susi2/"> SUSI and SUSI2 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/"> ESO 3.6-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-307" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/adonis/"> ADONIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/caspec/"> CASPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/harps/"> HARPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/mefos/"> MEFOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/nirps/"> NIRPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/optopus/"> OPTOPUS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/timmi2/"> TIMMI/2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-standard-photometer/"> Standard Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-specklegraph/"> Infrared Specklegraph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-speckle-interferometer/"> Infrared Speckle Interferometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/efosc/"> EFOSC </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/"> MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-321" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/feros/"> FEROS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/grond/"> GROND </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/irac2/"> IRAC & IRAC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/pisco/"> PISCO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/wfi/"> WFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/"> Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-328" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/coralie/"> CORALIE </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/rem/"> Rapid Eye Mount telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/trappist/"> TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope–South </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/"> Danish 1.54-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-332" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/coravel/"> CORAVEL </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/dfosc/"> DFOSC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/ccd/"> CCD camera </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/hb-photometer/"> Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/two-channel-photometer/"> Two-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/four-channel-photometer/"> Four-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/six-channel-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby-Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/tarot/"> Télescope à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1mschmidt/"> ESO 1-metre Schmidt telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/"> ESO 1.52-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-342" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/bandc/"> Boller and Chivens Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/coude/"> Coudé Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/echelec/"> ECHELEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/rv-cass-spectrograph/"> RV Cass Spectrograph </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/"> ESO 1-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-347" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/fideos/"> FIDEOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/infrared-photometer/"> Infrared Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/"> ESO 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-351" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/double-channel-photometer/"> Double-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/"> Coudé Auxiliary Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-354" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/ces/"> CES </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marly/"> MarLy 1-metre telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/"> Dutch 0.9-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-357" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/walraven/"> Walraven Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/t70/"> Swiss T70 telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/"> Bochum 0.61-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-360" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-scanner/"> Bochum Scanner </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-photometer/"> Bochum Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/"> Danish 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-363" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-two-channel-hb-photometer/"> Two-Channel Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-four-channel-uvby-photometer/"> Four-Channel uvby Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-six-channel-uvby-hb-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby–Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/gpo/"> Grand Prisme Objectif telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss04/"> Swiss 0.4-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marseille/"> Marseille 0.36-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/grb/"> GRB Monitoring System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mascara/"> MASCARA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/blackgem/"> BlackGEM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/extra/"> ExTrA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/test-bed/"> Test-Bed Telescope </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/"> APEX <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-375" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/artemis/"> ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/laboca/"> LABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/saboca/"> SABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/sepia/"> SEPIA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/apex-2a/"> APEX–2A </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/aszca/"> ASZCa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/champ-plus/"> CHAMP+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash/"> FLASH </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash-plus/"> FLASH+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/mpi_11thz/"> MPI_1.1THz </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/p-artemis/"> P-ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/pi230/"> PI230 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/polka/"> PolKa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/shefi/"> SHeFI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/"> ALMA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-390" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/antennas/"> Antennas </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/transporters/"> Transporters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/receiver-bands/"> Receiver Bands </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/residencia/"> ALMA Residencia </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/"> Technology for Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-397" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/active_optics/"> Active Optics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/"> Adaptive Optics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/ifu/"> Integral Field Units </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/spectroscopy/"> Spectroscopy </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/instruments/"> Instruments </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/science/">Discoveries<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-404" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/science/top10/"> ESO Top 10 Astronomical Discoveries </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/science/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/science/gravitationalwaves/"> Gravitational Wave Sources </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/science/gc/"> Black Hole at the Centre of our Galaxy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/science/grb/"> Gamma-Ray Bursts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/science/archive/"> Science Archive </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/">Events<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-411" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a 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href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/"> ASTRONET 2013 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-425" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/dates/"> Important Dates </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/registration/"> Registration, Fees and Payment </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/abstracts/"> Abstract Submission </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/venue/"> Workshop Venue </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/practical_information/"> 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href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/organisers/"> For Exhibitors </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/iya2009/"> IYA 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/100ha/"> 100 Hours of Astronomy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/theeye/"> The Eye 3D </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/imax-hidden-universe/"> IMAX® 3D Film Hidden Universe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse11/"> Open House Day 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse09/"> Open House Day 2009 (German) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/bond/"> Bond at Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/lndw-2007eng/"> Long Night of Science 2007 </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/"> Open House Day 2006 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-463" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/ohd06-winnerslist/"> List of Prize Winners </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/tdot06/"> Deutsche Fassung </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/tdot06-gewinnerliste/"> Liste der Preisgewinner </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/pt-011203/"> Public Talks 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/eso40years/"> ESO 40 Years (1962 - 2002) </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/exhibitions/"> Exhibitions <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-469" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/exhibitions/perma_exhibitions/"> ESO Permanent Exhibitions </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/http://www.esof.eu/"> EuroScience Open Forum (ESOF) </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/http://eas.unige.ch/EWASS2016/"> EWASS 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/https://aas.org/meetings/aas227"> AAS Winter 2016 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/"> Astronomical Events <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-474" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/solareclipse2019/"> Total Solar Eclipse 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/mcnaught2007/"> The Comet McNaught 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/deepimpact/"> Deep Impact - 04.07.2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/http://www.vt-2004.org/"> The Venus Transit - 08.11.2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids99/"> The Leonids - 17.11.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/eclipse99/"> Solar Eclipse at ESO HQ - 11.08.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids98/"> The Leonids - 11.1998 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/pathfinder/"> Mars Pathfinder - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hyakutake/"> Comet Hyakutake - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/sl9/"> SL-9 and Jupiter - 1994 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hale-bopp/"> Comet Hale Bopp - 1994 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/events/seminars/"> Astronomy Communication Seminars </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/">Outreach<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-487" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/"> Education <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-488" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/products/education/"> Educational Material </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/http://www.scienceinschool.org/" target="_blank"> Science in School </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2017/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/https://web.archive.org/web/20190722044743/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2016/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/https://web.archive.org/web/20190810160701/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2015/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/https://web.archive.org/web/20190321214717/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2014/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/teacherschools/"> Teacher Schools </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/prev-programmes/"> Previous Programmes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-496" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/http://www.eaae-astronomy.org/catchastar/cas2013"> Catch a Star 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/http://www.eaae-astronomy.org/catchastar/cas2011"> Catch a Star 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2008/"> Catch a Star 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2007/"> Catch a Star 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2005/"> Catch a Star 2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2004/"> Catch a Star 2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2003/"> Catch a Star 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2002/"> Catch a Star 2002 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/liu/"> Life in the Universe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/pos/"> Physics On Stage </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/seaspace/docs/"> Sea & Space </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/http://kids.alma.cl/?lang=en"> ALMA Kids </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/"> Partnerships <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-509" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/translators/"> Volunteer Translators </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/eson/"> ESO Science Outreach Network </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/"> Collaborations in Chile <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-512" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/2009/"> 2009 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/eso-ambassadors/"> ESO Outreach Ambassadors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/organisations/"> ESO Outreach Partner Organisations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/educators/"> Informal Educators </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/http://eso.us2.list-manage1.com/subscribe?u=c35dd77ef962de779092c970b&id=bd58d6ae8d"> Outreach Newsletter Form </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/photo-ambassadors/"> ESO Photo Ambassadors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/music-ambassadors/"> ESO Music Ambassadors </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/first-picture-of-a-black-hole/blog/"> Taking the First Picture of a Black Hole </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/communication-resources/"> Astronomy Communication Resources </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/gems/"> Cosmic Gems </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/social/"> Social Media </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/"> Ultra HD Expedition <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-525" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a 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this site </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="content" class=""> <div id="eso-side-logo"> <a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/"> <div data-spy="affix" class="affix"> <div class="sprites-esologo"></div> <span>European<br>Southern<br>Observatory</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="container " id="body"> <div class="row no-page"> <div class="col-md-12"> </div> </div> <div class="row page"> <div class="col-md-9 left-column"> <h3 class="pr_typeid">eso1916 — Photo Release</h3> <h1 class="pr_title">A Cosmic Pretzel</h1> <h3>Twin baby stars grow amongst a twisting network of gas and dust</h3> <p class="date">4 October 2019</p> <div class="archive-image popup"> <a class="popup" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/https://cdn.eso.org/images/screen/eso1916a.jpg" title="A Cosmic Pretzel"> <div class="image-container"> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317im_/https://cdn.eso.org/images/newsfeature/eso1916a.jpg" class="pr_news_feature_img img-responsive" style="padding:0;"/> </div> </a> <a class="popup" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/https://cdn.eso.org/images/screen/eso1233a.jpg" title="The mouthpiece of the Pipe Nebula" class="hidden"></a><a class="popup" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/https://cdn.eso.org/images/screen/eso1233b.jpg" title="Barnard 59, a dark nebula in the constellation of Ophiuchus" class="hidden"></a> </div> </p> <p class="text_intro pr_first">Astronomers using ALMA have obtained an extremely high-resolution image showing two disks in which young stars are growing, fed by a complex pretzel-shaped network of filaments of gas and dust. Observing this remarkable phenomenon sheds new light on the earliest phases of the lives of stars and helps astronomers determine the conditions in which binary stars are born.</p> <p dir="ltr">The two baby stars were found in the [BHB2007] 11 system – the youngest member of a small stellar cluster in the Barnard 59 dark nebula, which is part of the clouds of interstellar dust called the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1233/">Pipe nebula</a>. Previous observations of this binary system showed the outer structure. Now, thanks to the high resolution of the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/https://eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/">Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array</a> (ALMA) and an international team of astronomers led by scientists from the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/http://www.mpe.mpg.de/index">Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics</a> (MPE) in Germany, we can see the inner structure of this object. </p> <p dir="ltr">“<em>We see two compact sources that we interpret as circumstellar disks around the two young stars,</em>” explains Felipe Alves from MPE who led the study. A circumstellar disk is the ring of dust and gas that surrounds a young star. The star accrete matter from the ring to grow bigger. “<em>The size of each of these disks is similar to the asteroid belt in our Solar System and the separation between them is 28 times the distance between the Sun and the Earth</em>,” notes Alves. </p> <p dir="ltr">The two circumstellar disks are surrounded by a bigger disk with a total mass of about 80 Jupiter masses, which displays a complex network of dust structures distributed in spiral shapes – the pretzel loops. “<em>This is a really important result</em>,” stresses Paola Caselli, managing director at MPE, head of the Centre of Astrochemical Studies and co-author of the study. “<em>We have finally imaged the complex structure of young binary stars with their feeding filaments connecting them to the disk in which they were born. This provides important constraints for current models of star formation.</em>”</p> <p dir="ltr">The baby stars accrete mass from the bigger disk in two stages. The first stage is when mass is transferred to the individual circumstellar disks in beautiful twirling loops, which is what the new ALMA image showed. The data analysis also revealed that the less-massive but brighter circumstellar disk — the one in the lower part of the image — accretes more material. In the second stage, the stars accrete mass from their circumstellar disks. “<em>We expect this two-level accretion process to drive the dynamics of the binary system during its mass accretion phase</em>,” adds Alves. “<em>While the good agreement of these observations with theory is already very promising, we will need to study more young binary systems in detail to better understand how multiple stars form.</em>”</p> <h3>More information</h3><p dir="ltr">This research was presented in a paper published on 3 October 2019 in the journal <em>Science.</em></p> <p dir="ltr">The team is composed of F. O. Alves (Center for Astrochemical Studies, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany), P. Caselli (Center for Astrochemical Studies, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Germany), J. M. Girart (Institut de Ciències de l’Espai, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain and Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Spain), D. Segura-Cox (Center for Astrochemical Studies, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany), G. A. P. Franco (Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil), A. Schmiedeke (Center for Astrochemical Studies, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany) and B. Zhao (Center for Astrochemical Studies, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany).</p> <p dir="ltr">The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), an international astronomy facility, is a partnership of ESO, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) of Japan in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. ALMA is funded by ESO on behalf of its Member States, by NSF in cooperation with the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC) and by NINS in cooperation with the Academia Sinica (AS) in Taiwan and the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI). ALMA construction and operations are led by ESO on behalf of its Member States; by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), managed by Associated Universities, Inc. (AUI), on behalf of North America; and by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) on behalf of East Asia. The Joint ALMA Observatory (JAO) provides the unified leadership and management of the construction, commissioning and operation of ALMA. </p> <p dir="ltr">ESO is the foremost intergovernmental astronomy organisation in Europe and the world’s most productive ground-based astronomical observatory by far. It has 16 Member States: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, along with the host state of Chile and with Australia as a Strategic Partner. ESO carries out an ambitious programme focused on the design, construction and operation of powerful ground-based observing facilities enabling astronomers to make important scientific discoveries. ESO also plays a leading role in promoting and organising cooperation in astronomical research. ESO operates three unique world-class observing sites in Chile: La Silla, Paranal and Chajnantor. At Paranal, ESO operates the Very Large Telescope and its world-leading Very Large Telescope Interferometer as well as two survey telescopes, VISTA working in the infrared and the visible-light VLT Survey Telescope. Also at Paranal ESO will host and operate the Cherenkov Telescope Array South, the world’s largest and most sensitive gamma-ray observatory. ESO is also a major partner in two facilities on Chajnantor, APEX and ALMA, the largest astronomical project in existence. And on Cerro Armazones, close to Paranal, ESO is building the 39-metre Extremely Large Telescope, the ELT, which will become “the world’s biggest eye on the sky”.</p> <h3>Links</h3><ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1916/eso1916a.pdf">Research paper</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/search/?adv=&subject_name=Atacama%20Large%20Millimeter/submillimeter%20Array">Photos of ALMA</a></li> </ul> <h3>Contacts</h3> <p> Felipe Alves<br/> Center for Astrochemical Studies — Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics<br/> Garching bei München, Germany<br/> Tel: +49 89 30000 3897<br/> Email: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/mailto:falves@mpe.mpg.de">falves@mpe.mpg.de</a></p> <p> Mariya Lyubenova<br/> ESO Head of Media Relations<br/> Garching bei München, Germany<br/> Tel: +49 89 3200 6188<br/> Email: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/mailto:pio@eso.org">pio@eso.org</a></p> <p><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/social/">Connect with ESO on social media</a></p> <div class="copyright"> <a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/copyright/">Usage of ESO Images, Videos, Web texts and Music</a><br/> <a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/pressmedia/#epodpress_form">Are you a journalist? Subscribe to the ESO Media Newsletter in your language.</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3 right-column"> <div class="archive-search"><form class="form-inline" role="form" action="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/news/" method="GET"><div class="form-group"><div class="input-group"><input id="id_archivesearch" type="text" value="" placeholder="Search Press Releases..." name="search" class="form-control input-sm"/><span class="input-group-btn"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm" type="submit"><span class="fa fa-search"></span></button></span></div></div></form></div> <div class="object-info"><h3>About the Release</h3><div><table><tr><td class="title">Release No.:</td><td>eso1916</td></tr><tr><td class="title">Name:</td><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Barnard+59">Barnard 59</a>, [BHB2007] 11, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Pipe+Nebula">Pipe Nebula</a></td></tr><tr><td class="title">Type:</td><td>Milky Way : Nebula : Type : Star Formation</td></tr><tr><td class="title">Facility:</td><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/">Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array</a></td></tr><tr><td class="title">Science data:</td><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/http://telbib.eso.org/detail.php?bibcode=2019Sci...366...90A">2019Sci...366...90A</a></td></tr></table></div></div> <div class="embedded-list"> <h3>Images</h3> <div class="embedded-list-image"> <a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1916a/"><img class="img-responsive" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317im_/https://cdn.eso.org/images/news/eso1916a.jpg" alt="A Cosmic Pretzel"/></a> <div><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1916a/">PR Image eso1916a</a></div> <div>A Cosmic Pretzel </div> </div> <div class="embedded-list-image"> <a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1233a/"><img class="img-responsive" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317im_/https://cdn.eso.org/images/news/eso1233a.jpg" alt="The mouthpiece of the Pipe Nebula"/></a> <div><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1233a/">PR Image eso1916b</a></div> <div>The mouthpiece of the Pipe Nebula </div> </div> <div class="embedded-list-image"> <a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1233b/"><img class="img-responsive" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317im_/https://cdn.eso.org/images/news/eso1233b.jpg" alt="Barnard 59, a dark nebula in the constellation of Ophiuchus"/></a> <div><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1233b/">PR Image eso1916c</a></div> <div>Barnard 59, a dark nebula in the constellation of Ophiuchus </div> </div> </div> <hr> <div class="embedded-list"> <h3>Videos</h3> <div class="embedded-list-video"> <a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1916a/"><img class="img-responsive" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317im_/https://cdn.eso.org/videos/news/eso1916a.jpg" alt="ESOcast 208 Light: A Cosmic Pretzel (4K UHD)"/></a> <div><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1916a/">PR Video eso1916a</a></div> <div>ESOcast 208 Light: A Cosmic Pretzel (4K UHD) </div> </div> <div class="embedded-list-video"> <a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1916b/"><img class="img-responsive" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317im_/https://cdn.eso.org/videos/news/eso1916b.jpg" alt="Animation of two circumstellar disk orbiting and accreting gas and dust"/></a> <div><a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1916b/">PR Video eso1916b</a></div> <div>Animation of two circumstellar disk orbiting and accreting gas and dust </div> </div> <hr> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="row footernote"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/mailto:information@eso.org">Send us your comments!</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe to receive news from ESO in your language</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/https://www.cdn77.com/">Accelerated by CDN77</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20210327003317/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/">Terms & Conditions</a> </div> </div> <link href="/web/20210327003317cs_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/css/extras.166b25c68b97.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script type="text/javascript">var MEDIA_URL = "/public/archives/"</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20210327003317js_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/js/main.86f0f17c90d3.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> </div>  <div id="social-share" class="hidden-print"> <div class="link facebook" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Facebook"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1916/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link twitter" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Twitter"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1916/&text=Astronomers using ALMA have obtained an extremely high-resolution image showing two disks in which young stars are growing, fed by a complex pretzel-shaped network of filaments of gas and dust. Observing this remarkable phenomenon sheds new light on the earliest phases of the lives of stars and helps astronomers determine the conditions in which binary stars are born.&via=ESO" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link pinterest" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Pinterest"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/http://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1916/&media=&description=Astronomers using ALMA have obtained an extremely high-resolution image showing two disks in which young stars are growing, fed by a complex pretzel-shaped network of filaments of gas and dust. Observing this remarkable phenomenon sheds new light on the earliest phases of the lives of stars and helps astronomers determine the conditions in which binary stars are born." target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pinterest" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link print" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Print"> <a href="javascript:window.print()" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-print" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link email" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share by email"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327003317/mailto:%20?subject=ESO — Astronomers using ALMA have obtained an extremely high-resolution image showing two disks in which young stars are growing, fed by a complex pretzel-shaped network of filaments of gas and dust. Observing this remarkable phenomenon sheds new light on the earliest phases of the lives of stars and helps astronomers determine the conditions in which binary stars are born.&body=https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1916/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> <script> $('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip(); </script> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="L5yFnrQIAz839VubffoIBtpUbNotfxTdi96naRq4U9tA73xr3IKkZkrnK4PlzGhc"/> </body> </html>

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A Cosmic Pretzel | ESO