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class="h pbm"> <h1 class="ph"> [转载]光芯片，时代“芯”宠 </h1> <p class="xg2"> <span class="xg1">已有 450 次阅读</span> <span class="xg1">2024-11-2 06:01</span> <span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">系统分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&do=blog&view=all&uid=575857&catid=7">科普集锦</a></span><span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">文章来源:转载</span> </p> </div> <div id="blog_article" class="d cl" ><p style="margin-bottom:14px;text-align:center;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:29px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">光芯片，时代</span><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">“芯”宠</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-right:10px;text-align:center;line-height:20px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><a><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei UI';color: #0000FF;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px">中国电子报</span></span></a></p><p style=";text-align:center;line-height:20px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:15px">2024年10月31日 17:05</span><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:1px"> </span><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:15px">北京</span></p><p style="margin-right:8px;margin-left:8px;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px">         </span></p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=image.png&id=1353370" title="" alt="image.png"/></p><p style="margin-right:8px;margin-left:8px;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">今年以来，</span><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">“光芯片”相关概念的热度持续升温。近期，光芯片市场由于需求增长迎来涨价潮；广东省发布推动光芯片产业发展的行动方案；全球科技企业频频对“光芯片”发出相关动作和声音……当光芯片这把“火”越烧越旺，更多目光行业开始搜寻其“爆火”的背后逻辑。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:8px;margin-left:8px;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei UI';color: #D92142;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">光芯片之</span><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">“火”越烧越旺</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-right:8px;margin-left:8px;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px">10月21日，广东省人民政府办公厅发布了《关于印发广东省加快推动光芯片产业创新发展行动方案（2024—2030年）的通知》（以下简称</span><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px">《通知》</span><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">）。《通知》指出，力争到</span><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">2030年取得10项以上光芯片领域关键核心技术突破，打造10个以上“拳头”产品，培育10家以上具有国际竞争力的一流领军企业，建设10个左右国家和省级创新平台，培育形成新的千亿级产业集群，建设成为具有全球影响力的光芯片产业创新高地。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:8px;margin-left:8px;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">除了剑指</span><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">“千亿级”光芯片产业集群的广东，我国多地也启动了在光芯片领域的布局。苏州在高新区设立太湖光子中心，做大做强光芯片、光器件等细分领域，推动光子产业融合发展。据了解，光子产业被列入苏州30条重点产业链之一，现已落户亿元以上重点项目69个、高质量科技项目134项，集聚光子领域企业超300家，形成了芯片材料-器件模组-集成装备的整链条、多梯次发展方阵，年产值达720亿元。此外，上海市将光量子芯片列入其五大未来产业中的“未来智能”。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:8px;margin-left:8px;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">一边是各地积极布局光芯片产业，一边是今年以来光芯片研发和应用新进展不断。</span><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">8月初，清华大学首创全前向智能光计算训练架构，研制出“太极-Ⅱ”光芯片，实现了大规模神经网络的原位光训练，为人工智能（AI）大模型探索了光训练的新路径。9月底，湖北九峰山实验室在硅光子集成领域取得新进展，成功点亮集成到硅基芯片内部的激光光源，这也是该项技术在国内的首次成功实现。此外，由上海交通大学无锡光子芯片研究院建设国内首条光子芯片中试线已正式启用，标志着光子芯片正式步入产业化快车道。</span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';color:#888888;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=image.png&id=1353372" title="" alt="image.png"/> </span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';color:#888888;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">今年英特尔展示了尚处于技术原型阶段的</span><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">OCI（光学计算互连）芯粒</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:8px;margin-left:8px;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">在各地方、各企业的积极布局与推动下，</span><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">“光芯片”热度持续升温。而放眼全球市场，在“光芯片”这条赛道上，英伟达、英特尔、博通、台积电等众多知名企业一直紧紧蹲守。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:8px;margin-left:8px;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">英特尔集成光子解决方案（</span><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">IPS）部门于3月份在光纤通信大会（OFC）上展示了业界首款完全集成的光学计算互连（OCI）Chiplet芯粒，该芯粒与英特尔CPU封装在一起，将过去通过铜线实现的电气I/O接口传输数据，变成采用光学I/O解决方案，实现了高带宽片上互连的突破。英伟达近期投资了利用硅光子技术支持下一代AI数据中心的初创公司Xscape Photonics，另有消息称英伟达预计到2027年发布“Rubin Ultra” GPU计算引擎时有望为其GPU内存绑定NVLink协议并提供光学互连。此外，台积电推出了一种推出基于硅光子学的人工智能芯片封装平台，并在今年9月和日月光科技牵头成立了硅光子产业联盟。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:8px;margin-left:8px;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><strong><span style="font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei UI';color: #D92142;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px">AI时代的“芯宠儿”</span></strong></p><p style="margin-right:8px;margin-left:8px;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">被业界看上的光芯片有何</span><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">“妙处”？</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:8px;margin-left:8px;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px">据了解，光芯片是以光为媒介，用电磁波来传递信息的芯片，也是实现光电信号转换的基础元器件。相比使用电子传递信息的一般意义上的芯片，用光传递信息的光子芯片，理论上信息传输速度更快，传播距离更远，能量损耗更低。业内人士认为，推动光芯片发展的最大意义在于，其为半导体产品在后摩尔时代的性能提升打开了新的路径。</span></p><p style="margin-right:8px;margin-left:8px;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px">当前，生成式大模型的庞大参数规模和迅速增加的使用量，使云端算力需求急剧攀升，对算力芯片和互联技术的性能、功耗和成本要求无不在升级。然而，随着传统半导体制程工艺已经逐渐逼近物理极限，摩尔定律脚步放缓，芯片在进一步提升计算速度和降低功耗方面遭遇瓶颈。</span></p><p style="margin-right:8px;margin-left:8px;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px">“服务器之间的数据传输正在不断增加，当今的数据中心基础设施难堪重负。目前的解决方案正在迅速接近电气I/O性能的实际极限。”英特尔硅光集成解决方案团队产品管理与战略高级总监Thomas Liljeberg表示。而英伟达创始人黄仁勋则多次公开发表“摩尔定律已经终结”的看法，他曾表示：“我们再也不会看到CPU和通用计算机的速度每年翻一番了，如果每十年能翻一番，那就算幸运了。”</span></p><p style="margin-right:8px;margin-left:8px;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">在摩尔定律放缓与人工智能时代到来之际，如何构建新一代计算架构，建立芯片</span><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">“新”秩序？这成为国际高度关注的前沿热点。在此之际，行业对光芯片的需求“呼之欲出”，光芯片技术被视为破局的关键。而这也是英特尔、英伟达、台积电对光芯片领域保持高度兴趣的根源。</span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';color:#888888;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px"><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=image.png&id=1353373" title="" alt="image.png"/></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';color:#888888;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:14px">洛微科技发布的全球首个单片全集成激光雷达硅光芯片</span></p><p style="margin-right:8px;margin-left:8px;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">从技术视角来看，与</span><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">“光芯片”相关的概念涉及多重含义，包括光通信、光计算、光量子等。业内人士指出，广义上的光芯片并不是前沿技术，例如用于光通信两端的收发模块都是光芯片，但这些都是不可编程的光学线性计算单元，而想要真正通过光来提升算力，可编程光芯片是关键。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:8px;margin-left:8px;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">业内专家向记者表示，针对解决</span><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">AI时代芯片性能和电力消耗制约问题，目前发展“光芯片”主要有两种思路。第一种是光芯片与传统芯片的混合集成，传统芯片作为单个的计算单元，光芯片则负责计算单元之间的高速通信桥梁，从而建立集群运算，有效提高运算速度，同时功耗的增加也在可接受范围内。二是设计制造光计算芯片，突破传统的微电子处理器芯片性能瓶颈。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:8px;margin-left:8px;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px">虽然被行业寄予厚望的光芯片热度持续攀升，但业内人士指出，光芯片未来发展还有很长的路要走，在基础研究上需要加大投入，在材料工艺等环节需要加快打通堵点，在产业化应用等更多方面也需要协同发力，攻克多道难关。</span></p><p style=";background:rgb(255,255,255)"><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px"> </span></p><p style="margin-right:8px;margin-left:8px;line-height:28px;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><a href="file:///E:/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%BD%91&%E8%8A%AF%E7%89%87/%E5%85%89%E8%8A%AF%E7%89%87%EF%BC%8C%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E2%80%9C%E8%8A%AF%E2%80%9D%E5%AE%A0.docx#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" target="_blank"><strong><span style="font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei UI';color: #0000FF;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">抱团挑战英伟达：这次瞄准了</span><span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei UI">NVLink</span></span></strong></a></p><p style=";background:rgb(255,255,255)"></p><p></p><p><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';color:#222222;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px">作者</span><span style=";font-family:'Microsoft YaHei UI';letter-spacing:1px;font-size:16px">丨杨鹏岳编辑丨张心怡美编丨马利亚监制丨连晓东</span></p><p></p> <br /><br /> <label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">转载本文请联系原作者获取授权，同时请注明本文来自朱爱军科学网博客。<br />链接地址：</label><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-575857-1458142.html" target="_blank" style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-575857-1458142.html </a> <br /><br />上一篇：<a href='blog-575857-1456596.html' target='_black'>杭州电子科技大学王晓媛教授到我校电子工程与自动化学院访问，并做了题为“ 忆阻器及忆阻三值数字逻辑电路设计”的学术分享。</a><br />下一篇：<a href='blog-575857-1459110.html' target='_black'>[转载]清华北大和哈弗耶鲁斯坦福的学生，最喜欢借阅的书，都是什么？（本文闪光点：人生的智力巅峰就这么几年，读几流...</a>  </div> <div 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