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control</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: pain control"> <meta name="keywords" content="pain control"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="pain control"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 11640</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: pain control</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11640</span> A Study of Gender Differences in Expressing Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Estaji">A. Estaji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The first part of the present paper studies the role of language in expressing pain. Pain is usually described as a personal and mental experience, so language has an important role in describing, expressing and measuring pain and sometimes it is believed that language is the only device for accessing this personal experience. The second part of this paper studies gender differences in expressing pain. Considering the biological, psychological and social differences between men and women, we raise this question whether men and women express their pain in the same way or differently. To answer this question, we asked 44 Farsi speaking participants to write about the most painful experience they had in the past. Qualitative analysis of the data shows that women, have expressed their pain more severely, have expressed their feelings about pain instead of describing the pain itself, have made their pain more personal and have given more details about the circumstances in which they experienced pain, while men have given a more neutral description of their pain and have given a description of their pain by distancing themselves from the painful event. Knowing these gender differences in expressing pain can help medical practitioners in assessing the pain level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discourse%20analysis" title="discourse analysis">discourse analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expressing%20pain" title=" expressing pain"> expressing pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measuring%20pain" title=" measuring pain"> measuring pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender "> gender </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30264/a-study-of-gender-differences-in-expressing-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11639</span> A Concept Analysis of Self-Efficacy for Cancer Pain Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Fung%20Lin">Yi-Fung Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan-Mei%20Liao"> Yuan-Mei Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Pain is common among patients with cancer and is also one of the most disturbing symptoms. As this suffering is subjective, if patients proactively participate in their pain self-management, pain could be alleviated effectively. However, not everyone can carry out self-management very well because human behavior is a product of the cognition process. In this process, we can see that "self-efficacy" plays an essential role in affecting human behaviors. Methods: We used the eight steps of concept analysis proposed by Walker and Avant to clarify the concept of “self-efficacy for cancer pain management.” A comprehensive literature review was conducted for relevant publications that were published during the period of 1977 to 2021. We used several keywords, including self-efficacy, self-management, concept analysis, conceptual framework, and cancer pain, to search the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Embase. Results: We identified three defining attributes for the concept of self-efficacy for cancer pain management, including pain management abilities, confidence, and continuous pain monitoring, and recognized six skills related to pain management abilities: problem-solving, decision-making, resource utilization, forming partnerships between medical professionals and patients, planning actions, and self-regulation. Five antecedents for the concept of self-efficacy for cancer pain management were identified: pain experience, existing cancer pain, pain-related knowledge, a belief in pain management, and physical/mental state. Consequences related to self-efficacy for cancer pain management were achievement of pain self-management, well pain control, satisfying quality of life, and containing motivation. Conclusions: This analysis provides researchers with a clearer understanding of the concept of “self-efficacy for cancer pain management.” The findings presented here provide a foundation for future research and nursing interventions to enhance self-efficacy for cancer pain management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20pain" title="cancer pain">cancer pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concept%20analysis" title=" concept analysis"> concept analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-efficacy" title=" self-efficacy"> self-efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-management" title=" self-management"> self-management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149447/a-concept-analysis-of-self-efficacy-for-cancer-pain-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11638</span> Comparison of Effectiveness When Ketamine was Used as an Adjuvant in Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia Used to Control Cancer Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donghee%20Kang">Donghee Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Cancer pain is very difficult to control as the mechanism of pain is varied, and the patient has several co-morbidities. The use of Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia (IV-PCA) can effectively control underlying pain and breakthrough pain. Ketamine is used in many pain patients due to its unique analgesic effect. In this study, it was checked whether there was a difference in the amount of analgesic usage, pain control degree, and side effects between patients who controlled pain with fentanyl-based IV-PCA and those who added Ketamine for pain control. Methods: Among the patients referred to this department for cancer pain, IV-PCA was applied to patients who were taking sufficient oral analgesics but could not control them or had blood clotting disorders that made the procedure difficult, and this patient group was targeted. In IV-PCA, 3000 mcg of Fentanyl, 160 mg of Nefopam, and 0.3 mg of Ramosetrone were mixed with normal saline to make a total volume of 100 ml. Group F used this IV-PCA as it is, and group K mixed 250 mg of Ketamine with normal saline to make a total volume of 100 ml. For IV-PCA, the basal rate was 0.5ml/h, the bolus was set to 1ml when pressed once, and the lockout time was set to 15 minutes. If pain was not controlled after IV-PCA application, 500 mcg of Fentanyl was added, and if excessive sedation or breathing difficulties occurred, the use was stopped for one hour. After that, the degree of daily pain control, analgesic usage, and side effects were investigated for seven days using this IV-PCA. Results: There was no difference between the two groups in the demographic data. Both groups had adequate pain control. Initial morphine milligram equivalents did not differ between the two groups, but the total amount of Fentanyl used for seven days was significantly different between the two groups [p=0.014], and group F used more Fentanyl through IV-PCA. In addition, the amount of sleeping pills used during the seven days was higher in Group F [p<0.01]. Overall, there was no difference in the frequency of side effects between the two groups, but the nausea was more frequent in Group F [p=0.031]. Discussion: When the two groups were compared, pain control was good in both groups. This seems to be because Fentanyl-based IV-PCA showed an adequate pain control effect. However, there was a significant difference in the total amount of opioid (Fentanyl) used, which is thought to be the opioid-sparing effect of Ketamine. Also, among the side effects, nausea was significantly less, which is thought to be possible because the amount of opioids used in the Ketamine group was small. The frequency of requesting sleeping pills was significantly less in the group using Ketamine, and it seems that Ketamine also helped improve sleep quality. In conclusion, using Ketamine with an opioid to control pain seems to have advantages. IV-PCA, which can be used effectively when other procedures are difficult, is more effective and safer when used together with Ketamine than opioids alone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20pain" title="cancer pain">cancer pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intravenous%20patient-controlled%20analgesia" title=" intravenous patient-controlled analgesia"> intravenous patient-controlled analgesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ketamine" title=" Ketamine"> Ketamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opioid" title=" opioid"> opioid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159443/comparison-of-effectiveness-when-ketamine-was-used-as-an-adjuvant-in-intravenous-patient-controlled-analgesia-used-to-control-cancer-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159443.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11637</span> The Effect of Ice in Pain Control before Digital Nerve Block</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Rasooli">Fatemeh Rasooli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behzad%20Simiari"> Behzad Simiari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pooya%20Payandemehr"> Pooya Payandemehr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Nejati"> Amir Nejati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Bahreini"> Maryam Bahreini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atefeh%20Abdollahi"> Atefeh Abdollahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Pain is a complex physiological reaction to tissue injury. In the course of painful procedures such as nerve block, ice has been shown to be a feasible and inexpensive material to control pain. It delays nerve conduction, actives other senses and reduces inflammatory and painful responses. This study assessed the effect of ice in reducing pain caused by needling and infiltration during digital block. Patient satisfaction recorded as a secondary outcome. Methods: This study was designed as a non-blinded randomized clinical trial approved by Tehran University of Medical Sciences Ethical Committee. Informed consent was taken from all the participants who were then randomly divided into two groups. Digital block performed by standard approach in selected patients. Tubes of ice were prepared in gloves and were fragmented at a time of application for circling around the finger. Tubes were applied for 6 minutes before digital nerve block in the site of needling in the case group. Patients in the control group underwent digital nerve block with the conventional method without ice administration. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) used for grading pain. 0 used for no pain and 10 for the worst pain that patient had experienced until now. Scores were analyzed by Wilcoxon Rank Sum test and compared in case and control groups. Results: 100 patients aged 16-50 years were enrolled. Mean NRS scores with and without ice were 1.5 mm (S.D ± 1.44) and 6.8 mm (S.D ± 1.40) for needling pain and for infiltration pain were 2.7mm ( S.D ±1.65) and 8.5mm ( S.D ± 1.47), respectively (p<0.001). Besides, patients’ satisfactions were significantly higher in the ice group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Application of ice for 6 minutes significantly reduced pain of needling and infiltration in digital nerve block; thus, it seems to be a feasible and inexpensive material which acts effectively to decrease pain and stress before the procedure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20block" title="digital block">digital block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ice" title=" ice"> ice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=needle" title=" needle"> needle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain" title=" pain"> pain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77303/the-effect-of-ice-in-pain-control-before-digital-nerve-block" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11636</span> Pain Management Program in Helping Community-Dwelling Older Adults and Their Informal Caregivers to Manage Pain and Related Situations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimi%20My%20Tse">Mimi My Tse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prevalence of chronic non-cancer pain is high among community-dwelling older adults. Pain affects physical and psychosocial abilities. Older adults tend to be less mobile and have a high tendency to fall risk. In addition, older adults with pain are depressed, anxious, and not too willing to join social activities. This will make them feel very lonely and social isolation. Instead of giving pain management education and programs to older adults/clients, both older adults and their caregivers, it is sad to find that the majority of existing services are given to older adults only. Given the importance of family members in increasing compliance with health-promoting programs, we proposed to offer pain management programs to both older adults with his/her caregiver as a “dyad.” We used the Health Promotion Model and implemented a dyadic pain management program (DPM). The DPM is an 8-week group-based program. The DPM comprises 4 weeks of center-based, face-to-face activities and 4 weeks of digital-based activities delivered via a WhatsApp group. There were 30 dyads (15 in the experimental group with DPM and 15 in the control group with pain education pamphlets). Upon the completion of DPM, pain intensity and pain interference were significantly lower in the intervention group as compared to the control group. At the same time, physical function showed significant improvement and lower depression scores in the intervention group. In conclusion, the study highlights the potential benefits of involving caregivers in the management of chronic pain for older adults. This approach should be widely promoted in managing chronic pain situations for community-dwelling older adults and their caregivers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain" title="pain">pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=older%20adults" title=" older adults"> older adults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyadic%20approach" title=" dyadic approach"> dyadic approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172757/pain-management-program-in-helping-community-dwelling-older-adults-and-their-informal-caregivers-to-manage-pain-and-related-situations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172757.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11635</span> The Effect of Intrathecal Adenosine in Control of Neuropathic Pain after Lumbar Discectomy in One Level</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawood%20Aghamohammadi">Dawood Aghamohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Eidi"> Mahmoud Eidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Pishgahi"> Alireza Pishgahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azam%20Esmaeilnejad"> Azam Esmaeilnejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adenosine has an analgesic and anti-inflammatory role and its injections are used for peri-operative pain management. We want to study efficacy of intrathecal injection of adenosine for post operative radicular pain after lumbar discectomy. 40 patients with unilevel lumbar discectomy who had radicular lower limb pain were treated by 1000 micrograms of intrathecal injection of adenosine. Pain severity, pain killer consumption per day and sleep quality were assessed during a 3 months follow up period. Radicular pain severity was significantly reduced in 3 month follow-up period in comparison to the baseline (F=19760, DF=2.53, p-value<0.001). Further painkiller medication consumption rate in average during 3 month follow-up period after injection was significantly lower in comparison to baseline (F= 19.244, df= 1.98, p-value<0.001). This study suggests that intrathecal injection of adenosine is a safe method in order to reduce postoperative pain after lumbar discectomy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adenosine" title="adenosine">adenosine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intrathecal%20injection" title=" intrathecal injection"> intrathecal injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discectomy" title=" discectomy"> discectomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuropathic%20pain" title=" neuropathic pain"> neuropathic pain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74844/the-effect-of-intrathecal-adenosine-in-control-of-neuropathic-pain-after-lumbar-discectomy-in-one-level" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74844.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11634</span> Therapeutic Effect of 12 Weeks of Sensorimotor Exercise on Pain, Functionality and Quality of Life in Non-athlete Women With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kasbparast%20Mehdi">Kasbparast Mehdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassani%20Zainab"> Hassani Zainab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of therapeutical sensorimotor exercise. The statistical population of women who were diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome by a doctor and were between the ages of 35 and 45 and registered for the first time in a sports club in the 4th district of Tehran, 30 people by random sampling and according to The include and exclude criteria were selected and divided into 2 equal control and experimental and homogeneous groups (in terms of height, weight and BMI).In both control and experimental groups, the pain was measured using a Visual Analog Scale(VAS) functionality was measured using the step-down test and quality of life was measured using a World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) (pre-test). Then, only the experimental group performed sensorimotor exercises for 12 weeks and 3 sessions each week, a total of 24 sessions and each session for 1 hour, and during this period, the control group only continued their daily activities. After the end of the training period, the desired factors were evaluated again (post-test) in the same way as the pre-test was done for them (experimental group and control group), with the same quality. Findings: The statistical results showed that in the experimental group, the amount of pain, function and quality of life had a statistical improvement (P≤0.05). Conclusion: In general conclusion, it can be stated that using sensorimotor exercises not only improved functionality and quality of life but also reduced the amount of pain in people with patellofemoral pain syndrome. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain" title="pain">pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PFPS" title=" PFPS"> PFPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensori%20motor%20training" title=" sensori motor training"> sensori motor training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functionality" title=" functionality"> functionality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168007/therapeutic-effect-of-12-weeks-of-sensorimotor-exercise-on-pain-functionality-and-quality-of-life-in-non-athlete-women-with-patellofemoral-pain-syndrome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11633</span> Pain Analysis in Musicians Using Digital Pain Drawings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cinzia%20Cruder">Cinzia Cruder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deborah%20Falla"> Deborah Falla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesca%20Mangili"> Francesca Mangili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Azzimonti"> Laura Azzimonti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liliana%20Araujo"> Liliana Araujo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aaron%20Williamon"> Aaron Williamon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Barbero"> Marco Barbero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and aims: According to the existing literature, musicians are at risk to experience a range of musculoskeletal painful conditions. Recently, digital technology has been developed to investigate pain location and pain extent. The aim of this study was to describe pain location and pain extent in musicians using a digital method for pain drawing analysis. Additionally, the association between pain drawing (PD) variables and clinical features in musicians with pain were explored. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty-eight musicians (90 women and 68 men; age 22.4±3.6 years) were recruited from Swiss and UK conservatoires. Participants were asked to complete a survey including both background musical information and clinical features, the Quick Dash (QD) questionnaire and the digital PDs. Results: Of the 158 participants, 126 musicians (79.7%) reported having pain, with more prevalence in the areas of the neck and shoulders, the lower back and the right arm. The mean of pain extent was 3.1% ±6.5. The mean of QD was larger for musicians showing the presence of pain than for those without pain. Additionally, the results indicated a positive correlation between QD score and pain extent, and there were significant correlations between age and pain intensity, as well as between pain extent and pain intensity. Conclusions: The high prevalence of pain among musicians has been confirmed using a digital PD. In addition, positive correlations between pain extent and upper limb disability has been demonstrated. Our findings highlight the need for effective prevention and treatment strategies for musicians. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20location" title="pain location">pain location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20extent" title=" pain extent"> pain extent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=musicians" title=" musicians"> musicians</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20drawings" title=" pain drawings"> pain drawings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73947/pain-analysis-in-musicians-using-digital-pain-drawings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11632</span> The Effect of Reverse Trendelenburg Position on the Back Pain after Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pramote%20Thangkratok">Pramote Thangkratok</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aims of this experimental study were to investigate the effect of Reverse Trendelenburg Position on the Back Pain after Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. In addition, to compare bleeding and hematoma occurrences at the Access site between experimental and control groups. The randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in 70 patients who underwent Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions via the femoral artery and received post procedural care at the intermediate cardiac care unit, Bangkok Heart Hospital. From December 2015 to February 2016. The control group (35 patients) was to get standard care after the intervention, whereas the experimental group (35 patients) was Reverse Trendelenburg Position 30-45 degrees. The groups were not significantly different in terms of demographic characteristics, Age, Gender, BMI, blood pressure, heart rate. While not significantly different from each other, the intensity of back pain control group had a significantly higher pain score than experimental group. Vascular complications in terms of bleeding and hematoma were not significantly different between the control and experimental groups. The findings show that Reverse Trendelenburg Position after Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions would reduce or prevent the back pain without increasing the chance of bleeding and hematoma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20trendelenburg%20position" title="reverse trendelenburg position">reverse trendelenburg position</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=back%20pain" title=" back pain"> back pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20angiography" title=" cardiovascular angiography"> cardiovascular angiography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20interventions" title=" cardiovascular interventions"> cardiovascular interventions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49355/the-effect-of-reverse-trendelenburg-position-on-the-back-pain-after-cardiovascular-angiography-and-interventions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49355.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11631</span> Disability and Quality of Life in Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zarina%20Zahari">Zarina Zahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Justine"> Maria Justine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamaria%20Kamaruddin"> Kamaria Kamaruddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low back pain (LBP) is a major musculoskeletal problem in global population. This study aimed to examine the relationship between pain, disability and quality of life in patients with non-specific low back pain (LBP). One hundred LBP participants were recruited in this cross-sectional study (mean age = 42.23±11.34 years old). Pain was measured using Numerical Rating Scale (11-point). Disability was assessed using the revised Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire (ODQ) and quality of life (QoL) was evaluated using the SF-36 v2. Majority of participants (58%) presented with moderate pain and 49% experienced severe disability. Thus, the pain and disability were found significant with negative correlation (r= -0.712, p<0.05). The pain and QoL also showed significant and positive correlation with both Physical Health Component Summary (PHCS) (r= .840, p<0.05) and Mental Health Component Summary (MHCS) (r= 0.446, p<0.05). Regression analysis indicated that pain emerged as an indicator of both disability and QoL (PHCS and MHCS) accounting for 51%, 71% and 21% of the variances respectively. This indicates that pain is an important factor in predicting disability and QoL in LBP sufferers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disability" title="disability">disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20back%20pain" title=" low back pain"> low back pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain" title=" pain"> pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life "> quality of life </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11696/disability-and-quality-of-life-in-low-back-pain-a-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11630</span> Understanding Chronic Pain: Missing the Mark</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20El%20Khoury">Rachid El Khoury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chronic pain is perhaps the most burdensome health issue facing the planet. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic pain has increased substantially over the past 25 years, including but not limited to changes in the brain. However, we still do not know why chronic pain develops in some people and not in others. Most of the recent developments in pain science, that have direct relevance to clinical management, relate to our understanding of the role of the brain, the role of the immune system, or the role of cognitive and behavioral factors. Although the Biopsychosocial model of pain management was presented decades ago, the Bio-reductionist model remains, unfortunately, at the heart of many practices across professional and geographic boundaries. A large body of evidence shows that nociception is neither sufficient nor necessary for pain. Pain is a conscious experience that can certainly be, and often is, associated with nociception, however, always modulated by countless neurobiological, environmental, and cognitive factors. This study will clarify the current misconceptions of chronic pain concepts, and their misperceptions by clinicians. It will also attempt to bridge the considerable gap between what we already know on pain but somehow disregarded, the development in pain science, and clinical practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20pain" title="chronic pain">chronic pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nociception" title=" nociception"> nociception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopsychosocial" title=" biopsychosocial"> biopsychosocial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroplasticity" title=" neuroplasticity"> neuroplasticity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182045/understanding-chronic-pain-missing-the-mark" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11629</span> Remote Electroacupuncture Analgesia at Contralateral LI4 Acupoint in Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Inflammatory Hindpaw Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tong-Chien%20Wu">Tong-Chien Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Liang%20Hsieh"> Ching-Liang Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Wen%20Lin"> Yi-Wen Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are accumulating evidences surrounding the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA). Local EA can reliably attenuate inflammatory pain in mouse with unclear mechanisms. However, the effect of EA on distal and contralateral acupoint for pain control has been rarely studied and the result was controversial. Here in our study, we found that inflammatory hindpaw pain in mouth, which was induced by injecting the complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) 2 days ago can be alleviated immediately after 2Hz 15mins EA treatment at contralateral forefoot acupoint LI4 through both mechanic and thermal behavior test, while sham acupoint group is not. The efficacy was observed to be more obvious after the second round of EA treatment on the following day. This analgesic effect is produced by applying EA to a site remote from the painful area. The present study provides a powerful experimental animal model that can be used for investigating the unique physiological mechanisms involved in acupuncture analgesia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20electroacupuncture" title="remote electroacupuncture">remote electroacupuncture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distal%20EA" title=" distal EA"> distal EA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20control" title=" pain control"> pain control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-inflammation" title=" anti-inflammation"> anti-inflammation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85446/remote-electroacupuncture-analgesia-at-contralateral-li4-acupoint-in-complete-freunds-adjuvant-induced-inflammatory-hindpaw-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11628</span> Development of a Pain Detector Using Microwave Radiometry Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nanditha%20Rajamani">Nanditha Rajamani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anirudhaa%20R.%20Rao"> Anirudhaa R. Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Divya%20Sriram"> Divya Sriram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the greatest difficulties in treating patients with pain is the highly subjective nature of pain sensation. The measurement of pain intensity is primarily dependent on the patient’s report, often with little physical evidence to provide objective corroboration. This is also complicated by the fact that there are only few and expensive existing technologies (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging-fMRI). The need is thus clear and urgent for a reliable, non-invasive, non-painful, objective, readily adoptable, and coefficient diagnostic platform that provides additional diagnostic information to supplement its current regime with more information to assist doctors in diagnosing these patients. Thus, our idea of developing a pain detector was conceived to take a step further the detection and diagnosis of chronic and acute pain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20sensor" title="pain sensor">pain sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20radiometery" title=" microwave radiometery"> microwave radiometery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20sensation" title=" pain sensation"> pain sensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fMRI" title=" fMRI"> fMRI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22639/development-of-a-pain-detector-using-microwave-radiometry-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22639.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11627</span> Two Weeks of Multi-Modal Inpatient Treatment: Patients Suffering from Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain for over 12 Months</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Schafer">D. Schafer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Booke"> H. Booke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Nordmeier"> R. Nordmeier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Patients suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain ( > 12 months) are a challenging clientele for pain specialists. A multimodal approach, characterized by a two weeks inpatient treatment, often is the ultimate therapeutic attempt. The lasting effects of such a multimodal approach were analyzed, especially since two weeks of inpatient therapy, although very intense, often seem too short to make a difference in patients suffering from chronic pain for years. The study includes 32 consecutive patients suffering from chronic pain over years who underwent a two weeks multimodal inpatient treatment of pain. Twelve months after discharge, each patient was interviewed to objectify any lasting effects. Pain was measured on admission and 12 months after discharge using the numeric rating scale (NRS). For statistics, a paired students' t-test was used. Significance was defined as p < 0.05. The average intensity of pain on admission was 8,6 on the NRS. Twelve months after discharge, the intensity of pain was still reduced by an average of 48% (average NRS 4,4), p < 0.05. Despite this significant improvement in pain severity, two thirds (66%) of the patients still judge their treatment as not sufficient. In conclusion, inpatient treatment of chronic pain has a long-lasting effect on the intensity of pain in patients suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain for more than 12 months. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20pain" title="chronic pain">chronic pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inpatient%20treatment" title=" inpatient treatment"> inpatient treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimodal%20pain%20treatment" title=" multimodal pain treatment"> multimodal pain treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=musculoskeletal%20pain" title=" musculoskeletal pain"> musculoskeletal pain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130697/two-weeks-of-multi-modal-inpatient-treatment-patients-suffering-from-chronic-musculoskeletal-pain-for-over-12-months" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11626</span> Distraction from Pain: An fMRI Study on the Role of Age-Related Changes in Executive Functions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katharina%20M.%20Rischer">Katharina M. Rischer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelika%20Dierolf"> Angelika Dierolf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20M.%20Gonzalez-Roldan"> Ana M. Gonzalez-Roldan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Montoya"> Pedro Montoya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernand%20Anton"> Fernand Anton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marian%20van%20der%20Meulen"> Marian van der Meulen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Even though age has been associated with increased and prolonged episodes of pain, little is known about potential age-related changes in the ˈtop-downˈ modulation of pain, such as cognitive distraction from pain. The analgesic effects of distraction result from competition for attentional resources in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a region that is also involved in executive functions. Given that the PFC shows pronounced age-related atrophy, distraction may be less effective in reducing pain in older compared to younger adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of aging on task-related analgesia and the underpinning neural mechanisms, with a focus on the role of executive functions in distraction from pain. In a first session, 64 participants (32 young adults: 26.69 ± 4.14 years; 32 older adults: 68.28 ± 7.00 years) completed a battery of neuropsychological tests. In a second session, participants underwent a pain distraction paradigm, while fMRI images were acquired. In this paradigm, participants completed a low (0-back) and a high (2-back) load condition of a working memory task while receiving either warm or painful thermal stimuli to their lower arm. To control for age-related differences in sensitivity to pain and perceived task difficulty, stimulus intensity, and task speed were individually calibrated. Results indicate that both age groups showed significantly reduced activity in a network of regions involved in pain processing when completing the high load distraction task; however, young adults showed a larger neural distraction effect in different parts of the insula and the thalamus. Moreover, better executive functions, in particular inhibitory control abilities, were associated with a larger behavioral and neural distraction effect. These findings clearly demonstrate that top-down control of pain is affected in older age, and could explain the higher vulnerability for older adults to develop chronic pain. Moreover, our findings suggest that the assessment of executive functions may be a useful tool for predicting the efficacy of cognitive pain modulation strategies in older adults. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=executive%20functions" title="executive functions">executive functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20pain%20modulation" title=" cognitive pain modulation"> cognitive pain modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fMRI" title=" fMRI"> fMRI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PFC" title=" PFC"> PFC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121921/distraction-from-pain-an-fmri-study-on-the-role-of-age-related-changes-in-executive-functions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121921.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11625</span> Comparison between Infusion Pumps: Fentanyl/Ketamine and Fentanyl/Paracetamol in Pain Control Following Tight and Leg Surgeries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Panahi">Maryam Panahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Adjuvants such as ketamine, promethazine, and paracetamol could bring up patient's satisfaction and control the harmful effects of opioids besides lessening their needed doses, as seen by the fentanyl/paracetamol and fentanyl/ketamine combination before. The current study is headed to compare paracetamol and ketamine, in addition to fentanyl, applied by infusion pumps in order to pain relief following major surgery. Materials and Methods: Through a double-blinded, randomized clinical trial, patients between18 and 65 with elective surgery for tight or leg fractures with ASA Class 1 and 2 referred to a university hospital in Arak, a town in the central region of Iran, were recruited and used infusion pump for their postoperative pain control. The participants were divided into cases and controls regarding using ketamine/fentanyl (KF) or paracetamol/fentanyl (PF) infusion pumps. Results: The mean pain score was a total of 3.87, with the highest value in KF (5.06) and the lowest in PF (4.50) immediately after finishing the surgery and getting conscious when started using an infusion pump. There was no statistical difference between the groups in this regard. Concerning the side effects of the applied medications, blood pressure and heart rate had no differences comparing the groups. Conclusion: This study showed that paracetamol used in infusion pumps could be brilliant in pain control after major surgeries like those done in lower extremities and joint replacement while lessening opioid use. Although paracetamol was more effective than ketamine in the current trial, more qualified studies at bigger sizes and in other fields of surgery besides orthopedic ones would be useful to support the effects if applicable <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infusion%20pump" title="infusion pump">infusion pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ketamine" title=" Ketamine"> Ketamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paracetamol" title=" Paracetamol"> Paracetamol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain" title=" pain"> pain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171013/comparison-between-infusion-pumps-fentanylketamine-and-fentanylparacetamol-in-pain-control-following-tight-and-leg-surgeries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11624</span> Effect of Magnetic Field in Treatment of Lower Back Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20F.%20El%20Shiwi">Ahmed M. F. El Shiwi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Low back pain affects about 60% to 90% of the working-age population in modern industrial society. Myofascial pain syndrome is a condition characterized by muscles shortening with increased tone and associated with trigger points that aggravated with the activity of daily living. Purpose: To examine the effects of magnetic field therapy in patients with lower back myofascial pain syndrome. Methods: Thirty patients were assigned randomly into two groups. Subjects in the experimental group (n=15) with main age of 36.73 (2.52) received traditional physical therapy program (Infrared radiation, ultrasonic, stretching and strengthening exercises for back muscles) as well as magnetic field, and control group (n=15) with main age of 37.27 (2.52) received traditional physical therapy only. The following parameters including pain severity, functional disability and lumbar range of motion (flexion, extension, right side bending, and left side bending) were measured before and after four weeks of treatment. Results: The results showed significant improvement in all parameters in the experimental group compared with those in the control group. Interpretation/Conclusion: By the present date, it is possible to conclude that a magnetic field is effective as a method of treatment for lower back myofascial pain syndrome patients with the parameters used in the present study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title="magnetic field">magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower%20back%20pain" title=" lower back pain"> lower back pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myofascial%20pain%20syndrome" title=" myofascial pain syndrome"> myofascial pain syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20systems%20engineering" title=" biological systems engineering"> biological systems engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23419/effect-of-magnetic-field-in-treatment-of-lower-back-myofascial-pain-syndrome-a-randomized-controlled-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23419.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11623</span> Effect of Rehabilitative Nursing Program on Pain Intensity and Functional Status among Patients with Discectomy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amal%20Shehata">Amal Shehata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low back pain related to disc prolapse is localized in the lumbar area and it may be radiated to the lower extremities, starting from neurons near or around the spinal canal. Most of the population may be affected with disc prolapse within their lifetime and leads to lost productivity, disability and loss of function. The study purpose was to examine the effect of rehabilitative nursing program on pain intensity and functional status among patients with discectomy. Design: Aquasi experimental design was utilized. Setting: The study was carried out at neurosurgery department and out patient's clinic of Menoufia University and Teaching hospitals at Menoufia governorate, Egypt. Instrument of the study: Five Instruments were used for data collection: Structured interviewing questionnaire, Functional assessment instrument, Observational check list, Numeric rating Scale and Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire. Results: There was an improvement in mean total knowledge score about disease process, discectomy and rehabilitation program in study group (25.32%) than control group (7.32%). There was highly statistically significant improvement in lumbar flexibility among study group (80%) than control group (30%) after rehabilitation program than before. Also there was a decrease in pain score in study group (58% no pain) than control group (28% no pain) after rehabilitation program. There was an improvement in total disability score of study group (zero %) regarding effect of pain on the activity of daily living after rehabilitation program than control group (16%). Conclusion: Application of rehabilitative nursing program for patient with discectomy had proven a positive effect in relation to knowledge score, pain reduction, activity of daily living and functional abilities. Recommendation: A continuous rehabilitative nursing program should be carried out for all patients immediately after discectomy surgery on regular basis. Also A colored illustrated booklet about rehabilitation program should be available and distributed for all patients before surgery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discectomy" title="discectomy">discectomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitative%20nursing%20program" title=" rehabilitative nursing program"> rehabilitative nursing program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20intensity" title=" pain intensity"> pain intensity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20status" title=" functional status"> functional status</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124192/effect-of-rehabilitative-nursing-program-on-pain-intensity-and-functional-status-among-patients-with-discectomy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11622</span> The Effect of Musical Mobile Usage on the Physiological Parameters and Pain Level During Intestinal Stomaterapy Procedure in Infants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilal%20Keskin">Hilal Keskin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%BClzade%20Uysal"> Gülzade Uysal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to determine the effect of bedside music mobile use on physiological parameters and pain level during intestinal stomaterapy in infants. The study was carried out with 66 babies (music mobile group: 33, Control group: 33) who were followed in the pediatric surgery and urology unit of Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital between December 2018- October 2019. Data were collected using the “Data Collection Form” and “FLACC Pain Scale.” They were evaluated using the appropriate statistical methods in the SPSS 22.0 program. The difference between the descriptive features of music mobile and control group was not significant (p> 0.05) groups are distributed homogeneously. When the in-group results were examined; There was no significant change in the mean values of Hearth Peak Beat (HPB), SpO2 and blood pressure of the infants in the music mobile group during stomaterapy (p>0.05). Body temperature and Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) Pain Scale scores were found to increase immediately after stomaterapy (p<0.05). It was found that the mean scores of KTA, body temperature and FLACC pain of the babies in the control group increased significantly after the stomaterapy and SpO2 value decreased (p <0,05). After 15 minutes from stomatherapy, KTA, blood pressure, body temperature and FLACC pain scores averaged; although SpO2 value increased, it was determined that it could not reach pre-stomaterapy value. Results between groups; KTA, SpO2, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, body temperature, and FLACC pain score mean values between groups were homogeneous before stomaterapy (p> 0.05). In the control group, a significant increase was found in the mean scores of KTA, body temperature and FLACC pain after stomaterapy compared to the bedside music mobile group, and a significant decrease in SpO2 values (p <0.05). In the control group, the mean body temperature and FLACC pain scores of the infants 15 minutes after stomaterapy were significantly increased and the SpO2 values were significantly lower than the bedside music group (p <0.05). According to the results of the research; The use of bedside music mobile during intestinal stomaterapy was found to be effective in decreasing the physiological parameters and pain level. It can be recommended for use in infants during painful interventions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intestinal%20stomatherapy" title="intestinal stomatherapy">intestinal stomatherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infant" title=" infant"> infant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=musical%20mobile" title=" musical mobile"> musical mobile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain" title=" pain"> pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physiological%20parameters" title=" physiological parameters"> physiological parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142381/the-effect-of-musical-mobile-usage-on-the-physiological-parameters-and-pain-level-during-intestinal-stomaterapy-procedure-in-infants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11621</span> Effectiveness of Office-Based Occupational Therapy for Office Workers with Low Back Pain: A Public Health Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dina%20Jalalvand">Dina Jalalvand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20A.%20Cleland"> Joshua A. Cleland</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This double-blind, randomized control trial with parallel groups aimed to examine the effectiveness of office-based occupational therapy for office workers with low back pain on the intensity of pain and range of motion. Seventy-two male office workers (age: 20-50 years) with chronic low back pain (more than three months with at least two symptoms of chronic low back pain) satisfied eligibility criteria and agreed to participate in this study. The absence of joint burst following magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) was considered as an important inclusion criterion as well. Subjects were randomly assigned to a control or experimental group. The experimental group received the modified package of exercise-based occupational therapy, which included 11 simple exercise movements (derived from Williams and McKenzie), and the control group just received the conventional therapy, which included their routine physiotherapy sessions. The subjects completed the exercises three times a week for a duration of six weeks. Each exercise session was 10-15 minutes. Pain intensity and range of motion were the primary outcomes and were measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after the end of the intervention using the numerical rating scale (NRS) and goniometer accordingly. Repeated measure ANOVA was used for analyzing data. The results of this study showed that significant decreases in pain intensity (p ≤ 0.05) and an increase in range of motion (p ≤ 0.001) in the experimental group in comparison with the control group after 6 and 12 weeks of intervention (between-group comparisons). In addition, there was a significant decrease in intensity of the pain (p ≤ 0.05) and an increase (p ≤ 0.001) in range of motion in the intervention group in comparison with baseline after 6 and 12 weeks (within-group comparison). This showed a positive effect of exercise-based occupational therapy that could potentially be used with low cost among office workers who suffer from low back pain. In addition, it should be noted that the introduced package of exercise training is easy to do, and there is not a need for a specific introduction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title="public health">public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=office%20workers" title=" office workers"> office workers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20back%20pain" title=" low back pain"> low back pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20therapy" title=" occupational therapy"> occupational therapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138353/effectiveness-of-office-based-occupational-therapy-for-office-workers-with-low-back-pain-a-public-health-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11620</span> Effectiveness of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Jellyfish Stings Treatment at the Emergency Room of Songkhla Hospital Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prataksitorn%20Chonlakan">Prataksitorn Chonlakan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tiparat%20%20Wongsilarat"> Tiparat Wongsilarat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The traditional clinical practice guideline used at the emergency room at Songkhla Hospital in caring for patients who come in contact with jellyfish venom took a long time for the pain to reduce to the level that patients can cope with. To investigate the effectiveness of clinical practice guidelines by comparing the effectiveness of a newly developed clinical practice guideline with the traditional clinical practice guideline in the following aspects: 1) pain reduction, 2) length of pain, 3) the rate of patient’s re-visit, 4) the rate of severe complications such as anaphylactic shock, and cardiac arrest, and death, and 5) patient satisfaction. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design. Thirty subjects were selected with purposive sampling from jellyfish-sting patients who came for treatment at the Emergency Room of Songkhla Hospital. The subjects were divided using random assignment into two groups of 15 each: an experimental group, and the control group. The control group was treated using the traditional clinical practice guideline consisting of rinsing the affected area with 0.9% normal saline, using a cloth soaked with vinegar to press against the affected area, and controlling pain using tramadol or diclofenac intramuscular injection. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-test at the significance level p < 0.05. The results of the study revealed the following. The pain level in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (the average pain score of the experimental group was 3.46 while that of the control group was 6.33) (p < 0.05).The length of pain in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (the average length of pain in the experimental group was 48.67 minutes while that of the control group was 105.35 minutes) (p < 0.05). The rate of re-visit within 12 hours in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (the rate of re-visit within 12 hours of the experimental group was 0.07 while that of the control group was 0.00) (p < 0.05).No severe complications such as anaphylactic shock, and cardiac arrest were found in the two groups of subjects.The rate of satisfaction among the subjects in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (the rate of satisfaction among the subjects of the experimental group was 90.00 percent while that among the control group was 66.33 percent) (p < 0.05). The newly develop clinical practice guideline could reduce pain and increase satisfaction among jellyfish-sting patients better than the traditional clinical practice guideline. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effectiveness" title="effectiveness">effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20practice%20guideline" title=" clinical practice guideline"> clinical practice guideline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jellyfish-sting%20patients" title=" jellyfish-sting patients"> jellyfish-sting patients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiac%20arrest" title=" cardiac arrest"> cardiac arrest</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23522/effectiveness-of-clinical-practice-guidelines-for-jellyfish-stings-treatment-at-the-emergency-room-of-songkhla-hospital-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11619</span> Postoperative Pain Management: Efficacy of Caudal Tramadol in Pediatric Lower Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Farahmand%20Rad">Reza Farahmand Rad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farnad%20Imani"> Farnad Imani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azadeh%20Emami"> Azadeh Emami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Salehi"> Reza Salehi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Reza%20Ghavamy"> Ali Reza Ghavamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Nima%20Shariat"> Ali Nima Shariat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: One of the methods of pain control after pediatric surgical procedures is regional techniques, including caudal block, despite their limitations. Objectives: In this study, the pain score and complications of caudal tramadol were evaluated in pediatrics following lower abdom- inal surgery. Methods: In this study, 46 children aged 3 to 10 years were allocated into two equal groups (R and TR) for performing caudal anal- gesia after lower abdominal surgery. The injectate contained 0.2% ropivacaine 1 mL/kg in the R group (control group) and tramadol (2 mg/kg) and ropivacaine in the TR group. The pain score, duration of pain relief, amount of paracetamol consumption, hemody- namic alterations, and possible complications at specific times (1, 2, and 6 hours) were evaluated in both groups. Results: No considerable difference was observed in the pain score between the groups in the first and second hours (P > 0.05). However, in the sixth hour, the TR group had a significantly lower pain score than the R group (P < 0.05). Compared to the R group, the TR group had a longer period of analgesia and lower consumption of analgesic drugs (P < 0.05). Heart rate and blood pressure differences were not significant between the two groups (P > 0.05). Similarly, the duration of operation and recovery time were not remarkably different between the two groups (P > 0.05). Complications had no apparent differences between these two groups, as well (P > 0.05). Conclusions: In this study, the addition of tramadol to caudal ropivacaine in pediatric lower abdominal surgery promoted pain relief without complications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tramadol" title="tramadol">tramadol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ropivacaine" title=" ropivacaine"> ropivacaine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caudal%20block" title=" caudal block"> caudal block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pediatric" title=" pediatric"> pediatric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower%20abdominal%20surgery" title=" lower abdominal surgery"> lower abdominal surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postoperative%20pain" title=" postoperative pain"> postoperative pain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184884/postoperative-pain-management-efficacy-of-caudal-tramadol-in-pediatric-lower-abdominal-surgery-a-randomized-clinical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184884.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">14</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11618</span> Case Report: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farah%20Al%20Zaabi">Farah Al Zaabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Amrani"> Sarah Amrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition that develops in an extremity following a fracture, soft tissue injury, or surgery. It is a neuropathic pain disorder that is accompanied by the characteristic skin manifestations that are needed for the diagnosis. We report the case of a 30 year old male, who has findings consistent with CRPS and has been followed for over two years by multiple specialties within the healthcare system without obtaining a diagnosis. The symptoms he presented with were treated based on the specialty he was seeing, rather than unified and recognized as a single disease process. Our case highlights the complexity of chronic pain, which can sometimes present with skin manifestations, and the importance of involving a pain specialist early for both the medical and physical recovery of CRPS patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20regional%20pain%20syndrome" title="complex regional pain syndrome">complex regional pain syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20pain" title=" chronic pain"> chronic pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20changes%20of%20CRPS" title=" skin changes of CRPS"> skin changes of CRPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dermatological%20manifestions%20of%20CRPS" title=" dermatological manifestions of CRPS"> dermatological manifestions of CRPS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128874/case-report-complex-regional-pain-syndrome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11617</span> Patterns of Change in Perception of Imagined and Physically Induced Pain over the Course of Repeated Thermal Stimulations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boroka%20G%C3%A1cs">Boroka Gács</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tibor%20Szolcs%C3%A1nyi"> Tibor Szolcsányi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%81rpad%20Csath%C3%B3"> Árpad Csathó</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Individuals frequently show habituation to repeated noxious heat. However, given the defensive function of human pain processing, it is reasonable to assume that individuals imagine that they would become increasingly sensitive to repeated thermal pain stimuli. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous studies have, however, been addressed to this assumption. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated how healthy human individuals imagine the intensity of repeated thermal pain stimulations, and compared this with the intensity ratings given after physically induced thermal pain trials. Methods: Healthy participants (N = 20) gave pain intensity ratings in two conditions: imagined and real thermal pain. In the real pain condition thermal pain stimuli of two intensities (minimal and moderate pain) were delivered in four consecutive trials. The duration of the peak temperature was 20s, and stimulation was always delivered to the same location. In each trial, participants rated the pain intensity twice, 5s and 15s after the onset of the peak temperature. In the imagined pain condition, participants were subjected to a reference pain stimulus and then asked to imagine and rate the same sequence of stimulations as in the induced pain condition. Results: Ratings of imagined pain and physically induced pain followed opposite courses over repeated stimulation: Ratings of imagined pain indicated sensitization whereas ratings for physically induced pain indicated habituation. The findings were similar for minimal and moderate pain intensities. Conclusions: The findings suggest that, rather than habituating to pain, healthy individuals imagine that they would become increasingly sensitive to repeated thermal pain stimuli. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=habituation" title="habituation">habituation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imagined%20pain" title=" imagined pain"> imagined pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20perception" title=" pain perception"> pain perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20stimulation" title=" thermal stimulation"> thermal stimulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57897/patterns-of-change-in-perception-of-imagined-and-physically-induced-pain-over-the-course-of-repeated-thermal-stimulations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11616</span> Effects of Virtual Reality on Relieving Postoperative Pain in Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingyu%20Ding">Lingyu Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongxia%20Hua"> Hongxia Hua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanfei%20Zhu"> Hanfei Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinling%20Lu"> Jinling Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qin%20Xu"> Qin Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Postoperative pain is a prevalent problem leading to many adverse outcomes in surgical patients. Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging non-pharmacological method of postoperative pain relief, but the effects of it are not clear. This review aimed to explore the effects of VR on relieving postoperative pain. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and other databases from inception to November 2019 to get the eligible studies. Meta-analyses were conducted to compare VR and usual care for relieving postoperative pain. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to explain the heterogeneity. Results: Overall, 8 randomized control trials (RCTs) enrolling 723 participants were included. Our results demonstrated that the patients receiving the VR intervention had lower postoperative pain scores than those receiving the usual care. One subgroup analysis revealed that VR could relieve postoperative pain both in minor surgery and major surgery. Another subgroup analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in postoperative pain among patients receiving VR during the intraoperative and the postoperative periods. However, there was no significant postoperative pain relief when receiving VR during the preoperative period. Additionally, significant improvements in postoperative satisfaction were reported in two studies. However, another two studies included found that VR could not affect physiological parameters related to pain. Conclusion: Applying VR can relieve postoperative pain effectively. The type of surgery and timing of using VR are the main sources of heterogeneity. More rigorous studies about the relationship between VR and postoperative pain relief will be needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-analysis" title="meta-analysis">meta-analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postoperative%20pain" title=" postoperative pain"> postoperative pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematic%20review" title=" systematic review"> systematic review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality" title=" virtual reality"> virtual reality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127722/effects-of-virtual-reality-on-relieving-postoperative-pain-in-surgical-patients-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11615</span> Comparison the Effectiveness of Pain Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy and Its Computerized Version on Reduction of Pain Intensity, Depression, Anger and Anxiety in Children with Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najmeh%20Hamid">Najmeh Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vajiheh%20Hamedy"> Vajiheh Hamedy </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Rostamianasl"> Zahra Rostamianasl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Cancer is one of the medical problems that have been associated with pain. Moreover, the pain is combined with negative emotions such as anxiety, depression and anger. Poor pain management causes negative effects on the quality of life, which results in negative effects that continue a long time after the painful experiences. Objectives: The aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of Common Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Pain and its computerized version on the reduction of pain intensity, depression, anger and anxiety in children with cancer. Methods: The research method of this “Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial” was a pre, post-test and follow-up with a control group. In this research, we have examined the effectiveness of Common Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Pain and its computerized version on the reduction of pain intensity, anxiety, depression and anger in children with cancer in Ahvaz. Two psychological interventions (cognitive behavioral therapy for pain and the computerized version) were compared with the control group. The sample consisted of 60 children aged 8 to 12 years old with different types of cancer at Shafa hospital in Ahwaz. According to the including and excluding criteria such as age, socioeconomic status, clinical diagnostic interview and other criteria, 60 subjects were selected. Then, randomly, 45 subjects were selected. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups of 15 (two experimental and one control group). The research instruments included Spielberger Anxiety Inventory (STAY-2) and International Pain Measurement Scale. The first experimental group received 6 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy for 6 weeks, and the second group was subjected to a computerized version of cognitive-behavioral therapy for 6 weeks, but the control group did not receive any interventions. For ethical considerations, a version of computerized cognitive-behavioral therapy was provided to them. After 6 weeks, all three groups were evaluated as post-test and eventually after a one-month follow-up. Results: The findings of this study indicated that both interventions could reduce the negative emotions (pain, anger, anxiety, depression) associated with cancer in children in comparison with a control group (p<0.0001). In addition, there were no significant differences between the two interventions (p<0.01). It means both interventions are useful for reducing the negative effects of pain and enhancing adjustment. Conclusion: we can use CBT in situations in which there is no access to psychologists and psychological services. In addition, it can be a useful alternative to conventional psychological interventions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain" title="pain">pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20intervention" title=" psychological intervention"> psychological intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title=" cancer"> cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anger" title=" anger"> anger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title=" anxiety"> anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161916/comparison-the-effectiveness-of-pain-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-and-its-computerized-version-on-reduction-of-pain-intensity-depression-anger-and-anxiety-in-children-with-cancer-a-randomized-controlled-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11614</span> An Examination of Low Engagement in a Group-Based ACT Intervention for Chronic Pain Management: Highlighting the Need for User-Attainment Focused Digitalised Interventions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orestis%20Kasinopoulos">Orestis Kasinopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Karekla"> Maria Karekla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasilis%20Vasiliou"> Vasilis Vasiliou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evangelos%20Karademas"> Evangelos Karademas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an empirically supported intervention for treating Chronic Pain Patients, yet its effectiveness for some chronic conditions or when adapted to other languages, has not been explored. An ACT group intervention was designed to explore the effectiveness of treating a Greek speaking heterogeneous sample of Chronic Pain patients with the aim of increasing quality of life, acceptance of pain and functionality. Sixty-nine patients were assessed and randomly assigned to an ACT or control group (relaxation techniques) for eight, 90-minute, sessions. Results are currently being analysed and follow-ups (6 and 12 month) are being completed. Low adherence rates and high attrition rates observed in the study, however point to the direction of future modified interventions. Such modifications may include web-based and smartphone interventions and their benefits in being implemented in chronic pain patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20pain" title="chronic pain">chronic pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ACT" title=" ACT"> ACT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet-delivered" title=" internet-delivered"> internet-delivered</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digitalised%20intervention" title=" digitalised intervention"> digitalised intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adherence" title=" adherence"> adherence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attrition" title=" attrition"> attrition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42264/an-examination-of-low-engagement-in-a-group-based-act-intervention-for-chronic-pain-management-highlighting-the-need-for-user-attainment-focused-digitalised-interventions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11613</span> Outcomes of Pain Management for Patients in Srinagarind Hospital: Acute Pain Indicator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chalermsri%20Sorasit">Chalermsri Sorasit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siriporn%20Mongkhonthawornchai"> Siriporn Mongkhonthawornchai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darawan%20Augsornwan"> Darawan Augsornwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudthanom%20Kamollirt"> Sudthanom Kamollirt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Although knowledge of pain and pain management is improving, they are still inadequate to patients. The Nursing Division of Srinagarind Hospital is responsible for setting the pain management system, including work instruction development and pain management indicators. We have developed an information technology program for monitoring pain quality indicators, which was implemented to all nursing departments in April 2013. Objective: To study outcomes of acute pain management in process and outcome indicators. Method: This is a retrospective descriptive study. The sample population was patients who had acute pain 24-48 hours after receiving a procedure, while admitted to Srinagarind Hospital in 2014. Data were collected from the information technology program. 2709 patients with acute pain from 10 Nursing Departments were recruited in the study. The research tools in this study were 1) the demographic questionnaire 2) the pain management questionnaire for process indicators, and 3) the pain management questionnaire for outcome indicators. Data were analyzed and presented by percentages and means. Results: The process indicators show that nurses used pain assessment tool and recorded 99.19%. The pain reassessment after the intervention was 96.09%. The 80.15% of the patients received opioid for pain medication and the most frequency of non-pharmacological intervention used was positioning (76.72%). For the outcome indicators, nearly half of them (49.90%) had moderate–severe pain, mean scores of worst pain was 6.48 and overall pain was 4.08. Patient satisfaction level with pain management was good (49.17%) and very good (46.62%). Conclusion: Nurses used pain assessment tools and pain documents which met the goal of the pain management process. Patient satisfaction with pain management was at high level. However the patients had still moderate to severe pain. Nurses should adhere more strictly to the guidelines of pain management, by using acute pain guidelines especially when pain intensity is particularly moderate-high. Nurses should also develop and practice a non-pharmacological pain management program to continually improve the quality of pain management. The information technology program should have more details about non-pharmacological pain techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outcome" title="outcome">outcome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20management" title=" pain management"> pain management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20pain" title=" acute pain"> acute pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srinagarind%20Hospital" title=" Srinagarind Hospital"> Srinagarind Hospital</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62842/outcomes-of-pain-management-for-patients-in-srinagarind-hospital-acute-pain-indicator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62842.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11612</span> Erector Spine Plane Block versus Para Vertebral Block in Brest Surgery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Widad%20Kouachi">Widad Kouachi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nacera%20Benmouhoub"> Nacera Benmouhoub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Erector spinae plane block (ESP) and thoracic paravertebral block (PVB) are two widely used regional anesthesia techniques in breast cancer surgery. Both techniques aim to improve postoperative pain management and reduce opioid consumption. However, comparative data on their efficacy in oncologic breast surgery remains limited. Objectives: This study aims to compare the efficacy of ESP and PVB in postoperative pain control, patient satisfaction, and opioid consumption in breast cancer surgery. Methods: A randomized, double-blind trial was conducted involving 100 patients undergoing oncologic breast surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: 50 received ESP, and 50 received PVB. Postoperative pain scores (at rest and during movement), opioid consumption, patient satisfaction, and hospital length of stay were recorded and analyzed. Results: Both ESP and PVB provided effective postoperative analgesia. No significant difference in pain scores was observed between the two groups within the first 24 hours. However, ESP showed a notable advantage in managing chronic postoperative pain at the 6-month follow-up. Opioid consumption was lower in both groups compared to patients without a block. No significant differences in complication rates or hospital stay were noted between the groups. Conclusion: ESP and PVB offer comparable efficacy for immediate postoperative pain control in breast cancer surgery. Nevertheless, ESP may have a superior role in managing long-term pain. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind the observed differences in chronic pain outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20assessment" title="pain assessment">pain assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brest%20surgery" title=" brest surgery"> brest surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bpv%20block" title=" bpv block"> bpv block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESP%20block" title=" ESP block"> ESP block</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191936/erector-spine-plane-block-versus-para-vertebral-block-in-brest-surgery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11611</span> A Study of Emergency Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes regarding Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liqun%20Zou">Liqun Zou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ling%20Wang"> Ling Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoli%20Chen"> Xiaoli Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: Through the questionnaire about emergency nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management to understand whether they are well mastered and practiced the related knowledge about pain management, providing a reference for continuous improvement of the quality of nursing care in acute pain and for improving the effect of management on emergency pain patients. Method: The Chinese version questionnaire about KASRP (knowledge and attitudes survey regarding pain) was handed out to 132 emergency nurses to do a study about the knowledge and attitude of pain management. Meanwhile, SPSS17.0 was used to do a descriptive analysis and variance analysis on collected data. Results: The emergency nurses’ correct answer rate about KASRP questionnaire is from 25% to 65% and the average correct rate is (44.65 + 7.85)%. In addition, there are 10 to 26 items being given the right answer. Therefore, the average correct items are (17.86 ± 3.14). Moreover, there is no statistical significant on the differences about the correct rate for different age, gender and work experience to answer; however, the difference of the correct rate in different education background and the professional title is significant. Conclusion: There is a remarkable lack of knowledge and attitude towards pain management in emergency nurses, whose basic knowledge of pain is sufficient. Besides, there is a deviation between the knowledge of pain management and clinical practice, which needs to be improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20nurse" title="emergency nurse">emergency nurse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain" title=" pain"> pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KASRP%20questionnaire" title=" KASRP questionnaire"> KASRP questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20management" title=" pain management"> pain management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70850/a-study-of-emergency-nurses-knowledge-and-attitudes-regarding-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20control&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20control&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20control&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20control&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20control&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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