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dynamometer</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: dynamometer"> <meta name="keywords" content="dynamometer"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="dynamometer"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 64</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: dynamometer</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> An Experimental Study of Automotive Drum Brake Vibrations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouby%20Ghazaly">Nouby Ghazaly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper investigates experimentally the effect coefficient of friction at different operation conditions on the variation of the brake temperature, brake force, and brake vibration with the braking time. All the experimental tests were carried out using brake dynamometer which designed and constructed in Vehicle Dynamic Laboratory. The results indicate that the brake temperature increases with the increase of the normal force and sliding speed especially with the increase of the braking time. The normal force has the effect on increasing the brake force. On the contrary, the vehicle speed has the effect on decreasing the brake force. Both the normal force and sliding speed affect the brake vibration according to the friction behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brake%20dynamometer" title="brake dynamometer">brake dynamometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient%20of%20friction" title=" coefficient of friction"> coefficient of friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drum%20brake%20vibrations" title=" drum brake vibrations"> drum brake vibrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20behavior" title=" friction behavior"> friction behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54502/an-experimental-study-of-automotive-drum-brake-vibrations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54502.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Correlation of Strength and Change in the Thickness of Back Extensor Muscles during Maximal Isometric Contraction in Healthy and Osteoporotic Postmenopausal Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Jan-Nataj%20Zeinab">Mohammad Jan-Nataj Zeinab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kahrizi%20Sedighe"> Kahrizi Sedighe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayat%20Noshin"> Bayat Noshin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giti%20Torkaman"> Giti Torkaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to the importance of the back extensor muscle strength in postmenopausal women, this study aimed to determine the relationship between strength and changes in the thickness of back extensor muscles during isometric contraction in healthy and osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Strength and thickness of the muscles of 42 postmenopausal women were measured respectively, using a handheld dynamometer and ultrasonography. Also, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between the strength and thickness. The results indicated a high reproducibility dynamometer test and ultrasonography. The decrease of strength in people with osteoporosis, occurred more through changes in muscle structure such as reducing the number and size of muscle fibers than changes in the nervous system part. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=back%20extensor%20muscles" title="back extensor muscles">back extensor muscles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness" title=" thickness"> thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteoporosis" title=" osteoporosis"> osteoporosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63291/correlation-of-strength-and-change-in-the-thickness-of-back-extensor-muscles-during-maximal-isometric-contraction-in-healthy-and-osteoporotic-postmenopausal-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Design and Development of Tandem Dynamometer for Testing and Validation of Motor Performance Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vedansh%20More">Vedansh More</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lalatendu%20Bal"> Lalatendu Bal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronak%20Panchal"> Ronak Panchal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atharva%20Kulkarni"> Atharva Kulkarni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The project aims at developing a cost-effective test bench capable of testing and validating the complete powertrain package of an electric vehicle. Emrax 228 high voltage synchronous motor was selected as the prime mover for study. A tandem type dynamometer comprising of two loading methods; inertial, using standard inertia rollers and absorptive, using a separately excited DC generator with resistive coils was developed. The absorptive loading of the prime mover was achieved by implementing a converter circuit through which duty of the input field voltage level was controlled. This control was efficacious in changing the magnetic flux and hence the generated voltage which was ultimately dropped across resistive coils assembled in a load bank with all parallel configuration. The prime mover and loading elements were connected via a chain drive with a 2:1 reduction ratio which allows flexibility in placement of components and a relaxed rating of the DC generator. The development will aid in determination of essential characteristics like torque-RPM, power-RPM, torque factor, RPM factor, heat loads of devices and battery pack state of charge efficiency but also provides a significant financial advantage over existing versions of dynamometers with its cost-effective solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorptive%20load" title="absorptive load">absorptive load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chain%20drive" title=" chain drive"> chain drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chordal%20action" title=" chordal action"> chordal action</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC%20generator" title=" DC generator"> DC generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamometer" title=" dynamometer"> dynamometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle" title=" electric vehicle"> electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertia%20rollers" title=" inertia rollers"> inertia rollers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20bank" title=" load bank"> load bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powertrain" title=" powertrain"> powertrain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse%20width%20modulation" title=" pulse width modulation"> pulse width modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduction%20ratio" title=" reduction ratio"> reduction ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20load" title=" road load"> road load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testbench" title=" testbench"> testbench</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107603/design-and-development-of-tandem-dynamometer-for-testing-and-validation-of-motor-performance-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Effect of Compressibility of Brake Friction Materials on Vibration Occurrence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Makrahy">Mostafa Makrahy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouby%20Ghazaly"> Nouby Ghazaly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Moaaz"> Ahmad Moaaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Brakes are one of the most important safety and performance components in automobiles and airplanes. Development of brakes has mainly focused on increasing braking power and stability. Nowadays, brake noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) together with brake dust emission and pad life are very important to vehicle drivers. The main objective of this research is to define the relationship between compressibility of friction materials and their tendency to generate vibration. An experimental study of the friction-induced vibration obtained by the disc brake system of a passenger car is conducted. Three commercial brake pad materials from different manufacturers are tested and evaluated under various brake conditions against cast iron disc brake. First of all, compressibility test for the brake friction material are measured for each pad. Then, brake dynamometer is used to simulate and reproduce actual vehicle braking conditions. Finally, a comparison between the three pad specimens is conducted. The results showed that compressibility have a very significant effect on reduction the vibration occurrence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automotive%20brake" title="automotive brake">automotive brake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20material" title=" friction material"> friction material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brake%20dynamometer" title=" brake dynamometer"> brake dynamometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressibility%20test" title=" compressibility test"> compressibility test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78445/effect-of-compressibility-of-brake-friction-materials-on-vibration-occurrence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78445.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> A Computational Study of the Effect of Intake Design on Volumetric Efficiency for Best Performance in Motorsport</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominic%20Wentworth-Linton">Dominic Wentworth-Linton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shian%20Gao"> Shian Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This project was aimed at investigating the effect of velocity stacks on the intakes of internal combustion engines for motorsport applications. The intake systems in motorsport are predominantly fuel injection with a plate mounted for the stacks. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics software, the relationship between the stack length and power and torque delivery across the engine’s rev range was investigated and the results were used to choose the best option for its intended motorsport discipline. The test results are expected to vary with engine geometry and its natural manufacturer characteristics. The test was also relevant in bridging between computational data and real simulation as the results show flow, pressure and velocity readings but the behaviour of the engine is inferred from the nature of each test. The results of the data analysis were tested in a real-life simulation on a dynamometer to prove the theory of stack length on power and torque delivery, which helps determine the most suitable stack for the Vauxhall engine for rallying in the Caribbean. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD%20simulation" title="CFD simulation">CFD simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Internal%20combustion%20engine" title=" Internal combustion engine"> Internal combustion engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Intake%20system" title=" Intake system"> Intake system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dynamometer%20test" title=" Dynamometer test"> Dynamometer test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70308/a-computational-study-of-the-effect-of-intake-design-on-volumetric-efficiency-for-best-performance-in-motorsport" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> The Study of Tire Pyrolysis Fuel in CI Diesel Engine for Spray Combustion Character and Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun%20Pao%20Kuo">Chun Pao Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi%20Tong%20Lin"> Chi Tong Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study explored atomization characteristics of tire pyrolysis fuel and its impacts on using three types of fuel: diesel oil mixed with 10% of tire pyrolysis fuel (called T10), diesel oil mixed with 20% tire pyrolysis (called T20), and consumer-grade diesel oil (D100). The investigators used the fuel for simulation and tests at various fuel injection timing, engine speed, and fuel injection speed to inspect impacts from fuel type on oil droplet atomization speed and output power. Actual vehicle tests were conducted using a 5-ton sedan (Hino) with 3660 cc displacement and a front-end inline four-cylinder diesel engine, and this type of vehicle is easily available from the market. A dynamometer was used to set up three engine speeds for the dynamometer testing at different injection timing and pressure. Next, an exhaust analyzer was used to measure exhaust pollution at different conditions to explore the effect of fuel types and injection speeds on output power in order to establish the best operation conditions for tire pyrolysis fuel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel%20engine" title="diesel engine">diesel engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exhaust%20pollution" title=" exhaust pollution"> exhaust pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20injection%20timing" title=" fuel injection timing"> fuel injection timing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tire%20pyrolysis%20oil" title=" tire pyrolysis oil"> tire pyrolysis oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31810/the-study-of-tire-pyrolysis-fuel-in-ci-diesel-engine-for-spray-combustion-character-and-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Development of Restricted Formula SAE Intake Manifold Using 1D and Flow Simulations Based on Track Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahil%20Kapahi">Sahil Kapahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Formula SAE competition is characterized by typical track layouts having slaloms, tight corners and short straights, which favor a particular range of engine speed for a given set of gear ratios. Therefore, it is imperative that the power-train is optimized for the corresponding engine rpm band. This paper describes the process of designing, simulating and validating an air intake manifold for an inline four cylinder four-stroke internal combustion gasoline engine based on analysis of required vehicle performance. The requirements for the design of subject intake were set considering the rules of FSAE competitions and analysis of engine performance patterns for typical competition scenarios, carried out using OPTIMUMLAP software. Manifold geometry was optimized using results of air flow simulations performed on ANSYS CFX, and subsequent effect of this geometry on the engine was modeled using 1D simulation on Ricardo WAVE. A design was developed to meet the targeted performance standards in terms of engine torque output and volumetric efficiency. Finally, the intake manifold was manufactured and assembled onto the vehicle, and the engine output of the vehicle with the designed intake was studied using a dynamometer. The results of the dynamometer testing were then validated against predicted values derived from the Ricardo WAVE modeling and benefits to performance of the vehicle were established. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1%20D%20Simulation" title="1 D Simulation">1 D Simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20flow%20simulation" title=" air flow simulation"> air flow simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSYS%20CFX" title=" ANSYS CFX"> ANSYS CFX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=four-stroke%20engine" title=" four-stroke engine"> four-stroke engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OPTIMUM%20LAP" title=" OPTIMUM LAP"> OPTIMUM LAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricardo%20WAVE" title=" Ricardo WAVE"> Ricardo WAVE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75416/development-of-restricted-formula-sae-intake-manifold-using-1d-and-flow-simulations-based-on-track-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Comparison of Isokinetic Powers (Flexion and Knee Extension) of Basketball and Football Players (Age 17–20)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ugur%20Senturk">Ugur Senturk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrah%C4%B1m%20Erdem%C4%B1r"> Ibrahım Erdemır</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faruk%20Guven"> Faruk Guven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuma%20Ece"> Cuma Ece</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to compare flexion and extension movements in knee-joint group by measuring isokinetic knee power of amateur basketball and football players. For this purpose, total 21 players were included, which consist of football players (n=12) and basketball players (n=9), within the age range of 17–20. After receiving the age, length, body weight, vertical jump, and BMI measurements of all subjects, the measurement of lower extremity knee-joint movement (Flexion-Extension) was made with isokinetic dynamometer (isomed 2000) at 60 o/sec. and 240 o/sec. angular velocity. After arrangement and grouping of collected information forms and knee flexion and extension parameters, all data were analyzed with SPSS for Windows. Descriptive analyses of the parameters were made. Non-parametric t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the parameters of football players and basketball players and to find the inter-group differences. The comparisons and relations in the range p<0.05 and p<0.01 between the groups were surveyed. As a conclusion, no statistical differences were found between isokinetic knee flexion and extension parameters of football and basketball players. However, it was found that the football players were older than the basketball players. In addition to this, the average values of the basketball players in the highest torque and the highest torque average curve were found higher than football players in comparisons of left knee extension. However, it was found that fat levels of the basketball players were found to be higher than the football players. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isokinetic%20contraction" title="isokinetic contraction">isokinetic contraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isokinetic%20dynamometer" title=" isokinetic dynamometer"> isokinetic dynamometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20torque" title=" peak torque"> peak torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexion" title=" flexion"> flexion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extension" title=" extension"> extension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=football" title=" football"> football</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basketball" title=" basketball"> basketball</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18790/comparison-of-isokinetic-powers-flexion-and-knee-extension-of-basketball-and-football-players-age-17-20" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> The Effects of a Circuit Training Program on Muscle Strength, Agility, Anaerobic Performance and Cardiovascular Endurance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wirat%20Sonchan">Wirat Sonchan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratoom%20Moungmee"> Pratoom Moungmee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anek%20Sootmongkol"> Anek Sootmongkol</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to examine the effects of a circuit training program on muscle strength, agility, anaerobic performance and cardiovascular endurance. The study involved 24 freshmen (age 18.87<u>+</u>0.68 yr.) male students of the Faculty of Sport Science, Burapha University. They sample study were randomly divided into two groups: Circuit Training group (CT; n=12) and a Control group (C; n=12). Baseline data on height, weight, muscle strength (hand grip dynamometer and leg strength dynamometer), agility (agility T-Test), and anaerobic performance (Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test) and cardiovascular endurance (20 m Endurance Shuttle Run Test) were collected. The circuit training program included one circuit of eight stations of 30/60 seconds of work/rest interval with two cycles in Week 1-4, and 60/90 seconds of work/rest interval with three cycles in Week 5-8, performed three times per week. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and independent sample t-test. Statistically significance level was set at 0.05. The results show that after 8 weeks of a training program, muscle strength, agility, anaerobic capacity and cardiovascular endurance increased significantly in the CT Group (p < 0.05), while significant increase was not observed in the C Group (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the circuit training program improved muscle strength, agility, anaerobic capacity and cardiovascular endurance of the study subjects. This program may be used as a guideline for selecting a set of exercise to improve physical fitness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circuit%20training" title="circuit training">circuit training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20fitness" title=" physical fitness"> physical fitness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20endurance" title=" cardiovascular endurance"> cardiovascular endurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20performance" title=" anaerobic performance"> anaerobic performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69026/the-effects-of-a-circuit-training-program-on-muscle-strength-agility-anaerobic-performance-and-cardiovascular-endurance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69026.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Effect of Fast and Slow Tempo Music on Muscle Endurance Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohit%20Kamal">Rohit Kamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devaki%20Perumal%20Rajaram"> Devaki Perumal Rajaram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajam%20Krishna"> Rajam Krishna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sai%20Kumar%20Pindagiri"> Sai Kumar Pindagiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silas%20Danielraj"> Silas Danielraj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: According to WHO, Global health observatory at least 2.8 million people die each year because of obesity and overweight. This is mainly because of the adverse metabolic effects of obesity and overweight on blood pressure, lipid profile especially cholesterol and insulin resistance. To achieve optimum health WHO has set the BMI in the range of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2. Due to modernization of life style, physical exercise in the form of work is no longer a possibility and hence an effective way to burn out calories to achieve the optimum BMI is the need of the hour. Studies have shown that exercising for more than 60 minutes /day helps to maintain the weight and to reduce the weight exercise should be done for 90 minutes a day. Moderate exercise for about 30 min is essential for burning up of calories. People with low endurance fail to perform even the low intensity exercise for minimal time. Hence, it is necessary to find out some effective method to increase the endurance time. Methodology: This study was approved by the Institutional Ethical committee of our college. After getting written informed consent, 25 apparently healthy males between the age group 18-20 years were selected. Subjects are with muscular disorder, subjects who are Hypertensive, Diabetes, Smokers, Alcoholics, taking drugs affecting the muscle strength. To determine the endurance time: Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured by asking the participants to squeeze the hand grip dynamometer as hard as possible and hold it for 3 seconds. This procedure was repeated thrice and the average of the three reading was taken as the maximum voluntary contraction. The participant was then asked to squeeze the dynamometer and hold it at 70% of the maximum voluntary contraction while hearing fast tempo music which was played for about ten minutes then the participant was asked to relax for ten minutes and was made to hold the hand grip dynamometer at 70% of the maximum voluntary contraction while hearing slow tempo music. To avoid the bias of getting habituated to the procedure the order of hearing for the fast and slow tempo music was changed. The time for which they can hold it at 70% of MVC was determined by using a stop watch and that was taken as the endurance time. Results: The mean value of the endurance time during fast and slow tempo music was compared in all the subjects. The mean MVC was 34.92 N. The mean endurance time was 21.8 (16.3) seconds with slow tempo music which was more then with fast tempo music with which the mean endurance time was 20.6 (11.7) seconds. The preference was more for slow tempo music then for fast tempo music. Conclusion: Music when played during exercise by some unknown mechanism helps to increase the endurance time by alleviating the symptoms of lactic acid accumulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endurance%20time" title="endurance time">endurance time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20tempo%20music" title=" fast tempo music"> fast tempo music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20voluntary%20contraction" title=" maximum voluntary contraction"> maximum voluntary contraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow%20tempo%20music" title=" slow tempo music"> slow tempo music</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50730/effect-of-fast-and-slow-tempo-music-on-muscle-endurance-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Exploration of Copper Fabric in Non-Asbestos Organic Brake-Pads for Thermal Conductivity Enhancement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishal%20Mahale">Vishal Mahale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayashree%20Bijwe"> Jayashree Bijwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujeet%20K.%20Sinha"> Sujeet K. Sinha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Range of thermal conductivity (TC) of Friction Materials (FMs) is a critical issue since lower TC leads to accumulation of frictional heat on the working surface, which results in excessive fade while higher TC leads to excessive heat flow towards back-plate resulting in boiling of brake-fluid leading to ‘spongy brakes’. This phenomenon prohibits braking action, which is most undesirable. Therefore, TC of the FMs across the brake pads should not be high while along the brake pad, it should be high. To enhance TC, metals in the forms of powder and fibers are used in the FMs. Apart from TC improvement, metals provide strength and structural integrity to the composites. Due to higher TC Copper (Cu) powder/fiber is a most preferred metallic ingredient in FM industry. However, Cu powders/fibers are responsible for metallic wear debris generation, which has harmful effects on aquatic organisms. Hence to get rid of a problem of metallic wear debris generation and to keep the positive effect of TC improvement, incorporation of Cu fabric in NAO brake-pads can be an innovative solution. Keeping this in view, two realistic multi-ingredient FM composites with identical formulations were developed in the form of brake-pads. Out of which one composite series consisted of a single layer of Cu fabric in the body of brake-pad and designated as C1 while double layer of Cu fabric was incorporated in another brake-pad series with designation of C2. Distance of Cu fabric layer from the back-plate was kept constant for C1 and C2. One more composite (C0) was developed without Cu fabric for the sake of comparison. Developed composites were characterized for physical properties. Tribological performance was evaluated on full scale inertia dynamometer by following JASO C 406 testing standard. It was concluded that Cu fabric successfully improved fade resistance by increasing conductivity of the composite and also showed slight improvement in wear resistance. Worn surfaces of pads and disc were analyzed by SEM and EDAX to study wear mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brake%20inertia%20dynamometer" title="brake inertia dynamometer">brake inertia dynamometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20fabric" title=" copper fabric"> copper fabric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-asbestos%20organic%20%28NAO%29%20friction%20materials" title=" non-asbestos organic (NAO) friction materials"> non-asbestos organic (NAO) friction materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity%20enhancement" title=" thermal conductivity enhancement "> thermal conductivity enhancement </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96533/exploration-of-copper-fabric-in-non-asbestos-organic-brake-pads-for-thermal-conductivity-enhancement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Effect of Different Knee-Joint Positions on Passive Stiffness of Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle and Aponeuroses during Passive Ankle Motion </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiyao%20Shan">Xiyao Shan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavlos%20Evangelidis"> Pavlos Evangelidis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Kositsky"> Adam Kositsky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naoki%20Ikeda"> Naoki Ikeda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasuo%20Kawakami"> Yasuo Kawakami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The human triceps surae (two bi-articular gastrocnemii and one mono-articular soleus) have aponeuroses in the posterior and anterior aspects of each muscle, where the anterior aponeuroses of the gastrocnemii adjoin the posterior aponeurosis of the soleus, possibly contributing to the intermuscular force transmission between gastrocnemii and soleus. Since the mechanical behavior of these aponeuroses at different knee- and ankle-joint positions remains unclear, the purpose of this study was to clarify this through observations of the localized changes in passive stiffness of the posterior aponeuroses, muscle belly and adjoining aponeuroses of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) induced by different knee and ankle angles. Eleven healthy young males (25 ± 2 yr, 176.7 ± 4.7 cm, 71.1 ± 11.1 kg) participated in this study. Each subject took either a prone position on an isokinetic dynamometer while the knee joint was fully extended (K180) or a kneeling position while the knee joint was 90° flexed (K90), in a randomized and counterbalanced order. The ankle joint was then passively moved through a 50° range of motion (ROM) by the dynamometer from 30° of plantar flexion (PF) to 20° of dorsiflexion (DF) at 2°/s and the ultrasound shear-wave velocity was measured to obtain shear moduli of the posterior aponeurosis, MG belly, and adjoining aponeuroses. The main findings were: 1) shear modulus in K180 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than K90 for the posterior aponeurosis (across all ankle angles, 10.2 ± 5.7 kPa-59.4 ± 28.7 kPa vs. 5.4 ± 2.2 kPa-11.6 ± 4.1 kPa), MG belly (from PF10° to DF20°, 9.7 ± 2.2 kPa-53.6 ± 18.6 kPa vs. 8.0 ± 2.7 kPa-9.5 ± 3.7 kPa), and adjoining aponeuroses (across all ankle angles, 17.3 ± 7.8 kPa-80 ± 25.7 kPa vs. 12.2 ± 4.5 kPa-52.4 ± 23.0 kPa); 2) shear modulus of the posterior aponeuroses significantly increased (p < 0.05) from PF10° to PF20° in K180, while shear modulus of MG belly significantly increased (p < 0.05) from 0° to PF20° only in K180 and shear modulus of adjoining aponeuroses significantly increased (p < 0.05) across the whole ROM of ankle both in K180 and K90. These results suggest that different knee-joint positions can affect not only the bi-articular gastrocnemius but also influence the mechanical behavior of aponeuroses. In addition, compared to the gradual stiffening of the adjoining aponeuroses across the whole ROM of ankle, the posterior aponeurosis became slack in the plantar flexed positions and then was stiffened gradually as the knee was fully extended. This suggests distinct stiffening for the posterior and adjoining aponeuroses which is joint position-dependent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aponeurosis" title="aponeurosis">aponeurosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plantar%20flexion%20and%20dorsiflexion" title=" plantar flexion and dorsiflexion"> plantar flexion and dorsiflexion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20modulus" title=" shear modulus"> shear modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20wave%20elastography" title=" shear wave elastography"> shear wave elastography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104429/effect-of-different-knee-joint-positions-on-passive-stiffness-of-medial-gastrocnemius-muscle-and-aponeuroses-during-passive-ankle-motion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Parametric Study and Modelling of Orthogonal Cutting Process for AISI 4340 and Ti-6Al-4V Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Purnank%20Bhatt">Purnank Bhatt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mit%20Shah"> Mit Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawan%20Nagda"> Pawan Nagda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vimal%20Jasoliya"> Vimal Jasoliya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of parameters like velocity and depth of cut on cutting forces is investigated for the empirical relation of the coefficient of friction derived for CRS 1018 for different materials like AISI 4340 and Ti6Al4V. For this purpose, turning tests were carried out on the above materials using coated cemented carbide tool inserts for steel grade and uncoated cemented carbide cutting tool inserts for Titanium with different chip breaker geometries. The cutting forces were measured using a Kistler dynamometer where the multiplication factor taken is 200.The effect of cutting force variation was analyzed experimentally and are compared with the analytical results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutting%20forces" title="cutting forces">cutting forces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient%20of%20friction" title=" coefficient of friction"> coefficient of friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbide%20tool%20inserts" title=" carbide tool inserts"> carbide tool inserts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium" title=" titanium"> titanium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66438/parametric-study-and-modelling-of-orthogonal-cutting-process-for-aisi-4340-and-ti-6al-4v-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Experimental Investigation of Hull Form for Electric Driven Ferry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasilij%20Djackov">Vasilij Djackov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomas%20Zapnickas"> Tomas Zapnickas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evgenii%20Iamshchikov"> Evgenii Iamshchikov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukas%20Norkevicius"> Lukas Norkevicius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rima%20Mickeviciene"> Rima Mickeviciene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larisa%20Vasiljeva"> Larisa Vasiljeva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the resistance and pitching values of the test of an electric ferry are presented. The research was carried out in the open flow channel of Klaipėda University with a multi-axis dynamometer. The received model resistance values were recalculated to the real vessel and the preliminary chosen propulsion unit power was compared. After analyzing the results of the pitching of the model, it was concluded that the shape of the hull needs to be further improved, taking into account the possible uneven weight distribution at the ends of the ferry. Further investigation of the hull of the electric ferry is recommended, including experiments with various water depths and activation of propulsion units. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20ferry" title="electrical ferry">electrical ferry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20tests" title=" model tests"> model tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20flow%20channel" title=" open flow channel"> open flow channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitching" title=" pitching"> pitching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159298/experimental-investigation-of-hull-form-for-electric-driven-ferry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Off-Line Parameter Estimation for the Induction Motor Drive System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han-Woong%20Ahn">Han-Woong Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In-Gun%20Kim"> In-Gun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Seok%20Hong"> Hyun-Seok Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Woo%20Kang"> Dong-Woo Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju%20Lee"> Ju Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is important to accurately identify machine parameters for direct vector control. To obtain the parameter values, traditional methods can be used such as no-load and rotor locked tests. However, there are many differences between values obtained from the traditional tests and actual values. In addition, there are drawbacks that additional equipment and cost are required for the experiment. Therefore, it is hard to temporary operation to estimate induction motor parameters. Therefore, this paper deals with the estimation algorithm of induction motor parameters without a motor operation and the measurement from additional equipment such as sensors and dynamometer. The validity and usefulness of the estimation algorithm considering inverter nonlinearity is verified by comparing the conventional method with the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20motor" title="induction motor">induction motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter" title=" parameter"> parameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=off-line%20estimation" title=" off-line estimation"> off-line estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverter%20nonlinearity" title=" inverter nonlinearity"> inverter nonlinearity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41238/off-line-parameter-estimation-for-the-induction-motor-drive-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> The Potential of Braking Energy Recuperation in a City Bus Diesel Engine in the Japanese JE05 Emission Test Cycle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grzegorz%20Baranski">Grzegorz Baranski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20Kacejko"> Piotr Kacejko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konrad%20Pietrykowski"> Konrad Pietrykowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariusz%20Duk"> Mariusz Duk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses a model of a bus-driving scheme. Rapid changes in speed result in a constantly changing kinetic energy accumulated in a bus mass and an increased fuel consumption due to hardly recuperated kinetic energy. The model is based on the results achieved from chassis dynamometer, airport and city street researches. The verified model was applied to simulate the mechanical energy recuperation during the Japanese JE05 Emission Test Cycle. The simulations were performed for several values of vehicle mass. The research results show that fuel economy is impacted by kinetic energy recuperation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20duty%20vehicle" title="heavy duty vehicle">heavy duty vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20bus" title=" city bus"> city bus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japanese%20JE05%20test%20cycle" title=" Japanese JE05 test cycle"> Japanese JE05 test cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic%20energy" title=" kinetic energy"> kinetic energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulations" title=" simulations"> simulations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81468/the-potential-of-braking-energy-recuperation-in-a-city-bus-diesel-engine-in-the-japanese-je05-emission-test-cycle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81468.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Simulation Research of City Bus Fuel Consumption during the CUEDC Australian Driving Cycle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Kacejko">P. Kacejko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Wendeker"> M. Wendeker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fuel consumption of city buses depends on a number of factors that characterize the technical properties of the bus and driver, as well as traffic conditions. This parameter related to greenhouse gas emissions is regulated by law in many countries. This applies to both fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. Simulation studies are a way to reduce the costs of optimization studies. The paper describes simulation research of fuel consumption city bus driving. Parameters of the developed model are based on experimental results obtained on chassis dynamometer test stand and road tests. The object of the study was a city bus equipped with a compression-ignition engine. The verified model was applied to simulate the behavior of a bus during the CUEDC Australian Driving Cycle. The results of the calculations showed a direct influence of driving dynamics on fuel consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Australian%20Driving%20Cycle" title="Australian Driving Cycle">Australian Driving Cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20bus" title=" city bus"> city bus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel%20engine" title=" diesel engine"> diesel engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20consumption" title=" fuel consumption"> fuel consumption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106701/simulation-research-of-city-bus-fuel-consumption-during-the-cuedc-australian-driving-cycle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> The Ratio of Second-to-Fourth Digit Length (2D:4D) and the Physical Ability in Men and Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marek%20Kociuba">Marek Kociuba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaros%C5%82aw%20Kurek"> Jarosław Kurek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The digit length ratio (2D:4D) is generally higher in women compared to men. Lower 2D:4D is linked with greater physical ability, strength, and better sporting performance. Second-to-fourth digit lengths ratio (2D:4D) is an indicator of PT exposure. Lower 2D:4D indicates higher PT exposure and vice versa. Methods: The objectives of this paper were to investigate the relationship of 2D:4D with physical fitness in men and women. The study compared 137 female and 174 male students from Wrocław. Besides calculating 2D:4D for each hand, height and weight were also recorded. Assessment of physical fitness and endurance were performed through Eurofit tests. Handgrip strength was measured by a standardized isometric dynamometer. Results: Male participants had significantly lower 2D:4D than females on each hand. A weak relationship between 2D:4D and the results of strength tests was found. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%3A4D" title="2D:4D">2D:4D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20fitness" title=" physical fitness"> physical fitness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prenatal%20testosterone" title=" prenatal testosterone"> prenatal testosterone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20dimorphism" title=" sexual dimorphism"> sexual dimorphism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151606/the-ratio-of-second-to-fourth-digit-length-2d4d-and-the-physical-ability-in-men-and-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Fuel Economy of Electrical Energy in the City Bus during Japanese Test Procedure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20Kacejko">Piotr Kacejko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukasz%20Grabowski"> Lukasz Grabowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zdzislaw%20Kaminski"> Zdzislaw Kaminski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses a model of fuel consumption and on-board electricity generation. Rapid changes in speed result in a constantly changing kinetic energy accumulated in a bus mass and an increased fuel consumption due to hardly recuperated kinetic energy. The model is based on the results achieved from chassis dynamometer, airport and city street researches. The verified model was applied to simulate the on-board electricity generation during the Japanese JE05 Emission Test Cycle. The simulations were performed for several values of vehicle mass and electrical load applied to on-board devices. The research results show that driving dynamics has an impact on a consumption of fuel to drive alternators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20bus" title="city bus">city bus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20duty%20vehicle" title=" heavy duty vehicle"> heavy duty vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japanese%20JE05%20test%20cycle" title=" Japanese JE05 test cycle"> Japanese JE05 test cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20generation" title=" power generation"> power generation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81532/fuel-economy-of-electrical-energy-in-the-city-bus-during-japanese-test-procedure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Correlation between Pinch and Grip Strength with Dexterity in Adult Hemiplegic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Abbsi">S. Abbsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Hadian"> M. R. Hadian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abdolvahab"> M. Abdolvahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jalili"> M. Jalili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Khafri"> S. Khafri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: According to physical effects of cardiovascular accident (CVA) which is the most common disabilities in adulthood. It seems attention to treatment and rehabilitation of this patient has importance. Hemiplegic patients have been experienced of wild functional disabilities. Numerous patients have been suffered from upper limb disabilities. Aim of this study correlation of pinch and grip strength with dexterity in adult hemiplegic. Methods: 34 adult hemiplegic in range of 50-70 years participate in this study. After introduce and take a satisfaction patient, pinch and grip strength have evaluated by dynamometer and dexterity have evaluated by Minnesota manual dexterity test and correlation effects of them have studied. Result: According to result of present investigation, patients with hemiplegia have shown significant correlation between dexterity with pinch and grip strength. Conclusion: Dexterity has correlation with pinch and grip strength, but it seems, not have correlation with age and duration of CVA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pinch%20strength" title="pinch strength">pinch strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grip%20strength" title=" grip strength"> grip strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dexterity" title=" dexterity"> dexterity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemiplegia" title=" hemiplegia"> hemiplegia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4045/correlation-between-pinch-and-grip-strength-with-dexterity-in-adult-hemiplegic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Analysis of Drilling Parameters for Al-Mg2-Si Metal Matrix Composite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Jahangir">S. Jahangir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20I.%20Jaffery"> S. H. I. Jaffery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Khan"> M. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Zareef"> Z. Zareef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Yar"> A. Yar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mubashir"> A. Mubashir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Butt"> S. Butt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Ali"> L. Ali </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, drilling responses and behavior of MMC was investigated in Al-Mg2Si composites. For the purpose Al-15% wt. Mg2Si, was selected from the hypereutectic region of Al- Mg2Si phase diagram. Based on hardness and tensile strength, drill bit of appropriate material and morphology was selected. The performance of different drill bits of different morphology and material was studied and analysed using experimental data. For theoretical calculations of axial thrust force and required power calculation, material factor “K” was obtained from different data charts and at the same time cutting forces (drilling forces) were practically obtained using a Peizo electric force dynamometer. These results show the role of reinforcement particles on the machinability of MMCs and provide a useful guide for a better control and optimized drilling parameters for the drilling process. Furthermore, in this work, comparison of MMC with non -reinforced Aluminum Alloy regarding drilling operation was also studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drilling" title="drilling">drilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20matrix%20composite%20%28MMC%29" title=" metal matrix composite (MMC)"> metal matrix composite (MMC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutting%20forces" title=" cutting forces"> cutting forces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thrust%20force" title=" thrust force"> thrust force</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38398/analysis-of-drilling-parameters-for-al-mg2-si-metal-matrix-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> The Modeling of City Bus Fuel Economy during the JE05 Emission Test Cycle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miroslaw%20Wendeker">Miroslaw Wendeker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20Kacejko"> Piotr Kacejko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcin%20Szlachetka"> Marcin Szlachetka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariusz%20Duk"> Mariusz Duk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses a model of fuel economy in a city bus driving in a dynamic urban environment. Rapid changes in speed result in a constantly changing kinetic energy accumulated in a bus mass and an increased fuel consumption due to hardly recuperated kinetic energy. The model is based on the bench test results achieved from chassis dynamometer, airport and city street researches. The verified model was applied to simulate the behavior of a bus during the Japanese JE05 Emission Test Cycle. The fuel consumption was calculated for three separate research stages, i.e. urban, downtown and motorway. The simulations were performed for several values of vehicle mass and electrical load applied to on-board devices. The research results show fuel consumption is impacted by driving dynamics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20bus" title="city bus">city bus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20duty%20vehicle" title=" heavy duty vehicle"> heavy duty vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japanese%20JE05%20test%20cycle" title=" Japanese JE05 test cycle"> Japanese JE05 test cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic%20energy" title=" kinetic energy"> kinetic energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81457/the-modeling-of-city-bus-fuel-economy-during-the-je05-emission-test-cycle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Optimization of Cutting Forces in Drilling of Polimer Composites via Taguchi Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eser%20Yarar">Eser Yarar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahri%20Vatansever"> Fahri Vatansever</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tamer%20Erturk"> A. Tamer Erturk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sedat%20Karabay"> Sedat Karabay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, drilling behavior of multi-layer orthotropic polyester composites reinforced with woven polyester fiber and PTFE particle was investigated. Conventional drilling methods have low cost and ease of use. Therefore, it is one of the most preferred machining methods. The increasing range of use of composite materials in many areas has led to the investigation of the machinability performance of these materials. The drilling capability of the synthetic polymer composite material was investigated by measuring the cutting forces using different tool diameters, feed rate and high cutting speed parameters. Cutting forces were measured using a dynamometer in the experiments. In order to evaluate the results of the experiment, the Taguchi experimental design method was used. According to the results, the optimum cutting parameters were obtained for 0.1 mm/rev, 1070 rpm and 2 mm diameter drill bit. Verification tests were performed for the optimum cutting parameters obtained according to the model. Verification experiments showed the success of the established model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutting%20force" title="cutting force">cutting force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drilling" title=" drilling"> drilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polimer%20composite" title=" polimer composite"> polimer composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi" title=" Taguchi"> Taguchi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102883/optimization-of-cutting-forces-in-drilling-of-polimer-composites-via-taguchi-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> The Effect of Physical Biorhythm Cycle on Health-Related Fitness Factors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leyli%20Khavari">Leyli Khavari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Yousefian"> Javad Yousefian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of physical biorhythm cycle on health-related fitness factors. For this purpose, 120 athlete and non-athlete male and female students were selected randomly and based on the level of physical activity divided into athletic and non-athletic groups. The exact date of birth and also when the subjects were in the positive, negative and critical physical biorhythm cycle was determined by calculation software biorhythm. The physical fitness factors tests, including Queens College Step Test, AAHPERD sit-ups; Wells stretch test and hand dynamometer. Students in three stages in positive, negative and critical physical cycle were tested. Data processing using SPSS software and statistical tests ANOVA with repeated measures and student t test was used for dependent. The results of this study showed that changes in physical fitness and physical biorhythm were not affected by changes in the 23-day physical cycle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AAHPERD%20test" title="AAHPERD test">AAHPERD test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biorhythm" title=" biorhythm"> biorhythm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20cycle" title=" physical cycle"> physical cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Queens%20College%20Step%20Test" title=" Queens College Step Test"> Queens College Step Test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73048/the-effect-of-physical-biorhythm-cycle-on-health-related-fitness-factors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73048.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Characteristics of Handgrip (Kumi-Kata) Profile of Georgian Elite Judo Athletes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belkadi%20Adel">Belkadi Adel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beboucha%20Wahib"> Beboucha Wahib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cherara%20lalia"> Cherara lalia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of Kumi-kata in elite judokas and characterize the kinematic and temporal parameters of different types of handgrip (HG). Method: fourteen participated in this study male athlete (23.5±2.61 years; 1.81±0.37 0 m; 87.25±22.75 kg), members of the Georgian Judo team. To characterize the dominance and types of kumi-kata used, videos of international competitions from each athlete were analyzed, and to characterize kinematic and temporal parameters and handgrip, and the volunteers pressed a digital dynamometer with each hand for 30 seconds(s) after a visual signal. Results: The values of 0.26±0.69s and 0.31±0.03s for reaction time were obtained, respectively, in the full grip and pinch grip; 19.62±18.83N/cm/s and 6.17±3.48N/cm/s for the rate of force development; 475,21 ± 101,322N and 494,65±112,73 for the FDR; 1,37 ± 0,521s and 1,45 ± 0,824s for the time between the force onset to the TFP; and 41,27±4,54N/cm/s and 45,16 ± 5,64N/cm/s for the fall index, in the dominant hand. There was no significant difference between hands for any variable, except for the dominance of Kumi-kata (p<0.05) used in combat. Conclusion: The dominance of application of the Kumi-kata is a technical option, as it does not depend on the kinetic-temporal parameters of the handgrip. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand%20grip" title="hand grip">hand grip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=judo" title=" judo"> judo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athletes" title=" athletes"> athletes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumi-Kata" title=" Kumi-Kata"> Kumi-Kata</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142125/characteristics-of-handgrip-kumi-kata-profile-of-georgian-elite-judo-athletes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Experimental Investigation on Effect of the Zirconium + Magnesium Coating of the Piston and Valve of the Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine to the Engine Performance and Emission</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erdin%C3%A7%20Vural">Erdinç Vural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B%C3%BClent%20%C3%96zdalyan"> Bülent Özdalyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serkan%20%C3%96zel"> Serkan Özel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The four-stroke single cylinder diesel engine has been used in this study, the pistons and valves of the engine have been stabilized, the aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) in different ratios has been added in the power of zirconium (ZrO<sub>2</sub>) magnesium oxide (MgO), and has been coated with the plasma spray method. The pistons and valves of the combustion chamber of the engine are coated with 5 different (ZrO<sub>2</sub> + MgO), (ZrO<sub>2</sub> + MgO + 25% Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), (ZrO<sub>2</sub> + MgO + 50% Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), (ZrO<sub>2</sub> + MgO + 75% Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) sample. The material tests have been made for each of the coated engine parts with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) using Cu Kα radiation surface analysis methods. The engine tests have been repeated for each sample in any electric dynamometer in full power 1600 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2400 rpm and 2800 rpm engine speeds. The material analysis and engine tests have shown that the best performance has been performed with (ZrO<sub>2</sub> + MgO + 50% Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>). Thus, there is no significant change in HC and Smoke emissions, but NOx emission is increased, as the engine improves power, torque, specific fuel consumption and CO emissions in the tests made with sample A3. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic%20coating" title="ceramic coating">ceramic coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20characterization" title=" material characterization"> material characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20performance" title=" engine performance"> engine performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exhaust%20emissions" title=" exhaust emissions"> exhaust emissions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61725/experimental-investigation-on-effect-of-the-zirconium-magnesium-coating-of-the-piston-and-valve-of-the-single-cylinder-diesel-engine-to-the-engine-performance-and-emission" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Effects of Tool State on the Output Parameters of Front Milling Using Discrete Wavelet Transform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruno%20S.%20Soria">Bruno S. Soria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mauricio%20R.%20Policena"> Mauricio R. Policena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andre%20J.%20Souza"> Andre J. Souza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The state of the cutting tool is an important factor to consider during machining to achieve a good surface quality. The vibration generated during material cutting can also directly affect the surface quality and life of the cutting tool. In this work, the effect of mechanical broken failure (MBF) on carbide insert tools during face milling of AISI 304 stainless steel was evaluated using three levels of feed rate and two spindle speeds for each tool condition: three carbide inserts have perfect geometry, and three other carbide inserts have MBF. The axial and radial depths remained constant. The cutting forces were determined through a sensory system that consists of a piezoelectric dynamometer and data acquisition system. Discrete Wavelet Transform was used to separate the static part of the signals of force and vibration. The roughness of the machined surface was analyzed for each machining condition. The MBF of the tool increased the intensity and force of vibration and worsened the roughness factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=face%20milling" title="face milling">face milling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steel" title=" stainless steel"> stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tool%20condition%20monitoring" title=" tool condition monitoring"> tool condition monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20discrete%20transform" title=" wavelet discrete transform"> wavelet discrete transform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109363/effects-of-tool-state-on-the-output-parameters-of-front-milling-using-discrete-wavelet-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Investigation of the Effects of Biodiesel Blend on Particulate-Phase Exhaust Emissions from a Light Duty Diesel Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Wang">B. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20H.%20Or"> W. H. Or</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.C.%20Lee"> S.C. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.C.%20Leung"> Y.C. Leung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Organ"> B. Organ</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents an investigation of diesel vehicle particulate-phase emissions with neat ultralow sulphur diesel (B0, ULSD) and 5% waste cooking oil-based biodiesel blend (B5) in Hong Kong. A Euro VI light duty diesel vehicle was tested under transient (New European Driving Cycle (NEDC)), steady-state and idling on a chassis dynamometer. Chemical analyses including organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), as well as 30 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 10 oxygenated PAHs (oxy-PAHs) were conducted. The OC fuel-based emission factors (EFs) for B0 ranged from 2.86 ± 0.33 to 7.19 ± 1.51 mg/kg, and those for B5 ranged from 4.31 ± 0.64 to 15.36 ± 3.77 mg/kg, respectively. The EFs of EC were low for both fuel blends (0.25 mg/kg or below). With B5, the EFs of total PAHs were decreased as compared to B0. Specifically, B5 reduced total PAH emissions by 50.2%, 30.7%, and 15.2% over NEDC, steady-state and idling, respectively. It was found that when B5 was used, PAHs and oxy-PAHs with lower molecular weight (2 to 3 rings) were reduced whereas PAHs/oxy-PAHs with medium or high molecular weight (4 to 7 rings) were increased. Our study suggests the necessity of taking atmospheric and health factors into account for biodiesel application as an alternative motor fuel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title="biodiesel">biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OC%2FEC" title=" OC/EC"> OC/EC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PAHs" title=" PAHs"> PAHs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20emission" title=" vehicular emission"> vehicular emission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134611/investigation-of-the-effects-of-biodiesel-blend-on-particulate-phase-exhaust-emissions-from-a-light-duty-diesel-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Experiment Study on the Influence of Tool Materials on the Drilling of Thick Stacked Plate of 2219 Aluminum Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20H.%20Li">G. H. Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Liu"> M. Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20J.%20Qi"> H. J. Qi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q.%20Zhu"> Q. Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Z.%20He"> W. Z. He</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The drilling and riveting processes are widely used in the assembly of carrier rocket, which makes the efficiency and quality of drilling become the important factor affecting the assembly process. According to the problem existing in the drilling of thick stacked plate (thickness larger than 10mm) of carrier rocket, such as drill break, large noise and burr etc., experimental study of the influence of tool material on the drilling was carried out. The cutting force was measured by a piezoelectric dynamometer, the aperture was measured with an outline projector, and the burr is observed and measured by a digital stereo microscope. Through the measurement, the effects of tool material on the drilling were analyzed from the aspects of drilling force, diameter, and burr. The results show that, compared with carbide drill and coated carbide one, the drilling force of high speed steel is larger. But, the application of high speed steel also has some advantages, e.g. a higher number of hole can be obtained, the height of burr is small, the exit is smooth and the slim burr is less, and the tool experiences wear but not fracture. Therefore, the high speed steel tool is suitable for the drilling of thick stacked plate of 2219 Aluminum alloy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2219%20aluminum%20alloy" title="2219 aluminum alloy">2219 aluminum alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thick%20stacked%20plate" title=" thick stacked plate"> thick stacked plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drilling" title=" drilling"> drilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tool%20material" title=" tool material"> tool material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77104/experiment-study-on-the-influence-of-tool-materials-on-the-drilling-of-thick-stacked-plate-of-2219-aluminum-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Machining Responce of Austempered Ductile Iron with Varying Cutting Speed and Depth of Cut</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prashant%20Parhad">Prashant Parhad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinayak%20Dakre"> Vinayak Dakre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20Likhite"> Ajay Likhite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jatin%20Bhatt"> Jatin Bhatt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work mainly focuses on machinability studies of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI). The Ductile Iron (DI) was austempered at 250 oC for different durations and the process window for austempering was established by studying the microstructure. The microstructural characterization of the material was done using optical microscopy, SEM and XRD. The samples austempered as per the process window were then subjected to turning using a TiAlN-coated tungsten carbide insert to study the effect of cutting parameters, namely the cutting speed and the depth of cut. The effect was investigated in terms of cutting forces required as well as the surface roughness obtained. The turning was conducted on a CNC turning machine and primary (Fx), radial (Fy) and feed (Fz) cutting forces were quantified with a three-component dynamometer. It was observed that the magnitude of radial force was more than that of primary cutting force for all cutting speed and for various depths of cut studied. It has also been seen that increasing the cutting speed improves the surface quality. The observed machinability behaviour was investigated in light of the microstructure of the material obtained under the given austempering conditions and a structure-property- co-relation was established between the two. For all cutting speed and depth of cut, the best machining response in terms of cutting forces and surface quality was obtained towards the centre of process window. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20window" title="process window">process window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutting%20speed" title=" cutting speed"> cutting speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depth%20of%20cut" title=" depth of cut"> depth of cut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31800/machining-responce-of-austempered-ductile-iron-with-varying-cutting-speed-and-depth-of-cut" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary 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