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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Swedish_dialects" title="Special:EditPage/Swedish dialects">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Swedish+dialects%22">"Swedish dialects"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Swedish+dialects%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Swedish+dialects%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Swedish+dialects%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Swedish+dialects%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Swedish+dialects%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2007</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Swedish dialects</b> are the various forms of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish language</a>, particularly those that differ considerably from <a href="/wiki/Standard_Swedish" title="Standard Swedish">Standard Swedish</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditional_dialects">Traditional dialects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swedish_dialects&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Traditional dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swedish_dialects.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Swedish_dialects.PNG/350px-Swedish_dialects.PNG" decoding="async" width="350" height="498" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Swedish_dialects.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the Swedish dialects traditionally spoken. (Even the northernmost part of Sweden now speaks Swedish, and the Estonian dialects are almost extinct.)</figcaption></figure> <p>The linguistic definition of a Swedish <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">traditional dialect</a>, in the literature merely called 'dialect', is a local variant that has not been heavily influenced by Standard Swedish and that can trace a separate development back to <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a>. Many of the genuine rural dialects have very distinct phonetic and grammatical features, such as plural forms of verbs or archaic <a href="/wiki/Case_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Case (linguistics)">case</a> inflections. These dialects can be nearly incomprehensible to most Swedes, and most of their speakers are also fluent in Standard Swedish. </p><p>The different dialects are often so localized that they are limited to individual <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parishes</a> and are referred to by Swedish linguists as <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">sockenmål</i></span> (lit. "parish speech"). They are generally separated into the six traditional dialect groups, with common characteristics of prosody, grammar and vocabulary.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The color represents the core area and the samples are from <i><a href="/wiki/Svenska_Dagbladet" title="Svenska Dagbladet">Svenska Dagbladet</a>'</i>s dialect project. </p> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/South_Swedish_dialects" title="South Swedish dialects">South Swedish dialects</a></b> (dark blue); (Skåne, Perstorps socken, N. Åsbo härad).</dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6tam%C3%A5l_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Götamål dialect">Götaland dialects</a></b> (red); (Västergötland, Korsberga socken, Vartofta härad, Skaraborgs län).</dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Svealand_Swedish" class="mw-redirect" title="Svealand Swedish">Svealand dialects</a></b> (dark green); (Uppland, Håtuna socken, Håbo härad).</dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Norrland_dialects" title="Norrland dialects">Norrland dialects</a></b> (light blue); (Västerbotten, Skellefte socken, Löparnäs).</dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Finland_Swedish" title="Finland Swedish">Finland Swedish</a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Swedish" title="Estonian Swedish">Estonian Swedish</a></b> (orange); (Finland, Österbotten, Sideby socken).</dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Gotlandic" title="Gotlandic">Gotland dialects</a></b> (light green); (Gotland, När Socken, Gotlands södra härad).</dd></dl> <p>The areas with mixed colors as stripes are transitional areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Pettersson_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pettersson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The parts in yellow with coloured dots represent various distinct dialect areas which are not easily defined as belonging to any of the six major groups above.<sup id="cite_ref-Pettersson_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pettersson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The areas west of the core for Norrland dialects, west of Svealand dialects and north of Götaland dialects are related to each of these, respectively, indicated by the colour of the dots. Samples from these areas: Jämtland, Föllinge socken<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (related to Norrland dialects), Dalarna, Älvdalens socken<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (related to Svealand dialects) and Värmland, Nordmarks härad, Töcksmarks socken<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (related to Götaland dialects). The dialects of this category have in common that they all show more or less strong Norwegian influences, especially the dialects in Härjedalen, Northwestern Jämtland and Northwestern Dalarna. Dialects often show similarities along traditional travelling routes such as the great rivers in Northern Sweden, which start in the mountains at the Norwegian border and then follow a South-Easterly path towards the <a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Sea" title="Bothnian Sea">Bothnian Sea</a>. The grey area does not have any independently developed Swedish dialect. </p><p>Here is a summary of some of the most important differences between the major groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Pettersson_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pettersson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="1"><i>Feature</i> </th> <th colspan="1"><i>South Swedish dialects</i> </th> <th colspan="1"><i>Götaland dialects</i> </th> <th colspan="1"><i>Svealand dialects</i> </th> <th colspan="1"><i>Norrland dialects</i> </th> <th colspan="1"><i>Finland Swedish dialects</i> </th> <th colspan="1"><i>Gotland dialects</i> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Diphthongs </th> <td>Secondary in most of the area </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>Primary everywhere, secondary in north </td> <td>Primary and secondary </td> <td>Primary and secondary </td></tr> <tr> <th>Long <i>a</i> > <i>å</i> </th> <td>Yes (secondary diphthong) </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes (changed back to long a in north) </td> <td>Only partially </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <th><i>p, t, k</i> > <i>b, d, g</i> </th> <td>In most of the area </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <th>Intervocalic <i>g</i> > <i>j</i> or <i>w</i> </th> <td>In most of the area </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ending vowel <i>-a</i> </th> <td>Remains </td> <td>Weakened in parts of the area </td> <td>Remains </td> <td>Vowel balance </td> <td>Vowel balance </td> <td>Weakened in most of the area </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dropping of <i>-r</i> in plur. </th> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td> <td>In north </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <th>Allophone of <i>r</i> </th> <td>Back </td> <td>Back and front </td> <td>Front </td> <td>Front </td> <td>Front </td> <td>Front </td></tr> <tr> <th>Postpos. poss. pron. </th> <td>No </td> <td>Only family words </td> <td>Only family words </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Only family words </td></tr> <tr> <th>Softening initial <i>g</i>, <i>k</i>, <i>sk</i> </th> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dropping of <i>-n</i> </th> <td>No </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Only in a small part of the area </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dropping of <i>-t</i> </th> <td>No </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <th>"Thick" <i>l</i>, also of <i>rd</i> </th> <td>No </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>restricted to some areas </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <th>Supradentals </th> <td>No </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>restricted to some areas </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dropping of <i>-de</i> in pret. </th> <td>In parts of the area </td> <td>In parts of the area </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Only <i>-e</i> is dropped </td></tr> <tr> <th>Prolong. vowel in short stemmed words, also in front of <i>p</i>, <i>t</i>, <i>k</i>, <i>s</i> </th> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td> <td>Some of the system of short stemmed words preserved </td> <td>Some of the system of short stemmed words preserved </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <th>Stem vowel <i>i, y</i> > <i>e, ö</i>, also in long stemmed words and in front of <i>i, u</i> </th> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <th>Vowel balance </th> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Note that this table does not hold for the distinct (dotted) or transitional (striped) areas. </p><p>Götaland dialects are mostly used in <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4sterg%C3%B6tland" title="Västergötland">Västergötland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalsland" title="Dalsland">Dalsland</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Halland" title="Halland">Halland</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%A5land" title="Småland">Småland</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterg%C3%B6tland" title="Östergötland">Östergötland</a> although they are also heard in <a href="/wiki/Bohusl%C3%A4n" title="Bohuslän">Bohuslän</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rmland" title="Värmland">Värmland</a> (a special case, in many ways), and <a href="/wiki/%C3%96land" title="Öland">Öland</a>. Examples of Götaland dialect features are <a href="/wiki/Vowel_reduction" title="Vowel reduction">vowel reduction</a>, vowel shortening in front of endings and loss of <i>-r</i> in suffixes (as in <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv-SE">hästa'</i></span> (<span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">hästar</i></span> = horses)). </p><p>A characteristic of Svealand dialects is the <a href="/wiki/Assimilation_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assimilation (linguistics)">coalescence</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar trill">alveolar trill</a> with following <a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">dental</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolar consonants</a> — also over word-boundaries — that transforms them into <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">retroflex consonants</a> that in some cases reduces the distinction between words (as for instance <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv-SE">vana</i></span> — <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv-SE">varna</i></span>, i.e. "habit" — "warn"). This feature is also found in <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">East Norwegian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">North Swedish</a> and in some dialects of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>. </p> <ul><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r/</span> + <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> → <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɭ]</span></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r/</span> + <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> → <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɳ]</span></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r/</span> + <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> → <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʂ]</span></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r/</span> + <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span> → <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʈ]</span></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r/</span> + <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d/</span> → <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɖ]</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swedish_dialects&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following dialect groups are sometimes classified as "Swedish" in the broadest sense (North Scandinavian):<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Gutnish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic Gutnish language">Archaic Gutnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_language" title="Dalecarlian language">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Finnish_Swedish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic Finnish Swedish language">Archaic Finnish Swedish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Swedish" title="Estonian Swedish">Estonian Swedish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Norrlandic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic Norrlandic language">Archaic Norrlandic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamtska_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamtska language">Jamtska</a></li></ul> <p>Dalecarlian is intermediate in some respects between East and <a href="/wiki/West_Scandinavian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="West Scandinavian languages">West Scandinavian</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Scanian_dialect" title="Scanian dialect">Scanian dialect</a> is southern East Scandinavian, along with <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jutlandic_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Jutlandic dialect">Jutish</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swedish_dialects&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_dialects" title="Norwegian dialects">Norwegian dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_dialects" title="Danish dialects">Danish dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scanian_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Scanian dialects">Scanian dialects</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swedish_dialects&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLeinonen2011" class="citation journal cs1">Leinonen, Therese (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.uio.no/osla/article/view/101">"Aggregate Analysis of Vowel Pronunciation in Swedish Dialects"</a>. <i>Oslo Studies in Language</i>. <b>3</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">75–</span>95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5617%2Fosla.101">10.5617/osla.101</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oslo+Studies+in+Language&rft.atitle=Aggregate+Analysis+of+Vowel+Pronunciation+in+Swedish+Dialects&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E95&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5617%2Fosla.101&rft.aulast=Leinonen&rft.aufirst=Therese&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.uio.no%2Fosla%2Farticle%2Fview%2F101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwedish+dialects" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pettersson-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pettersson_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pettersson_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pettersson_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPettersson1996">Pettersson (1996)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030211183157/http://www.svd.se/dynamiskt/Kultur/did_4400198.asp">"Jämtland, Föllinge socken (Litsmålen)"</a>. <i>Svenska Dagbladet</i>. 10 January 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.svd.se/dynamiskt/Kultur/did_4400198.asp">the original</a> on 11 February 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Svenska+Dagbladet&rft.atitle=J%C3%A4mtland%2C+F%C3%B6llinge+socken+%28Litsm%C3%A5len%29&rft.date=2003-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.svd.se%2Fdynamiskt%2FKultur%2Fdid_4400198.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwedish+dialects" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030211181140/http://www.svd.se/dynamiskt/Kultur/did_4370648.asp">"Dalarna, Älvdalens socken: När luffaren kom till fäboden"</a>. <i>Svenska Dagbladet</i>. 9 January 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.svd.se/dynamiskt/Kultur/did_4370648.asp">the original</a> on 11 February 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Svenska+Dagbladet&rft.atitle=Dalarna%2C+%C3%84lvdalens+socken%3A+N%C3%A4r+luffaren+kom+till+f%C3%A4boden.&rft.date=2003-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.svd.se%2Fdynamiskt%2FKultur%2Fdid_4370648.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwedish+dialects" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030211180445/http://www.svd.se/dynamiskt/Kultur/did_4400846.asp">"Värmland, Nordmarks härad, Töcksmarks socken: Ett slagsmål mellan svenskar och norrmän"</a>. <i>Svenska Dagbladet</i>. 10 January 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.svd.se/dynamiskt/Kultur/did_4400846.asp">the original</a> on 11 February 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Svenska+Dagbladet&rft.atitle=V%C3%A4rmland%2C+Nordmarks+h%C3%A4rad%2C+T%C3%B6cksmarks+socken%3A+Ett+slagsm%C3%A5l+mellan+svenskar+och+norrm%C3%A4n.&rft.date=2003-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.svd.se%2Fdynamiskt%2FKultur%2Fdid_4400846.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwedish+dialects" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammarströmForkelHaspelmathBank2022" class="citation web cs1">Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2022-05-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/nort3266">"North Scandinavian"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Evolutionary_Anthropology" title="Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220628094812/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/nort3266">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-06-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Glottolog&rft.atitle=North+Scandinavian&rft.date=2022-05-24&rft.aulast=Hammarstr%C3%B6m&rft.aufirst=Harald&rft.au=Forkel%2C+Robert&rft.au=Haspelmath%2C+Martin&rft.au=Bank%2C+Sebastian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fnort3266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwedish+dialects" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swedish_dialects&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPettersson1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pettersson, Gertrud (1996). <i>Svenska språket under sjuhundra år: En historia om svenskan och dess utforskande</i> (in Swedish). Lund: Studentlitteratur. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-44-48221-3" title="Special:BookSources/91-44-48221-3"><bdi>91-44-48221-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Svenska+spr%C3%A5ket+under+sjuhundra+%C3%A5r%3A+En+historia+om+svenskan+och+dess+utforskande&rft.place=Lund&rft.pub=Studentlitteratur&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=91-44-48221-3&rft.aulast=Pettersson&rft.aufirst=Gertrud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwedish+dialects" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swedish_dialects&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swedia.ling.gu.se/snabbmeny.html">More samples</a>, from many dialects not listed in this article. (Swedish site)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isof.se/arkiv-och-insamling/digitala-arkivtjanster/dialektkartan">Dialect map</a> with audio from the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Institute_for_Language_and_Folklore" title="Swedish Institute for Language and Folklore">Swedish Institute for Language and Folklore</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Swedish_language177" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Swedish" title="Standard Swedish">Standard Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_Swedish" title="Finland Swedish">Finland Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Swedish" title="Estonian Swedish">Estonian Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gammalsvenska" title="Gammalsvenska">Ukrainian Swedish (Gammalsvenska)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dialects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gotlandic" title="Gotlandic">Gotländska mål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6tam%C3%A5l_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Götamål dialect">Götamål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norrland_dialects" title="Norrland dialects">Norrländska mål</a>:</li> <li>Östsvenska mål: <i><a href="/wiki/Swedish_dialects_in_Ostrobothnia" title="Swedish dialects in Ostrobothnia">Ostrobothnian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svealand_Swedish" class="mw-redirect" title="Svealand Swedish">Sveamål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Swedish_dialects" title="South Swedish dialects">Sydsvenska mål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_dialects" title="Åland dialects">Åländska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_dialects" title="Stockholm dialects">Stockholmska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinkeby_Swedish" title="Rinkeby Swedish">Rinkebysvenska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_alphabet" title="Swedish alphabet">Alphabet</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">Å</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%84" title="Ä">Ä</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">Ö</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_orthography" title="Swedish orthography">Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_grammar" title="Swedish grammar">Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_phonology" title="Swedish phonology">Phonology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound"><i>sj</i>-sound</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Dialect_Alphabet" title="Swedish Dialect Alphabet">Dialect Alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Swedish" title="History of Swedish">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-European">Proto-Indo-European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_parent_language" title="Germanic parent language">Germanic parent language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Norse_language" title="Proto-Norse language">Proto-Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Swedish" title="Old Swedish">Old Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Swedish" title="Modern Swedish">Modern Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language#Contemporary_Swedish" title="Swedish language">Contemporary Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_literature" title="Swedish literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Swedish_literature" title="Early Swedish literature">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Reformation_and_Renaissance_literature" title="Swedish Reformation and Renaissance literature">Reformation and Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_enlightenment_literature" title="Swedish enlightenment literature">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Romantic_literature" title="Swedish Romantic literature">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_realism" title="Swedish realism">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_Swedish_literature" title="Modernist Swedish literature">Modernist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Modernist_poetry" title="Swedish Modernist poetry">poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_children%27s_literature" title="Swedish children's literature">Children's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Language_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Language Council">Swedish Language Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Languages_of_Finland" title="Institute for the Languages of Finland">Institute for the Languages of Finland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dictionaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a 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