CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91362d0f4a38797a',cH: 'g5ZXLukLjfdJh5jjw6ZRtfTt17sMc06GDdtsvABGZkM-1739799487-1.2.1.1-yr59myx3qDX_LIaT6AiE7Gexlv4_XmMQJ2mlAuO7NR7FpmN4NvlbbfY8UguBj6vY',cUPMDTk: "\/3101\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=xQECrPKEzPm0NYICklJwQ.r9L9Rssq8JCStwQ8_nPjk-1739799487-1.0.1.1-P7qy_45N5VNtny7fWjgxcKwQ_Pdaufa.RQaxrLjfSkk",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739799487',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/3101\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=xQECrPKEzPm0NYICklJwQ.r9L9Rssq8JCStwQ8_nPjk-1739799487-1.0.1.1-P7qy_45N5VNtny7fWjgxcKwQ_Pdaufa.RQaxrLjfSkk",md: "CWuNjslkQC_qunRPK5smlGhLIXjxj7Fn9nuhJPpM3xw-1739799487-1.2.1.1-KUD9L8Rv7XDp0Muj6sayA9UuGmaRtcJ6oL6sIKOH78cOopXk90KsLYxxU9IN6HPPt2o3HGuUghL54YUhNXQlg.Iic0LX.ccWXEyuAmbVAE.uDRh4pT1a.pBRWMo2W9LrOIJkVUQVoJFkdhWRiBzP4b8KSWydkskw4aaZTi270ySkIcqo2P5EG98.tkEVrWf9GNS0l29Elm9iBhaFdyW1gk66IO.QKuI2RNRm7wjwkebxN3PdfiWj2hIiesES_vJUSd5WlKxlcbafN_NBEmJIcRafg694u2XLaVHYcX_mdtNHYSxFskayhE_oqlRUHxJx5B2.Ucm9H1Vw64cAQrrQMMjy93EaTJ4ZHRqbYfDt51i9NbY_17b5t1qA2SCJX6AyNMtU5pnMSIqLoPpip5le79ShNzcV.btTHPoaR52Ctfp.eQ9vXKtfBE7XJucUs2RghX3LjryXtA_hIZng3z6AEn_RkRXkegUfsUqyymsWctWUE146YQKiEESKFDhZyOeGoVU.GEU0bwm7qDugdjj_kWAb4mAajyM8MftfSYv8M.dYDFybMvBBypDUnVPSZHcfkS_OurD2DzV7859i.3wUg13_c.X6fo2BQtOd0_DJlTVrhV0o0pM6ENtd9zqv7oT8oHkbH16_nUnukfehShUjT_GsUruAmbZgkyP6pvEq8HpVimvCjcf2QENdK7C0mJrXI1dToG9QL1TkYkc7AKFGZWXIvDxBqisj6MQwHIKJYhYDoAoFLw2C_G_9ZpdNy7R3_IhLtI5Tt07Z7.fb3gmOSICB.ZcLmWZlm6D5240oW5Pyo.NTTBA1AQlNcoHM7nuXZsMo_uDh4RgT5Fpy47YD8LcIBvTCX2cVeSV01OoWXZAVvG..2y7NZ6BsiW1HoLSCsatBHfy03.FppzsMVRTTxfqKhso4kqJVGfA_D1V3Br0OLVaKo.7E4jKm3.YHQNpubjdkVvVNLMbC4qi5oc3OaERcAd3zv3Qgm9KHeJ_S50uxtJLdsWsqF_2oQyoJ6r5nytLz7JQzflv4k.q_NasFJSiwJqjZNud4cqgrCxoiAbAUxMCyWty.grYmfhmh2t4rwikbrudDSsHARxGEo2BTndyLRHzCJm7i6F.5T0P.LyVBRLg2pkvvLSpRSWhRhM.Sr61mCCVlyxkfr8ddeIpi6_8KtypDWKQO6HVhXX2Oa8ZN6Iq7l6LmrCiRqIrwsh.ufKHCqhirisx.aadGBs_iyca3rg_BoBhlOlYLPHW43l_G76EkGsaLm3AZ1og4LXnrWT0PJRpKWGSnXExOxB88iUsZUcUAKk83tcSSbRzmyGYFPOy6XII3E7XWJOZ9hguhD_P6EyqUAE.07PdfMguBT0BswTANtj5YiBhdMNIDd5Z1EFR3a0WX953udnaXcamTqtEBELEsgHDSWkBF2AIWaEq7WgX0MsvpZV6JTR_BdNi7naQbjRwa6cq6ft0T3yhwax8z5G4oVzY8_GM8EGepKkVXtIvu8NOrLWaBdrkdKYrMpJuZrBecXgjfTCGiF1sPIvKPfN9k3mJQl4Lj9jcawKsytEdqzS5p8o4OcECNx1PeP.hq1tntNQyT9QnqVfLhUEVskY.gtqvARBIIA2RnEXQ8fo2y.bZWPtP00eXVeuBTJyE__BdDnX44yhtK0Mmfnzg2cGHYcUdanW7Uv2bZIVjSbgMjaxtpgvADCC8wWNxJr8bKmhNdwSu2aZ_4aG3LLQyxviH6ka9ZQFX3IDqaCQK708VOWLUrMZISnmPn730ng1DtHMPOcXbuWdWo3cT3hIpMoCEl09ryr797V8iEPdUXtBueHXdEP_rcRe14rL4MPTFcu3Bsh6TcZTcfowE30bJmAHBUR9r4PX.K_M1iig",mdrd: "zU1ws3bV1JhuppBwHjXy3Msu.4XSycvfJ0dhtSQ5g6M-1739799487-1.2.1.1-umRkMYBMegpehIt2byFMGzJNv1ZTvyuSr0P3aASk38xohTCZuS9lJlsdW30VsJ58io3dPc2N1y615rRmHdRVUwc.0EhB50o0Y1PBEn9Jf_tlAVlfo_d2tmsAoSIoPmnIbVEjToDJo7t9E7a6YP0atIFlSfwTiFLZkqacQThW2IQXA4G8B.NkCBiHg7JHAEWMS9hqUDIgfwhV1jtAmsOVrzz0gGPTcOPSmLrN7GkXR8Ev3cUE4PbsLTiRnmETwvZSpRYdtTjFLpm1UMcd91dunNLR8GnYKHYjAE5ou6dc6C4kiRIyhg5V6oclc74kF_yzatFSUAatXFGUtVSRe78mSf2YQVdoLhkuwRoKzY_7HbuHCrlXC85luSpVHXPY2GXmlyjFspHZhr0VgONLrHw9vNFa9K92klIpG6uVfFxno_tKm9oOBNHt.H6soiuFgn2_zijvXJ2fwYKvAZxdqCv1JY5bcdX04nYUP8_4.N3.AhEKYwLejMZoCG_a8htWwjyglSoqWRyAnPardcOB10S.vuD9XQWxeXkZz3869eT1mAeBTp4eH0qRwvbZP1uNtkBGWKP0jDuut5BlfpJkfuWuYK8Ec1RwaMgLckkQ4wwQByS0FN87ddiHsr2LUiMN2a2xL.jXNtpMEuSVC7O.c4RFpPH2yXurO7eqLHA7rocnCnWmkZxUsZrbFvbMbXb5dx.RbpYK.tLzKLknYcmk78Ndh2cgKBZTUAapAJyTMszLv3JntbfevsQe_lCCDAyPYo.cNVyScuwuEb_EtBF9LPmUYPYXpAyLx_r.5iz7PwY3TzK5oFpaUgaQn_UVYN6VCEvW6gASmo3mXhWNtdEeSCpF3Ru5LLaKWXYNTVN7vRl8v2wCNJ69uy5Or77gVhXW6hkX_QRBC_u8hMHcb.gIU6Ta5kegc1PC2Cv0W98d7LD8q8kLAgCzavMaFymOvqXT.n8XJMZhT9OG1FPE1OLPYn6nzyN3BV9hWIXBa2PoE_4ojvm3sJcAOaq8tosu8Ml9G4DSBONQBerPk4h2GCf2fnP23IpwPQaQVHCF2ikC66fRPCG_6fYBSMMQtdNR_OjULx4_MNE.gdoeugnmPUxBi38JIhQmWXWuma2N7x9sPl_PAYp_eumqecru6TR5.ftwvsGtqEHgtBzp5jcc3diZIePsziXHlbKWUtJ.nOVQhdrzwcaXJln7_QJIBFzKH57fU4S7gl4LC6w.YvnktDgwllgHNZePryibs0y1TgCzk17XybBBoyLCMjXffzQhTkCoXPX1C.hWMyODFS4trw067D0sWRwc9qVunZzJ6tZLrRInrooaSqB8nykKddcvhZBUofPMiIkAFK3RbUIJZdp9hdk0yur3VpDXlzdN1g8GIVx_iPOl9xA3cJwRw0V8OP7fhlTV0lW9z8T7HBkJ4fuh2aG53NJvhFIJ.z7DQFyEM0vYwaJ09b1olg6QTKRLDH.xuiqAbgytPYv3wThw_A8wH3Yhn4XBxUAWLkCrVIkirqDEks8VagMV87kOgZqmb5hTjLh154kZyxYUgvuaOE_pwOfX7BUpvy.fIEp5zXgQ4VXtst8QPdP7Yp20Qnbb7EQMZo33wZ9gZfvJyQrkQenr93Ug8.fgUEIwXZcVDXcR8Pg3TW0.vjxTk2opVxzt._Q8OgXguYdjVENRtyOn4D76TC1bof8EF_CRoRcIt_yqS1sleli6_jmmdxtPRKoyB9s6H6g_9y8rHJzWafCkmKKzEn9zUDzUA0I.o8q8pz_i8ill2Du6SIoz5tZtbzx_KqzCARvcmpT1lzvmgNdq7CRJUIy6tH_aeHIvwQ8D9pYLdMOel.JllLk8LnY.MOIzikRjZHwKakkymhrUwEZGeTrxkTZDbrvOQSgPJEApCRrcvBr6vSW_ea3GDjob.wfAUrye9X9pXqpvYWcPAywaqdf1njXhgY1thmtByWsTrdOtTiNY0DuZJPwJfpnOYXvAanUG.USUYVcatoEETEmeg1nDzLARSQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91362d0f4a38797a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/3101\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=xQECrPKEzPm0NYICklJwQ.r9L9Rssq8JCStwQ8_nPjk-1739799487-1.0.1.1-P7qy_45N5VNtny7fWjgxcKwQ_Pdaufa.RQaxrLjfSkk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>