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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dangerous materials definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dangerous_materials_definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_oxidizing_agents_and_their_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_oxidizing_agents_and_their_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Common oxidizing agents and their products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_oxidizing_agents_and_their_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Oxidizing agent</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AF" title="مؤكسد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مؤكسد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidante" title="Oxidante – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oxidante" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95" title="জারক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জারক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sng-h%C3%B2a-che" title="Sng-hòa-che – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sng-hòa-che" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Акісляльнік – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Акісляльнік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Затляняльнік – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Затляняльнік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Окислител – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Окислител" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidans" title="Oksidans – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Oksidans" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidant" title="Oxidant – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oxidant" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%B3%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Йӳçеклетекен – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йӳçеклетекен" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_%C4%8Dinidlo" title="Oxidační činidlo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oxidační činidlo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidationsmiddel" title="Oxidationsmiddel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oxidationsmiddel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidationsmittel" title="Oxidationsmittel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Oxidationsmittel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oks%C3%BCdeerija" title="Oksüdeerija – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Oksüdeerija" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CF%83%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Οξειδοαναγωγικά σώματα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οξειδοαναγωγικά σώματα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidante" title="Oxidante – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oxidante" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidanto" title="Oksidanto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oksidanto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidatzaile" title="Oxidatzaile – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oxidatzaile" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87" title="عامل اکسنده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عامل اکسنده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxydant" title="Oxydant – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oxydant" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidator" title="Oksidator – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Oksidator" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oibre%C3%A1n_ocsa%C3%ADdithe" title="Oibreán ocsaídithe – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oibreán ocsaídithe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94%EC%A0%9C" title="산화제 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산화제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Օքսիդիչներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օքսիդիչներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95" title="आक्सीकारक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आक्सीकारक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidans" title="Oksidans – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oksidans" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidator" title="Oksidator – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Oksidator" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossidante" title="Ossidante – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ossidante" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%9F" title="חומר מחמצן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חומר מחמצן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Тотықтырғыш – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тотықтырғыш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksid%C4%93t%C4%81js" title="Oksidētājs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Oksidētājs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidatorius" title="Oksidatorius – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oksidatorius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxid%C3%A1l%C3%B3szer" title="Oxidálószer – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oxidálószer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%8F%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഓക്സിഡൈസിംഗ് ഏജന്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓക്സിഡൈസിംഗ് ഏജന്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agen_pengoksidaan" title="Agen pengoksidaan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Agen pengoksidaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidator" title="Oxidator – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oxidator" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96%E5%89%A4" title="酸化剤 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="酸化剤" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidasjonsmiddel" title="Oksidasjonsmiddel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oksidasjonsmiddel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="آکسیڈائيز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آکسیڈائيز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utleniacz" title="Utleniacz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Utleniacz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comburente" title="Comburente – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Comburente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_oxidant" title="Agent oxidant – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Agent oxidant" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Окислитель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Окислитель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidizing_agent" title="Oxidizing agent – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Oxidizing agent" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%A9_%C4%8Dinidlo" title="Oxidačné činidlo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oxidačné činidlo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8E%D9%86" title="ھۆکاری ئۆکسێن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھۆکاری ئۆکسێن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksidacioni_agens" title="Oksidacioni agens – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidizer&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidizer">Oxidizer</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound used to oxidize another substance in a chemical reaction</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg/125px-GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg/188px-GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg/250px-GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labeling_of_Chemicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals">international</a> <a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_pictograms" title="GHS hazard pictograms">pictogram</a> for oxidizing chemicals.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DOT_hazmat_class_5.1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/DOT_hazmat_class_5.1.svg/125px-DOT_hazmat_class_5.1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/DOT_hazmat_class_5.1.svg/188px-DOT_hazmat_class_5.1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/DOT_hazmat_class_5.1.svg/250px-DOT_hazmat_class_5.1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="90" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dangerous_goods" title="Dangerous goods">Dangerous goods</a> label for oxidizing agents</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>oxidizing agent</b> (also known as an <b>oxidant</b>, <b>oxidizer</b>, <b>electron recipient</b>, or <b>electron acceptor</b>) is a substance in a <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">redox</a> chemical reaction that gains or "<a href="/wiki/Electron_acceptor" title="Electron acceptor">accepts</a>"/"receives" an <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electron</a> from a <em><a href="/wiki/Reducing_agent" title="Reducing agent">reducing agent</a></em> (called the <em>reductant</em>, <em>reducer</em>, or <i>electron donor</i>). In other words, an oxidizer is any substance that <a href="/wiki/Oxidize" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidize">oxidizes</a> another substance. The <a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">oxidation state</a>, which describes the degree of loss of <a href="/wiki/Electrons" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrons">electrons</a>, of the oxidizer decreases while that of the reductant increases; this is expressed by saying that oxidizers "undergo reduction" and "are reduced" while reducers "undergo oxidation" and "are oxidized". Common oxidizing agents are <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">hydrogen peroxide</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogens</a>. </p><p>In one sense, an oxidizing agent is a chemical species that undergoes a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_reaction" title="Chemical reaction">chemical reaction</a> in which it gains one or more electrons. In that sense, it is one component in an <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">oxidation–reduction</a> (redox) reaction. In the second sense, an oxidizing agent is a chemical species that transfers electronegative atoms, usually oxygen, to a substrate. <a href="/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion">Combustion</a>, many explosives, and <a href="/wiki/Organic_redox_reaction" title="Organic redox reaction">organic redox reactions</a> involve atom-transfer reactions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electron_acceptors">Electron acceptors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidizing_agent&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Electron acceptors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Redox_example.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Redox_example.svg/170px-Redox_example.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Redox_example.svg/255px-Redox_example.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Redox_example.svg/340px-Redox_example.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="910" /></a><figcaption>Example of a <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">reduction–oxidation</a> reaction between sodium and chlorine, with the <span class="nowrap"><i>OIL RIG</i></span> mnemonic<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tetracyanoquinodimethane_Formula_V.1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tetracyanoquinodimethane_Formula_V.1.svg/100px-Tetracyanoquinodimethane_Formula_V.1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tetracyanoquinodimethane_Formula_V.1.svg/150px-Tetracyanoquinodimethane_Formula_V.1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tetracyanoquinodimethane_Formula_V.1.svg/200px-Tetracyanoquinodimethane_Formula_V.1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="176" data-file-height="291" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tetracyanoquinodimethane" title="Tetracyanoquinodimethane">Tetracyanoquinodimethane</a> is an organic electron-acceptor.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Electron_acceptor" title="Electron acceptor">Electron acceptors</a> participate in <a href="/wiki/Electron-transfer_reactions" class="mw-redirect" title="Electron-transfer reactions">electron-transfer reactions</a>. In this context, the oxidizing agent is called an <i>electron acceptor</i> and the reducing agent is called an <i>electron donor</i>. A classic oxidizing agent is the <a href="/wiki/Ferrocenium_tetrafluoroborate" title="Ferrocenium tetrafluoroborate">ferrocenium</a> ion <span class="chemf nowrap">Fe(C<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">5</sub></span></span>H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">5</sub></span></span>)<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span>, which accepts an electron to form Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. One of the strongest acceptors commercially available is "<a href="/wiki/Magic_blue" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic blue">Magic blue</a>", the radical cation derived from N(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>-4-Br)<sub>3</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-Geiger_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geiger-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Extensive tabulations of ranking the electron accepting properties of various reagents (redox potentials) are available, see <a href="/wiki/Standard_electrode_potential_(data_page)" title="Standard electrode potential (data page)">Standard electrode potential (data page)</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atom-transfer_reagents">Atom-transfer reagents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidizing_agent&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Atom-transfer reagents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In more common usage, an oxidizing agent transfers oxygen atoms to a substrate. In this context, the oxidizing agent can be called an oxygenation reagent or oxygen-atom transfer (OAT) agent.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples include <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Permanganate" title="Permanganate">permanganate</a>), <span class="chemf nowrap">CrO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Chromate_ion" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromate ion">chromate</a>), OsO<sub>4</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Osmium_tetroxide" title="Osmium tetroxide">osmium tetroxide</a>), and especially <span class="chemf nowrap">ClO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Perchlorate" title="Perchlorate">perchlorate</a>). Notice that these species are all <a href="/wiki/Oxide" title="Oxide">oxides</a>. </p><p>In some cases, these oxides can also serve as electron acceptors, as illustrated by the conversion of <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> to <span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span>,ie <a href="/wiki/Permanganate" title="Permanganate">permanganate</a> to <a href="/wiki/Manganate" title="Manganate">manganate</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_oxidizing_agents">Common oxidizing agents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidizing_agent&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Common oxidizing agents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">Oxygen</a> (O<sub>2</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone" title="Ozone">Ozone</a> (O<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">Hydrogen peroxide</a> (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and other inorganic <a href="/wiki/Peroxide" title="Peroxide">peroxides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fenton%27s_reagent" title="Fenton's reagent">Fenton's reagent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">Fluorine</a> (F<sub>2</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a> (Cl<sub>2</sub>), and other <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">Nitric acid</a> (HNO<sub>3</sub>) and <a href="/wiki/Nitrate" title="Nitrate">nitrate</a> compounds such as <a href="/wiki/Potassium_nitrate" title="Potassium nitrate">potassium nitrate</a> (KNO<sub>3</sub>), the oxidizer in <a href="/wiki/Black_powder" class="mw-redirect" title="Black powder">black powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_chlorate" title="Potassium chlorate">Potassium chlorate</a> (KClO<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxydisulfuric_acid" title="Peroxydisulfuric acid">Peroxydisulfuric acid</a> (H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxymonosulfuric_acid" title="Peroxymonosulfuric acid">Peroxymonosulfuric acid</a> (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>5</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypochlorite" title="Hypochlorite">Hypochlorite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlorite" title="Chlorite">chlorite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlorate" title="Chlorate">chlorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perchlorate" title="Perchlorate">perchlorate</a>, and other analogous <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogen</a> oxyanions</li> <li>Fluorides of <a href="/wiki/Chlorine_fluoride" title="Chlorine fluoride">chlorine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bromine_fluoride" title="Bromine fluoride">bromine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iodine_fluoride" title="Iodine fluoride">iodine</a></li> <li>Hexavalent <a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">chromium</a> compounds such as <a href="/wiki/Chromic_acid" title="Chromic acid">chromic and dichromic acids and chromium trioxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyridinium_chlorochromate" title="Pyridinium chlorochromate">pyridinium chlorochromate</a> (PCC), and <a href="/wiki/Chromate_and_dichromate" title="Chromate and dichromate">chromate/dichromate</a> compounds such as <a href="/wiki/Sodium_dichromate" title="Sodium dichromate">Sodium dichromate</a> (Na<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanganate" title="Permanganate">Permanganate</a> compounds such as <a href="/wiki/Potassium_permanganate" title="Potassium permanganate">potassium permanganate</a> (KMnO<sub>4</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_perborate" title="Sodium perborate">Sodium perborate</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">[Na<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>]<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span>·<span class="chemf nowrap">[B<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span>(OH)<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span>]<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">Nitrous oxide</a> (N<sub>2</sub>O), <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide" title="Nitrogen dioxide">Nitrogen dioxide</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide" title="Dinitrogen tetroxide">Dinitrogen tetroxide</a> (NO<sub>2</sub> / N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_bismuthate" title="Sodium bismuthate">Sodium bismuthate</a> (NaBiO<sub>3</sub>)</li> <li>Cerium (IV) compounds such as <a href="/wiki/Ceric_ammonium_nitrate" title="Ceric ammonium nitrate">ceric ammonium nitrate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ceric_sulfate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceric sulfate">ceric sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_dioxide" title="Lead dioxide">Lead dioxide</a> (PbO<sub>2</sub>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dangerous_materials_definition">Dangerous materials definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidizing_agent&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dangerous materials definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/HAZMAT_Class_5_Oxidizing_agents_and_organic_peroxides" title="HAZMAT Class 5 Oxidizing agents and organic peroxides">HAZMAT Class 5 Oxidizing agents and organic peroxides</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Dangerous_goods" title="Dangerous goods">dangerous goods</a> definition of an oxidizing agent is a substance that can cause or contribute to the combustion of other material.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this definition some materials that are classified as oxidizing agents by analytical chemists are not classified as oxidizing agents in a dangerous materials sense. An example is <a href="/wiki/Potassium_dichromate" title="Potassium dichromate">potassium dichromate</a>, which does not pass the dangerous goods test of an oxidizing agent. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Transportation">U.S. Department of Transportation</a> defines oxidizing agents specifically. There are two definitions for oxidizing agents governed under DOT regulations. These two are <a href="/wiki/HAZMAT_Class_5_Oxidizing_agents_and_organic_peroxides" title="HAZMAT Class 5 Oxidizing agents and organic peroxides">Class 5</a>; Division 5.1(a)1 and Class 5; Division 5.1(a)2. Division 5.1 "means a material that may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other materials." Division 5.(a)1 of the DOT code applies to solid oxidizers "if, when tested in accordance with the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter), its mean burning time is less than or equal to the burning time of a 3:7 potassium bromate/cellulose mixture." 5.1(a)2 of the DOT code applies to liquid oxidizers "if, when tested in accordance with the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, it spontaneously ignites or its mean time for a pressure rise from 690 kPa to 2070 kPa gauge is less than the time of a 1:1 nitric acid (65 percent)/cellulose mixture."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_oxidizing_agents_and_their_products">Common oxidizing agents and their products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidizing_agent&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Common oxidizing agents and their products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Agent </th> <th>Product(s) </th></tr> <tr> <td>O<sub>2</sub> <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> </td> <td>Various, including the oxides H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>O<sub>3</sub> <a href="/wiki/Ozone" title="Ozone">ozone</a> </td> <td>Various, including ketones, aldehydes, and H<sub>2</sub>O; see <a href="/wiki/Ozonolysis" title="Ozonolysis">ozonolysis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>F<sub>2</sub> <a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">fluorine</a> </td> <td>F<sup>−</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cl<sub>2</sub> <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a> </td> <td>Cl<sup>−</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Br<sub>2</sub> <a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">bromine</a> </td> <td>Br<sup>−</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I<sub>2</sub> <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a> </td> <td>I<sup>−</sup>, <span class="chemf nowrap">I<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ClO<sup>−</sup> <a href="/wiki/Hypochlorite" title="Hypochlorite">hypochlorite</a> </td> <td>Cl<sup>−</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="chemf nowrap">ClO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chlorate" title="Chlorate">chlorate</a> </td> <td>Cl<sup>−</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O </td></tr> <tr> <td>HNO<sub>3</sub> <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acid</a> </td> <td>NO <a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">nitric oxide</a><br />NO<sub>2</sub> <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide" title="Nitrogen dioxide">nitrogen dioxide</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SO<sub>2</sub> <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">sulfur dioxide</a> </td> <td>S <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Claus_process" title="Claus process">Claus process</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultramarine" title="Ultramarine">ultramarine</a> production, more commonly reducing agent) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hexavalent chromium<br />CrO<sub>3</sub> <a href="/wiki/Chromium_trioxide" title="Chromium trioxide">chromium trioxide</a><br /><span class="chemf nowrap">CrO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chromate_ion" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromate ion">chromate</a> <br /><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">7</sub></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dichromate" class="mw-redirect" title="Dichromate">dichromate</a> </td> <td>Cr<sup>3+</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Permanganate" title="Permanganate">permanganate</a><br /><span class="chemf nowrap">MnO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Manganate" title="Manganate">manganate</a> </td> <td>Mn<sup>2+</sup> (acidic) or<br />MnO<sub>2</sub> (basic) </td></tr> <tr> <td>SbF<sub>5</sub> <a href="/wiki/Antimony_pentafluoride" title="Antimony pentafluoride">antimony pentafluoride</a> </td> <td>SbF<sub>6</sub><sup>-</sup> <a href="/wiki/Hexafluoroantimonate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexafluoroantimonate">hexafluoroantimonate</a> or SbF<sub>3</sub> <a href="/wiki/Antimony_trifluoride" title="Antimony trifluoride">antimony trifluoride</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>PtF<sub>6</sub> <a href="/wiki/Platinum_hexafluoride" title="Platinum hexafluoride">platinum hexafluoride</a> </td> <td>PtF<sub>6</sub><sup>-</sup> <a href="/wiki/Hexafluoroplatinate" title="Hexafluoroplatinate">hexafluoroplatinate</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="chemf nowrap">RuO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_tetroxide" title="Ruthenium tetroxide">ruthenium tetroxide</a><br /><span class="chemf nowrap">OsO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Osmium_tetroxide" title="Osmium tetroxide">osmium tetroxide</a> </td> <td>in organic lab scale synthesis </td></tr> <tr> <td>H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, other <a href="/wiki/Peroxide" title="Peroxide">peroxides</a> </td> <td>Various, including oxides and H<sub>2</sub>O </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tl(III) <a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">thallic</a> compounds </td> <td>Tl(I) thallous compounds, in organic lab scale synthesis </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidizing_agent&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion">Combustion</a> – Chemical reaction between a fuel and oxygen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_acceptor" title="Electron acceptor">Electron acceptor</a> – Chemical entity capable of accepting electrons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_donor" title="Electron donor">Electron donor</a> – Chemical entity capable of donating electrons to another entity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrosynthesis" title="Electrosynthesis">Electrosynthesis</a> – Synthesis of chemical compounds in an electrochemical cell</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_oxidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic oxidation">Organic oxidation</a> – Redox reaction that takes place with organic compounds<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_redox_reaction" title="Organic redox reaction">Organic redox reaction</a> – Redox reaction that takes place with organic compounds</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reducing_agent" title="Reducing agent">Reducing agent</a> – Chemical species that donates an electron to another species in a redox reaction</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solvated_electron" title="Solvated electron">Solvated electron</a> – Free electron in a solution, often liquid ammonia</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidizing_agent&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zx2bh39/revision/5">"Metals"</a>. <i>Bitesize</i>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221103022135/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zx2bh39/revision/5">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bitesize&rft.atitle=Metals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbitesize%2Fguides%2Fzx2bh39%2Frevision%2F5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOxidizing+agent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geiger-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Geiger_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN._G._Connelly,_W._E._Geiger1996" class="citation journal cs1">N. G. Connelly, W. E. Geiger (1996). "Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic Chemistry". <i><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Reviews" title="Chemical Reviews">Chemical Reviews</a></i>. <b>96</b> (2): 877–910. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcr940053x">10.1021/cr940053x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11848774">11848774</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Reviews&rft.atitle=Chemical+Redox+Agents+for+Organometallic+Chemistry&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=877-910&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fcr940053x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11848774&rft.au=N.+G.+Connelly%2C+W.+E.+Geiger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOxidizing+agent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_Michael_B.March,_Jerry2007" class="citation cs2">Smith, Michael B.; <a href="/wiki/Jerry_March" title="Jerry March">March, Jerry</a> (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JDR-nZpojeEC&printsec=frontcover"><i>Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure</i></a> (6th ed.), New York: Wiley-Interscience, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-72091-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-72091-1"><bdi>978-0-471-72091-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+Organic+Chemistry%3A+Reactions%2C+Mechanisms%2C+and+Structure&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Wiley-Interscience&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-471-72091-1&rft.au=Smith%2C+Michael+B.&rft.au=March%2C+Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJDR-nZpojeEC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOxidizing+agent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Australian Dangerous Goods Code, 6th Edition</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">49 CFR 172.127 General Requirements for Shipments and Packagings; Subpart D</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span 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