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For the lamp type, see <a href="/wiki/Compact_fluorescent_lamp" title="Compact fluorescent lamp">Compact fluorescent lamp</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/CFL_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="CFL (disambiguation)">CFL (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Duplicated_citations plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-cleanup-link_rot" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article contains several duplicated citations. <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">The reason given is: <a href="/wiki/User:Polygnotus/DuplicateReferences" title="User:Polygnotus/DuplicateReferences">DuplicateReferences</a> detected: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cfl.ca/2014/06/13/new-five-year-cba-ratified-by-cfl-and-cflpa/">https://www.cfl.ca/2014/06/13/new-five-year-cba-ratified-by-cfl-and-cflpa/</a> (refs: 23, 139, 151)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cfl.ca/index.php?module=page&id=16">https://www.cfl.ca/index.php?module=page&id=16</a> (refs: 93, 127)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://espnpressroom.com/us/press-releases/2014/06/espn-secures-exclusive-u-s-rights-to-canadian-football-league-games/">https://espnpressroom.com/us/press-releases/2014/06/espn-secures-exclusive-u-s-rights-to-canadian-football-league-games/</a> (refs: 104, 121)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://3downnation.com/2019/05/15/what-we-know-about-the-new-cba/">https://3downnation.com/2019/05/15/what-we-know-about-the-new-cba/</a> (refs: 140, 159)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.tsn.ca/new-cfl-collective-bargaining-agreement-will-be-three-year-deal-1.1306171">https://www.tsn.ca/new-cfl-collective-bargaining-agreement-will-be-three-year-deal-1.1306171</a> (refs: 141, 157)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://3downnation.com/2020/01/07/the-comprehensive-cfl-collective-bargaining-agreement/">https://3downnation.com/2020/01/07/the-comprehensive-cfl-collective-bargaining-agreement/</a> (refs: 142, 144, 150, 155, 160)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/cfl-may-take-a-time-out-from-moncton-games-cohon-says-1.1860727">http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/cfl-may-take-a-time-out-from-moncton-games-cohon-says-1.1860727</a> (refs: 169, 172)</li></ul></div> It is recommended to use <a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes#WP:NAMEDREFS" title="Help:Footnotes">named references</a> to consolidate citations that are used multiple times. (October 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>The Canadian Football League (CFL); <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Ligue canadienne de football (LCF) is a <a href="/wiki/Professional_gridiron_football" title="Professional gridiron football">professional</a> <a href="/wiki/Sports_league" title="Sports league">sports league</a> in Canada. The CFL is the highest level of competition in <a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a>. The league consists of nine teams, each in a city in Canada. They are divided into two divisions: four teams in the <a href="/wiki/East_Division_(CFL)" title="East Division (CFL)">East Division</a> and five teams in the <a href="/wiki/West_Division_(CFL)" title="West Division (CFL)">West Division</a>. As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit">[update]</a>, it features a 21-week <a href="/wiki/Season_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Season (sport)">regular season</a> in which each team plays 18 games with three <a href="/wiki/Bye_(sports)" title="Bye (sports)">bye weeks</a>. This season traditionally runs from mid-June to early November. Following the regular season, six teams compete in the league's three-week <a href="#Playoffs">playoffs</a>, which culminate in the <a href="/wiki/Grey_Cup" title="Grey Cup">Grey Cup</a> championship game in late November. The Grey Cup is one of Canada's largest annual sports and television events.<a href="#cite_note-Houston_2006-12-20-4">[3]</a> The CFL was officially named on January 19, 1958,<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> upon the merger between the <a href="/wiki/East_Division_(CFL)" title="East Division (CFL)">Interprovincial Rugby Football Union</a> or "Big Four" (founded in 1907) and the <a href="/wiki/West_Division_(CFL)" title="West Division (CFL)">Western Interprovincial Football Union</a> (founded in March 1936).<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> <table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Canadian Football League Ligue canadienne de football</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Most recent season or competition: <a href="/wiki/2024_CFL_season" title="2024 CFL season">2024 CFL season</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:CFL_2016_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1e/CFL_2016_logo.svg/200px-CFL_2016_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1e/CFL_2016_logo.svg/300px-CFL_2016_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1e/CFL_2016_logo.svg/400px-CFL_2016_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="240"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Sport</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">January 19, 1958 (66 years ago) (1958-01-19)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">First season</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1958_CFL_season" title="1958 CFL season">1958</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Commissioner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Randy_Ambrosie" title="Randy Ambrosie">Randy Ambrosie</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">No. of teams</th><td class="infobox-data">9</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">50 Wellington Street East, <a href="/wiki/Toronto,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto, Ontario">Toronto, Ontario</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Most recent champion(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Argonauts" title="Toronto Argonauts">Toronto Argonauts</a> (19th title)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Most titles</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Argonauts" title="Toronto Argonauts">Toronto Argonauts</a> (19 titles)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">TV partner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Canada:</li><li><a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/CFL_on_TSN" title="CFL on TSN">TSN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_des_sports" title="Réseau des sports">RDS</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a></li><li>United States:</li><li>Broadcast</li><li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Sports_Network" title="CBS Sports Network">CBSSN</a></li><li>Live Streaming</li><li>CFL+</li><li>International:</li><li><a href="#Foreign_coverage">See list</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.cfl.ca/">http://www.cfl.ca/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Early_history">1.1 Early history</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Merger">1.2 Merger</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#United_States_expansion">1.3 United States expansion</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Post-U.S._expansion_era">1.4 Post-U.S. expansion era</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Mark_Cohon_era_(2007%E2%80%932015)">1.4.1 Mark Cohon era (2007–2015)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Jeffrey_Orridge_era_(2015%E2%80%932017)">1.4.2 Jeffrey Orridge era (2015–2017)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Randy_Ambrosie_era_(2017%E2%80%932024)">1.4.3 Randy Ambrosie era (2017–2024)</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Teams">2 Teams</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Timeline">2.1 Timeline</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Season_structure">3 Season structure</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Preseason">3.1 Preseason</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Regular_season">3.2 Regular season</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Playoffs">3.3 Playoffs</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Grey_Cup">3.4 Grey Cup</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Awards">3.5 Awards</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Broadcasting">4 Broadcasting</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Canadian_broadcasters">4.1 Canadian broadcasters</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Foreign_coverage">4.2 Foreign coverage</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Previous_broadcasting_arrangements">4.3 Previous broadcasting arrangements</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Canada">4.3.1 Canada</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#United_States">4.3.2 United States</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Internet">4.4 Internet</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Radio">4.5 Radio</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Players_and_compensation">5 Players and compensation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Salary_cap_(2024)">5.1 Salary cap (2024)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#CFL_operations_cap_(2024)">5.2 CFL operations cap (2024)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Historical_player_compensation_and_revenue">5.3 Historical player compensation and revenue</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Player_designations">5.4 Player designations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Roster_limits">5.5 Roster limits</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Labour_representation">5.6 Labour representation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#Draft">6 Draft</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#Commissioners">7 Commissioners</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#Potential_future_expansion">8 Potential future expansion</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Maritimes">8.1 Maritimes</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="#Atlantic_Schooners_revival">8.1.1 Atlantic Schooners revival</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Quebec_City">8.2 Quebec City</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Saskatoon">8.3 Saskatoon</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Mexico">8.4 Mexico</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#See_also">9 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#References">10 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#Further_reading">11 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#External_links">12 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Canadian_football" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Canadian football">History of Canadian football</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">Rugby football</a> began to be played in Canada in the 1860s, and many of the first Canadian football teams played under the auspices of the Canadian Rugby Football Union (CRFU), founded in June 1880 then reorganized in February 1884.<a href="#cite_note-Football_Canada_timeline-7">[6]</a> The CRFU was reorganized as the Canadian Rugby Union (CRU) in 1891, and served as an <a href="/wiki/Umbrella_organization" title="Umbrella organization">umbrella organization</a> for several provincial and regional unions. The <a href="/wiki/Grey_Cup" title="Grey Cup">Grey Cup</a> was donated by <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General</a> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Henry_George_Grey,_4th_Earl_Grey" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Henry George Grey, 4th Earl Grey">the Earl Grey</a> in 1909 to the team winning the "Senior Amateur Football Championship of Canada". By that time, the sport as played in Canada had diverged markedly from its rugby origins with the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Burnside_rules" title="Burnside rules">Burnside rules</a>, and started to become more similar to the <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American game</a>. For much of the early part of the 20th century, the game was contested by intraprovincial leagues, or unions. In 1907, several of the stronger senior clubs in Ontario and Quebec formed the <a href="/wiki/Interprovincial_Rugby_Football_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Interprovincial Rugby Football Union">Interprovincial Rugby Football Union</a> (IRFU or more commonly known as the "Big Four"). It took almost 30 years for an elite interprovincial western union to emerge, when in 1936 the stronger senior clubs in Manitoba, Alberta and Saskatchewan formed the <a href="/wiki/Western_Interprovincial_Football_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Interprovincial Football Union">Western Interprovincial Football Union</a> (WIFU). From the 1930s to the 1950s, the Big Four and WIFU gradually evolved from <a href="/wiki/Amateur_sports" title="Amateur sports">amateur</a> to professional leagues, and amateur teams were no longer competitive for the Grey Cup. Apart from the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> years, an amateur team last won the Grey Cup in 1936. By the end of World War II, the WIFU's play was at the same level as that of the Big Four. Within a few years after the return of peace, both interprovincial unions had turned openly professional. However, while the Big Four champion got an automatic berth to the Grey Cup final, until 1954 the WIFU's champion had to play in a semi-final against the champion of the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Ontario Rugby Football Union">Ontario Rugby Football Union</a> (ORFU)–by then, the only amateur union still competing for the Grey Cup. The ORFU withdrew from Grey Cup competition after the 1953 season, and the WIFU champion was given an automatic berth in the Grey Cup final. For this reason, 1954 is reckoned as the start of the modern era of Canadian football, in which the Grey Cup has been exclusively contested by professional teams. Since 1965, Canada's top university football teams, competing in what is now <a href="/wiki/U_Sports" title="U Sports">U Sports</a>, have competed for the <a href="/wiki/Vanier_Cup" title="Vanier Cup">Vanier Cup</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merger">Merger</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Merger" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 1956, the Montreal Alouettes threatened to leave the Big Four and join the rival WIFU. As a result, the Big Four and WIFU formed a new umbrella organization, the Canadian Football Council (CFC) to modernize the operations and management of the professional game. In <a href="/wiki/1958_CFL_season" title="1958 CFL season">1958</a>, the CFC formally left the CRU and reorganized as the Canadian Football League. As part of an agreement between the CRU and CFL, the CFL took possession of the Grey Cup, and the amateurs were officially locked out of Grey Cup play. However, the Grey Cup had been the de facto professional championship since 1954. The CRU remained the governing body for amateur play in Canada, eventually adopting the name <a href="/wiki/Football_Canada" title="Football Canada">Football Canada</a>. Initially, the two unions remained autonomous, and there was no intersectional play between eastern (Big Four) and western (WIFU) teams except at the Grey Cup final. This situation was roughly analogous to how <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> operated for almost all of the 20th century. The Big Four was renamed the Eastern Football Conference in <a href="/wiki/1960_CFL_season" title="1960 CFL season">1960</a>, while the WIFU was renamed the Western Football Conference in <a href="/wiki/1961_CFL_season" title="1961 CFL season">1961</a>. Also in 1961, limited intersectional play was introduced. Because the West played 16 games by this time while the East still only played 14, this arrangement oddly allowed both the four-team Eastern Conference and the five-team Western Conference to play three games per intraconference opponent and one game per interconference opponent. It was not until 1974 that the East expanded its schedule to 16 games, just like the West. In <a href="/wiki/1981_CFL_season" title="1981 CFL season">1981</a>, the two conferences agreed to a full merger, becoming the East and West Divisions of the CFL. With the merger came a fully balanced and interlocking schedule of 16 games per season (with all nine teams playing each other twice, once at home and once on the road). Since 1986 (with exception of 2021), the CFL's regular season schedule has been 18 games. The separate histories of the Big Four and the WIFU accounted for the fact that two teams had basically the same name: the Big Four's <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Rough_Riders" title="Ottawa Rough Riders">Ottawa Rough Riders</a> were often called the "Eastern Riders", while the WIFU's <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Roughriders" title="Saskatchewan Roughriders">Saskatchewan Roughriders</a> were called the "Western Riders" or "Green Riders". Other team names had traditional origins. With <a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">rowing</a> a national craze in the late 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Argonaut_Rowing_Club" title="Argonaut Rowing Club">Argonaut Rowing Club</a> of Toronto formed a rugby team for its members' off-season participation. The football team name <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Argonauts" title="Toronto Argonauts">Toronto Argonauts</a> still remains even though it and the rowing club have long since gone their separate ways. After World War II, the Hamilton Tigers absorbed the upstart war-era Flying Wildcats and called the team the <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Tiger-Cats" title="Hamilton Tiger-Cats">Hamilton Tiger-Cats</a>. The league remained stable with nine franchises—the <a href="/wiki/BC_Lions" title="BC Lions">BC Lions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Stampeders" title="Calgary Stampeders">Calgary Stampeders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Eskimos" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmonton Eskimos">Edmonton Eskimos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Roughriders" title="Saskatchewan Roughriders">Saskatchewan Roughriders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Blue_Bombers" title="Winnipeg Blue Bombers">Winnipeg Blue Bombers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Tiger-Cats" title="Hamilton Tiger-Cats">Hamilton Tiger-Cats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Argonauts" title="Toronto Argonauts">Toronto Argonauts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Rough_Riders" title="Ottawa Rough Riders">Ottawa Rough Riders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Alouettes" title="Montreal Alouettes">Montreal Alouettes</a>—from its 1958 inception until <a href="/wiki/1981_CFL_season" title="1981 CFL season">1981</a>. After the 1981 season, the Alouettes folded and were replaced the next year by a new franchise named the Concordes. In <a href="/wiki/1986_CFL_season" title="1986 CFL season">1986</a> the Concordes were renamed the Alouettes to attract more fan support, but the team folded the next year. The loss of the Montreal franchise forced the league to move its easternmost Western team, Winnipeg, into the East Division from 1987 to 1994. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_expansion">United States expansion</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: United States expansion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League_in_the_United_States" title="Canadian Football League in the United States">Canadian Football League in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Canadian_Football_League" title="Special:EditPage/Canadian Football League">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (May 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> In <a href="/wiki/1993_CFL_season" title="1993 CFL season">1993</a>, the league admitted its first United States–based franchise, the <a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Gold_Miners" title="Sacramento Gold Miners">Sacramento Gold Miners</a>. After modest success, the league then expanded further in the U.S. in <a href="/wiki/1994_CFL_season" title="1994 CFL season">1994</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Posse" title="Las Vegas Posse">Las Vegas Posse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Stallions" title="Baltimore Stallions">Baltimore Stallions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Pirates" title="Shreveport Pirates">Shreveport Pirates</a>. For the <a href="/wiki/1995_CFL_season" title="1995 CFL season">1995</a> campaign, the American teams were split off into their own South Division, and two more teams, the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Barracudas" title="Birmingham Barracudas">Birmingham Barracudas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Memphis_Mad_Dogs" title="Memphis Mad Dogs">Memphis Mad Dogs</a>, were added; at the same time, the Posse folded and the Gold Miners relocated to become the <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Texans" title="San Antonio Texans">San Antonio Texans</a>. In 1995, the Stallions became the only non-Canadian team to win the <a href="/wiki/83rd_Grey_Cup" title="83rd Grey Cup">Grey Cup</a>. Despite all American teams having the advantage of not being bound to the CFL's minimum Canadian player quotas, only the Stallions proved to be an on-field and off-field success. The <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Browns_relocation_controversy" title="Cleveland Browns relocation controversy">establishment of the NFL's</a> <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Ravens" title="Baltimore Ravens">Baltimore Ravens</a>, worsening financial problems among the league's core Canadian teams, and the inconsistent performance of the other American teams prompted the CFL to abandon its American experiment and retrench its Canadian operations. The Stallions organization was used as the basis for a revival of the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Alouettes" title="Montreal Alouettes">Montreal Alouettes</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-U.S._expansion_era">Post-U.S. expansion era</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-U.S. expansion era" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The CFL returned to an all-Canadian format in <a href="/wiki/1996_CFL_season" title="1996 CFL season">1996</a> with nine teams;<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> the league conducted a <a href="/wiki/Dispersal_draft" title="Dispersal draft">dispersal draft</a> to distribute players from the disbanded American-based teams; however, the <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Rough_Riders" title="Ottawa Rough Riders">Ottawa Rough Riders</a>, in existence since 1876, folded after the 1996 season (another dispersal draft was conducted the next year to distribute the former Rough Rider players among the remaining eight teams). Toronto and recently revived Montreal also were struggling; Montreal's woes were solved by moving to <a href="/wiki/Percival_Molson_Memorial_Stadium" title="Percival Molson Memorial Stadium">Percival Molson Memorial Stadium</a>, a much smaller venue than the cavernous <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Montreal)" title="Olympic Stadium (Montreal)">Olympic Stadium</a>. The Winnipeg team again moved to the East Division from 1997 to 2001 to make up for the loss of Ottawa. In 1997, the NFL provided a US$3-million interest-free loan to the financially struggling CFL. In return, the NFL was granted access to CFL players entering a defined two-month window in the option year of their contract. This was later written into the CFL's collective bargaining agreement with its players. The CFL's finances have since stabilized and they eventually repaid the loan. The CFL–NFL agreement expired in 2006. Both leagues have been attempting to reach a new agreement, but the CFL broke off negotiations in November 2007 after Canadian telecommunications firm <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Communications" title="Rogers Communications">Rogers Communications</a> paid $78 million to <a href="/wiki/Bills_Toronto_Series" title="Bills Toronto Series">host seven Bills games</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> over five seasons (the last Bills Toronto Series game was played during the <a href="/wiki/2013_NFL_season" title="2013 NFL season">2013 NFL season</a>).<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Commonwealth_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Commonwealth_Stadium.jpg/220px-Commonwealth_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="405"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Commonwealth_Stadium.jpg/220px-Commonwealth_Stadium.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Commonwealth_Stadium.jpg/330px-Commonwealth_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Commonwealth_Stadium.jpg/440px-Commonwealth_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Edmonton's <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Stadium_(Edmonton)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Stadium (Edmonton)">Commonwealth Stadium</a> (shown during player introductions prior to a game) is the largest venue in the CFL.</figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/2002_CFL_season" title="2002 CFL season">2002</a>, the league expanded back to nine teams with the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Renegades" title="Ottawa Renegades">Ottawa Renegades</a>. After four seasons of financial losses, the Renegades were suspended indefinitely before the <a href="/wiki/2006_CFL_season" title="2006 CFL season">2006 season</a>; their players were absorbed by the remaining teams in a dispersal draft. Winnipeg was moved to the East Division again in 2006, a situation that continued until 2013. In <a href="/wiki/2005_CFL_season" title="2005 CFL season">2005</a>, the league set an all-time <a href="/wiki/CFL_attendance" class="mw-redirect" title="CFL attendance">attendance record</a> with a total attendance of more than 2.3 million.<a href="#cite_note-Sports_Business_Daily_2005-11-17-11">[10]</a> In June 2006 the league announced the launch of CFL Broadband, an internet streaming service designed to provide fans with another media platform, in addition to TSN and CBC broadcasts, to watch games live.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mark_Cohon_era_(2007–2015)">Mark Cohon era (2007–2015)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mark Cohon era (2007–2015)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> With Mark Cohon as commissioner of the league the CFL entered a period of stability and growth. New television deals, two new collective bargaining agreements, the <a href="/wiki/100th_Grey_Cup" title="100th Grey Cup">100th Grey Cup</a> celebration, and widespread stadium renovation and rebuilding highlighted this era. The <a href="/wiki/100th_Grey_Cup" title="100th Grey Cup">100th anniversary of the Grey Cup</a> had the highest ever television ratings for a championship game in English Canada.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> During the 2000s the CFL had the third highest per-game attendance of any North American sports league and the seventh highest <a href="/wiki/List_of_attendance_figures_at_domestic_professional_sports_leagues" title="List of attendance figures at domestic professional sports leagues">per-game attendance of any sports league worldwide</a>. A 2006 survey conducted at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lethbridge" title="University of Lethbridge">University of Lethbridge</a> confirmed that the CFL was the second most popular sports league in Canada, with the following of 19% of the total adult Canadian population compared to 30% for the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a>. The <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> had 11% following, with a total of 26% following at least one of the pro football leagues. In other words, approximately 80% of Canadian football fans follow the CFL, and about 55% follow the NFL.<a href="#cite_note-Canadian_Press_2006-06-08-14">[13]</a> With the absence of Ottawa from 2006 to 2013, league attendance hovered around the 2 million mark. It stood at 2,029,875 in 2012 for a single game average of 28,193.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2007_CFL_season" title="2007 CFL season">2007 season</a> was a recent high point with average game attendance of 29,167, the best since 1983.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> During Mark Cohon's time in office many of the teams either undertook major renovations to their existing stadiums, or constructed brand new stadiums. The <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Alouettes" title="Montreal Alouettes">Montreal Alouettes</a> were the first to undertake this project, adding 5,000 seats to <a href="/wiki/Percival_Molson_Memorial_Stadium" title="Percival Molson Memorial Stadium">Percival Molson Memorial Stadium</a> in time for the <a href="/wiki/2010_CFL_season" title="2010 CFL season">2010 CFL season</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Eskimos" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmonton Eskimos">Edmonton Eskimos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Stampeders" title="Calgary Stampeders">Calgary Stampeders</a> also renovated their respective stadiums and facilities for the 2010 season.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> In <a href="/wiki/2011_CFL_season" title="2011 CFL season">2011</a>, the <a href="/wiki/BC_Lions" title="BC Lions">BC Lions</a> played under a new, retractable roof in <a href="/wiki/BC_Place" title="BC Place">BC Place</a> after spending one and a half seasons at <a href="/wiki/Empire_Field" title="Empire Field">Empire Field</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> In <a href="/wiki/2013_CFL_season" title="2013 CFL season">2013</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Blue_Bombers" title="Winnipeg Blue Bombers">Winnipeg Blue Bombers</a> moved to Investors Group Field, now known as <a href="/wiki/Princess_Auto_Stadium" title="Princess Auto Stadium">Princess Auto Stadium</a>, an entirely new stadium at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manitoba" title="University of Manitoba">University of Manitoba</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Tiger-Cats" title="Hamilton Tiger-Cats">Hamilton Tiger-Cats</a> began using their new stadium, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hortons_Field" title="Tim Hortons Field">Tim Hortons Field</a>, after spending 2013 at <a href="/wiki/Alumni_Stadium_(Guelph)" title="Alumni Stadium (Guelph)">University of Guelph's stadium</a> and the first half of the 2014 season at <a href="/wiki/Ron_Joyce_Stadium" title="Ron Joyce Stadium">McMaster University's football field</a> following the demolition of the iconic <a href="/wiki/Ivor_Wynne_Stadium" title="Ivor Wynne Stadium">Ivor Wynne Stadium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> In 2014 the <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Redblacks" title="Ottawa Redblacks">Ottawa Redblacks</a> kicked off their inaugural season (having been awarded a franchise in 2008<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a>), becoming the third Ottawa franchise in CFL history. The new Ottawa franchise returned the league to a nine-team structure, with five teams in the West Division and four in the East; the Winnipeg Blue Bombers moved back to the West Division.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> The expansion Ottawa Redblacks played at the massively renovated <a href="/wiki/TD_Place_Stadium" title="TD Place Stadium">Frank Clair Stadium</a>, now branded as <a href="/wiki/TD_Place_Stadium" title="TD Place Stadium">TD Place Stadium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> In Mark Cohon's last year as commissioner he negotiated a new five-year collective bargaining agreement (from 2014 through the 2018 season) between the CFL and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League_Players%27_Association" title="Canadian Football League Players' Association">Canadian Football League Players' Association</a> (CFLPA).<a href="#cite_note-CBA2014-24">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jeffrey_Orridge_era_(2015–2017)">Jeffrey Orridge era (2015–2017)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Jeffrey Orridge era (2015–2017)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Argonauts" title="Toronto Argonauts">Toronto Argonauts</a> entered a period of transition off the field, with new ownership and a new stadium. The Argonauts were sold by politician/businessman <a href="/wiki/David_Braley" title="David Braley">David Braley</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bell_Media" title="Bell Media">Bell Media</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maple_Leaf_Sports_%26_Entertainment" title="Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment">MLSE</a> chairman <a href="/wiki/Larry_Tanenbaum" title="Larry Tanenbaum">Larry Tanenbaum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> At the start of the 2016 season the Argos moved to <a href="/wiki/BMO_Field" title="BMO Field">BMO Field</a> after more than twenty seasons at the <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Centre" title="Rogers Centre">Rogers Centre</a> (formerly called the SkyDome from 1989 to 2005).<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> Construction on the New <a href="/wiki/Mosaic_Stadium" title="Mosaic Stadium">Mosaic Stadium</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Roughriders" title="Saskatchewan Roughriders">Saskatchewan Roughriders</a> was completed in October 2016<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> and the first game was played in the <a href="/wiki/2017_CFL_season" title="2017 CFL season">2017 season</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> In 2015, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Sam" title="Michael Sam">Michael Sam</a> signed a two-year contract with <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Alouettes" title="Montreal Alouettes">Montreal Alouettes</a> of the CFL,<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-alouettes-30">[29]</a> becoming the first openly gay player in the league's history.<a href="#cite_note-alouettes-30">[29]</a> Sam left the team the day before the first preseason game, citing personal reasons.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> As reported by <a href="/wiki/Fox_Sports" title="Fox Sports">Fox Sports</a>, Sam returned to Montreal to continue his professional football career.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> He left again on August 14, this time permanently, again citing personal reasons. Immediately following the 2015 season Jeffrey Orridge announced a re-branding for the CFL, including a new logo, motto, uniforms for all nine teams and website.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> After not having a drug enforcement policy in effect for the 2015 season the league and the CFLPA agreed to a new drug policy.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> In 2017, the Board of Governors and <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Orridge" title="Jeffrey Orridge">Jeffrey Orridge</a> agreed to part ways, effective June 30, 2017; Orridge cited "differing views on the future of the league" between him and the Board of Governors for the departure, with both sides stating the decision was mutual and amicable.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> His last day as commissioner was June 15, 2017.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lawson_(sports_executive)" title="Jim Lawson (sports executive)">Jim Lawson</a>, the CFL's Chair of the Board of Governors, took over the duties of interim Commissioner until a suitable replacement was found.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Randy_Ambrosie_era_(2017–2024)">Randy Ambrosie era (2017–2024)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Randy Ambrosie era (2017–2024)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On July 5, 2017, Randy Ambrosie succeeded Orridge as CFL commissioner.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> Having spent nine seasons as a player with the <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Stampeders" title="Calgary Stampeders">Calgary Stampeders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Argonauts" title="Toronto Argonauts">Toronto Argonauts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Eskimos" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmonton Eskimos">Edmonton Eskimos</a> from 1985 to 1993, Ambrosie is the first commissioner to have played in the league since <a href="/wiki/Larry_Smith_(Canadian_politician)" title="Larry Smith (Canadian politician)">Larry Smith</a> left the position in 1997. On September 12, 2018, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>–based <a href="/wiki/New_Era_Cap_Company" title="New Era Cap Company">New Era Cap Company</a> would become the official apparel supplier of the CFL beginning in 2019, replacing <a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> In October 2018, the CFL began focusing marketing internationally again after the unsuccessful expansion into the United States during the 1990s, with Ambrosie's plan being called CFL 2.0.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Ambrosie partnered with the <a href="/wiki/Professional_American_Football_League_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional American Football League of Mexico">Professional American Football League of Mexico</a> (LFA) for player development, as part of the league's plan to expand globally.<a href="#cite_note-:0-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-44">[43]</a> Ambrosie also later announced a special edition of the <a href="/wiki/CFL_Combine" title="CFL Combine">CFL Combine</a> to be held in 2019 in Mexico for Mexican players, which was held on January 13, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-sportsnet.ca-45">[44]</a> Ambroise said he wished the combine in Mexico to become annual, and that a combine could be held in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-sportsnet.ca-45">[44]</a> On January 14, 2019, the league held a <a href="/wiki/2019_CFL%E2%80%93LFA_Draft" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 CFL–LFA Draft">draft of LFA and Mexican university players</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-46">[45]</a> where wide receiver <a href="/wiki/Diego_Viamontes" title="Diego Viamontes">Diego Viamontes</a> was the first pick, selected by the Edmonton Eskimos.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> The CFL announced in February 2019 that German and French football players from the <a href="/wiki/German_Football_League" title="German Football League">German Football League</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_fran%C3%A7aise_de_football_am%C3%A9ricain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fédération française de football américain (page does not exist)">Fédération française de football américain</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_fran%C3%A7aise_de_football_am%C3%A9ricain" class="extiw" title="fr:Fédération française de football américain">fr</a>] would participate in the CFL national combine.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> Throughout early 2019, Ambrosie actively travelled Europe forming partnerships between the CFL and top-level European American football leagues and associations, specifically Germany (<a href="/wiki/German_Football_League" title="German Football League">GFL</a>), Austria (<a href="/wiki/Austrian_Football_League" title="Austrian Football League">AFL</a>), France (FFFA), the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Ligaen" class="mw-redirect" title="National Ligaen">NL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaahteraliiga" title="Vaahteraliiga">VL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superserien" title="Superserien">SS</a> and NAFL) and Italy (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Football_League" title="Italian Football League">IFL</a>).<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> By January 2020 football leagues from 13 countries had signed partnerships with the CFL,<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> these partnerships included mutual exchanging of players and coaches<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> with leagues like the Mexican LFA holding reserved roster spots for Canadians with up to 25 playing in the league's 2020 season.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> In February 2020, the CFL expanded its global alliance system, welcoming the Japanese <a href="/wiki/X-League_(Japan)" title="X-League (Japan)">X-League</a>, generally regarded the third-best professional gridiron league in the world.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> This coincided with the CFL announcing that its global combine in 2020 with new rules, including two designated active-roster international players and three practice-squad international players with as many as 45 global players in the league.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> The league took over operations of the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Alouettes" title="Montreal Alouettes">Montreal Alouettes</a> prior to the 2019 season after <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Wetenhall" title="Robert C. Wetenhall">Robert C. Wetenhall</a>, the league's last non-Canadian owner, surrendered the franchise to the league in May.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-58">[57]</a> The Alouettes found new ownership in January 2020 in Crawford Steel executives Sid Spiegel and Gary Stern, whose holding company S and S Sportsco would oversee the team.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> On August 17, 2020, the CFL cancelled its <a href="/wiki/2020_CFL_season" title="2020 CFL season">2020 season</a> after <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">coronavirus-related</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">social distancing</a> mandates and travel restrictions imposed in most of Canada prevented the league from selling tickets and the league was unable to secure a bailout from the federal government to cover any losses.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> It was the first cancelled season in the league's history, and the first year without a Grey Cup championship since the canceled 1916–1919 seasons. The league <a href="/wiki/2021_CFL_season" title="2021 CFL season">returned in 2021</a>, playing a shortened 14-game schedule which began that August, with the season concluding with the Grey Cup game in December for the first time since 1972.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> On March 10, 2021, the then-on hiatus <a href="/wiki/XFL_(2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="XFL (2020)">XFL</a> entered into talks with the CFL over the possibility of a future collaboration;<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> these discussions were called off four months later with nothing coming of them.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> On August 29, 2022, Gary Stern of the Montreal Alouettes stepped away from day-to-day operations with the club and resigned from his role with the Canadian Football League's board of governors, effective immediately.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> On February 14, 2023, the ownership of the Alouettes was transferred back to the CFL.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mario_Cecchini_(businessman)" title="Mario Cecchini (businessman)">Mario Cecchini</a> was appointed as the interim President while the league sought to finalize a sale to new ownership.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> On March 10, Quebec media mogul and former <a href="/wiki/Parti_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Parti Québécois">Parti Québécois</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Karl_P%C3%A9ladeau" title="Pierre Karl Péladeau">Pierre Karl Péladeau</a> purchased the team.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> On April 11, 2024, the Winnipeg Blue Bombers announced league record revenue of $50.5 million and operating profit of $5.7 million.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> Ambrosie announced his resignation on October 26, 2024, to take effect following the <a href="/wiki/111th_Grey_Cup" title="111th Grey Cup">111th Grey Cup</a>. Ambrosie had reportedly lost a vote of confidence among the league's owners a day prior.<a href="#cite_note-ambrosieresigns-70">[69]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Teams">Teams</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Teams" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div role="img" class="floatleft noresize" style="width: 450px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><a href="/wiki/File:CFL_Team_Locations.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/CFL_Team_Locations.png/450px-CFL_Team_Locations.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="394" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1388" data-file-height="1214"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 450px;height: 394px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/CFL_Team_Locations.png/450px-CFL_Team_Locations.png" data-alt="" data-width="450" data-height="394" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/CFL_Team_Locations.png/675px-CFL_Team_Locations.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/CFL_Team_Locations.png/900px-CFL_Team_Locations.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:31px; top:276px"><a href="/wiki/BC_Lions" title="BC Lions">BC Lions</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:88px; top:280px"><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Stampeders" title="Calgary Stampeders">Calgary Stampeders</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:97px; top:264px"><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Elks" title="Edmonton Elks">Edmonton Elks</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:144px; top:298px"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Roughriders" title="Saskatchewan Roughriders">Saskatchewan Roughriders</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:183px; top:311px"><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Blue_Bombers" title="Winnipeg Blue Bombers">Winnipeg Blue Bombers</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:296px; top:373px"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Tiger-Cats" title="Hamilton Tiger-Cats">Hamilton Tiger-Cats</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:298px; top:360px"><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Argonauts" title="Toronto Argonauts">Toronto Argonauts</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:319px; top:347px"><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Redblacks" title="Ottawa Redblacks">Ottawa Redblacks</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:332px; top:339px"><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Alouettes" title="Montreal Alouettes">Montreal Alouettes</a></div> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%"> <caption>Active CFL teams </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Division </th> <th scope="col">Team </th> <th scope="col">City </th> <th scope="col">Stadium </th> <th scope="col">Capacity </th> <th scope="col">Founded (lineage) </th> <th scope="col">Head coach </th> <th scope="col">General manager </th> <th scope="col">Owner </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" style="background:#06407C;"><a href="/wiki/East_Division_(CFL)" title="East Division (CFL)">East</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Tiger-Cats" title="Hamilton Tiger-Cats">Hamilton Tiger-Cats</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton, Ontario</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tim_Hortons_Field" title="Tim Hortons Field">Tim Hortons Field</a> </td> <td align="center">24,000 </td> <td align="center">1950 (1869)<a href="#cite_note-71">[b]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Milanovich" title="Scott Milanovich">Scott Milanovich</a> </td> <td align="center">Vacant </td> <td>Hamilton Sports Group<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bob_Young_(businessman)" title="Bob Young (businessman)">Bob Young</a>, chairman) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Alouettes" title="Montreal Alouettes">Montreal Alouettes</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Montreal,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal, Quebec">Montreal, Quebec</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Percival_Molson_Memorial_Stadium" title="Percival Molson Memorial Stadium">Percival Molson Memorial Stadium</a> </td> <td align="center">20,025 </td> <td align="center">1996 (1946)<a href="#cite_note-74">[c]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Jason_Maas" title="Jason Maas">Jason Maas</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Maciocia" title="Danny Maciocia">Danny Maciocia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Karl_P%C3%A9ladeau" title="Pierre Karl Péladeau">Pierre Karl Péladeau</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Redblacks" title="Ottawa Redblacks">Ottawa Redblacks</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ottawa,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottawa, Ontario">Ottawa, Ontario</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/TD_Place_Stadium" title="TD Place Stadium">TD Place Stadium</a> </td> <td align="center">24,000 </td> <td align="center">2014 (1876)<a href="#cite_note-75">[d]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dyce" title="Bob Dyce">Bob Dyce</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Shawn_Burke" title="Shawn Burke">Shawn Burke</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Sports_and_Entertainment_Group" title="Ottawa Sports and Entertainment Group">Ottawa Sports and Entertainment Group</a> (Roger Greenberg, chairman)<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Argonauts" title="Toronto Argonauts">Toronto Argonauts</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Toronto,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto, Ontario">Toronto, Ontario</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BMO_Field" title="BMO Field">BMO Field</a> </td> <td align="center">25,000 </td> <td align="center">1873<a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Dinwiddie" title="Ryan Dinwiddie">Ryan Dinwiddie</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pinball_Clemons" title="Pinball Clemons">Michael Clemons</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maple_Leaf_Sports_%26_Entertainment" title="Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment">Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larry_Tanenbaum" title="Larry Tanenbaum">Larry Tanenbaum</a>, chairman)<a href="#cite_note-ArgosApprove-78">[74]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5" style="background:#C00712;"><a href="/wiki/West_Division_(CFL)" title="West Division (CFL)">West</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/BC_Lions" title="BC Lions">BC Lions</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Vancouver,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vancouver, British Columbia">Vancouver, British Columbia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BC_Place" title="BC Place">BC Place</a> </td> <td align="center">54,320 </td> <td align="center">1954 </td> <td align="center">Vacant </td> <td align="center">Ryan Rigmaiden </td> <td>Amar Doman </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Stampeders" title="Calgary Stampeders">Calgary Stampeders</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Calgary,_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calgary, Alberta">Calgary, Alberta</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/McMahon_Stadium" title="McMahon Stadium">McMahon Stadium</a> </td> <td align="center">35,400 </td> <td align="center">1945 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Dickenson" title="Dave Dickenson">Dave Dickenson</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Dickenson" title="Dave Dickenson">Dave Dickenson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Sports_and_Entertainment" title="Calgary Sports and Entertainment">Calgary Sports and Entertainment</a> (<a href="/wiki/N._Murray_Edwards" title="N. Murray Edwards">N. Murray Edwards</a>, chairman) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Elks" title="Edmonton Elks">Edmonton Elks</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Edmonton,_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmonton, Alberta">Edmonton, Alberta</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Stadium" title="Commonwealth Stadium">Commonwealth Stadium</a> </td> <td align="center">56,302 </td> <td align="center">1949 (1911)<a href="#cite_note-81">[e]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Jarious_Jackson" title="Jarious Jackson">Jarious Jackson</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Hervey" title="Ed Hervey">Ed Hervey</a> </td> <td>Larry Thompson </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Roughriders" title="Saskatchewan Roughriders">Saskatchewan Roughriders</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina, Saskatchewan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_Stadium" title="Mosaic Stadium">Mosaic Stadium</a> </td> <td align="center">33,350 </td> <td align="center">1910<a href="#cite_note-82">[f]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Corey_Mace" title="Corey Mace">Corey Mace</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_O%27Day" title="Jeremy O'Day">Jeremy O'Day</a> </td> <td>Publicly owned (≤12,074 shareholders)<a href="#cite_note-83">[77]</a> (Wayne Morsky, chairman) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Blue_Bombers" title="Winnipeg Blue Bombers">Winnipeg Blue Bombers</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg,_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Winnipeg, Manitoba">Winnipeg, Manitoba</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princess_Auto_Stadium" title="Princess Auto Stadium">Princess Auto Stadium</a> </td> <td align="center">33,234 </td> <td align="center">1930 (1887)<a href="#cite_note-85">[g]</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mike_O%27Shea_(Canadian_football)" title="Mike O'Shea (Canadian football)">Mike O'Shea</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Walters" title="Kyle Walters">Kyle Walters</a> </td> <td>Winnipeg Football Club (Dayna Spiring, chairwoman) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Defunct CFL teams </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Team </th> <th scope="col">City </th> <th scope="col">Stadium </th> <th scope="col">Years active </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Stallions" title="Baltimore Stallions">Baltimore FC / Baltimore Stallions</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, Maryland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Stadium_(Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorial Stadium (Baltimore)">Memorial Stadium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_CFL_season" title="1994 CFL season">1994</a>–<a href="/wiki/1995_CFL_season" title="1995 CFL season">1995</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[h]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Barracudas" title="Birmingham Barracudas">Birmingham Barracudas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legion_Field" title="Legion Field">Legion Field</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1995_CFL_season" title="1995 CFL season">1995</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Posse" title="Las Vegas Posse">Las Vegas Posse</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas, Nevada</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sam_Boyd_Stadium" title="Sam Boyd Stadium">Sam Boyd Silver Bowl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_CFL_season" title="1994 CFL season">1994</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Mad_Dogs" title="Memphis Mad Dogs">Memphis Mad Dogs</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bowl_Memorial_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium">Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1995_CFL_season" title="1995 CFL season">1995</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Alouettes" title="Montreal Alouettes">Montreal Alouettes (1)</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, Quebec </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Autostade" title="Autostade">Autostade</a> & <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Montreal)" title="Olympic Stadium (Montreal)">Olympic Stadium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1946_in_Canadian_football" title="1946 in Canadian football">1946</a>–<a href="/wiki/1981_CFL_season" title="1981 CFL season">1981</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Concordes" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Concordes">Montreal Concordes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Alouettes#Re-branding_and_demise_(1986%E2%80%931987)" title="Montreal Alouettes">Alouettes (2)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_CFL_season" title="1982 CFL season">1982</a>–<a href="/wiki/1987_CFL_season" title="1987 CFL season">1987</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Rough_Riders" title="Ottawa Rough Riders">Ottawa Rough Riders</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, Ontario </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Clair_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Clair Stadium">Frank Clair Stadium</a> </td> <td>1876–<a href="/wiki/1996_CFL_season" title="1996 CFL season">1996</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Renegades" title="Ottawa Renegades">Ottawa Renegades</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_CFL_season" title="2002 CFL season">2002</a>–<a href="/wiki/2005_CFL_season" title="2005 CFL season">2005</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Gold_Miners" title="Sacramento Gold Miners">Sacramento Gold Miners</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento, California</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hornet_Stadium_(Sacramento_State)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hornet Stadium (Sacramento State)">Hornet Stadium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1993_CFL_season" title="1993 CFL season">1993</a>–<a href="/wiki/1994_CFL_season" title="1994 CFL season">1994</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Texans" title="San Antonio Texans">San Antonio Texans (2)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>, Texas </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alamodome" title="Alamodome">Alamodome</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1995_CFL_season" title="1995 CFL season">1995</a><a href="#cite_note-SA-87">[i]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Pirates" title="Shreveport Pirates">Shreveport Pirates</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, Louisiana</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independence_Stadium_(Shreveport)" title="Independence Stadium (Shreveport)">Independence Stadium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_CFL_season" title="1994 CFL season">1994</a>–<a href="/wiki/1995_CFL_season" title="1995 CFL season">1995</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Proposed and/or disbanded CFL teams </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Team </th> <th scope="col">City </th> <th scope="col">Planned debut </th> <th scope="col">Result of proposal </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">Proposed London team </td> <td><a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London, Ontario</a> </td> <td>1974 </td> <td>An unknown investment group attempted an expansion bid and the CFL quoted a price of CA$2,700,000 for a team. It is unknown for what reasons this team never began play.<a href="#cite_note-88">[79]</a> This team would likely have been a continuation of the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Ontario Rugby Football Union">ORFU</a> <a href="/wiki/London_Lords" title="London Lords">London Lords</a>, which ultimately folded the same year. </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Schooners" title="Atlantic Schooners">Atlantic Schooners (1)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Regional_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax Regional Municipality">Halifax/Dartmouth, Nova Scotia</a> </td> <td>1984 </td> <td>Venture was abandoned due to a failed financing plan for a new stadium. </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Riders" title="San Antonio Riders">San Antonio Texans (1)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>, Texas </td> <td>1993 </td> <td>Folded before beginning play.<a href="#cite_note-SA-87">[i]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">Proposed Mississippi team </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson, Mississippi</a> </td> <td>1995 </td> <td>While numerous locations (including Milwaukee<a href="#cite_note-89">[80]</a> and Los Angeles) had been discussed as a home for a potential relocation of the Las Vegas Posse, <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson, Mississippi</a>, came the closest to fruition: it had hired a coach and general manager and was included on early drafts of the 1995 schedule before the corporation that owned the Posse raised the price unexpectedly to more than could be justified just as the new owner was about to buy the team.<a href="#cite_note-bsun4595-90">[81]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Miami_Manatees_(CFL)" title="Miami Manatees (CFL)">Miami Manatees</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Miami,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami, Florida">Miami, Florida</a> </td> <td>1995 </td> <td>After exploring multiple cities to relocate the Las Vegas Posse, Miami was chosen. However, the league suspended all US operations before the team could ever take the field.<a href="#cite_note-91">[j]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">Proposed Houston team </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, Texas </td> <td>1996 </td> <td>After most US CFL franchises folded, the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Stallions" title="Baltimore Stallions">Baltimore Stallions</a> considered relocating to Houston; league pressure led Stallions ownership to reactivate the then-dormant Montreal Alouettes instead. </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">Norfolk Pirates/Hampton Roads Pirates </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton, Virginia</a> </td> <td>1996 </td> <td>Owners for the <a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Pirates" title="Shreveport Pirates">Shreveport Pirates</a> attempted to relocate the team to either Norfolk or Hampton, Virginia. However, the city refused to invest $400,000 in renovations after finding out about multiple lawsuits against the owners and the venture was abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-93">[k]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">Proposed second Shreveport team </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, Louisiana</a> </td> <td>1996 </td> <td>Investment group <a href="/wiki/Ark-LA-Tex" class="mw-redirect" title="Ark-LA-Tex">Ark-LA-Tex</a> Football Association had prepared to purchase the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Barracudas" title="Birmingham Barracudas">Birmingham Barracudas</a> for $750,000 and relocate them to Shreveport, replacing the former Pirates; however, the CFL cancelled its US expansion before the relocation could take place.<a href="#cite_note-94">[83]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">Proposed Milwaukee team </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>, Wisconsin </td> <td>1996 </td> <td>As the <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Posse" title="Las Vegas Posse">Las Vegas Posse</a> looked for a place to relocate the floundering franchise, Milwaukee, backed by real estate developer Marvin Fishman and original owner of the <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Bucks" title="Milwaukee Bucks">Milwaukee Bucks</a> looked to bring a CFL team to the city. The bid saw then CFL Commissioner Larry Smith giving a press conference at <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_County_Stadium" title="Milwaukee County Stadium">Milwaukee County Stadium</a>, but the proposal fell through when the CFL suspended its US operations.<a href="#cite_note-95">[84]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">Proposed Quebec City team </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a>, Quebec </td> <td>2006 </td> <td>As the <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Renegades" title="Ottawa Renegades">Ottawa Renegades</a>' financial woes became apparent, a business group from Quebec City emerged attempting to relocate the team to their city. The venture was ultimately abandoned and the franchise was suspended by the league and later sold to Ottawa Sports and Entertainment Group. </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Schooners_Sports_and_Entertainment" title="Schooners Sports and Entertainment">Atlantic Schooners (2)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax, Nova Scotia</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Moncton,_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Moncton, New Brunswick">Moncton, New Brunswick</a> </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>Committed to by the league in 2021. In 2023 Schooners Sports and Entertainment abandoned its involvement in pursuing a team for Atlantic Canada.<a href="#cite_note-DaveNaylor-31523-96">[85]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Notes <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> French audio/broadcast </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> The Hamilton Tiger-Cats were created in 1950 as a merger between the <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Tigers_(football)" title="Hamilton Tigers (football)">Hamilton Tigers</a> (founded in 1869 as the Hamilton Football Club)<a href="#cite_note-Football_Canada_timeline-7">[6]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Wildcats" title="Hamilton Wildcats">Hamilton Wildcats</a> (founded in 1941). </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> The CFL considers the current Montreal Alouettes franchise to be a continuation of the original Montreal Alouettes (founded 1946, played in the CFL <a href="/wiki/1958_CFL_season" title="1958 CFL season">1958</a>–<a href="/wiki/1981_CFL_season" title="1981 CFL season">1981</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Concordes" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Concordes">Montreal Concordes</a> (founded <a href="/wiki/1982_CFL_season" title="1982 CFL season">1982</a>, renamed the Montreal Alouettes in <a href="/wiki/1986_CFL_season" title="1986 CFL season">1986</a>, folded just before the <a href="/wiki/1987_CFL_season" title="1987 CFL season">1987 season</a>).<a href="#cite_note-CFL.ca_Alouttes_History-73">[71]</a> However this does not include the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Football_Club" title="Montreal Football Club">Montreal Football Club</a> that was formed in 1872, and joined the IRFU in 1907–1915, and the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_AAA_Winged_Wheelers" title="Montreal AAA Winged Wheelers">Montreal AAA Winged Wheelers</a>, who played in the IRFU during the 1930s and 40s, winning the Grey Cup in 1931. While the current incarnation of the Alouettes inherited many of the players and staff of the Baltimore Stallions, the CFL considers the Stallions a separate entity. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> All Ottawa clubs including the previous <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Rough_Riders" title="Ottawa Rough Riders">Rough Riders</a> (1876–1996) and <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Renegades" title="Ottawa Renegades">Renegades</a> (2002–2006) are combined with the current Redblacks for historical consistency only, even though the CFL considers them separate clubs. </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> While football in Edmonton was first played in 1890,<a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a> the Edmonton Elks (in their current incarnation) recognize their first season in 1949.<a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a> This was further evidenced by the "60 seasons" decals worn on their helmets during the <a href="/wiki/2008_Edmonton_Eskimos_season" title="2008 Edmonton Eskimos season">2008 season</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Became the Saskatchewan Roughriders officially in 1950, after the team became the only pro football team left in the province in 1948. The Roughriders were originally called the Regina Rugby Football club from 1910 to 1924. then called the Regina Roughriders from 1925 to 1949. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Created by a merger of the Winnipegs and the St. John's team on June 10, 1930, and become known as the "Winnipeg Pegs" before changing to the current name, Blue Bombers, in 1937.<a href="#cite_note-84">[78]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> Franchise folded after the 1995 season. Owner and most players moved to the revived Montreal Alouettes in 1996; the league considers the Stallions a separate franchise from the Alouettes. </li> <li id="cite_note-SA-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SA_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SA_87-1">b</a> The <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Riders" title="San Antonio Riders">San Antonio Texans</a> formed in 1993 folded before playing a game. The 1995 Texans team were the former Sacramento Gold Miners, who moved to San Antonio in 1995. </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> Both the Mississippi and the Miami teams were to use the franchise of the Las Vegas Posse. Mississippi was included on the 1995 draft schedule, but disagreements with the Posse's ownership led to the sale falling through. The Miami ownership group would have put the franchise back onto the field in 1996, but the league withdrew from the United States prior to the 1996 season. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> After two seasons in Shreveport, posting an 8–28 record, team owner Lonie Glieberman intended to relocate them to Virginia. There, he agreed to rename them the Hampton Roads Pirates or Norfolk Pirates if the city paid $400,000 for stadium renovations. Local politicians declined Glieberman's request upon learning that he had lawsuits pending in Louisiana.<a href="#cite_note-92">[82]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline">Timeline</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Timeline" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_2hby7a9t34vldrhud8b8kwysqqeka7j"></map><img usemap="#timeline_2hby7a9t34vldrhud8b8kwysqqeka7j" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/2hby7a9t34vldrhud8b8kwysqqeka7j.png"></div> Note: team franchise history is listed as it is recognized by the CFL in its publication CFL Guide and Record Book (2017).<a href="#cite_note-97">[86]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Season_structure">Season structure</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Season structure" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthony_Calvillo_game_action,_93rd_Grey_Cup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Anthony_Calvillo_game_action%2C_93rd_Grey_Cup.jpg/220px-Anthony_Calvillo_game_action%2C_93rd_Grey_Cup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Anthony_Calvillo_game_action%2C_93rd_Grey_Cup.jpg/220px-Anthony_Calvillo_game_action%2C_93rd_Grey_Cup.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Anthony_Calvillo_game_action%2C_93rd_Grey_Cup.jpg/330px-Anthony_Calvillo_game_action%2C_93rd_Grey_Cup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Anthony_Calvillo_game_action%2C_93rd_Grey_Cup.jpg/440px-Anthony_Calvillo_game_action%2C_93rd_Grey_Cup.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Alouettes" title="Montreal Alouettes">Montreal Alouettes</a> quarterback <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Calvillo" title="Anthony Calvillo">Anthony Calvillo</a> looks down field with the ball during the <a href="/wiki/2005_Grey_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="2005 Grey Cup">2005 Grey Cup</a> game against the <a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Eskimos" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmonton Eskimos">Edmonton Eskimos</a> at <a href="/wiki/BC_Place" title="BC Place">BC Place</a>.</figcaption></figure> Since <a href="/wiki/2022_CFL_season" title="2022 CFL season">2022</a>, the CFL season has included: <ul><li>A two-game, three-week exhibition season (or pre-season) in late May to early June</li> <li>An 18-game, 21-week regular season running from early June to late October</li> <li>A six-team, three-week <a href="/wiki/Single_elimination" class="mw-redirect" title="Single elimination">single elimination</a> <a href="/wiki/Playoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Playoff">playoff</a> tournament beginning in early November and culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Grey_Cup" title="Grey Cup">Grey Cup</a> championship in late November. Championship teams will play either two or three playoff games, including the Grey Cup game, depending on their standing at the end of the regular season. The division leaders at the end of the regular season receive byes in the first round of the playoffs.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preseason">Preseason</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Preseason" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Team training camps open 28 days prior to the first regular season game of the season, a camp solely devoted to first year players is allowed the three days before the main camp opens. The pre-season exhibition schedule is two weeks long with each team playing two games against teams from its own division. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regular_season">Regular season</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Regular season" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The regular season is 21 weeks long, with games beginning in early June and finishing by late October. With 18 regular season games being played, each team gets three bye weeks. The CFL's nine current teams are divided into two divisions: the <a href="/wiki/East_Division_(CFL)" title="East Division (CFL)">East Division</a> with four teams and the <a href="/wiki/West_Division_(CFL)" title="West Division (CFL)">West Division</a>, with five teams. From the 1986 season until the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> (other than during the U.S. expansion when the league had twelve and thirteen teams) each team played two games against each of the other eight teams, plus two or four additional divisional games with opponents rotating each season. This format was changed when the league resumed play in 2021 to create a greater emphasis on divisional play. Under the eighteen game format, each Eastern team played ten games within their division and eight games against Western opponents, thus playing two of the Western teams once (one at home and one on the road) and the other three Western teams twice, while playing two Eastern opponents three times and one division rival four times. Three of the Western teams played each division rival three times, two Eastern teams twice and two Eastern teams once. The remaining two Western teams played three of the Eastern opponents twice and one of the Eastern opponents once, while playing each other twice and the other Western teams three times. The CFL returned to the previous more balanced format beginning in the <a href="/wiki/2024_CFL_season" title="2024 CFL season">2024 season</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[87]</a> The most popular featured week in the CFL season is the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Day_Classic" title="Labour Day Classic">Labour Day Classic</a>, played over the course of the Labour Day weekend, where the matchups feature the first half of home-and-home series between the traditional geographic rivalries of Toronto–Hamilton (a rivalry which began in 1873<a href="#cite_note-Football_Canada_timeline-7">[6]</a>), Edmonton–Calgary (see <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alberta#Elks_vs._Stampeders" title="Battle of Alberta">Battle of Alberta</a>), Winnipeg–Saskatchewan, and Ottawa–Montreal. In years that Ottawa or Montreal were not in the league, BC played against one of these teams.<a href="#cite_note-2007_schedule_announcement-99">[88]</a> The following week's rematch of these games is a popular event as well, especially in recent years, where the rematch of the Saskatchewan–Winnipeg game has been dubbed the <a href="/wiki/Banjo_Bowl" title="Banjo Bowl">Banjo Bowl</a>. Other features of the regular season schedule are the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Football Hall of Fame">Hall of Fame</a> Game and the <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_Day_Classic" title="Thanksgiving Day Classic">Thanksgiving Day Classic</a>, the one or two games held on <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(Canada)" title="Thanksgiving (Canada)">Thanksgiving</a> where the match ups usually do not feature traditional rivalries. From 2010 to 2013, a neutral site regular season game was played in <a href="/wiki/Moncton" title="Moncton">Moncton</a> under the name <a href="/wiki/Touchdown_Atlantic" title="Touchdown Atlantic">Touchdown Atlantic</a>. The neutral site games returned in 2019 and were also played in 2022, 2023, and 2024. The league awards points based on regular season results (much like in most ice hockey leagues, but unlike the NFL, which strictly uses winning percentages to determine their standings; two points are awarded for a win, one for a tie and none for a loss). As of the 2021 season, in the event two or more teams in a division finish the season with the same number of points, the tie is broken based on the following criteria (in descending order), with coin tosses used if all such tie-breaker steps fail:<a href="#cite_note-100">[89]</a> <ul><li>Number of wins in all games;</li> <li>Winning percentage in games between the tied teams;</li> <li>Net aggregate of points scored (i.e. total points scored less total points conceded) between the tied teams;</li> <li>Net quotient of points scored (i.e. total points scored divided by total points conceded) between the tied teams;</li> <li>Winning percentage in divisional games;</li> <li>Net aggregate of points scored in divisional games;</li> <li>Net quotient of points scored in divisional games;</li> <li>Net aggregate of points scored in all games;</li> <li>Net quotient of points scored in all games.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Playoffs">Playoffs</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Playoffs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Playoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Playoff">playoffs</a> take place in November. After the regular season, the top team from each division has an automatic home berth in the division final, and a bye week during the division semifinal. The second-place team from each division hosts the third-place team in the division semifinal, unless a fourth-place team from one division finishes with a better record than a third place team in the other (this provision is known as the crossover rule, and while it implies that it is possible for two teams in the same division to play for the Grey Cup, only five crossover teams have won a semifinal since the rule's 1996 inception, and none of them have advanced to the Grey Cup). The winners of each division's semifinal game then travel to play the first place teams in the division finals. The two division champions then face each other in the <a href="/wiki/Grey_Cup" title="Grey Cup">Grey Cup</a> game, which, since <a href="/wiki/109th_Grey_Cup" title="109th Grey Cup">2022</a>, has been held on the third Sunday of November; for 2021, the game was played in December, which was the first time this had happened since <a href="/wiki/60th_Grey_Cup" title="60th Grey Cup">1972</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grey_Cup">Grey Cup</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Grey Cup" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grey_Cup_circa_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Grey_Cup_circa_2006.jpg/125px-Grey_Cup_circa_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="288" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="843" data-file-height="1944"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 125px;height: 288px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Grey_Cup_circa_2006.jpg/125px-Grey_Cup_circa_2006.jpg" data-width="125" data-height="288" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Grey_Cup_circa_2006.jpg/188px-Grey_Cup_circa_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Grey_Cup_circa_2006.jpg/250px-Grey_Cup_circa_2006.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Grey_Cup" title="Grey Cup">Grey Cup</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Grey_Cup_champions" title="List of Grey Cup champions">List of Grey Cup champions</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Grey_Cup" title="Grey Cup">Grey Cup</a> is both the name of the championship of the CFL and the name of the trophy awarded to the victorious team. The Grey Cup is the second-oldest trophy in North American professional sports, after the Stanley Cup. The Grey Cup game is hosted in one of the league's member cities. In recent years, it has been hosted in a different city every year, selected two or more years in advance. The Toronto Argonauts have won the most Grey Cups with 19 wins total, most recently in 2024. In 2013, the Grey Cup was won at home for the third consecutive time (by the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Roughriders" title="Saskatchewan Roughriders">Saskatchewan Roughriders</a>), which had not been done since <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Argonauts" title="Toronto Argonauts">Toronto</a> won at home from 1945 to 1947. In 2016, the Grey Cup was won on the natural grass turf of <a href="/wiki/BMO_Field" title="BMO Field">BMO Field</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Redblacks" title="Ottawa Redblacks">Ottawa Redblacks</a> beating the heavily favoured <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Stampeders" title="Calgary Stampeders">Calgary Stampeders</a> 39–33 in overtime; the first Grey Cup championship for any Ottawa CFL team in 40 years. As the country's single largest annual sporting event, the Grey Cup has long served as an unofficial Canadian autumn festival generating national media coverage and a large amount of revenue for the host city.<a href="#cite_note-Houston_2006-12-20-4">[3]</a> Many fans travel from across the country to attend the game and the week of festivities that lead up to it. Since 2015, the Grey Cup game's presenting sponsor is <a href="/wiki/Shaw_Communications" title="Shaw Communications">Shaw Communications</a>.<a href="#cite_note-global-shawgreycupdeal-101">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Awards" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Following the Grey Cup game, the <a href="/wiki/Grey_Cup_Most_Valuable_Player" title="Grey Cup Most Valuable Player">Grey Cup Most Valuable Player</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grey_Cup_Most_Valuable_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey Cup Most Valuable Canadian">Grey Cup Most Valuable Canadian</a> are selected. A number of league individual player awards, such as the <a href="/wiki/CFL%27s_Most_Outstanding_Player_Award" title="CFL's Most Outstanding Player Award">Most Outstanding Player</a> and <a href="/wiki/CFL%27s_Most_Outstanding_Defensive_Player_Award" title="CFL's Most Outstanding Defensive Player Award">Most Outstanding Defensive Player</a>, are awarded annually at a special ceremony in the host city during the week before the Grey Cup game; this ceremony is broadcast nationally on <a href="/wiki/The_Sports_Network" title="The Sports Network">TSN</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Annis_Stukus_Trophy" title="Annis Stukus Trophy">Annis Stukus Trophy</a>, also known as the Coach of the Year Award, is awarded separately at a banquet held during the off-season each February. While the CFL has not held an <a href="/wiki/All-star_game" title="All-star game">all-star game</a> since <a href="/wiki/1988_CFL_season" title="1988 CFL season">1988</a>, an All-Star Team is selected and honoured at the league awards ceremony during Grey Cup week. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Broadcasting">Broadcasting</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Broadcasting" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Grey_Cup_broadcasters" title="List of Grey Cup broadcasters">List of Grey Cup broadcasters</a></div> The CFL Championship game, the Grey Cup, previously held the record for the largest television audience in Canadian history. Television coverage on CBC, CTV and Radio-Canada of the 1983 Grey Cup attracted a viewing audience of 8,118,000 people[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] as Toronto edged B.C. 18–17, ending a 31-year championship drought for the Argonauts. At the time, this represented 33% of the Canadian population.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] This has since been surpassed by the 2002 and <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2010_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament#Television_ratings" title="Ice hockey at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament">2010</a> Men's Olympic Gold Medal Hockey Game.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canadian_broadcasters">Canadian broadcasters</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Canadian broadcasters" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Currently, the official television broadcasters of CFL games are cable network <a href="/wiki/The_Sports_Network" title="The Sports Network">TSN</a> (which began televising CFL games in <a href="/wiki/1985_CFL_season" title="1985 CFL season">1985</a>), while TSN's French-language network <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_des_sports" title="Réseau des sports">RDS</a> broadcasts <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Alouettes" title="Montreal Alouettes">Montreal Alouettes</a> games for the <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> television market.<a href="#cite_note-CFL.ca_Broadcast-102">[91]</a> Games are typically scheduled for Thursday to Saturday evenings during June, July and August, but switch to more Saturday and Sunday afternoon games during September and October.<a href="#cite_note-CFL.ca_Schedule-103">[92]</a> TSN has created a tradition of at least one Friday night game each week, branded as <a href="/wiki/Friday_Night_Football_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Friday Night Football (Canada)">Friday Night Football</a>. CBC and TSN drew record television audiences for CFL broadcasts in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-CFL.ca_2006-04-17-104">[93]</a> The 2006 season was the first season in which every regular-season game was televised, as the league implemented an <a href="/wiki/Instant_replay" title="Instant replay">instant replay</a> challenge system.<a href="#cite_note-CFL.ca_2006-06-13-105">[94]</a> In 2006, the CFL also began offering pay-per-view webcasts of every game on CFL Broadband.<a href="#cite_note-CFL.ca_2006-06-22-106">[95]</a> Until the end of the <a href="/wiki/2007_CFL_season" title="2007 CFL season">2007 season</a>, CBC and RDS were the exclusive television broadcasters for all playoff games, including the <a href="/wiki/Grey_Cup" title="Grey Cup">Grey Cup</a>, which regularly draws a <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadian</a> viewing audience in excess of 4 million.<a href="#cite_note-Houston_2006-11-20-107">[96]</a> In <a href="/wiki/2008_CFL_season" title="2008 CFL season">2008</a>, the CFL began a new, five-year television deal with <a href="/wiki/Bell_Media" title="Bell Media">CTVglobemedia</a>. Valued at $16 million per-year, it gave TSN and RDS exclusive rights to all CFL games, including the playoffs and Grey Cup.<a href="#cite_note-Houston_2006-12-20-4">[3]</a> In March 2013, TSN exercised an option to extend its contract through 2018. In 2015, the deal was extended for an additional three years, along with exclusive Grey Cup rights for <a href="/wiki/Bell_Media_Radio" title="Bell Media Radio">Bell Media Radio</a> stations.<a href="#cite_note-108">[97]</a> In June 2024, <a href="/wiki/Bell_Media" title="Bell Media">Bell Media</a> announced that <a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a> would broadcast TSN-produced <a href="/wiki/2024_CFL_season" title="2024 CFL season">2024 season</a> coverage on <a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_Canada" title="Digital television in Canada">digital terrestrial television</a>, including a late-season package of exclusive 3 p.m. ET games beginning on September 7, continuing with playoff coverage of the <a href="/wiki/East_Division_(CFL)" title="East Division (CFL)">East Division</a>, and concluding with a simulcast of the <a href="/wiki/111th_Grey_Cup" title="111th Grey Cup">111th Grey Cup</a>; returning the CFL to over-the-air television for the first time since 2007.<a href="#cite_note-109">[98]</a> As of 2024, the CFL's agreement with TSN, CTV and RDS runs through the 2026 CFL season.<a href="#cite_note-ambrosieresigns-70">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_coverage">Foreign coverage</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Foreign coverage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 2013, the CFL announced that its U.S. broadcast rights would return to the <a href="/wiki/ESPN_Inc." title="ESPN Inc.">ESPN Networks</a> for the 2013 season, with five games airing on <a href="/wiki/ESPN2" title="ESPN2">ESPN2</a>, and 55 airing on <a href="/wiki/ESPN3" title="ESPN3">ESPN3</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[99]</a> This agreement was renewed in 2014 for five years, the same length as the TSN deal (ESPN holds a stake in TSN), with a stipulation that at least 17 games would be carried on ESPN2 (or another ESPN network, such as <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a> or <a href="/wiki/ESPNEWS" class="mw-redirect" title="ESPNEWS">ESPNEWS</a>) each season, including the Grey Cup; this gives ESPN exclusive CFL rights during this time frame. Originally <a href="/wiki/ESPN3" title="ESPN3">ESPN3</a> carried all games not carried on one of the linear channels online, later ESPN moved those games to <a href="/wiki/ESPN%2B" title="ESPN+">ESPN+</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-espnpressroomjune2014-113">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[103]</a> ESPN has had a long relationship with the CFL; the channel broadcast its first CFL game on July 9, 1980, when the network was only 10 months old.<a href="#cite_note-115">[104]</a> On April 27, 2023, <a href="/wiki/CBS_Sports_Network" title="CBS Sports Network">CBS Sports Network</a> announced a multi-year broadcasting rights deal with the league, becoming the U.S. TV rightsholder to the league; the channel broadcast 34 CFL games during the first three months of the 2023 season.<a href="#cite_note-116">[105]</a> CBSSN's 2024 broadcast package consisted of the majority of June, July, and August games, and the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Day_Classic" title="Labour Day Classic">Labour Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_Day_Classic" title="Thanksgiving Day Classic">Thanksgiving Day</a> Classics. <a href="/wiki/ESPN_Brasil" class="mw-redirect" title="ESPN Brasil">ESPN Brasil</a> began broadcasting CFL games live in Brazil in 2015, as a result of the growth of the NFL and college football fan base in Brazil.<a href="#cite_note-117">[106]</a> <a href="/wiki/BT_Sport" class="mw-redirect" title="BT Sport">BT Sport</a>, which has a licensing partnership with ESPN, has also carried CFL games in Britain and Ireland since 2015.<a href="#cite_note-118">[107]</a> In June 2019, the CFL signed a broadcast deal with <a href="/wiki/MVS_Comunicaciones" title="MVS Comunicaciones">MVS Comunicaciones</a> to broadcast one game a week in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> on <a href="/wiki/MVS_TV" title="MVS TV">MVS TV</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Previous_broadcasting_arrangements">Previous broadcasting arrangements</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Previous broadcasting arrangements" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada">Canada</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Canada" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Canadian_Football_League" title="Special:EditPage/Canadian Football League">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (August 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The public broadcaster <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC Television</a>, which held a monopoly on Canadian television until 1961, held Canadian professional football broadcast rights beginning the year of its debut, 1952. The private, commercial <a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a> network was created in 1961 in part because Toronto businessman <a href="/wiki/John_W._H._Bassett" title="John W. H. Bassett">John W. H. Bassett</a> had won the television rights to the Eastern Football Conference, and needed an outlet to air the games. From <a href="/wiki/1962_CFL_season" title="1962 CFL season">1962</a> through <a href="/wiki/1986_CFL_season" title="1986 CFL season">1986</a>, CBC and CTV shared CFL broadcasting rights. They split playoff games and <a href="/wiki/Simulcast" title="Simulcast">simulcast</a> the Grey Cup. In 1962, <a href="/wiki/1965_CFL_season" title="1965 CFL season">1965</a>, <a href="/wiki/1967_CFL_season" title="1967 CFL season">1967</a>, <a href="/wiki/1968_CFL_season" title="1968 CFL season">1968</a> and <a href="/wiki/1970_CFL_season" title="1970 CFL season">1970</a>, CTV commentators were used for the dual network telecast, while in <a href="/wiki/1963_CFL_season" title="1963 CFL season">1963</a>, <a href="/wiki/1964_CFL_season" title="1964 CFL season">1964</a>, <a href="/wiki/1966_CFL_season" title="1966 CFL season">1966</a> and <a href="/wiki/1969_CFL_season" title="1969 CFL season">1969</a>, the CBC's announcers were provided. From <a href="/wiki/1971_CFL_season" title="1971 CFL season">1971</a> through <a href="/wiki/1986_CFL_season" title="1986 CFL season">1986</a>, one network's crew called the first half while the other called the other half. After the 1986 season, CTV dropped coverage of the CFL and the Grey Cup. From <a href="/wiki/1987_CFL_season" title="1987 CFL season">1987</a> through <a href="/wiki/1990_CFL_season" title="1990 CFL season">1990</a>, the CFL operated its own syndicated network, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_Network" title="Canadian Football Network">CFN</a>. Like CTV, CFN split playoff games with CBC. However, CFN had completely separate coverage of the Grey Cup, utilizing its own production and commentators. From <a href="/wiki/1991_CFL_season" title="1991 CFL season">1991</a> to <a href="/wiki/2007_CFL_season" title="2007 CFL season">2007</a>, all post-season games had been exclusively on CBC; beginning in <a href="/wiki/2008_CFL_season" title="2008 CFL season">2008</a>, the Grey Cup and all other CFL games are exclusive to cable TV on <a href="/wiki/The_Sports_Network" title="The Sports Network">TSN</a>, although the cable provider reserves the right to move the game to sister network CTV (from 2008 to 2023, it had never done so, opting to broadcast that Sunday's NFL games on CTV instead.) <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: United States" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The predecessor to the CFL's East Division, the IRFU, had a television contract with <a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports" title="NBC Sports">NBC</a> in 1954 that provided far more coverage than the NFL's existing contract with <a href="/wiki/DuMont_Television_Network" title="DuMont Television Network">DuMont</a>. NBC aired games on Saturday afternoons, competing against college football broadcasts on CBS and ABC. The revenue from the contract allowed the IRFU to directly compete against the NFL for players in the late 1950s, setting up a series of CFL games in the United States beginning in 1958 and a series of interleague exhibitions beginning in 1959. Interest in the CFL in the United States faded dramatically after the debut of the <a href="/wiki/American_Football_League" title="American Football League">American Football League</a> in 1960.<a href="#cite_note-120">[109]</a> In 1982, during a players' strike in the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a>, NBC broadcast CFL games in the United States in lieu of the NFL games which were cancelled; the first week of broadcasts featured the <a href="/wiki/NFL_on_NBC" title="NFL on NBC">NFL on NBC</a> broadcast teams, before a series of blowout games on the network and the resulting low ratings resulted in NBC cutting back and eventually cancelling its CFL coverage after only a few weeks. ESPN host <a href="/wiki/Chris_Berman" title="Chris Berman">Chris Berman</a> became a fan of the game in the early days of ESPN, when the network first aired CFL games, and continues to cover the Canadian league on-air.<a href="#cite_note-121">[110]</a> The now-defunct <a href="/wiki/SCORE_(television)" class="mw-redirect" title="SCORE (television)">FNN-SCORE</a> (unrelated to the Canadian cable network formerly known as The Score [now <a href="/wiki/Sportsnet_360" title="Sportsnet 360">Sportsnet 360</a>]) carried games in the late 1980s. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, <a href="/wiki/SportsChannel_America" class="mw-redirect" title="SportsChannel America">SportsChannel America</a> carried games, using <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC Television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_Network" title="Canadian Football Network">CFN</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Sports_Network" title="The Sports Network">TSN</a> feeds. In <a href="/wiki/1993_CFL_season" title="1993 CFL season">1993</a>, several <a href="/wiki/SportsChannel_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="SportsChannel Pacific">SportsChannel Pacific</a>-produced games that were part of the <a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Gold_Miners" title="Sacramento Gold Miners">Sacramento Gold Miners</a>' local package were also shown nationally. Beginning in <a href="/wiki/1994_CFL_season" title="1994 CFL season">1994</a>, with now four US-based teams in the league, <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a> reached a four-year deal with the league to produce and air two games per week and all post-season games on its fledgling <a href="/wiki/ESPN2" title="ESPN2">ESPN2</a>. They also put some games on the main network to fill broadcast time vacated by the <a href="/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395_Major_League_Baseball_strike" title="1994–95 Major League Baseball strike">1994–95 Major League Baseball strike</a>. The 1994 and 1995 Grey Cups were shown live on ESPN2 and then re-aired on ESPN the following day, leading into the network's <a href="/wiki/Monday_Night_Countdown" title="Monday Night Countdown">Monday Night Countdown</a> show. ESPN's on-air talent included a mix of the network's <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> broadcasters and established CFL broadcasters from Canada. Most of the US-based teams also had deals with local carriers to show games that were not covered in the national package. Though there were no US teams in the league after 1995, ESPN2 continued showing games until 1997, albeit on a much lighter schedule. The now-defunct <a href="/wiki/America_One" title="America One">America One</a> network held CFL broadcast rights in the United States from 2001 to 2009 and aired a majority of the league's games.<a href="#cite_note-CFL.ca_2007-06-13-122">[111]</a> Until the <a href="/wiki/2007_CFL_season" title="2007 CFL season">2007 season</a>, America One syndicated CFL games to <a href="/wiki/Regional_sports_network" title="Regional sports network">regional sports networks</a> like <a href="/wiki/Altitude_Sports_and_Entertainment" title="Altitude Sports and Entertainment">Altitude</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_England_Sports_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="New England Sports Network">NESN</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Sports_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-Atlantic Sports Network">MASN</a>; these were discontinued in <a href="/wiki/2008_CFL_season" title="2008 CFL season">2008</a>, mainly because America One and the CFL were able to reach a deal only days before the season began, not allowing the network time to establish agreements with individual RSNs. The Grey Cup aired on <a href="/wiki/Versus_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Versus (TV channel)">Versus</a> on November 22, 2008, with a replay the next day on America One. From 2006 through the 2008 season, Friday Night Football was carried exclusively on World Sport HD in the United States; however, due to the January 2009 shutdown of that channel's parent company, <a href="/wiki/Voom_HD_Networks" title="Voom HD Networks">Voom HD Networks</a>, America One reclaimed those rights. <a href="/wiki/NFL_Network" title="NFL Network">NFL Network</a> took over the league broadcast contract in 2010. For the 2010 season, the network carried 14 games, no more than one each week.<a href="#cite_note-NFL.com_2010-06-30-123">[112]</a> For 2011, the network increased its output to two games each week.<a href="#cite_note-124">[113]</a> NFL Network declined to continue its coverage after the 2011 season.<a href="#cite_note-125">[114]</a> It offered to pick up another package in 2019 on the condition that the league change its schedule to not directly compete with the NFL regular season,<a href="#cite_note-126">[115]</a> something that the CFL stated needs to be negotiated with the players' union.<a href="#cite_note-CBA_talks-127">[116]</a> In late July 2012, <a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC Sports Network">NBC Sports Network</a> acquired rights to the CFL for the remainder of the 2012 season. The NBCSN deal included nine regular season games starting August 27 (including <a href="/wiki/Labour_Day_Classic" title="Labour Day Classic">Labour Day Classic</a> games) and all the playoffs.<a href="#cite_note-128">[117]</a> NBC Sports renewed their agreement with the CFL for the 2013 season.<a href="#cite_note-129">[118]</a> ESPN regained the U.S. CFL broadcast rights in 2014, airing games until 2022.<a href="#cite_note-espnpressroomjune2014-113">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[119]</a> The European <a href="/wiki/ESPN_America" title="ESPN America">ESPN America</a> network carried a collection of CFL games as part of its lineup until the network shut down in 2013. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet">Internet</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Internet" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> There are no blackout restrictions on radio broadcasts of CFL games, while TSN streams all games online for <a href="/wiki/TV_Everywhere" title="TV Everywhere">authenticated subscribers to participating television providers</a>. The majority of games not on ESPN television channels are streamed in the United States via the subscription service <a href="/wiki/ESPN%2B" title="ESPN+">ESPN+</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[120]</a> In 2017, the league announced a partnership with Yare Media to offer subscription streaming packages in 130 international territories.<a href="#cite_note-132">[121]</a> In 2023, the league announced the creation of CFL+, which made free, live streaming of every regular-season game available to all international viewers outside of the United States and Canada; for those in the United States, all games not being carried on CBS Sports Network were similarly available.<a href="#cite_note-133">[122]</a> In 2024, the league expanded functionality of CFL+ to include <a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">video on demand</a> for up to 48 hours after the game and coverage of the league's preseason matches by combining in-stadium video feeds with local radio play-by-play and commentary.<a href="#cite_note-134">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Radio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> CFL teams have individual local broadcast contracts with terrestrial radio stations for regular season and playoff games, while <a href="/wiki/TSN_Radio" title="TSN Radio">TSN Radio</a> owns the rights to the Grey Cup.<a href="#cite_note-CFL.ca_Broadcast-102">[91]</a> In 2006, <a href="/wiki/Sirius_Satellite_Radio" title="Sirius Satellite Radio">Sirius Satellite Radio</a> gained exclusive rights for North American CFL <a href="/wiki/Satellite_radio" title="Satellite radio">satellite radio</a> broadcasts and broadcast 25 CFL games per season, including the Grey Cup, through 2008.<a href="#cite_note-CFL_Gets_Sirius_2006-04-24-135">[124]</a> Sirius later extended its radio coverage through 2010,<a href="#cite_note-136">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[126]</a> after which it merged with former rival <a href="/wiki/XM_Radio_Canada" title="XM Radio Canada">XM Radio Canada</a> to form <a href="/wiki/Sirius_XM_Canada" title="Sirius XM Canada">Sirius XM Canada</a>. The merged broadcaster continues to air CFL games, and as of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit">[update]</a>, is contracted to air the CFL until the 2023 season.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] English language broadcasts of every CFL game air on <a href="/wiki/Canada_Talks" title="Canada Talks">Canada Talks</a>, with French-language broadcasts of the Montreal Alouettes broadcast on <a href="/wiki/Influence_Franco" class="mw-redirect" title="Influence Franco">Influence Franco</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[127]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Players_and_compensation">Players and compensation</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Players and compensation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salary_cap_(2024)">Salary cap (2024)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Salary cap (2024)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> According to the new collective bargaining agreement, the 2024 <a href="/wiki/Salary_cap" title="Salary cap">salary cap</a> will at least CA$5,585,000 (or CA$124,111 per active roster spot).<a href="#cite_note-CBA-3DN-139">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBA-NP-140">[129]</a> This will be the first season that players will begin to receive revenue sharing, which will be set at 25% this season (or cap increase of 2.78% for every dollar increase).<a href="#cite_note-CBA-3DN-139">[128]</a> The salary cap is officially announced in late April every year as well as fines from previous year. As was the case in <a href="/wiki/2023_CFL_season" title="2023 CFL season">2023</a>, the minimum player salary will be set at CA$70,000.<a href="#cite_note-CBA-3DN-139">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBA-NP-140">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CFL_operations_cap_(2024)">CFL operations cap (2024)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: CFL operations cap (2024)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As of the 2024 season<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit">[update]</a>, CFL teams have a CA$2,500,000 operations caps which limits the number of people per team drawing salaries for football operations to 11 coaches and 25 total people in total. That includes the general manager as well as scouts, video personnel, and equipment staff.<a href="#cite_note-CBA-RLP-141">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_player_compensation_and_revenue">Historical player compensation and revenue</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Historical player compensation and revenue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The CFLPA agreed to include a provision allowing the CFL to enforce a <a href="/wiki/Salary_cap" title="Salary cap">salary cap</a> in the 2002 <a href="/wiki/Collective_agreement" title="Collective agreement">Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA)</a>,<a href="#cite_note-142">[131]</a> but the league began enforcing it only from the <a href="/wiki/2007_CFL_season" title="2007 CFL season">2007 season</a> ($4.05 million per team) onward. The cap was raised to $4.2 million in the <a href="/wiki/2008_CFL_season" title="2008 CFL season">2008 season</a> and remained at that level for 2009.<a href="#cite_note-143">[132]</a> Financial penalties for teams that breach the cap are set at $1 to $1 for the first $100,000 over, $2 to $1 for $100,000 to $300,000 over, and $3 to $1 for $300,000 and above. Penalties could also include forfeited draft picks.<a href="#cite_note-CFL_Salary_Management_System-144">[133]</a> On June 29, 2010, a new collective bargaining agreement was ratified that raised the salary cap to $4.25 million for the <a href="/wiki/2010_CFL_season" title="2010 CFL season">2010 CFL season</a> and continued to increase by $50,000 each season until <a href="/wiki/2013_CFL_season" title="2013 CFL season">2013</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CBA2010-145">[134]</a> In <a href="/wiki/2014_CFL_season" title="2014 CFL season">2014</a>, a new <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Collective bargaining agreement">CBA</a> was ratified and the salary cap was raised to $5 million per team, with that amount increasing again by $50,000 each year until 2018.<a href="#cite_note-CBA2014-24">[23]</a> As per the 2019 collective bargaining agreement, the <a href="/wiki/2021_CFL_season" title="2021 CFL season">2021</a> <a href="/wiki/Salary_cap" title="Salary cap">salary expenditure cap</a> is scheduled to be $5,350,000 and with the minimum team salary set at $4,750,000.<a href="#cite_note-New_CBA_details-146">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lalji_with_details-147">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBA2020-148">[137]</a>: 90 The salary cap number was subject to increase as players now have revenue sharing of 20% from broadcast deals (outside of <a href="/wiki/The_Sports_Network" title="The Sports Network">TSN</a> and <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>), but since the league did not play in <a href="/wiki/2020_CFL_season" title="2020 CFL season">2020</a>, the cap number will likely be static.<a href="#cite_note-Lalji_with_details-147">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBA2020-148">[137]</a>: 90 For 2010, the minimum team salary was set at $3.9 million while the minimum player salary was set at $42,000.<a href="#cite_note-CBA2010-145">[134]</a> With the new CBA in 2014, the salary floor was raised to $4.4 million per team with increases of $50,000 per year, and the minimum salary was raised to $50,000 per year.<a href="#cite_note-CBA2014-24">[23]</a> The average salary per player in 2014 was CA$96,000.<a href="#cite_note-149">[138]</a> A new collective bargaining agreement was signed in 2019 that set the minimum annual player salary at $54,000, with that number increasing to $65,000 for National and American players in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-CBA2020-148">[137]</a>: 33 In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Reilly_(quarterback)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Reilly (quarterback)">Mike Reilly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bo_Levi_Mitchell" title="Bo Levi Mitchell">Bo Levi Mitchell</a> were the highest paid players in the CFL after signing contracts in February 2019 for average yearly salaries of over $700,000.<a href="#cite_note-150">[139]</a> Players designated as global players (see player designations) are paid the league minimum by rule and may have a portion of their salary sent back to their original home league as part of a partnership with the CFL.<a href="#cite_note-151">[140]</a> Player compensation is not tied to league revenue, which remains a <a href="/wiki/Trade_secret" title="Trade secret">trade secret</a>. Only the four publicly held teams in the league reveal their financial information, as those companies are required to do so under Canadian law. As of 2013, prior to Ottawa's rejoining the league (at which time Toronto, which is partially owned by a public company, was still fully private), estimates of the CFL's revenue varied between $150 million<a href="#cite_note-152">[141]</a> and CA$200 million.<a href="#cite_note-153">[142]</a> As of 2019, five of the CFL's nine teams (including all three community-owned franchises) are profitable, and four operate at a loss; those four teams lose more than the five profitable teams, resulting in a net loss of approximately CA$20 million overall.<a href="#cite_note-154">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Player_designations">Player designations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Player designations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Players in the CFL carry nationality designations referring to their country of origin: Nationals ("a Canadian citizen at the time of signing his first contract, was classified as a non-import prior to May 21, 2019, was physically resident in Canada for an aggregate period of five years prior to reaching the age of 18, or played football for a minimum of three years at a <a href="/wiki/U_Sports_football" title="U Sports football">U Sports</a> institution, was draft eligible in 2021 at a minimum, and has graduated with a degree at that institution"), Americans (non-National and non-Global players, almost exclusively used for United States citizens), and Globals (any player who does not hold Canadian or American citizenship and does not qualify as a National in any other way).<a href="#cite_note-CBA2020-148">[137]</a>: 44 In prior versions of the CFL CBA and league rules, National players were known as non-import players and American players were known as international (2014–2018) and import (before 2014) players, with the criteria to qualify as a non-import player being more restrictive.<a href="#cite_note-CBA2014-24">[23]</a> Global players were introduced in <a href="/wiki/2019_CFL_season" title="2019 CFL season">2019</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CBA2020-148">[137]</a>: 44 National players enter the CFL through the <a href="/wiki/CFL_Draft" class="mw-redirect" title="CFL Draft">CFL Draft</a> or free agency. Global players enter the CFL in a similar method as national players, with exclusive drafts held only for eligible players. American players are typically inducted by way of the negotiation list: any team can lay unilateral claim to up to 45 players that have never played in the CFL at any given time (each team must make at least ten of those names public as of 2018), with no limit on how long a player can be held on the list and no limit on how old the player must be (thus CFL teams can claim players not yet eligible for the <a href="/wiki/NFL_draft" title="NFL draft">NFL draft</a>). Once a player on a negotiation list expresses formal interest in joining the CFL, that team has up to ten days to offer a contract (usually a league-minimum, two-year contract) to retain the player's rights.<a href="#cite_note-155">[144]</a> Other than the names that are made public, the full list of names league-wide are a secret held from the general public and even from the other teams, with teams only finding out if a player is on another team's negotiating list if the league office tells them. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roster_limits">Roster limits</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Roster limits" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 2006, the active roster limit was increased from 40 to 42, in 2014 it was again increased to 44, and in 2016 was increased to 46.<a href="#cite_note-CBA2014-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-global1-156">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-razzleroster-157">[146]</a> An unlimited number of players may be put on a team's disabled, injured and suspended lists. As of <a href="/wiki/2021_CFL_season" title="2021 CFL season">2021</a>, each team must abide by the National/American/Global ratio rule, which requires teams to have two quarterbacks, two Global players, and a maximum of 20 American players (excluding quarterbacks) with a minimum of 44 total active roster players and a maximum of 45.<a href="#cite_note-global1-156">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBA2020-148">[137]</a>: 69 Each team will also have one player of any nationality on the reserve roster who receives the benefits of being on the active roster, but may not play in a game.<a href="#cite_note-CBA2020-148">[137]</a>: 69 Through the 2018 season, <a href="/wiki/Quarterback" title="Quarterback">quarterbacks</a>, of which a team was required to carry three on a roster, were not allowed to be counted toward the national player requirement nor the starter requirement, which put Canadian quarterbacks at a disadvantage compared to other positions in being hired by a CFL franchise.<a href="#cite_note-global1-156">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[147]</a> This rule was changed in 2019 whereby teams had two roster spots for quarterbacks and a third quarterback counted in the ratio.<a href="#cite_note-Lalji_with_details-147">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-New_CBA_details-146">[135]</a> Additionally, a National quarterback would be considered one of the club's National Starting Players as long as he remains on the field at the quarterback position.<a href="#cite_note-CBA2020-148">[137]</a>: 72 Teams are additionally allowed up to 10 national or international players (with a minimum of one national if there are less than seven players or two nationals if there are at least seven players total) on their <a href="/wiki/Practice_squad" title="Practice squad">practice squad</a> roster and may expand it to 12 if the team carries the maximum allowed two global practice squad players, though they are not required to do so.<a href="#cite_note-CFL_Salary_Management_System-144">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-global1-156">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-razzleroster-157">[146]</a> Every year, the practice squad roster is temporarily increased in size to 15 following the start of the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a>'s season to accommodate for the influx of cut NFL players.<a href="#cite_note-razzleroster-157">[146]</a> Unlike players on the active roster, players on the practice squad may be signed at any time to another team's active roster without compensation to the player's original team.<a href="#cite_note-razzleroster-157">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labour_representation">Labour representation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Labour representation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> CFL players are represented by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League_Players%27_Association" title="Canadian Football League Players' Association">Canadian Football League Players' Association</a> (CFLPA). Each team elects two players to the CFLPA Board of Player Representatives, which meets once per year. Every two years, it elects an executive Board of Directors.<a href="#cite_note-Organization_of_the_CFLPA-160">[149]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Draft">Draft</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Draft" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/CFL_Draft" class="mw-redirect" title="CFL Draft">CFL Draft</a></div> Eligible <a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationality_law" title="Canadian nationality law">Canadian nationals</a> (usually from <a href="/wiki/U_Sports_football" title="U Sports football">U Sports football</a> domestically or American <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">college football</a>) are drafted by teams in the annual <a href="/wiki/CFL_Draft" class="mw-redirect" title="CFL Draft">CFL Draft</a>. The draft usually takes place in May and currently consists of eight rounds. The first two rounds of the draft are usually shown live on TSN. The <a href="/wiki/CFL_Combine" title="CFL Combine">CFL Combine</a> (formerly known as the CFL Evaluation Camp), similar to the <a href="/wiki/NFL_Combine" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL Combine">NFL Combine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CFL_Evaluation_Camp-161">[150]</a> precedes the draft. A junior player in the locale of a team may be claimed as a territorial exemption and sign with that team before beginning collegiate play (one recent example is when the BC Lions claimed <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Harris_(Canadian_football)" title="Andrew Harris (Canadian football)">Andrew Harris</a>).<a href="#cite_note-tsn1-162">[151]</a> Teams maintain "negotiation lists" of players they wish to sign as <a href="/wiki/Free_agent" title="Free agent">free agents</a>, which give them exclusive negotiation rights with that player if they wish to sign in the CFL. Players can be added or removed from these lists by the team at any time, and their signing rights can be used in trades. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Commissioners">Commissioners</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Commissioners" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Commissioners </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Halter" title="Sydney Halter">Sydney Halter</a> </td> <td>1958–1966 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Keith_Davey" title="Keith Davey">Keith Davey</a> </td> <td>1967 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ted_Workman" title="Ted Workman">Ted Workman</a> (interim) </td> <td>1967 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Allan_McEachern" title="Allan McEachern">Allan McEachern</a> </td> <td>1967–1968 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jake_Gaudaur" title="Jake Gaudaur">Jake Gaudaur</a> </td> <td>1968–1984 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Mitchell" title="Douglas Mitchell">Douglas Mitchell</a> </td> <td>1984–1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Baker_(Canadian_football)" title="Bill Baker (Canadian football)">Bill Baker</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[tablenote 1]</a> </td> <td>1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/J._Donald_Crump" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Donald Crump">J. Donald Crump</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[tablenote 2]</a> </td> <td>1990–1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Larry_Smith_(Canadian_politician)" title="Larry Smith (Canadian politician)">Larry Smith</a> </td> <td>1992–1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Tory" title="John Tory">John Tory</a> </td> <td>1997–2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lysko" title="Michael Lysko">Michael Lysko</a> </td> <td>2000–2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Braley" title="David Braley">David Braley</a> (interim) </td> <td>2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wright_(sports_executive)" title="Tom Wright (sports executive)">Tom Wright</a> </td> <td>2002–2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mark_Cohon" title="Mark Cohon">Mark Cohon</a> </td> <td>2007–2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Lawson_(sports_executive)" title="Jim Lawson (sports executive)">Jim Lawson</a> (interim) </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Orridge" title="Jeffrey Orridge">Jeffrey Orridge</a> </td> <td>2015–2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jim Lawson (interim) </td> <td>2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Randy_Ambrosie" title="Randy Ambrosie">Randy Ambrosie</a> </td> <td>2017–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> In 1989, the commissioner role was split into two positions. Bill Baker held the title of President/Chief Operating Officer. <a href="/wiki/Roy_McMurtry" title="Roy McMurtry">Roy McMurtry</a>, Q.C. held the position of Chairman/Chief Executive Officer. When Baker resigned, McMurtry continued as Chairman and CEO until Crump's appointment but did not serve as Acting Commissioner. </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> Between Donald Crump's resignation and Larry Smith's appointment, Phil Kershaw held the role of chairman but was not acting commissioner. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Potential_future_expansion">Potential future expansion</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Potential future expansion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> Potential CFL expansion markets are <a href="/wiki/The_Maritimes" title="The Maritimes">the Maritimes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kitchener,_Ontario" title="Kitchener, Ontario">Kitchener</a>, <a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a>, all of which have been lobbying for Canadian Football League franchises in recent years.<a href="#cite_note-CFLSaskatoon-165">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[154]</a> During the 1970s and 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Ballard" title="Harold Ballard">Harold Ballard</a> attempted multiple times (albeit all unsuccessfully) to secure a second CFL team for Toronto (either by way of expansion or by relocating the Hamilton Tiger-Cats), under the premise that Canada's largest city could support two teams.<a href="#cite_note-168">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maritimes">Maritimes</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Maritimes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Since the 1980s, the CFL has occasionally played exhibition and, later, regular-season games at various cities in the Maritimes, including <a href="/wiki/Canada_Games_Stadium" title="Canada Games Stadium">Canada Games Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_New_Brunswick" title="Saint John, New Brunswick">Saint John, New Brunswick</a>; <a href="/wiki/Huskies_Stadium" title="Huskies Stadium">Huskies Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax, Nova Scotia</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Moncton_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Moncton Stadium">Moncton Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moncton" title="Moncton">Moncton</a>, New Brunswick. The league conditionally approved an expansion franchise, the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Schooners" title="Atlantic Schooners">Atlantic Schooners</a>, for play in the 1984 season, but the team never made it to play after plans for a stadium collapsed. No city in the Maritimes has a permanent stadium that meets CFL standards. As of 2010, the largest stadium in the Maritimes is <a href="/wiki/Croix-Bleue_Medavie_Stadium" title="Croix-Bleue Medavie Stadium">Croix-Bleue Medavie Stadium</a>, which has 8,300 permanent seats and is expandable to 20,000 with temporary seats.<a href="#cite_note-Croix_Bleue_Medavie_Stadium-169">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-cbc-cohon-170">[157]</a> A pre-season game, dubbed <a href="/wiki/Touchdown_Atlantic" title="Touchdown Atlantic">Touchdown Atlantic</a>, was held in Halifax in the <a href="/wiki/2005_CFL_season" title="2005 CFL season">2005 CFL season</a> and regular season games were played in Moncton under the same branding in 2010, 2011, and 2013.<a href="#cite_note-171">[158]</a> All 20,000 seats for the 2010 Moncton game sold out in 32 hours;<a href="#cite_note-172">[159]</a> the 2013 game did not sell out. Former Commissioner Mark Cohon said that Moncton Stadium would require massive renovations to host a CFL team permanently. The cost of the required renovations would be the equivalent of building a brand-new stadium.<a href="#cite_note-cbc-cohon-170">[157]</a> In November 2015, the Halifax city council voted 9–7 against purchasing land that would then be used to build a 20,000-seat stadium. It was agreed that the price tag for the land was too much, but the close vote indicated municipal interest in building a near CFL sized stadium in Halifax.<a href="#cite_note-173">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Atlantic_Schooners_revival">Atlantic Schooners revival</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Atlantic Schooners revival" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. The reason given is: The most recent development in this section is from 2018.. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2022)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Schooners_Sports_and_Entertainment" title="Schooners Sports and Entertainment">Schooners Sports and Entertainment</a></div> In November 2017, the CFL conducted further discussions with a group in Halifax interested in securing a franchise for the city;<a href="#cite_note-174">[161]</a> the group made a "very credible" pitch to the CFL head office.<a href="#cite_note-auto-175">[162]</a> According to TSN analyst Dave Naylor the group named 'Maritime Football Ltd.' consists of <a href="/wiki/Anthony_LeBlanc" title="Anthony LeBlanc">Anthony LeBlanc</a> (former president and CEO of the NHL's <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Coyotes" title="Arizona Coyotes">Arizona Coyotes</a>), Bruce Bowser (president of AMJ Campbell Van Lines) and Gary Drummond (former president of hockey operations for the Coyotes).<a href="#cite_note-auto-175">[162]</a> In June 2018 the group met with the <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Regional_Council" title="Halifax Regional Council">Halifax Regional Council</a> in private about plans to bring a CFL team to Halifax, with the possibility of playing at <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Moncton" title="Université de Moncton">Université de Moncton</a> while a stadium in Halifax is being built.<a href="#cite_note-176">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[164]</a> Maritime Football Ltd. ownership group selected a site in <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Park,_Nova_Scotia" title="Shannon Park, Nova Scotia">Shannon Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth,_Nova_Scotia" title="Dartmouth, Nova Scotia">Dartmouth, Nova Scotia</a> to develop a new stadium.<a href="#cite_note-178">[165]</a> The stadium was estimated to cost between $170 to $190 million, seat 24,000 and have a business model similar to the <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Redblacks" title="Ottawa Redblacks">Ottawa Redblacks</a>, who entered the league in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-179">[166]</a> On October 30, 2018, Halifax City Council unanimously voted in favour of proceeding with a business case analysis of a stadium in the Halifax municipality.<a href="#cite_note-180">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[168]</a> Following this positive momentum, Maritime Football Ltd. and CFL commissioner <a href="/wiki/Randy_Ambrosie" title="Randy Ambrosie">Randy Ambrosie</a> announced that the group would proceed with a season ticket drive to further gauge interest, and also running a team name contest in the hopes of making an announcement on the team name just prior to the <a href="/wiki/106th_Grey_Cup" title="106th Grey Cup">106th Grey Cup</a> game.<a href="#cite_note-182">[169]</a> The target year for the proposed team to enter the league was 2021, with the team name including "Atlantic" in its name, but no franchise was actually awarded in this announcement.<a href="#cite_note-183">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-LeBlanc_Q&A-184">[171]</a> Further to the previous discussions with Moncton and New Brunswick politicians, it was also suggested that the potential new franchise could begin play in Moncton while the stadium in Halifax is built.<a href="#cite_note-LeBlanc_Q&A-184">[171]</a> On November 23, 2018, two days before the 106th Grey Cup, Maritime Football Ltd., since renamed Schooners Sports and Entertainment, and commissioner Ambrosie announced the new team would be called the Atlantic Schooners.<a href="#cite_note-185">[172]</a> On March 15, 2023, <a href="/wiki/The_Sports_Network" title="The Sports Network">TSN</a> reporter <a href="/wiki/Dave_Naylor" title="Dave Naylor">Dave Naylor</a> revealed that Schooner Sports and Entertainment (SSE) "is no longer involved in pursuing a team for Atlantic Canada".<a href="#cite_note-DaveNaylor-31523-96">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quebec_City">Quebec City</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Quebec City" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> There has been interest in adding a team in Quebec City. In 2003, an exhibition game was held at <a href="/wiki/PEPS" title="PEPS">Telus Stadium</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Alouettes" title="Montreal Alouettes">Montreal Alouettes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Renegades" title="Ottawa Renegades">Ottawa Renegades</a> where Montreal won 54–23.<a href="#cite_note-www-186">[173]</a> In 2008, the federal government rejected a proposal that could have paved the way for a CFL franchise in Quebec City, saying Ottawa is not in the business of subsidizing professional sports.<a href="#cite_note-187">[174]</a> The following year in May 2009, Christina Saint Marche, a British businesswoman, announced her interest in operating a team in Quebec City—stating that there would be a natural rivalry with the Montreal Alouettes.<a href="#cite_note-Montreal_Gazette-188">[175]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/98th_Grey_Cup" title="98th Grey Cup">2010 Grey Cup</a> state of the league news conference, Cohon noted that the Alouettes hold the rights for the entire province of Quebec and that any expansion would have to be negotiated with them first.<a href="#cite_note-189">[176]</a> Another exhibition game was held at Telus Stadium on June 13, 2015, with Ottawa (whose <a href="/wiki/TD_Place_Stadium" title="TD Place Stadium">TD Place Stadium</a> was in use by the <a href="/wiki/2015_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="2015 FIFA Women's World Cup">2015 FIFA Women's World Cup</a>) hosting Montreal.<a href="#cite_note-190">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Saskatoon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a> last hosted top-level Canadian football in 1935 when the <a href="/wiki/Regina_Roughriders" class="mw-redirect" title="Regina Roughriders">Regina Roughriders</a> left the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Saskatchewan Rugby Football Union">Saskatchewan Rugby Football Union</a> to form the WIFU. The <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon_Hilltops" title="Saskatoon Hilltops">Saskatoon Hilltops</a> (along with another Saskatchewan-based team, the <a href="/wiki/Moose_Jaw" title="Moose Jaw">Moose Jaw</a> Millers) eventually suspended operations due to World War II; the Hilltops remained an amateur team when they returned in 1947 (they have since played in the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Junior_Football_League" title="Canadian Junior Football League">Canadian Junior Football League</a>). Saskatoon last won a provincial title in 1921. By the time they resumed play after the war, the Roughriders had been the dominant team in the province for two decades. In early 2012, management at <a href="/wiki/Credit_Union_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Credit Union Centre">Credit Union Centre</a> publicly expressed its desire to bring a CFL team to Saskatoon. However, the Regina-based Saskatchewan Roughriders have long branded themselves as a province-wide team, and claimed that the population of Saskatchewan is too small to support two teams.<a href="#cite_note-CFLSaskatoon-165">[152]</a> In any event, Saskatoon also lacks a suitable outdoor stadium. Its largest, <a href="/wiki/Griffiths_Stadium" title="Griffiths Stadium">Griffiths Stadium</a>, home of the University of Saskatchewan's <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Huskies" title="Saskatchewan Huskies">Saskatchewan Huskies</a>, seats only 6,171 spectators. The <a href="/wiki/Gordie_Howe_Bowl" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordie Howe Bowl">Gordie Howe Bowl</a>, which has hosted CFL exhibitions in the past, has even fewer seats (it seats 3,950 people). The likelihood of the CFL expanding to Saskatoon is unlikely in the near future unless Saskatoon can get approval from the Regina based Saskatchewan Roughriders and the other ownership groups in the CFL. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Mexico" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> While not openly being considered for franchise expansion, Mexico was suggested by Commissioner Randy Ambrosie as a possible location for <a href="/wiki/List_of_neutral_site_Canadian_Football_League_games" title="List of neutral site Canadian Football League games">neutral site regular season games</a> (similar to the NFL's <a href="/wiki/NFL_International_Series" title="NFL International Series">Mexico Series</a>) as early as 2019, as well as potentially partnering with the <a href="/wiki/Professional_American_Football_League_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional American Football League of Mexico">LFA</a> for player development, as part of the league's plan to expand globally.<a href="#cite_note-:0-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-44">[43]</a> Ambrosie also later announced a special edition of the <a href="/wiki/CFL_Combine" title="CFL Combine">CFL Combine</a> to be held in 2019 in Mexico for Mexican players, and in 2019, the league held a <a href="/wiki/2019_CFL%E2%80%93LFA_Draft" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 CFL–LFA Draft">draft of LFA and Mexican university players</a>. In March 2019, Commissioner Randy Ambrosie told the media that after the LFA combine, multiple parties inquired about purchasing a franchise for Mexico. Ambrosie reiterated that the league had no intention to expand internationally at this time.<a href="#cite_note-:3-46">[45]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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data-width="25" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_Act" title="Canadian Football Act">Canadian Football Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League_attendance" title="Canadian Football League attendance">Canadian Football League attendance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_Football_League_mascots" title="List of Canadian Football League mascots">List of Canadian Football League mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_Football_League_records" title="List of Canadian Football League records">List of Canadian Football League records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_Football_League_seasons" title="List of Canadian Football League seasons">List of Canadian Football League seasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_Football_League_stadiums" title="List of Canadian Football League stadiums">List of Canadian Football League stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Grey_Cup_champions" title="List of Grey Cup champions">List of Grey Cup champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_teams_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports teams in the United States and Canada">Major professional sports teams in the United States and Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Canada" title="Sports in Canada">Sports in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSN_Top_50_CFL_Players" title="TSN Top 50 CFL Players">TSN Top 50 CFL Players</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d3ham790trbkqy.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/CFL-Book-2017-Perfect-Bind.pdf#page=153">"League & Club Milestones–Canadian Football History"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external 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The Globe and Mail.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Ottawa+rejects+proposal+for+CFL+stadium+at+Laval&rft.date=2008-09-04&rft.aulast=S%C3%A9guin&rft.aufirst=Rh%C3%A9al&rft.au=Gordon%2C+Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fsports%2Fottawa-rejects-proposal-for-cfl-stadium-at-laval%2Farticle17971288%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Football+League" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Montreal_Gazette-188"><a href="#cite_ref-Montreal_Gazette_188-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090511135932/http://www.montrealgazette.com/sports/British%2Bwoman%2Bwants%2Bfootball%2Bfranchise%2BQuebec%2BCity/1574258/story.html">"British woman wants football franchise in Quebec City"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Gazette">Montreal Gazette</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://montrealgazette.com/sports/British+woman+wants+football+franchise+Quebec+City/1574258/story.html">the original</a> on May 11, 2009. Retrieved July 9, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Montreal+Gazette&rft.atitle=British+woman+wants+football+franchise+in+Quebec+City&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmontrealgazette.com%2Fsports%2FBritish%2Bwoman%2Bwants%2Bfootball%2Bfranchise%2BQuebec%2BCity%2F1574258%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Football+League" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/sports/football/cfl-road-to-quebec-city-goes-via-montreal-cohon-1.887442">"CFL road to Quebec City goes via Montreal: Cohon"</a>. CBC Sports Online. November 26, 2010. Retrieved June 20, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CFL+road+to+Quebec+City+goes+via+Montreal%3A+Cohon&rft.date=2010-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fsports%2Ffootball%2Fcfl-road-to-quebec-city-goes-via-montreal-cohon-1.887442&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Football+League" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150816041111/http://www.cfl.ca/article/redblacks-and-als-set-to-play-in-quebec-city">"REDBLACKS and Als set to play in Quebec City"</a>. CFL.ca. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfl.ca/article/redblacks-and-als-set-to-play-in-quebec-city">the original</a> on August 16, 2015. Retrieved August 6, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CFL.ca&rft.atitle=REDBLACKS+and+Als+set+to+play+in+Quebec+City&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfl.ca%2Farticle%2Fredblacks-and-als-set-to-play-in-quebec-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Football+League" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien2005" class="citation book cs1">O'Brien, Steve (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hUCto5BNvwsC&q=Canadian%20Football%20League&pg=PP1">The Canadian Football League: The Phoenix of Professional Sports Leagues</a>. Lulu Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4116-5860-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4116-5860-8"><bdi>978-1-4116-5860-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Football+League%3A+The+Phoenix+of+Professional+Sports+Leagues&rft.pub=Lulu+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4116-5860-8&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhUCto5BNvwsC%26q%3DCanadian%2520Football%2520League%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Football+League" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaher2012" class="citation book cs1">Maher, Tod (2012). The Canadian Pro Football Encyclopedia: Every Player, Coach and Game. Maher Sports Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9835136-3-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9835136-3-6"><bdi>978-0-9835136-3-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Pro+Football+Encyclopedia%3A+Every+Player%2C+Coach+and+Game&rft.pub=Maher+Sports+Media&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-9835136-3-6&rft.aulast=Maher&rft.aufirst=Tod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Football+League" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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</section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&oldid=1258689243">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&oldid=1258689243</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Football_League&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 21 November 2024, at 01:40 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85" title="الدوري الكندي لكرة القدم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الدوري الكندي لكرة القدم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Canadian Football League" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Canadian Football League" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Canadian Football League" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Canadian Football League" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanada_Futbalo-Ligo" title="Kanada Futbalo-Ligo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kanada Futbalo-Ligo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="لیگ فوتبال کانادا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیگ فوتبال کانادا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligue_canadienne_de_football" title="Ligue canadienne de football – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ligue canadienne de football" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Canadian Football League" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%82%98%EB%94%94%EC%95%88_%ED%92%8B%EB%B3%BC_%EB%A6%AC%EA%B7%B8" title="캐나디안 풋볼 리그 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캐나디안 풋볼 리그" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%97" title="कैनेडियन फुटबॉल लीग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैनेडियन फुटबॉल लीग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Canadian Football League" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Canadian Football League" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_Bola_Sepak_Kanada" title="Liga Bola Sepak Kanada – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Liga Bola Sepak Kanada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Canadian Football League" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0" title="カナディアン・フットボール・リーグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カナディアン・フットボール・リーグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%84%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Канадин футболан лига – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Канадин футболан лига" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Canadian Football League" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Canadian Football League" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Canadian Football League" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Канадская футбольная лига – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Канадская футбольная лига" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Canadian Football League" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%A4%D0%9B" title="ЦФЛ – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="ЦФЛ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Canadian Football League" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Canadian Football League" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="கனடிய கால்பந்து லீக் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கனடிய கால்பந்து லீக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Canadian Football League" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Канадська футбольна ліга – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Канадська футбольна ліга" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%8A%A0%E5%BC%8F%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="加拿大加式足球聯盟 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加拿大加式足球聯盟" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 01:40 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li 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