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class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 The Great Hiatus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Great_Hiatus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Retirement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retirement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personality_and_habits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personality_and_habits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Personality and habits </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personality_and_habits-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personality and habits subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personality_and_habits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Drug_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drug_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Drug use </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drug_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Finances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attitudes_towards_women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attitudes_towards_women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Attitudes towards women </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attitudes_towards_women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Irene_Adler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irene_Adler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Irene Adler </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irene_Adler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Knowledge_and_skills" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Knowledge_and_skills"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Knowledge and skills </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Knowledge_and_skills-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Knowledge and skills subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Knowledge_and_skills-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Holmesian_deduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holmesian_deduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Holmesian deduction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holmesian_deduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forensic_science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forensic_science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Forensic science </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forensic_science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disguises" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disguises"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Disguises </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disguises-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Agents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Combat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pistols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pistols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.1 Pistols </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pistols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.2 Other weapons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_combat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_combat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.3 Personal combat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_combat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Reception </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reception subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Popularity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popularity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Popularity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popularity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Honours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Societies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Societies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Societies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Societies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_detective_story" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_detective_story"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 The detective story </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_detective_story-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Elementary,_my_dear_Watson"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Elementary,_my_dear_Watson""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 "Elementary, my dear Watson" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Elementary,_my_dear_Watson"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Great_Game" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Great_Game"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 The Great Game </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Great_Game-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums_and_special_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_and_special_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Museums and special collections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_and_special_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postcolonial_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postcolonial_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Postcolonial criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postcolonial_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations_and_derived_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations_and_derived_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Adaptations and derived works </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adaptations_and_derived_works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Adaptations and derived works subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Adaptations_and_derived_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Related_and_derivative_writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_and_derivative_writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Related and derivative writings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_and_derivative_writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations_in_other_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations_in_other_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Adaptations in other media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptations_in_other_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Copyright_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copyright_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Copyright issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copyright_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Works </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Works subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Novels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short_story_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short_story_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Short story collections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short_story_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sherlock_Holmes_story_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sherlock_Holmes_story_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Sherlock Holmes story references </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sherlock_Holmes_story_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Sherlock Holmes</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 104 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" > 104 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B2" title="شرلوك هولمز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شرلوك هولمز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B9%27%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%9B" title="ছাৰ্লক হ'ম্‌ছ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ছাৰ্লক হ'ম্‌ছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eerlok_Holms" title="Şerlok Holms – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şerlok Holms" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8" title="শার্লক হোমস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শার্লক হোমস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шэрлак Холмс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шэрлак Холмс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B7" title="Шэрлак Голмз – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шэрлак Голмз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Холмс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шерлок Холмс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Холмс – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шерлок Холмс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA_%CE%A7%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BC%CF%82" title="Σέρλοκ Χολμς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σέρλοκ Χολμς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cerloko_Holmso" title="Ŝerloko Holmso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝerloko Holmso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B2" title="شرلوک هولمز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شرلوک هولمز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Холмс – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Шерлок Холмс" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%85%9C%EB%A1%9D_%ED%99%88%EC%A6%88" title="셜록 홈즈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="셜록 홈즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%84_%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B4%D5%BD" title="Շերլոք Հոլմս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շերլոք Հոլմս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="शेरलॉक होम्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शेरलॉक होम्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A1" title="שרלוק הולמס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שרלוק הולמס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಷರ್ಲಾಕ್‌ ಹೋಮ್ಸ್‌ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಷರ್ಲಾಕ್‌ ಹೋಮ್ಸ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="შერლოკ ჰოლმზი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შერლოკ ჰოლმზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Холмс – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шерлок Холмс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Холмс – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шерлок Холмс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0erloks_Holmss" title="Šerloks Holmss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šerloks Holmss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Гьолмс – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Шерлок Гьолмс" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0erlokas_Holmsas" title="Šerlokas Holmsas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šerlokas Holmsas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Холмс – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шерлок Холмс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഷെർലക് ഹോംസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഷെർലക് ഹോംസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="शेरलॉक होम्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शेरलॉक होम्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B2" title="شارلوك هولمز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شارلوك هولمز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Холмс – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шерлок Холмс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%81%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ရှားလော့ခ်ဟုမ်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရှားလော့ခ်ဟုမ်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA" title="シャーロック・ホームズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シャーロック・ホームズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਸ਼ਰਲੌਕ ਹੋਮਜ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ਰਲੌਕ ਹੋਮਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9_%DB%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B2" title="شرلاک ہولمز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شرلاک ہولمز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B2" title="شرلوک هولمز – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شرلوک هولمز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Холмс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шерлок Холмс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8" title="शेर्लोच्क होल्मेस – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शेर्लोच्क होल्मेस" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ෂර්ලොක් හෝම්ස් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ෂර්ලොක් හෝම්ස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%86%DA%A9_%DA%BE%DB%86%DA%B5%D9%85%D8%B2" title="شێرلۆک ھۆڵمز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شێرلۆک ھۆڵمز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0erlok_Holms" title="Šerlok Holms – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Šerlok Holms" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="செர்லக் ஓம்சு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செர்லக் ஓம்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Холмс – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шерлок Холмс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="షెర్లాక్ హోమ్స్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="షెర్లాక్ హోమ్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="เชอร์ล็อก โฮมส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เชอร์ล็อก โฮมส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D2%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Ҳолмс – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шерлок Ҳолмс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Холмс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шерлок Холмс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9_%DB%81%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B2" title="شرلاک ہومز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شرلاک ہومز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%87%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9%E6%96%AF" title="歇洛克·福尔摩斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="歇洛克·福尔摩斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E6%96%AF" title="福爾摩斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="福爾摩斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sherlock Holmes" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" 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title="Sherlock Holmes (disambiguation)">Sherlock Holmes (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fictional character</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394594">.mw-parser-output .ib-character{border-spacing:2px 5px}.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background-color:#DEDEE2}.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background:hsl(240,6%,20%);color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background:hsl(240,6%,20%);color:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-character"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above notheme">Sherlock Holmes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Sherlock Holmes character</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherlock_Holmes_Portrait_Paget.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Sherlock_Holmes_Portrait_Paget.jpg/220px-Sherlock_Holmes_Portrait_Paget.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Sherlock_Holmes_Portrait_Paget.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="375" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Sherlock Holmes in a 1904 illustration by <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Paget" title="Sidney Paget">Sidney Paget</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First appearance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet" title="A Study in Scarlet">A Study in Scarlet</a> (1887)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last appearance</th><td class="infobox-data">"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Shoscombe_Old_Place" title="The Adventure of Shoscombe Old Place">The Adventure of Shoscombe Old Place</a>" (1927, <a href="/wiki/Canon_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Canon of Sherlock Holmes">canon</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Sir Arthur Conan Doyle</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">In-universe information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Consulting <a href="/wiki/Private_investigator" title="Private investigator">private detective</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mycroft_Holmes" title="Mycroft Holmes">Mycroft Holmes</a> (brother)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1854</td></tr></tbody></table> Sherlock Holmes (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈʃɜːrlɒk ˈhoʊmz/</a>) is a fictional detective created by British author <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a>. Referring to himself as a "<a href="/wiki/Private_investigator" title="Private investigator">consulting detective</a>" in his stories, Holmes is known for his proficiency with observation, deduction, <a href="/wiki/Forensic_science" title="Forensic science">forensic science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Logical_reasoning" title="Logical reasoning">logical reasoning</a> that borders on the fantastic, which he employs when investigating cases for a wide variety of clients, including <a href="/wiki/Scotland_Yard" title="Scotland Yard">Scotland Yard</a>. The character Sherlock Holmes first appeared in print in 1887's <a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet" title="A Study in Scarlet">A Study in Scarlet</a>. His popularity became widespread with the first series of short stories in <a href="/wiki/The_Strand_Magazine" title="The Strand Magazine">The Strand Magazine</a>, beginning with "<a href="/wiki/A_Scandal_in_Bohemia" title="A Scandal in Bohemia">A Scandal in Bohemia</a>" in 1891; additional tales appeared from then until 1927, eventually totalling <a href="/wiki/Canon_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Canon of Sherlock Holmes">four novels and 56 short stories</a>. All but one<a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a> are set in the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian</a> eras between 1880 and 1914. Most are narrated by the character of Holmes's friend and biographer, <a href="/wiki/Dr._Watson" title="Dr. Watson">Dr. John H. Watson</a>, who usually accompanies Holmes during his investigations and often shares quarters with him at the address of <a href="/wiki/221B_Baker_Street" title="221B Baker Street">221B Baker Street</a>, London, where many of the stories begin. Though not the first fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes is arguably the best-known.<a href="#cite_note-:1-2">[1]</a> By the 1990s, over 25,000 stage adaptations, films, television productions, and publications had featured the detective,<a href="#cite_note-:2-3">[2]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> lists him as the most portrayed human literary character in film and television history.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[3]</a> Holmes's popularity and fame are such that many have believed him to be not a fictional character but an actual individual;<a href="#cite_note-:5-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> numerous literary and fan societies have been founded on <a href="/wiki/Sherlockian_game" title="Sherlockian game">this pretence</a>. Avid readers of the Holmes stories helped create the modern practice of <a href="/wiki/Fandom" title="Fandom">fandom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[7]</a> The character and stories have had a profound and lasting effect on <a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">mystery writing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture_references_to_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Popular culture references to Sherlock Holmes">popular culture</a> as a whole, with the original tales, as well as thousands <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_pastiches" title="Sherlock Holmes pastiches">written by authors other than Conan Doyle</a>, being <a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes">adapted</a> into stage and radio plays, television, films, video games, and other media for over one hundred years. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inspiration_for_the_character">Inspiration for the character</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington,_1914.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington%2C_1914.png/170px-Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington%2C_1914.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington%2C_1914.png/255px-Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington%2C_1914.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington%2C_1914.png/340px-Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington%2C_1914.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1363" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sir_Arthur_Conan_Doyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Arthur Conan Doyle">Sir Arthur Conan Doyle</a> (1859–1930), Sherlock Holmes's creator, in 1914</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>'s <a href="/wiki/C._Auguste_Dupin" title="C. Auguste Dupin">C. Auguste Dupin</a> is generally acknowledged as the first detective in fiction and served as the prototype for many later characters, including Holmes.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> Conan Doyle once wrote, "Each [of Poe's detective stories] is a root from which a whole literature has developed ... Where was the detective story until Poe breathed the breath of life into it?"<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> Similarly, the stories of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Gaboriau" title="Émile Gaboriau">Émile Gaboriau</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Monsieur_Lecoq" title="Monsieur Lecoq">Monsieur Lecoq</a> were extremely popular at the time Conan Doyle began writing Holmes, and Holmes's speech and behaviour sometimes follow those of Lecoq.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> Doyle has his main characters discuss these literary antecedents near the beginning of A Study in Scarlet, which is set soon after Watson is first introduced to Holmes. Watson attempts to compliment Holmes by comparing him to Dupin, to which Holmes replies that he found Dupin to be "a very inferior fellow" and Lecoq to be "a miserable bungler".<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> Conan Doyle repeatedly said that Holmes was inspired by the real-life figure of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bell" title="Joseph Bell">Joseph Bell</a>, a surgeon at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Infirmary_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh">Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh</a>, whom Conan Doyle met in 1877 and had worked for as a clerk. Like Holmes, Bell was noted for drawing broad conclusions from minute observations.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> However, he later wrote to Conan Doyle: "You are yourself Sherlock Holmes and well you know it".<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Littlejohn" title="Henry Littlejohn">Henry Littlejohn</a>, Chair of <a href="/wiki/Medical_Jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical Jurisprudence">Medical Jurisprudence</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_Medical_School" title="University of Edinburgh Medical School">University of Edinburgh Medical School</a>, is also cited as an inspiration for Holmes. Littlejohn, who was also Police Surgeon and Medical Officer of Health in Edinburgh, provided Conan Doyle with a link between medical investigation and the detection of crime.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> Other possible inspirations have been proposed, though never acknowledged by Doyle, such as Maximilien Heller, by French author Henry Cauvain. In this 1871 novel (sixteen years before the first appearance of Sherlock Holmes), Henry Cauvain imagined a depressed, anti-social, opium-smoking <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymath</a> detective, operating in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> It is not known if Conan Doyle read the novel, but he was fluent in French.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_and_early_life">Family and early life</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Study_in_Scarlet_from_Beeton%27s_Christmas_Annual_1887.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Magazine cover featuring A Study in Scarlet, with drawing of a man lighting a lamp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/A_Study_in_Scarlet_from_Beeton%27s_Christmas_Annual_1887.jpg/170px-A_Study_in_Scarlet_from_Beeton%27s_Christmas_Annual_1887.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/A_Study_in_Scarlet_from_Beeton%27s_Christmas_Annual_1887.jpg/255px-A_Study_in_Scarlet_from_Beeton%27s_Christmas_Annual_1887.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/A_Study_in_Scarlet_from_Beeton%27s_Christmas_Annual_1887.jpg/340px-A_Study_in_Scarlet_from_Beeton%27s_Christmas_Annual_1887.jpg 2x" data-file-width="974" data-file-height="1478" /></a><figcaption>The cover page of the 1887 edition of <a href="/wiki/Beeton%27s_Christmas_Annual" title="Beeton's Christmas Annual">Beeton's Christmas Annual</a>, which contains Holmes's first appearance (<a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet" title="A Study in Scarlet">A Study in Scarlet</a>)</figcaption></figure> Details of Sherlock Holmes' life in Conan Doyle's stories are scarce and often vague. Nevertheless, mentions of his early life and extended family paint a loose biographical picture of the detective. A statement of Holmes' age in "<a href="/wiki/His_Last_Bow" title="His Last Bow">His Last Bow</a>" places his year of birth at 1854; the story, set in August 1914, describes him as sixty years of age.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> His parents are not mentioned, although Holmes mentions that his "ancestors" were "<a href="/wiki/Landed_gentry" title="Landed gentry">country squires</a>". In "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Greek_Interpreter" title="The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter">The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter</a>", he claims that his grandmother was sister to the French artist Vernet, without clarifying whether this was <a href="/wiki/Claude_Joseph_Vernet" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Joseph Vernet">Claude Joseph</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carle_Vernet" title="Carle Vernet">Carle</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Horace_Vernet" title="Horace Vernet">Horace Vernet</a>. Holmes' brother <a href="/wiki/Mycroft_Holmes" title="Mycroft Holmes">Mycroft</a>, seven years his senior, is a government official. Mycroft has a unique <a href="/wiki/Civil_service" title="Civil service">civil service</a> position as a kind of human database for all aspects of government policy. Sherlock describes his brother as the more intelligent of the two, but notes that Mycroft lacks any interest in physical investigation, preferring to spend his time at the <a href="/wiki/Diogenes_Club" title="Diogenes Club">Diogenes Club</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> Holmes says that he first developed his methods of deduction as an undergraduate; his earliest cases, which he pursued as an amateur, came from his fellow university students.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> A meeting with a classmate's father led him to adopt detection as a profession.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_with_Watson">Life with Watson</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strand_paget.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Holmes (in deerstalker hat) talking to Watson (in a bowler hat) in a railway compartment" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Strand_paget.jpg/220px-Strand_paget.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Strand_paget.jpg/330px-Strand_paget.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Strand_paget.jpg/440px-Strand_paget.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5113" data-file-height="4819" /></a><figcaption>Holmes (right) and Watson in a <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Paget" title="Sidney Paget">Sidney Paget</a> illustration for "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Silver_Blaze" title="The Adventure of Silver Blaze">The Adventure of Silver Blaze</a>"</figcaption></figure> In the first Holmes tale, A Study in Scarlet, financial difficulties lead Holmes and <a href="/wiki/Dr._Watson" title="Dr. Watson">Dr. Watson</a> to share rooms together at <a href="/wiki/221B_Baker_Street" title="221B Baker Street">221B Baker Street</a>, London.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> Their residence is maintained by their landlady, <a href="/wiki/Mrs._Hudson" title="Mrs. Hudson">Mrs. Hudson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> Holmes works as a detective for twenty-three years, with Watson assisting him for seventeen of those years.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> Most of the stories are <a href="/wiki/Frame_narrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Frame narrative">frame narratives</a> written from Watson's point of view, as summaries of the detective's most interesting cases. Holmes frequently calls Watson's records of Holmes's cases sensational and populist, suggesting that they fail to accurately and objectively report the "science" of his craft: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Detection is, or ought to be, an exact science and should be treated in the same cold and unemotional manner. You have attempted to tinge it [A Study in Scarlet] with romanticism, which produces much the same effect as if you worked a love-story or an elopement into the fifth proposition of <a href="/wiki/Euclid" title="Euclid">Euclid</a>. ... Some facts should be suppressed, or, at least, a just sense of proportion should be observed in treating them. The only point in the case which deserved mention was the curious analytical reasoning from effects to causes, by which I succeeded in unravelling it.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a></blockquote> Nevertheless, when Holmes recorded a case himself, he was forced to concede that he could more easily understand the need to write it in a manner that would appeal to the public rather than his intention to focus on his own technical skill.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> Holmes's friendship with Watson is his most significant relationship. When Watson is injured by a bullet, although the wound turns out to be "quite superficial", Watson is moved by Holmes's reaction: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">It was worth a wound; it was worth many wounds; to know the depth of loyalty and love which lay behind that cold mask. The clear, hard eyes were dimmed for a moment, and the firm lips were shaking. For the one and only time I caught a glimpse of a great heart as well as of a great brain. All my years of humble but single-minded service culminated in that moment of revelation.<a href="#cite_note-auto-31">[30]</a></blockquote> After confirming Watson's assessment of the wound, Holmes makes it clear to their opponent that the man would not have left the room alive if he genuinely had killed Watson.<a href="#cite_note-auto-31">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Practice">Practice</h3></div> Holmes' clients vary from the most powerful monarchs and governments of Europe, to wealthy <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">aristocrats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Industrialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialist">industrialists</a>, to impoverished <a href="/wiki/Pawnbroker" title="Pawnbroker">pawnbrokers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Governess" title="Governess">governesses</a>. He is known only in select professional circles at the beginning of the first story, but is already collaborating with <a href="/wiki/Scotland_Yard" title="Scotland Yard">Scotland Yard</a>. However, his continued work and the publication of Watson's stories raise Holmes's profile, and he rapidly becomes well known as a detective; so many clients ask for his help instead of (or in addition to) that of the police<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> that, Watson writes, by 1887 "Europe was ringing with his name"<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> and by 1895 Holmes has "an immense practice".<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> Police outside London ask Holmes for assistance if he is nearby.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">British prime minister</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Bohemia">King of Bohemia</a><a href="#cite_note-Klinger_I_pp._15-16-37">[36]</a> visit 221B Baker Street in person to request Holmes's assistance; the <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of France</a> awards him the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> for capturing an assassin;<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> the King of Scandinavia is a client;<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> and he aids the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Vatican</a> at least twice.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> The detective acts on behalf of the British government in matters of national security several times<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> and declines a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">knighthood</a> "for services which may perhaps some day be described".<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> However, he does not actively seek fame and is usually content to let the police take public credit for his work.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Great_Hiatus">The Great Hiatus</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherlock_Holmes_and_Professor_Moriarty_at_the_Reichenbach_Falls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Holmes and Moriarty wrestling at the end of a narrow path, with Holmes's hat falling into a waterfall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Sherlock_Holmes_and_Professor_Moriarty_at_the_Reichenbach_Falls.jpg/170px-Sherlock_Holmes_and_Professor_Moriarty_at_the_Reichenbach_Falls.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Sherlock_Holmes_and_Professor_Moriarty_at_the_Reichenbach_Falls.jpg/255px-Sherlock_Holmes_and_Professor_Moriarty_at_the_Reichenbach_Falls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Sherlock_Holmes_and_Professor_Moriarty_at_the_Reichenbach_Falls.jpg/340px-Sherlock_Holmes_and_Professor_Moriarty_at_the_Reichenbach_Falls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1234" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Holmes and <a href="/wiki/Archenemy" title="Archenemy">archenemy</a> Moriarty struggle at the <a href="/wiki/Reichenbach_Falls" title="Reichenbach Falls">Reichenbach Falls</a>; drawing by Sidney Paget</figcaption></figure> The first set of Holmes stories was published between 1887 and 1893. Conan Doyle killed off Holmes in a final battle with the criminal mastermind <a href="/wiki/Professor_Moriarty" title="Professor Moriarty">Professor James Moriarty</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> in "<a href="/wiki/The_Final_Problem" title="The Final Problem">The Final Problem</a>" (published 1893, but set in 1891), as Conan Doyle felt that "my literary energies should not be directed too much into one channel".<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> However, the reaction of the public surprised him very much. Distressed readers wrote anguished letters to <a href="/wiki/The_Strand_Magazine" title="The Strand Magazine">The Strand Magazine</a>, which suffered a terrible blow when 20,000 people cancelled their subscriptions to the magazine in protest.<a href="#cite_note-Hounding-46">[45]</a> Conan Doyle himself received many protest letters, and one lady even began her letter with "You brute".<a href="#cite_note-Hounding-46">[45]</a> Legend has it that Londoners were so distraught upon hearing the news of Holmes's death that they wore black armbands in mourning, though there is no known contemporaneous source for this; the earliest known reference to such events comes from 1949.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> However, the recorded public reaction to Holmes's death was unlike anything previously seen for fictional events.<a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[7]</a> After resisting public pressure for eight years, Conan Doyle wrote <a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a> (serialised in 1901–02, with an implicit setting before Holmes's death). In 1903, Conan Doyle wrote "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Empty_House" title="The Adventure of the Empty House">The Adventure of the Empty House</a>"; set in 1894, Holmes reappears, explaining to a stunned Watson that he had faked his death to fool his enemies.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> Following "The Adventure of the Empty House", Conan Doyle would sporadically write new Holmes stories until 1927. Holmes aficionados refer to the period from 1891 to 1894—between his disappearance and presumed death in "The Final Problem" and his reappearance in "The Adventure of the Empty House"—as the Great Hiatus.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> The earliest known use of this expression dates to 1946.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retirement">Retirement</h3></div> In His Last Bow, the reader is told that Holmes has retired to a small farm on the <a href="/wiki/South_Downs" title="South Downs">Sussex Downs</a> and taken up <a href="/wiki/Beekeeping" title="Beekeeping">beekeeping</a> as his primary occupation.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> The move is not dated precisely, but can be presumed to be no later than 1904 (since it is referred to retrospectively in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Second_Stain" title="The Adventure of the Second Stain">The Adventure of the Second Stain</a>", first published that year).<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> The story features Holmes and Watson coming out of retirement to aid the British <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">war</a> effort. Only one other adventure, "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Lion%27s_Mane" title="The Adventure of the Lion's Mane">The Adventure of the Lion's Mane</a>", takes place during the detective's retirement.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personality_and_habits">Personality and habits</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Adventure_of_the_Priory_School_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/The_Adventure_of_the_Priory_School_08.jpg/170px-The_Adventure_of_the_Priory_School_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/The_Adventure_of_the_Priory_School_08.jpg/255px-The_Adventure_of_the_Priory_School_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/The_Adventure_of_the_Priory_School_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>Holmes examining a bicycle with Watson standing behind in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Priory_School" title="The Adventure of the Priory School">The Adventure of the Priory School</a>" from 1904. <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Paget" title="Sidney Paget">Sidney Paget</a>'s illustrations in <a href="/wiki/The_Strand_Magazine" title="The Strand Magazine">The Strand Magazine</a> iconicised both characters.</figcaption></figure> Watson describes Holmes as "<a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">bohemian</a>" in his habits and lifestyle.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> Said to have a "cat-like" love of personal cleanliness,<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> at the same time Holmes is an <a href="/wiki/Eccentricity_(behavior)" title="Eccentricity (behavior)">eccentric</a> with no regard for contemporary standards of tidiness or good order. Watson describes him as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">in his personal habits one of the most untidy men that ever drove a fellow-lodger to distraction. [He] keeps his cigars in the <a href="/wiki/Coal_scuttle" title="Coal scuttle">coal-scuttle</a>, his tobacco in the toe end of a Persian slipper, and his unanswered correspondence transfixed by a jack-knife into the very centre of his wooden mantelpiece. ... He had a horror of destroying documents. ... Thus month after month his papers accumulated, until every corner of the room was stacked with bundles of manuscript which were on no account to be burned, and which could not be put away save by their owner.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a></blockquote> While Holmes is characterised as dispassionate and cold, he can be animated and excitable during an investigation. He has a flair for showmanship, often keeping his methods and evidence hidden until the last possible moment so as to impress observers.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> Holmes is willing to break the law as a means for righting a wrong, contending that "there are certain crimes which the law cannot touch, and which therefore, to some extent, justify private revenge."<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> His companion condones the detective's willingness to do this on behalf of a client—lying to the police, concealing evidence or breaking into houses—when he also feels it morally justifiable.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> Except for that of Watson, Holmes avoids casual company. In <a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Gloria_Scott" title="The Adventure of the Gloria Scott">"The Gloria Scott"</a>, he tells the doctor that during two years at college he made only one friend: "I was never a very sociable fellow, Watson ... I never mixed much with the men of my year."<a href="#cite_note-Klinger_I_p._502-60">[59]</a> The detective goes without food at times of intense intellectual activity, believing that "the faculties become refined when you starve them".<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> At times, Holmes relaxes with music, either playing the violin<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> or enjoying the works of composers such as <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pablo_de_Sarasate" title="Pablo de Sarasate">Pablo de Sarasate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drug_use">Drug use</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherlock_Holmes_-_The_Man_with_the_Twisted_Lip_(colored).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Holmes in a blue bathrobe, reclining against a pillow and smoking his pipe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sherlock_Holmes_-_The_Man_with_the_Twisted_Lip_%28colored%29.jpg/170px-Sherlock_Holmes_-_The_Man_with_the_Twisted_Lip_%28colored%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sherlock_Holmes_-_The_Man_with_the_Twisted_Lip_%28colored%29.jpg/255px-Sherlock_Holmes_-_The_Man_with_the_Twisted_Lip_%28colored%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Sherlock_Holmes_-_The_Man_with_the_Twisted_Lip_%28colored%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="325" /></a><figcaption>1891 Paget portrait of Holmes smoking his pipe for "<a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Twisted_Lip" title="The Man with the Twisted Lip">The Man with the Twisted Lip</a>"</figcaption></figure> Holmes occasionally uses addictive drugs, especially in the absence of stimulating cases.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> He sometimes used <a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">morphine</a> and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>, the latter of which he injects in a seven-per cent solution; both drugs <a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_United_Kingdom#History" title="Drug policy of the United Kingdom">were legal</a> in 19th-century England.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> As a physician, Watson strongly disapproves of his friend's cocaine habit, describing it as the detective's only vice, and concerned about its effect on Holmes's <a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental health</a> and intellect.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> In "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Missing_Three-Quarter" title="The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter">The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter</a>", Watson says that although he has "weaned" Holmes from drugs, the detective remains an addict whose habit is "not dead, but merely sleeping".<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> Watson and Holmes both use tobacco, smoking cigarettes, cigars, and <a href="/wiki/Smoking_pipe_(tobacco)" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoking pipe (tobacco)">pipes</a>. Although his chronicler does not consider Holmes's smoking a vice per se, Watson—a physician—does criticise the detective for creating a "poisonous atmosphere" in their confined quarters.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finances">Finances</h3></div> Holmes is known to charge clients for his expenses and claim any reward offered for a problem's solution, such as in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Speckled_Band" title="The Adventure of the Speckled Band">The Adventure of the Speckled Band</a>", "<a href="/wiki/The_Red-Headed_League" title="The Red-Headed League">The Red-Headed League</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Beryl_Coronet" title="The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet">The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet</a>". The detective states at one point that "My professional charges are upon a fixed scale. I do not vary them, save when I remit them altogether." In this context, a client is offering to double his fee, and it is implied that wealthy clients habitually pay Holmes more than his standard rate.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> In "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Priory_School" title="The Adventure of the Priory School">The Adventure of the Priory School</a>", Holmes earns a £6,000 fee<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> (at a time where annual expenses for a rising young professional were in the area of £500).<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> However, Watson notes that Holmes would refuse to help even the wealthy and powerful if their cases did not interest him.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attitudes_towards_women">Attitudes towards women</h3></div> As Conan Doyle wrote to Joseph Bell, "Holmes is as inhuman as a <a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage" title="Charles Babbage">Babbage</a>'s Calculating Machine and just about as likely to fall in love."<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> Holmes says of himself that he is "not a whole-souled admirer of womankind",<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> and that he finds "the motives of women ... inscrutable. ... How can you build on such quicksand? Their most trivial actions may mean volumes".<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> In <a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_the_Four" title="The Sign of the Four">The Sign of Four</a>, he says, "Women are never to be entirely trusted—not the best of them", a feeling Watson notes as an "atrocious sentiment".<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> In "The Adventure of the Lion's Mane", Holmes writes, "Women have seldom been an attraction to me, for my brain has always governed my heart."<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> At the end of The Sign of Four, Holmes states that "love is an emotional thing, and whatever is emotional is opposed to that true, cold reason which I place above all things. I should never marry myself, lest I bias my judgement."<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> Ultimately, Holmes claims outright that "I have never loved."<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> But while Watson says that the detective has an "aversion to women",<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> he also notes Holmes as having "a peculiarly ingratiating way with [them]".<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> Watson notes that their housekeeper Mrs. Hudson is fond of Holmes because of his "remarkable gentleness and courtesy in his dealings with women. He disliked and distrusted the sex, but he was always a chivalrous opponent."<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> However, in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milverton" title="The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton">The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton</a>", the detective becomes <a href="/wiki/Engagement" title="Engagement">engaged</a> under false pretenses in order to obtain information about a case, abandoning the woman once he has the information he requires.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Irene_Adler">Irene Adler</h4></div> <a href="/wiki/Irene_Adler" title="Irene Adler">Irene Adler</a> is a retired American opera singer and actress who appears in "<a href="/wiki/A_Scandal_in_Bohemia" title="A Scandal in Bohemia">A Scandal in Bohemia</a>". Although this is her only appearance, she is one of only a handful of people who bests Holmes in a battle of wits, and the only woman. For this reason, Adler is the frequent subject of <a href="/wiki/Pastiche" title="Pastiche">pastiche</a> writing.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> The beginning of the story describes the high regard in which Holmes holds her: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">To Sherlock Holmes she is always the woman. I have seldom heard him mention her under any other name. In his eyes she eclipses and predominates the whole of her sex. It was not that he felt any emotion akin to love for Irene Adler. ... And yet there was but one woman to him, and that woman was the late Irene Adler, of dubious and questionable memory.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a></blockquote> Five years before the story's events, Adler had a brief liaison with Crown Prince of <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> Wilhelm von Ormstein. As the story opens, the Prince is engaged to another. Fearful that the marriage would be called off if his fiancée's family learns of this past impropriety, Ormstein hires Holmes to regain a photograph of Adler and himself. Adler slips away before Holmes can succeed. Her memory is kept alive by the photograph of Adler that Holmes received for his part in the case.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Knowledge_and_skills">Knowledge and skills</h2></div> Shortly after meeting Holmes in the first story, A Study in Scarlet (generally assumed to be 1881, though the exact date is not given), Watson assesses the detective's abilities: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <ol><li>Knowledge of Literature – nil.</li> <li>Knowledge of Philosophy – nil.</li> <li>Knowledge of Astronomy – nil.</li> <li>Knowledge of Politics – Feeble.</li> <li>Knowledge of Botany – Variable. Well up in <a href="/wiki/Atropa_belladonna" title="Atropa belladonna">belladonna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a>, and poisons generally. Knows nothing of practical gardening.</li> <li>Knowledge of Geology – Practical, but limited. Tells at a glance different soils from each other. After walks, has shown me splashes upon his trousers, and told me by their colour and consistence in what <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_London" title="Geology of London">part of London</a> he had received them.</li> <li>Knowledge of Chemistry – Profound.</li> <li>Knowledge of Anatomy – Accurate, but unsystematic.</li> <li>Knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Sensation_novel" title="Sensation novel">Sensational Literature</a> – Immense. He appears to know every detail of every horror perpetrated in the century.</li> <li>Plays the violin well.</li> <li>Is an expert <a href="/wiki/Singlestick" title="Singlestick">singlestick</a> player, boxer, and swordsman.</li> <li>Has a good practical knowledge of British law.<a href="#cite_note-Klinger_III_pp._34-35-93">[92]</a></li></ol></blockquote> In A Study in Scarlet, Holmes claims to be unaware that the Earth revolves around the Sun since such information is irrelevant to his work; after hearing that fact from Watson, he says he will immediately try to forget it. The detective believes that the mind has a finite capacity for information storage, and learning useless things reduces one's ability to learn useful things.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> The later stories move away from this notion: in <a href="/wiki/The_Valley_of_Fear" title="The Valley of Fear">The Valley of Fear</a>, he says, "All knowledge comes useful to the detective",<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> and in "The Adventure of the Lion's Mane", the detective calls himself "an omnivorous reader with a strangely retentive memory for trifles".<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> Looking back on the development of the character in 1912, Conan Doyle wrote that "In the first one, the Study in Scarlet, [Holmes] was a mere calculating machine, but I had to make him more of an educated human being as I went on with him."<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> Despite Holmes's supposed ignorance of politics, in "A Scandal in Bohemia" he immediately recognises the true identity of the disguised "Count von Kramm".<a href="#cite_note-Klinger_I_pp._15-16-37">[36]</a> At the end of A Study in Scarlet, Holmes demonstrates a knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> The detective cites <a href="/wiki/Hafez" title="Hafez">Hafez</a>,<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a>,<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Flaubert%27s_letters" title="Flaubert's letters">a letter</a> from <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Gustave Flaubert</a> to <a href="/wiki/George_Sand" title="George Sand">George Sand</a> in the original French.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> In The Hound of the Baskervilles, the detective recognises works by <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Kneller" title="Godfrey Kneller">Godfrey Kneller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds" title="Joshua Reynolds">Joshua Reynolds</a>: "Watson won't allow that I know anything of art, but that is mere jealousy since our views upon the subject differ."<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> In "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Bruce-Partington_Plans" title="The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans">The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans</a>", Watson says that "Holmes lost himself in a monograph which he had undertaken upon the Polyphonic <a href="/wiki/Motet" title="Motet">Motets</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lassus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lassus">Lassus</a>", considered "the last word" on the subject—which must have been the result of an intensive and very specialized musicological study which could have had no possible application to the solution of criminal mysteries.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> Holmes is a <a href="/wiki/Cryptanalyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptanalyst">cryptanalyst</a>, telling Watson that "I am fairly familiar with all forms of secret writing, and am myself the author of a trifling monograph upon the subject, in which I analyse one hundred and sixty separate ciphers."<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> Holmes also demonstrates a knowledge of psychology in "A Scandal in Bohemia", luring Irene Adler into betraying where she hid a photograph based on the premise that a woman will rush to save her most valued possession from a fire.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> Another example is in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Blue_Carbuncle" title="The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle">The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle</a>", where Holmes obtains information from a salesman with a wager: "When you see a man with whiskers of that cut and <a href="/wiki/The_Sporting_Times" title="The Sporting Times">the 'Pink 'un'</a> protruding out of his pocket, you can always draw him by a bet ... I daresay that if I had put 100 pounds down in front of him, that man would not have given me such complete information as was drawn from him by the idea that he was doing me on a wager."<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Konnikova" title="Maria Konnikova">Maria Konnikova</a> points out in an interview with <a href="/wiki/D._J._Grothe" title="D. J. Grothe">D. J. Grothe</a> that Holmes practises what is now called mindfulness, concentrating on one thing at a time, and almost never "multitasks". She adds that in this he predates the science showing how helpful this is to the brain.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holmesian_deduction">Holmesian deduction</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Adventure_of_the_Abbey_Grange_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colour illustration of Holmes bending over a dead man in front of a fireplace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/The_Adventure_of_the_Abbey_Grange_03.jpg/170px-The_Adventure_of_the_Abbey_Grange_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/The_Adventure_of_the_Abbey_Grange_03.jpg/255px-The_Adventure_of_the_Abbey_Grange_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/The_Adventure_of_the_Abbey_Grange_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>Sidney Paget illustration of Holmes examining a corpse for "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Abbey_Grange" title="The Adventure of the Abbey Grange">The Adventure of the Abbey Grange</a>"</figcaption></figure> Holmes observes the dress and attitude of his clients and suspects, noting skin marks (such as tattoos), contamination (such as ink stains or clay on boots), emotional state, and physical condition in order to deduce their origins and recent history. The style and state of wear of a person's clothes and personal items are also commonly relied on; in the stories, Holmes is seen applying his method to items such as walking sticks,<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> pipes,<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> and hats.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> For example, in "A Scandal in Bohemia", Holmes infers that Watson had got wet lately and had "a most clumsy and careless servant girl". When Watson asks how Holmes knows this, the detective answers: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">It is simplicity itself ... my eyes tell me that on the inside of your left shoe, just where the firelight strikes it, the leather is scored by six almost parallel cuts. Obviously they have been caused by someone who has very carelessly scraped round the edges of the sole in order to remove crusted mud from it. Hence, you see, my double deduction that you had been out in vile weather, and that you had a particularly malignant boot-slitting specimen of the London slavey.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a></blockquote> In the first Holmes story, A Study in Scarlet, Dr. Watson compares Holmes to <a href="/wiki/C._Auguste_Dupin" title="C. Auguste Dupin">C. Auguste Dupin</a>, Edgar Allan Poe's fictional detective, who employed a similar methodology. Alluding to an episode in "<a href="/wiki/The_Murders_in_the_Rue_Morgue" title="The Murders in the Rue Morgue">The Murders in the Rue Morgue</a>", where Dupin determines what his friend is thinking despite their having walked together in silence for a quarter of an hour, Holmes remarks: "That trick of his breaking in on his friend's thoughts with an apropos remark ... is really very showy and superficial."<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> Nevertheless, Holmes later performs the same 'trick' on Watson in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Cardboard_Box" title="The Adventure of the Cardboard Box">The Cardboard Box</a>"<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> and "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Dancing_Men" title="The Adventure of the Dancing Men">The Adventure of the Dancing Men</a>".<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> Though the stories always refer to Holmes's intellectual detection method as "<a href="/wiki/Deductive_reasoning" title="Deductive reasoning">deduction</a>", Holmes primarily relies on <a href="/wiki/Abductive_reasoning" title="Abductive reasoning">abduction</a>: <a href="/wiki/Inference" title="Inference">inferring</a> an explanation for observed details.<a href="#cite_note-Bird-116">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> "From a drop of water," he writes, "a logician could infer the possibility of an <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls" title="Niagara Falls">Niagara</a> without having seen or heard of one or the other."<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> However, Holmes does employ deductive reasoning as well. The detective's guiding principle, as he says in The Sign of Four, is: "When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth."<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> Despite Holmes's remarkable reasoning abilities, Conan Doyle still paints him as fallible in this regard (this being a central theme of "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Yellow_Face" title="The Adventure of the Yellow Face">The Yellow Face</a>").<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forensic_science">Forensic science</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mikroskop-seibert_hg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Mikroskop-seibert_hg.jpg/170px-Mikroskop-seibert_hg.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Mikroskop-seibert_hg.jpg/255px-Mikroskop-seibert_hg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Mikroskop-seibert_hg.jpg/340px-Mikroskop-seibert_hg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2665" data-file-height="3031" /></a><figcaption>19th-century Seibert microscope</figcaption></figure> Though Holmes is famed for his reasoning capabilities, his investigative technique relies heavily on the acquisition of hard evidence. Many of the techniques he employs in the stories were at the time in their infancy.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-123">[122]</a> The detective is particularly skilled in the analysis of <a href="/wiki/Trace_evidence" title="Trace evidence">trace evidence</a> and other physical evidence, including latent prints (such as footprints, hoof prints, and shoe and tire impressions) to identify actions at a crime scene,<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> using tobacco ashes and cigarette butts to identify criminals,<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> utilizing <a href="/wiki/Questioned_document_examination" title="Questioned document examination">handwriting analysis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Graphology" title="Graphology">graphology</a>,<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> comparing <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewritten</a> letters to expose a fraud,<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> using gunpowder residue to expose two murderers,<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> and analyzing small pieces of human remains to expose two murders.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> Because of the small scale of much of his evidence, the detective often uses a magnifying glass at the scene and an <a href="/wiki/Optical_microscope" title="Optical microscope">optical microscope</a> at his Baker Street lodgings. He uses <a href="/wiki/Analytical_chemistry" title="Analytical chemistry">analytical chemistry</a> for <a href="/wiki/Blood_residue" title="Blood residue">blood residue</a> analysis and <a href="/wiki/Toxicology" title="Toxicology">toxicology</a> to detect poisons; Holmes's home chemistry laboratory is mentioned in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Naval_Treaty" title="The Adventure of the Naval Treaty">The Naval Treaty</a>".<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ballistics" title="Ballistics">Ballistics</a> feature in "The Adventure of the Empty House" when spent bullets are recovered to be matched with a suspected murder weapon, a practice which became regular police procedure only some fifteen years after the story was published.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> Laura J. Snyder has examined Holmes's methods in the context of mid- to late-19th-century criminology, demonstrating that, while sometimes in advance of what official investigative departments were formally using at the time, they were based upon existing methods and techniques. For example, fingerprints were proposed to be distinct in Conan Doyle's day, and while Holmes used a thumbprint to solve a crime in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Norwood_Builder" title="The Adventure of the Norwood Builder">The Adventure of the Norwood Builder</a>" (generally held to be set in 1895), the story was published in 1903, two years after <a href="/wiki/Henry_Classification_System" title="Henry Classification System">Scotland Yard's fingerprint bureau</a> opened.<a href="#cite_note-:4-123">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> Though the effect of the Holmes stories on the development of forensic science has thus often been overstated, Holmes inspired future generations of forensic scientists to think scientifically and analytically.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disguises">Disguises</h3></div> Holmes displays a strong aptitude for acting and disguise. In several stories ("<a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_Four" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sign of Four">The Sign of Four</a>", "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milverton" title="The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton">The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton</a>", "<a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Twisted_Lip" title="The Man with the Twisted Lip">The Man with the Twisted Lip</a>", "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Empty_House" title="The Adventure of the Empty House">The Adventure of the Empty House</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/A_Scandal_in_Bohemia" title="A Scandal in Bohemia">A Scandal in Bohemia</a>"), to gather evidence undercover, he uses disguises so convincing that Watson fails to recognise him. In others ("<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Dying_Detective" title="The Adventure of the Dying Detective">The Adventure of the Dying Detective</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/A_Scandal_in_Bohemia" title="A Scandal in Bohemia">A Scandal in Bohemia</a>"), Holmes feigns injury or illness to incriminate the guilty. In the latter story, Watson says, "The stage lost a fine actor ... when [Holmes] became a specialist in crime."<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> <a href="/wiki/Guy_Mankowski" title="Guy Mankowski">Guy Mankowski</a> has said of Holmes that his ability to change his appearance to blend into any situation "helped him personify the idea of the English eccentric chameleon, in a way that prefigured the likes of <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a>".<a href="#cite_note-:254-135">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agents">Agents</h3></div> Until Watson's arrival at Baker Street, Holmes largely worked alone, only occasionally employing agents from the city's underclass. These agents included a variety of <a href="/wiki/Informants" class="mw-redirect" title="Informants">informants</a>, such as Langdale Pike, a "human book of reference upon all matters of social scandal",<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> and Shinwell Johnson, who acted as Holmes's "agent in the huge criminal underworld of London".<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> The best known of Holmes's agents are a group of street children he called "the <a href="/wiki/Baker_Street_Irregulars" title="Baker Street Irregulars">Baker Street Irregulars</a>".<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combat">Combat</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_Mark_III_Model_of_1872.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Long-barreled revolver with a black handle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/British_Army_Mark_III_Model_of_1872.JPG/220px-British_Army_Mark_III_Model_of_1872.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/British_Army_Mark_III_Model_of_1872.JPG/330px-British_Army_Mark_III_Model_of_1872.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/British_Army_Mark_III_Model_of_1872.JPG/440px-British_Army_Mark_III_Model_of_1872.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption>British Army (Adams) Mark III, the type probably carried by Watson</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pistols">Pistols</h4></div> Holmes and Watson often carry pistols with them to confront criminals—in Watson's case, his old service weapon (probably a Mark III <a href="/wiki/Beaumont%E2%80%93Adams_revolver" title="Beaumont–Adams revolver">Adams revolver</a>, issued to British troops during the 1870s).<a href="#cite_note-Guns_&_Ammo-140">[139]</a> Holmes and Watson shoot the eponymous hound in The Hound of the Baskervilles,<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> and in "The Adventure of the Empty House", Watson <a href="/wiki/Pistol-whip" class="mw-redirect" title="Pistol-whip">pistol-whips</a> Colonel <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Moran" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebastian Moran">Sebastian Moran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> In "<a href="/wiki/The_Problem_of_Thor_Bridge" title="The Problem of Thor Bridge">The Problem of Thor Bridge</a>", Holmes uses Watson's revolver to solve the case through an experiment. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_weapons">Other weapons</h4></div> As a gentleman, Holmes often carries a stick or cane. He is described by Watson as an expert at <a href="/wiki/Singlestick" title="Singlestick">singlestick</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Klinger_III_pp._34-35-93">[92]</a> and uses his cane twice as a weapon.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> In A Study in Scarlet, Watson describes Holmes as an expert swordsman,<a href="#cite_note-Klinger_III_pp._34-35-93">[92]</a> and in "The Gloria Scott", the detective says he practised <a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">fencing</a> while at university.<a href="#cite_note-Klinger_I_p._502-60">[59]</a> In several stories ("<a href="/wiki/A_Case_of_Identity" title="A Case of Identity">A Case of Identity</a>", "The Red-Headed League", "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Six_Napoleons" title="The Adventure of the Six Napoleons">The Adventure of the Six Napoleons</a>"), Holmes wields a <a href="/wiki/Crop_(implement)" title="Crop (implement)">riding crop</a>, described in the latter story as his "favourite weapon".<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Personal_combat">Personal combat</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Adventure_of_the_Solitary_Cyclist_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Holmes fighting" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/The_Adventure_of_the_Solitary_Cyclist_03.jpg/170px-The_Adventure_of_the_Solitary_Cyclist_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/The_Adventure_of_the_Solitary_Cyclist_03.jpg/255px-The_Adventure_of_the_Solitary_Cyclist_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/The_Adventure_of_the_Solitary_Cyclist_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>Holmes outfighting Mr Woodley in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Solitary_Cyclist" title="The Adventure of the Solitary Cyclist">The Solitary Cyclist</a>"</figcaption></figure> The detective is described (or demonstrated) as possessing above-average physical strength. In "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Yellow_Face" title="The Adventure of the Yellow Face">The Yellow Face</a>", Holmes's chronicler says, "Few men were capable of greater muscular effort."<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> In "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Speckled_Band" title="The Adventure of the Speckled Band">The Adventure of the Speckled Band</a>", Dr. Roylott demonstrates his strength by bending a fire poker in half. Watson describes Holmes as laughing and saying, "'If he had remained I might have shown him that my grip was not much more feeble than his own.' As he spoke he picked up the steel poker and, with a sudden effort, straightened it out again."<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> Holmes is an adept <a href="/wiki/Bare-knuckle_boxing" title="Bare-knuckle boxing">bare-knuckle</a> fighter; "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Gloria_Scott" title="The Adventure of the Gloria Scott">The Gloria Scott</a>" mentions that Holmes boxed while at university.<a href="#cite_note-Klinger_I_p._502-60">[59]</a> In <a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_the_Four" title="The Sign of the Four">The Sign of Four</a>, he introduces himself to McMurdo, a <a href="/wiki/Professional_boxing" title="Professional boxing">prize fighter</a>, as "the <a href="/wiki/Amateur_boxing" title="Amateur boxing">amateur</a> who fought three rounds with you at Alison's rooms on the night of your benefit four years back". McMurdo remembers: "Ah, you're one that has wasted your gifts, you have! You might have aimed high if you had joined the fancy."<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> In "The Yellow Face", Watson says: "He was undoubtedly one of the finest boxers of his weight that I have ever seen."<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> In "The Solitary Cyclist", Holmes visits a country <a href="/wiki/Pub" title="Pub">pub</a> to make enquiries regarding a certain Mr Woodley which results in violence. Mr Woodley, Holmes tells Watson,<a href="#cite_note-Klinger_II_p._915-149">[148]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">... had been drinking his beer in the tap-room, and had heard the whole conversation. Who was I? What did I want? What did I mean by asking questions? He had a fine flow of language, and his adjectives were very vigorous. He ended a string of abuse by a vicious backhander, which I failed to entirely avoid. The next few minutes were delicious. It was a straight left against a slogging ruffian. I emerged as you see me. Mr. Woodley went home in a cart.<a href="#cite_note-Klinger_II_p._915-149">[148]</a></blockquote> Another character subsequently refers to Mr Woodley as looking "much disfigured" as a result of his encounter with Holmes.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> In "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Empty_House" title="The Adventure of the Empty House">The Adventure of the Empty House</a>", Holmes tells Watson that he used a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_martial_arts" title="Japanese martial arts">Japanese martial art</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Baritsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Baritsu">baritsu</a> to fling Moriarty to his death in the <a href="/wiki/Reichenbach_Falls" title="Reichenbach Falls">Reichenbach Falls</a>.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> "Baritsu" is Conan Doyle's version of <a href="/wiki/Bartitsu" title="Bartitsu">bartitsu</a>, which combines <a href="/wiki/Jujitsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Jujitsu">jujitsu</a> with boxing and <a href="/wiki/Canne_de_combat" title="Canne de combat">cane fencing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popularity">Popularity</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Strand_Magazine_(cover),_vol._65,_no._321,_September_1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/The_Strand_Magazine_%28cover%29%2C_vol._65%2C_no._321%2C_September_1917.jpg/170px-The_Strand_Magazine_%28cover%29%2C_vol._65%2C_no._321%2C_September_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/The_Strand_Magazine_%28cover%29%2C_vol._65%2C_no._321%2C_September_1917.jpg/255px-The_Strand_Magazine_%28cover%29%2C_vol._65%2C_no._321%2C_September_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/The_Strand_Magazine_%28cover%29%2C_vol._65%2C_no._321%2C_September_1917.jpg/340px-The_Strand_Magazine_%28cover%29%2C_vol._65%2C_no._321%2C_September_1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1112" data-file-height="1622" /></a><figcaption>The popularity of Sherlock Holmes became widespread after his first appearance in <a href="/wiki/The_Strand_Magazine" title="The Strand Magazine">The Strand Magazine</a> in 1891. This September 1917 edition of the magazine, with the cover story, "Sherlock Holmes outwits a German spy", could be posted to troops free of charge.</figcaption></figure> The first two Sherlock Holmes stories, the novels <a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet" title="A Study in Scarlet">A Study in Scarlet</a> (1887) and <a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_the_Four" title="The Sign of the Four">The Sign of the Four</a> (1890), were moderately well received, but Holmes first became very popular early in 1891 when the first six short stories featuring the character were published in <a href="/wiki/The_Strand_Magazine" title="The Strand Magazine">The Strand Magazine</a>. Holmes became widely known in Britain and America.<a href="#cite_note-:1-2">[1]</a> The character was so well known that in 1893 when Arthur Conan Doyle killed Holmes in the short story "<a href="/wiki/The_Final_Problem" title="The Final Problem">The Final Problem</a>", the strongly negative response from readers was unlike any previous public reaction to a fictional event. The Strand reportedly lost more than 20,000 subscribers as a result of Holmes's death.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> Public pressure eventually contributed to Conan Doyle writing another Holmes story in 1901 and resurrecting the character in a story published in 1903.<a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[7]</a> In Japan, Sherlock Holmes (and <a href="/wiki/Alice_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Alice (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Alice</a> from <a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland" title="Alice's Adventures in Wonderland">Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</a>) became immensely popular in the country in the 1890s as it was opening up to the West, and they are cited as two British fictional Victorians who left an enormous creative and cultural legacy there.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> Many fans of Sherlock Holmes have written letters to Holmes's address, <a href="/wiki/221B_Baker_Street" title="221B Baker Street">221B Baker Street</a>. Though the address 221B Baker Street did not exist when the stories were first published, letters began arriving to the large <a href="/wiki/Abbey_National" title="Abbey National">Abbey National</a> building which first encompassed that address almost as soon as it was built in 1932. Fans continue to send letters to Sherlock Holmes;<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> these letters are now delivered to the <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum" title="Sherlock Holmes Museum">Sherlock Holmes Museum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> Some of the people who have sent letters to 221B Baker Street believe Holmes is real.<a href="#cite_note-:5-5">[4]</a> Members of the general public have also believed Holmes actually existed. In a 2008 survey of British teenagers, 58 per cent of respondents believed that Sherlock Holmes was a real individual.<a href="#cite_note-:6-6">[5]</a> Some scholarly discussion of Holmes has occasionally been written (usually facetiously) from the perspective of Holmes and Dr. Watson having existed; an example of this are the five critical essays, "Studies in Sherlock Holmes", by the author and essayist <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_L._Sayers" title="Dorothy L. Sayers">Dorothy L. Sayers</a> in her 1946 non-fiction collection, Unpopular Opinions, including an article examining Watson's signature which was allegedly visible in some original Strand illustrations.<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> The Sherlock Holmes stories continue to be widely read.<a href="#cite_note-:1-2">[1]</a> Holmes's continuing popularity has led to many reimaginings of the character in adaptations.<a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[7]</a> Guinness World Records, which awarded Sherlock Holmes the title for "most portrayed literary human character in film & TV" in 2012, released a statement saying that the title "reflects his enduring appeal and demonstrates that his detective talents are as compelling today as they were 125 years ago".<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honours">Honours</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_Of_Sherlock_Holmes-Marylebone_Road.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Statue_Of_Sherlock_Holmes-Marylebone_Road.jpg/170px-Statue_Of_Sherlock_Holmes-Marylebone_Road.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Statue_Of_Sherlock_Holmes-Marylebone_Road.jpg/255px-Statue_Of_Sherlock_Holmes-Marylebone_Road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Statue_Of_Sherlock_Holmes-Marylebone_Road.jpg/340px-Statue_Of_Sherlock_Holmes-Marylebone_Road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes,_London" title="Statue of Sherlock Holmes, London">Statue of Sherlock Holmes</a> near <a href="/wiki/221B_Baker_Street" title="221B Baker Street">221B Baker Street</a>, London</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sign_at_Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_in_Baker_St_221b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Sign_at_Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_in_Baker_St_221b.jpg/170px-Sign_at_Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_in_Baker_St_221b.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Sign_at_Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_in_Baker_St_221b.jpg/255px-Sign_at_Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_in_Baker_St_221b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Sign_at_Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_in_Baker_St_221b.jpg/340px-Sign_at_Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_in_Baker_St_221b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1414" data-file-height="1219" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">Blue plaque</a> at The Sherlock Holmes Museum 221b Baker Street, London</figcaption></figure> The London <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Railway" title="Metropolitan Railway">Metropolitan Railway</a> named one of its twenty <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Railway_electric_locomotives" title="Metropolitan Railway electric locomotives">electric locomotives</a> deployed in the 1920s for Sherlock Holmes. He was the only fictional character so honoured, along with eminent Britons such as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Florence_Nightingale" title="Florence Nightingale">Florence Nightingale</a>.<a href="#cite_note-reed1934-158">[157]</a> A number of London streets are associated with Holmes. York Mews South, off Crawford Street, was renamed Sherlock Mews, and Watson's Mews is near Crawford Place.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Sherlock Holmes">The Sherlock Holmes</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Public_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Public house">public house</a> in Northumberland Street in London which contains a large collection of memorabilia related to Holmes, the original collection having been put together for display in <a href="/wiki/Baker_Street" title="Baker Street">Baker Street</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Britain" title="Festival of Britain">Festival of Britain</a> in 1951.<a href="#cite_note-Sherlock-160">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-Book-161">[160]</a> In 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry</a> bestowed an honorary fellowship on Holmes for his use of forensic science and analytical chemistry in popular literature, making him (as of 2024) the only fictional character thus honoured.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> Holmes has been commemorated numerous times on UK postage stamps issued by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mail" title="Royal Mail">Royal Mail</a>, most recently in their <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_commemorative_stamps_2020%E2%80%932029#2020" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Britain commemorative stamps 2020–2029">August 2020 series</a> to celebrate the Sherlock television series.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> There are multiple statues of Sherlock Holmes around the world. The first, sculpted by <a href="/wiki/John_Doubleday_(sculptor)" title="John Doubleday (sculptor)">John Doubleday</a>, was unveiled in <a href="/wiki/Meiringen" title="Meiringen">Meiringen</a>, Switzerland, in September 1988. The second was unveiled in October 1988 in <a href="/wiki/Karuizawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Karuizawa">Karuizawa</a>, Japan, and was sculpted by Yoshinori Satoh. The third was installed in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1989, and was sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Laing" title="Gerald Laing">Gerald Laing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Redmond_301-164">[163]</a> In 1999, a <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes,_London" title="Statue of Sherlock Holmes, London">statue of Sherlock Holmes</a> in London, also by John Doubleday, was unveiled near the fictional detective's address, 221B Baker Street.<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> In 2001, a sculpture of Holmes and Arthur Conan Doyle by <a href="/wiki/Irena_Sedleck%C3%A1" title="Irena Sedlecká">Irena Sedlecká</a> was unveiled in a statue collection in Warwickshire, England.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> A sculpture depicting both Holmes and Watson was unveiled in 2007 in Moscow, Russia, based partially on <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Paget" title="Sidney Paget">Sidney Paget</a>'s illustrations and partially on the actors in <a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes_and_Dr._Watson" title="The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson">The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> In 2015, a sculpture of Holmes by <a href="/wiki/Jane_DeDecker" title="Jane DeDecker">Jane DeDecker</a> was installed in the police headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Edmond,_Oklahoma" title="Edmond, Oklahoma">Edmond</a>, Oklahoma, United States.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> In 2019, a statue of Holmes was unveiled in <a href="/wiki/Chester,_Illinois" title="Chester, Illinois">Chester</a>, Illinois, United States, as part of a series of statues honouring cartoonist <a href="/wiki/E._C._Segar" title="E. C. Segar">E. C. Segar</a> and his characters. The statue is titled "Sherlock & Segar", and the face of the statue was modelled on Segar.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Societies">Societies</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_fandom#Societies" title="Sherlock Holmes fandom">Sherlock Holmes fandom § Societies</a></div> In 1934, the Sherlock Holmes Society (in London) and the <a href="/wiki/The_Baker_Street_Irregulars" title="The Baker Street Irregulars">Baker Street Irregulars</a> (in New York) were founded. The latter is still active. The Sherlock Holmes Society was dissolved later in the 1930s, but was succeeded by a society with a slightly different name, the Sherlock Holmes Society of London, which was founded in 1951 and remains active.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> These societies were followed by many more, first in the U.S. (where they are known as "scion societies"—offshoots—of the Baker Street Irregulars) and then in England and Denmark. There are at least 250 societies worldwide, including Australia, Canada (such as <a href="/wiki/The_Bootmakers_of_Toronto" title="The Bootmakers of Toronto">The Bootmakers of Toronto</a>), India, and Japan.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> Fans tend to be called "Holmesians" in the U.K. and "Sherlockians" in the U.S.,<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> though recently "Sherlockian" has also come to refer to fans of the <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_(TV_series)" title="Sherlock (TV series)">Benedict Cumberbatch-led BBC series</a> regardless of location.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_detective_story">The detective story</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes_in_Edinburgh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Statue of Holmes, holding a pipe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes_in_Edinburgh.jpg/170px-Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes_in_Edinburgh.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes_in_Edinburgh.jpg/255px-Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes_in_Edinburgh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes_in_Edinburgh.jpg/340px-Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes_in_Edinburgh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Holmes in an <a href="/wiki/Inverness_cape" title="Inverness cape">Inverness cape</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Deerstalker" title="Deerstalker">deerstalker</a> cap on Picardy Place in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> (Conan Doyle's birthplace)</figcaption></figure> Although Holmes is not the original fictional detective, his name has become synonymous with the role. Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories introduced multiple literary devices that have become major conventions in detective fiction, such as the companion character who is not as clever as the detective and has solutions explained to him (thus informing the reader as well), as with <a href="/wiki/Dr._Watson" title="Dr. Watson">Dr. Watson</a> in the Holmes stories. Other conventions introduced by Doyle include the arch-criminal who is too clever for the official police to defeat, like Holmes's adversary <a href="/wiki/Professor_Moriarty" title="Professor Moriarty">Professor Moriarty</a>, and the use of forensic science to solve cases.<a href="#cite_note-:1-2">[1]</a> The Sherlock Holmes stories established crime fiction as a respectable genre popular with readers of all backgrounds, and Doyle's success inspired many contemporary detective stories.<a href="#cite_note-smith-177">[176]</a> Holmes influenced the creation of other "eccentric <a href="/wiki/Gentleman_detective" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentleman detective">gentleman detective</a>" characters, like <a href="/wiki/Agatha_Christie" title="Agatha Christie">Agatha Christie</a>'s fictional detective <a href="/wiki/Hercule_Poirot" title="Hercule Poirot">Hercule Poirot</a>, introduced in 1920.<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> Holmes also inspired a number of anti-hero characters "almost as an antidote to the masterful detective", such as the <a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">gentleman thief</a> characters <a href="/wiki/A._J._Raffles" class="mw-redirect" title="A. J. Raffles">A. J. Raffles</a> (created by <a href="/wiki/E._W._Hornung" title="E. W. Hornung">E. W. Hornung</a> in 1898) and <a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin" title="Arsène Lupin">Arsène Lupin</a> (created by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Leblanc" title="Maurice Leblanc">Maurice Leblanc</a> in 1905).<a href="#cite_note-smith-177">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Elementary,_my_dear_Watson"">"Elementary, my dear Watson"</h3></div> The phrase "Elementary, my dear Watson" has become one of the most quoted and iconic aspects of the character. However, although Holmes often observes that his conclusions are "elementary", and occasionally calls Watson "my dear Watson", the phrase "Elementary, my dear Watson" is never uttered in any of the sixty stories by Conan Doyle.<a href="#cite_note-bostrom183-179">[178]</a> One of the nearest approximations of the phrase appears in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Crooked_Man" title="The Adventure of the Crooked Man">The Adventure of the Crooked Man</a>" (1893) when Holmes explains a deduction: "'Excellent!' I cried. 'Elementary,' said he."<a href="#cite_note-snopes-180">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-yale-181">[180]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Gillette" title="William Gillette">William Gillette</a> is widely considered to have originated the phrase with the formulation, "Oh, this is elementary, my dear fellow", allegedly in his 1899 play <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(play)" title="Sherlock Holmes (play)">Sherlock Holmes</a>. However, the script was <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(play)#Revisions" title="Sherlock Holmes (play)">revised numerous times</a> over the course of some three decades of revivals and publications, and the phrase is present in some versions of the script, but not others.<a href="#cite_note-bostrom183-179">[178]</a> The appearance of the line "Elementary, my dear Potson" in a Sherlock Holmes parody from 1901 has led some authors to speculate that, rather than this being an incidental formulation, the parodist drew upon an already well-established occurrences of "Elementary, my dear Watson."<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> The exact phrase, as well as close variants, can be seen in newspaper and journal articles as early as 1909.<a href="#cite_note-bostrom183-179">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> It was also used by <a href="/wiki/P._G._Wodehouse" title="P. G. Wodehouse">P. G. Wodehouse</a> in his novel <a href="/wiki/Psmith,_Journalist" title="Psmith, Journalist">Psmith, Journalist</a>, which was first serialised in <a href="/wiki/The_Captain_(magazine)" title="The Captain (magazine)">The Captain</a> magazine between October 1909 and February 1910; the phrase occurred in the January 1910 instalment. The phrase became familiar with the American public in part due to its use in <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1939_film_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1939 film series)">the Rathbone-Bruce series of films</a> from 1939 to 1946.<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Great_Game">The Great Game</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sherlockian_game" title="Sherlockian game">Sherlockian game</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:221B_Baker_Street.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Overhead floor plan of Holmes's lodgings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/221B_Baker_Street.JPEG/220px-221B_Baker_Street.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/221B_Baker_Street.JPEG/330px-221B_Baker_Street.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/221B_Baker_Street.JPEG/440px-221B_Baker_Street.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="565" /></a><figcaption>Russ Stutler's view of <a href="/wiki/221B_Baker_Street" title="221B Baker Street">221B Baker Street</a></figcaption></figure><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Sherlock Holmes Museum, London</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_Study_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cluttered desk with books, jars, sculpted elephants and other objects" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_Study_2.jpg/200px-Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_Study_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_Study_2.jpg/300px-Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_Study_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_Study_2.jpg/400px-Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_Study_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Study_(room)" title="Study (room)">Study</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cluttered room with fireplace, three armchairs and a violin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_001.jpg/200px-Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_001.jpg/300px-Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_001.jpg/400px-Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4044" data-file-height="2740" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Drawing_room" title="Drawing room">Drawing room</a></div></div></div></div></div>Conan Doyle's 56 short stories and four novels are known as the "<a href="/wiki/Canon_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Canon of Sherlock Holmes">canon</a>" by Holmes aficionados. The Great Game (also known as the Holmesian Game, the Sherlockian Game, or simply the Game, also the Higher Criticism) applies the methods of literary and especially <a href="/wiki/Biblical_criticism" title="Biblical criticism">Biblical criticism</a> to the canon, operating on the pretense that Holmes and Watson were real people and that Conan Doyle was not the author of the stories but Watson's <a href="/wiki/Literary_agent" title="Literary agent">literary agent</a>. From this basis, it attempts to resolve or explain away contradictions in the canon—such as the location of Watson's war wound, described as being in his shoulder in A Study in Scarlet and in his leg in The Sign of Four—and clarify details about Holmes, Watson and their world, such as the exact dates of events in the stories, combining historical research with references from the stories to construct scholarly analyses.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-wnyc.org-187">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> For example, one detail analyzed in the Game is Holmes's birth date. The chronology of the stories is notoriously difficult, with many stories lacking dates and many others containing contradictory ones. <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Morley" title="Christopher Morley">Christopher Morley</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Baring-Gould" class="mw-redirect" title="William Baring-Gould">William Baring-Gould</a> contend that the detective was born on 6 January 1854, the year being derived from the statement in "His Last Bow" that he was 60 years of age in 1914, while the precise day is derived from broader, non-canonical speculation.<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> This is the date the Baker Street Irregulars work from, with their annual dinner being held each January.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> <a href="/wiki/Laurie_R._King" title="Laurie R. King">Laurie R. King</a> instead argues that details in "The Gloria Scott" (a story with no precise internal date) indicate that Holmes finished his second (and final) year of university in 1880 or 1885. If he began university at age 17, his birth year could be as late as 1868.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums_and_special_collections">Museums and special collections</h3></div> For the 1951 <a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Britain" title="Festival of Britain">Festival of Britain</a>, Holmes's <a href="/wiki/Living_room" title="Living room">living room</a> was reconstructed as part of a Sherlock Holmes exhibition, with a collection of original material. After the festival, items were transferred to <a href="/wiki/The_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Sherlock Holmes">The Sherlock Holmes</a> (a London pub) and the Conan Doyle collection housed in <a href="/wiki/Lucens" title="Lucens">Lucens</a>, Switzerland, by the author's son, <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Conan_Doyle" title="Adrian Conan Doyle">Adrian</a>. Both exhibitions, each with a Baker Street sitting-room reconstruction, are open to the public.<a href="#cite_note-Swissinfo-193">[192]</a> In 1969, the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Reference_Library" title="Toronto Reference Library">Toronto Reference Library</a> began a collection of materials related to Conan Doyle. Stored today in Room 221B, this vast collection is accessible to the public.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> Similarly, in 1974 the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a> founded a collection that is now "the world's largest gathering of material related to Sherlock Holmes and his creator". Access is closed to the general public, but is occasionally open to tours.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> In 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum" title="Sherlock Holmes Museum">Sherlock Holmes Museum</a> opened on Baker Street in London, followed the next year by a museum in <a href="/wiki/Meiringen" title="Meiringen">Meiringen</a> (near the Reichenbach Falls) dedicated to the detective.<a href="#cite_note-Swissinfo-193">[192]</a> A private Conan Doyle collection is a permanent exhibit at the <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_City_Museum" title="Portsmouth City Museum">Portsmouth City Museum</a>, where the author lived and worked as a physician.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postcolonial_criticism">Postcolonial criticism</h3></div> The Sherlock Holmes stories have been scrutinized by a few academics for themes of empire and colonialism. Susan Cannon Harris claims that themes of contagion and containment are common in the Holmes series, including the metaphors of Eastern foreigners as the root cause of "infection" within and around Europe.<a href="#cite_note-:04-198">[197]</a> Lauren Raheja, writing in the Marxist journal Nature, Society, and Thought, claims that Doyle used these characteristics to paint eastern colonies in a negative light, through their continually being the source of threats. For example, in one story, Doyle makes mention of the <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatran</a> cannibals (also known as <a href="/wiki/Batak" title="Batak">Batak</a>) who throw poisonous darts, and in "The Speckled Band", a "long residence in the tropics" was a negative influence on one antagonist's bad temper.<a href="#cite_note-:13-199">[198]</a> Yumna Siddiqi argues that Doyle depicted returned colonials as "marginal, physically ravaged characters that threaten the peace", while putting non-colonials in a much more positive light.<a href="#cite_note-:23-200">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations_and_derived_works">Adaptations and derived works</h2></div> The popularity of Sherlock Holmes has meant that many writers other than Arthur Conan Doyle have created tales of the detective in a wide variety of different media, with varying degrees of fidelity to the original characters, stories, and setting. The first known period <a href="/wiki/Pastiche" title="Pastiche">pastiche</a> dates from 1891. Titled "The Late Sherlock Holmes", it was written by Conan Doyle's close friend <a href="/wiki/J._M._Barrie" title="J. M. Barrie">J. M. Barrie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> Adaptations have seen the character taken in radically different directions or placed in different times or even universes. For example, Holmes falls in love and marries in <a href="/wiki/Laurie_R._King" title="Laurie R. King">Laurie R. King</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mary_Russell_(character)" title="Mary Russell (character)">Mary Russell</a> series, is re-animated after his death to fight future crime in the animated series <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_in_the_22nd_Century" title="Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century">Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century</a>, and is meshed with the setting of <a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">H. P. Lovecraft</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cthulhu_Mythos" title="Cthulhu Mythos">Cthulhu Mythos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Emerald" title="A Study in Emerald">A Study in Emerald</a>" (which won the 2004 <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Award</a> for Best Short Story). An especially influential pastiche was <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Meyer" title="Nicholas Meyer">Nicholas Meyer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Seven-Per-Cent_Solution" title="The Seven-Per-Cent Solution">The Seven-Per-Cent Solution</a>, a 1974 <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">New York Times</a> bestselling novel (made into the 1976 <a href="/wiki/The_Seven-Per-Cent_Solution_(film)" title="The Seven-Per-Cent Solution (film)">film of the same name</a>) in which Holmes's cocaine addiction has progressed to the point of endangering his career. It served to popularize the trend of incorporating clearly identified and contemporaneous historical figures (such as <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper" title="Jack the Ripper">Jack the Ripper</a>) into Holmesian pastiches, something Conan Doyle himself never did.<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> Another common pastiche approach is to create a new story fully detailing an otherwise-passing canonical reference (such as an aside by Conan Doyle mentioning the "<a href="/wiki/Giant_rat_of_Sumatra" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant rat of Sumatra">giant rat of Sumatra</a>, a story for which the world is not yet prepared" in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Sussex_Vampire" title="The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire">The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire</a>").<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> The first translation of a Sherlock Holmes story into a Chinese variety was done by Chinese Progress in 1896. That publication rendered the name as 呵爾唔斯, which would be 呵尔唔斯 in <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified Chinese">Simplified Chinese</a> and Hē'ěrwúsī in <a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Standard Mandarin">Modern Standard Mandarin</a>. Shanghai Civilization Books later issued versions rendering Holmes's name differently, as 福爾摩斯 in Traditional Chinese, which would be 福尔摩斯 in Simplified Chinese and Fú'ěrmósī in Modern Standard Mandarin; this version became the common way of rendering "Holmes" in Chinese languages.<a href="#cite_note-HanJingSHINE-206">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_and_derivative_writings">Related and derivative writings</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_pastiches" title="Sherlock Holmes pastiches">Sherlock Holmes pastiches</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_authors_of_new_Sherlock_Holmes_stories" title="List of authors of new Sherlock Holmes stories">List of authors of new Sherlock Holmes stories</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milverton_by_Sidney_Paget_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Painting of a woman shooting a man in a room" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milverton_by_Sidney_Paget_5.jpg/170px-The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milverton_by_Sidney_Paget_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milverton_by_Sidney_Paget_5.jpg/255px-The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milverton_by_Sidney_Paget_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milverton_by_Sidney_Paget_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="365" /></a><figcaption>1904 <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Paget" title="Sidney Paget">Sidney Paget</a> illustration of "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton"</figcaption></figure> In addition to the <a href="/wiki/Canon_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Canon of Sherlock Holmes">Holmes canon</a>, Conan Doyle's 1898 "<a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Special" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lost Special">The Lost Special</a>" features an unnamed "amateur reasoner" intended to be identified as Holmes by his readers. The author's explanation of a baffling disappearance argued in Holmesian style poked fun at his own creation. Similar Conan Doyle short stories are "<a href="/wiki/The_Field_Bazaar" title="The Field Bazaar">The Field Bazaar</a>", "The Man with the Watches", and 1924's "<a href="/wiki/How_Watson_Learned_the_Trick" title="How Watson Learned the Trick">How Watson Learned the Trick</a>", a <a href="/wiki/Parody" title="Parody">parody</a> of the Watson–Holmes breakfast-table scenes. The author wrote other material featuring Holmes, especially plays: 1899's <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(play)" title="Sherlock Holmes (play)">Sherlock Holmes</a> (with <a href="/wiki/William_Gillette" title="William Gillette">William Gillette</a>), 1910's <a href="/wiki/The_Speckled_Band_(play)" title="The Speckled Band (play)">The Speckled Band</a>, and 1921's The Crown Diamond (the basis for "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Mazarin_Stone" title="The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone">The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone</a>").<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a> These non-canonical works have been collected in several works released since Conan Doyle's death.<a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> In terms of writers other than Conan Doyle, authors as diverse as <a href="/wiki/Agatha_Christie" title="Agatha Christie">Agatha Christie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Burgess" title="Anthony Burgess">Anthony Burgess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_B._Hughes" title="Dorothy B. Hughes">Dorothy B. Hughes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanith_Lee" title="Tanith Lee">Tanith Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/A._A._Milne" title="A. A. Milne">A. A. Milne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/P._G._Wodehouse" title="P. G. Wodehouse">P. G. Wodehouse</a> have all written Sherlock Holmes <a href="/wiki/Pastiches" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastiches">pastiches</a>. Contemporary with Conan Doyle, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Leblanc" title="Maurice Leblanc">Maurice Leblanc</a> directly featured Holmes in his popular series about the <a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">gentleman thief</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin" title="Arsène Lupin">Arsène Lupin</a>, though legal objections from Conan Doyle forced Leblanc to modify the name to "Herlock Sholmes" in reprints and <a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin_versus_Herlock_Sholmes" title="Arsène Lupin versus Herlock Sholmes">later stories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> In 1944, American mystery writers Frederic Dannay and Manfred B. Lee (writing under their joint pseudonym <a href="/wiki/Ellery_Queen" title="Ellery Queen">Ellery Queen</a>) published <a href="/wiki/The_Misadventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Misadventures of Sherlock Holmes">The Misadventures of Sherlock Holmes</a>, a collection of thirty-three pastiches written by various well-known authors.<a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> Mystery writer <a href="/wiki/John_Dickson_Carr" title="John Dickson Carr">John Dickson Carr</a> collaborated with Arthur Conan Doyle's son, <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Conan_Doyle" title="Adrian Conan Doyle">Adrian Conan Doyle</a>, on <a href="/wiki/The_Exploits_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes">The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes</a>, a pastiche collection from 1954.<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Horowitz" title="Anthony Horowitz">Anthony Horowitz</a> published a Sherlock Holmes novel, <a href="/wiki/The_House_of_Silk" title="The House of Silk">The House of Silk</a>, presented as a continuation of Conan Doyle's work and with the approval of the Conan Doyle estate;<a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a> a follow-up, <a href="/wiki/Moriarty_(novel)" title="Moriarty (novel)">Moriarty</a>, appeared in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> The "MX Book of New Sherlock Holmes Stories" series of pastiches, edited by David Marcum and published by MX Publishing, has reached over forty volumes and features hundreds of stories echoing the original canon which were compiled for the restoration of <a href="/wiki/Undershaw" title="Undershaw">Undershaw</a> and the support of Stepping Stones School, now housed in it.<a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> Some authors have written tales centred on characters from the canon other than Holmes. Anthologies edited by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kurland" title="Michael Kurland">Michael Kurland</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Mann_(writer)" title="George Mann (writer)">George Mann</a> are entirely devoted to stories told from the perspective of characters other than Holmes and Watson. <a href="/wiki/John_Gardner_(British_writer)" title="John Gardner (British writer)">John Gardner</a>, Michael Kurland, and <a href="/wiki/Kim_Newman" title="Kim Newman">Kim Newman</a>, amongst many others, have all written tales in which Holmes's nemesis <a href="/wiki/Professor_Moriarty" title="Professor Moriarty">Professor Moriarty</a> is the main character. <a href="/wiki/Mycroft_Holmes" title="Mycroft Holmes">Mycroft Holmes</a> has been the subject of several efforts: Enter the Lion by <a href="/wiki/Michael_P._Hodel" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael P. Hodel">Michael P. Hodel</a> and Sean M. Wright (1979),<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> a four-book series by <a href="/wiki/Quinn_Fawcett" title="Quinn Fawcett">Quinn Fawcett</a>,<a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a> and 2015's <a href="/wiki/Mycroft_Holmes_(novel)" title="Mycroft Holmes (novel)">Mycroft Holmes</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar" title="Kareem Abdul-Jabbar">Kareem Abdul-Jabbar</a> and Anna Waterhouse.<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> <a href="/wiki/M._J._Trow" title="M. J. Trow">M. J. Trow</a> has written a series of seventeen books using <a href="/wiki/Inspector_Lestrade" title="Inspector Lestrade">Inspector Lestrade</a> as the central character, beginning with The Adventures of Inspector Lestrade in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> <a href="/wiki/Carole_Nelson_Douglas" title="Carole Nelson Douglas">Carole Nelson Douglas</a>' Irene Adler series is based on "the woman" from "A Scandal in Bohemia", with the first book (1990's Good Night, Mr. Holmes) retelling that story from Adler's point of view.<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Davies_(writer)" title="Martin Davies (writer)">Martin Davies</a> has written three novels where Baker Street housekeeper <a href="/wiki/Mrs._Hudson" title="Mrs. Hudson">Mrs. Hudson</a> is the protagonist.<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> In 1980's <a href="/wiki/The_Name_of_the_Rose" title="The Name of the Rose">The Name of the Rose</a>, Italian author <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Umberto Eco</a> creates a Sherlock Holmes of the 1320s in the form of a Franciscan friar and main protagonist named Brother <a href="/wiki/William_of_Baskerville" title="William of Baskerville">William of Baskerville</a>, his name a clear reference to Holmes per <a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-haft-223">[222]</a> Brother William investigates a series of murders in the abbey alongside his novice Adso of Melk, who acts as his <a href="/wiki/Dr._Watson" title="Dr. Watson">Dr. Watson</a>. Furthermore, Umberto Eco's description of Brother William bears marked similarities in both physique and personality to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's description of Sherlock Holmes in <a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet" title="A Study in Scarlet">A Study in Scarlet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a> <a href="/wiki/Laurie_R._King" title="Laurie R. King">Laurie R. King</a> recreated Holmes in her <a href="/wiki/Mary_Russell_(character)" title="Mary Russell (character)">Mary Russell</a> series (beginning with 1994's <a href="/wiki/The_Beekeeper%27s_Apprentice" title="The Beekeeper's Apprentice">The Beekeeper's Apprentice</a>), set during the First World War and the 1920s. Her Holmes, semi-retired in Sussex, meets a teenage American girl. Recognising a kindred spirit, he trains her as his apprentice and subsequently marries her. As of 2024, the series includes eighteen base novels and additional writings.<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Final_Solution_(novel)" title="The Final Solution (novel)">The Final Solution</a>, a 2004 novella by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Chabon" title="Michael Chabon">Michael Chabon</a>, concerns an unnamed but long-retired detective interested in <a href="/wiki/Beekeeping" title="Beekeeping">beekeeping</a> who tackles the case of a missing parrot belonging to a Jewish refugee boy.<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mitch_Cullin" title="Mitch Cullin">Mitch Cullin</a>'s novel <a href="/wiki/A_Slight_Trick_of_the_Mind" title="A Slight Trick of the Mind">A Slight Trick of the Mind</a> (2005) takes place two years after the end of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> and explores an old and frail Sherlock Holmes (now 93) as he comes to terms with a life spent in emotionless logic;<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> this was also adapted into a film, 2015's <a href="/wiki/Mr._Holmes" title="Mr. Holmes">Mr. Holmes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a> There have been many scholarly works dealing with Sherlock Holmes, some working within the bounds of the Great Game, and some written from the perspective that Holmes is a fictional character. In particular, there have been three major annotated editions of the complete series. The first was William Baring-Gould's 1967 The Annotated Sherlock Holmes. This two-volume set was ordered to fit Baring-Gould's preferred chronology, and was written from a Great Game perspective. The second was 1993's The Oxford Sherlock Holmes (general editor: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Dudley_Edwards" title="Owen Dudley Edwards">Owen Dudley Edwards</a>), a nine-volume set written in a straight scholarly manner. The most recent is <a href="/wiki/Leslie_S._Klinger" title="Leslie S. Klinger">Leslie Klinger's</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_Annotated_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes">The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes</a> (2004–05), a three-volume set that returns to a Great Game perspective.<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adaptations_in_other_media">Adaptations in other media</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes">Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_who_have_played_Sherlock_Holmes" title="List of actors who have played Sherlock Holmes">List of actors who have played Sherlock Holmes</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Frohman_presents_William_Gillette_in_his_new_four_act_drama,_Sherlock_Holmes_(LOC_var_1364)_(edit).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Painting of a seated man, lighting a cigar and looking intently to the side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Charles_Frohman_presents_William_Gillette_in_his_new_four_act_drama%2C_Sherlock_Holmes_%28LOC_var_1364%29_%28edit%29.jpg/170px-Charles_Frohman_presents_William_Gillette_in_his_new_four_act_drama%2C_Sherlock_Holmes_%28LOC_var_1364%29_%28edit%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Charles_Frohman_presents_William_Gillette_in_his_new_four_act_drama%2C_Sherlock_Holmes_%28LOC_var_1364%29_%28edit%29.jpg/255px-Charles_Frohman_presents_William_Gillette_in_his_new_four_act_drama%2C_Sherlock_Holmes_%28LOC_var_1364%29_%28edit%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Charles_Frohman_presents_William_Gillette_in_his_new_four_act_drama%2C_Sherlock_Holmes_%28LOC_var_1364%29_%28edit%29.jpg/340px-Charles_Frohman_presents_William_Gillette_in_his_new_four_act_drama%2C_Sherlock_Holmes_%28LOC_var_1364%29_%28edit%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2630" /></a><figcaption>Poster for the 1899 play <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(play)" title="Sherlock Holmes (play)">Sherlock Holmes</a> by Conan Doyle and actor William Gillette</figcaption></figure> In 2012, <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> listed Holmes as the most portrayed literary human character in film and television history, with more than 75 actors playing the part in over 250 productions.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[3]</a> The 1899 play <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(play)" title="Sherlock Holmes (play)">Sherlock Holmes</a>, by Conan Doyle and <a href="/wiki/William_Gillette" title="William Gillette">William Gillette</a>, was a synthesis of several Conan Doyle stories. In addition to its popularity, the play is significant because it, rather than the original stories, introduced one of the key visual qualities commonly associated with Holmes today: his <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_pipe#Calabash" title="Tobacco pipe">calabash pipe</a>;<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> the play also formed the basis for Gillette's 1916 film, <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1916_film)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1916 film)">Sherlock Holmes</a>. Gillette performed as Holmes some 1,300 times. In the early 1900s, <a href="/wiki/H._A._Saintsbury" class="mw-redirect" title="H. A. Saintsbury">H. A. Saintsbury</a> took over the role from Gillette for a tour of the play. Between this play and Conan Doyle's own stage adaptation of "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Speckled_Band" title="The Adventure of the Speckled Band">The Adventure of the Speckled Band</a>", Saintsbury portrayed Holmes over 1,000 times.<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rathbone_as_Holmes_-_F%26R.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Rathbone_as_Holmes_-_F%26R.png/170px-Rathbone_as_Holmes_-_F%26R.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Rathbone_as_Holmes_-_F%26R.png/255px-Rathbone_as_Holmes_-_F%26R.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Rathbone_as_Holmes_-_F%26R.png/340px-Rathbone_as_Holmes_-_F%26R.png 2x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="1059" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Basil_Rathbone" title="Basil Rathbone">Basil Rathbone</a> as Holmes</figcaption></figure>Holmes's first screen appearance was in the 1900 <a href="/wiki/Mutoscope" title="Mutoscope">Mutoscope</a> film, <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Baffled" title="Sherlock Holmes Baffled">Sherlock Holmes Baffled</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tuska-233">[232]</a> From 1921 to 1923, <a href="/wiki/Eille_Norwood" title="Eille Norwood">Eille Norwood</a> played Holmes in <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(Stoll_film_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (Stoll film series)">forty-seven silent films</a> (45 shorts and two features), in a series of performances that Conan Doyle spoke highly of.<a href="#cite_note-:2-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a> 1929's <a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Sherlock_Holmes_(1929_film)" title="The Return of Sherlock Holmes (1929 film)">The Return of Sherlock Holmes</a> was the first sound title to feature Holmes.<a href="#cite_note-sherlockiana1-235">[234]</a> From 1939 to 1946, <a href="/wiki/Basil_Rathbone" title="Basil Rathbone">Basil Rathbone</a> played Holmes and <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Bruce" title="Nigel Bruce">Nigel Bruce</a> played Watson in <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1939_film_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1939 film series)">fourteen U.S. films</a> (two for <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> and a dozen for <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>) and in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes">The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a> radio show. While the Fox films were period pieces, the Universal films abandoned Victorian Britain and moved to a then-contemporary setting in which Holmes occasionally battled <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:245px;max-width:245px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:121px;max-width:121px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeremy_Brett.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b0/Jeremy_Brett.jpg/119px-Jeremy_Brett.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b0/Jeremy_Brett.jpg/179px-Jeremy_Brett.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b0/Jeremy_Brett.jpg/238px-Jeremy_Brett.jpg 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="314" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:120px;max-width:120px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Benedict_Cumberbatch_filming_Sherlock_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Benedict_Cumberbatch_filming_Sherlock_cropped.jpg/118px-Benedict_Cumberbatch_filming_Sherlock_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Benedict_Cumberbatch_filming_Sherlock_cropped.jpg/177px-Benedict_Cumberbatch_filming_Sherlock_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Benedict_Cumberbatch_filming_Sherlock_cropped.jpg/236px-Benedict_Cumberbatch_filming_Sherlock_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="510" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Holmes in two television adaptations: L–R: <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Brett" title="Jeremy Brett">Jeremy Brett</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1984_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series)">Sherlock Holmes</a> (1984) and <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Cumberbatch" title="Benedict Cumberbatch">Benedict Cumberbatch</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_(TV_series)" title="Sherlock (TV series)">Sherlock</a> (2010)</div></div></div></div>The character has also enjoyed numerous radio adaptations, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Edith_Meiser" title="Edith Meiser">Edith Meiser</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes_(radio_series)" title="The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (radio series)">The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> which ran from 1930 to 1936. Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce continued with their roles for most of the run of <a href="/wiki/The_New_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes">The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a>, airing from 1939 to 1950. <a href="/wiki/Bert_Coules" title="Bert Coules">Bert Coules</a>, having dramatised <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1989_radio_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1989 radio series)">the entire Holmes canon</a> for <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio Four</a> from 1989 to 1998,<a href="#cite_note-interview-238">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> penned <a href="/wiki/The_Further_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes">The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a> between 2002 and 2010. This pastiche series also aired on Radio Four and starred <a href="/wiki/Clive_Merrison" title="Clive Merrison">Clive Merrison</a> as Holmes and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Williams_(actor)" title="Michael Williams (actor)">Michael Williams</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sachs" title="Andrew Sachs">Andrew Sachs</a> as Watson.<a href="#cite_note-interview-238">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherlock_Holmes_figure_at_Madame_Tussauds_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sherlock_Holmes_figure_at_Madame_Tussauds_London.jpg/170px-Sherlock_Holmes_figure_at_Madame_Tussauds_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sherlock_Holmes_figure_at_Madame_Tussauds_London.jpg/255px-Sherlock_Holmes_figure_at_Madame_Tussauds_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sherlock_Holmes_figure_at_Madame_Tussauds_London.jpg/340px-Sherlock_Holmes_figure_at_Madame_Tussauds_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Waxwork of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a> as Holmes on display at <a href="/wiki/Madame_Tussauds_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame Tussauds London">Madame Tussauds London</a></figcaption></figure> The 1984–85 Italian/Japanese <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> series <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Hound" title="Sherlock Hound">Sherlock Hound</a> adapted the Holmes stories for children, with its characters being <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">anthropomorphic</a> <a href="/wiki/Dogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogs">dogs</a>. The series was co-directed by <a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a> Between 1979 and 1986, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> studio <a href="/wiki/Lenfilm" title="Lenfilm">Lenfilm</a> produced a series of five television films, <a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes_and_Dr._Watson" title="The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson">The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson</a>. The series were split into eleven episodes and starred <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Livanov" title="Vasily Livanov">Vasily Livanov</a> as Holmes and <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Solomin" title="Vitaly Solomin">Vitaly Solomin</a> as Watson. For his performance, in 2006 Livanov was appointed an Honorary Member of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Brett" title="Jeremy Brett">Jeremy Brett</a> played the detective in <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1984_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series)">Sherlock Holmes</a> for <a href="/wiki/Granada_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Granada Television">Granada Television</a> from 1984 to 1994. Watson was played by <a href="/wiki/David_Burke_(British_actor)" title="David Burke (British actor)">David Burke</a> (in the first two series) and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hardwicke" title="Edward Hardwicke">Edward Hardwicke</a> (in the remainder).<a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a> Brett and Hardwicke also appeared on stage in 1988–89 in The Secret of Sherlock Holmes, directed by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Garland" title="Patrick Garland">Patrick Garland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a> In the 2004–2012 <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>'s show <a href="/wiki/House_(TV_series)" title="House (TV series)">House</a>, the titular character <a href="/wiki/Gregory_House" title="Gregory House">Gregory House</a> is an adaptation of Sherlock Holmes in a medical drama setting. The two characters share <a href="/wiki/Gregory_House#Parallels_to_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Gregory House">many parallels</a> and House's name is a play on Holmes' one.<a href="#cite_note-Holmes-246">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-House-Holmes-247">[246]</a> The 2009 film <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(2009_film)" title="Sherlock Holmes (2009 film)">Sherlock Holmes</a> earned <a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a> a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Award</a> for his portrayal of Holmes and co-starred <a href="/wiki/Jude_Law" title="Jude Law">Jude Law</a> as Watson.<a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a> Downey and Law returned for a 2011 sequel, <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_A_Game_of_Shadows" title="Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows">Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows</a>. <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Cumberbatch" title="Benedict Cumberbatch">Benedict Cumberbatch</a> plays a modern version of the detective and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Freeman" title="Martin Freeman">Martin Freeman</a> as a modern version of John Watson in the <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> TV series <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_(TV_series)" title="Sherlock (TV series)">Sherlock</a>, which premiered in 2010. In the series, created by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Gatiss" title="Mark Gatiss">Mark Gatiss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steven_Moffat" title="Steven Moffat">Steven Moffat</a>, the stories' original <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> setting is replaced by present-day London, with Watson a veteran of the modern <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-249">[248]</a> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Elementary_(TV_series)" title="Elementary (TV series)">Elementary</a> premiered on <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> in 2012 and ran for seven seasons until 2019. Set in contemporary <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, the series stars <a href="/wiki/Jonny_Lee_Miller" title="Jonny Lee Miller">Jonny Lee Miller</a> as Sherlock Holmes and <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Liu" title="Lucy Liu">Lucy Liu</a> as a female Dr. Joan Watson.<a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a> The series was filmed primarily in New York City, and, by the end of season two, Miller became the actor who had portrayed Sherlock Holmes the most in television and/or film.<a href="#cite_note-251">[250]</a> The 2015 film <a href="/wiki/Mr._Holmes" title="Mr. Holmes">Mr. Holmes</a> starred <a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> as a retired Sherlock Holmes living in Sussex, in 1947, who grapples with an unsolved case involving a beautiful woman. The film is based on <a href="/wiki/Mitch_Cullin" title="Mitch Cullin">Mitch Cullin</a>'s 2005 novel <a href="/wiki/A_Slight_Trick_of_the_Mind" title="A Slight Trick of the Mind">A Slight Trick of the Mind</a>.<a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a> The 2018 television adaptation, <a href="/wiki/Miss_Sherlock" title="Miss Sherlock">Miss Sherlock</a>, was a Japanese-language production and the first adaptation with a woman (portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABko_Takeuchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yūko Takeuchi">Yūko Takeuchi</a>) in the signature role. The episodes were based in modern-day Tokyo, with many references to Conan Doyle's stories.<a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a> Holmes has also appeared in video games, including the <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(video_game_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (video game series)">Sherlock Holmes</a> series of eight main titles. According to the publisher, <a href="/wiki/Frogwares" title="Frogwares">Frogwares</a>, by 2017 the series sold over seven million copies.<a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copyright_issues">Copyright issues</h3></div> The copyright for Conan Doyle's works expired in the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia at the end of 1980, fifty years after Conan Doyle's death.<a href="#cite_note-257">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTcopyright-258">[257]</a> In the United Kingdom, it was revived in 1996 due to <a href="/wiki/Copyright_Duration_Directive" title="Copyright Duration Directive">new provisions</a> harmonising UK law with that of the European Union, and expired again at the end of 2000 (seventy years after Conan Doyle's death).<a href="#cite_note-259">[258]</a> The author's works are now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in those countries.<a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-261">[260]</a> In the United States, all works published before 1923 entered public domain by 1998, but, as ten Holmes stories were published after that date, the Conan Doyle estate maintained that the Holmes and Watson characters as a whole were still under copyright.<a href="#cite_note-NYTcopyright-258">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a> On 14 February 2013, <a href="/wiki/Leslie_S._Klinger" title="Leslie S. Klinger">Leslie S. Klinger</a> (lawyer and editor of The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes) filed a <a href="/wiki/Declaratory_judgement" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaratory judgement">declaratory judgement</a> suit <a href="/wiki/Klinger_v._Conan_Doyle_Estate,_Ltd." title="Klinger v. Conan Doyle Estate, Ltd.">against the Conan Doyle estate</a> asking the court to acknowledge that the characters of Holmes and Watson were public domain in the U.S. The court ruled in Klinger's favour on 23 December, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals</a> affirmed its decision on 16 June 2014. The case was appealed to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a>, which declined to hear the case, letting the appeals court's ruling stand. This resulted in the characters from the Holmes stories being in the public domain in the U.S. The stories still under copyright due to the ruling, as of that time, were those collected in <a href="/wiki/The_Case-Book_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes">The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes</a> other than "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Mazarin_Stone" title="The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone">The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/The_Problem_of_Thor_Bridge" title="The Problem of Thor Bridge">The Problem of Thor Bridge</a>": a total of ten stories.<a href="#cite_note-:7-261">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters_appeal_decision-264">[263]</a> In 2020, although the United States court ruling and the passage of time meant that most of the Holmes stories and characters were in the public domain in that country, the Doyle estate legally challenged the use of Sherlock Holmes in the film <a href="/wiki/Enola_Holmes_(film)" title="Enola Holmes (film)">Enola Holmes</a> in a complaint filed in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-denofgeek.com-265">[264]</a> The Doyle estate alleged that the film depicts Holmes with personality traits that were only exhibited by the character in the stories still under copyright.<a href="#cite_note-266">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a> On 18 December 2020, the lawsuit was <a href="/wiki/Dismissed_with_prejudice" class="mw-redirect" title="Dismissed with prejudice">dismissed with prejudice</a> by <a href="/wiki/Stipulation" title="Stipulation">stipulation</a> of all parties.<a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a> The remaining ten Holmes stories moved out of copyright between 1 January 2019 and 1 January 2023, leaving the stories and characters completely in the public domain in the United States as of the latter date.<a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Canon_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Canon of Sherlock Holmes">Canon of Sherlock Holmes</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novels">Novels</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet" title="A Study in Scarlet">A Study in Scarlet</a> (published November 1887 in <a href="/wiki/Beeton%27s_Christmas_Annual" title="Beeton's Christmas Annual">Beeton's Christmas Annual</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_the_Four" title="The Sign of the Four">The Sign of the Four</a> (published February 1890 in <a href="/wiki/Lippincott%27s_Monthly_Magazine" title="Lippincott's Monthly Magazine">Lippincott's Monthly Magazine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a> (serialised 1901–1902 in <a href="/wiki/The_Strand_Magazine" title="The Strand Magazine">The Strand</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Valley_of_Fear" title="The Valley of Fear">The Valley of Fear</a> (serialised 1914–1915 in The Strand)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short_story_collections">Short story collections</h3></div> The short stories, originally published in magazines, were later collected in five anthologies: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes">The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a> (stories published 1891–1892 in The Strand)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Memoirs_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes">The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes</a> (stories published 1892–1893 in The Strand)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Return of Sherlock Holmes">The Return of Sherlock Holmes</a> (stories published 1903–1904 in The Strand)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/His_Last_Bow" title="His Last Bow">His Last Bow</a>: Some Later Reminiscences of Sherlock Holmes (stories published 1908–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Case-Book_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes">The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes</a> (stories published 1921–1927)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Holmesian_studies" title="List of Holmesian studies">List of Holmesian studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_culture_references_to_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Popular culture references to Sherlock Holmes">Popular culture references to Sherlock Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_fandom" title="Sherlock Holmes fandom">Sherlock Holmes fandom</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> "<a href="/wiki/His_Last_Bow_(short_story)" title="His Last Bow (short story)">His Last Bow: The War Service of Sherlock Holmes</a>" </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sherlock_Holmes_story_references">Sherlock Holmes story references</h2></div> <ul><li>Klinger, Leslie (ed.). The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes, Volume I (New York: W. W. Norton, 2005). <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-05916-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-05916-2">0-393-05916-2</a> ("Klinger I")</li> <li>Klinger, Leslie (ed.). The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes, Volume II (New York: W. W. Norton, 2005). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-05916-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-05916-2">0-393-05916-2</a> ("Klinger II")</li> <li>Klinger, Leslie (ed.). The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes, Volume III (New York: W. W. Norton, 2006). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0393058000" title="Special:BookSources/978-0393058000">978-0393058000</a> ("Klinger III")</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutherland" class="citation web cs1">Sutherland, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170628192901/http://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/arthur-conan-doyle-the-creator-of-sherlock-holmes-the-worlds-most-famous-literary-detective">"Sherlock Holmes, the world's most famous literary detective"</a>. British Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/arthur-conan-doyle-the-creator-of-sherlock-holmes-the-worlds-most-famous-literary-detective">the original</a> on 28 June 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes%2C+the+world%27s+most+famous+literary+detective&rft.pub=British+Library&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fromantics-and-victorians%2Farticles%2Farthur-conan-doyle-the-creator-of-sherlock-holmes-the-worlds-most-famous-literary-detective&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaigh2008" class="citation web cs1">Haigh, Brian (20 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bradford/content/articles/2007/02/27/sherlock_holmes_huddersfield_feature.shtml">"A star comes to Huddersfield!"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125121108/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bradford/content/articles/2007/02/27/sherlock_holmes_huddersfield_feature.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=A+star+comes+to+Huddersfield%21&rft.date=2008-05-20&rft.aulast=Haigh&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbradford%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F2007%2F02%2F27%2Fsherlock_holmes_huddersfield_feature.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2012/5/sherlock-holmes-awarded-title-for-most-portrayed-literary-human-character-in-film-tv-41743/">"Sherlock Holmes awarded title for most portrayed literary human character in film & TV"</a>. Guinness World Records. 14 May 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191210150701/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2012/5/sherlock-holmes-awarded-title-for-most-portrayed-literary-human-character-in-film-tv-41743/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes+awarded+title+for+most+portrayed+literary+human+character+in+film+%26+TV&rft.pub=Guinness+World+Records&rft.date=2012-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guinnessworldrecords.com%2Fnews%2F2012%2F5%2Fsherlock-holmes-awarded-title-for-most-portrayed-literary-human-character-in-film-tv-41743%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRule1989" class="citation web cs1">Rule, Sheila (5 November 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/05/world/sherlock-holmes-s-mail-not-too-mysterious.html">"Sherlock Holmes's Mail: Not Too Mysterious"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160311030721/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/05/world/sherlock-holmes-s-mail-not-too-mysterious.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes%27s+Mail%3A+Not+Too+Mysterious&rft.date=1989-11-05&rft.aulast=Rule&rft.aufirst=Sheila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F11%2F05%2Fworld%2Fsherlock-holmes-s-mail-not-too-mysterious.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2008" class="citation news cs1">Simpson, Aislinn (4 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1577511/Winston-Churchill-didnt-really-exist-say-teens.html">"Winston Churchill didn't really exist, say teens"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1577511/Winston-Churchill-didnt-really-exist-say-teens.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Winston+Churchill+didn%27t+really+exist%2C+say+teens&rft.date=2008-02-04&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=Aislinn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1577511%2FWinston-Churchill-didnt-really-exist-say-teens.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2021" class="citation news cs1">Scott, C. T. (6 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/1843/2021/10/06/the-curious-incident-of-sherlock-holmess-real-life-secretary">"The curious incident of Sherlock Holmes's real-life secretary"</a>. The Economist. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010164947/https://www.economist.com/1843/2021/10/06/the-curious-incident-of-sherlock-holmess-real-life-secretary">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+curious+incident+of+Sherlock+Holmes%27s+real-life+secretary&rft.date=2021-10-06&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=C.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2F1843%2F2021%2F10%2F06%2Fthe-curious-incident-of-sherlock-holmess-real-life-secretary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong2016" class="citation news cs1">Armstrong, Jennifer Keishin (6 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20160106-how-sherlock-holmes-changed-the-world">"How Sherlock Holmes changed the world"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180217093624/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20160106-how-sherlock-holmes-changed-the-world">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2018. Retrieved 20 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+Sherlock+Holmes+changed+the+world&rft.date=2016-01-06&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=Jennifer+Keishin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fculture%2Fstory%2F20160106-how-sherlock-holmes-changed-the-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSova2001" class="citation book cs1">Sova, Dawn B. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/edgarallanpoetoz0000sova/page/162">Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z</a> (Paperback ed.). Checkmark Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/edgarallanpoetoz0000sova/page/162">162–163</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-4161-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-4161-X"><bdi>0-8160-4161-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edgar+Allan+Poe%3A+A+to+Z&rft.pages=162-163&rft.edition=Paperback&rft.pub=Checkmark+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8160-4161-X&rft.aulast=Sova&rft.aufirst=Dawn+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fedgarallanpoetoz0000sova%2Fpage%2F162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnowles2007" class="citation book cs1">Knowles, Christopher (2007). <a href="/wiki/Our_Gods_Wear_Spandex:_The_Secret_History_of_Comic_Book_Heroes" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Gods Wear Spandex: The Secret History of Comic Book Heroes">Our Gods Wear Spandex: The Secret History of Comic Book Heroes</a>. Weiser Books. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57863-406-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57863-406-4"><bdi>978-1-57863-406-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Gods+Wear+Spandex%3A+The+Secret+History+of+Comic+Book+Heroes&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Weiser+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-57863-406-4&rft.aulast=Knowles&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConan_Doyle1993" class="citation book cs1">Conan Doyle, Arthur (1993). Lancelyn Green, Richard (ed.). The Oxford Sherlock Holmes: The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. xv.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Sherlock+Holmes%3A+The+Adventures+of+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=xv&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Conan+Doyle&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSims2017" class="citation web cs1">Sims, Michael (25 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lithub.com/how-sherlock-holmes-got-his-name/">"How Sherlock Holmes Got His Name"</a>. Literary Hub. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210716112159/https://lithub.com/how-sherlock-holmes-got-his-name/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Literary+Hub&rft.atitle=How+Sherlock+Holmes+Got+His+Name&rft.date=2017-01-25&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flithub.com%2Fhow-sherlock-holmes-got-his-name%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Klinger III, pp. 42-44—A Study in Scarlet </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLycett2007" class="citation book cs1">Lycett, Andrew (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manwhocreatedshe00lyce/page/53">The Man Who Created Sherlock Holmes: The Life and Times of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle</a>. Free Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manwhocreatedshe00lyce/page/53">53–54, 190</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-7523-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-7523-1"><bdi>978-0-7432-7523-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Man+Who+Created+Sherlock+Holmes%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+Sir+Arthur+Conan+Doyle&rft.pages=53-54%2C+190&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-7523-1&rft.aulast=Lycett&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmanwhocreatedshe00lyce%2Fpage%2F53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarring-Gould1974" class="citation book cs1">Barring-Gould, William S. (1974). The Annotated Sherlock Holmes. Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-50291-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-50291-7"><bdi>0-517-50291-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annotated+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Clarkson+N.+Potter%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-517-50291-7&rft.aulast=Barring-Gould&rft.aufirst=William+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoyle1961" class="citation book cs1">Doyle, A. Conan (1961). The Boys' Sherlock Holmes, New & Enlarged Edition. Harper & Row. p. 88.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Boys%27+Sherlock+Holmes%2C+New+%26+Enlarged+Edition&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=A.+Conan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCauvain2006" class="citation book cs1">Cauvain, Henry (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dAhVcqVyDeAC&pg=PA3">Peter D. O'Neill, foreword to Maximilien Heller</a>. Glen Segell Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781901414301" title="Special:BookSources/9781901414301"><bdi>9781901414301</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240219042323/https://books.google.com/books?id=dAhVcqVyDeAC&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peter+D.+O%27Neill%2C+foreword+to+Maximilien+Heller&rft.pub=Glen+Segell+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781901414301&rft.aulast=Cauvain&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdAhVcqVyDeAC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.es/cultura/20150223/abci-polemica-sobre-sherlock-holmes-201502211944.html">"¿Fue Sherlock Holmes un plagio?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_(newspaper)" title="ABC (newspaper)">ABC</a>. 22 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033314/http://www.abc.es/cultura/20150223/abci-polemica-sobre-sherlock-holmes-201502211944.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC&rft.atitle=%C2%BFFue+Sherlock+Holmes+un+plagio%3F&rft.date=2015-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.es%2Fcultura%2F20150223%2Fabci-polemica-sobre-sherlock-holmes-201502211944.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181103230818/http://tesi.cab.unipd.it/46778/1/TESI_COMPLETA_UNIPD.pdf">"Maximilien Holmes. How Intertextuality Influences Translation, by Sandro Maria Perna, Università degli Studi di Padova 2013/14"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tesi.cab.unipd.it/46778/1/TESI_COMPLETA_UNIPD.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maximilien+Holmes.+How+Intertextuality+Influences+Translation%2C+by+Sandro+Maria+Perna%2C+Universit%C3%A0+degli+Studi+di+Padova+2013%2F14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftesi.cab.unipd.it%2F46778%2F1%2FTESI_COMPLETA_UNIPD.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=France">"France"</a>. The Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180623005023/https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=France">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Arthur+Conan+Doyle+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=France&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arthur-conan-doyle.com%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DFrance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Klinger II, p. 1432—"<a href="/wiki/His_Last_Bow_(short_story)" title="His Last Bow (short story)">His Last Bow</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Klinger I, pp. 637-639—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Greek_Interpreter" title="The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter">The Greek Interpreter</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuigley" class="citation web cs1">Quigley, Michael J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arthurconandoyle.co.uk/character/mycroft-holmes">"Mycroft Holmes"</a>. The Official Conan Doyle Estate Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191227073317/https://arthurconandoyle.co.uk/character/mycroft-holmes">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Official+Conan+Doyle+Estate+Ltd.&rft.atitle=Mycroft+Holmes&rft.aulast=Quigley&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farthurconandoyle.co.uk%2Fcharacter%2Fmycroft-holmes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Klinger I, pp. 529-531—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Musgrave_Ritual" title="The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual">The Musgrave Ritual</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Klinger I, pp. 501-502—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Gloria_Scott" title="The Adventure of the Gloria Scott">The Gloria Scott</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Klinger III, pp. 17-18, 28—A Study in Scarlet </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirkby" class="citation web cs1">Birkby, Michelle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arthurconandoyle.co.uk/character/mrs-hudson">"Mrs Hudson"</a>. The Official Conan Doyle Estate Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191227073313/https://arthurconandoyle.co.uk/character/mrs-hudson">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Official+Conan+Doyle+Estate+Ltd.&rft.atitle=Mrs+Hudson&rft.aulast=Birkby&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farthurconandoyle.co.uk%2Fcharacter%2Fmrs-hudson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Klinger II, pp. 1692, 1705-1706—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Veiled_Lodger" title="The Adventure of the Veiled Lodger">The Adventure of the Veiled Lodger</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Klinger III, p. 217—The Sign of Four </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Klinger II, pp. 1482-1483—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Blanched_Soldier" title="The Adventure of the Blanched Soldier">The Blanched Soldier</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_31-1">b</a> Klinger II, p. 1598—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Three_Garridebs" title="The Adventure of the Three Garridebs">The Adventure of the Three Garridebs</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Reigate_Squire" title="The Adventure of the Reigate Squire">The Reigate Squires</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Illustrious_Client" title="The Adventure of the Illustrious Client">The Adventure of the Illustrious Client</a>" are two examples. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> "The Reigate Squires" </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Klinger II, p. 976—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Black_Peter" title="The Adventure of Black Peter">The Adventure of Black Peter</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Klinger I, pp. 561-562—"The Reigate Squires" </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Klinger II, pp. 1190-1191, 1222-1225—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Second_Stain" title="The Adventure of the Second Stain">The Adventure of the Second Stain</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-Klinger_I_pp._15-16-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_I_pp._15-16_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_I_pp._15-16_37-1">b</a> Klinger I, pp. 15-16—"A Scandal in Bohemia" </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Klinger II, p. 1092—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Golden_Pince-Nez" title="The Adventure of the Golden Pince-Nez">The Adventure of the Golden Pince-Nez</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Klinger I, p. 299—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Noble_Bachelor" title="The Adventure of the Noble Bachelor">The Adventure of the Noble Bachelor</a>"—there was no such position in existence at the time of the story. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> The Hound of the Baskervilles (Klinger III p. 409) and "The Adventure of Black Peter" (Klinger II p. 977) </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Bruce-Partington_Plans" title="The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans">The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans</a>", "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Naval_Treaty" title="The Adventure of the Naval Treaty">The Naval Treaty</a>", and after retirement, "<a href="/wiki/His_Last_Bow_(story)" class="mw-redirect" title="His Last Bow (story)">His Last Bow</a>". </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Klinger II, p. 1581—"The Adventure of the Three Garridebs" </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> In "The Naval Treaty" (Klinger I p. 691), Holmes remarks that, of his last fifty-three cases, the police have had all the credit in forty-nine. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh" class="citation web cs1">Walsh, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arthurconandoyle.co.uk/character/professor-james-moriarty">"Professor James Moriarty"</a>. The Official Conan Doyle Estate Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191227073317/https://arthurconandoyle.co.uk/character/professor-james-moriarty">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Official+Conan+Doyle+Estate+Ltd.&rft.atitle=Professor+James+Moriarty&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farthurconandoyle.co.uk%2Fcharacter%2Fprofessor-james-moriarty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Klinger II, p. 1448—The Case-book of Sherlock Holmes </li> <li id="cite_note-Hounding-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hounding_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hounding_46-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/the-hounding-of-arthur-conan-doyle-1.323267">"The hounding of Arthur Conan Doyle"</a>. The Irish News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128002254/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/the-hounding-of-arthur-conan-doyle-1.323267">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+News&rft.atitle=The+hounding+of+Arthur+Conan+Doyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-hounding-of-arthur-conan-doyle-1.323267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalamai2013" class="citation web cs1">Calamai, Peter (22 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bakerstreetjournal.com/armbands.html">"A Reader Challenge & Prize"</a>. The Baker Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170527161708/http://www.bakerstreetjournal.com/armbands.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Baker+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Reader+Challenge+%26+Prize&rft.date=2013-05-22&rft.aulast=Calamai&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bakerstreetjournal.com%2Farmbands.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Klinger I, pp. 791-794—"The Adventure of the Empty House" </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Klinger II, pp. 815-822 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiggs2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ransom_Riggs" title="Ransom Riggs">Riggs, Ransom</a> (2009). The Sherlock Holmes Handbook. The methods and mysteries of the world's greatest detective. Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/Quirk_Books" title="Quirk Books">Quirk Books</a>. pp. 115–118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59474-429-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59474-429-7"><bdi>978-1-59474-429-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sherlock+Holmes+Handbook.+The+methods+and+mysteries+of+the+world%27s+greatest+detective&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=115-118&rft.pub=Quirk+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-59474-429-7&rft.aulast=Riggs&rft.aufirst=Ransom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Klinger II, pp. 1229, 1437, 1440—His Last Bow </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Klinger II, p. 1189—"The Adventure of the Second Stain" </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Klinger II, p. 1667—"The Adventure of the Lion's Mane" </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Klinger I, p. 265—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Engineer%27s_Thumb" title="The Adventure of the Engineer's Thumb">The Adventure of the Engineer's Thumb</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Klinger III, p. 550—The Hound of the Baskervilles </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Klinger I, pp. 528-529—"The Musgrave Ritual" </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Klinger III, p. 481—The Hound of the Baskervilles </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDK2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/DK_(publisher)" title="DK (publisher)">DK</a> (12 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-9LgDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT564">The Sherlock Holmes Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained</a>. United Kingdom: Penguin. p. 564. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4654-9944-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4654-9944-8"><bdi>978-1-4654-9944-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sherlock+Holmes+Book%3A+Big+Ideas+Simply+Explained&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=564&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2019-11-12&rft.isbn=978-1-4654-9944-8&rft.au=DK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-9LgDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT564&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> "A Scandal in Bohemia", "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milverton" title="The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton">The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Illustrious_Client" title="The Adventure of the Illustrious Client">The Adventure of the Illustrious Client</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-Klinger_I_p._502-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_I_p._502_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_I_p._502_60-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_I_p._502_60-2">c</a> Klinger I, p. 502—"The Gloria Scott" </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Klinger II, p. 848—"The Adventure of the Norwood Builder" </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Klinger II, p. 1513—"The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone" </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Klinger III, pp. 34-36—A Study in Scarlet </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> Klinger II, pp. 1296-1297—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Red_Circle" title="The Adventure of the Red Circle">The Adventure of the Red Circle</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Klinger I, p. 58—"The Red-Headed League" </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Klinger III, pp. 213-214—The Sign of Four </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiniejko2013" class="citation web cs1">Diniejko, Andrzej (13 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/doyle/addiction.html">"Sherlock Holmes's Addictions"</a>. The Victorian Web. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191227043831/http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/doyle/addiction.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Victorian+Web&rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes%27s+Addictions&rft.date=2013-12-13&rft.aulast=Diniejko&rft.aufirst=Andrzej&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victorianweb.org%2Fauthors%2Fdoyle%2Faddiction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiniejko2002" class="citation web cs1">Diniejko, Andrzej (7 September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianweb.org/victorian/science/addiction/addiction2.html">"Victorian Drug Use"</a>. The Victorian Web. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200202222702/http://www.victorianweb.org/victorian/science/addiction/addiction2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Victorian+Web&rft.atitle=Victorian+Drug+Use&rft.date=2002-09-07&rft.aulast=Diniejko&rft.aufirst=Andrzej&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victorianweb.org%2Fvictorian%2Fscience%2Faddiction%2Faddiction2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalby,_J._T.1991" class="citation journal cs1">Dalby, J. T. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bakerstreetdozen.com/coca.html">"Sherlock Holmes's Cocaine Habit"</a>. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine. 8: 73–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0790966700016475">10.1017/S0790966700016475</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2051-6967">2051-6967</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142678530">142678530</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716225106/http://www.bakerstreetdozen.com/coca.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 24 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Journal+of+Psychological+Medicine&rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes%27s+Cocaine+Habit&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=73-74&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A142678530%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2051-6967&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0790966700016475&rft.au=Dalby%2C+J.+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbakerstreetdozen.com%2Fcoca.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> Klinger III, pp. 215-216—The Sign of Four </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Klinger II, p. 450—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Yellow_Face" title="The Adventure of the Yellow Face">The Yellow Face</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Klinger II, p. 1124—"The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter" </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Klinger III, p. 423—The Hound of the Baskervilles. See also Klinger II, pp. 950, 1108-1109. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> Klinger II, p. 1402—"The Adventure of the Devil's Foot" </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Klinger II, p. 1609—"The Problem of Thor Bridge" </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Klinger II, p. 971—"The Adventure of the Priory School" </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianweb.org/economics/wages2.html">"Wages and Cost of Living in the Victorian Era"</a>. The Victorian Web. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062554/http://www.victorianweb.org/economics/wages2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Victorian+Web&rft.atitle=Wages+and+Cost+of+Living+in+the+Victorian+Era&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victorianweb.org%2Feconomics%2Fwages2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Klinger II, p. 976—"The Adventure of Black Peter" </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiebow1982" class="citation book cs1">Liebow, Ely (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i5nb6TywMIQC&pg=PA173">Dr. Joe Bell: Model for Sherlock Holmes</a>. Popular Press. p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780879721985" title="Special:BookSources/9780879721985"><bdi>9780879721985</bdi></a>. Retrieved 17 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dr.+Joe+Bell%3A+Model+for+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Popular+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9780879721985&rft.aulast=Liebow&rft.aufirst=Ely&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di5nb6TywMIQC%26pg%3DPA173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Klinger III, p. 704—The Valley of Fear </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Klinger II, pp. 1203-1204—"The Adventure of the Second Stain" </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Klinger III, p. 311—The Sign of Four </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Klinger II, p. 1676—"The Adventure of the Lion's Mane" </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> Klinger III, p. 378—The Sign of Four </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Klinger II, p. 1422—"The Adventure of the Devil's Foot" </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> Klinger I, p. 635—"The Greek Interpreter" </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> Klinger II, p. 1111—"The Adventure of the Golden Pince-Nez" </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> Klinger II, pp. 1341-1342—"The Adventure of the Dying Detective" </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Klinger II, pp. 1015-1106—"The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton" </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarlson" class="citation web cs1">Karlson, Katherine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arthurconandoyle.co.uk/character/irene-adler">"Irene Adler"</a>. The Official Conan Doyle Estate Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191227073313/https://arthurconandoyle.co.uk/character/irene-adler">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Official+Conan+Doyle+Estate+Ltd.&rft.atitle=Irene+Adler&rft.aulast=Karlson&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farthurconandoyle.co.uk%2Fcharacter%2Firene-adler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> Klinger I, pp. 5-6—"A Scandal in Bohemia" </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Klinger I, pp. 5-40—"A Scandal in Bohemia" </li> <li id="cite_note-Klinger_III_pp._34-35-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_III_pp._34-35_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_III_pp._34-35_93-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_III_pp._34-35_93-2">c</a> Klinger III, pp. 34-35—A Study in Scarlet </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Klinger III, pp. 32-33—A Study in Scarlet </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Klinger III, p. 650—The Valley of Fear </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Klinger II, p. 1689—"The Adventure of the Lion's Mane" </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> Richard Lancelyn Green, "Introduction", The Return of Sherlock Holmes (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993) XXX. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> Klinger III, p. 202—A Study in Scarlet </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Klinger I, p. 100—"A Case of Identity" </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> Klinger IIII, p. 282—The Sign of Four </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Klinger I, p. 73—"The Red-Headed League" </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> Klinger III, p. 570—The Hound of the Baskervilles </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> Klinger III, pp. 1333-1334, 1338-1340—"The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans" </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlinger1999" class="citation web cs1">Klinger, Leslie (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174800/http://webpages.charter.net/lklinger/lassus.htm">"Lost in Lassus: The Missing Monograph"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webpages.charter.net/lklinger/lassus.htm">the original</a> on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lost+in+Lassus%3A+The+Missing+Monograph&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Klinger&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebpages.charter.net%2Flklinger%2Flassus.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> Klinger II, p. 888—"The Adventure of the Dancing Men" </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> Klinger I, p. 33—"A Scandal in Bohemia" </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> Klinger I, p. 216—"The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle" </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKonnikova" class="citation web cs1">Konnikova, Maria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181219211946/http://www.pointofinquiry.org/maria_konnikova_how_to_think_like_sherlock_holmes">"How to Think Like Sherlock Holmes"</a>. Point of Inquiry. Center for Inquiry. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pointofinquiry.org/maria_konnikova_how_to_think_like_sherlock_holmes/">the original</a> on 19 December 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Point+of+Inquiry&rft.atitle=How+to+Think+Like+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.aulast=Konnikova&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pointofinquiry.org%2Fmaria_konnikova_how_to_think_like_sherlock_holmes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> Klinger III, pp. 387-392—The Hound of the Baskervilles </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> Klinger I, pp. 450-453—"The Yellow Face" </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Klinger I, pp. 201-203—"The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle" </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> Klinger I, p. 9—"A Scandal in Bohemia" </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> Klinger III, p. 42—A Study in Scarlet </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> Klinger I, pp. 423-426—"The Cardboard Box" </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> Klinger II, pp. 864-865—"The Adventure of the Dancing Men" </li> <li id="cite_note-Bird-116"><a href="#cite_ref-Bird_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBird2006" class="citation book cs1">Bird, Alexander (27 June 2006). "Abductive Knowledge and Holmesian Inference". In Tamar Szabo Gendler; Hawthorne, John (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yMDWLq2FdrIC">Oxford studies in epistemology</a>. OUP Oxford. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928590-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928590-7"><bdi>978-0-19-928590-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abductive+Knowledge+and+Holmesian+Inference&rft.btitle=Oxford+studies+in+epistemology&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2006-06-27&rft.isbn=978-0-19-928590-7&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyMDWLq2FdrIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSebeokUmiker-Sebeok1984">Sebeok & Umiker-Sebeok 1984</a>, pp. 19–28, esp. p. 22 </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1994" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Jonathan (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hFn1Zx_desIC">Fact and feeling: Baconian science and the nineteenth-century literary imagination</a>. Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. 214. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-14354-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-14354-1"><bdi>978-0-299-14354-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240219042335/https://books.google.com/books?id=hFn1Zx_desIC">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fact+and+feeling%3A+Baconian+science+and+the+nineteenth-century+literary+imagination&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=Univ+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-299-14354-1&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhFn1Zx_desIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> Klinger III, p. 40—A Study in Scarlet </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett" class="citation web cs1">Bennett, Bo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.logicallyfallacious.com/logicalfallacies/Pseudo-Logical-Fallacies">"Pseudo-Logical Fallacies"</a>. Logicallyfallacious.com. Logically Fallacious. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200731172256/https://www.logicallyfallacious.com/logicalfallacies/Pseudo-Logical-Fallacies">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Logicallyfallacious.com&rft.atitle=Pseudo-Logical+Fallacies&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Bo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.logicallyfallacious.com%2Flogicalfallacies%2FPseudo-Logical-Fallacies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> Klinger I, pp. 449-471—"The Yellow Face" </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sherlock-Holmes-Pioneer-in-Forensic-Science-1976713">"Sherlock Holmes: Pioneer in Forensic Science"</a>. Encyclopaedia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191220224925/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sherlock-Holmes-Pioneer-in-Forensic-Science-1976713">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes%3A+Pioneer+in+Forensic+Science&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FSherlock-Holmes-Pioneer-in-Forensic-Science-1976713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_123-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnyder2004" class="citation journal cs1">Snyder, Laura J. (2004). "Sherlock Holmes: scientific detective". Endeavour. 28 (3): 104–108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.endeavour.2004.07.007">10.1016/j.endeavour.2004.07.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15350761">15350761</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endeavour&rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes%3A+scientific+detective&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=104-108&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.endeavour.2004.07.007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15350761&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Laura+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> A Study in Scarlet, "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Silver_Blaze" title="The Adventure of Silver Blaze">The Adventure of Silver Blaze</a>", "The Adventure of the Priory School", The Hound of the Baskervilles, "<a href="/wiki/The_Boscombe_Valley_Mystery" title="The Boscombe Valley Mystery">The Boscombe Valley Mystery</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Resident_Patient" title="The Adventure of the Resident Patient">The Adventure of the Resident Patient</a>", The Hound of the Baskervilles </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Reigate_Squire" title="The Adventure of the Reigate Squire">The Reigate Squires</a>", "The Man with the Twisted Lip" </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Klinger I, pp. 99-100—"A Case of Identity" </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> Klinger I, p. 578—"The Reigate Squires" </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> Klinger I, pp. 438-439—"The Cardboard Box" </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> Klinger I, p. 670—"The Naval Treaty" </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Klinger II, p. 814—"The Adventure of the Empty House" </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> Klinger II, pp. 860-863 </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz2022" class="citation web cs1">Schwartz, Roy (20 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/20/opinions/sherlock-holmes-father-of-modern-forensic-science-schwartz/index.html">"Opinion: The fictional character who changed the science of solving crime"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220521182548/https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/20/opinions/sherlock-holmes-father-of-modern-forensic-science-schwartz/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+The+fictional+character+who+changed+the+science+of+solving+crime&rft.date=2022-05-20&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F05%2F20%2Fopinions%2Fsherlock-holmes-father-of-modern-forensic-science-schwartz%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Klinger I, p. 30—"A Scandal in Bohemia" </li> <li id="cite_note-:254-135"><a href="#cite_ref-:254_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchurr2021" class="citation web cs1">Schurr, Maria (15 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popmatters.com/guy-mankowski-albions-secret-history">"Hauntings, Dystopia and the English Outsider in Albion's Secret History"</a>. Pop Matters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210730162312/https://www.popmatters.com/guy-mankowski-albions-secret-history">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pop+Matters&rft.atitle=Hauntings%2C+Dystopia+and+the+English+Outsider+in+Albion%27s+Secret+History&rft.date=2021-03-15&rft.aulast=Schurr&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.popmatters.com%2Fguy-mankowski-albions-secret-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> Klinger II, p. 1545—"The Adventure of the Three Gables" </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> Klinger II, p. 1456—"The Adventure of the Illustrious Client" </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> Klinger III, p. 305—The Sign of Four. These "street Arabs" also appear briefly in A Study in Scarlet and "The Adventure of the Crooked Man". </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerritt" class="citation web cs1">Merritt, Russell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arthurconandoyle.co.uk/character/the-baker-street-irregulars-and-billy-the-page">"The Baker Street Irregulars and Billy The Page"</a>. The Official Conan Doyle Estate Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191227071330/https://arthurconandoyle.co.uk/character/the-baker-street-irregulars-and-billy-the-page">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Official+Conan+Doyle+Estate+Ltd.&rft.atitle=The+Baker+Street+Irregulars+and+Billy+The+Page&rft.aulast=Merritt&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farthurconandoyle.co.uk%2Fcharacter%2Fthe-baker-street-irregulars-and-billy-the-page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guns_&_Ammo-140"><a href="#cite_ref-Guns_&_Ammo_140-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114030405/http://archives.gunsandammo.com/content/guns-sherlock-holmes">"The Guns of Sherlock Holmes"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.gunsandammo.com/content/guns-sherlock-holmes">the original</a> on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Guns+of+Sherlock+Holmes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.gunsandammo.com%2Fcontent%2Fguns-sherlock-holmes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> Klinger III, p. 589—The Hound of the Baskervilles </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> Klinger II, pp. 805-806—"The Adventure of the Empty House" </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> See "<a href="/wiki/The_Red-Headed_League" title="The Red-Headed League">The Red-Headed League</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Illustrious_Client" title="The Adventure of the Illustrious Client">The Adventure of the Illustrious Client</a>". </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> Klinger II, p. 1050—"The Adventure of the Six Napoleons" </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> Klinger I, p. 449—"The Yellow Face" </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> Klinger I, p. 243—"The Adventure of the Speckled Band" </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> Klinger III, pp. 262-263—The Sign of Four </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> Klinger I, pp. 449-450—"The Yellow Face" </li> <li id="cite_note-Klinger_II_p._915-149">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_II_p._915_149-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_II_p._915_149-1">b</a> Klinger II, p. 915—"The Solitary Cyclist" </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> Klinger II, p. 916—"The Solitary Cyclist" </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> Klinger II, p. 791—"The Adventure of the Empty House" </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181130121805/http://www.bartitsu.org/index.php/2010/10/the-mystery-of-baritsu-1958/">"The Mystery of Baritsu"</a>. The Bartitsu Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartitsu.org/index.php/2010/10/the-mystery-of-baritsu-1958/">the original</a> on 30 November 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bartitsu+Society&rft.atitle=The+Mystery+of+Baritsu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartitsu.org%2Findex.php%2F2010%2F10%2Fthe-mystery-of-baritsu-1958%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKathryn_Caroline_Smith2008" class="citation web cs1">Kathryn Caroline Smith (2 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncp/f/Forming%20and%20Protecting%20the%20Middle-Class%20Victorian%20Ideal.pdf">"Forming and Protecting the Middle-Class Victorian Ideal: Holmes and Watson"</a> (PDF). University of North Carolina at Greensboro. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Pembroke" title="University of North Carolina at Pembroke">University of North Carolina at Pembroke</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+North+Carolina+at+Greensboro&rft.atitle=Forming+and+Protecting+the+Middle-Class+Victorian+Ideal%3A+Holmes+and+Watson&rft.date=2008-05-02&rft.au=Kathryn+Caroline+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibres.uncg.edu%2Fir%2Funcp%2Ff%2FForming%2520and%2520Protecting%2520the%2520Middle-Class%2520Victorian%2520Ideal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNathan2020" class="citation web cs1">Nathan, Richard (18 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redcircleauthors.com/news-and-views/ultra-influencers-the-two-british-fictional-victorians-that-changed-japan/">"Ultra-Influencers: The Two British Fictional Victorians that Changed Japan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Red_Circle_Authors" title="Red Circle Authors">Red Circle Authors</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218082150/https://www.redcircleauthors.com/news-and-views/ultra-influencers-the-two-british-fictional-victorians-that-changed-japan/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Red+Circle+Authors&rft.atitle=Ultra-Influencers%3A+The+Two+British+Fictional+Victorians+that+Changed+Japan&rft.date=2020-12-18&rft.aulast=Nathan&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redcircleauthors.com%2Fnews-and-views%2Fultra-influencers-the-two-british-fictional-victorians-that-changed-japan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/bank-accounts/5394699/Santander-who-was-Abbeys-most-famous-customer.html">"Santander: who was Abbey's most famous customer?"</a>. The Telegraph. 27 May 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/bank-accounts/5394699/Santander-who-was-Abbeys-most-famous-customer.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Santander%3A+who+was+Abbey%27s+most+famous+customer%3F&rft.date=2009-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffinance%2Fpersonalfinance%2Fbank-accounts%2F5394699%2FSantander-who-was-Abbeys-most-famous-customer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStamp2012" class="citation web cs1">Stamp, Jimmy (18 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-mystery-of-221b-baker-street-3608784/">"The Mystery of 221B Baker Street"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)" title="Smithsonian (magazine)">Smithsonian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201123204245/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-mystery-of-221b-baker-street-3608784/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2020. 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Retrieved 31 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lib.umn.edu&rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes+%C2%B7+University+of+Minnesota+Libraries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.umn.edu%2Fholmes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMumford2015" class="citation web cs1">Mumford, Tracy (27 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mprnews.org/story/2015/06/27/books-thread-sherlock-archive-minnesota">"Exploring the largest Sherlock Holmes archive in the world"</a>. MPR News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507005054/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2015/06/27/books-thread-sherlock-archive-minnesota">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MPR+News&rft.atitle=Exploring+the+largest+Sherlock+Holmes+archive+in+the+world&rft.date=2015-06-27&rft.aulast=Mumford&rft.aufirst=Tracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mprnews.org%2Fstory%2F2015%2F06%2F27%2Fbooks-thread-sherlock-archive-minnesota&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitportsmouth.co.uk/conandoyle">"Conan Doyle Collection"</a>. www.visitportsmouth.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191231065342/https://www.visitportsmouth.co.uk/conandoyle">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.visitportsmouth.co.uk&rft.atitle=Conan+Doyle+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitportsmouth.co.uk%2Fconandoyle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:04-198"><a href="#cite_ref-:04_198-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2003" class="citation journal cs1">Harris, Susan Cannon (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25058636">"Pathological Possibilities: Contagion and Empire in Doyle's Sherlock Holmes Stories"</a>. Victorian Literature and Culture. 31 (2): 447–466. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1060150303000238">10.1017/S1060150303000238</a> (inactive 1 November 2024). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1060-1503">1060-1503</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25058636">25058636</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162476755">162476755</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210529015806/https://www.jstor.org/stable/25058636">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Victorian+Literature+and+Culture&rft.atitle=Pathological+Possibilities%3A+Contagion+and+Empire+in+Doyle%27s+Sherlock+Holmes+Stories&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=447-466&rft.date=2003&rft.issn=1060-1503&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162476755%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25058636%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1060150303000238&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Susan+Cannon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25058636&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-199"><a href="#cite_ref-:13_199-0">^</a> Raheja, Lauren. "Anxieties of Empire in Doyle's Tales of Sherlock Holmes". Nature, Society, and Thought, vol. 19, no. 4, 2006, p. 417, ProQuest Central. </li> <li id="cite_note-:23-200"><a href="#cite_ref-:23_200-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiqi2006" class="citation journal cs1">Siddiqi, Yumna (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25058745">"The Cesspool of Empire: Sherlock Holmes and the Return of the Repressed"</a>. Victorian Literature and Culture. 34 (1): 233–247. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1060150306051138">10.1017/S1060150306051138</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1060-1503">1060-1503</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25058745">25058745</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162557404">162557404</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419050827/https://www.jstor.org/stable/25058745">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Victorian+Literature+and+Culture&rft.atitle=The+Cesspool+of+Empire%3A+Sherlock+Holmes+and+the+Return+of+the+Repressed&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=233-247&rft.date=2006&rft.issn=1060-1503&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162557404%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25058745%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1060150306051138&rft.aulast=Siddiqi&rft.aufirst=Yumna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25058745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mysteryscenemag.com/article/2843-my-evening-with-sherlock">"My Evening With Sherlock"</a>. www.mysteryscenemag.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220213023637/https://www.mysteryscenemag.com/article/2843-my-evening-with-sherlock">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mysteryscenemag.com&rft.atitle=My+Evening+With+Sherlock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mysteryscenemag.com%2Farticle%2F2843-my-evening-with-sherlock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHale2013" class="citation news cs1">Hale, Mike (25 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/26/movies/how-the-seven-per-cent-solution-reinvented-sherlock-holmes.html">"The Holmes Behind the Modern Sherlock"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191227203039/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/26/movies/how-the-seven-per-cent-solution-reinvented-sherlock-holmes.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Holmes+Behind+the+Modern+Sherlock&rft.date=2013-01-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F01%2F26%2Fmovies%2Fhow-the-seven-per-cent-solution-reinvented-sherlock-holmes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRidgway_WattGreen2003" class="citation book cs1">Ridgway Watt, Peter; Green, Joseph (2003). The Alternative Sherlock Holmes. Routledge. pp. 2, 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-0882-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-0882-0"><bdi>978-0-7546-0882-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Alternative+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.pages=2%2C+92&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-0882-0&rft.aulast=Ridgway+Watt&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Green%2C+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPicker2010" class="citation web cs1">Picker, Lenny (18 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/print/20100118/41642-the-return-of-sherlock-holmes.html">"The Return of Sherlock Holmes"</a>. Publishers Weekly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240219042733/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/print/20100118/41642-the-return-of-sherlock-holmes.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Publishers+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+Return+of+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.date=2010-01-18&rft.aulast=Picker&rft.aufirst=Lenny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishersweekly.com%2Fpw%2Fprint%2F20100118%2F41642-the-return-of-sherlock-holmes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRidgway_WattGreen2003" class="citation book cs1">Ridgway Watt, Peter; Green, Joseph (2003). The Alternative Sherlock Holmes. Routledge. pp. 3–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-0882-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-0882-4"><bdi>0-7546-0882-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Alternative+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.pages=3-4&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7546-0882-4&rft.aulast=Ridgway+Watt&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Green%2C+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HanJingSHINE-206"><a href="#cite_ref-HanJingSHINE_206-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHan2019" class="citation web cs1">Han, Jing (23 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shine.cn/news/nation/1907238931/">"Who gave Sherlock Holmes a 'lucky' Chinese name?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Daily" title="Shanghai Daily">Shanghai Daily</a>. Translated by Ye Jun. <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>. Retrieved 1 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shanghai+Daily&rft.atitle=Who+gave+Sherlock+Holmes+a+%27lucky%27+Chinese+name%3F&rft.date=2019-07-23&rft.aulast=Han&rft.aufirst=Jing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shine.cn%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F1907238931%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> Original Chinese version: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_3991563">"福尔摩斯姓"福"不是因为福建人，而是因为这个上海人"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Paper_(newspaper)" title="The Paper (newspaper)">The Paper</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>. 25 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Paper&rft.atitle=%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%A7%93%22%E7%A6%8F%22%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E5%9B%A0%E4%B8%BA%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%8C%E8%80%8C%E6%98%AF%E5%9B%A0%E4%B8%BA%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%AA%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%BA&rft.date=2019-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepaper.cn%2FnewsDetail_forward_3991563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> - Original title: "福尔摩斯为何姓“福”？不是因为分不清f和h的福建人，而是因为上海人!" - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI2MDYzMTU0MQ==&mid=2247489490&idx=1&sn=7f9dd47b5e64609fdf1aa1f20aa7e324&chksm=ea67e948dd10605e6f8dd57c01dde09889a38fbd7d4239a5eba34154257e0e023b9e43f48afa&scene=27#wechat_redirect">Original text here</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayes2012" class="citation book cs1">Hayes, Paul Stuart (2012). The Theatrical Sherlock Holmes. Hidden Tiger. pp. 6–12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-291-26421-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-291-26421-0"><bdi>978-1-291-26421-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Theatrical+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.pages=6-12&rft.pub=Hidden+Tiger&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-291-26421-0&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Paul+Stuart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Leary2014" class="citation web cs1">O'Leary, James C. (4 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ihearofsherlock.com/2014/06/classics-of-sherlockiana-apocrypha-of.html">"Classics of Sherlockiana: the Apocrypha of Sherlock Holmes"</a>. I Hear of Sherlock Everywhere. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200102200751/https://www.ihearofsherlock.com/2014/06/classics-of-sherlockiana-apocrypha-of.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=I+Hear+of+Sherlock+Everywhere&rft.atitle=Classics+of+Sherlockiana%3A+the+Apocrypha+of+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.date=2014-06-04&rft.aulast=O%27Leary&rft.aufirst=James+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ihearofsherlock.com%2F2014%2F06%2Fclassics-of-sherlockiana-apocrypha-of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=Maurice_Leblanc">"Maurice Leblanc"</a>. The Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807062600/https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=Maurice_Leblanc">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Arthur+Conan+Doyle+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Maurice+Leblanc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arthur-conan-doyle.com%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMaurice_Leblanc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQueen1944" class="citation book cs1">Queen, Ellery, ed. (1944). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scriblio_test_044/mode/2up">The misadventures of Sherlock Holmes</a>. Little Brown.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+misadventures+of+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.pub=Little+Brown&rft.date=1944&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscriblio_test_044%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNevins2013" class="citation book cs1">Nevins, Francis M. (2013). Ellery Queen: The Art of Detection: The story of how two fractious cousins reshaped the modern detective novel. Perfect Crime Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-935797-47-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-935797-47-0"><bdi>978-1-935797-47-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ellery+Queen%3A+The+Art+of+Detection%3A+The+story+of+how+two+fractious+cousins+reshaped+the+modern+detective+novel.&rft.pub=Perfect+Crime+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-935797-47-0&rft.aulast=Nevins&rft.aufirst=Francis+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=The_Exploits_of_Sherlock_Holmes">"The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes"</a>. The Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807131215/https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=The_Exploits_of_Sherlock_Holmes">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Arthur+Conan+Doyle+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=The+Exploits+of+Sherlock+Holmes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arthur-conan-doyle.com%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DThe_Exploits_of_Sherlock_Holmes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSansom2011" class="citation news cs1">Sansom, Ian (27 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/oct/27/house-silk-anthony-horowitz-sherlock-holmes">"The House of Silk by Anthony Horowitz – review"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807054817/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/oct/27/house-silk-anthony-horowitz-sherlock-holmes">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+House+of+Silk+by+Anthony+Horowitz+%E2%80%93+review&rft.date=2011-10-27&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Sansom&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2011%2Foct%2F27%2Fhouse-silk-anthony-horowitz-sherlock-holmes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlood2014" class="citation news cs1">Flood, Alison (10 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/apr/10/anthony-horowitz-new-sherlock-holmes-book-moriarty">"Sherlock Holmes returns in new Anthony Horowitz book, Moriarty"</a>. Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140811005406/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/apr/10/anthony-horowitz-new-sherlock-holmes-book-moriarty">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guardian&rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes+returns+in+new+Anthony+Horowitz+book%2C+Moriarty&rft.date=2014-04-10&rft.aulast=Flood&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2014%2Fapr%2F10%2Fanthony-horowitz-new-sherlock-holmes-book-moriarty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/news/2015-07-15/largest-ever-collection-of-new-sherlock-holmes-stories-will-raise-money-to-restore-conan-doyles-house/">"Largest ever collection of new Sherlock Holmes stories will raise money to restore Conan Doyle's house"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a>. 15 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190714194059/https://www.radiotimes.com/news/2015-07-15/largest-ever-collection-of-new-sherlock-holmes-stories-will-raise-money-to-restore-conan-doyles-house/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Times&rft.atitle=Largest+ever+collection+of+new+Sherlock+Holmes+stories+will+raise+money+to+restore+Conan+Doyle%27s+house&rft.date=2015-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Fnews%2F2015-07-15%2Flargest-ever-collection-of-new-sherlock-holmes-stories-will-raise-money-to-restore-conan-doyles-house%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200919003159/https://www.steppingstones.org.uk/Community/Undershaw-A-school/">"Stepping Stones School"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.steppingstones.org.uk/Community/Undershaw-A-school/">the original</a> on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stepping+Stones+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.steppingstones.org.uk%2FCommunity%2FUndershaw-A-school%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/michael-p-sean-m-wright-hodel/enter-the-lion-a-posthumous-memoir-of-mycroft-h/">"Enter the Lion: A Posthumous Memoir of Mycroft Holmes"</a>. Kirkus Reviews. 1 July 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240219042818/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/michael-p-sean-m-wright-hodel/enter-the-lion-a-posthumous-memoir-of-mycroft-h/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kirkus+Reviews&rft.atitle=Enter+the+Lion%3A+A+Posthumous+Memoir+of+Mycroft+Holmes&rft.date=1979-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirkusreviews.com%2Fbook-reviews%2Fmichael-p-sean-m-wright-hodel%2Fenter-the-lion-a-posthumous-memoir-of-mycroft-h%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://us.macmillan.com/author/">"Quinn Fawcett"</a>. Macmillan Publishers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210105025352/https://us.macmillan.com/author/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2021. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/kareem-abdul-jabbar-returns-to-his-other-passion-sherlock-holmes/2018/10/02/e1564636-c591-11e8-9b1c-a90f1daae309_story.html">the original</a> on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Review+%7C+Kareem+Abdul-Jabbar+returns+to+his+other+passion%3A+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.date=2018-10-03&rft.aulast=Dirda&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fentertainment%2Fbooks%2Fkareem-abdul-jabbar-returns-to-his-other-passion-sherlock-holmes%2F2018%2F10%2F02%2Fe1564636-c591-11e8-9b1c-a90f1daae309_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrow" class="citation web cs1">Trow, M.J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160701151145/http://www.mjtrow.co.uk/lestrade/">"The Lestrade Series"</a>. M. J. Trow, Author and Lecturer. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mjtrow.co.uk/lestrade/">the original</a> on 1 July 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=M.+J.+Trow%2C+Author+and+Lecturer&rft.atitle=The+Lestrade+Series&rft.aulast=Trow&rft.aufirst=M.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mjtrow.co.uk%2Flestrade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carolenelsondouglas.com/book-series/irene-adler/">"The Irene Adler Series"</a>. Carole Nelson Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191226200647/http://carolenelsondouglas.com/book-series/irene-adler/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carole+Nelson+Douglas&rft.atitle=The+Irene+Adler+Series&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcarolenelsondouglas.com%2Fbook-series%2Firene-adler%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190910123913/http://www.martindaviesauthor.com/the-holmes-%26-hudson-series">"The Holmes & Hudson Series"</a>. Martin Davies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://martindaviesauthor.com/the-holmes-%26-hudson-series">the original</a> on 10 September 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Martin+Davies&rft.atitle=The+Holmes+%26+Hudson+Series&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmartindaviesauthor.com%2Fthe-holmes-%2526-hudson-series&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-haft-223"><a href="#cite_ref-haft_223-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaftWhiteWhite1999" class="citation book cs1">Haft, Adele J.; White, Jane G.; <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._White" title="Robert J. White">White, Robert J.</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SQogJS1WSOYC">The Key to "The Name of the Rose"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Michigan_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Michigan Press">The University of Michigan Press</a>. p. 194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780472086214" title="Special:BookSources/9780472086214"><bdi>9780472086214</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211223040825/https://books.google.com/books?id=SQogJS1WSOYC">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Key+to+%22The+Name+of+the+Rose%22&rft.pages=194&rft.pub=The+University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780472086214&rft.aulast=Haft&rft.aufirst=Adele+J.&rft.au=White%2C+Jane+G.&rft.au=White%2C+Robert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSQogJS1WSOYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapozzi1997" class="citation book cs1">Capozzi, Rocco, ed. 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Retrieved 23 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+Eco%3A+An+Anthology&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1997-02-22&rft.isbn=9780253112828&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DipbOrcd8q9UC%26pg%3DPA257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laurierking.com/books/series/russell-holmes/">"Russell & Holmes"</a>. Laurie R. King. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240118094338/https://laurierking.com/books/series/russell-holmes/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laurie+R.+King&rft.atitle=Russell+%26+Holmes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaurierking.com%2Fbooks%2Fseries%2Frussell-holmes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2005" class="citation news cs1">Thompson, Sam (26 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2005/feb/26/fiction.arthurconandoyle">"Review: The Final Solution by Michael Chabon"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191226200647/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2005/feb/26/fiction.arthurconandoyle">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Review%3A+The+Final+Solution+by+Michael+Chabon&rft.date=2005-02-26&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2005%2Ffeb%2F26%2Ffiction.arthurconandoyle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/mitch-cullin/a-slight-trick-of-the-mind/">"A Slight Trick of the Mind"</a>. Kirkus Reviews. 1 February 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191220224907/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/mitch-cullin/a-slight-trick-of-the-mind/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kirkus+Reviews&rft.atitle=A+Slight+Trick+of+the+Mind&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirkusreviews.com%2Fbook-reviews%2Fmitch-cullin%2Fa-slight-trick-of-the-mind%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2015" class="citation news cs1">Scott, A. O. (16 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/17/movies/review-for-ian-mckellens-mr-holmes-retirement-is-afoot.html">"Review: For Ian McKellen's 'Mr. Holmes,' Retirement Is Afoot"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200102195925/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/17/movies/review-for-ian-mckellens-mr-holmes-retirement-is-afoot.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Review%3A+For+Ian+McKellen%27s+%27Mr.+Holmes%2C%27+Retirement+Is+Afoot&rft.date=2015-07-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=A.+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F07%2F17%2Fmovies%2Freview-for-ian-mckellens-mr-holmes-retirement-is-afoot.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHickling2004" class="citation news cs1">Hickling, Alfred (4 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/dec/04/classics.arthurconandoyle">"Review: The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes edited by Leslie S Klinger"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200605213836/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/dec/04/classics.arthurconandoyle">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Review%3A+The+New+Annotated+Sherlock+Holmes+edited+by+Leslie+S+Klinger&rft.date=2004-12-04&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Hickling&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2004%2Fdec%2F04%2Fclassics.arthurconandoyle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeingarten2004" class="citation news cs1">Weingarten, Marc (30 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/30/books/case-of-the-lawyer-with-a-sherlock-holmes-bent.html">"Case of the Lawyer With a Sherlock Holmes Bent"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191021033828/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/30/books/case-of-the-lawyer-with-a-sherlock-holmes-bent.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Case+of+the+Lawyer+With+a+Sherlock+Holmes+Bent&rft.date=2004-12-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Weingarten&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F12%2F30%2Fbooks%2Fcase-of-the-lawyer-with-a-sherlock-holmes-bent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Castella2015" class="citation web cs1">de Castella, Tom (26 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30932322">"William Gillette: Five ways he transformed how Sherlock Holmes looks and talks"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415233716/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30932322">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=William+Gillette%3A+Five+ways+he+transformed+how+Sherlock+Holmes+looks+and+talks&rft.date=2015-01-26&rft.aulast=de+Castella&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-30932322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEyles1986" class="citation book cs1">Eyles, Allen (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sherlockholmesce0000eyle/page/57">Sherlock Holmes: A Centenary Celebration</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harper_(publisher)" title="Harper (publisher)">Harper & Row</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sherlockholmesce0000eyle/page/57">57</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-015620-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-015620-1"><bdi>0-06-015620-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes%3A+A+Centenary+Celebration&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-06-015620-1&rft.aulast=Eyles&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsherlockholmesce0000eyle%2Fpage%2F57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tuska-233"><a href="#cite_ref-Tuska_233-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuska1978" class="citation book cs1">Tuska, Jon (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/detectiveinholly00tusk">The Detective in Hollywood</a>. New York: Doubleday. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/detectiveinholly00tusk/page/n43">1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-12093-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-12093-7"><bdi>978-0-385-12093-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Detective+in+Hollywood&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-385-12093-7&rft.aulast=Tuska&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdetectiveinholly00tusk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarrett1933" class="citation book cs1">Starrett, Vincent (1933). The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes. Otto Penzler Books (published 1993). p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-883402-05-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-883402-05-0"><bdi>1-883402-05-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Private+Life+of+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Otto+Penzler+Books&rft.date=1933&rft.isbn=1-883402-05-0&rft.aulast=Starrett&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sherlockiana1-235"><a href="#cite_ref-sherlockiana1_235-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunson1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bunson" title="Matthew Bunson">Bunson, Matthew</a> (1997). Encyclopedia Sherlockiana. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. p. 213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-861679-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-861679-0"><bdi>0-02-861679-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Sherlockiana&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-02-861679-0&rft.aulast=Bunson&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEyles1986" class="citation book cs1">Eyles, Allen (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sherlockholmesce0000eyle/page/89">Sherlock Holmes: A Centenary Celebration</a>. New York: Harper & Row. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sherlockholmesce0000eyle/page/89">89–98</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0060156201" title="Special:BookSources/0060156201"><bdi>0060156201</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes%3A+A+Centenary+Celebration&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=89-98&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0060156201&rft.aulast=Eyles&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsherlockholmesce0000eyle%2Fpage%2F89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/27/obituaries/edith-meiser-95-dies-actress-and-a-writer.html">"Edith Meiser, 95, Dies; Actress and a Writer"</a>. The New York Times. 27 September 1993. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090618160808/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/27/obituaries/edith-meiser-95-dies-actress-and-a-writer.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Edith+Meiser%2C+95%2C+Dies%3B+Actress+and+a+Writer&rft.date=1993-09-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1993%2F09%2F27%2Fobituaries%2Fedith-meiser-95-dies-actress-and-a-writer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-interview-238">^ <a href="#cite_ref-interview_238-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-interview_238-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/sherlock/coules.shtml">"Cult Presents: Sherlock Holmes – Bert Coules Interview"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230528151532/https://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/sherlock/coules.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cult+Presents%3A+Sherlock+Holmes+%E2%80%93+Bert+Coules+Interview&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fcult%2Fsherlock%2Fcoules.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrepolec" class="citation web cs1">Prepolec, Charles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bakerstreetdozen.com/furtheradvent.html">"Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: Reviewed"</a>. BBC Radio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201611/http://www.bakerstreetdozen.com/furtheradvent.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Further+Adventures+of+Sherlock+Holmes%3A+Reviewed&rft.pub=BBC+Radio&rft.aulast=Prepolec&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bakerstreetdozen.com%2Ffurtheradvent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bertcoules.co.uk/holmes.php">"Bert Coules: writer, director, speaker"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310080500/http://www.bertcoules.co.uk/holmes.php">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bert+Coules%3A+writer%2C+director%2C+speaker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bertcoules.co.uk%2Fholmes.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClementsMcCarthy,_Helen2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Clements" title="Jonathan Clements">Clements, Jonathan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Helen_McCarthy" title="Helen McCarthy">McCarthy, Helen</a> (2006). <a href="/wiki/The_Anime_Encyclopedia:_A_Guide_to_Japanese_Animation_Since_1917" class="mw-redirect" title="The Anime Encyclopedia: A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917">The Anime Encyclopedia: A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917</a> (2nd edition (Revised & Expanded Edition) ed.). Stone Bridge Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/animeencyclopedi00clem_0/page/580">580</a>–581. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933330-10-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933330-10-5"><bdi>978-1-933330-10-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anime+Encyclopedia%3A+A+Guide+to+Japanese+Animation+Since+1917&rft.pages=580-581&rft.edition=2nd+edition+%28Revised+%26+Expanded+Edition%29&rft.pub=Stone+Bridge+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-933330-10-5&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6607249.stm">"Moscow honours legendary Holmes"</a>. 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Sherlockian.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416014136/https://www.sherlockian.net/teaching/ownership/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sherlockian.net&rft.atitle=Ownership+of+the+Sherlock+Holmes+Stories&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sherlockian.net%2Fteaching%2Fownership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-261">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_261-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_261-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalekos_Smith2016" class="citation journal cs1">Malekos Smith, Jessica L. (27 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1164&context=ckjip">"Sherlock Holmes & the Case of the Contested Copyright"</a>. Chicago-Kent Journal of Intellectual Property. 15 (2): 537–554. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200709165714/https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1164&context=ckjip">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago-Kent+Journal+of+Intellectual+Property&rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes+%26+the+Case+of+the+Contested+Copyright&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=537-554&rft.date=2016-06-27&rft.aulast=Malekos+Smith&rft.aufirst=Jessica+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1164%26context%3Dckjip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasnick2015" class="citation web cs1">Masnick, Mike (26 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150524/17521431095/sherlock-holmes-case-never-ending-copyright-dispute.shtml">"Sherlock Holmes And The Case Of The Never Ending Copyright Dispute"</a>. Techdirt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191227042630/https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150524/17521431095/sherlock-holmes-case-never-ending-copyright-dispute.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Techdirt&rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes+And+The+Case+Of+The+Never+Ending+Copyright+Dispute&rft.date=2015-05-26&rft.aulast=Masnick&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techdirt.com%2Farticles%2F20150524%2F17521431095%2Fsherlock-holmes-case-never-ending-copyright-dispute.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://free-sherlock.com/">"Holmes belongs to the world"</a>. Free Sherlock!. 14 February 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327102530/https://free-sherlock.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Holmes+belongs+to+the+world&rft.pub=Free+Sherlock%21&rft.date=2013-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffree-sherlock.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters_appeal_decision-264"><a href="#cite_ref-reuters_appeal_decision_264-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStempel2014" class="citation news cs1">Stempel, Jonathan (16 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sherlockholmes-lawsuit-idUKKBN0ER2BP20140616">"Sherlock Holmes belongs to the public, U.S. court rules"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310004822/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-sherlockholmes-lawsuit-idUKKBN0ER2BP20140616">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes+belongs+to+the+public%2C+U.S.+court+rules&rft.date=2014-06-16&rft.aulast=Stempel&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-sherlockholmes-lawsuit-idUKKBN0ER2BP20140616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-denofgeek.com-265"><a href="#cite_ref-denofgeek.com_265-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBritt2020" class="citation web cs1">Britt, Ryan (26 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/conan-doyle-estate-sues-netflix-enola-holmes/">"Conan Doyle Estate Sues Netflix Enola Holmes"</a>. Den of Geek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030140223/https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/conan-doyle-estate-sues-netflix-enola-holmes/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Den+of+Geek&rft.atitle=Conan+Doyle+Estate+Sues+Netflix+Enola+Holmes&rft.date=2020-06-26&rft.aulast=Britt&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denofgeek.com%2Fmovies%2Fconan-doyle-estate-sues-netflix-enola-holmes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahdawi2020" class="citation web cs1">Mahdawi, Arwa (7 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/oct/07/the-curious-case-of-sherlock-holmes-evolving-emotions">"The curious case of Sherlock Holmes' evolving emotions"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115004712/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/oct/07/the-curious-case-of-sherlock-holmes-evolving-emotions">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+curious+case+of+Sherlock+Holmes%27+evolving+emotions&rft.date=2020-10-07&rft.aulast=Mahdawi&rft.aufirst=Arwa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2020%2Foct%2F07%2Fthe-curious-case-of-sherlock-holmes-evolving-emotions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner2020" class="citation web cs1">Gardner, Eriq (24 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/conan-doyle-estate-sues-netflix-coming-movie-sherlock-holmes-sister-1300108">"Conan Doyle Estate Sues Netflix Over Coming Movie About Sherlock Holmes' Sister"</a>. The Hollywood Reporter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200624232025/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/conan-doyle-estate-sues-netflix-coming-movie-sherlock-holmes-sister-1300108">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Conan+Doyle+Estate+Sues+Netflix+Over+Coming+Movie+About+Sherlock+Holmes%27+Sister&rft.date=2020-06-24&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Eriq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fthr-esq%2Fconan-doyle-estate-sues-netflix-coming-movie-sherlock-holmes-sister-1300108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlood2020" class="citation web cs1">Flood, Alison (22 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/dec/22/lawsuit-copyright-warmer-sherlock-holmes-dismissed-enola-holmes">"Lawsuit over 'warmer' Sherlock depicted in Enola Holmes dismissed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124024730/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/dec/22/lawsuit-copyright-warmer-sherlock-holmes-dismissed-enola-holmes">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Lawsuit+over+%27warmer%27+Sherlock+depicted+in+Enola+Holmes+dismissed&rft.date=2020-12-22&rft.aulast=Flood&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2020%2Fdec%2F22%2Flawsuit-copyright-warmer-sherlock-holmes-dismissed-enola-holmes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoss2020" class="citation web cs1">Moss, Aaron (20 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://copyrightlately.com/enola-holmes-copyright-lawsuit-dismissed/">""Enola Holmes" Copyright Lawsuit Dismissed: Unsolved, Yet Resolved"</a>. Copyright Lately. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201220180827/https://copyrightlately.com/enola-holmes-copyright-lawsuit-dismissed/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 23 December 2020. <q>That means the case was probably settled, although we don't know for sure.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Copyright+Lately&rft.atitle=%22Enola+Holmes%22+Copyright+Lawsuit+Dismissed%3A+Unsolved%2C+Yet+Resolved&rft.date=2020-12-20&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcopyrightlately.com%2Fenola-holmes-copyright-lawsuit-dismissed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <cite><a href="/wiki/Klinger_v._Conan_Doyle_Estate,_Ltd." title="Klinger v. Conan Doyle Estate, Ltd.">Klinger v. Conan Doyle Estate, Ltd.</a></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/klinger-v-conan-doyle-estate-ltd">755 F.3d 496</a>, 497 (7th Cir. 2014) ("will not expire until 95 years after the date of original publication—between 2018 to 2022, depending on the original publication date of each story"). </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/public-domain-2023-5c30746553953b5accffcbaa9e860de0">"2023 public domain debuts include last Sherlock Holmes work"</a>. AP News. 30 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230101053156/https://apnews.com/article/public-domain-2023-5c30746553953b5accffcbaa9e860de0">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=2023+public+domain+debuts+include+last+Sherlock+Holmes+work&rft.date=2022-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fpublic-domain-2023-5c30746553953b5accffcbaa9e860de0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins" class="citation web cs1">Jenkins, Jennifer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.law.duke.edu/cspd/publicdomainday/2023/">"January 1, 2023 is Public Domain Day: Works from 1927 are open to all!"</a>. Duke University School of Law. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230102212202/https://web.law.duke.edu/cspd/publicdomainday/2023/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Duke+University+School+of+Law&rft.atitle=January+1%2C+2023+is+Public+Domain+Day%3A+Works+from+1927+are+open+to+all%21&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.law.duke.edu%2Fcspd%2Fpublicdomainday%2F2023%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAccardo1987" class="citation book cs1">Accardo, Pasquale J. (1987). Diagnosis and Detection: Medical Iconography of Sherlock Holmes. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-50291-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-50291-7"><bdi>0-517-50291-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diagnosis+and+Detection%3A+Medical+Iconography+of+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.place=Madison%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-517-50291-7&rft.aulast=Accardo&rft.aufirst=Pasquale+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaring-Gould1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_S._Baring-Gould" title="William S. Baring-Gould">Baring-Gould, William</a> (1967). The Annotated Sherlock Holmes. New York: Clarkson N. Potter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-50291-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-50291-7"><bdi>0-517-50291-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annotated+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Clarkson+N.+Potter&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=0-517-50291-7&rft.aulast=Baring-Gould&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaring-Gould1962" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_S._Baring-Gould" title="William S. Baring-Gould">Baring-Gould, William</a> (1962). <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_of_Baker_Street" title="Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street">Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street: The Life of the World's First Consulting Detective</a>. New York: Clarkson N. Potter. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/63103488">63103488</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes+of+Baker+Street%3A+The+Life+of+the+World%27s+First+Consulting+Detective&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Clarkson+N.+Potter&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F63103488&rft.aulast=Baring-Gould&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlakeney1994" class="citation book cs1">Blakeney, T. S. (1994). Sherlock Holmes: Fact or Fiction?. London: Prentice Hall & IBD. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-883402-10-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-883402-10-7"><bdi>1-883402-10-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes%3A+Fact+or+Fiction%3F&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall+%26+IBD&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-883402-10-7&rft.aulast=Blakeney&rft.aufirst=T.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley2004" class="citation book cs1">Bradley, Alan (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/msholmesofbakers00brad">Ms Holmes of Baker Street: The Truth About Sherlock</a>. Alberta: University of Alberta Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88864-415-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-88864-415-9"><bdi>0-88864-415-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ms+Holmes+of+Baker+Street%3A+The+Truth+About+Sherlock&rft.place=Alberta&rft.pub=University+of+Alberta+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-88864-415-9&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmsholmesofbakers00brad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2007" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Mark (2007). Sherlock Holmes. London: Pocket Essentials. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-12823-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-12823-7"><bdi>978-0-470-12823-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pocket+Essentials&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-470-12823-7&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDakin1972" class="citation book cs1">Dakin, David (1972). A Sherlock Holmes Commentary. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7153-5493-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7153-5493-0"><bdi>0-7153-5493-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Sherlock+Holmes+Commentary&rft.place=Newton+Abbot&rft.pub=David+%26+Charles&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-7153-5493-0&rft.aulast=Dakin&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan2008" class="citation book cs1">Duncan, Alistair (2008). Eliminate the Impossible: An Examination of the World of Sherlock Holmes on Page and Screen. London: MX Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904312-31-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904312-31-4"><bdi>978-1-904312-31-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eliminate+the+Impossible%3A+An+Examination+of+the+World+of+Sherlock+Holmes+on+Page+and+Screen&rft.place=London&rft.pub=MX+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-904312-31-4&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=Alistair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan2009" class="citation book cs1">Duncan, Alistair (2009). Close to Holmes: A Look at the Connections Between Historical London, Sherlock Holmes and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. London: MX Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904312-50-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904312-50-5"><bdi>978-1-904312-50-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Close+to+Holmes%3A+A+Look+at+the+Connections+Between+Historical+London%2C+Sherlock+Holmes+and+Sir+Arthur+Conan+Doyle&rft.place=London&rft.pub=MX+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-904312-50-5&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=Alistair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan2010" class="citation book cs1">Duncan, Alistair (2010). The Norwood Author: Arthur Conan Doyle and the Norwood Years (1891–1894). London: MX Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904312-69-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904312-69-7"><bdi>978-1-904312-69-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Norwood+Author%3A+Arthur+Conan+Doyle+and+the+Norwood+Years+%281891%E2%80%931894%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=MX+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-904312-69-7&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=Alistair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Fenoli Marc, Qui a tué Sherlock Holmes ? [Who shot Sherlock Holmes ?], Review L'Alpe 45, Glénat-Musée Dauphinois, Grenoble-France, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7234-6902-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7234-6902-9">978-2-7234-6902-9</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen1987" class="citation book cs1">Green, Richard Lancelyn (1987). The Sherlock Holmes Letters. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87745-161-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-87745-161-3"><bdi>0-87745-161-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sherlock+Holmes+Letters&rft.place=Iowa+City&rft.pub=University+of+Iowa+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-87745-161-3&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Richard+Lancelyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall1969" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Trevor (1969). Sherlock Holmes: Ten Literary Studies. London: Duckworth. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7156-0469-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7156-0469-4"><bdi>0-7156-0469-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes%3A+Ten+Literary+Studies&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Duckworth&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=0-7156-0469-4&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall1977" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Trevor (1977). Sherlock Holmes and his Creator. New York: St Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-71719-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-71719-9"><bdi>0-312-71719-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes+and+his+Creator&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-312-71719-9&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammer1995" class="citation book cs1">Hammer, David (1995). The Before-Breakfast Pipe of Mr. Sherlock Holmes. London: Wessex Pr. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-938501-21-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-938501-21-6"><bdi>0-938501-21-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Before-Breakfast+Pipe+of+Mr.+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Wessex+Pr.&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-938501-21-6&rft.aulast=Hammer&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison1973" class="citation book cs1">Harrison, Michael (1973). The World of Sherlock Holmes. London: Frederick Muller Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Frederick+Muller+Ltd.&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1987" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Kelvin (1987). Sherlock Holmes and the Kent Railways. Sittingborne, Kent: Meresborough Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-948193-25-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-948193-25-5"><bdi>0-948193-25-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes+and+the+Kent+Railways&rft.place=Sittingborne%2C+Kent&rft.pub=Meresborough+Books&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-948193-25-5&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Kelvin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeating2006" class="citation book cs1">Keating, H. R. F. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sherlockholmesma0000keat">Sherlock Holmes: The Man and His World</a>. Edison, NJ: Castle. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7858-2112-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7858-2112-0"><bdi>0-7858-2112-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes%3A+The+Man+and+His+World&rft.place=Edison%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Castle&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7858-2112-0&rft.aulast=Keating&rft.aufirst=H.+R.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsherlockholmesma0000keat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKestner1997" class="citation book cs1">Kestner, Joseph (1997). Sherlock's Men: Masculinity, Conan Doyle and Cultural History. Farnham: Ashgate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85928-394-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85928-394-2"><bdi>1-85928-394-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sherlock%27s+Men%3A+Masculinity%2C+Conan+Doyle+and+Cultural+History&rft.place=Farnham&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-85928-394-2&rft.aulast=Kestner&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing1996" class="citation book cs1">King, Joseph A. (1996). Sherlock Holmes: From Victorian Sleuth to Modern Hero. Lanham, US: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-3180-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-3180-5"><bdi>0-8108-3180-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes%3A+From+Victorian+Sleuth+to+Modern+Hero&rft.place=Lanham%2C+US&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8108-3180-5&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Joseph+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlinger1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leslie_S._Klinger" title="Leslie S. Klinger">Klinger, Leslie</a> (1998). The Sherlock Holmes Reference Library. Indianapolis: Gasogene Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-938501-26-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-938501-26-7"><bdi>0-938501-26-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sherlock+Holmes+Reference+Library&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pub=Gasogene+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-938501-26-7&rft.aulast=Klinger&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnowles2007" class="citation book cs1">Knowles, Christopher (2007). <a href="/wiki/Our_Gods_Wear_Spandex:_The_Secret_History_of_Comic_Book_Heroes" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Gods Wear Spandex: The Secret History of Comic Book Heroes">Our Gods Wear Spandex: The Secret History of Comic Book Heroes</a>. San Francisco: Weiser Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57863-406-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57863-406-4"><bdi>978-1-57863-406-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Gods+Wear+Spandex%3A+The+Secret+History+of+Comic+Book+Heroes&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Weiser+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-57863-406-4&rft.aulast=Knowles&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLester1992" class="citation book cs1">Lester, Paul (1992). Sherlock Holmes in the Midlands. Studley, Warwickshire: Brewin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-947731-85-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-947731-85-7"><bdi>0-947731-85-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes+in+the+Midlands&rft.place=Studley%2C+Warwickshire&rft.pub=Brewin+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-947731-85-7&rft.aulast=Lester&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Lieboe, Eli. Doctor Joe Bell: Model for Sherlock Holmes. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green University Popular Press, 1982; Madison, Wisconsin: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Press" title="University of Wisconsin Press">University of Wisconsin Press</a>, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87972-198-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87972-198-5">978-0-87972-198-5</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcClure2020" class="citation book cs1">McClure, Michael (2020). Sherlock Holmes and the Cryptic Clues. Chester, IL: Baskerville Productions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9981084-7-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9981084-7-6"><bdi>978-0-9981084-7-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes+and+the+Cryptic+Clues&rft.place=Chester%2C+IL&rft.pub=Baskerville+Productions&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-9981084-7-6&rft.aulast=McClure&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchelson1994" class="citation book cs1">Mitchelson, Austin (1994). The Baker Street Irregular: Unauthorised Biography of Sherlock Holmes. Romford: Ian Henry Publications Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8021-4325-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8021-4325-3"><bdi>0-8021-4325-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baker+Street+Irregular%3A+Unauthorised+Biography+of+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.place=Romford&rft.pub=Ian+Henry+Publications+Ltd&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-8021-4325-3&rft.aulast=Mitchelson&rft.aufirst=Austin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPayne1992" class="citation book cs1">Payne, David S. (1992). Myth and Modern Man in Sherlock Holmes: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and the Uses of Nostalgia. Bloomington, Ind: Gaslight's Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-934468-29-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-934468-29-X"><bdi>0-934468-29-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myth+and+Modern+Man+in+Sherlock+Holmes%3A+Sir+Arthur+Conan+Doyle+and+the+Uses+of+Nostalgia&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Ind&rft.pub=Gaslight%27s+Publications&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-934468-29-X&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedmond1987" class="citation book cs1">Redmond, Christopher (1987). In Bed with Sherlock Holmes: Sexual Elements in Conan Doyle's Stories. London: Players Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8021-4325-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8021-4325-3"><bdi>0-8021-4325-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Bed+with+Sherlock+Holmes%3A+Sexual+Elements+in+Conan+Doyle%27s+Stories&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Players+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-8021-4325-3&rft.aulast=Redmond&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedmond1983" class="citation book cs1">Redmond, Donald (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sherlockholmesst0000redm">Sherlock Holmes: A Study in Sources</a>. Quebec: McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7735-0391-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7735-0391-9"><bdi>0-7735-0391-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes%3A+A+Study+in+Sources&rft.place=Quebec&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-7735-0391-9&rft.aulast=Redmond&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsherlockholmesst0000redm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRennison2007" class="citation book cs1">Rennison, Nick (2007). Sherlock Holmes. The Unauthorized Biography. London: Grove Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-4325-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-4325-9"><bdi>978-0-8021-4325-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes.+The+Unauthorized+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8021-4325-9&rft.aulast=Rennison&rft.aufirst=Nick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards1998" class="citation book cs1">Richards, Anthony John (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bedsidecompanion0000rile">Holmes, Chemistry and the Royal Institution: A Survey of the Scientific Works of Sherlock Holmes and His Relationship with the Royal Institution of Great Britain</a>. London: Irregulars Special Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7607-7156-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7607-7156-1"><bdi>0-7607-7156-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holmes%2C+Chemistry+and+the+Royal+Institution%3A+A+Survey+of+the+Scientific+Works+of+Sherlock+Holmes+and+His+Relationship+with+the+Royal+Institution+of+Great+Britain&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Irregulars+Special+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-7607-7156-1&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Anthony+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbedsidecompanion0000rile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiley2005" class="citation book cs1">Riley, Dick (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bedsidecompanion0000rile">The Bedside Companion to Sherlock Holmes</a>. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7607-7156-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7607-7156-1"><bdi>0-7607-7156-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bedside+Companion+to+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7607-7156-1&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=Dick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbedsidecompanion0000rile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiley2005" class="citation book cs1">Riley, Peter (2005). The Highways and Byways of Sherlock Holmes. London: P.&D. Riley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-874712-78-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-874712-78-7"><bdi>978-1-874712-78-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Highways+and+Byways+of+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.place=London&rft.pub=P.%26D.+Riley&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-874712-78-7&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy2008" class="citation book cs1">Roy, Pinaki (2008). The Manichean Investigators: A Postcolonial and Cultural Rereading of the Sherlock Holmes and Byomkesh Bakshi Stories. New Delhi: Sarup and Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7625-849-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7625-849-4"><bdi>978-81-7625-849-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Manichean+Investigators%3A+A+Postcolonial+and+Cultural+Rereading+of+the+Sherlock+Holmes+and+Byomkesh+Bakshi+Stories&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Sarup+and+Sons&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-7625-849-4&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Pinaki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSebeokUmiker-Sebeok1984" class="citation book cs1">Sebeok, Thomas; Umiker-Sebeok, Jean (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/b_resources/abduction.html">"'You Know My Method': A Juxtaposition of Charles S. Peirce and Sherlock Holmes"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Eco, Umberto</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sebeok" title="Thomas Sebeok">Sebeok, Thomas</a> (eds.). The Sign of Three: Dupin, Holmes, Peirce. Bloomington, IN: History Workshop, Indiana University Press. pp. 11–54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35235-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35235-4"><bdi>978-0-253-35235-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9412985">9412985</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210211194603/http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/b_resources/abduction.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27You+Know+My+Method%27%3A+A+Juxtaposition+of+Charles+S.+Peirce+and+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.btitle=The+Sign+of+Three%3A+Dupin%2C+Holmes%2C+Peirce&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.pages=11-54&rft.pub=History+Workshop%2C+Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9412985&rft.isbn=978-0-253-35235-4&rft.aulast=Sebeok&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Umiker-Sebeok%2C+Jean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visual-memory.co.uk%2Fb_resources%2Fabduction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"> Previously published as chapter 2, pp. 17–52 of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSebeok1981" class="citation book cs1">Sebeok, Thomas (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/playofmusement0000sebe">The Play of Musement</a>. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-39994-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-39994-6"><bdi>978-0-253-39994-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/80008846">80008846</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7275523">7275523</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Play+of+Musement&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7275523&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F80008846&rft.isbn=978-0-253-39994-6&rft.aulast=Sebeok&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplayofmusement0000sebe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw1995" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, John B. (1995). Encyclopedia of Sherlock Holmes: A Complete Guide to the World of the Great Detective. London: Pavilion Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85793-502-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85793-502-0"><bdi>1-85793-502-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Sherlock+Holmes%3A+A+Complete+Guide+to+the+World+of+the+Great+Detective&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pavilion+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-85793-502-0&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=John+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSova2001" class="citation book cs1">Sova, Dawn B. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/edgarallanpoetoz0000sova">Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z</a> (Paperback ed.). New York: Checkmark Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-4161-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-4161-X"><bdi>0-8160-4161-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edgar+Allan+Poe%3A+A+to+Z&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Paperback&rft.pub=Checkmark+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8160-4161-X&rft.aulast=Sova&rft.aufirst=Dawn+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fedgarallanpoetoz0000sova&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarrett1993" class="citation book cs1">Starrett, Vincent (1993). The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes. London: Prentice Hall & IBD. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-883402-05-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-883402-05-1"><bdi>978-1-883402-05-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Private+Life+of+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall+%26+IBD&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-883402-05-1&rft.aulast=Starrett&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTracy1988" class="citation book cs1">Tracy, Jack (1988). The Sherlock Holmes Encyclopedia: Universal Dictionary of Sherlock Holmes. London: Crescent Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-65444-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-65444-X"><bdi>0-517-65444-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sherlock+Holmes+Encyclopedia%3A+Universal+Dictionary+of+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Crescent+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-517-65444-X&rft.aulast=Tracy&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTracy1996" class="citation book cs1">Tracy, Jack (1996). Subcutaneously, My Dear Watson: Sherlock Holmes and the Cocaine Habit. Bloomington, Ind.: Gaslight Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-934468-25-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-934468-25-7"><bdi>0-934468-25-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Subcutaneously%2C+My+Dear+Watson%3A+Sherlock+Holmes+and+the+Cocaine+Habit&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Ind.&rft.pub=Gaslight+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-934468-25-7&rft.aulast=Tracy&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner2007" class="citation book cs1">Wagner, E. J. (2007). La Scienza di Sherlock Holmes. Torino: Bollati Boringheri. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-12823-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-12823-7"><bdi>978-0-470-12823-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Scienza+di+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.place=Torino&rft.pub=Bollati+Boringheri&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-470-12823-7&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=E.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeller1993" class="citation book cs1">Weller, Philip (1993). The Life and Times of Sherlock Holmes. Simsbury: Bracken Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85891-106-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85891-106-0"><bdi>1-85891-106-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Times+of+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.place=Simsbury&rft.pub=Bracken+Books&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=1-85891-106-0&rft.aulast=Weller&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWexler2008" class="citation book cs1">Wexler, Bruce (2008). The Mysterious World of Sherlock Holmes. London: Running Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7624-3252-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7624-3252-3"><bdi>978-0-7624-3252-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mysterious+World+of+Sherlock+Holmes&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Running+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7624-3252-3&rft.aulast=Wexler&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Sherlock Holmes at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sherlock_Holmes" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Sherlock Holmes">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" class="extiw" title="c:Sherlock Holmes">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" class="extiw" title="q:Sherlock Holmes">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Arthur_Conan_Doyle/Sherlock_Holmes" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Arthur Conan Doyle/Sherlock Holmes">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4653" class="extiw" title="d:Q4653">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about Sherlock Holmes <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Sherlock+Holmes&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Sherlock+Holmes">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Sherlock+Holmes&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/collections/sherlock-holmes">A collection of Sherlock Holmes eBooks</a> at <a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.Sherlock-Holmes.co.uk">The Sherlock Holmes Museum</a> 221b Baker Street London NW1 6XE England.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/SherlockHolmes_201702">"Sherlock Holmes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. 8 July 1930.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archive&rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes&rft.date=1930-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FSherlockHolmes_201702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openplaques.org/people/2196">Sherlock Holmes plaques</a> on openplaques.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dickens.stanford.edu/sherlockholmes/index.html">Discovering Sherlock Holmes</a> at Stanford University</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/holmes.html">Chess and Sherlock Holmes</a> essay by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Winter_(chess_historian)" title="Edward Winter (chess historian)">Edward Winter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704240504574585840677394758">"The Burden of Holmes"</a> – 23.12.09 article in <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/author/d/doyle.html">Sir Arthur Conan Doyle audio books</a> by Lit2Go from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Florida" title="University of South Florida">University of South Florida</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output 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.portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/21px-Book_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/32px-Book_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/42px-Book_collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="238" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Novels" title="Portal:Novels">Novels</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/21px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/42px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/19px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/29px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/38px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster,_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/11px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/17px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/22px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="427" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:London" title="Portal:London">London</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:EnglandSouthEast.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/EnglandSouthEast.png/15px-EnglandSouthEast.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/EnglandSouthEast.png/23px-EnglandSouthEast.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/EnglandSouthEast.png/31px-EnglandSouthEast.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="247" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:South_East_England" title="Portal:South East England">South East England</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Scotland</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/19px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/29px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/38px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/19px-School.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/29px-School.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/38px-School.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Schools" title="Portal:Schools">Schools</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bibliotheksstempel_Bodleiana.jpg/19px-Bibliotheksstempel_Bodleiana.jpg" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bibliotheksstempel_Bodleiana.jpg/28px-Bibliotheksstempel_Bodleiana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bibliotheksstempel_Bodleiana.jpg/37px-Bibliotheksstempel_Bodleiana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="223" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:University_of_Oxford" title="Portal:University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Dragon-149393.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/18px-Dragon-149393.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/28px-Dragon-149393.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/37px-Dragon-149393.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="529" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Speculative_fiction" title="Portal:Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arthur_Conan_Doyle&#039;s_Sherlock_Holmes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sherlock_Holmes" title="Template:Sherlock Holmes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sherlock_Holmes" title="Template talk:Sherlock Holmes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sherlock_Holmes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sherlock Holmes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arthur_Conan_Doyle&#039;s_Sherlock_Holmes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a>'s <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sherlock Holmes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Canon of Sherlock Holmes">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes">Adaptations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_pastiches" title="Sherlock Holmes pastiches">Pastiches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_culture_references_to_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Popular culture references to Sherlock Holmes">Popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet" title="A Study in Scarlet">A Study in Scarlet</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_the_Four" title="The Sign of the Four">The Sign of the Four</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Valley_of_Fear" title="The Valley of Fear">The Valley of Fear</a> (1915)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Story collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes">The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Memoirs_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes">The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Return of Sherlock Holmes">The Return of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/His_Last_Bow" title="His Last Bow">His Last Bow</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Case-Book_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes">The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1927)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sherlock Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Watson" title="Dr. Watson">Dr. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professor_Moriarty" title="Professor Moriarty">Professor Moriarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspector_Lestrade" title="Inspector Lestrade">Inspector Lestrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycroft_Holmes" title="Mycroft Holmes">Mycroft Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrs._Hudson" title="Mrs. Hudson">Mrs. Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Adler" title="Irene Adler">Irene Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonel_Moran" title="Colonel Moran">Colonel Moran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Street_Irregulars" title="Baker Street Irregulars">Baker Street Irregulars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_Sherlock_Holmes_characters" title="Minor Sherlock Holmes characters">Minor characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uncollected stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Field_Bazaar" title="The Field Bazaar">The Field Bazaar</a>" (1896)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_the_Lost_Special" title="The Story of the Lost Special">The Story of the Lost Special</a>" (1898)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/How_Watson_Learned_the_Trick" title="How Watson Learned the Trick">How Watson Learned the Trick</a>" (1924)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/221B_Baker_Street" title="221B Baker Street">221B Baker Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baritsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Baritsu">Baritsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogenes_Club" title="Diogenes Club">Diogenes Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dynamics_of_an_Asteroid" title="The Dynamics of an Asteroid">The Dynamics of an Asteroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichenbach_Falls" title="Reichenbach Falls">Reichenbach Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Treatise_on_the_Binomial_Theorem" title="A Treatise on the Binomial Theorem">A Treatise on the Binomial Theorem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherlockian_game" title="Sherlockian game">Sherlockian game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Holmesian_studies" title="List of Holmesian studies">Holmesian studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Annotated_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes">The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Private_Life_of_Sherlock_Holmes_(book)" title="The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (book)">The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_Holmes_to_Sherlock" title="From Holmes to Sherlock">From Holmes to Sherlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Detective_(book)" title="The Great Detective (book)">The Great Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_Is_the_Best_Disguise" title="Naked Is the Best Disguise">Naked Is the Best Disguise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_fandom" title="Sherlock Holmes fandom">Sherlock Holmes fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlockiana" title="Sherlockiana">Sherlockiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum" title="Sherlock Holmes Museum">Sherlock Holmes Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Sherlock Holmes">The Sherlock Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Baker_Street_Irregulars" title="The Baker Street Irregulars">The Baker Street Irregulars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Baker_Street_Journal" title="The Baker Street Journal">The Baker Street Journal</a> </li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bootmakers_of_Toronto" title="The Bootmakers of Toronto">The Bootmakers of Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Paget" title="Sidney Paget">Sidney Paget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Strand_Magazine" title="The Strand Magazine">The Strand Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undershaw" title="Undershaw">Undershaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sherlock_Holmes" title="Category:Sherlock Holmes">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Screen_adaptations_of_Sherlock_Holmes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sherlock_Holmes_screen_adaptations" title="Template:Sherlock Holmes screen adaptations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sherlock_Holmes_screen_adaptations" title="Template talk:Sherlock Holmes screen adaptations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sherlock_Holmes_screen_adaptations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sherlock Holmes screen adaptations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Screen_adaptations_of_Sherlock_Holmes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Screen adaptations of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sherlock Holmes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theatrical films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Silent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Baffled" title="Sherlock Holmes Baffled">Sherlock Holmes Baffled</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes;_or,_Held_for_Ransom" title="Adventures of Sherlock Holmes; or, Held for Ransom">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes; or, Held for Ransom</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_in_the_Great_Murder_Mystery" title="Sherlock Holmes in the Great Murder Mystery">Sherlock Holmes in the Great Murder Mystery</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin_contra_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Arsène Lupin contra Sherlock Holmes">Arsène Lupin contra Sherlock Holmes</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(%C3%89clair_film_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (Éclair film series)">Éclair film series</a> (1912–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Hund_von_Baskerville" title="Der Hund von Baskerville">Der Hund von Baskerville</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detektiv_Braun" title="Detektiv Braun">Detektiv Braun</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet_(1914_British_film)" title="A Study in Scarlet (1914 British film)">A Study in Scarlet</a> (1914 British film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet_(1914_American_film)" title="A Study in Scarlet (1914 American film)">A Study in Scarlet</a> (1914 US film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Valley_of_Fear_(film)" title="The Valley of Fear (film)">The Valley of Fear</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1916_film)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1916 film)">Sherlock Holmes</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1922_film)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1922 film)">Sherlock Holmes</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1929_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1929 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a> (1929)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Stoll_series" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(Stoll_film_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (Stoll film series)">Stoll series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Dying_Detective_(film)" title="The Dying Detective (film)">The Dying Detective</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Devil%27s_Foot_(film)" title="The Devil's Foot (film)">The Devil's Foot</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Twisted_Lip_(film)" title="The Man with the Twisted Lip (film)">The Man with the Twisted Lip</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1921_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1921 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_Four_(1923_film)" title="The Sign of Four (1923 film)">The Sign of Four</a> (1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1931_film_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1931 film series)">Wontner series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Sleeping_Cardinal" title="The Sleeping Cardinal">The Sleeping Cardinal</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Missing_Rembrandt" title="The Missing Rembrandt">The Missing Rembrandt</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_Four_(1932_film)" title="The Sign of Four (1932 film)">The Sign of Four</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Triumph_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Triumph of Sherlock Holmes">The Triumph of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Blaze_(1937_film)" title="Silver Blaze (1937 film)">Silver Blaze</a> (1937)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1939_film_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1939 film series)">Rathbone–Bruce series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1939_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1939 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes_(film)" title="The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (film)">The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Voice_of_Terror" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror">Voice of Terror</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Secret_Weapon" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Secret Weapon">Secret Weapon</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_in_Washington" title="Sherlock Holmes in Washington">Sherlock Holmes in Washington</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Faces_Death" title="Sherlock Holmes Faces Death">Sherlock Holmes Faces Death</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Spider_Woman" title="The Spider Woman">The Spider Woman</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Scarlet_Claw" title="The Scarlet Claw">The Scarlet Claw</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pearl_of_Death" title="The Pearl of Death">The Pearl of Death</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_House_of_Fear_(1945_film)" title="The House of Fear (1945 film)">The House of Fear</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Woman_in_Green" title="The Woman in Green">The Woman in Green</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pursuit_to_Algiers" title="Pursuit to Algiers">Pursuit to Algiers</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terror_by_Night" title="Terror by Night">Terror by Night</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressed_to_Kill_(1946_film)" title="Dressed to Kill (1946 film)">Dressed to Kill</a> (1946)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Downey series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(2009_film)" title="Sherlock Holmes (2009 film)">Sherlock Holmes</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_A_Game_of_Shadows" title="Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows">A Game of Shadows</a> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Sherlock_Holmes_(1929_film)" title="The Return of Sherlock Holmes (1929 film)">The Return of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Limejuice_Mystery_or_Who_Spat_in_Grandfather%27s_Porridge%3F" title="The Limejuice Mystery or Who Spat in Grandfather's Porridge?">The Limejuice Mystery</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Speckled_Band_(1931_film)" title="The Speckled Band (1931 film)">The Speckled Band</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lel%C3%AD%C4%8Dek_in_the_Services_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Lelíček in the Services of Sherlock Holmes">Lelíček ve službách Sherlocka Holmese</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1932_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1932 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1932_film)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1932 film)">Sherlock Holmes</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet_(1933_film)" title="A Study in Scarlet (1933 film)">A Study in Scarlet</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1937_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1937 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grey_Lady_(film)" title="The Grey Lady (film)">The Grey Lady</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Was_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Man Who Was Sherlock Holmes">The Man Who Was Sherlock Holmes</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deduce,_You_Say!" title="Deduce, You Say!">Deduce, You Say!</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1959_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1959 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Deadly_Necklace" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Deadly Necklace">The Deadly Necklace</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Terror" title="A Study in Terror">A Study in Terror</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Private_Life_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes">The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/They_Might_Be_Giants_(film)" title="They Might Be Giants (film)">They Might Be Giants</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Sherlock_Holmes%27_Smarter_Brother" title="The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes' Smarter Brother">The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes' Smarter Brother</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seven-Per-Cent_Solution_(film)" title="The Seven-Per-Cent Solution (film)">The Seven-Per-Cent Solution</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1978_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1978 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_by_Decree" title="Murder by Decree">Murder by Decree</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Case_of_Marcel_Duchamp" title="The Case of Marcel Duchamp">The Case of Marcel Duchamp</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Young Sherlock Holmes">Young Sherlock Holmes</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Mouse_Detective" title="The Great Mouse Detective">The Great Mouse Detective</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Without_a_Clue" title="Without a Clue">Without a Clue</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_Effect" title="Zero Effect">Zero Effect</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Samba_for_Sherlock" title="A Samba for Sherlock">A Samba for Sherlock</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Closed:_The_Phantom_of_Baker_Street" title="Case Closed: The Phantom of Baker Street">Case Closed: The Phantom of Baker Street</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmes_%26_Watson._Madrid_Days" title="Holmes & Watson. Madrid Days">Holmes & Watson. Madrid Days</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Holmes" title="Mr. Holmes">Mr. Holmes</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_of_Corpses" title="The Empire of Corpses">The Empire of Corpses</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Gnomes" title="Sherlock Gnomes">Sherlock Gnomes</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmes_%26_Watson" title="Holmes & Watson">Holmes & Watson</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Great_Escape" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Great Escape">Sherlock Holmes and the Great Escape</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television/ streaming/ direct-to-video</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ian Richardson</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_Four_(1983_film)" title="The Sign of Four (1983 film)">The Sign of Four</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1983_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1983 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peter O'Toole (animated)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sherlock Holmes and a Study in Scarlet (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Baskerville_Curse" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Baskerville Curse">Sherlock Holmes and the Baskerville Curse</a> (1983)</li> <li>Sherlock Holmes and the Sign of Four (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Valley_of_Fear" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Valley of Fear">Sherlock Holmes and the Valley of Fear</a> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes_and_Dr._Watson" title="The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson">Vasily Livanov series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_Dr._Watson" title="Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson">Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes_and_Dr._Watson_(film)" title="The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson (film)">The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1981_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1981 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Treasures_of_Agra" title="The Treasures of Agra">The Treasures of Agra</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Twentieth_Century_Approaches" title="The Twentieth Century Approaches">The Twentieth Century Approaches</a> (1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christopher Lee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Leading_Lady" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Leading Lady">The Leading Lady</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incident_at_Victoria_Falls" title="Incident at Victoria Falls">Incident at Victoria Falls</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Matt Frewer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(2000_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (2000 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_Four_(2001_film)" title="The Sign of Four (2001 film)">The Sign of Four</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Scandal" title="The Royal Scandal">The Royal Scandal</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Case_of_the_Whitechapel_Vampire" title="The Case of the Whitechapel Vampire">The Case of the Whitechapel Vampire</a> (2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ian Hart (as Watson)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(2002_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (2002 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Case_of_the_Silk_Stocking" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Case of the Silk Stocking">The Case of the Silk Stocking</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Garridebs" title="The Three Garridebs">The Three Garridebs</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Disappeared_(1951_film)" title="The Man Who Disappeared (1951 film)">The Man Who Disappeared</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1972_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1972 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Longing_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Longing of Sherlock Holmes">The Longing of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Watson_and_the_Darkwater_Hall_Mystery" title="Doctor Watson and the Darkwater Hall Mystery">Doctor Watson and the Darkwater Hall Mystery</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_World%27s_Greatest_Detective" title="The Return of the World's Greatest Detective">The Return of the World's Greatest Detective</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_in_New_York" title="Sherlock Holmes in New York">Sherlock Holmes in New York</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Blaze_(1977_film)" title="Silver Blaze (1977 film)">Silver Blaze</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Strange_Case_of_the_End_of_Civilisation_as_We_Know_It" title="The Strange Case of the End of Civilisation as We Know It">The Strange Case of the End of Civilisation as We Know It</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(TV_serial)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (TV serial)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Masks_of_Death" title="The Masks of Death">The Masks of Death</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Sherlock_Holmes_(1987_film)" title="The Return of Sherlock Holmes (1987 film)">The Return of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hands_of_a_Murderer" title="Hands of a Murderer">Hands of a Murderer</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crucifer_of_Blood" title="The Crucifer of Blood">The Crucifer of Blood</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Baker_Street:_Sherlock_Holmes_Returns" title="1994 Baker Street: Sherlock Holmes Returns">1994 Baker Street: Sherlock Holmes Returns</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_London" title="The Hound of London">The Hound of London</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock:_Case_of_Evil" title="Sherlock: Case of Evil">Sherlock: Case of Evil</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Baker_Street_Irregulars" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Baker Street Irregulars">Sherlock Holmes and the Baker Street Irregulars</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(2010_film)" title="Sherlock Holmes (2010 film)">Sherlock Holmes</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_and_Jerry_Meet_Sherlock_Holmes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom and Jerry Meet Sherlock Holmes">Tom and Jerry Meet Sherlock Holmes</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1951_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1951 TV series)">Sherlock Holmes</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1954_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1954 TV series)">Sherlock Holmes</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1965_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1965 TV series)">Sherlock Holmes</a> (1965–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1967_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1967 TV series)">Sherlock Holmes</a> (1967–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1968_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1968 TV series)">Sherlock Holmes</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_Doctor_Watson" title="Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson">Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson</a> (1979–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Sherlock:_The_Mystery_of_the_Manor_House" title="Young Sherlock: The Mystery of the Manor House">Young Sherlock: The Mystery of the Manor House</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Baker_Street_Boys" title="The Baker Street Boys">The Baker Street Boys</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Hound" title="Sherlock Hound">Sherlock Hound</a> (1984–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1984_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series)">Sherlock Holmes</a> (1984–1994) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sherlock_Holmes_episodes" title="List of Sherlock Holmes episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Shirley_Holmes" title="The Adventures of Shirley Holmes">The Adventures of Shirley Holmes</a> (1997–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_in_the_22nd_Century" title="Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century">Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century</a> (1999–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_(TV_series)" title="Sherlock (TV series)">Sherlock</a> (2010–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantei_Opera_Milky_Holmes" title="Tantei Opera Milky Holmes">Tantei Opera Milky Holmes</a> (2010–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aria_the_Scarlet_Ammo" title="Aria the Scarlet Ammo">Aria the Scarlet Ammo</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elementary_(TV_series)" title="Elementary (TV series)">Elementary</a> (2012–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(2013_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (2013 TV series)">Sherlock Holmes</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(2014_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (2014 TV series)">Sherlock Holmes</a> (2014–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Sherlock" title="Miss Sherlock">Miss Sherlock</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock:_Untold_Stories" title="Sherlock: Untold Stories">Sherlock: Untold Stories</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_File_n%C2%BA221:_Kabukicho" title="Case File nº221: Kabukicho">Case File nº221: Kabukicho</a> (2019–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriarty_the_Patriot" title="Moriarty the Patriot">Moriarty the Patriot</a> (2020–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_in_Russia" title="Sherlock in Russia">Sherlock in Russia</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Irregulars" title="The Irregulars">The Irregulars</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mademoiselle_Holmes" title="Mademoiselle Holmes">Mademoiselle Holmes</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_%26_Daughter" title="Sherlock & Daughter">Sherlock & Daughter</a> (2025; upcoming)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watson_(TV_series)" title="Watson (TV series)">Watson</a> (2025; upcoming)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Sherlock_(British_TV_series)" title="Young Sherlock (British TV series)">Young Sherlock</a> (2025; upcoming)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Actors by role</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_who_have_played_Sherlock_Holmes" title="List of actors who have played Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_who_have_played_Dr._Watson" title="List of actors who have played Dr. Watson">Dr. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_who_have_played_Inspector_Lestrade" title="List of actors who have played Inspector Lestrade">Inspector Lestrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_who_have_played_Mycroft_Holmes" title="List of actors who have played Mycroft Holmes">Mycroft Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_who_have_played_Mrs._Hudson" title="List of actors who have played Mrs. Hudson">Mrs. Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_who_have_played_Professor_Moriarty" title="List of actors who have played Professor Moriarty">Professor Moriarty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sherlock_Holmes_franchise_media" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sherlock_Holmes_other_media" title="Template:Sherlock Holmes other media"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sherlock_Holmes_other_media" title="Template talk:Sherlock Holmes other media"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sherlock_Holmes_other_media" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sherlock Holmes other media"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sherlock_Holmes_franchise_media" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sherlock Holmes</a> franchise media</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_authors_of_new_Sherlock_Holmes_stories" title="List of authors of new Sherlock Holmes stories">Authors</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(play)" title="Sherlock Holmes (play)">Sherlock Holmes</a> (1899 play)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Burglar_and_the_Lady" title="The Burglar and the Lady">The Burglar and the Lady</a> (1905 play)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Speckled_Band_(play)" title="The Speckled Band (play)">The Speckled Band</a> (1910 play)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Sherlock_Holmes_(play)" title="The Return of Sherlock Holmes (play)">The Return of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1923 play)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Street_(musical)" title="Baker Street (musical)">Baker Street</a> (1965 musical)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Musical" title="Sherlock Holmes: The Musical">Sherlock Holmes: The Musical</a> (1988 musical)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baskerville:_A_Sherlock_Holmes_Mystery" title="Baskerville: A Sherlock Holmes Mystery">Baskerville: A Sherlock Holmes Mystery</a> (2015 play)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes_(radio_series)" title="The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (radio series)">The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1930–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes">The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1939–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1952_radio_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1952 radio series)">Sherlock Holmes</a> (1952–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1989_radio_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1989 radio series)">Sherlock Holmes</a> (1989–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagination_Theatre" title="Imagination Theatre">Imagination Theatre</a> (1998–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Newly_Discovered_Casebook_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Newly Discovered Casebook of Sherlock Holmes">The Newly Discovered Casebook of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Further_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes">The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a> (2002–2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Tiger_of_San_Pedro" title="The Tiger of San Pedro">The Tiger of San Pedro</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_the_Giant_Rat_of_Sumatra" title="The Tale of the Giant Rat of Sumatra">The Tale of the Giant Rat of Sumatra</a> (1974 parody album)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(soundtrack)" title="Sherlock Holmes (soundtrack)">Sherlock Holmes</a> (2009 soundtrack)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_A_Game_of_Shadows_(soundtrack)" title="Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows (soundtrack)">Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows</a> (2011 soundtrack)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes,_London" title="Statue of Sherlock Holmes, London">Statue in London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Street_(comics)" title="Baker Street (comics)">Baker Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Undead" title="Victorian Undead">Victorian Undead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mystique_(character)" title="Mystique (character)">Mystique (Sherlock Holmes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destiny_(Irene_Adler)" title="Destiny (Irene Adler)">Destiny (Irene Adler)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadpool_Killustrated" class="mw-redirect" title="Deadpool Killustrated">Deadpool Killustrated</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/221B_Baker_Street_(board_game)" title="221B Baker Street (board game)">221B Baker Street</a> (board game)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_Consulting_Detective_(gamebook)" title="Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective (gamebook)">Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective</a> (gamebook)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Literary_pastiches_of_Sherlock_Holmes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sherlock_Holmes_by_others" title="Template:Sherlock Holmes by others"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sherlock_Holmes_by_others" title="Template talk:Sherlock Holmes by others"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sherlock_Holmes_by_others" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sherlock Holmes by others"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Literary_pastiches_of_Sherlock_Holmes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_authors_of_new_Sherlock_Holmes_stories" title="List of authors of new Sherlock Holmes stories">Literary pastiches</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sherlock Holmes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Exploits_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes">The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes</a> by <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Conan_Doyle" title="Adrian Conan Doyle">Adrian Conan Doyle</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Dickson_Carr" title="John Dickson Carr">John Dickson Carr</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Seven_Clocks" title="The Adventure of the Seven Clocks">The Adventure of the Seven Clocks</a>" (1952)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Gold_Hunter" title="The Adventure of the Gold Hunter">The Adventure of the Gold Hunter</a>" (1953)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Wax_Gamblers" title="The Adventure of the Wax Gamblers">The Adventure of the Wax Gamblers</a>" (1953)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Highgate_Miracle" title="The Adventure of the Highgate Miracle">The Adventure of the Highgate Miracle</a>" (1953)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Black_Baronet" title="The Adventure of the Black Baronet">The Adventure of the Black Baronet</a>" (1953)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Sealed_Room" title="The Adventure of the Sealed Room">The Adventure of the Sealed Room</a>" (1953)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Foulkes_Rath" title="The Adventure of Foulkes Rath">The Adventure of Foulkes Rath</a>" (1953)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Abbas_Ruby" title="The Adventure of the Abbas Ruby">The Adventure of the Abbas Ruby</a>" (1953)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Dark_Angels" title="The Adventure of the Dark Angels">The Adventure of the Dark Angels</a>" (1953)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Two_Women" title="The Adventure of the Two Women">The Adventure of the Two Women</a>" (1953)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Deptford_Horror" title="The Adventure of the Deptford Horror">The Adventure of the Deptford Horror</a>" (1953)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Red_Widow" title="The Adventure of the Red Widow">The Adventure of the Red Widow</a>" (1953)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Meyer" title="Nicholas Meyer">Nicholas Meyer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Seven-Per-Cent_Solution" title="The Seven-Per-Cent Solution">The Seven-Per-Cent Solution</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_West_End_Horror" title="The West End Horror">The West End Horror</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Canary_Trainer" title="The Canary Trainer">The Canary Trainer</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Peculiar_Protocols" title="The Adventure of the Peculiar Protocols">The Adventure of the Peculiar Protocols</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_Pharaoh" title="The Return of the Pharaoh">The Return of the Pharaoh</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Loren_D._Estleman" title="Loren D. Estleman">Loren D. Estleman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_vs._Dracula" title="Sherlock Holmes vs. Dracula">Sherlock Holmes vs. Dracula</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Jekyll_and_Mr._Holmes" title="Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Holmes">Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Holmes</a> (1979)</li> <li>The Perils of Sherlock Holmes (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hardwick" title="Michael Hardwick">Michael Hardwick</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Prisoner_of_the_Devil" title="The Prisoner of the Devil">The Prisoner of the Devil</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revenge_of_the_Hound" title="The Revenge of the Hound">The Revenge of the Hound</a> (1987)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/David_Stuart_Davies" title="David Stuart Davies">David Stuart Davies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sherlock Holmes and the Hentzau Affair (1991)</li> <li>The Tangled Skein (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Scroll_of_the_Dead" title="The Scroll of the Dead">The Scroll of the Dead</a> (1998)</li> <li>Shadow of the Rat (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Veiled_Detective" title="The Veiled Detective">The Veiled Detective</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Devil%27s_Promise" title="The Devil's Promise">The Devil's Promise</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ripper_Legacy" title="The Ripper Legacy">The Ripper Legacy</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Barrie_Roberts" title="Barrie Roberts">Barrie Roberts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Railway_Maniac" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Railway Maniac">Sherlock Holmes and the Railway Maniac</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Man_from_Hell" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Man from Hell">Sherlock Holmes and the Man from Hell</a> (1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Russell_(character)" title="Mary Russell (character)">Mary Russell</a> series by <a href="/wiki/Laurie_R._King" title="Laurie R. King">Laurie R. King</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beekeeper%27s_Apprentice" title="The Beekeeper's Apprentice">The Beekeeper's Apprentice</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Monstrous_Regiment_of_Women" title="A Monstrous Regiment of Women">A Monstrous Regiment of Women</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Letter_of_Mary" title="A Letter of Mary">A Letter of Mary</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Moor_(novel)" title="The Moor (novel)">The Moor</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Jerusalem_(novel)" title="O Jerusalem (novel)">O Jerusalem</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Hall_(novel)" title="Justice Hall (novel)">Justice Hall</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Game_(King_novel)" title="The Game (King novel)">The Game</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locked_Rooms" title="Locked Rooms">Locked Rooms</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Language_of_Bees" title="The Language of Bees">The Language of Bees</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_God_of_the_Hive" title="The God of the Hive">The God of the Hive</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_King_(novel)" title="Pirate King (novel)">Pirate King</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garment_of_Shadows" title="Garment of Shadows">Garment of Shadows</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreaming_Spies" title="Dreaming Spies">Dreaming Spies</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Murder_of_Mary_Russell" title="The Murder of Mary Russell">The Murder of Mary Russell</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_of_the_Mad" title="Island of the Mad">Island of the Mad</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Serrell_Thomas" title="Donald Serrell Thomas">Donald Serrell Thomas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The Secret Cases of Sherlock Holmes (1997)</li> <li>Sherlock Holmes and the Running Noose (2001)</li> <li>The Execution of Sherlock Holmes (2007)</li> <li>Sherlock Holmes and the King's Evil (2009)</li> <li>Sherlock Holmes and the Ghosts of Bly (2010)</li> <li>The Lost Casebooks of Sherlock Holmes (2012)</li> <li>Death on a Pale Horse: Sherlock Holmes on Her Majesty's Secret Service (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Lyndsay_Faye" title="Lyndsay Faye">Lyndsay Faye</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dust_and_Shadow" title="Dust and Shadow">Dust and Shadow: An Account of the Ripper Killings by Dr. John H. Watson</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Whole_Art_of_Detection:_Lost_Mysteries_of_Sherlock_Holmes" class="mw-redirect" title="The Whole Art of Detection: Lost Mysteries of Sherlock Holmes">The Whole Art of Detection: Lost Mysteries of Sherlock Holmes</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Young_Sherlock_Holmes_(books)" title="Young Sherlock Holmes (books)">Young Sherlock Holmes</a> by <a href="/wiki/Andy_Lane" title="Andy Lane">Andy Lane</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Sherlock_Holmes:_Death_Cloud" title="Young Sherlock Holmes: Death Cloud">Death Cloud</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Sherlock_Holmes:_Red_Leech" title="Young Sherlock Holmes: Red Leech">Red Leech</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Sherlock_Holmes:_Black_Ice" title="Young Sherlock Holmes: Black Ice">Black Ice</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Sherlock_Holmes:_Fire_Storm" title="Young Sherlock Holmes: Fire Storm">Fire Storm</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Sherlock_Holmes:_Snake_Bite" title="Young Sherlock Holmes: Snake Bite">Snake Bite</a> (2012)</li> <li>Knife Edge (2013)</li> <li>Stone Cold (2014)</li> <li>Night Break (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Guy_Adams" title="Guy Adams">Guy Adams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Breath_of_God" title="Sherlock Holmes: The Breath of God">The Breath of God</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Army_of_Dr._Moreau" title="Sherlock Holmes: The Army of Dr. Moreau">The Army of Dr. Moreau</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Horowitz" title="Anthony Horowitz">Anthony Horowitz</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_House_of_Silk" title="The House of Silk">The House of Silk</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriarty_(novel)" title="Moriarty (novel)">Moriarty</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Newman" title="Kim Newman">Kim Newman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moriarty:_The_Hound_of_the_D%27Urbervilles" title="Moriarty: The Hound of the D'Urbervilles">Moriarty: The Hound of the D'Urbervilles</a> (2011)</li> <li>The Man From The Diogenes Club (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar" title="Kareem Abdul-Jabbar">Kareem Abdul-Jabbar</a> and Anna Waterhouse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mycroft_Holmes_(novel)" title="Mycroft Holmes (novel)">Mycroft Holmes</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycroft_and_Sherlock" title="Mycroft and Sherlock">Mycroft and Sherlock</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycroft_and_Sherlock:_The_Empty_Birdcage" title="Mycroft and Sherlock: The Empty Birdcage">Mycroft and Sherlock: The Empty Birdcage</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/James_Lovegrove" title="James Lovegrove">James Lovegrove</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The Stuff of Nightmares (2013)</li> <li>Gods of War (2014)</li> <li>The Thinking Engine (2015)</li> <li>The Labyrinth of Death (2017)</li> <li>The Devil's Dust (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Shadwell_Shadows" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Shadwell Shadows">Sherlock Holmes and the Shadwell Shadows</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Miskatonic_Monstrosities" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Miskatonic Monstrosities">Sherlock Holmes and the Miskatonic Monstrosities</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Sussex_Sea-Devils" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Sussex Sea-Devils">Sherlock Holmes and the Sussex Sea-Devils</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Christmas_Demon" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Christmas Demon">Sherlock Holmes and the Christmas Demon</a> (2019)</li> <li>Sherlock Holmes and the Beast of the Stapletons (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_%26_The_Three_Winter_Terrors" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherlock Holmes & The Three Winter Terrors">Sherlock Holmes & The Three Winter Terrors</a> (2021)</li> <li>Sherlock Holmes & The Highgate Horrors (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Cavan_Scott" title="Cavan Scott">Cavan Scott</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sherlock Holmes: The Patchwork Devil (2016)</li> <li>Sherlock Holmes: Cry of the Innocents (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Lady Sherlock Series by <a href="/wiki/Sherry_Thomas" title="Sherry Thomas">Sherry Thomas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet_Women" title="A Study in Scarlet Women">A Study in Scarlet Women</a> (2016)</li> <li>A Conspiracy in Belgravia (2017)</li> <li>The Hollow of Fear (2018)</li> <li>The Art of Theft (2019)</li> <li>Murder on Cold Street (2020)</li> <li>Miss Moriarty, I Presume? (2021)</li> <li>A Tempest at Sea (2023)</li> <li>A Ruse of Shadows (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sherlock Holmes in Minnesota by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Millett" title="Larry Millett">Larry Millett</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sherlock Holmes and the Red Demon (1996)</li> <li>Sherlock Holmes and the Ice Palace Murders (1998)</li> <li>Sherlock Holmes and the Rune Stone Mystery (1999)</li> <li>Sherlock Holmes and the Secret Alliance (2001)</li> <li>The Disappearance of Sherlock Holmes (2012)</li> <li>Sherlock Holmes and the Eisendorf Enigma (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Pursuit_of_the_House-Boat" title="The Pursuit of the House-Boat">The Pursuit of the House-Boat</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Double_Barrelled_Detective_Story" title="A Double Barrelled Detective Story">A Double Barrelled Detective Story</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin_versus_Herlock_Sholmes" title="Arsène Lupin versus Herlock Sholmes">Arsène Lupin versus Herlock Sholmes</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_of_Baker_Street" title="Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street">Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ultimate_Crime" title="The Ultimate Crime">The Ultimate Crime</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Sherlock_Holmes_Story" title="The Last Sherlock Holmes Story">The Last Sherlock Holmes Story</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Whitechapel_Horrors" title="The Whitechapel Horrors">The Whitechapel Horrors</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Consuming_Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Consuming Fire">All-Consuming Fire</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Strange_Case_of_Mrs._Hudson%27s_Cat" title="The Strange Case of Mrs. Hudson's Cat">The Strange Case of Mrs. Hudson's Cat</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mandala_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Mandala of Sherlock Holmes">The Mandala of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadows_Over_Baker_Street" title="Shadows Over Baker Street">Shadows Over Baker Street</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Solution_(novel)" title="The Final Solution (novel)">The Final Solution</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Slight_Trick_of_the_Mind" title="A Slight Trick of the Mind">A Slight Trick of the Mind</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Italian_Secretary" title="The Italian Secretary">The Italian Secretary</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Unauthorized_Biography" title="Sherlock Holmes: The Unauthorized Biography">Sherlock Holmes: The Unauthorized Biography</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Was_Wrong" title="Sherlock Holmes Was Wrong">Sherlock Holmes Was Wrong</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_of_Reichenbach_Falls" title="The Shadow of Reichenbach Falls">The Shadow of Reichenbach Falls</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Man%27s_Land" title="Dead Man's Land">Dead Man's Land</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Albino%27s_Treasure" title="The Albino's Treasure">The Albino's Treasure</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Servants_of_Hell" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Servants of Hell">Sherlock Holmes and the Servants of Hell</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Counterfeit_Detective" title="The Counterfeit Detective">The Counterfeit Detective</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Doctor%27s_Case" title="The Doctor's Case">The Doctor's Case</a>" (1987)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Emerald" title="A Study in Emerald">A Study in Emerald</a>" (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novel series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Enola_Holmes_Mysteries" title="The Enola Holmes Mysteries">The Enola Holmes Mysteries</a> (2006–10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Boy_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Boy Sherlock Holmes">The Boy Sherlock Holmes</a> (2007–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaslight_series" title="Gaslight series">Gaslight series</a> (2008–18)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parody</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Misadventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Misadventures of Sherlock Holmes">The Misadventures of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fossil_Island" title="The Fossil Island">The Fossil Island</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Peerless_Peer" title="The Adventure of the Peerless Peer">The Adventure of the Peerless Peer</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everybody%27s_Favorite_Duck" title="Everybody's Favorite Duck">Everybody's Favorite Duck</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Newton:_Victorian_Mysteries" title="Lizzie Newton: Victorian Mysteries">Lizzie Newton: Victorian Mysteries</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Bones" title="Sherlock Bones">Sherlock Bones</a> (2011–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Pons" title="Solar Pons">Solar Pons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoker_and_Holmes" title="Stoker and Holmes">Stoker and Holmes</a> (2013–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_game_adaptations_of_Sherlock_Holmes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sherlock_Holmes_video_games" title="Template:Sherlock Holmes video games"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sherlock_Holmes_video_games" title="Template talk:Sherlock Holmes video games"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sherlock_Holmes_video_games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sherlock Holmes video games"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Video_game_adaptations_of_Sherlock_Holmes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Video game adaptations of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sherlock Holmes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individual games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_(video_game)" title="Sherlock (video game)">Sherlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_of_Sherlock" title="Robin of Sherlock">Robin of Sherlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_Hakushaku_Reij%C5%8D_Y%C5%ABkai_Jiken" title="Sherlock Holmes: Hakushaku Reijō Yūkai Jiken">Sherlock Holmes: Hakushaku Reijō Yūkai Jiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Sherlock:_The_Legacy_of_Doyle" title="Young Sherlock: The Legacy of Doyle">Young Sherlock: The Legacy of Doyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/221B_Baker_Street_(video_game)" title="221B Baker Street (video game)">221B Baker Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock:_The_Riddle_of_the_Crown_Jewels" title="Sherlock: The Riddle of the Crown Jewels">Sherlock: The Riddle of the Crown Jewels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitantei_Holmes:_M-Kara_no_Chousenjou" title="Meitantei Holmes: M-Kara no Chousenjou">Meitantei Holmes: M-Kara no Chousenjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Detective_Mysteria" title="London Detective Mysteria">London Detective Mysteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code:_Realize" title="Code: Realize">Code: Realize</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consulting Detective</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_Consulting_Detective" title="Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective">Consulting Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_Consulting_Detective_Vol._II" title="Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective Vol. II">Consulting Detective Vol. II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_Consulting_Detective_Vol._III" title="Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective Vol. III">Consulting Detective Vol. III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Files_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes">The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Files_of_Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Case_of_the_Rose_Tattoo" title="The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Rose Tattoo">The Case of the Rose Tattoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frogwares" title="Frogwares">Frogwares</a>' <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(video_game_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (video game series)">Sherlock Holmes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Mystery_of_the_Mummy" title="Sherlock Holmes: The Mystery of the Mummy">The Mystery of the Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Case_of_the_Silver_Earring" title="Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Silver Earring">The Case of the Silver Earring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Awakened" title="Sherlock Holmes: The Awakened">The Awakened</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Versus_Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin" title="Sherlock Holmes Versus Arsène Lupin">Versus Arsène Lupin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Versus_Jack_the_Ripper" title="Sherlock Holmes Versus Jack the Ripper">Versus Jack the Ripper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Mystery_of_Osborne_House" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Mystery of Osborne House">The Mystery of Osborne House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Testament_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Testament of Sherlock Holmes">The Testament of Sherlock Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles#Video_games" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_Crimes_%26_Punishments" title="Sherlock Holmes: Crimes & Punishments">Crimes & Punishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Devil%27s_Daughter" title="Sherlock Holmes: The Devil's Daughter">The Devil's Daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Chapter_One" title="Sherlock Holmes Chapter One">Chapter One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Awakened_(2023_video_game)" title="Sherlock Holmes: The Awakened (2023 video game)">The Awakened</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Ace_Attorney_Chronicles" title="The Great Ace Attorney Chronicles">The Great Ace Attorney</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Ace_Attorney:_Adventures" title="The Great Ace Attorney: Adventures">The Great Ace Attorney: Adventures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herlock_Sholmes_(Ace_Attorney)" title="Herlock Sholmes (Ace Attorney)">Herlock Sholmes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Ace_Attorney_2:_Resolve" title="The Great Ace Attorney 2: Resolve">The Great Ace Attorney 2: Resolve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arthur_Conan_Doyle" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Template:Arthur Conan Doyle"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Template talk:Arthur Conan Doyle"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arthur Conan Doyle"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arthur_Conan_Doyle" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle_bibliography" title="Arthur Conan Doyle bibliography">Bibliography</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sherlock Holmes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canon_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Canon of Sherlock Holmes">canon</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet" title="A Study in Scarlet">A Study in Scarlet</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_the_Four" title="The Sign of the Four">The Sign of the Four</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes">The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Memoirs_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes">The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Return of Sherlock Holmes">The Return of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Valley_of_Fear" title="The Valley of Fear">The Valley of Fear</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/His_Last_Bow" title="His Last Bow">His Last Bow</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Case-Book_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes">The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes</a> (1927)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Professor_Challenger" title="Professor Challenger">Professor Challenger</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World_(Doyle_novel)" title="The Lost World (Doyle novel)">The Lost World</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Poison_Belt" title="The Poison Belt">The Poison Belt</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Land_of_Mist" title="The Land of Mist">The Land of Mist</a> (1926)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/When_the_World_Screamed" title="When the World Screamed">When the World Screamed</a>" (1928)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Disintegration_Machine" title="The Disintegration Machine">The Disintegration Machine</a>" (1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Narrative_of_John_Smith" title="The Narrative of John Smith">The Narrative of John Smith</a> (1883) [2011]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mystery_of_Cloomber" title="The Mystery of Cloomber">The Mystery of Cloomber</a> (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_Clarke" title="Micah Clarke">Micah Clarke</a> (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Firm_of_Girdlestone" title="The Firm of Girdlestone">The Firm of Girdlestone</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_White_Company" title="The White Company">The White Company</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Doings_of_Raffles_Haw" title="The Doings of Raffles Haw">The Doings of Raffles Haw</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyond_the_City" title="Beyond the City">Beyond the City</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Shadow" title="The Great Shadow">The Great Shadow</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Refugees_(novel)" title="The Refugees (novel)">The Refugees</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Parasite" title="The Parasite">The Parasite</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stark_Munro_Letters" title="The Stark Munro Letters">The Stark Munro Letters</a> (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_Gerard" title="Brigadier Gerard">The Exploits of Brigadier Gerard</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Stone" title="Rodney Stone">Rodney Stone</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_the_Korosko" title="The Tragedy of the Korosko">The Tragedy of the Korosko</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Duet,_with_an_Occasional_Chorus" title="A Duet, with an Occasional Chorus">A Duet, with an Occasional Chorus</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_Gerard" title="Brigadier Gerard">Adventures of Gerard</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Nigel" title="Sir Nigel">Sir Nigel</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Maracot_Deep" title="The Maracot Deep">The Maracot Deep</a> (1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/J._Habakuk_Jephson%27s_Statement" title="J. Habakuk Jephson's Statement">J. Habakuk Jephson's Statement</a>" (1884)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lot_No._249" title="Lot No. 249">Lot No. 249</a>" (1892)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Case_of_Lady_Sannox" title="The Case of Lady Sannox">The Case of Lady Sannox</a>" (1893)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Club-Footed_Grocer" title="The Club-Footed Grocer">The Club-Footed Grocer</a>" (1898)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Brown_Hand" title="The Brown Hand">The Brown Hand</a>" (1899)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Terror_of_Blue_John_Gap" title="The Terror of Blue John Gap">The Terror of Blue John Gap</a>" (1910)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Horror_of_the_Heights" title="The Horror of the Heights">The Horror of the Heights</a>" (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danger!_and_Other_Stories" title="Danger! and Other Stories">Danger! and Other Stories</a> (1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Inner_Room" title="The Inner Room">The Inner Room</a>" (1898)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Crime_of_the_Congo" title="The Crime of the Congo">The Crime of the Congo</a>" (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vital_Message" title="The Vital Message">The Vital Message</a> (1919)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FairyTale:_A_True_Story" title="FairyTale: A True Story">FairyTale: A True Story</a> (1997 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographing_Fairies" title="Photographing Fairies">Photographing Fairies</a> (1997 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_%26_George_(miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur & George (miniseries)">Arthur & George</a> (2015 miniseries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houdini_%26_Doyle" title="Houdini & Doyle">Houdini & Doyle</a> (2016 miniseries)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Conan_Doyle" title="Adrian Conan Doyle">Adrian Conan Doyle</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Conan_Doyle" title="Jean Conan Doyle">Jean Conan Doyle</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Altamont_Doyle" title="Charles Altamont Doyle">Charles Altamont Doyle</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Doyle_(Irish_artist)" title="John Doyle (Irish artist)">John Doyle</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Wyrley#The_'Great_Wyrley_Outrages'" title="Great Wyrley">The Great Wyrley Outrages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undershaw" title="Undershaw">Undershaw</a> (home)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_animated_works_of_Burbank_Films_Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Burbank" title="Template:Burbank"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Burbank" title="Template talk:Burbank"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Burbank" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Burbank"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_animated_works_of_Burbank_Films_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The animated works of <a href="/wiki/Burbank_Animation_Studios" title="Burbank Animation Studios">Burbank Films Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a> Animated Classics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Twist_(1982_Australian_film)" title="Oliver Twist (1982 Australian film)">Oliver Twist</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol_(1982_film)" title="A Christmas Carol (1982 film)">A Christmas Carol</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Expectations_(1983_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Expectations (1983 film) (page does not exist)">Great Expectations</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Copperfield_(1983_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Copperfield (1983 film) (page does not exist)">David Copperfield</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Curiosity_Shop_(1984_film)" title="The Old Curiosity Shop (1984 film)">The Old Curiosity Shop</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Tale_of_Two_Cities_(1984_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Tale of Two Cities (1984 film) (page does not exist)">A Tale of Two Cities</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Nickleby_(1985_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Nickleby (1985 film) (page does not exist)">Nicholas Nickleby</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pickwick_Papers_(1985_film)" title="The Pickwick Papers (1985 film)">The Pickwick Papers</a> (1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sherlock Holmes</a> Animated Classics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sherlock_Holmes_and_a_Study_in_Scarlet_(1983_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sherlock Holmes and a Study in Scarlet (1983 film) (page does not exist)">Sherlock Holmes and a Study in Scarlet</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Baskerville_Curse" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Baskerville Curse">Sherlock Holmes and the Baskerville Curse</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Sign_of_Four_(1983_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Sign of Four (1983 film) (page does not exist)">Sherlock Holmes and the Sign of Four</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Valley_of_Fear" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Valley of Fear">Sherlock Holmes and the Valley of Fear</a> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary Animated Classics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20,000_Leagues_Under_the_Sea_(1985_film)" title="20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1985 film)">20,000 Leagues Under the Sea</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood_(1984_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robin Hood (1984 film)">The Adventures of Robin Hood</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_in_the_Iron_Mask_(1985_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Man in the Iron Mask (1985 film)">The Man in the Iron Mask</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Jekyll_and_Mr._Hyde_(1986_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1986 film)">Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivanhoe_(1986_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivanhoe (1986 film) (page does not exist)">Ivanhoe</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapped_(1986_film)" title="Kidnapped (1986 film)">Kidnapped</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Solomon%27s_Mines_(1986_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King Solomon's Mines (1986 film) (page does not exist)">King Solomon's Mines</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Adventures_of_Tom_Sawyer_(1986_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1986 film) (page does not exist)">The Adventures of Tom Sawyer</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre_Dame_(1986_film)" title="The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1986 film)">The Hunchback of Notre Dame</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers_(1986_film)" title="The Three Musketeers (1986 film)">The Three Musketeers</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Beauty_(1987_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Beauty (1987 film)">Black Beauty</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote_of_La_Mancha_(1987_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Don Quixote of La Mancha (1987 film) (page does not exist)">Don Quixote of La Mancha</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob_Roy_(1987_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rob Roy (1987 film) (page does not exist)">Rob Roy</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Last_of_the_Mohicans_(1987_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Last of the Mohicans (1987 film) (page does not exist)">The Last of the Mohicans</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Odyssey_(1987_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Odyssey (1987 film) (page does not exist)">The Odyssey</a> (1987)</li> <li>Treasure Island (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1988_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1988 film)">Alice in Wonderland</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days_(1988_film)" title="Around the World in 80 Days (1988 film)">Around the World in 80 Days</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Arrow_(1988_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black Arrow (1988 film) (page does not exist)">Black Arrow</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Tulip_(1988_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black Tulip (1988 film) (page does not exist)">Black Tulip</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiawatha_(1988_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiawatha (1988 film) (page does not exist)">Hiawatha</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pan_(1988_film)" title="Peter Pan (1988 film)">Peter Pan</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_Zenda_(1988_film)" title="Prisoner of Zenda (1988 film)">Prisoner of Zenda</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westward_Ho!_(1988_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westward Ho! (1988 film) (page does not exist)">Westward Ho!</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_in_the_Willows_(1988_film)" title="Wind in the Willows (1988 film)">Wind in the Willows</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Corsican_Brothers_(1989_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Corsican Brothers (1989 film) (page does not exist)">The Corsican Brothers</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Co-production_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-production (filmmaking)">Co-productions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Alice Through the Looking Glass (1987)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maurice_Leblanc&#039;s_Arsène_Lupin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin" title="Template:Arsène Lupin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin" title="Template talk:Arsène Lupin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arsène Lupin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maurice_Leblanc&#039;s_Arsène_Lupin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Leblanc" title="Maurice Leblanc">Maurice Leblanc</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin" title="Arsène Lupin">Arsène Lupin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels and collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin,_Gentleman_Burglar" title="Arsène Lupin, Gentleman Burglar">Arsène Lupin, Gentleman Burglar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin_versus_Herlock_Sholmes" title="Arsène Lupin versus Herlock Sholmes">Arsène Lupin versus Herlock Sholmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hollow_Needle" title="The Hollow Needle">The Hollow Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crystal_Stopper" title="The Crystal Stopper">The Crystal Stopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Island_of_Thirty_Coffins" title="The Island of Thirty Coffins">The Island of Thirty Coffins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mysterious_Mansion" title="The Mysterious Mansion">The Mysterious Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Billions_of_Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin" title="The Billions of Arsène Lupin">The Billions of Arsène Lupin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Love_of_Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin" title="The Last Love of Arsène Lupin">The Last Love of Arsène Lupin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin" title="Arsène Lupin">Arsène Lupin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Balsamo" class="mw-redirect" title="Josephine Balsamo">Josephine Balsamo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin_contra_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Arsène Lupin contra Sherlock Holmes">Arsène Lupin contra Sherlock Holmes</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin_(1916_film)" title="Arsène Lupin (1916 film)">Arsène Lupin</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Teeth_of_the_Tiger_(film)" title="The Teeth of the Tiger (film)">The Teeth of the Tiger</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/813_(film)" title="813 (film)">813</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin_(1932_film)" title="Arsène Lupin (1932 film)">Arsène Lupin</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsene_Lupin,_Detective" title="Arsene Lupin, Detective">Arsene Lupin, Detective</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin_Returns" title="Arsène Lupin Returns">Arsène Lupin Returns</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enter_Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin" title="Enter Arsène Lupin">Enter Arsène Lupin</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin_(1947_film)" title="Arsène Lupin (1947 film)">Arsène Lupin</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin" title="The Adventures of Arsène Lupin">The Adventures of Arsène Lupin</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign%C3%A9_Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin" title="Signé Arsène Lupin">Signé Arsène Lupin</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin_(2004_film)" title="Arsène Lupin (2004 film)">Arsène Lupin</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin_(TV_series)" title="Arsène Lupin (TV series)">Arsène Lupin</a> (1971-1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Island_of_Thirty_Coffins" title="The Island of Thirty Coffins">The Island of Thirty Coffins</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Hood" title="Night Hood">Night Hood</a> (1996-1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupin_(Philippine_TV_series)" title="Lupin (Philippine TV series)">Lupin</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code:_Realize#Anime" title="Code: Realize">Code:Realize − Guardian of Rebirth</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaitou_Sentai_Lupinranger_VS_Keisatsu_Sentai_Patranger" title="Kaitou Sentai Lupinranger VS Keisatsu Sentai Patranger">Lupinranger VS Patranger</a> (2018-2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupin_(French_TV_series)" title="Lupin (French TV series)">Lupin</a> (2021-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undead_Girl_Murder_Farce" title="Undead Girl Murder Farce">Undead Girl Murder Farce</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lupin_III_(manga)" title="Lupin III (manga)">Lupin III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undead_Girl_Murder_Farce" title="Undead Girl Murder Farce">Undead Girl Murder Farce</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Versus_Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin" title="Sherlock Holmes Versus Arsène Lupin">Sherlock Holmes Versus Arsène Lupin</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Detective_Mysteria" title="London Detective Mysteria">London Detective Mysteria</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code:_Realize" title="Code: Realize">Code: Realize</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lupin_the_Third" title="Lupin the Third">Lupin the Third</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anthony_Horowitz" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anthony_Horowitz" title="Template:Anthony Horowitz"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anthony_Horowitz" title="Template talk:Anthony Horowitz"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anthony_Horowitz" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anthony Horowitz"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anthony_Horowitz" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Horowitz" title="Anthony Horowitz">Anthony Horowitz</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Rider" title="Alex Rider">Alex Rider</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stormbreaker" title="Stormbreaker">Stormbreaker</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Blanc" title="Point Blanc">Point Blanc</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_Key_(novel)" title="Skeleton Key (novel)">Skeleton Key</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle Strike">Eagle Strike</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpia_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scorpia (novel)">Scorpia</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ark_Angel" title="Ark Angel">Ark Angel</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snakehead_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Snakehead (novel)">Snakehead</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_Tears" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocodile Tears">Crocodile Tears</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpia_Rising" class="mw-redirect" title="Scorpia Rising">Scorpia Rising</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Roulette_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Roulette (novel)">Russian Roulette</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Never_Say_Die_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Never Say Die (novel)">Never Say Die</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Weapon_(Anthony_Horowitz_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret Weapon (Anthony Horowitz novel)">Secret Weapon</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightshade_(Horowitz_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nightshade (Horowitz novel)">Nightshade</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Diamond_Brothers" title="The Diamond Brothers">The Diamond Brothers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Falcon%27s_Malteser" class="mw-redirect" title="The Falcon's Malteser">The Falcon's Malteser</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Enemy_Number_Two" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Enemy Number Two">Public Enemy Number Two</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_By_South_East" class="mw-redirect" title="South By South East">South By South East</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greek_Who_Stole_Christmas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Greek Who Stole Christmas">The Greek Who Stole Christmas</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Five" title="The Power of Five">The Power of Five</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raven%27s_Gate" title="Raven's Gate">Raven's Gate</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_Star_(novel)" title="Evil Star (novel)">Evil Star</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightrise" title="Nightrise">Nightrise</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necropolis_(Horowitz_novel)" title="Necropolis (Horowitz novel)">Necropolis</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblivion_(Power_of_Five)" title="Oblivion (Power of Five)">Oblivion</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">James Bond</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigger_Mortis" title="Trigger Mortis">Trigger Mortis</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forever_and_a_Day_(novel)" title="Forever and a Day (novel)">Forever and a Day</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sherlock Holmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_House_of_Silk" title="The House of Silk">The House of Silk</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriarty_(novel)" title="Moriarty (novel)">Moriarty</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Susan Ryeland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magpie_Murders" title="Magpie Murders">Magpie Murders</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonflower_Murders" title="Moonflower Murders">Moonflower Murders</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hawthorne and Horowitz</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Word_Is_Murder" title="The Word Is Murder">The Word Is Murder</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sentence_Is_Death" title="The Sentence Is Death">The Sentence Is Death</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Devil_and_His_Boy" title="The Devil and His Boy">The Devil and His Boy</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Killing_Joke_(novel)" title="The Killing Joke (novel)">The Killing Joke</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short story collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horowitz_Horror" class="mw-redirect" title="Horowitz Horror">Horowitz Horror</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films/plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Just_Ask_for_Diamond" title="Just Ask for Diamond">Just Ask for Diamond</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindgame_(play)" title="Mindgame (play)">Mindgame</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gathering_(2003_film)" title="The Gathering (2003 film)">The Gathering</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormbreaker_(film)" title="Stormbreaker (film)">Stormbreaker</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television series created</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crossbow_(TV_series)" title="Crossbow (TV series)">Crossbow</a> (1987–89)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_Traveller" title="Crime Traveller">Crime Traveller</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_in_Mind_(TV_series)" title="Murder in Mind (TV series)">Murder in Mind</a> (2001–03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foyle%27s_War" title="Foyle's War">Foyle's War</a> (2002–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collision_(TV_series)" title="Collision (TV series)">Collision</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injustice_(British_TV_series)" title="Injustice (British TV series)">Injustice</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Blood_(TV_series)" title="New Blood (TV series)">New Blood</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonflower_Murders_(TV_series)" title="Moonflower Murders (TV series)">Moonflower Murders</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4653#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4653#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4653#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000418953969">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2148449661515691274">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1906994/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118816322">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2013039964">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119538882">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119538882">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an59899753">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo2016908848&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1483107587299">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000067035&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000173136&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201702087">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/ljx189f453x0k1s">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810671881405606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007453748305171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058620444506706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118816322">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027515362">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sherlock_Holmes&oldid=1257877275">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sherlock_Holmes&oldid=1257877275</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sherlock_Holmes" title="Category:Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock 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1,\n [\"CITEREFBunson1997\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCalamai2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCannon-Brookes2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCapozzi1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCauvain2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClementsMcCarthy,_Helen2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConan_Doyle1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDK2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDakin1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDalby,_J._T.1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiniejko2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiniejko2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDirda2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoyle1961\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDring2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuncan2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuncan2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuncan2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEyles1986\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFlood2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlood2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGangelhoff2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGardner2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreen1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaftWhiteWhite1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaigh2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHale2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHammer1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHan2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrison1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHayes2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHickling2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFItzkoff2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJann1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJenkins\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarlson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKathryn_Caroline_Smith2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeating2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKestner1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKinchin-SmithGryspeerdt2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKing\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKing1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlinger1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlinger1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnowles2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKonnikova\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLester1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiebow1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLitwak2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLivingstone2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLycett2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahdawi2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalekos_Smith2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMasnick2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcClure2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcClure2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerritt\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMikkelson2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitchelson1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontague2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoss2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMumford2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNathan2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNevins2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Hare2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Leary2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPayne1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPicker2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrepolec\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQueen1944\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuigley\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRedmond1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRedmond1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRedmond2009\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFReed,_Brian1934\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReid1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRennison2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichards1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRidgway_WattGreen2003\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRiggs2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiley2005\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRoy2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRule1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSansom2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSayers1946\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchurr2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwartz2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSebeok1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSebeokUmiker-Sebeok1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShapiro2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShapiro2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShaw1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiddiqi2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimpson2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSims2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSnyder2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSova2001\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFStamp2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStarrett1933\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStarrett1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStempel2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSutherland\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomson1958\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThorpe2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTillerson2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTodd1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTovey2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTracy1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTracy1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrow\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTuska1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWagner2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalsh\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeingarten2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeller1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWexler2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Castella2015\"] = 1,\n [\"Disguise\"] = 1,\n [\"Financial_affairs\"] = 1,\n [\"Habits_and_personality\"] = 1,\n [\"Inspiration_for_the_character_of_Holmes\"] = 1,\n [\"Life_with_Dr._Watson\"] = 1,\n [\"Original_stories\"] = 1,\n [\"Role_in_the_history_of_the_detective_story\"] = 1,\n [\"Use_of_drugs\"] = 1,\n [\"Weapons_and_martial_arts\"] = 1,\n [\"Works_listing\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"\\\"'\"] = 2,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 12,\n [\"Anthony Horowitz\"] = 1,\n [\"Arsène Lupin\"] = 1,\n [\"Arthur Conan Doyle\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 7,\n [\"Burbank\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 79,\n [\"Cite court\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 25,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 92,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Holmes, Sherlock\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 2,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 5,\n [\"Infobox character\"] = 1,\n [\"Library resources box\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 5,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 2,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Other uses\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-semi-indef\"] = 1,\n [\"R\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sherlock Holmes\"] = 1,\n [\"Sherlock Holmes by others\"] = 1,\n [\"Sherlock Holmes other media\"] = 1,\n [\"Sherlock Holmes screen adaptations\"] = 1,\n [\"Sherlock Holmes video games\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"StandardEbooks\"] = 1,\n [\"TOC limit\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","360","23.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","280","18.2"],["dataWrapper 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