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class="level-2-link nav__link nav__link-level-2 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link-level-2-up nav__sublink" data-trail="false" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/company/dfs-the-company/"><span data-file-name="DFS – the company">DFS – the company</span></a></li><li data-has-visible-children="false" data-has-children="true" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="true" class="level-2-item item-4 even nav__item nav__item-level-2 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item-level-2-up nav__subitem" data-is-active="false"><a class="level-2-link nav__link nav__link-level-2 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link-level-2-up nav__sublink" data-trail="false" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/company/history-and-vision/"><span data-file-name="History and vision">History and vision</span></a></li><li data-has-visible-children="false" data-has-children="false" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="false" class="level-2-item item-5 odd last nav__item nav__item-level-2 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item-level-2-up nav__subitem" data-is-active="false"><a class="level-2-link nav__link nav__link-level-2 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link-level-2-up nav__sublink" data-trail="false" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/company/business-partners-of-dfs/"><span data-file-name="Business partners of DFS">Business partners of DFS</span></a></li></ul></li><li data-has-visible-children="true" data-has-children="true" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="false" class="level-1-item item-2 even nav__item nav__item-level-1 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item--is-active is-active nav__item--has-children has-children" data-is-active="true"><a aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/" class="level-1-link nav__link nav__link-level-1 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link--is-active is-active nav__link--has-children has-children is-trail" data-trail="true"><span data-file-name="Air traffic control">Air traffic control</span></a><ul class="level-2 nav__level-2 nav__level-1-up level-1-up nav__level-2-up level-2-up" data-level="2"><li data-has-visible-children="false" data-has-children="true" data-is-current="true" data-has-invisible-children="true" class="level-2-item item-1 odd first nav__item nav__item-level-2 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item-level-2-up nav__subitem nav__item--is-active is-active nav__item--is-current is-current" data-is-active="true"><a class="level-2-link nav__link nav__link-level-2 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link-level-2-up nav__sublink nav__link--is-active is-active nav__link--is-current is-current" data-trail="false" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/"><span data-file-name="Operations">Operations</span></a></li><li data-has-visible-children="false" data-has-children="false" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="false" class="level-2-item item-2 even nav__item nav__item-level-2 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item-level-2-up nav__subitem" data-is-active="false"><a class="level-2-link nav__link nav__link-level-2 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link-level-2-up nav__sublink" data-trail="false" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/technology/"><span data-file-name="Technology">Technology</span></a></li><li data-has-visible-children="false" data-has-children="true" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="true" class="level-2-item item-3 odd nav__item nav__item-level-2 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item-level-2-up nav__subitem" data-is-active="false"><a class="level-2-link nav__link nav__link-level-2 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link-level-2-up nav__sublink" data-trail="false" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/safety/"><span data-file-name="Safety">Safety</span></a></li><li data-has-visible-children="false" data-has-children="true" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="true" class="level-2-item item-4 even nav__item nav__item-level-2 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item-level-2-up nav__subitem" data-is-active="false"><a class="level-2-link nav__link nav__link-level-2 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link-level-2-up nav__sublink" data-trail="false" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/legal-framework/"><span data-file-name="Legal framework">Legal framework</span></a></li><li data-has-visible-children="false" data-has-children="false" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="false" class="level-2-item item-5 odd last nav__item nav__item-level-2 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item-level-2-up nav__subitem" data-is-active="false"><a class="level-2-link nav__link nav__link-level-2 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link-level-2-up nav__sublink" data-trail="false" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/research-and-development/"><span data-file-name="Research and development">Research and development</span></a></li></ul></li><li data-has-visible-children="true" data-has-children="true" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="false" class="level-1-item item-3 odd nav__item nav__item-level-1 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item--has-children has-children" data-is-active="false"><a aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/environment/" class="level-1-link nav__link nav__link-level-1 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link--has-children has-children" data-trail="false"><span data-file-name="Environment">Environment</span></a><ul class="level-2 nav__level-2 nav__level-1-up level-1-up nav__level-2-up level-2-up" data-level="2"><li data-has-visible-children="false" data-has-children="true" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="true" class="level-2-item item-1 odd first nav__item nav__item-level-2 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item-level-2-up nav__subitem" data-is-active="false"><a class="level-2-link nav__link nav__link-level-2 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link-level-2-up nav__sublink" data-trail="false" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/environment/aircraft-noise/"><span data-file-name="Aircraft noise">Aircraft noise</span></a></li><li data-has-visible-children="false" data-has-children="false" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="false" class="level-2-item item-2 even nav__item nav__item-level-2 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item-level-2-up nav__subitem" data-is-active="false"><a class="level-2-link nav__link nav__link-level-2 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link-level-2-up nav__sublink" data-trail="false" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/environment/climate/"><span data-file-name="Climate">Climate</span></a></li><li data-has-visible-children="false" data-has-children="false" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="false" class="level-2-item item-3 odd nav__item nav__item-level-2 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item-level-2-up nav__subitem" data-is-active="false"><a class="level-2-link nav__link nav__link-level-2 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link-level-2-up nav__sublink" data-trail="false" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/environment/wind-energy/"><span data-file-name="Wind energy">Wind energy</span></a></li><li data-has-visible-children="false" data-has-children="false" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="false" class="level-2-item item-4 even last nav__item nav__item-level-2 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item-level-2-up nav__subitem" data-is-active="false"><a class="level-2-link nav__link nav__link-level-2 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link-level-2-up nav__sublink" data-trail="false" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/environment/environmental-management/"><span data-file-name="Environmental management">Environmental management</span></a></li></ul></li><li data-has-visible-children="true" data-has-children="true" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="false" class="level-1-item item-4 even nav__item nav__item-level-1 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item--has-children has-children" data-is-active="false"><a 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data-has-children="false" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="false" class="level-2-item item-2 even nav__item nav__item-level-2 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item-level-2-up nav__subitem" data-is-active="false"><a class="level-2-link nav__link nav__link-level-2 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link-level-2-up nav__sublink" data-trail="false" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/drone-flight/faq-for-drone-flights/"><span data-file-name="FAQ for drone flights">FAQ for drone flights</span></a></li><li data-has-visible-children="false" data-has-children="true" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="true" class="level-2-item item-3 odd nav__item nav__item-level-2 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item-level-2-up nav__subitem" data-is-active="false"><a class="level-2-link nav__link nav__link-level-2 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link-level-2-up nav__sublink" data-trail="false" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/drone-flight/applications-and-approvals/"><span data-file-name="Applications and approvals">Applications and approvals</span></a></li><li data-has-visible-children="false" data-has-children="false" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="false" class="level-2-item item-4 even nav__item nav__item-level-2 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item-level-2-up nav__subitem" data-is-active="false"><a class="level-2-link nav__link nav__link-level-2 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link-level-2-up nav__sublink" data-trail="false" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/drone-flight/traffic-management-for-drones/"><span data-file-name="Traffic management for drones">Traffic management for drones</span></a></li><li data-has-visible-children="false" data-has-children="false" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="false" class="level-2-item item-5 odd last nav__item nav__item-level-2 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item-level-2-up nav__subitem" data-is-active="false"><a class="level-2-link nav__link nav__link-level-2 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link-level-2-up nav__sublink" data-trail="false" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/drone-flight/drone-detection/"><span data-file-name="Drone detection">Drone detection</span></a></li></ul></li><li data-has-visible-children="true" data-has-children="true" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="false" class="level-1-item item-5 odd nav__item nav__item-level-1 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item--has-children has-children" data-is-active="false"><a aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/services/" class="level-1-link nav__link nav__link-level-1 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link--has-children has-children" data-trail="false"><span data-file-name="Services">Services</span></a><ul class="level-2 nav__level-2 nav__level-1-up level-1-up nav__level-2-up level-2-up" data-level="2"><li data-has-visible-children="false" data-has-children="false" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="false" class="level-2-item item-1 odd first nav__item nav__item-level-2 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item-level-2-up nav__subitem" data-is-active="false"><a class="level-2-link nav__link nav__link-level-2 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link-level-2-up nav__sublink" data-trail="false" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/services/general-aviation/"><span data-file-name="General aviation">General aviation</span></a></li><li data-has-visible-children="false" data-has-children="true" data-is-current="false" data-has-invisible-children="true" class="level-2-item item-2 even nav__item nav__item-level-2 nav__item-level-1-up nav__item-level-2-up nav__subitem" data-is-active="false"><a class="level-2-link nav__link nav__link-level-2 nav__link-level-1-up nav__link-level-2-up nav__sublink" data-trail="false" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/services/commercial-aviation/"><span data-file-name="Commercial aviation">Commercial aviation</span></a></li><li data-has-visible-children="false" data-has-children="false" data-is-current="false" 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header-search-button__open"> </button><button aria-haspopup="dialog" title="Suche öffnen" aria-label="Suche öffnen" class="header-search-button header-search-button__close"> </button> </div> </div> </div> </header> </div> <div class="stage-outer"> <div class="stage"><div class="hero-header-2 "><div class="hero-header-2__inner"><div class="hero-header-2__media-wrapper"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/lotsenarbeitslatz-center-muenchen.png?cid=6ey.1l47&resize=85c7f7%3a1199x" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="on-visible" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAAECAIAAAAmkwkpAAAAP0lEQVR4XgE0AMv/AH19e3Ryd42HiWFkcgCQi4WenZ6FdGlmWFEArKyvtK65hW9jGBcbAMzGvMbCu7epoAIDB3TNF/HZS0OsAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" aria-hidden="true" width="1199" alt="ai traffic controller in Munich center" title="ai traffic controller in Munich center" class="hero-header-2__image id-background-image i4-object-cover" height="794" data-resize-mode="dynamic"/></div><div class="hero-header-2__main-content-wrapper"><div class="hero-header-2__main-content"><div class="row"><div class="columns small-12"><div class="id-richtext"><h2 class="paragraph dfs-color-green h1" id="how-does-air-traffic-control-work-dc7af5b5">How does air traffic control work?</h2><p class="paragraph">Our air traffic controllers direct the aircraft under their control, from take-off to landing. This applies to both civil and military flights. This type of cooperation is unique in the world. DFS also supports pilots who fly under visual flight rules. </p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="main-outer"> <div class="main-top"><div class="main-top__breadcrumbs"> <div class="row"> <div class="columns small-12"><nav aria-label="Breadcrumb Navigation" class="breadcrumbs__wrapper"><ul class="breadcrumbs"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/">Home</a></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/">Air traffic control</a></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item active"><a aria-current="page" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/" class="">Operations</a></li></ul></nav></div> </div> </div> </div> <main aria-label="Haupt Inhaltsbereich" data-navigation-anchor="" id="main-content"><div class="teaser"><div class="teaser-text-outer row align-center"><div class="teaser-text-inner columns small-12 medium-12 large-12"></div></div></div><div class=" id-repeat"><div class="row-instance"><div data-component="3956ad99-52b4-4410-a242-b943de5ef8aa.gridBuilder:content-5-4" data-component-name="common.common.layout.metropolis.framework.meta:gridBuilder:content-5-4" data-component-chooserId="content:document" data-component-label="Zwei Spalten: 5 | 4" data-component-path="14779/content/repeat/item/component" class="component component-gridBuilder component-gridBuilder-content-5-4"><div class="main-row "><div class="row align-center"><div class="columns small-12 medium-6 large-1 layout-column show-for-large"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "></div></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-6 large-5 main-column"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "><div class="id-content-first-column id-content"><div class="i4-img-container i4-align-fullwidth i4-nofloat"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/de/flugsicherung/betrieb/tw-lotsen.png?resize=86d0eb:127,0,466,800_480x824c&cid=chj.1lmr" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="on-visible" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAAECAIAAAAmkwkpAAAAP0lEQVR4XgE0AMv/APGvhe2ui+Oqjd2jiQC4lIjEopfBoZm8nZcATkdIWlBQnZGSbWRlAAUEBy0sMUpGTAkHCOHwFoYwI3PvAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" alt="air traffic controllers in the tower" data-srcset="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/de/flugsicherung/betrieb/tw-lotsen.png?cid=chj.1lmr&resize=1bd0f8:127,0,466,800_466x800c 466w" title="air traffic controllers in the tower" data-sizes="(min-width: 1200px) 480px, (min-width: 768px) 466px, (min-width: 320px) 480px, 480px" class="i4-img-flexheight" data-i4-img-caption="air traffic controllers in the tower"/><div class="i4-img-copyright-wrapper"><div class="i4-img-copyright">© DFS</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-6 large-1 layout-column show-for-large"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "></div></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-6 large-4 main-column"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "><div class="id-content-second-column id-content"><h2 class="paragraph h1 text-left" id="air-traffic-controllers-cb08ffee">Air traffic controllers </h2><p class="paragraph">DFS air traffic controllers ensure that flights are conducted in a safe, orderly and expeditious manner. They make sure that there is always sufficient separation between aircraft. Air traffic controllers work in radar control centres and in control towers. </p><p class="paragraph"><strong>The air traffic controllers in control towers </strong>manage what happens on the apron, on the runways and in the surrounding airspace. These tower controllers<br/>ensure the smooth conduct of traffic at the aerodrome. They coordinate the aircraft which are taxiing, taking off and landing by radiotelephony. They inform pilots about the departure procedures and issue take-off clearances. Tower controllers always have direct visual contact with the aircraft. At night and in conditions of low visibility, such as fog, they are supported by ground radar. </p><p class="paragraph"><strong>The air traffic controllers in the radar control <br/>centres</strong>, on the other hand, only see aircraft as symbols on their radar screens. In total, DFS has four such centres: in Langen, Bremen, Munich and Karlsruhe. All pilots flying under instrument flight rules (IFR) are controlled by the air traffic controllers working in these control centres. Lower airspace, up to around 7,500 metres, is monitored from Langen, Bremen and Munich. The colleagues in Karlsruhe have an eye on upper airspace.</p><p class="paragraph"><br/></p><p class="paragraph"><br/></p></div></div></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-6 large-1 layout-column show-for-large"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="row-instance"><div data-component="3956ad99-52b4-4410-a242-b943de5ef8aa.gridBuilder:content-8-centered" data-component-name="common.common.layout.metropolis.framework.meta:gridBuilder:content-8-centered" data-component-chooserId="content:document" data-component-label="One column zentriert: 66%" data-component-path="14779/content/repeat/item[2]/component" class="component component-gridBuilder component-gridBuilder-content-8-centered"><div class="main-row "><div class="row align-center"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 main-column big-column-standalone"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "><div class="id-content-first-column id-content"><h2 class="paragraph h1" id="how-does-air-traffic-control-work-608bec99">How does air traffic control work?<br/></h2><p class="paragraph">Every day, several thousand flights take place in German airspace under instrument flight rules (IFR). When flying under instrument flight rules, pilots do not fly by sight, but orientate themselves using the instruments in the cockpit, and follow the instructions of air traffic control. Air traffic controllers monitor aircraft from take-off to landing and ensure that they always have sufficient safety distance from each other (known as separation) along the entire flight route. To ensure this, DFS operates a large number of technical facilities for surveillance, navigation and radio communication.</p><p class="paragraph"><br/></p><p class="paragraph"><br/></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="row-instance"><div data-component="3956ad99-52b4-4410-a242-b943de5ef8aa.gridBuilder:content-12" data-component-name="common.common.layout.metropolis.framework.meta:gridBuilder:content-12" data-component-chooserId="content:document" data-component-label="One column: 100%" data-component-path="14779/content/repeat/item[3]/component" class="component component-gridBuilder component-gridBuilder-content-12"><div class="main-row "><div class="row"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 main-column main-column__outward full-column"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "><div class="id-content-first-column id-content"><div class="xhtmlcomponent component-teaserSlider component-teaserSlider-full-column::full"><div id="wrapper-slick-94d735db" data-aria-label="Slider" class="news-teaser-slider news-slider-wrapper"><div id="slick-94d735db"><div class="indent-4 news-teaser-slider__slide article-teaser article-teaser--mobile-portrait-layout-stacked--small article-teaser--tablet-portrait-layout-aside-large--medium article-teaser--tablet-landscape-layout-aside-large--large article-teaser--desktop-layout-aside-large--xlarge date-1631705028699" data-date="1631705028699"><div class="news-teaser-slider__item article-teaser__wrapper"><figure class="news-teaser-slider__figure article-teaser__picture"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/de/flugsicherung/safety/shutterstock-1566102844.png?cid=6g4.1lmt" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="none" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="airplane taxiing viewed from above" title="airplane taxiing viewed from above" class="news-teaser-slider__picture article-teaser__image" data-resize-mode="dynamic"/><div class="i4-img-copyright">© Shutterstock</div></figure><div class=" news-teaser-slider__caption article-teaser__content"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/take-off-phase/" class="news-teaser-slider__headline article-teaser__headline news-slider__headline"><h2 id="take-off-phase-b4b92c79" class="headline h2">Take-off phase</h2></a><p class="news-slider__content"><span class="news-slider__teaser-text news-teaser-slider__text article-teaser__teaser">Air traffic controllers in the control tower give pilots the approval vie radiotelephony to start …</span><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/take-off-phase/" class="news-teaser-slider__more article-teaser__more-button-wrapper"><span class="news-teaser-slider__more-label article-teaser__more-button">read more</span></a></p></div></div></div><div class="indent-4 news-teaser-slider__slide article-teaser article-teaser--mobile-portrait-layout-stacked--small article-teaser--tablet-portrait-layout-aside-large--medium article-teaser--tablet-landscape-layout-aside-large--large article-teaser--desktop-layout-aside-large--xlarge date-1631705061977" data-date="1631705061977"><div class="news-teaser-slider__item article-teaser__wrapper"><figure class="news-teaser-slider__figure article-teaser__picture"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/de/flugsicherung/rechtlicher-rahmen/shutterstock-559714906.png?cid=78p.1lju" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="none" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="airplane taking off" title="airplane taking off" class="news-teaser-slider__picture article-teaser__image" data-resize-mode="dynamic"/><div class="i4-img-copyright">© Shutterstock</div></figure><div class=" news-teaser-slider__caption article-teaser__content"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/climb/" class="news-teaser-slider__headline article-teaser__headline news-slider__headline"><h2 id="climb-3fa3f100" class="headline h2">Climb</h2></a><p class="news-slider__content"><span class="news-slider__teaser-text news-teaser-slider__text article-teaser__teaser">When the aircraft has left the vicinity of the airport, control is transferred from the tower …</span><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/climb/" class="news-teaser-slider__more article-teaser__more-button-wrapper"><span class="news-teaser-slider__more-label article-teaser__more-button">read more</span></a></p></div></div></div><div class="indent-4 news-teaser-slider__slide article-teaser article-teaser--mobile-portrait-layout-stacked--small article-teaser--tablet-portrait-layout-aside-large--medium article-teaser--tablet-landscape-layout-aside-large--large article-teaser--desktop-layout-aside-large--xlarge date-1631705070753" data-date="1631705070753"><div class="news-teaser-slider__item article-teaser__wrapper"><figure class="news-teaser-slider__figure article-teaser__picture"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/de/flugsicherung/technik/05-07-09-ke-0661-01-18x24.png?cid=6fj.1ljo" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="none" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="radar station Dresden" title="radar station Dresden" class="news-teaser-slider__picture article-teaser__image" data-resize-mode="dynamic"/><div class="i4-img-copyright">© DFS</div></figure><div class=" news-teaser-slider__caption article-teaser__content"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/surveillance/" class="news-teaser-slider__headline article-teaser__headline news-slider__headline"><h2 id="surveillance-31adfec0" class="headline h2">Surveillance</h2></a><p class="news-slider__content"><span class="news-slider__teaser-text news-teaser-slider__text article-teaser__teaser">Radar facilities ensure that air traffic controllers always know the exact position of aircraft. DFS …</span><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/surveillance/" class="news-teaser-slider__more article-teaser__more-button-wrapper"><span class="news-teaser-slider__more-label article-teaser__more-button">read more</span></a></p></div></div></div><div class="indent-4 news-teaser-slider__slide article-teaser article-teaser--mobile-portrait-layout-stacked--small article-teaser--tablet-portrait-layout-aside-large--medium article-teaser--tablet-landscape-layout-aside-large--large article-teaser--desktop-layout-aside-large--xlarge date-1631705078063" data-date="1631705078063"><div class="news-teaser-slider__item article-teaser__wrapper"><figure class="news-teaser-slider__figure article-teaser__picture"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/de/flugsicherung/safety/19-ke-0084-02-srgb-40x60.png?cid=7dj.1m7i" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="none" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="air traffic controllers on board" title="air traffic controllers on board" class="news-teaser-slider__picture article-teaser__image" data-resize-mode="dynamic"/><div class="i4-img-copyright">© DFS</div></figure><div class=" news-teaser-slider__caption article-teaser__content"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/radar-screen/" class="news-teaser-slider__headline article-teaser__headline news-slider__headline"><h2 id="radar-screen-3f330ccf" class="headline h2">Radar screen</h2></a><p class="news-slider__content"><span class="news-slider__teaser-text news-teaser-slider__text article-teaser__teaser">After take-off, the pilot activates the transponder on board the aircraft. This device receives the …</span><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/radar-screen/" class="news-teaser-slider__more article-teaser__more-button-wrapper"><span class="news-teaser-slider__more-label article-teaser__more-button">read more</span></a></p></div></div></div><div class="indent-4 news-teaser-slider__slide article-teaser article-teaser--mobile-portrait-layout-stacked--small article-teaser--tablet-portrait-layout-aside-large--medium article-teaser--tablet-landscape-layout-aside-large--large article-teaser--desktop-layout-aside-large--xlarge date-1631705086725" data-date="1631705086725"><div class="news-teaser-slider__item article-teaser__wrapper"><figure class="news-teaser-slider__figure article-teaser__picture"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/de/flugsicherung/forschung-und-entwicklung/05-04-11-ke-0353-01-18x24.png?cid=78a.1lmx" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="none" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="navigation system" title="navigation system" class="news-teaser-slider__picture article-teaser__image" data-resize-mode="dynamic"/><div class="i4-img-copyright">© DFS</div></figure><div class=" news-teaser-slider__caption article-teaser__content"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/ground-based-navigation/" class="news-teaser-slider__headline article-teaser__headline news-slider__headline"><h2 id="ground-based-navigation-6640246d" class="headline h2">Ground-based navigation</h2></a><p class="news-slider__content"><span class="news-slider__teaser-text news-teaser-slider__text article-teaser__teaser">In addition to the radar facilities used to locate aircraft, DFS also operates systems that help …</span><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/ground-based-navigation/" class="news-teaser-slider__more article-teaser__more-button-wrapper"><span class="news-teaser-slider__more-label article-teaser__more-button">read more</span></a></p></div></div></div><div class="indent-4 news-teaser-slider__slide article-teaser article-teaser--mobile-portrait-layout-stacked--small article-teaser--tablet-portrait-layout-aside-large--medium article-teaser--tablet-landscape-layout-aside-large--large article-teaser--desktop-layout-aside-large--xlarge date-1631705094122" data-date="1631705094122"><div class="news-teaser-slider__item article-teaser__wrapper"><figure class="news-teaser-slider__figure article-teaser__picture"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/satellite-navigation/shutterstock-1372134458-1.jpg?cid=9nm.1l4v" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="none" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="satellite in space" title="satellite in space" class="news-teaser-slider__picture article-teaser__image" data-resize-mode="dynamic"/><div class="i4-img-copyright">© Shutterstock</div></figure><div class=" news-teaser-slider__caption article-teaser__content"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/satellite-navigation/" class="news-teaser-slider__headline article-teaser__headline news-slider__headline"><h2 id="satellite-navigation-83942587" class="headline h2">Satellite navigation</h2></a><p class="news-slider__content"><span class="news-slider__teaser-text news-teaser-slider__text article-teaser__teaser">Modern aircraft no longer rely on ground-based navigation systems. They can use satellite …</span><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/satellite-navigation/" class="news-teaser-slider__more article-teaser__more-button-wrapper"><span class="news-teaser-slider__more-label article-teaser__more-button">read more</span></a></p></div></div></div><div class="indent-4 news-teaser-slider__slide article-teaser article-teaser--mobile-portrait-layout-stacked--small article-teaser--tablet-portrait-layout-aside-large--medium article-teaser--tablet-landscape-layout-aside-large--large article-teaser--desktop-layout-aside-large--xlarge date-1631705116870" data-date="1631705116870"><div class="news-teaser-slider__item article-teaser__wrapper"><figure class="news-teaser-slider__figure article-teaser__picture"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/de/flugsicherung/safety/03-01-08-ke-0353-05-18x24.png?cid=791.1lmz" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="none" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="air traffic controller at work" title="air traffic controller at work" class="news-teaser-slider__picture article-teaser__image" data-resize-mode="dynamic"/><div class="i4-img-copyright">© DFS</div></figure><div class=" news-teaser-slider__caption article-teaser__content"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/communications/" class="news-teaser-slider__headline article-teaser__headline news-slider__headline"><h2 id="communications-347db138" class="headline h2">Communications</h2></a><p class="news-slider__content"><span class="news-slider__teaser-text news-teaser-slider__text article-teaser__teaser">Pilots and air traffic controllers communicate with each other via radiotelephony. DFS operates …</span><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/communications/" class="news-teaser-slider__more article-teaser__more-button-wrapper"><span class="news-teaser-slider__more-label article-teaser__more-button">read more</span></a></p></div></div></div><div class="indent-4 news-teaser-slider__slide article-teaser article-teaser--mobile-portrait-layout-stacked--small article-teaser--tablet-portrait-layout-aside-large--medium article-teaser--tablet-landscape-layout-aside-large--large article-teaser--desktop-layout-aside-large--xlarge date-1631705124462" data-date="1631705124462"><div class="news-teaser-slider__item article-teaser__wrapper"><figure class="news-teaser-slider__figure article-teaser__picture"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/de/flugsicherung/05-01-10-ke-0295-01-18x24.png?cid=6f7.1ln0" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="none" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="aircraft approaching Munich" style="object-position:49.166667% 34.745098%" title="aircraft approaching Munich" class="news-teaser-slider__picture article-teaser__image i4-object-cover" data-resize-mode="dynamic"/><div class="i4-img-copyright">© DFS</div></figure><div class=" news-teaser-slider__caption article-teaser__content"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/approach-to-land/" class="news-teaser-slider__headline article-teaser__headline news-slider__headline"><h2 id="approach-to-land-8bd18826" class="headline h2">Approach to land</h2></a><p class="news-slider__content"><span class="news-slider__teaser-text news-teaser-slider__text article-teaser__teaser">The aircraft has left its cruising level and is on the approach to land. Approach controllers in the …</span><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/approach-to-land/" class="news-teaser-slider__more article-teaser__more-button-wrapper"><span class="news-teaser-slider__more-label article-teaser__more-button">read more</span></a></p></div></div></div><div class="indent-4 news-teaser-slider__slide article-teaser article-teaser--mobile-portrait-layout-stacked--small article-teaser--tablet-portrait-layout-aside-large--medium article-teaser--tablet-landscape-layout-aside-large--large article-teaser--desktop-layout-aside-large--xlarge date-1631705131185" data-date="1631705131185"><div class="news-teaser-slider__item article-teaser__wrapper"><figure class="news-teaser-slider__figure article-teaser__picture"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/landing/shutterstock-2008029833.png?cid=9np.1l4x" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="none" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="airplane touching down" title="airplane touching down" class="news-teaser-slider__picture article-teaser__image" data-resize-mode="dynamic"/><div class="i4-img-copyright">© Shutterstock</div></figure><div class=" news-teaser-slider__caption article-teaser__content"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/landing/" class="news-teaser-slider__headline article-teaser__headline news-slider__headline"><h2 id="landing-fdc6bdc7" class="headline h2">Landing</h2></a><p class="news-slider__content"><span class="news-slider__teaser-text news-teaser-slider__text article-teaser__teaser">During the approach to land, the pilot is supported by the instrument landing system (ILS). ILS is a …</span><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/landing/" class="news-teaser-slider__more article-teaser__more-button-wrapper"><span class="news-teaser-slider__more-label article-teaser__more-button">read more</span></a></p></div></div></div><div class="indent-4 news-teaser-slider__slide article-teaser article-teaser--mobile-portrait-layout-stacked--small article-teaser--tablet-portrait-layout-aside-large--medium article-teaser--tablet-landscape-layout-aside-large--large article-teaser--desktop-layout-aside-large--xlarge date-1631705138424" data-date="1631705138424"><div class="news-teaser-slider__item article-teaser__wrapper"><figure class="news-teaser-slider__figure article-teaser__picture"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/de/flugsicherung/betrieb/landung-mit-satellitennavigation/shutterstock-1125978707.png?cid=9ns.1ln3" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="none" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="airplane cockpit" title="airplane cockpit" class="news-teaser-slider__picture article-teaser__image" data-resize-mode="dynamic"/><div class="i4-img-copyright">© Shutterstock</div></figure><div class=" news-teaser-slider__caption article-teaser__content"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/landing-with-satellite-navigation/" class="news-teaser-slider__headline article-teaser__headline news-slider__headline"><h2 id="landing-with-satellite-navigation-4985ec50" class="headline h2">Landing with satellite navigation</h2></a><p class="news-slider__content"><span class="news-slider__teaser-text news-teaser-slider__text article-teaser__teaser">In addition to instrument landing systems (ILS), DFS has introduced satellite-based precision …</span><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/landing-with-satellite-navigation/" class="news-teaser-slider__more article-teaser__more-button-wrapper"><span class="news-teaser-slider__more-label article-teaser__more-button">read more</span></a></p></div></div></div><div class="indent-4 news-teaser-slider__slide article-teaser article-teaser--mobile-portrait-layout-stacked--small article-teaser--tablet-portrait-layout-aside-large--medium article-teaser--tablet-landscape-layout-aside-large--large article-teaser--desktop-layout-aside-large--xlarge date-1652865019597" data-date="1652865019597"><div class="news-teaser-slider__item article-teaser__wrapper"><figure class="news-teaser-slider__figure article-teaser__picture"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/luftraummanagement-1/luftbetankung-hd.jpg?cid=gm0.1l4y" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="none" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="aerial refuelling" title="aerial refuelling" class="news-teaser-slider__picture article-teaser__image" data-resize-mode="dynamic"/><div class="i4-img-copyright">© Luftwaffe</div></figure><div class=" news-teaser-slider__caption article-teaser__content"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/luftraummanagement-1/" class="news-teaser-slider__headline article-teaser__headline news-slider__headline"><h2 id="airspace-management-6cb900df" class="headline h2">Airspace management</h2></a><p class="news-slider__content"><span class="news-slider__teaser-text news-teaser-slider__text article-teaser__teaser">Germany was not only instrumental in developing the European flexible use of airspace (FUA) concept, …</span><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/luftraummanagement-1/" class="news-teaser-slider__more article-teaser__more-button-wrapper"><span class="news-teaser-slider__more-label article-teaser__more-button">read more</span></a></p></div></div></div><div class="indent-4 news-teaser-slider__slide article-teaser article-teaser--mobile-portrait-layout-stacked--small article-teaser--tablet-portrait-layout-aside-large--medium article-teaser--tablet-landscape-layout-aside-large--large article-teaser--desktop-layout-aside-large--xlarge date-1652865023120" data-date="1652865023120"><div class="news-teaser-slider__item article-teaser__wrapper"><figure class="news-teaser-slider__figure article-teaser__picture"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/strategischer-planungsprozess-1/crc-hd.jpg?cid=gm1.1l51" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="none" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="military air traffic controllers" title="military air traffic controllers" class="news-teaser-slider__picture article-teaser__image" data-resize-mode="dynamic"/><div class="i4-img-copyright">© Luftwaffe</div></figure><div class=" news-teaser-slider__caption article-teaser__content"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/strategischer-planungsprozess-1/" class="news-teaser-slider__headline article-teaser__headline news-slider__headline"><h2 id="strategic-planning-process-1100a5d3" class="headline h2">Strategic planning process</h2></a><p class="news-slider__content"><span class="news-slider__teaser-text news-teaser-slider__text article-teaser__teaser">Under the auspices of DFS, processes and structures were created in order to be able to continuously …</span><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/strategischer-planungsprozess-1/" class="news-teaser-slider__more article-teaser__more-button-wrapper"><span class="news-teaser-slider__more-label article-teaser__more-button">read more</span></a></p></div></div></div><div class="indent-4 news-teaser-slider__slide article-teaser article-teaser--mobile-portrait-layout-stacked--small article-teaser--tablet-portrait-layout-aside-large--medium article-teaser--tablet-landscape-layout-aside-large--large article-teaser--desktop-layout-aside-large--xlarge date-1652865025747" data-date="1652865025747"><div class="news-teaser-slider__item article-teaser__wrapper"><figure class="news-teaser-slider__figure article-teaser__picture"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/flugsicherungsinfrastruktur-1/efb2-005.jpg?cid=gm2.1l54" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="none" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="air traffic control radar system" title="air traffic control radar system" class="news-teaser-slider__picture article-teaser__image" data-resize-mode="dynamic"/><div class="i4-img-copyright">© Luftwaffe</div></figure><div class=" news-teaser-slider__caption article-teaser__content"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/flugsicherungsinfrastruktur-1/" class="news-teaser-slider__headline article-teaser__headline news-slider__headline"><h2 id="air-traffic-control-infrastructure-673b5390" class="headline h2">Air traffic control infrastructure</h2></a><p class="news-slider__content"><span class="news-slider__teaser-text news-teaser-slider__text article-teaser__teaser">DFS and the German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr) are working on a concept for the joint use of air …</span><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/flugsicherungsinfrastruktur-1/" class="news-teaser-slider__more article-teaser__more-button-wrapper"><span class="news-teaser-slider__more-label article-teaser__more-button">read more</span></a></p></div></div></div><div class="indent-4 news-teaser-slider__slide article-teaser article-teaser--mobile-portrait-layout-stacked--small article-teaser--tablet-portrait-layout-aside-large--medium article-teaser--tablet-landscape-layout-aside-large--large article-teaser--desktop-layout-aside-large--xlarge date-1652865028903" data-date="1652865028903"><div class="news-teaser-slider__item article-teaser__wrapper"><figure class="news-teaser-slider__figure article-teaser__picture"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/aeronautische-und-meteorologische-daten-1/wetter-hd.jpg?cid=gm3.1l58" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="none" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="meterorological chart" title="meterorological chart" class="news-teaser-slider__picture article-teaser__image" data-resize-mode="dynamic"/><div class="i4-img-copyright">© Shutterstock</div></figure><div class=" news-teaser-slider__caption article-teaser__content"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/aeronautische-und-meteorologische-daten-1/" class="news-teaser-slider__headline article-teaser__headline news-slider__headline"><h2 id="aeronautical-and-meteorological-data-cbdb1c46" class="headline h2">Aeronautical and meteorological data</h2></a><p class="news-slider__content"><span class="news-slider__teaser-text news-teaser-slider__text article-teaser__teaser">Another field of cooperation is the exchange and joint use of aeronautical and meteorological data …</span><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/aeronautische-und-meteorologische-daten-1/" class="news-teaser-slider__more article-teaser__more-button-wrapper"><span class="news-teaser-slider__more-label article-teaser__more-button">read more</span></a></p></div></div></div></div><div id="slick-94d735db-arrows" class="news-teaser-slider__arrows"></div></div><link rel="preload" as="script" integrity="sha512-kgUR3IPx8gd2KJz3jaA3ZWLa/A+S+ISgkc2qvl4ewDHvSDQQdusDvRTRS46x3n5Buk3vcYJMhD2OgnrYE1rScg==" href="https://www.dfs.de/:res/modules/common/common/layout/metropolis/content/news/web-components/layout-metropolis-content-news--component.system.js?fp=dfe2361c70ed"/><script>System.import("layout-metropolis-content-news--component").then(function(LayoutMetropolisContentNewsComponent) { document.querySelector("#wrapper-slick-94d735db").classList.add("initialized"); var slickProperties = {"adaptiveHeight":true,"appendArrows":"#slick-94d735db-arrows","nextArrow":"<button type='button' class='news-teaser-slider__arrow-next\n\t\tnews-teaser-slider__arrow'></button>","prevArrow":"<button type='button' class='news-teaser-slider__arrow-prev\n\t\tnews-teaser-slider__arrow'></button>","slidesToShow":1,"slidesToScroll":1,"dots":false,"useTransform":true,"cssEase":"ease-out","autoplay":false,"autoplaySpeed":5000.0,"accessibility":true}; slickProperties.responsive = []; slickProperties.pinFirstSlide = false; new NewsSlider($('#slick-94d735db'), slickProperties); }, function(error) { console.error(error); });</script></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="row-instance"><div data-component="3956ad99-52b4-4410-a242-b943de5ef8aa.gridBuilder:content-5-4" data-component-name="common.common.layout.metropolis.framework.meta:gridBuilder:content-5-4" data-component-chooserId="content:document" data-component-label="Zwei Spalten: 5 | 4" data-component-path="14779/content/repeat/item[4]/component" class="component component-gridBuilder component-gridBuilder-content-5-4"><div class="main-row "><div class="row align-center"><div class="columns small-12 medium-6 large-1 layout-column show-for-large"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "></div></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-6 large-5 main-column"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "><div class="id-content-first-column id-content"><h2 class="paragraph h1" id="airspace-cd9e34b0"><br/>Airspace<br/></h2><p class="paragraph">German airspace is divided into so-called flight information regions (FIR), which are assigned to radar control centres. The individual flight information regions of the control centres, in turn, are subdivided into different sectors. Each sector is controlled by a team of two air traffic controllers: the radar controller and the coordinator. While the radar controller monitors the radar screen and issues instructions and clearances to the pilot via radiotelephony, the coordinator communicates with the adjacent sectors. Their tasks include the coordination of transfer levels for inbound and outbound traffic. They also obtain relevant information from neighbouring sectors and support the radar controller. After all, four eyes see better than two. </p><p class="paragraph">Area controllers ensure sufficient separation between aircraft. They establish minimum vertical separation of 1,000 feet (approximately 300 meters) and minimum horizontal separation of between 2.5 and 8 nautical miles (4.6 to 14.8 kilometres) between aircraft. If, however, pilots fly under visual flight rules (VFR), they are responsible for maintaining separation from other aircraft themselves. Their flight is not controlled by DFS and they may only use specific airspaces.</p><p class="paragraph"><br/></p><p class="paragraph"><br/></p></div></div></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-6 large-1 layout-column show-for-large"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "></div></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-6 large-4 main-column"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "><div class="id-content-second-column id-content"><p class="paragraph"><br/><br/></p><div class="i4-img-container i4-align-fullwidth i4-nofloat"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/de/flugsicherung/betrieb/shutterstock-1980652733.png?resize=42136f:693,0,866,1306_380x573c&cid=6fg.1ln5" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="on-visible" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAAECAIAAAAmkwkpAAAAP0lEQVR4XgE0AMv/AM3l/cvg8s7i+tLm/gCnx+ivy+awxdu+y+EAY4m3ao2ybY+0gZm+AEdjimBvjUtmilVrkbnIIA2o8RsmAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" alt="airplane window view" data-srcset="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/de/flugsicherung/betrieb/shutterstock-1980652733.png?cid=6fg.1ln5&resize=98c9ff:693,0,866,1306_760x1146c 760w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/de/flugsicherung/betrieb/shutterstock-1980652733.png?cid=6fg.1ln5&resize=08d6c6:693,0,866,1306_570x859c 570w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/de/flugsicherung/betrieb/shutterstock-1980652733.png?cid=6fg.1ln5&resize=42136f:693,0,866,1306_380x573c 380w" title="airplane window view" data-sizes="(min-width: 320px) 380px, 380px" class="i4-img-flexheight" data-i4-img-caption="airplane window view"/><div class="i4-img-copyright-wrapper"><div class="i4-img-copyright">© Shutterstock</div></div></div><p class="paragraph"><br/></p></div></div></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-6 large-1 layout-column show-for-large"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="row-instance"><div data-component="3956ad99-52b4-4410-a242-b943de5ef8aa.gridBuilder:content-4-5" data-component-name="common.common.layout.metropolis.framework.meta:gridBuilder:content-4-5" data-component-chooserId="content:document" data-component-label="Zwei Spalten: 4 | 5" data-component-path="14779/content/repeat/item[5]/component" class="component component-gridBuilder component-gridBuilder-content-4-5"><div class="main-row "><div class="row align-center"><div class="columns small-12 medium-6 large-1 layout-column show-for-large"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "></div></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-6 large-4 main-column"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "><div class="id-content-second-column id-content"><div class="i4-img-container i4-align-fullwidth i4-nofloat"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/de/flugsicherung/betrieb/17-ke-0132-01-srgb-40x60-01.jpg?resize=eff304:210,0,641,921_380x546c&cid=chm.1ln9" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="on-visible" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAAECAIAAAAmkwkpAAAAP0lEQVR4XgE0AMv/AOLPuNTFrsq1m8m3nwBnZWFrdHhdVVFsZl8AZ2JceW9qQUJOR0dQAKGcl2x0fCEnNC81QadAFhk6c7SZAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" alt="FIS controllers at work" data-srcset="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/de/flugsicherung/betrieb/17-ke-0132-01-srgb-40x60-01.jpg?cid=chm.1ln9&resize=fbad53:210,0,641,921_641x921c 641w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/de/flugsicherung/betrieb/17-ke-0132-01-srgb-40x60-01.jpg?cid=chm.1ln9&resize=b35e0c:210,0,641,921_570x819c 570w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/de/flugsicherung/betrieb/17-ke-0132-01-srgb-40x60-01.jpg?cid=chm.1ln9&resize=eff304:210,0,641,921_380x546c 380w" title="FIS controllers at work" data-sizes="(min-width: 320px) 380px, 380px" class="i4-img-flexheight" data-i4-img-caption="FIS controllers at work"/><div class="i4-img-copyright-wrapper"><div class="i4-img-copyright">© DFS</div></div></div><p class="paragraph"><br/></p></div></div></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-6 large-1 layout-column show-for-large"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "></div></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-6 large-5 main-column"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "><div class="id-content-first-column id-content"><h2 class="paragraph h1" id="air-traffic-management-860be245">Air traffic management </h2><p class="paragraph">In addition to the air traffic controllers, other specialists work at DFS to ensure safe air traffic: </p><p class="paragraph"><strong>Flight data specialists</strong> monitor the flight plans of all controlled flights within an airspace, known as a sector. When air traffic controllers receive change requests from an aircraft crew regarding routing or level, flight data specialists modify the flight plans<br/>accordingly and forward the information to other cooperation partners, such as neighbouring sectors. Reasons for flight plan changes are, for example, difficult weather situations or emergencies. </p><p class="paragraph"><strong>FIS specialists</strong> play an important role in air safety. The flight information service (FIS) of DFS provides pilots with information during their flight. This information is used by pilots who fly under visual flight rules (VFR). These pilots are not controlled by air traffic controllers. FIS can be reached on designated radiotelephony frequencies in controlled and uncontrolled airspace. Langen is the responsible control centre. The tasks of the FIS specialists include, for<br/>example, providing targeted weather information to pilots who have called in on a frequency, or assisting them with navigation. However, FIS does not establish separation. Pilots flying under VFR are obliged to do this themselves. </p><p class="paragraph"><strong>AIS officers</strong> from our Aeronautical Information Service (AIS) support pilots in preparing for a flight. For example, they receive and process flight plans. All DFS AIS officers work at the AIS Centre in Langen. </p><p class="paragraph"><br/></p><p class="paragraph"> </p></div></div></div></div><div class="columns small-12 medium-6 large-1 layout-column show-for-large"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="row-instance"><div data-component="3956ad99-52b4-4410-a242-b943de5ef8aa.gridBuilder:content-8-centered" data-component-name="common.common.layout.metropolis.framework.meta:gridBuilder:content-8-centered" data-component-chooserId="content:document" data-component-label="One column zentriert: 66%" data-component-path="14779/content/repeat/item[6]/component" class="component component-gridBuilder component-gridBuilder-content-8-centered"><div class="main-row "><div class="row align-center"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 main-column big-column-standalone"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "><div class="id-content-first-column id-content"><div class="i4-img-container i4-align-fullwidth i4-nofloat"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/ziv-mil-tornado-foto-marx.jpg?resize=42f146:780x&cid=etd.1l4s" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="on-visible" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAAECAIAAAAmkwkpAAAAPUlEQVR4XmOIqFgUVLo0tnp5Wec6BreovPSS+ry25an1KxkssxY4xtc11FbEJqYxWGYvdClYklgxp757CQBE5RZV+8vfKwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" alt="Tornado jet flying overhead" data-srcset="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/ziv-mil-tornado-foto-marx.jpg?cid=etd.1l4s&resize=e3e319:1560x 1560w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/ziv-mil-tornado-foto-marx.jpg?cid=etd.1l4s&resize=e7258b:1500x 1500w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/ziv-mil-tornado-foto-marx.jpg?cid=etd.1l4s&resize=7f8c51:1280x 1280w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/ziv-mil-tornado-foto-marx.jpg?cid=etd.1l4s&resize=607a31:1170x 1170w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/ziv-mil-tornado-foto-marx.jpg?cid=etd.1l4s&resize=1ca8a3:1125x 1125w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/ziv-mil-tornado-foto-marx.jpg?cid=etd.1l4s&resize=f5474c:960x 960w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/ziv-mil-tornado-foto-marx.jpg?cid=etd.1l4s&resize=42f146:780x 780w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/ziv-mil-tornado-foto-marx.jpg?cid=etd.1l4s&resize=28e507:750x 750w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/ziv-mil-tornado-foto-marx.jpg?cid=etd.1l4s&resize=61ab2f:720x 720w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/ziv-mil-tornado-foto-marx.jpg?cid=etd.1l4s&resize=31c5d2:640x 640w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/ziv-mil-tornado-foto-marx.jpg?cid=etd.1l4s&resize=8e9863:480x 480w" title="Tornado jet flying overhead" data-sizes="(min-width: 768px) 780px, (min-width: 640px) 748px, (min-width: 480px) 640px, (min-width: 320px) 480px, 780px" class="i4-img-flexheight" data-i4-img-caption="Tornado jet flying overhead"/><div class="i4-img-copyright-wrapper"><div class="i4-img-copyright">© DFS</div></div></div><p class="paragraph"><br/></p><h1 class="paragraph h1" id="civil-military-integration-f5880b04">Civil-military integration </h1><p class="paragraph">DFS has been responsible for handling both civil as well as regional military air traffic in German airspace since its foundation in 1993. To this end, military personnel were integrated into DFS to enable effective and efficient cooperation in all areas of the air navigation services. <br/><br/></p><p class="paragraph"><br/></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="row-instance"><div data-component="3956ad99-52b4-4410-a242-b943de5ef8aa.gridBuilder:content-12" data-component-name="common.common.layout.metropolis.framework.meta:gridBuilder:content-12" data-component-chooserId="content:document" data-component-label="One column: 100%" data-component-path="14779/content/repeat/item[7]/component" class="component component-gridBuilder component-gridBuilder-content-12"><div class="main-row "><div class="row"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 main-column main-column__outward full-column"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "><div class="id-content-first-column id-content"><div class="xhtmlcomponent component-teaserSlider 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class="news-teaser-slider__picture article-teaser__image" data-resize-mode="dynamic"/><div class="i4-img-copyright">© Luftwaffe</div></figure><div class=" news-teaser-slider__caption article-teaser__content"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/luftraummanagement-1/" class="news-teaser-slider__headline article-teaser__headline news-slider__headline"><h2 id="airspace-management-fa5f0377" class="headline h2">Airspace management</h2></a><p class="news-slider__content"><span class="news-slider__teaser-text news-teaser-slider__text article-teaser__teaser">Germany was not only instrumental in developing the European flexible use of airspace (FUA) concept, …</span><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/luftraummanagement-1/" class="news-teaser-slider__more article-teaser__more-button-wrapper"><span class="news-teaser-slider__more-label article-teaser__more-button">read more</span></a></p></div></div></div><div class="indent-4 news-teaser-slider__slide article-teaser article-teaser--mobile-portrait-layout-stacked--small article-teaser--tablet-portrait-layout-aside-large--medium article-teaser--tablet-landscape-layout-aside-large--large article-teaser--desktop-layout-aside-large--xlarge date-1652865023120" data-date="1652865023120"><div class="news-teaser-slider__item article-teaser__wrapper"><figure class="news-teaser-slider__figure article-teaser__picture"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/strategischer-planungsprozess-1/crc-hd.jpg?cid=gm1.1l51" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="none" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="military air traffic controllers" title="military air traffic controllers" class="news-teaser-slider__picture article-teaser__image" data-resize-mode="dynamic"/><div class="i4-img-copyright">© Luftwaffe</div></figure><div class=" news-teaser-slider__caption article-teaser__content"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/strategischer-planungsprozess-1/" class="news-teaser-slider__headline article-teaser__headline news-slider__headline"><h2 id="strategic-planning-process-c0b8d2d3" class="headline h2">Strategic planning process</h2></a><p class="news-slider__content"><span class="news-slider__teaser-text news-teaser-slider__text article-teaser__teaser">Under the auspices of DFS, processes and structures were created in order to be able to continuously …</span><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/strategischer-planungsprozess-1/" class="news-teaser-slider__more article-teaser__more-button-wrapper"><span class="news-teaser-slider__more-label article-teaser__more-button">read more</span></a></p></div></div></div><div class="indent-4 news-teaser-slider__slide article-teaser article-teaser--mobile-portrait-layout-stacked--small article-teaser--tablet-portrait-layout-aside-large--medium article-teaser--tablet-landscape-layout-aside-large--large article-teaser--desktop-layout-aside-large--xlarge date-1652865025747" data-date="1652865025747"><div class="news-teaser-slider__item article-teaser__wrapper"><figure class="news-teaser-slider__figure article-teaser__picture"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/flugsicherungsinfrastruktur-1/efb2-005.jpg?cid=gm2.1l54" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="none" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="air traffic control radar system" title="air traffic control radar system" class="news-teaser-slider__picture article-teaser__image" data-resize-mode="dynamic"/><div class="i4-img-copyright">© Luftwaffe</div></figure><div class=" news-teaser-slider__caption article-teaser__content"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/flugsicherungsinfrastruktur-1/" class="news-teaser-slider__headline article-teaser__headline news-slider__headline"><h2 id="air-traffic-control-infrastructure-ad6a1e61" class="headline h2">Air traffic control infrastructure</h2></a><p class="news-slider__content"><span class="news-slider__teaser-text news-teaser-slider__text article-teaser__teaser">DFS and the German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr) are working on a concept for the joint use of air …</span><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/flugsicherungsinfrastruktur-1/" class="news-teaser-slider__more article-teaser__more-button-wrapper"><span class="news-teaser-slider__more-label article-teaser__more-button">read more</span></a></p></div></div></div><div class="indent-4 news-teaser-slider__slide article-teaser article-teaser--mobile-portrait-layout-stacked--small article-teaser--tablet-portrait-layout-aside-large--medium article-teaser--tablet-landscape-layout-aside-large--large article-teaser--desktop-layout-aside-large--xlarge date-1652865028903" data-date="1652865028903"><div class="news-teaser-slider__item article-teaser__wrapper"><figure class="news-teaser-slider__figure article-teaser__picture"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/aeronautische-und-meteorologische-daten-1/wetter-hd.jpg?cid=gm3.1l58" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="none" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkYAAAAAYAAjCB0C8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt="meterorological chart" title="meterorological chart" class="news-teaser-slider__picture article-teaser__image" data-resize-mode="dynamic"/><div class="i4-img-copyright">© Shutterstock</div></figure><div class=" news-teaser-slider__caption article-teaser__content"><a href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/aeronautische-und-meteorologische-daten-1/" class="news-teaser-slider__headline article-teaser__headline news-slider__headline"><h2 id="aeronautical-and-meteorological-data-7facf550" class="headline h2">Aeronautical and meteorological data</h2></a><p class="news-slider__content"><span class="news-slider__teaser-text news-teaser-slider__text article-teaser__teaser">Another field of cooperation is the exchange and joint use of aeronautical and meteorological data …</span><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/aeronautische-und-meteorologische-daten-1/" class="news-teaser-slider__more article-teaser__more-button-wrapper"><span class="news-teaser-slider__more-label article-teaser__more-button">read more</span></a></p></div></div></div></div><div id="slick-734c79b3-arrows" 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data-component="3956ad99-52b4-4410-a242-b943de5ef8aa.gridBuilder:content-12" data-component-name="common.common.layout.metropolis.framework.meta:gridBuilder:content-12" data-component-chooserId="content:document" data-component-label="One column: 100%" data-component-path="14779/content/repeat/item[8]/component" class="component component-gridBuilder component-gridBuilder-content-12"><div class="main-row "><div class="row"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-12 main-column main-column__outward full-column"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper "><div class="id-content-first-column id-content"><p class="paragraph"><br/><br/></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="row-instance"><div data-component="3956ad99-52b4-4410-a242-b943de5ef8aa.gridBuilder:content-8-centered" data-component-name="common.common.layout.metropolis.framework.meta:gridBuilder:content-8-centered" data-component-chooserId="content:document" data-component-label="One column zentriert: 66%" data-component-path="14779/content/repeat/item[9]/component" class="component component-gridBuilder component-gridBuilder-content-8-centered"><div class="main-row background-light-blue "><div class="row align-center"><div class="columns small-12 medium-12 large-8 main-column big-column-standalone"><div class="main-column__wrapper"><div class="column__content-wrapper main-column__content-wrapper main-column--background-color-light-blue "><div class="id-content-first-column id-content"><h2 class="paragraph h1" id="dfs-academy-433162ca">DFS Academy</h2><div class="i4-img-container i4-align-fullwidth i4-nofloat"><img data-src="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/schulung-5812-hr-ret-hd.jpg?resize=5342e1:780x&cid=f8i.1l4o" data-ng-non-bindable="" data-lazy-mode="on-visible" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAQAAAAECAIAAAAmkwkpAAAAP0lEQVR4XgE0AMv/ANfQwdTSw8O+rKqmmQAfFxC4s6iLdlqIel0Ai3dmwbmtUDo7mY5+AMnDu8vCvLaomXFiVOd7G6JJubVZAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" alt="training in classroom" data-srcset="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/schulung-5812-hr-ret-hd.jpg?cid=f8i.1l4o&resize=c7a98c:1560x 1560w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/schulung-5812-hr-ret-hd.jpg?cid=f8i.1l4o&resize=be5906:1500x 1500w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/schulung-5812-hr-ret-hd.jpg?cid=f8i.1l4o&resize=3fe4a3:1280x 1280w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/schulung-5812-hr-ret-hd.jpg?cid=f8i.1l4o&resize=ed9afb:1170x 1170w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/schulung-5812-hr-ret-hd.jpg?cid=f8i.1l4o&resize=0d0593:1125x 1125w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/schulung-5812-hr-ret-hd.jpg?cid=f8i.1l4o&resize=ea5178:960x 960w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/schulung-5812-hr-ret-hd.jpg?cid=f8i.1l4o&resize=5342e1:780x 780w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/schulung-5812-hr-ret-hd.jpg?cid=f8i.1l4o&resize=ca7106:750x 750w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/schulung-5812-hr-ret-hd.jpg?cid=f8i.1l4o&resize=073db6:720x 720w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/schulung-5812-hr-ret-hd.jpg?cid=f8i.1l4o&resize=8f378c:640x 640w, https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/air-traffic-control/operations/schulung-5812-hr-ret-hd.jpg?cid=f8i.1l4o&resize=87e0c1:480x 480w" title="training in classroom" data-sizes="(min-width: 768px) 780px, (min-width: 640px) 748px, (min-width: 480px) 640px, (min-width: 320px) 480px, 780px" class="i4-img-flexheight" data-i4-img-caption="training in classroom"/><div class="i4-img-copyright-wrapper"><div class="i4-img-copyright">© DFS</div></div></div><p class="paragraph"><br/></p><p class="paragraph">We train our operational staff at our own Air Navigation Services Academy. The student air traffic controllers learn everything they need for their future profession, from navigation and meteorology to radiotelephony procedures and aviation English. They are taught by experienced air traffic control professionals.</p><p class="paragraph">Practical exercises are a vital part of the training. Our modern simulators perfectly replicate the working environment in towers and control centres. The student air traffic controllers can apply what they have learned in these simulators. This is followed seamlessly by the practical part of the training, which takes place in the future workplace.</p><p class="paragraph">The DFS Air Navigation Services Academy enjoys an excellent reputation beyond Germany. Air navigation service providers in other countries also use our expertise and technology for the initial and continuing training of their air traffic controllers. </p><p class="paragraph"><a rel="" href="https://www.dfs.de/homepage/en/services/training/" title="Go to Web page "Training"" class="hyperlink metropolis-primary-button internal-link" target="_self">Training<br/></a></p><p class="paragraph"><br/></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </main> <div class="main-bottom"></div> </div> <footer aria-label="Seitenfuß" class="footer" data-navigation-anchor="" id="page-footer"><div><div class="footer-top-wrapper"><div class="footer-top__stripe"><img src="https://www.dfs.de/:res/modules/dfs/homepage/default/img/stripe_flat.svg?fp=eb1bab765208" alt=""/></div><div class="row footer-top-row"><div class="columns small-12 footer-top-column"><div class="footer-top"><div class="footer-top-nav"><ul><li><a 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