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Metadata in HTML</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/HTML_text_fundamentals">HTML text fundamentals</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Creating_hyperlinks">Creating hyperlinks</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Advanced_text_formatting">Advanced text formatting</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Document_and_website_structure">Document and website structure</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Debugging_HTML">Debugging HTML</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Marking_up_a_letter">Marking up a letter</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Structuring_a_page_of_content">Structuring a page of content</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Multimedia and embedding</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding">Multimedia and embedding</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Images_in_HTML">Images in HTML</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Video_and_audio_content">Video and audio content</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Other_embedding_technologies">From object to iframe — other embedding technologies</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web">Adding vector graphics to the web</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Responsive_images">Responsive images</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Mozilla_splash_page">Mozilla splash page</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>HTML tables</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables">HTML tables</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Basics">HTML table basics</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Advanced">HTML table advanced features and accessibility</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Structuring_planet_data">Structuring planet data</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS">CSS — Styling the web</a></li><li><details><summary>CSS first steps</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps">CSS first steps</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/What_is_CSS">What is CSS?</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/Getting_started">Getting started with CSS</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/How_CSS_is_structured">How CSS is structured</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/How_CSS_works">How CSS works</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/Styling_a_biography_page">Styling a biography page</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>CSS building blocks</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks">CSS building blocks</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors">CSS selectors</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Type_Class_and_ID_Selectors">Type, class, and ID selectors</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Attribute_selectors">Attribute selectors</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Pseudo-classes_and_pseudo-elements">Pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Combinators">Combinators</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Cascade_and_inheritance">Cascade, specificity, and inheritance</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Cascade_layers">Cascade layers</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/The_box_model">The box model</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Backgrounds_and_borders">Backgrounds and borders</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Handling_different_text_directions">Handling different text directions</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Overflowing_content">Overflowing content</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Values_and_units">CSS values and units</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Sizing_items_in_CSS">Sizing items in CSS</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Images_media_form_elements">Images, media, and form elements</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Styling_tables">Styling tables</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Advanced_styling_effects">Advanced styling effects</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Debugging_CSS">Debugging CSS</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Organizing">Organizing your CSS</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Fundamental_CSS_comprehension">Fundamental CSS comprehension</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Creating_fancy_letterheaded_paper">Creating fancy letterheaded paper</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/A_cool_looking_box">A cool-looking box</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Styling text</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text">CSS styling text</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Fundamentals">Fundamental text and font styling</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Styling_lists">Styling lists</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Styling_links">Styling links</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Web_fonts">Web fonts</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Typesetting_a_homepage">Typesetting a community school homepage</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>CSS layout</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout">CSS layout</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Introduction">Introduction to CSS layout</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Normal_Flow">Normal Flow</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Flexbox">Flexbox</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Grids">Grids</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Floats">Floats</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Positioning">Positioning</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Multiple-column_Layout">Multiple-column layout</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Responsive_Design">Responsive design</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Media_queries">Beginner's guide to media queries</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Legacy_Layout_Methods">Legacy layout methods</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Supporting_Older_Browsers">Supporting older browsers</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Fundamental_Layout_Comprehension">Fundamental layout comprehension</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript">JavaScript — Dynamic client-side scripting</a></li><li><details><summary>JavaScript first steps</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps">JavaScript first steps</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/What_is_JavaScript">What is JavaScript?</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/A_first_splash">A first splash into JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/What_went_wrong">What went wrong? Troubleshooting JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Variables">Storing the information you need — Variables</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Math">Basic math in JavaScript — numbers and operators</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Strings">Handling text — strings in JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Useful_string_methods">Useful string methods</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Arrays">Arrays</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Silly_story_generator">Silly story generator</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>JavaScript building blocks</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks">JavaScript building blocks</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/conditionals">Making decisions in your code — conditionals</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Looping_code">Looping code</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Functions">Functions — reusable blocks of code</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Build_your_own_function">Build your own function</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Return_values">Function return values</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Events">Introduction to events</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Event_bubbling">Event bubbling</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Image_gallery">Image gallery</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Introducing JavaScript objects</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects">Introducing JavaScript objects</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Basics">JavaScript object basics</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object_prototypes">Object prototypes</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object-oriented_programming">Object-oriented programming</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Classes_in_JavaScript">Classes in JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/JSON">Working with JSON</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object_building_practice">Object building practice</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Adding_bouncing_balls_features">Adding features to our bouncing balls demo</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Asynchronous JavaScript</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous">Asynchronous JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Introducing">Introducing asynchronous JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Promises">How to use promises</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Implementing_a_promise-based_API">How to implement a promise-based API</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Introducing_workers">Introducing workers</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Sequencing_animations">Sequencing animations</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Client-side web APIs</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs">Client-side web APIs</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Introduction">Introduction to web APIs</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Manipulating_documents">Manipulating documents</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Fetching_data">Fetching data from the server</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Third_party_APIs">Third-party APIs</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Drawing_graphics">Drawing graphics</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Video_and_audio_APIs">Video and Audio APIs</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Client-side_storage">Client-side storage</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms">Web forms — Working with user data</a></li><li><details><summary>Web form building blocks</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms">Web form building blocks</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Your_first_form">Your first form</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/How_to_structure_a_web_form">How to structure a web form</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Basic_native_form_controls">Basic native form controls</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/HTML5_input_types">The HTML5 input types</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Other_form_controls">Other form controls</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Styling_web_forms">Styling web forms</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Advanced_form_styling">Advanced form styling</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/UI_pseudo-classes">UI pseudo-classes</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Form_validation">Client-side form validation</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Sending_and_retrieving_form_data">Sending form data</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Advanced web form techniques</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/How_to_build_custom_form_controls">How to build custom form controls</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Sending_forms_through_JavaScript">Sending forms through JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Property_compatibility_table_for_form_controls">CSS property compatibility table for form controls</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/HTML_forms_in_legacy_browsers">HTML forms in legacy browsers</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility">Accessibility — Make the web usable by everyone</a></li><li><details><summary>Accessibility guides</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/What_is_accessibility">What is accessibility?</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/HTML">HTML: A good basis for accessibility</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/CSS_and_JavaScript">CSS and JavaScript accessibility best practices</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/WAI-ARIA_basics">WAI-ARIA basics</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Multimedia">Accessible multimedia</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Mobile">Mobile accessibility</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Accessibility_troubleshooting">Assessment: Accessibility troubleshooting</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance">Performance — Making websites fast and responsive</a></li><li><details><summary>Performance guides</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance">Web performance</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/why_web_performance">The "why" of web performance</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/What_is_web_performance">What is web performance?</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/Perceived_performance">Perceived performance</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/Measuring_performance">Measuring performance</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/Multimedia">Multimedia: Images</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/video">Multimedia: video</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/JavaScript">JavaScript performance optimization</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/HTML">HTML performance optimization</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/CSS">CSS performance optimization</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/business_case_for_performance">The business case for web performance</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML">MathML — Writing mathematics with MathML</a></li><li><details><summary>MathML first steps</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps">MathML first steps</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Getting_started">Getting started with MathML</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Text_containers">MathML Text Containers</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Fractions_and_roots">MathML fractions and roots</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Scripts">MathML scripted elements</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Tables">MathML tables</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Three_famous_mathematical_formulas">Three famous mathematical formulas</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/../Games">Games — Developing games for the web</a></li><li><details><summary>Guides and tutorials</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Introduction">Introduction to game development for the Web</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques">Techniques for game development</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Tutorials">Tutorials</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Publishing_games">Publishing games</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing">Tools and testing</a></li><li><details><summary>Client-side web development tools</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools">Understanding client-side web development tools</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Overview">Client-side tooling overview</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Command_line">Command line crash course</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Package_management">Package management basics</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Introducing_complete_toolchain">Introducing a complete toolchain</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Deployment">Deploying our app</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Introduction to client-side frameworks</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Introduction">Introduction to client-side frameworks</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Main_features">Framework main features</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>React</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_getting_started">Getting started with React</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning">Beginning our React todo list</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_components">Componentizing our React app</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_interactivity_events_state">React interactivity: Events and state</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_interactivity_filtering_conditional_rendering">React interactivity: Editing, filtering, conditional rendering</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_accessibility">Accessibility in React</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_resources">React resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Ember</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_getting_started">Getting started with Ember</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_structure_componentization">Ember app structure and componentization</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_interactivity_events_state">Ember interactivity: Events, classes and state</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_conditional_footer">Ember Interactivity: Footer functionality, conditional rendering</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_routing">Routing in Ember</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_resources">Ember resources and troubleshooting</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details open=""><summary>Vue</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_getting_started">Getting started with Vue</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component">Creating our first Vue component</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_rendering_lists">Rendering a list of Vue components</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_methods_events_models">Adding a new todo form: Vue events, methods, and models</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_styling">Styling Vue components with CSS</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_computed_properties">Using Vue computed properties</a></li><li><em><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_conditional_rendering" aria-current="page">Vue conditional rendering: editing existing todos</a></em></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_refs_focus_management">Vue refs and lifecycle methods for focus management</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_resources">Vue resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Svelte</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_getting_started">Getting started with Svelte</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_Todo_list_beginning">Starting our Svelte to-do list app</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_variables_props">Dynamic behavior in Svelte: working with variables and props</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_components">Componentizing our Svelte app</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_reactivity_lifecycle_accessibility">Advanced Svelte: Reactivity, lifecycle, accessibility</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_stores">Working with Svelte stores</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_TypeScript">TypeScript support in Svelte</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_deployment_next">Deployment and next steps</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Angular</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_getting_started">Getting started with Angular</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_todo_list_beginning">Beginning our Angular todo list app</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_styling">Styling our Angular app</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_item_component">Creating an item component</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_filtering">Filtering our to-do items</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_building">Building Angular applications and further resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Git and GitHub</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/GitHub">Git and GitHub</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Cross browser testing</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing">Cross browser testing</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Introduction">Introduction to cross-browser testing</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Testing_strategies">Strategies for carrying out testing</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/HTML_and_CSS">Handling common HTML and CSS problems</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/JavaScript">Handling common JavaScript problems</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Accessibility">Handling common accessibility problems</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Feature_detection">Implementing feature detection</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Automated_testing">Introduction to automated testing</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Your_own_automation_environment">Setting up your own test automation environment</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side">Server-side website programming</a></li><li><details><summary>First steps</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps">Server-side website programming first steps</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Introduction">Introduction to the server side</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Client-Server_overview">Client-Server Overview</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Web_frameworks">Server-side web frameworks</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Website_security">Website security</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Django web framework (Python)</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django">Django Web Framework (Python)</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Introduction">Django introduction</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/development_environment">Setting up a Django development environment</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Tutorial_local_library_website">Django Tutorial: The Local Library website</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/skeleton_website">Django Tutorial Part 2: Creating a skeleton website</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Models">Django Tutorial Part 3: Using models</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Admin_site">Django Tutorial Part 4: Django admin site</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Home_page">Django Tutorial Part 5: Creating our home page</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Generic_views">Django Tutorial Part 6: Generic list and detail views</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Sessions">Django Tutorial Part 7: Sessions framework</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Authentication">Django Tutorial Part 8: User authentication and permissions</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Forms">Django Tutorial Part 9: Working with forms</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Testing">Django Tutorial Part 10: Testing a Django web application</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Deployment">Django Tutorial Part 11: Deploying Django to production</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/web_application_security">Django web application security</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/django_assessment_blog">Assessment: DIY Django mini blog</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Express Web Framework (Node.js/JavaScript)</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs">Express web framework (Node.js/JavaScript)</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Introduction">Express/Node introduction</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/development_environment">Setting up a Node development environment</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Tutorial_local_library_website">Express Tutorial: The Local Library website</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/skeleton_website">Express Tutorial Part 2: Creating a skeleton website</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/mongoose">Express Tutorial Part 3: Using a Database (with Mongoose)</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/routes">Express Tutorial Part 4: Routes and controllers</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Displaying_data">Express Tutorial Part 5: Displaying library data</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/forms">Express Tutorial Part 6: Working with forms</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/deployment">Express Tutorial Part 7: Deploying to production</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions">Further resources</a></li><li><details><summary>Common questions</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions">Common questions</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Howto">Use HTML to solve common problems</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Howto">Use CSS to solve common problems</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Howto">Solve common problems in your JavaScript code</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Web_mechanics">Web mechanics</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Tools_and_setup">Tools and setup</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Design_and_accessibility">Design and accessibility</a></li></ol></details></li></ol></div></div><section class="place side"></section></nav></aside><div class="toc-container"><aside class="toc"><nav><div class="document-toc-container"><section class="document-toc"><header><h2 class="document-toc-heading">In this article</h2></header><ul class="document-toc-list"><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#creating_an_editing_component">Creating an editing component</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#modifying_our_todoitem_component">Modifying our ToDoItem component</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#conditionally_displaying_components_via_v-if_and_v-else">Conditionally displaying components via v-if and v-else</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#getting_back_out_of_edit_mode">Getting back out of edit mode</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#updating_and_deleting_todo_items">Updating and deleting todo items</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#fixing_a_small_bug_with_isdone_status">Fixing a small bug with isDone status</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#understanding_the_tangle_of_events">Understanding the tangle of events</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#summary">Summary</a></li></ul></section></div></nav></aside><section class="place side"></section></div></div><main id="content" class="main-content "><article class="main-page-content" lang="en-US"><header><h1>Vue conditional rendering: editing existing todos</h1></header><div class="section-content"><ul class="prev-next"> <li><a class="button secondary" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_computed_properties"><span class="button-wrap"> Previous </span></a></li> <li><a class="button secondary" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks"><span class="button-wrap"> Overview: Understanding client-side JavaScript frameworks</span></a></li> <li><a class="button secondary" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_refs_focus_management"><span class="button-wrap"> Next </span></a></li> </ul> <p>Now it is time to add one of the major parts of functionality that we're still missing — the ability to edit existing todo items. To do this, we will take advantage of Vue's conditional rendering capabilities — namely <code>v-if</code> and <code>v-else</code> — to allow us to toggle between the existing todo item view, and an edit view where you can update todo item labels. We'll also look at adding functionality to delete todo items.</p> <figure class="table-container"><table> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row">Prerequisites:</th> <td> <p> Familiarity with the core <a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML">HTML</a>, <a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS">CSS</a>, and <a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript">JavaScript</a> languages, knowledge of the <a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Command_line">terminal/command line</a>. </p> <p> Vue components are written as a combination of JavaScript objects that manage the app's data and an HTML-based template syntax that maps to the underlying DOM structure. For installation, and to use some of the more advanced features of Vue (like Single File Components or render functions), you'll need a terminal with node + npm installed. </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Objective:</th> <td>To learn how to do conditional rendering in Vue.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></figure></div><section aria-labelledby="creating_an_editing_component"><h2 id="creating_an_editing_component"><a href="#creating_an_editing_component">Creating an editing component</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>We can start by creating a separate component to handle the editing functionality. In your <code>components</code> directory, create a new file called <code>ToDoItemEditForm.vue</code>. Copy the following code into that file:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><template> <form class="stack-small" @submit.prevent="onSubmit"> <div> <label class="edit-label">Edit Name for &quot;{{label}}&quot;</label> <input :id="id" type="text" autocomplete="off" v-model.lazy.trim="newLabel" /> </div> <div class="btn-group"> <button type="button" class="btn" @click="onCancel"> Cancel <span class="visually-hidden">editing {{label}}</span> </button> <button type="submit" class="btn btn__primary"> Save <span class="visually-hidden">edit for {{label}}</span> </button> </div> </form> </template> <script> export default { props: { label: { type: String, required: true, }, id: { type: String, required: true, }, }, data() { return { newLabel: this.label, }; }, methods: { onSubmit() { if (this.newLabel && this.newLabel !== this.label) { this.$emit("item-edited", this.newLabel); } }, onCancel() { this.$emit("edit-cancelled"); }, }, }; </script> <style scoped> .edit-label { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; color: #0b0c0c; display: block; margin-bottom: 5px; } input { display: inline-block; margin-top: 0.4rem; width: 100%; min-height: 4.4rem; padding: 0.4rem 0.8rem; border: 2px solid #565656; } form { display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; } form > * { flex: 0 0 100%; } </style> </code></pre></div> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> Walk through the above code then read the below description to make sure you understand everything the component is doing before moving on. This is a useful way to help reinforce everything you've learned so far.</p> </div> <p>This code sets up the core of the edit functionality. We create a form with an <code><input></code> field for editing the name of our to-do.</p> <p>There is a "Save" button and a "Cancel" button:</p> <ul> <li>When the "Save" button is clicked, the component emits the new label via an <code>item-edited</code> event.</li> <li>When the "Cancel" button is clicked, the component signals this by emitting an <code>edit-cancelled</code> event.</li> </ul></div></section><section aria-labelledby="modifying_our_todoitem_component"><h2 id="modifying_our_todoitem_component"><a href="#modifying_our_todoitem_component">Modifying our ToDoItem component</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>Before we can add <code>ToDoItemEditForm</code> to our app, we need to make a few modifications to our <code>ToDoItem</code> component. Specifically, we need to add a variable to track if the item is being edited, and a button to toggle that variable. We'll also add a <code>Delete</code> button since deletion is closely related.</p> <p>Update your <code>ToDoItem</code>'s template as shown below.</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><template> <div class="stack-small"> <div class="custom-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" :id="id" :checked="isDone" @change="$emit('checkbox-changed')" /> <label :for="id" class="checkbox-label">{{label}}</label> </div> <div class="btn-group"> <button type="button" class="btn" @click="toggleToItemEditForm"> Edit <span class="visually-hidden">{{label}}</span> </button> <button type="button" class="btn btn__danger" @click="deleteToDo"> Delete <span class="visually-hidden">{{label}}</span> </button> </div> </div> </template> </code></pre></div> <p>We've added a wrapper <code><div></code> around the whole template for layout purposes.</p> <p>We've also added "Edit" and "Delete" buttons:</p> <ul> <li>The "Edit" button, when clicked, will toggle displaying the <code>ToDoItemEditForm</code> component so we can use it to edit our todo item, via an event handler function called <code>toggleToItemEditForm()</code>. This handler will set an <code>isEditing</code> flag to true. To do that, we'll need to first define it inside our <code>data()</code> property.</li> <li>The "Delete" button, when clicked, will delete the todo item via an event handler function called <code>deleteToDo()</code>. In this handler we'll emit an <code>item-deleted</code> event to our parent component so the list can be updated.</li> </ul> <p>Let's define our click handlers, and the necessary <code>isEditing</code> flag.</p> <p>Add <code>isEditing</code> below your existing <code>isDone</code> data point:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>data() { return { isDone: this.done, isEditing: false }; } </code></pre></div> <p>Now add your methods inside a methods property, right below your <code>data()</code> property:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>methods: { deleteToDo() { this.$emit('item-deleted'); }, toggleToItemEditForm() { this.isEditing = true; } } </code></pre></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="conditionally_displaying_components_via_v-if_and_v-else"><h2 id="conditionally_displaying_components_via_v-if_and_v-else"><a href="#conditionally_displaying_components_via_v-if_and_v-else">Conditionally displaying components via v-if and v-else</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>Now we have an <code>isEditing</code> flag that we can use to signify that the item is being edited (or not). If <code>isEditing</code> is true, we want to use that flag to display our <code>ToDoItemEditForm</code> instead of the checkbox. To do that, we'll use another Vue directive: <a href="https://vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-if" class="external" target="_blank"><code>v-if</code></a>.</p> <p>The <code>v-if</code> directive will only render a block if the value passed to it is truthy. This is similar to how an <code>if</code> statement works in JavaScript. <code>v-if</code> also has corresponding <a href="https://vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-else-if" class="external" target="_blank"><code>v-else-if</code></a> and <a href="https://vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-else" class="external" target="_blank"><code>v-else</code></a> directives to provide the equivalent of JavaScript <code>else if</code> and <code>else</code> logic inside Vue templates.</p> <p>It's important to note that <code>v-else</code> and <code>v-else-if</code> blocks need to be the first sibling of a <code>v-if</code>/<code>v-else-if</code> block, otherwise Vue will not recognize them. You can also attach <code>v-if</code> to a <code><template></code> tag if you need to conditionally render an entire template.</p> <p>Lastly, you can use a <code>v-if</code> + <code>v-else</code> at the root of your component to display only one block or another, since Vue will only render one of these blocks at a time. We'll do this in our app, as it will allow us to replace the code that displays our to-do item with the edit form.</p> <p>First of all add <code>v-if="!isEditing"</code> to the root <code><div></code> in your <code>ToDoItem</code> component,</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><div class="stack-small" v-if="!isEditing"></div> </code></pre></div> <p>Next, below that <code><div></code>'s closing tag add the following line:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><to-do-item-edit-form v-else :id="id" :label="label"></to-do-item-edit-form> </code></pre></div> <p>We also need to import and register the <code>ToDoItemEditForm</code> component, so we can use it inside this template. Add this line at the top of your <code><script></code> element:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>import ToDoItemEditForm from "./ToDoItemEditForm"; </code></pre></div> <p>And add a <code>components</code> property above the <code>props</code> property inside the component object:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>components: { ToDoItemEditForm }, </code></pre></div> <p>Now, if you go to your app and click a todo item's "Edit" button, you should see the checkbox replaced with the edit form.</p> <p> <img src="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_conditional_rendering/todo-edit-delete.png" alt="The todo list app, with Edit and Delete buttons shown, and one of the todos in edit mode, with an edit input and save and cancel buttons shown" width="777" height="605" loading="lazy"> </p> <p>However, there's currently no way to go back. To fix that, we need to add some more event handlers to our component.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="getting_back_out_of_edit_mode"><h2 id="getting_back_out_of_edit_mode"><a href="#getting_back_out_of_edit_mode">Getting back out of edit mode</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>First, we need to add an <code>itemEdited()</code> method to our <code>ToDoItem</code> component's <code>methods</code>. This method should take the new item label as an argument, emit an <code>itemEdited</code> event to the parent component, and set <code>isEditing</code> to <code>false</code>.</p> <p>Add it now, below your existing methods:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>itemEdited(newLabel) { this.$emit('item-edited', newLabel); this.isEditing = false; } </code></pre></div> <p>Next, we'll need an <code>editCancelled()</code> method. This method will take no arguments and just serve to set <code>isEditing</code> back to <code>false</code>. Add this method below the previous one:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>editCancelled() { this.isEditing = false; } </code></pre></div> <p>Last for this section, we'll add event handlers for the events emitted by the <code>ToDoItemEditForm</code> component, and attach the appropriate methods to each event.</p> <p>Update your <code><to-do-item-edit-form></to-do-item-edit-form></code> call to look like so:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><to-do-item-edit-form v-else :id="id" :label="label" @item-edited="itemEdited" @edit-cancelled="editCancelled"> </to-do-item-edit-form> </code></pre></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="updating_and_deleting_todo_items"><h2 id="updating_and_deleting_todo_items"><a href="#updating_and_deleting_todo_items">Updating and deleting todo items</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>Now we can toggle between the edit form and the checkbox. However, we haven't actually handled updating the <code>ToDoItems</code> array back in <code>App.vue</code>. To fix that, we need to listen for the <code>item-edited</code> event, and update the list accordingly. We'll also want to handle the delete event so that we can delete todo items.</p> <p>Add the following new methods to your <code>App.vue</code>'s component object, below the existing methods inside the <code>methods</code> property:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>deleteToDo(toDoId) { const itemIndex = this.ToDoItems.findIndex((item) => item.id === toDoId); this.ToDoItems.splice(itemIndex, 1); }, editToDo(toDoId, newLabel) { const toDoToEdit = this.ToDoItems.find((item) => item.id === toDoId); toDoToEdit.label = newLabel; } </code></pre></div> <p>Next, we'll add the event listeners for the <code>item-deleted</code> and <code>item-edited</code> events:</p> <ul> <li>For <code>item-deleted</code>, you'll need to pass the <code>item.id</code> to the method.</li> <li>For <code>item-edited</code>, you'll need to pass the <code>item.id</code> and the special <code>$event</code> variable. This is a special Vue variable used to pass event data to methods. When using native HTML events (like <code>click</code>), this will pass the native event object to your method.</li> </ul> <p>Update the <code><to-do-item></to-do-item></code> call inside the <code>App.vue</code> template to look like this:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><to-do-item :label="item.label" :done="item.done" :id="item.id" @checkbox-changed="updateDoneStatus(item.id)" @item-deleted="deleteToDo(item.id)" @item-edited="editToDo(item.id, $event)"> </to-do-item> </code></pre></div> <p>And there you have it — you should now be able to edit and delete items from the list!</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="fixing_a_small_bug_with_isdone_status"><h2 id="fixing_a_small_bug_with_isdone_status"><a href="#fixing_a_small_bug_with_isdone_status">Fixing a small bug with isDone status</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>This is great so far, but we've actually introduced a bug by adding in the edit functionality. Try doing this:</p> <ol> <li>Check (or uncheck) one of the todo checkboxes.</li> <li>Press the "Edit" button for that todo item.</li> <li>Cancel the edit by pressing the "Cancel" button.</li> </ol> <p>Note the state of the checkbox after you cancel — not only has the app forgotten the state of the checkbox, but the done status of that todo item is now out of whack. If you try checking (or unchecking) it again, the completed count will change in the opposite way to what you'd expect. This is because the <code>isDone</code> inside <code>data</code> is only given the value <code>this.done</code> on component load.</p> <p>Fixing this is fortunately quite easy — we can do this by converting our <code>isDone</code> data item into a <a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_computed_properties">computed property</a> — another advantage of computed properties is that they preserve <a href="https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/reactivity-fundamentals.html" class="external" target="_blank">reactivity</a>, meaning (among other things) that their state is saved when the template changes like ours is now doing.</p> <p>So, let's implement the fix in <code>ToDoItem.vue</code>:</p> <ol> <li> <p>Remove the following line from inside our <code>data()</code> property:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>isDone: this.done, </code></pre></div> </li> <li> <p>Add the following block below the data() { } block:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>computed: { isDone() { return this.done; } }, </code></pre></div> </li> </ol> <p>Now when you save and reload, you'll find that the problem is solved — the checkbox state is now preserved when you switch between todo item templates.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="understanding_the_tangle_of_events"><h2 id="understanding_the_tangle_of_events"><a href="#understanding_the_tangle_of_events">Understanding the tangle of events</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>One of the most potentially confusing parts is the tangle of standard and custom events we've used to trigger all the interactivity in our app. To understand this better, it is a good idea to write out a flow chart, description, or diagram of what events are emitted where, where they are being listened for, and what happens as a result of them firing.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="app.vue"><h3 id="app.vue"><a href="#app.vue">App.vue</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p><code><to-do-form></code> listens for:</p> <ul> <li> <code>todo-added</code> event emitted by the <code>onSubmit()</code> method inside the <code>ToDoForm</code> component when the form is submitted. <strong>Result</strong>: <code>addToDo()</code> method invoked to add new todo item to the <code>ToDoItems</code> array. </li> </ul> <p><code><to-do-item></code> listens for:</p> <ul> <li> <code>checkbox-changed</code> event emitted by the checkbox <code><input></code> inside the <code>ToDoItem</code> component when it is checked or unchecked. <strong>Result</strong>: <code>updateDoneStatus()</code> method invoked to update done status of associated todo item. </li> <li> <code>item-deleted</code> event emitted by the <code>deleteToDo()</code> method inside the <code>ToDoItem</code> component when the "Delete" button is pressed. <strong>Result</strong>: <code>deleteToDo()</code> method invoked to delete associated todo item. </li> <li> <code>item-edited</code> event emitted by the <code>itemEdited()</code> method inside the <code>ToDoItem</code> component when the <code>item-edited</code> event emitted by the <code>onSubmit()</code> method inside the <code>ToDoItemEditForm</code> has been successfully listened for. Yes, this is a chain of two different <code>item-edited</code> events! <strong>Result</strong>: <code>editToDo()</code> method invoked to update label of associated todo item. </li> </ul></div></section><section aria-labelledby="todoform.vue"><h3 id="todoform.vue"><a href="#todoform.vue">ToDoForm.vue</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p> <code><form></code> listens for <code>submit</code> event. <strong>Result</strong>: <code>onSubmit()</code> method is invoked, which checks that the new label is not empty, then emits the <code>todo-added</code> event (which is then listened for inside <code>App.vue</code>, see above), and finally clears the new label <code><input></code>. </p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="todoitem.vue"><h3 id="todoitem.vue"><a href="#todoitem.vue">ToDoItem.vue</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p> The <code><input></code> of <code>type="checkbox"</code> listens for <code>change</code> events. <strong>Result</strong>: <code>checkbox-changed</code> event emitted when the checkbox is checked/unchecked (which is then listened for inside <code>App.vue</code>; see above). </p> <p> "Edit" <code><button></code> listens for <code>click</code> event. <strong>Result</strong>: <code>toggleToItemEditForm()</code> method is invoked, which toggles <code>this.isEditing</code> to <code>true</code>, which in turn displays the todo item's edit form on re-render. </p> <p> "Delete" <code><button></code> listens for <code>click</code> event. <strong>Result</strong>: <code>deleteToDo()</code> method is invoked, which emits the <code>item-deleted</code> event (which is then listened for inside <code>App.vue</code>; see above). </p> <p><code><to-do-item-edit-form></code> listens for:</p> <ul> <li> <code>item-edited</code> event emitted by the <code>onSubmit()</code> method inside the <code>ToDoItemEditForm</code> component when the form is successfully submitted. <strong>Result</strong>: <code>itemEdited()</code> method is invoked, which emits the <code>item-edited</code> event (which is then listened for inside <code>App.vue</code>, see above), and sets <code>this.isEditing</code> back to <code>false</code>, so that the edit form is no longer shown on re-render. </li> <li> <code>edit-cancelled</code> event emitted by the <code>onCancel()</code> method inside the <code>ToDoItemEditForm</code> component when the "Cancel" button is clicked. <strong>Result</strong>: <code>editCancelled()</code> method is invoked, which sets <code>this.isEditing</code> back to <code>false</code>, so that the edit form is no longer shown on re-render. </li> </ul></div></section><section aria-labelledby="todoitemeditform.vue"><h3 id="todoitemeditform.vue"><a href="#todoitemeditform.vue">ToDoItemEditForm.vue</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p> <code><form></code> listens for <code>submit</code> event. <strong>Result</strong>: <code>onSubmit()</code> method is invoked, which checks to see if the new label value is not blank, and not the same as the old one, and if so emits the <code>item-edited</code> event (which is then listened for inside <code>ToDoItem.vue</code>, see above). </p> <p> "Cancel" <code><button></code> listens for <code>click</code> event. <strong>Result</strong>: <code>onCancel()</code> method is invoked, which emits the <code>edit-cancelled</code> event (which is then listened for inside <code>ToDoItem.vue</code>, see above). </p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="summary"><h2 id="summary"><a href="#summary">Summary</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>This article has been fairly intense, and we covered a lot here. We've now got edit and delete functionality in our app, which is fairly exciting. We are nearing the end of our Vue series now. The last bit of functionality to look at is focus management, or put another way, how we can improve our app's keyboard accessibility.</p><ul class="prev-next"> <li><a class="button secondary" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_computed_properties"><span class="button-wrap"> Previous </span></a></li> <li><a class="button secondary" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks"><span class="button-wrap"> Overview: Understanding client-side JavaScript frameworks</span></a></li> <li><a class="button secondary" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_refs_focus_management"><span class="button-wrap"> Next </span></a></li> </ul></div></section></article><aside class="article-footer"><div class="article-footer-inner"><div class="svg-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="162" height="162" viewBox="0 0 162 162" fill="none" role="none"><mask id="b" 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Metadata in HTML</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/HTML_text_fundamentals\">HTML text fundamentals</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Creating_hyperlinks\">Creating hyperlinks</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Advanced_text_formatting\">Advanced text formatting</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Document_and_website_structure\">Document and website structure</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Debugging_HTML\">Debugging HTML</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Marking_up_a_letter\">Marking up a letter</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Structuring_a_page_of_content\">Structuring a page of content</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Multimedia and embedding</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding\">Multimedia and embedding</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Images_in_HTML\">Images in HTML</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Video_and_audio_content\">Video and audio content</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Other_embedding_technologies\">From object to iframe — other embedding technologies</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web\">Adding vector graphics to the web</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Responsive_images\">Responsive images</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Mozilla_splash_page\">Mozilla splash page</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>HTML tables</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables\">HTML tables</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Basics\">HTML table basics</a></li><li><a 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href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks\">CSS building blocks</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors\">CSS selectors</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Type_Class_and_ID_Selectors\">Type, class, and ID selectors</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Attribute_selectors\">Attribute selectors</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Pseudo-classes_and_pseudo-elements\">Pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Combinators\">Combinators</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Cascade_and_inheritance\">Cascade, specificity, and inheritance</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Cascade_layers\">Cascade layers</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/The_box_model\">The box model</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Backgrounds_and_borders\">Backgrounds and borders</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Handling_different_text_directions\">Handling different text directions</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Overflowing_content\">Overflowing content</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Values_and_units\">CSS values and units</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Sizing_items_in_CSS\">Sizing items in CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Images_media_form_elements\">Images, media, and form elements</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Styling_tables\">Styling tables</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Advanced_styling_effects\">Advanced styling effects</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Debugging_CSS\">Debugging CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Organizing\">Organizing your CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Fundamental_CSS_comprehension\">Fundamental CSS comprehension</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Creating_fancy_letterheaded_paper\">Creating fancy letterheaded paper</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/A_cool_looking_box\">A cool-looking box</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Styling text</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text\">CSS styling text</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Fundamentals\">Fundamental text and font styling</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Styling_lists\">Styling lists</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Styling_links\">Styling links</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Web_fonts\">Web fonts</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Typesetting_a_homepage\">Typesetting a community school homepage</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>CSS layout</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout\">CSS layout</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Introduction\">Introduction to CSS layout</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Normal_Flow\">Normal Flow</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Flexbox\">Flexbox</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Grids\">Grids</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Floats\">Floats</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Positioning\">Positioning</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Multiple-column_Layout\">Multiple-column layout</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Responsive_Design\">Responsive design</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Media_queries\">Beginner's guide to media queries</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Legacy_Layout_Methods\">Legacy layout methods</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Supporting_Older_Browsers\">Supporting older browsers</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Fundamental_Layout_Comprehension\">Fundamental layout comprehension</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript\">JavaScript — Dynamic client-side scripting</a></li><li><details><summary>JavaScript first steps</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps\">JavaScript first steps</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/What_is_JavaScript\">What is JavaScript?</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/A_first_splash\">A first splash into JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/What_went_wrong\">What went wrong? Troubleshooting JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Variables\">Storing the information you need — Variables</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Math\">Basic math in JavaScript — numbers and operators</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Strings\">Handling text — strings in JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Useful_string_methods\">Useful string methods</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Arrays\">Arrays</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Silly_story_generator\">Silly story generator</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>JavaScript building blocks</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks\">JavaScript building blocks</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/conditionals\">Making decisions in your code — conditionals</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Looping_code\">Looping code</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Functions\">Functions — reusable blocks of code</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Build_your_own_function\">Build your own function</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Return_values\">Function return values</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Events\">Introduction to events</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Event_bubbling\">Event bubbling</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Image_gallery\">Image gallery</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Introducing JavaScript objects</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects\">Introducing JavaScript objects</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Basics\">JavaScript object basics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object_prototypes\">Object prototypes</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object-oriented_programming\">Object-oriented programming</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Classes_in_JavaScript\">Classes in JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/JSON\">Working with JSON</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object_building_practice\">Object building practice</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Adding_bouncing_balls_features\">Adding features to our bouncing balls demo</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Asynchronous JavaScript</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous\">Asynchronous JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Introducing\">Introducing asynchronous JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Promises\">How to use promises</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Implementing_a_promise-based_API\">How to implement a promise-based API</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Introducing_workers\">Introducing workers</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Sequencing_animations\">Sequencing animations</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Client-side web APIs</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs\">Client-side web APIs</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Introduction\">Introduction to web APIs</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Manipulating_documents\">Manipulating documents</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Fetching_data\">Fetching data from the server</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Third_party_APIs\">Third-party APIs</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Drawing_graphics\">Drawing graphics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Video_and_audio_APIs\">Video and Audio APIs</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Client-side_storage\">Client-side storage</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms\">Web forms — Working with user data</a></li><li><details><summary>Web form building blocks</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms\">Web form building blocks</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Your_first_form\">Your first form</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/How_to_structure_a_web_form\">How to structure a web form</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Basic_native_form_controls\">Basic native form controls</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/HTML5_input_types\">The HTML5 input types</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Other_form_controls\">Other form controls</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Styling_web_forms\">Styling web forms</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Advanced_form_styling\">Advanced form styling</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/UI_pseudo-classes\">UI pseudo-classes</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Form_validation\">Client-side form validation</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Sending_and_retrieving_form_data\">Sending form data</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Advanced web form techniques</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/How_to_build_custom_form_controls\">How to build custom form controls</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Sending_forms_through_JavaScript\">Sending forms through JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Property_compatibility_table_for_form_controls\">CSS property compatibility table for form controls</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/HTML_forms_in_legacy_browsers\">HTML forms in legacy browsers</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility\">Accessibility — Make the web usable by everyone</a></li><li><details><summary>Accessibility guides</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility\">Accessibility</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/What_is_accessibility\">What is accessibility?</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/HTML\">HTML: A good basis for accessibility</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/CSS_and_JavaScript\">CSS and JavaScript accessibility best practices</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/WAI-ARIA_basics\">WAI-ARIA basics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Multimedia\">Accessible multimedia</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Mobile\">Mobile accessibility</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Accessibility_troubleshooting\">Assessment: Accessibility troubleshooting</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance\">Performance — Making websites fast and responsive</a></li><li><details><summary>Performance guides</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance\">Web performance</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/why_web_performance\">The \"why\" of web performance</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/What_is_web_performance\">What is web performance?</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/Perceived_performance\">Perceived performance</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/Measuring_performance\">Measuring performance</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/Multimedia\">Multimedia: Images</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/video\">Multimedia: video</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/JavaScript\">JavaScript performance optimization</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/HTML\">HTML performance optimization</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/CSS\">CSS performance optimization</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Performance/business_case_for_performance\">The business case for web performance</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML\">MathML — Writing mathematics with MathML</a></li><li><details><summary>MathML first steps</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps\">MathML first steps</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Getting_started\">Getting started with MathML</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Text_containers\">MathML Text Containers</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Fractions_and_roots\">MathML fractions and roots</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Scripts\">MathML scripted elements</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Tables\">MathML tables</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Three_famous_mathematical_formulas\">Three famous mathematical formulas</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/../Games\">Games — Developing games for the web</a></li><li><details><summary>Guides and tutorials</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Games/Introduction\">Introduction to game development for the Web</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques\">Techniques for game development</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Games/Tutorials\">Tutorials</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Games/Publishing_games\">Publishing games</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing\">Tools and testing</a></li><li><details><summary>Client-side web development tools</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools\">Understanding client-side web development tools</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Overview\">Client-side tooling overview</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Command_line\">Command line crash course</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Package_management\">Package management basics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Introducing_complete_toolchain\">Introducing a complete toolchain</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Deployment\">Deploying our app</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Introduction to client-side frameworks</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Introduction\">Introduction to client-side frameworks</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Main_features\">Framework main features</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>React</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_getting_started\">Getting started with React</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning\">Beginning our React todo list</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_components\">Componentizing our React app</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_interactivity_events_state\">React interactivity: Events and state</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_interactivity_filtering_conditional_rendering\">React interactivity: Editing, filtering, conditional rendering</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_accessibility\">Accessibility in React</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_resources\">React resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Ember</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_getting_started\">Getting started with Ember</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_structure_componentization\">Ember app structure and componentization</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_interactivity_events_state\">Ember interactivity: Events, classes and state</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_conditional_footer\">Ember Interactivity: Footer functionality, conditional rendering</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_routing\">Routing in Ember</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_resources\">Ember resources and troubleshooting</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details open=\"\"><summary>Vue</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_getting_started\">Getting started with Vue</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component\">Creating our first Vue component</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_rendering_lists\">Rendering a list of Vue components</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_methods_events_models\">Adding a new todo form: Vue events, methods, and models</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_styling\">Styling Vue components with CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_computed_properties\">Using Vue computed properties</a></li><li><em><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_conditional_rendering\" aria-current=\"page\">Vue conditional rendering: editing existing todos</a></em></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_refs_focus_management\">Vue refs and lifecycle methods for focus management</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_resources\">Vue resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Svelte</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_getting_started\">Getting started with Svelte</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_Todo_list_beginning\">Starting our Svelte to-do list app</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_variables_props\">Dynamic behavior in Svelte: working with variables and props</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_components\">Componentizing our Svelte app</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_reactivity_lifecycle_accessibility\">Advanced Svelte: Reactivity, lifecycle, accessibility</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_stores\">Working with Svelte stores</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_TypeScript\">TypeScript support in Svelte</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_deployment_next\">Deployment and next steps</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Angular</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_getting_started\">Getting started with Angular</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_todo_list_beginning\">Beginning our Angular todo list app</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_styling\">Styling our Angular app</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_item_component\">Creating an item component</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_filtering\">Filtering our to-do items</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_building\">Building Angular applications and further resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Git and GitHub</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/GitHub\">Git and GitHub</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Cross browser testing</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing\">Cross browser testing</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Introduction\">Introduction to cross-browser testing</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Testing_strategies\">Strategies for carrying out testing</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/HTML_and_CSS\">Handling common HTML and CSS problems</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/JavaScript\">Handling common JavaScript problems</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Accessibility\">Handling common accessibility problems</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Feature_detection\">Implementing feature detection</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Automated_testing\">Introduction to automated testing</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Your_own_automation_environment\">Setting up your own test automation environment</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side\">Server-side website programming</a></li><li><details><summary>First steps</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps\">Server-side website programming first steps</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Introduction\">Introduction to the server side</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Client-Server_overview\">Client-Server Overview</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Web_frameworks\">Server-side web frameworks</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Website_security\">Website security</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Django web framework (Python)</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django\">Django Web Framework (Python)</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Introduction\">Django introduction</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/development_environment\">Setting up a Django development environment</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Tutorial_local_library_website\">Django Tutorial: The Local Library website</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/skeleton_website\">Django Tutorial Part 2: Creating a skeleton website</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Models\">Django Tutorial Part 3: Using models</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Admin_site\">Django Tutorial Part 4: Django admin site</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Home_page\">Django Tutorial Part 5: Creating our home page</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Generic_views\">Django Tutorial Part 6: Generic list and detail views</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Sessions\">Django Tutorial Part 7: Sessions framework</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Authentication\">Django Tutorial Part 8: User authentication and permissions</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Forms\">Django Tutorial Part 9: Working with forms</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Testing\">Django Tutorial Part 10: Testing a Django web application</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Deployment\">Django Tutorial Part 11: Deploying Django to production</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/web_application_security\">Django web application security</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/django_assessment_blog\">Assessment: DIY Django mini blog</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Express Web Framework (Node.js/JavaScript)</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs\">Express web framework (Node.js/JavaScript)</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Introduction\">Express/Node introduction</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/development_environment\">Setting up a Node development environment</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Tutorial_local_library_website\">Express Tutorial: The Local Library website</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/skeleton_website\">Express Tutorial Part 2: Creating a skeleton website</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/mongoose\">Express Tutorial Part 3: Using a Database (with Mongoose)</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/routes\">Express Tutorial Part 4: Routes and controllers</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Displaying_data\">Express Tutorial Part 5: Displaying library data</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/forms\">Express Tutorial Part 6: Working with forms</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/deployment\">Express Tutorial Part 7: Deploying to production</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions\">Further resources</a></li><li><details><summary>Common questions</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions\">Common questions</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Howto\">Use HTML to solve common problems</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Howto\">Use CSS to solve common problems</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Howto\">Solve common problems in your JavaScript code</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Web_mechanics\">Web mechanics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Tools_and_setup\">Tools and setup</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Design_and_accessibility\">Design and accessibility</a></li></ol></details></li></ol>","sidebarMacro":"LearnSidebar","body":[{"type":"prose","value":{"id":null,"title":null,"isH3":false,"content":"<ul class=\"prev-next\">\n <li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_computed_properties\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> Previous </span></a></li>\n <li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> Overview: Understanding client-side JavaScript frameworks</span></a></li>\n <li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_refs_focus_management\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> Next </span></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Now it is time to add one of the major parts of functionality that we're still missing — the ability to edit existing todo items. To do this, we will take advantage of Vue's conditional rendering capabilities — namely <code>v-if</code> and <code>v-else</code> — to allow us to toggle between the existing todo item view, and an edit view where you can update todo item labels. We'll also look at adding functionality to delete todo items.</p>\n<figure class=\"table-container\"><table>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">Prerequisites:</th>\n <td>\n <p>\n Familiarity with the core <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML\">HTML</a>,\n <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS\">CSS</a>, and\n <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript\">JavaScript</a> languages,\n knowledge of the\n <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Command_line\">terminal/command line</a>.\n </p>\n <p>\n Vue components are written as a combination of JavaScript objects that\n manage the app's data and an HTML-based template syntax that maps to\n the underlying DOM structure. For installation, and to use some of the\n more advanced features of Vue (like Single File Components or render\n functions), you'll need a terminal with node + npm installed.\n </p>\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">Objective:</th>\n <td>To learn how to do conditional rendering in Vue.</td>\n </tr>\n </tbody>\n</table></figure>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"creating_an_editing_component","title":"Creating an editing component","isH3":false,"content":"<p>We can start by creating a separate component to handle the editing functionality. In your <code>components</code> directory, create a new file called <code>ToDoItemEditForm.vue</code>. Copy the following code into that file:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><template>\n <form class=\"stack-small\" @submit.prevent=\"onSubmit\">\n <div>\n <label class=\"edit-label\">Edit Name for &quot;{{label}}&quot;</label>\n <input\n :id=\"id\"\n type=\"text\"\n autocomplete=\"off\"\n v-model.lazy.trim=\"newLabel\" />\n </div>\n <div class=\"btn-group\">\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"btn\" @click=\"onCancel\">\n Cancel\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">editing {{label}}</span>\n </button>\n <button type=\"submit\" class=\"btn btn__primary\">\n Save\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">edit for {{label}}</span>\n </button>\n </div>\n </form>\n</template>\n<script>\n export default {\n props: {\n label: {\n type: String,\n required: true,\n },\n id: {\n type: String,\n required: true,\n },\n },\n data() {\n return {\n newLabel: this.label,\n };\n },\n methods: {\n onSubmit() {\n if (this.newLabel && this.newLabel !== this.label) {\n this.$emit(\"item-edited\", this.newLabel);\n }\n },\n onCancel() {\n this.$emit(\"edit-cancelled\");\n },\n },\n };\n</script>\n<style scoped>\n .edit-label {\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\n -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;\n color: #0b0c0c;\n display: block;\n margin-bottom: 5px;\n }\n input {\n display: inline-block;\n margin-top: 0.4rem;\n width: 100%;\n min-height: 4.4rem;\n padding: 0.4rem 0.8rem;\n border: 2px solid #565656;\n }\n form {\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: row;\n flex-wrap: wrap;\n }\n form > * {\n flex: 0 0 100%;\n }\n</style>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n <p><strong>Note:</strong> Walk through the above code then read the below description to make sure you understand everything the component is doing before moving on. This is a useful way to help reinforce everything you've learned so far.</p>\n</div>\n<p>This code sets up the core of the edit functionality. We create a form with an <code><input></code> field for editing the name of our to-do.</p>\n<p>There is a \"Save\" button and a \"Cancel\" button:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>When the \"Save\" button is clicked, the component emits the new label via an <code>item-edited</code> event.</li>\n <li>When the \"Cancel\" button is clicked, the component signals this by emitting an <code>edit-cancelled</code> event.</li>\n</ul>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"modifying_our_todoitem_component","title":"Modifying our ToDoItem component","isH3":false,"content":"<p>Before we can add <code>ToDoItemEditForm</code> to our app, we need to make a few modifications to our <code>ToDoItem</code> component. Specifically, we need to add a variable to track if the item is being edited, and a button to toggle that variable. We'll also add a <code>Delete</code> button since deletion is closely related.</p>\n<p>Update your <code>ToDoItem</code>'s template as shown below.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><template>\n <div class=\"stack-small\">\n <div class=\"custom-checkbox\">\n <input\n type=\"checkbox\"\n class=\"checkbox\"\n :id=\"id\"\n :checked=\"isDone\"\n @change=\"$emit('checkbox-changed')\" />\n <label :for=\"id\" class=\"checkbox-label\">{{label}}</label>\n </div>\n <div class=\"btn-group\">\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"btn\" @click=\"toggleToItemEditForm\">\n Edit <span class=\"visually-hidden\">{{label}}</span>\n </button>\n <button type=\"button\" class=\"btn btn__danger\" @click=\"deleteToDo\">\n Delete <span class=\"visually-hidden\">{{label}}</span>\n </button>\n </div>\n </div>\n</template>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>We've added a wrapper <code><div></code> around the whole template for layout purposes.</p>\n<p>We've also added \"Edit\" and \"Delete\" buttons:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>The \"Edit\" button, when clicked, will toggle displaying the <code>ToDoItemEditForm</code> component so we can use it to edit our todo item, via an event handler function called <code>toggleToItemEditForm()</code>. This handler will set an <code>isEditing</code> flag to true. To do that, we'll need to first define it inside our <code>data()</code> property.</li>\n <li>The \"Delete\" button, when clicked, will delete the todo item via an event handler function called <code>deleteToDo()</code>. In this handler we'll emit an <code>item-deleted</code> event to our parent component so the list can be updated.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Let's define our click handlers, and the necessary <code>isEditing</code> flag.</p>\n<p>Add <code>isEditing</code> below your existing <code>isDone</code> data point:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>data() {\n return {\n isDone: this.done,\n isEditing: false\n };\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Now add your methods inside a methods property, right below your <code>data()</code> property:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>methods: {\n deleteToDo() {\n this.$emit('item-deleted');\n },\n toggleToItemEditForm() {\n this.isEditing = true;\n }\n }\n</code></pre></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"conditionally_displaying_components_via_v-if_and_v-else","title":"Conditionally displaying components via v-if and v-else","isH3":false,"content":"<p>Now we have an <code>isEditing</code> flag that we can use to signify that the item is being edited (or not). If <code>isEditing</code> is true, we want to use that flag to display our <code>ToDoItemEditForm</code> instead of the checkbox. To do that, we'll use another Vue directive: <a href=\"https://vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-if\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\"><code>v-if</code></a>.</p>\n<p>The <code>v-if</code> directive will only render a block if the value passed to it is truthy. This is similar to how an <code>if</code> statement works in JavaScript. <code>v-if</code> also has corresponding <a href=\"https://vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-else-if\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\"><code>v-else-if</code></a> and <a href=\"https://vuejs.org/api/built-in-directives.html#v-else\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\"><code>v-else</code></a> directives to provide the equivalent of JavaScript <code>else if</code> and <code>else</code> logic inside Vue templates.</p>\n<p>It's important to note that <code>v-else</code> and <code>v-else-if</code> blocks need to be the first sibling of a <code>v-if</code>/<code>v-else-if</code> block, otherwise Vue will not recognize them. You can also attach <code>v-if</code> to a <code><template></code> tag if you need to conditionally render an entire template.</p>\n<p>Lastly, you can use a <code>v-if</code> + <code>v-else</code> at the root of your component to display only one block or another, since Vue will only render one of these blocks at a time. We'll do this in our app, as it will allow us to replace the code that displays our to-do item with the edit form.</p>\n<p>First of all add <code>v-if=\"!isEditing\"</code> to the root <code><div></code> in your <code>ToDoItem</code> component,</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><div class=\"stack-small\" v-if=\"!isEditing\"></div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Next, below that <code><div></code>'s closing tag add the following line:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><to-do-item-edit-form v-else :id=\"id\" :label=\"label\"></to-do-item-edit-form>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>We also need to import and register the <code>ToDoItemEditForm</code> component, so we can use it inside this template. Add this line at the top of your <code><script></code> element:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>import ToDoItemEditForm from \"./ToDoItemEditForm\";\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>And add a <code>components</code> property above the <code>props</code> property inside the component object:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>components: {\n ToDoItemEditForm\n},\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Now, if you go to your app and click a todo item's \"Edit\" button, you should see the checkbox replaced with the edit form.</p>\n<p>\n <img src=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_conditional_rendering/todo-edit-delete.png\" alt=\"The todo list app, with Edit and Delete buttons shown, and one of the todos in edit mode, with an edit input and save and cancel buttons shown\" width=\"777\" height=\"605\" loading=\"lazy\">\n</p>\n<p>However, there's currently no way to go back. To fix that, we need to add some more event handlers to our component.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"getting_back_out_of_edit_mode","title":"Getting back out of edit mode","isH3":false,"content":"<p>First, we need to add an <code>itemEdited()</code> method to our <code>ToDoItem</code> component's <code>methods</code>. This method should take the new item label as an argument, emit an <code>itemEdited</code> event to the parent component, and set <code>isEditing</code> to <code>false</code>.</p>\n<p>Add it now, below your existing methods:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>itemEdited(newLabel) {\n this.$emit('item-edited', newLabel);\n this.isEditing = false;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Next, we'll need an <code>editCancelled()</code> method. This method will take no arguments and just serve to set <code>isEditing</code> back to <code>false</code>. Add this method below the previous one:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>editCancelled() {\n this.isEditing = false;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Last for this section, we'll add event handlers for the events emitted by the <code>ToDoItemEditForm</code> component, and attach the appropriate methods to each event.</p>\n<p>Update your <code><to-do-item-edit-form></to-do-item-edit-form></code> call to look like so:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><to-do-item-edit-form\n v-else\n :id=\"id\"\n :label=\"label\"\n @item-edited=\"itemEdited\"\n @edit-cancelled=\"editCancelled\">\n</to-do-item-edit-form>\n</code></pre></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"updating_and_deleting_todo_items","title":"Updating and deleting todo items","isH3":false,"content":"<p>Now we can toggle between the edit form and the checkbox. However, we haven't actually handled updating the <code>ToDoItems</code> array back in <code>App.vue</code>. To fix that, we need to listen for the <code>item-edited</code> event, and update the list accordingly. We'll also want to handle the delete event so that we can delete todo items.</p>\n<p>Add the following new methods to your <code>App.vue</code>'s component object, below the existing methods inside the <code>methods</code> property:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>deleteToDo(toDoId) {\n const itemIndex = this.ToDoItems.findIndex((item) => item.id === toDoId);\n this.ToDoItems.splice(itemIndex, 1);\n},\neditToDo(toDoId, newLabel) {\n const toDoToEdit = this.ToDoItems.find((item) => item.id === toDoId);\n toDoToEdit.label = newLabel;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Next, we'll add the event listeners for the <code>item-deleted</code> and <code>item-edited</code> events:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>For <code>item-deleted</code>, you'll need to pass the <code>item.id</code> to the method.</li>\n <li>For <code>item-edited</code>, you'll need to pass the <code>item.id</code> and the special <code>$event</code> variable. This is a special Vue variable used to pass event data to methods. When using native HTML events (like <code>click</code>), this will pass the native event object to your method.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Update the <code><to-do-item></to-do-item></code> call inside the <code>App.vue</code> template to look like this:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><to-do-item\n :label=\"item.label\"\n :done=\"item.done\"\n :id=\"item.id\"\n @checkbox-changed=\"updateDoneStatus(item.id)\"\n @item-deleted=\"deleteToDo(item.id)\"\n @item-edited=\"editToDo(item.id, $event)\">\n</to-do-item>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>And there you have it — you should now be able to edit and delete items from the list!</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"fixing_a_small_bug_with_isdone_status","title":"Fixing a small bug with isDone status","isH3":false,"content":"<p>This is great so far, but we've actually introduced a bug by adding in the edit functionality. Try doing this:</p>\n<ol>\n <li>Check (or uncheck) one of the todo checkboxes.</li>\n <li>Press the \"Edit\" button for that todo item.</li>\n <li>Cancel the edit by pressing the \"Cancel\" button.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Note the state of the checkbox after you cancel — not only has the app forgotten the state of the checkbox, but the done status of that todo item is now out of whack. If you try checking (or unchecking) it again, the completed count will change in the opposite way to what you'd expect. This is because the <code>isDone</code> inside <code>data</code> is only given the value <code>this.done</code> on component load.</p>\n<p>Fixing this is fortunately quite easy — we can do this by converting our <code>isDone</code> data item into a <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_computed_properties\">computed property</a> — another advantage of computed properties is that they preserve <a href=\"https://vuejs.org/guide/essentials/reactivity-fundamentals.html\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">reactivity</a>, meaning (among other things) that their state is saved when the template changes like ours is now doing.</p>\n<p>So, let's implement the fix in <code>ToDoItem.vue</code>:</p>\n<ol>\n <li>\n <p>Remove the following line from inside our <code>data()</code> property:</p>\n <div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>isDone: this.done,\n</code></pre></div>\n </li>\n <li>\n <p>Add the following block below the data() { } block:</p>\n <div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>computed: {\n isDone() {\n return this.done;\n }\n},\n</code></pre></div>\n </li>\n</ol>\n<p>Now when you save and reload, you'll find that the problem is solved — the checkbox state is now preserved when you switch between todo item templates.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"understanding_the_tangle_of_events","title":"Understanding the tangle of events","isH3":false,"content":"<p>One of the most potentially confusing parts is the tangle of standard and custom events we've used to trigger all the interactivity in our app. To understand this better, it is a good idea to write out a flow chart, description, or diagram of what events are emitted where, where they are being listened for, and what happens as a result of them firing.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"app.vue","title":"App.vue","isH3":true,"content":"<p><code><to-do-form></code> listens for:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>\n <code>todo-added</code> event emitted by the <code>onSubmit()</code> method inside the <code>ToDoForm</code> component when the form is submitted.\n <strong>Result</strong>: <code>addToDo()</code> method invoked to add new todo item to the <code>ToDoItems</code> array.\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p><code><to-do-item></code> listens for:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>\n <code>checkbox-changed</code> event emitted by the checkbox <code><input></code> inside the <code>ToDoItem</code> component when it is checked or unchecked.\n <strong>Result</strong>: <code>updateDoneStatus()</code> method invoked to update done status of associated todo item.\n </li>\n <li>\n <code>item-deleted</code> event emitted by the <code>deleteToDo()</code> method inside the <code>ToDoItem</code> component when the \"Delete\" button is pressed.\n <strong>Result</strong>: <code>deleteToDo()</code> method invoked to delete associated todo item.\n </li>\n <li>\n <code>item-edited</code> event emitted by the <code>itemEdited()</code> method inside the <code>ToDoItem</code> component when the <code>item-edited</code> event emitted by the <code>onSubmit()</code> method inside the <code>ToDoItemEditForm</code> has been successfully listened for. Yes, this is a chain of two different <code>item-edited</code> events!\n <strong>Result</strong>: <code>editToDo()</code> method invoked to update label of associated todo item.\n </li>\n</ul>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"todoform.vue","title":"ToDoForm.vue","isH3":true,"content":"<p>\n <code><form></code> listens for <code>submit</code> event.\n <strong>Result</strong>: <code>onSubmit()</code> method is invoked, which checks that the new label is not empty, then emits the <code>todo-added</code> event (which is then listened for inside <code>App.vue</code>, see above), and finally clears the new label <code><input></code>.\n</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"todoitem.vue","title":"ToDoItem.vue","isH3":true,"content":"<p>\n The <code><input></code> of <code>type=\"checkbox\"</code> listens for <code>change</code> events.\n <strong>Result</strong>: <code>checkbox-changed</code> event emitted when the checkbox is checked/unchecked (which is then listened for inside <code>App.vue</code>; see above).\n</p>\n<p>\n \"Edit\" <code><button></code> listens for <code>click</code> event.\n <strong>Result</strong>: <code>toggleToItemEditForm()</code> method is invoked, which toggles <code>this.isEditing</code> to <code>true</code>, which in turn displays the todo item's edit form on re-render.\n</p>\n<p>\n \"Delete\" <code><button></code> listens for <code>click</code> event.\n <strong>Result</strong>: <code>deleteToDo()</code> method is invoked, which emits the <code>item-deleted</code> event (which is then listened for inside <code>App.vue</code>; see above).\n</p>\n<p><code><to-do-item-edit-form></code> listens for:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>\n <code>item-edited</code> event emitted by the <code>onSubmit()</code> method inside the <code>ToDoItemEditForm</code> component when the form is successfully submitted.\n <strong>Result</strong>: <code>itemEdited()</code> method is invoked, which emits the <code>item-edited</code> event (which is then listened for inside <code>App.vue</code>, see above), and sets <code>this.isEditing</code> back to <code>false</code>, so that the edit form is no longer shown on re-render.\n </li>\n <li>\n <code>edit-cancelled</code> event emitted by the <code>onCancel()</code> method inside the <code>ToDoItemEditForm</code> component when the \"Cancel\" button is clicked.\n <strong>Result</strong>: <code>editCancelled()</code> method is invoked, which sets <code>this.isEditing</code> back to <code>false</code>, so that the edit form is no longer shown on re-render.\n </li>\n</ul>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"todoitemeditform.vue","title":"ToDoItemEditForm.vue","isH3":true,"content":"<p>\n <code><form></code> listens for <code>submit</code> event.\n <strong>Result</strong>: <code>onSubmit()</code> method is invoked, which checks to see if the new label value is not blank, and not the same as the old one, and if so emits the <code>item-edited</code> event (which is then listened for inside <code>ToDoItem.vue</code>, see above).\n</p>\n<p>\n \"Cancel\" <code><button></code> listens for <code>click</code> event.\n <strong>Result</strong>: <code>onCancel()</code> method is invoked, which emits the <code>edit-cancelled</code> event (which is then listened for inside <code>ToDoItem.vue</code>, see above).\n</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"summary","title":"Summary","isH3":false,"content":"<p>This article has been fairly intense, and we covered a lot here. We've now got edit and delete functionality in our app, which is fairly exciting. We are nearing the end of our Vue series now. The last bit of functionality to look at is focus management, or put another way, how we can improve our app's keyboard accessibility.</p><ul class=\"prev-next\">\n <li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_computed_properties\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> Previous </span></a></li>\n <li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> Overview: Understanding client-side JavaScript frameworks</span></a></li>\n <li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_refs_focus_management\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> Next </span></a></li>\n</ul>"}}],"toc":[{"text":"Creating an editing component","id":"creating_an_editing_component"},{"text":"Modifying our ToDoItem component","id":"modifying_our_todoitem_component"},{"text":"Conditionally displaying components via v-if and v-else","id":"conditionally_displaying_components_via_v-if_and_v-else"},{"text":"Getting back out of edit mode","id":"getting_back_out_of_edit_mode"},{"text":"Updating and deleting todo items","id":"updating_and_deleting_todo_items"},{"text":"Fixing a small bug with isDone status","id":"fixing_a_small_bug_with_isdone_status"},{"text":"Understanding the tangle of events","id":"understanding_the_tangle_of_events"},{"text":"Summary","id":"summary"}],"summary":"This article has been fairly intense, and we covered a lot here. We've now got edit and delete functionality in our app, which is fairly exciting. We are nearing the end of our Vue series now. The last bit of functionality to look at is focus management, or put another way, how we can improve our app's keyboard accessibility.","popularity":0,"modified":"2024-07-25T20:21:23.000Z","other_translations":[{"locale":"de","title":"Vue bedingte Darstellung: Bearbeitung bestehender Todos","native":"Deutsch"},{"locale":"zh-CN","title":"Vue 中的条件渲染：编辑现有的待办事项","native":"中文 (简体)"}],"pageType":"learn-module-chapter","source":{"folder":"en-us/learn/tools_and_testing/client-side_javascript_frameworks/vue_conditional_rendering","github_url":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/learn/tools_and_testing/client-side_javascript_frameworks/vue_conditional_rendering/index.md","last_commit_url":"https://github.com/mdn/content/commit/11a08e7da75bfb0b3e606eb26a9a0ad9301a1be5","filename":"index.md"},"short_title":"Vue conditional rendering: editing existing todos","parents":[{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Learn","title":"Guides"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing","title":"Tools and testing"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks","title":"Understanding client-side JavaScript frameworks"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_conditional_rendering","title":"Vue conditional rendering: editing existing todos"}],"pageTitle":"Vue conditional rendering: editing existing todos - Learn web development | MDN","noIndexing":false}}</script></body></html>