CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91e88471f8a2ce25',cH: '0Hoenc69Jjsom51YYahy4Gyqa6fuTueyy1twBhQP7mY-1741669532-1.2.1.1-Ws3ecoiOWbc_rzm.UFpLOdBhPa6oZAaZqmxUk0JwU1sO_7Aj0LGbGfiVM79LfcSu',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=TCL&__cf_chl_tk=I6kG4XE9E.ajljy.pfty3I971F_GrhEF6SN4m6ja7pM-1741669532-1.0.1.1-C6RZQa7pCB9u07yd1ydbhDcXpw07mfGlupth1YH4JWw",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741669532',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=TCL&__cf_chl_f_tk=I6kG4XE9E.ajljy.pfty3I971F_GrhEF6SN4m6ja7pM-1741669532-1.0.1.1-C6RZQa7pCB9u07yd1ydbhDcXpw07mfGlupth1YH4JWw",md: "MK1gsR5ifVE6IEo0il0mdT_hOlsKf.G2n98b4o3e33E-1741669532-1.2.1.1-ZahaJMeUzDL7RAj.OIAd3sbSmT8f.8wY.AAo1cfTlmPGsHX8qvDGa8e.xwkUX7nvoHCRnd2wiFul0wrVMKZjNISbh7Og1SI6rZwRdLkVZH3mrXK0XI_48zzZ66bwD28hMyY.sQEPCt7G1phMPZLBq4.pw9mxDluqsU7ut3YUN4Vmrqy.bkLZfXg4pUwUxpNDt.apOekLWCczP.bz6fBd1aG0sanUaUZ.JYOu5kfsK2SwjQK0cxFAdufl.3bcSuq3Dce_e9GvTSA8SRcO6Xcxe7kn7RLrBz5tjUznMIe3zFllKEjRh38IOk1j77MtIwDKf.irdqcK0V8ewRSgAbMptU.1fR7odWIGIQVyuTJjTQLs2u1vjBei0SVPlhHwLjnS1yoLXwKndw192fHs525RKWFpw_I87tyYInNP_jGxnLzrtZD4cIe90x.5C_nHKNoKOv7AodE5it.M8Vax8jZGSHUJupP6iDD9QDbXnvQUAuev25Sqz9sKAYgHb256f3Bn6Am2Ra6uShWBvTFek2QOHJD9ChDaEftJtIzjQvfotblgjmqvQU1eTA7VB9i1owqZ3s1fWte4xLEYLhnFxguMcfXbuqq071SY2M8pofe9EisosMhCXbQzqIr_6I2ue9Nd7ge.hJV5PaDkvo5cA_cJdpamTqEIyC8BHQqvmdwOJzbndjmLXr5jw9ytrbrpVJxIM88FY6HzLzp710sNl8aATcfzaghsfVq.xt11bKR6__I3o8HqHFIz0BRalh8bTrX2Us6ASlCT35H0SJ4e_MlPxopydIo7vkx8kBx9fBPddGq4SWCC1_kYCoJ7wxZ076orHWnxkH5khoFgZLLDknquBJ7LqzaNp6GPCb47c_PP6HhgmxdKRaDwBFTz.yb6.3c0gNFpR2JmqPZIrhumtkk.dDvJy3XLSLn3RITDYmqrYgD.E9DAFj135HnsXha9mZuk72le4pMtKW1K7uRLIhzn0bXFGSli9MAV3k2ttsHjCn7HcNAqevw4kLw2WFaYcWDsQECYIp2Z__DuBtE7WpOB0V92AYgwYRgNaraeMASvAHWvCqcDuu4Qi1KzWEH6gVXW.X9dN66Py0BIN117Jcbm6n4pm6aOncdM2Qh2Zqw__aq2RfIWYLyYYH0tZcV5QSj4A1YipVVPGf7l3xF5ZTPeDHX62CiXrneTMK82IXRIg64SQj30.1pkJnQEP9IbNgCeVUedoIlc3H4tKJMf_AD2lZJrp6v3yklXS9L88TqpE_Q",mdrd: "3XAUmNM9cNd8FuXVHMB_1mTxGyzGqJjmL.JbSN58Zk0-1741669532-1.2.1.1-4z9LQtrKeIAt.h82t85OPkAiZ3GhAPciencQh.kV9QXpPoI4RzjrgtCUljHrjiPtVC1dOIgE_ABvzFEZQyRHC8CS784MJFrZkF80OAFYWwH4hF0ewA98szkeRzwMH.tWnwEQxpgK_MlXmgvKHCyE2t6w3Yq1VZjBC5paOq4uXCOfsfqNcSIy8FkgKeyU.dQhFT.3RaQ1LRvHyQDWTy_R.FZ5Xhxmtqar.wwEf6J0_DJn8xhFcUZGA3PT9wmSZ_oWpT6ONh9yKHFLnDGJYbA7sBUGVAlIAGGbhayfUvuKlsutNIHN6.fww264.rveoJ_ixAh.XVAbOFj9cs3AnAxTo_1B5yDHak5U.tcIX0XS7ajINcKrZ5FalhWo2K.0l7hejNL4nuLrSCP3qvlgeTJ_Oxls8abbsr.0_ylUMbye1Dcjw3gu7e8RVtc55cu_1.QuNYuPhkyUh1HwoEdKp0hoFFSolSLnGGngNisMfGBrDts24MRW0WbRTeeroc.cb_GoWdAPsAW_IPMn2n03cI.wFKFmux672p_ULCI93SEtWQ9lGFbZzoPZFUGhrGc.2.hDtmRHhkF6iuoEeov1lNZ9_pKdj_rxvFBkrCH6QFtK_cosSMfK3ltN_dm4tVuQiz74r3Q3t0GjHxmtWhHddIkpbzheomwEncKFWw4BfBJxExmz4aYWMB450WmVY2w2Hy.I6hDAFPO_TR.fsayNfT_TmCCNQ8RGKLb6m5oUQxisdQw2A3QathtMVZc9tffUvwZUYrYoet7.1q1mXlbSiewNZZDxvZFBilhSfUq70hlqRrODNUNh5TkcycMKrTtMHQ5M9oWDEr496BRBmKzZM78Gsv2XXTEiEr.jCV1GjyRv7cjDxQmhnINF.XqX4qSNAlFq0hX5_sp4YzZ2FQc7nbYh.urebPbW2alVI9Mf0RuBo9.XxeSuYkZXoazk9zoAPd1rztYOdbjdAyOakJp8esoSff3zZHJFsW6ZzgeBMAchLPLB9uMQ80mrnNuHbDeXH08i83n_70F1uozTjuvQAIwm1QexdN9utwLdW6Po8PcFO9cAjaTjgysF8EDUkpox.xzmLaAhH5De.xk7pynZRT_c8XKGtKVI4zYKmN27i8GGIY5bA4lydWNytpM9TeEm_Cj6pR27vvvsOMFVfOlVBU2za_ypapdGHtQJCfDSTYK1wSyJFg82DxAoXz9pgNv03V36XczyudfrDFVMBplXxrRuqAxIaLFxj2VdWB_hWex7d3WQSHa3GBNLnsBZVn6xaLaVk32mYvvZ14ASdZcZ4wx8J9ivdp6_p7LAADzKw_EBxEyH7N08LHYARPBJjwrn8jSRtTzy47xXRNx0oDWf8jtkhsHI1qq1ELUjiOq9WAsxJKHN7iL2sx_j.9Kjn0Da3fwa.0UFK6YDTejaVgSTx0kTDptqypQ1WAyEZ2kaxLtiy8I3vOn_GscZXdSVo38olekalruXqXD7OTZjnVOd2S25eq.bvKubQpsG0YNAzO2yqUp2FaPuimE27p1r8BhKzu3psKzV4LA0Epx8Hjzt_OWZK8tLIpZLFGgvc6_FOOon.qS5WZtoWJ3ZLDXR2_lnSQ_q6o3Yn0DGeyPT54n1eM3SXoG5OVG2FKiyN1ubak.BeHoebW_RzNKDUdY5hK5rOCrgvBXrl5fk6yRKwNPdYW53wWGHi31M7BlnCRhafb5H7Atv4M1qnFhhtNZRqs29tAk_o3kOElWOHnwch6V4wlobxFGL3Xr8gtIS6mQVktFwG3voVAxQqAcpNri0Su1lg3gRANuz2NxgGuu7CEomfqF99chqW_8iReFB3_Jz7q34_HPMeX.ysTMtdAuqQLSguQ1KGLrxHCeGiq.lLXP07TjFtordLzqdRtQiuOJ0AZrp8k3ibHnocdBxk6MauAOSAtN_Zm_0oPy30wN53nAe7Qk8Ybqy5PLxbk7K0a1MfUh5pj5EYz7YfrRB1xDfiBSJK0ld"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91e88471f8a2ce25';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=TCL&__cf_chl_rt_tk=I6kG4XE9E.ajljy.pfty3I971F_GrhEF6SN4m6ja7pM-1741669532-1.0.1.1-C6RZQa7pCB9u07yd1ydbhDcXpw07mfGlupth1YH4JWw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>