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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Daniel Kinnear Clark</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Kinnear_Clark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Daniel_Kinnear_Clark.jpg/220px-Daniel_Kinnear_Clark.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Daniel_Kinnear_Clark.jpg/330px-Daniel_Kinnear_Clark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Daniel_Kinnear_Clark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="661" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Daniel Kinnear Clark, 1854</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">17 July 1822<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">22 January 1896<span style="display:none">(1896-01-22)</span> (aged 73)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Scottish</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Engineer</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Engineering career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discipline</th><td class="infobox-data category">Railway mechanical engineer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Civil_Engineers" title="Institution of Civil Engineers">Institution of Civil Engineers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employer(s)</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Great_North_of_Scotland_Railway" title="Great North of Scotland Railway">Great North of Scotland Railway</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Daniel Kinnear Clark</b> (17 July 1822 – 22 January 1896) was a Scottish consulting railway engineer. He served as Locomotive Superintendent to the <a href="/wiki/Great_North_of_Scotland_Railway" title="Great North of Scotland Railway">Great North of Scotland Railway</a> between 1853 and 1855, and also wrote comprehensive books on railway engineering matters. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kinnear_Clark&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clark was born at <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> on 17 July 1822. He served an apprenticeship with Thomas Edgington & Son, a <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> ironworks. He then worked for another private firm, followed by the <a href="/wiki/North_British_Railway" title="North British Railway">North British Railway</a>. In 1851, he set up as a consulting engineer in London; he was 30 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance1991144_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance1991144-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became a Member of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers in 1854.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Great_North_of_Scotland_Railway" title="Great North of Scotland Railway">Great North of Scotland Railway</a> (GNoSR) had been established in 1845 with the aim of building a railway to connect <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a> with <a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance199113–14_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance199113–14-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although authorised in 1846, construction did not begin until 1852, with the first section of line being opened in 1854.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance199115,21–24_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance199115,21–24-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the line was still under construction, it became necessary to consider the provision of locomotives in time for the opening. Workshops at <a href="/wiki/Kittybrewster" title="Kittybrewster">Kittybrewster</a> for the repair of locomotives were under construction, and Clark was appointed Superintendent of the Locomotive Works in October 1853. For the opening of the line, he designed two basically similar classes of <a href="/wiki/2-4-0" title="2-4-0">2-4-0</a> tender locomotives, one with driving wheels 5 feet 6 inches (1.68 m) in diameter for passenger service, and the other, for goods trains, having 5-foot (1.5 m) driving wheels. Seven passenger engines and five goods were ordered from <a href="/wiki/William_Fairbairn_%26_Sons" title="William Fairbairn & Sons">William Fairbairn & Sons</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance1991144_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance1991144-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since Kittybrewster Works was not intended for locomotive construction: no new engines were built there until 1887.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance1991156_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance1991156-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first section of the line (from <a href="/wiki/Kittybrewster_railway_station" title="Kittybrewster railway station">Kittybrewster</a> to <a href="/wiki/Huntly_railway_station" title="Huntly railway station">Huntly</a>) was opened for traffic on 12 September 1854,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance199124,_199_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance199124,_199-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but by October only five of the passenger engines had been delivered, and just two more had arrived by the time of his resignation; the five goods engines arrived a few months later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance1991144–145_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance1991144–145-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At his appointment, the GNoSR had made it a condition that Clark should live in <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a>, to be close to his duties; but he felt that living in northern Scotland 'would be inimical to his advancement in his profession', preferring to work through an assistant based at Kittybrewster. A dispute with the GNoSR board ensued, and Clark resigned in March 1855.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance1991145_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance1991145-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His replacement, J. F. Ruthven, had been works foreman under Clark. He also had a short tenure, and when he in turn resigned in May 1857, he too became a consultant, and often worked with Clark.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance1991146_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance1991146-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clark returned to consultancy, and patented a device for preventing smoke from being emitted when coal was burned in locomotive fireboxes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The primary feature of this device was a series of air inlets in the firebox sides, air being forced in by steam jets when the regulator was closed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhrons1987134_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhrons1987134-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoddyBrownFryHennigan196857_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoddyBrownFryHennigan196857-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was invented in 1857, tried out by the <a href="/wiki/North_London_Railway" title="North London Railway">North London Railway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Counties_Railway" title="Eastern Counties Railway">Eastern Counties Railway</a>, and following further trials in 1858 by Clark's former employer, the GNoSR, was adopted in 1859 as a standard fitting by the latter railway.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhrons1987134_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhrons1987134-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was used on all GNoSR locomotives built during the terms of office of Clark's successors Ruthven (1855–1857) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Cowan_(engineer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Cowan (engineer) (page does not exist)">William Cowan</a> (1857–1883),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance1991146,_147_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance1991146,_147-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoddyBrownFryHennigan196857_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoddyBrownFryHennigan196857-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was still being fitted to new engines as late as 1890 by Cowan's successor <a href="/wiki/James_Manson_(engineer)" title="James Manson (engineer)">James Manson</a>, although in modified form.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhrons1987273_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhrons1987273-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoddyBrownFryHennigan196853,_55_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoddyBrownFryHennigan196853,_55-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clark wrote several books including the two-volume <i>Railway Machinery</i>, which was considered an authoritative text when it was published in 1855.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance1991145_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance1991145-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became a Member of the <a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Civil_Engineers" title="Institution of Civil Engineers">Institution of Civil Engineers</a> on 27 January 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clark died in London on 22 January 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kinnear_Clark&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFClark1855" class="citation book cs1">Clark, D.K. (1855). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_kpgOAAAAYAAJ"><i>Railway Machinery, volume 1</i></a>. Glasgow: <a href="/wiki/Blackie_and_Son_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackie and Son Limited">Blackie and Son</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Railway+Machinery%2C+volume+1&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pub=Blackie+and+Son&rft.date=1855&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=D.K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_kpgOAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kinnear+Clark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1855" class="citation book cs1">—— (1855). <i>Railway Machinery, volume 2</i>. Glasgow: <a href="/wiki/Blackie_and_Son_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackie and Son Limited">Blackie and Son</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Railway+Machinery%2C+volume+2&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pub=Blackie+and+Son&rft.date=1855&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=D.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kinnear+Clark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1856" class="citation book cs1">—— (1856). <i>Railway Locomotives, volume 1</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Railway+Locomotives%2C+volume+1&rft.date=1856&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=D.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kinnear+Clark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1860" class="citation book cs1">—— (1860). <i>Railway Locomotives, volume 2</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Railway+Locomotives%2C+volume+2&rft.date=1860&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=D.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kinnear+Clark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1860" class="citation book cs1">—— (1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_zYhNAAAAcAAJ"><i>Recent practice in the locomotive engine</i></a>. Blackie and Son.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recent+practice+in+the+locomotive+engine&rft.pub=Blackie+and+Son&rft.date=1860&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=D.K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_zYhNAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kinnear+Clark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1884" class="citation book cs1">—— (1884) [1877]. <i><a href="//archive.org/details/manualrulestabl01clargoog" class="extiw" title="iarchive:manualrulestabl01clargoog">Manual of Rules for Mechanical Engineers</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+of+Rules+for+Mechanical+Engineers&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=D.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kinnear+Clark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1880" class="citation book cs1">—— (1880). <i><a href="//archive.org/details/fuelitscombusti00willgoog" class="extiw" title="iarchive:fuelitscombusti00willgoog">Fuel, its combustion and economy</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fuel%2C+its+combustion+and+economy&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=D.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kinnear+Clark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1878" class="citation book cs1">—— (1878). <i>Tramways and their Construction and Working, volume 1</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tramways+and+their+Construction+and+Working%2C+volume+1&rft.date=1878&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=D.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kinnear+Clark" class="Z3988"></span> ; <a href="//archive.org/details/tramwaystheirco02clargoog" class="extiw" title="iarchive:tramwaystheirco02clargoog">2nd edition</a> online</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1881" class="citation book cs1">—— (1881). <i>Tramways and their Construction and Working, volume 2</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tramways+and+their+Construction+and+Working%2C+volume+2&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=D.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kinnear+Clark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1887" class="citation book cs1">—— (1887). <i><a href="//archive.org/details/constructionroa00lawgoog" class="extiw" title="iarchive:constructionroa00lawgoog">The Construction of Roads and Streets</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Construction+of+Roads+and+Streets&rft.date=1887&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=D.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kinnear+Clark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1893" class="citation book cs1">—— (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ufcyAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Steam Engine, volume 1</i></a>. Blackie & Son.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Steam+Engine%2C+volume+1&rft.pub=Blackie+%26+Son&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=D.K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_ufcyAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kinnear+Clark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1893" class="citation book cs1">—— (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5aQzbB6dbq0C"><i>The Steam Engine, volume 2</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Steam+Engine%2C+volume+2&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=D.K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5aQzbB6dbq0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kinnear+Clark" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kinnear_Clark&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall197852_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall1978">Marshall 1978</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance1991144-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance1991144_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance1991144_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVallance1991">Vallance 1991</a>, p. 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance199113–14-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance199113–14_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVallance1991">Vallance 1991</a>, pp. 13–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance199115,21–24-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance199115,21–24_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVallance1991">Vallance 1991</a>, p. 15,21–24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance1991156-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance1991156_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVallance1991">Vallance 1991</a>, p. 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance199124,_199-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance199124,_199_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVallance1991">Vallance 1991</a>, pp. 24, 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance1991144–145-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance1991144–145_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVallance1991">Vallance 1991</a>, pp. 144–145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance1991145-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance1991145_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance1991145_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVallance1991">Vallance 1991</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance1991146-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance1991146_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVallance1991">Vallance 1991</a>, p. 146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhrons1987134-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhrons1987134_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhrons1987134_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAhrons1987">Ahrons 1987</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoddyBrownFryHennigan196857-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoddyBrownFryHennigan196857_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoddyBrownFryHennigan196857_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoddyBrownFryHennigan1968">Boddy et al. 1968</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVallance1991146,_147-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVallance1991146,_147_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVallance1991">Vallance 1991</a>, pp. 146, 147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhrons1987273-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhrons1987273_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAhrons1987">Ahrons 1987</a>, p. 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoddyBrownFryHennigan196853,_55-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoddyBrownFryHennigan196853,_55_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoddyBrownFryHennigan1968">Boddy et al. 1968</a>, pp. 53, 55.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kinnear_Clark&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhrons1987" class="citation book cs1">Ahrons, E.L. (1987) [1927]. <i>The British Steam Railway Locomotive 1825–1925</i>. London: Bracken Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85170-103-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85170-103-6"><bdi>1-85170-103-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Steam+Railway+Locomotive+1825%E2%80%931925&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bracken+Books&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=1-85170-103-6&rft.aulast=Ahrons&rft.aufirst=E.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kinnear+Clark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoddyBrownFryHennigan1968" class="citation book cs1">Boddy, M.G.; Brown, W.A.; Fry, E.V.; Hennigan, W.; Manners, F.; Neve, E.; Tee, D.F.; Yeadon, W.B. (April 1968). Fry, E.V. (ed.). <i>Part 4: Tender Engines – Classes D25 to E7</i>. Locomotives of the L.N.E.R. Kenilworth: <a href="/wiki/Railway_Correspondence_and_Travel_Society" title="Railway Correspondence and Travel Society">RCTS</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-901115-01-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-901115-01-0"><bdi>0-901115-01-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Part+4%3A+Tender+Engines+%E2%80%93+Classes+D25+to+E7&rft.place=Kenilworth&rft.series=Locomotives+of+the+L.N.E.R.&rft.pub=RCTS&rft.date=1968-04&rft.isbn=0-901115-01-0&rft.aulast=Boddy&rft.aufirst=M.G.&rft.au=Brown%2C+W.A.&rft.au=Fry%2C+E.V.&rft.au=Hennigan%2C+W.&rft.au=Manners%2C+F.&rft.au=Neve%2C+E.&rft.au=Tee%2C+D.F.&rft.au=Yeadon%2C+W.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kinnear+Clark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_(railway_historian)" title="John Marshall (railway historian)">Marshall, John</a> (1978). <i>A Biographical Dictionary of Railway Engineers</i>. Newton Abbot: <a href="/wiki/David_%26_Charles" title="David & Charles">David & Charles</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7153-7489-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7153-7489-3"><bdi>0-7153-7489-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Biographical+Dictionary+of+Railway+Engineers&rft.place=Newton+Abbot&rft.pub=David+%26+Charles&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-7153-7489-3&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kinnear+Clark" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVallance1991" class="citation book cs1">Vallance, H.A. (1991) [1965]. <i>The Great North of Scotland Railway</i>. Nairn: <a href="/wiki/David_St_John_Thomas" title="David St John Thomas">David St John Thomas</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-946537-60-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-946537-60-7"><bdi>0-946537-60-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+North+of+Scotland+Railway&rft.place=Nairn&rft.pub=David+St+John+Thomas&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-946537-60-7&rft.aulast=Vallance&rft.aufirst=H.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Kinnear+Clark" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ffcc66;">Business positions </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Locomotive Superintendent of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Great_North_of_Scotland_Railway" title="Great North of Scotland Railway">Great North of Scotland Railway</a> </b><br />1853–1855 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">John Folds Ruthven</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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