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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Encyclopedie" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Encyclopedie" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Encyclopedie" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Encyclopedie" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soorten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soorten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Soorten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soorten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verkoop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verkoop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Verkoop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verkoop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Geschiedenis-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vroege_encyclopedieën" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vroege_encyclopedieën"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Vroege encyclopedieën</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vroege_encyclopedieën-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middeleeuwen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middeleeuwen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Middeleeuwen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middeleeuwen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latere_encyclopedieën" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latere_encyclopedieën"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Latere encyclopedieën</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latere_encyclopedieën-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opkomst_van_de_digitale_encyclopedie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opkomst_van_de_digitale_encyclopedie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Opkomst van de digitale encyclopedie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opkomst_van_de_digitale_encyclopedie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nederlandstalige_encyclopedieën" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nederlandstalige_encyclopedieën"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Nederlandstalige encyclopedieën</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nederlandstalige_encyclopedieën-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Encyclopedie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 213 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-213" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">213 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedie" title="Ensiklopedie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ensiklopedie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Enzyklopädie – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Enzyklopädie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8B%9D%E1%8C%88%E1%89%A0_%E1%8B%95%E1%8B%8D%E1%89%80%E1%89%B5" title="መዝገበ ዕውቀት – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መዝገበ ዕውቀት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia" title="Enciclopedia – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Enciclopedia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%ABsd%C5%8Dmb%C5%8Dc" title="Wīsdōmbōc – Oudengels" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Wīsdōmbōc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Oudengels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="موسوعة – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موسوعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="موسوعة – Marokkaans Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="موسوعة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkaans Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%87" title="موسوعه – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="موسوعه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7" title="বিশ্বকোষ – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বিশ্বকোষ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia" title="Enciclopedia – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Enciclopedia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия – Avarisch" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopediya" title="Ensiklopediya – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ensiklopediya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="بیلیکلیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیلیکلیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Enzyklopädie – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Enzyklopädie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encikluoped%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Encikluopedėjė – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Encikluopedėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedya" title="Ensiklopedya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ensiklopedya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Энцыклапедыя – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Энцыклапедыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Энцыкляпэдыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Энцыкляпэдыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banda_%C3%A8lmu" title="Banda èlmu – Bataviaans" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Banda èlmu" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Bataviaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Енциклопедия – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Енциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6" title="ज्ञानकोश – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ज्ञानकोश" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindai_pangatahuan" title="Kindai pangatahuan – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kindai pangatahuan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F" title="ကျမ်ꩻပေါင်ꩻစွုမ်ႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ကျမ်ꩻပေါင်ꩻစွုမ်ႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%94nniyagafeba" title="Dɔnniyagafeba – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Dɔnniyagafeba" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7" title="বিশ্বকোষ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিশ্বকোষ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7" title="বিশ্বকোষ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="বিশ্বকোষ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holloueziadur" title="Holloueziadur – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Holloueziadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedija" title="Enciklopedija – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Enciklopedija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B1%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%85%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Нэбтэрхы толи – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нэбтэрхы толи" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A8dia" title="Enciclopèdia – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enciclopèdia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1ik-ku%C5%8F-ci%C3%B2ng-c%E1%B9%B3%CC%86" title="Báik-kuŏ-ciòng-cṳ̆ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Báik-kuŏ-ciòng-cṳ̆" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Энциклопеди – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Энциклопеди" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedya" title="Ensiklopedya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ensiklopedya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DA%B5%DB%86%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ئینسایکڵۆپیدیا – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئینسایکڵۆپیدیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encicluped%C3%ACa" title="Enciclupedìa – Corsicaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Enciclupedìa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsicaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entsiklopediya" title="Entsiklopediya – Krim-Tataars" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Entsiklopediya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krim-Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedie" title="Encyklopedie – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Encyklopedie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedij%C3%B4" title="Encyklopedijô – Kasjoebisch" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Encyklopedijô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kasjoebisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%B7%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%94%D0%B4%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Єнкѷклопєдїꙗ – Kerkslavisch" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Єнкѷклопєдїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kerkslavisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Энциклопеди – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Энциклопеди" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwyddoniadur" title="Gwyddoniadur – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwyddoniadur" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Encyklopædi – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Encyklopædi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Enzyklopädie – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Enzyklopädie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopediye" title="Ensiklopediye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ensiklopediye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedija" title="Encyklopedija – Nedersorbisch" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Encyklopedija" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Nedersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia – Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7" title="विश्वकोष – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="विश्वकोष" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8B%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%AC%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%82%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%A7" title="ދާނެސްނާމާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ދާނެސްނާމާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Εγκυκλοπαίδεια – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εγκυκλοπαίδεια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensicloped%C3%ACa" title="Ensiclopedìa – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ensiclopedìa" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedio" title="Enciklopedio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Enciklopedio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia" title="Enciclopedia – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enciclopedia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ents%C3%BCklopeedia" title="Entsüklopeedia – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Entsüklopeedia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entziklopedia" title="Entziklopedia – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Entziklopedia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87" title="دانشنامه – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشنامه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maanditorde" title="Maanditorde – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Maanditorde" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tietosanakirja" title="Tietosanakirja – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tietosanakirja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Alfrøði – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Alfrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensyklopedy" title="Ensyklopedy – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ensyklopedy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclip%C3%A9id" title="Ciclipéid – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ciclipéid" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="百科全書 – Ganyu" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="百科全書" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Ganyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leabhar-e%C3%B2lais" title="Leabhar-eòlais – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Leabhar-eòlais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia" title="Enciclopedia – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Enciclopedia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91e%27%E1%BA%BDryrupav%E1%BA%BD" title="Ñe'ẽryrupavẽ – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñe'ẽryrupavẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9E%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B6" title="જ્ઞાનકોશ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જ્ઞાનકોશ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insakulofidiya" title="Insakulofidiya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Insakulofidiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pak-kh%C3%B4-chhi%C3%B2n-s%C3%BB" title="Pak-khô-chhiòn-sû – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pak-khô-chhiòn-sû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puke_noi%E2%80%98i_k%C5%AB%E2%80%98ikena" title="Puke noi‘i kū‘ikena – Hawaïaans" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Puke noi‘i kū‘ikena" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaïaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94" title="אנציקלופדיה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנציקלופדיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6" title="विश्वज्ञानकोश – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विश्वज्ञानकोश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedija" title="Enciklopedija – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Enciklopedija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedija" title="Encyklopedija – Oppersorbisch" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Encyklopedija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansiklopedi" title="Ansiklopedi – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ansiklopedi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklop%C3%A9dia" title="Enciklopédia – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Enciklopédia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հանրագիտարան – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հանրագիտարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հանրագիտարան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հանրագիտարան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uiqiqaluk" title="Uiqiqaluk – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Uiqiqaluk" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Энциклопеди – Ingoesjetisch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Энциклопеди" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesjetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedio" title="Enciklopedio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Enciklopedio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfr%C3%A6%C3%B0irit" title="Alfræðirit – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alfræðirit" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia" title="Enciclopedia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Enciclopedia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%B8" title="百科事典 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="百科事典" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88nsiklop%C3%A9dhi" title="Ènsiklopédhi – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ènsiklopédhi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ენციკლოპედია – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ენციკლოპედია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasanayt" title="Tasanayt – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasanayt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90sakuliye_takaya%C9%A3_k%C9%A9kala%C9%A3" title="Ɛsakuliye takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛsakuliye takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balay_tinoduh" title="Balay tinoduh – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Balay tinoduh" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklop%C3%A6dii" title="Encyklopædii – Groenlands" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Encyklopædii" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Groenlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6" title="ប្រជុំវីជ្ជា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប្រជុំវីជ្ជា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶಗಳು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" title="백과사전 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="백과사전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия – Karatsjaj-Balkarisch" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karatsjaj-Balkarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%90%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%96%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="اِنسایکلوپیٖڈیا – Kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اِنسایکلوپیٖڈیا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nohkixel" title="Nohkixel – Kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Nohkixel" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ens%C3%AEkloped%C3%AE" title="Ensîklopedî – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ensîklopedî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godhoniador" title="Godhoniador – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Godhoniador" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopaedia" title="Encyclopaedia – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Encyclopaedia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansiklopedya" title="Ansiklopedya – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Ansiklopedya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyklopedie" title="Enzyklopedie – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Enzyklopedie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedie" title="Encyclopedie – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Encyclopedie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclupedia" title="Enciclupedia – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Enciclupedia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1" title="ສາລານຸກົມ – Laotiaans" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສາລານຸກົມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laotiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedija" title="Enciklopedija – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Enciklopedija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%86ciklopedeja" title="Eņciklopedeja – Letgaals" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Eņciklopedeja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Letgaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklop%C4%93dija" title="Enciklopēdija – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Enciklopēdija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88nsiklope%E1%B8%8Dia" title="Ènsiklopeḍia – Madoerees" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Ènsiklopeḍia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madoerees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6" title="विश्वकोश – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="विश्वकोश" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raki-pahalalana" title="Raki-pahalalana – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Raki-pahalalana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Энциклопедий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Энциклопедий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubuak_aka" title="Lubuak aka – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Lubuak aka" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Енциклопедија – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Енциклопедија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="വിജ്ഞാനകോശം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിജ്ഞാനകോശം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Нэвтэрхий толь – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нэвтэрхий толь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A7%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A9" title="ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯀꯩ – Meitei" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯀꯩ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Meitei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6" title="ज्ञानकोश – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ज्ञानकोश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/En%C4%8Biklopedija" title="Enċiklopedija – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Enċiklopedija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anciclop%C3%A9dia" title="Anciclopédia – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Anciclopédia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="စွယ်စုံကျမ်း – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စွယ်စုံကျမ်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87" title="فرهنگنومه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فرهنگنومه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%93ntlamatiliz%C4%81moxtli" title="Cēntlamatilizāmoxtli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Cēntlamatilizāmoxtli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encicloped%C3%ADa" title="Enciclopedía – Napolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Enciclopedía" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Napolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Enzyklopädie – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Enzyklopädie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedie" title="Encyklopedie – Nederduits" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Encyklopedie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6" title="विश्वकोश – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विश्वकोश" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leksikon" title="Leksikon – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Leksikon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedi" title="Encyklopedi – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Encyklopedi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encycliop%C3%A9die" title="Encycliopédie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Encycliopédie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dnsadoob%C3%AD%C3%ADdiiya" title="Ínsadoobíídiiya – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ínsadoobíídiiya" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A8dia" title="Enciclopèdia – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Enciclopèdia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubee" title="Kubee – Afaan Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kubee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Afaan Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B7" title="ଜ୍ଞାନକୋଷ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜ୍ଞାନକୋଷ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Энциклопеди – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Энциклопеди" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia – Papiaments" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiaments" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uffguckbichli" title="Uffguckbichli – Pennsylvania-Duits" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Uffguckbichli" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania-Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedia" title="Encyklopedia – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Encyklopedia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="انسائیکلوپیڈیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انسائیکلوپیڈیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Εγκυκλοπαίδεια – Pontisch" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Εγκυκλοπαίδεια" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89" title="پوهنغونډ – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پوهنغونډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A9dia" title="Enciclopédia – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Enciclopédia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedie" title="Enciclopedie – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Enciclopedie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entsiclopedie" title="Entsiclopedie – Aroemeens" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Entsiclopedie" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aroemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Ngeclopedije" title="'Ngeclopedije – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="'Ngeclopedije" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Енціклопедія – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Енціклопедія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83" title="विश्वकोशः – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="विश्वकोशः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia" title="Enciclopedia – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Enciclopedia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nciclupid%C3%ACa" title="Nciclupidìa – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nciclupidìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopaedia" title="Encyclopaedia – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Encyclopaedia" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="انسائيڪلوپيڊيا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انسائيڪلوپيڊيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedija" title="Enciklopedija – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Enciklopedija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%9E%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="ပပ်ႉသႅၼ်သမ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပပ်ႉသႅၼ်သမ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%82%E2%80%8D" title="විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklop%C3%A9dia" title="Encyklopédia – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Encyklopédia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D9%8F%D9%88%D9%85_%DA%B3%D9%88%D8%AC%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="بھُوم ڳوجھی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بھُوم ڳوجھی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedija" title="Enciklopedija – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Enciklopedija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedia" title="Enciklopedia – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Enciklopedia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Енциклопедија – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Енциклопедија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia – Swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Enzyklopädie – Saterfries" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Enzyklopädie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nsiklop%C3%A9di" title="Énsiklopédi – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Énsiklopédi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppslagsverk" title="Uppslagsverk – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Uppslagsverk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamusi_elezo" title="Kamusi elezo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kamusi elezo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yncyklopedyjo" title="Yncyklopedyjo – Silezisch" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Yncyklopedyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கலைக்களஞ்சியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கலைக்களஞ்சியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B6" title="ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9E%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82" title="విజ్ఞాన సర్వస్వం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విజ్ఞాన సర్వస్వం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Донишнома – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Донишнома" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="สารานุกรม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สารานุกรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedya" title="Ensiklopedya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ensiklopedya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedij%C9%99" title="Ensiklopedijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ensiklopedijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensaetlolopedia" title="Ensaetlolopedia – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Ensaetlolopedia" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensaiklopedia" title="Ensaiklopedia – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Ensaiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansiklopedi" title="Ansiklopedi – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ansiklopedi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopediya" title="Encyclopediya – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Encyclopediya" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nsklop%C3%A9diye" title="Énsklopédiye – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Énsklopédiye" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Енциклопедія – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Енциклопедія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%DB%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81" title="دائرۃ المعارف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دائرۃ المعارف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopediya" title="Ensiklopediya – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ensiklopediya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiclopedia" title="Ensiclopedia – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ensiclopedia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1ch_khoa_to%C3%A0n_th%C6%B0" title="Bách khoa toàn thư – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bách khoa toàn thư" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikloped" title="Sikloped – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sikloped" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eciclopedeye" title="Eciclopedeye – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Eciclopedeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensayklopedya" title="Ensayklopedya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ensayklopedya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimbulang" title="Jimbulang – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Jimbulang" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="百科全书 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="百科全书" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ენციკლოპედია – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ენციკლოპედია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2" title="ענציקלאפעדיע – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ענציקלאפעדיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%93" title="ⴰⵙⴰⵎⵓ – Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵙⴰⵎⵓ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="百科全书 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="百科全书" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="百科全書 – Klassiek Chinees" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="百科全書" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassiek Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pek-kho-cho%C3%A2n-su" title="Pek-kho-choân-su – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pek-kho-choân-su" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="百科全書 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="百科全書" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INgqoqelolwazi" title="INgqoqelolwazi – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="INgqoqelolwazi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5292#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> 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</div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Encyclopedie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Encyclopedie.jpg/260px-Encyclopedie.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Encyclopedie.jpg/390px-Encyclopedie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Encyclopedie.jpg/520px-Encyclopedie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Een meerdelige encyclopedie (Kleine <a href="/wiki/Winkler_Prins_Encyclopedie" title="Winkler Prins Encyclopedie">Winkler Prins Encyclopedie</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Archive-ugent-be-018970A2-B1E8-11DF-A2E0-A70579F64438_DS-337_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Archive-ugent-be-018970A2-B1E8-11DF-A2E0-A70579F64438_DS-337_%28cropped%29.jpg/287px-Archive-ugent-be-018970A2-B1E8-11DF-A2E0-A70579F64438_DS-337_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="287" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Archive-ugent-be-018970A2-B1E8-11DF-A2E0-A70579F64438_DS-337_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="239" /></a><figcaption>Fragment uit de encyclopedie <a href="/wiki/Liber_floridus" title="Liber floridus">"Liber Floridus</a>", een poging om een compilatie te vervaardigen van alle vergaarde kennis. Gemaakt door Lambertus a St. Audomaro in 1121. Bewaard in de <a href="/wiki/Universiteitsbibliotheek_Gent" title="Universiteitsbibliotheek Gent">Universiteitsbibliotheek Gent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Een <b>encyclopedie</b> (Grieks: ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία, <i>enkuklios paideia</i>, afgerond totaal van <a href="/wiki/Kennis" title="Kennis">kennis</a>) is een doorgaans alfabetisch gerangschikte verzameling <a href="/wiki/Lemma_(naslagwerk)" title="Lemma (naslagwerk)">lemma</a>'s met informatie over allerlei gebieden van kennis of over een gespecialiseerd terrein, vaak met aanvullingen zoals <a href="/wiki/Illustratie" title="Illustratie">afbeeldingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geluidsopname" class="mw-redirect" title="Geluidsopname">geluidsopnames</a> en <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">videomateriaal</a>. Waar een <a href="/wiki/Woordenboek" title="Woordenboek">woordenboek</a> zich beperkt tot het geven van een <a href="/wiki/Definitie" title="Definitie">definitie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Synoniem_(taalkunde)" title="Synoniem (taalkunde)">synoniemen</a> en taalkundige informatie over het woord, biedt een encyclopedie feitelijke kennis over het met dat woord aangeduide onderwerp, verklaart het belang en de ontwikkeling ervan, verhaalt hoe het onderwerp zich verhoudt tot een meer algemeen kennisgebied en verwijst naar eventuele onderdelen, afgeleiden en deelgebieden. </p><p>In de academische wereld wordt het woord <i>encyclopedie</i> ook gebruikt voor het leervak dat een algemene inleiding tot een wetenschap inhoudt en dat ingaat op de fundamenten van die wetenschap en de context met andere wetenschappen, met een overzicht van de verschillende vakdisciplines en dat in de <a href="/wiki/Bachelor" title="Bachelor">bacheloropleiding</a> wordt aangeboden. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologie">Etymologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Etymologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Etymologie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Ringelbergius,_%27Lucubrationes...KYKLOPEDEIA...%27_ed._Basel_1541_original.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ringelbergius%2C_%27Lucubrationes...KYKLOPEDEIA...%27_ed._Basel_1541_original.JPG/260px-Ringelbergius%2C_%27Lucubrationes...KYKLOPEDEIA...%27_ed._Basel_1541_original.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ringelbergius%2C_%27Lucubrationes...KYKLOPEDEIA...%27_ed._Basel_1541_original.JPG/390px-Ringelbergius%2C_%27Lucubrationes...KYKLOPEDEIA...%27_ed._Basel_1541_original.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Ringelbergius%2C_%27Lucubrationes...KYKLOPEDEIA...%27_ed._Basel_1541_original.JPG 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption><i>Lucubrationes vel potius absolutissima kyklopaideia</i> van <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Sterck_van_Ringelbergh" title="Joachim Sterck van Ringelbergh">Joachimus Fortius Ringelbergius</a>, Basel 1541, waarin het woord kyklopedeia voor het eerst op het titelblad verschijnt</figcaption></figure> <p>De Latijnse term encyclopædia uit de <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> is afgeleid van het Grieks. Het Nederlandse woord <i>encyclopedie</i> stamt af van het <a href="/wiki/Klassiek_Grieks" class="mw-redirect" title="Klassiek Grieks">klassiek Grieks</a> "ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία" (<a href="/wiki/Transliteratie" title="Transliteratie">transliteratie</a>: "enkyklios paideia") en betekent letterlijk "algemene vorming" of "afgerond totaal van kennis". Het woord <i>encyclopedie</i> dateert uit de zestiende eeuw. Encyclopedische projecten van voor de zestiende eeuw werden eerst aangeduid als <i>spiegel</i> (Speculum) of <i>som</i> (Summa), later als <i><a href="/wiki/Woordenboek" title="Woordenboek">woordenboek</a></i> (<i>Dictionnaire historique et critique</i> van <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bayle" title="Pierre Bayle">Pierre Bayle</a>, 1697) of <i>lexicon</i> (<i>Konversationslexikon</i> van Brockhaus, 1796-1811).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sommige encyclopedieën bevatten echter uitsluitend specialistische kennis op een enkel gebied. De term werd in <a href="/wiki/1541" title="1541">1541</a> voor het eerst (bijvoeglijk) gebruikt door de Antwerpenaar <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Sterck_van_Ringelbergh" title="Joachim Sterck van Ringelbergh">Joachimus Fortius Ringelbergius</a> (ca. 1499–ca. 1556) in zijn werk <i>Lucubrationes vel potius absolutissima kyklopaideia</i> (Bazel, 1541). Als zelfstandig naamwoord in de titel kwam het als eerste voor in <i>Encyclopaedia seu orbis disciplinarum tam sacrarum quam prophanarum epistemon</i> (Bazel, 1559) van de Kroatische encyclopedist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pavao_Skali%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pavao Skalić (de pagina bestaat niet)">Pavao Skalić</a> (1534-1575). </p><p>De ordening in rubrieken berust op een wetenschapssystematiek die teruggaat op de <a href="/wiki/Zeven_vrije_kunsten" title="Zeven vrije kunsten">Artes Liberales</a> uit het hellenistisch opvoedkundig model, en op de moderne systematiek der wetenschappen zoals die werd ontwikkeld door de filosoof <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(wetenschapper,_1561)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Bacon (wetenschapper, 1561)">sir Francis Bacon</a>. De alfabetische ordening van een encyclopedie is van recentere datum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soorten">Soorten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Soorten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Soorten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Encyclopedieën kunnen algemeen van aard zijn en artikelen bevatten over allerlei onderwerpen, of ze kunnen gespecialiseerd zijn - bijvoorbeeld een medische encyclopedie of een taalkundige encyclopedie. </p><p>Naast algemene encyclopedieën bestaan er thematische encyclopedieën, bijvoorbeeld op het gebied van de <a href="/wiki/Film_(cinematografie)" title="Film (cinematografie)">film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gezondheidszorg" title="Gezondheidszorg">gezondheidszorg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst">kunst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popmuziek" title="Popmuziek">popmuziek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Planten" title="Planten">planten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dieren_(biologie)" title="Dieren (biologie)">dieren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis" title="Geschiedenis">geschiedenis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wijn" title="Wijn">wijn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auto" title="Auto">auto's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landen_van_de_wereld" class="mw-redirect" title="Landen van de wereld">landen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lesbo-encyclopedie" title="Lesbo-encyclopedie">lesbianisme</a>. Bovendien bestaan er encyclopedieën voor bepaalde doelgroepen zoals de <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedie_voor_de_jeugd" title="Encyclopedie voor de jeugd">Encyclopedie voor de jeugd</a>. </p><p>Men onderscheidt ruwweg twee manieren waarop de informatie ontsloten wordt: </p> <ul><li>het Angelsaksische type, met enkele lange, diepgravende, veelal thematisch opgezette artikelen, en een uitgebreid register. Het bekendste voorbeeld is de <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>.</li> <li>het Duitse type (Konversationslexicon), met een groot aantal beknopte artikelen.</li></ul> <p>Een encyclopedie wordt samengesteld door <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedist" title="Encyclopedist">encyclopedisten</a>. Doorgaans is er een centrale redactie die vakspecialisten inhuurt om artikelen te schrijven of bij te werken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verkoop">Verkoop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verkoop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verkoop"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De aankoop van een encyclopedie op papier was een kostbare zaak, waarmee <a href="/wiki/Uitgever" class="mw-redirect" title="Uitgever">uitgevers</a> veel geld konden verdienen. De verkoop gebeurde regelmatig via (al dan niet telefonische) <a href="/wiki/Colportage" title="Colportage">colportage</a>, waarbij de verkopers uitgebreid wezen op het belang van het in huis hebben van een encyclopedie (bijvoorbeeld "voor de kinderen"). Een encyclopedie gold vroeger als een aankoop voor het leven. Dat geldt niet voor de digitale versie. Van diverse encyclopedieën op cd-rom komen elk jaar nieuwe versies uit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vroege_encyclopedieën"><span id="Vroege_encyclopedie.C3.ABn"></span>Vroege encyclopedieën</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Vroege encyclopedieën" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Vroege encyclopedieën"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Brockhaus_Lexikon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Brockhaus_Lexikon.jpg/260px-Brockhaus_Lexikon.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Brockhaus_Lexikon.jpg/390px-Brockhaus_Lexikon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Brockhaus_Lexikon.jpg/520px-Brockhaus_Lexikon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Delen van een oude editie van de <a href="/wiki/F.A._Brockhaus" title="F.A. Brockhaus">Brockhaus</a>, een <a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Duitstalige</a> encyclopedie</figcaption></figure> <p>De bij de <a href="/wiki/Oude_Griekenland" title="Oude Griekenland">Grieken</a> aanwezige behoefte om de wetenschappelijke kennis te inventariseren ten dienste van de opvoeding van de vrije burger leidde tot het schrijven van <a href="/wiki/Repertorium" title="Repertorium">repertoria</a>, die als vroegste voorlopers van de encyclopedie kunnen worden aangemerkt. Zo schreef volgens de overlevering <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato's</a> leerling <a href="/wiki/Speusippos" title="Speusippos">Speusippos</a> een dergelijk repertorium, dat niet bewaard is gebleven. Het gezamenlijke werk van <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> had een sterk encyclopedisch karakter, omdat daarin systematisch het geheel van kennis en wetenschap uit die tijd werd bestreken.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bij de <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Rijk" title="Romeinse Rijk">Romeinen</a> kwamen de eerste werken voor die als een encyclopedie aangemerkt kunnen worden, zoals de <a href="/wiki/Naturalis_historia" title="Naturalis historia">Naturalis historia</a> van <a href="/wiki/Plinius_de_Oudere" title="Plinius de Oudere">Plinius de Oudere</a> uit de <a href="/wiki/1e_eeuw" title="1e eeuw">1e eeuw</a>. </p><p>De <i>Etymologiae</i> van <a href="/wiki/Isidorus_van_Sevilla" title="Isidorus van Sevilla">Isidorus van Sevilla</a> is een encyclopedisch werk uit de <a href="/wiki/7e_eeuw" title="7e eeuw">7e eeuw</a> dat eeuwenlang groot gezag genoot. Een belangrijk werk was ook de <a href="/wiki/Suda" title="Suda">Suda</a>, een encyclopedie uit de <a href="/wiki/10e_eeuw" title="10e eeuw">10e eeuw</a> over klassieke en <a href="/wiki/Byzantijnse_literatuur" title="Byzantijnse literatuur">Byzantijnse schrijvers</a>. Dankzij de Suda is veel kennis over de Griekse oudheid bewaard gebleven. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middeleeuwen">Middeleeuwen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Middeleeuwen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Middeleeuwen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Vincenzo_di_Beauvais_Speculum_Maius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Vincenzo_di_Beauvais_Speculum_Maius.jpg/260px-Vincenzo_di_Beauvais_Speculum_Maius.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Vincenzo_di_Beauvais_Speculum_Maius.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>Vincenzo di Beauvais: Speculum Maius. Ca. 1463.</figcaption></figure> <p>Uit de <a href="/wiki/13e_eeuw" title="13e eeuw">13e eeuw</a> is het <i>Speculum maius</i> van <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Beauvais" title="Vincent van Beauvais">Vincent van Beauvais</a> bekend, een zeer omvangrijk werk van 80 delen. Andere middeleeuwse encyclopedieën zijn onder meer: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hrabanus_Maurus" title="Hrabanus Maurus">Hrabanus Maurus</a> – <i>De rerum naturis</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_van_Sint-Omaars" title="Lambert van Sint-Omaars">Lambert van Sint-Omaars</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Liber_floridus" title="Liber floridus">Liber floridus</a></i> (1090-circa 1121)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_van_Cantimpr%C3%A9" title="Thomas van Cantimpré">Thomas van Cantimpré</a> – <i>De natura rerum</i> (1230-1245)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomaeus_Anglicus" title="Bartholomaeus Anglicus">Bartholomaeus Anglicus</a> – <i>De proprietatibus rerum</i> (circa 1250)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunetto_Latini" title="Brunetto Latini">Brunetto Latini</a> – <i>Li Livres dou Tresor</i> (na 1260)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Maerlant" title="Jacob van Maerlant">Jacob van Maerlant</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Der_naturen_bloeme" title="Der naturen bloeme">Der naturen bloeme</a></i> (circa 1270)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latere_encyclopedieën"><span id="Latere_encyclopedie.C3.ABn"></span>Latere encyclopedieën</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Latere encyclopedieën" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Latere encyclopedieën"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Brit <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Harris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Harris (de pagina bestaat niet)">John Harris</a> (ca. 1666–1719) wordt vaak genoemd als de eerste die in <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a> het nu bekende encyclopedieformaat bepaalde met zijn <i>Lexicon Technicum: or, An Universal English Dictionary of Arts and Sciences: Explaining not only the Terms of Art, but the Arts Themselves </i>. Zijn landgenoot <a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Chambers" title="Ephraim Chambers">Ephraim Chambers</a> publiceerde in <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a> een hierop gebaseerd naslagwerk genaamd <i><a href="/wiki/Cyclopaedia" title="Cyclopaedia">Cyclopaedia</a></i>. De <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> begon bescheiden: tussen <a href="/wiki/1768" title="1768">1768</a> en <a href="/wiki/1771" title="1771">1771</a> werden drie delen gepubliceerd. De editie van <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a> was de laatste papieren uitgave van de voornoemde encyclopedie.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Van de vroege algemene encyclopedieën is het bekendste voorbeeld wellicht de Franse <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie">Encyclopédie</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Redactie" class="mw-redirect" title="Redactie">geredigeerd</a> door <a href="/wiki/Jean_le_Rond_d%27Alembert" title="Jean le Rond d'Alembert">Jean le Rond d'Alembert</a> en <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a>, en uitgebracht in <a href="/wiki/1772" title="1772">1772</a>. Dit naslagwerk was sterk <a href="/wiki/Polemiek" title="Polemiek">polemisch</a> en <a href="/wiki/Antiklerikalisme" title="Antiklerikalisme">antiklerikaal</a>: de <a href="/wiki/Rooms-Katholieke_Kerk" title="Rooms-Katholieke Kerk">Rooms-Katholieke Kerk</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">christelijk</a> geloof moesten het ontgelden. <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Larousse" title="Pierre Larousse">Pierre Larousse</a> werkte in die traditie verder. Deze encyclopedie werd in veel landen verboden. </p><p>De Berlijnse arts <a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Kr%C3%BCnitz" title="Johann Georg Krünitz">Johann Georg Krünitz</a> schreef tussen 1773 en 1796 de eerste moderne Duitse encyclopedie, de <i>Oekonomische Encyklopädie</i>. Van dit werk verschenen (grotendeels <a href="/wiki/Postuum" title="Postuum">postuum</a>) 242 delen met in totaal ongeveer 170.000 pagina's. </p><p>De Parijse <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedist" title="Encyclopedist">encyclopedist</a> en uitgever <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Larousse" title="Pierre Larousse">Pierre Larousse</a> publiceerde de <i>Grand Dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle</i> (zeventien delen van elk 1500 bladzijden), die verscheen tussen 1866 en 1877. Bij uitgeverij <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Larousse" title="Éditions Larousse">Larousse</a> verscheen in de periode 1898-1907 ook de <i>Nouveau Larousse illustré</i> (zeven delen, met supplement) van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Aug%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Augé (de pagina bestaat niet)">Claude Augé</a> (1854-1924), die opviel door de overvloedige illustraties. Van deze laatste encyclopedie, die meer informatief en educatief van karakter was, werden gedurende dertig jaar meer dan 250.000 exemplaren verkocht. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Otto%27s_encyclopedie" title="Otto's encyclopedie">Otto's encyclopedie</a>, oorspronkelijk uitgebracht door <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Otto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Otto (de pagina bestaat niet)">Jan Otto</a> (in samenwerking met anderen) tussen 1880 en 1908, is de grootste encyclopedie in de Tsjechische taal. Tussen 1930 en 1943 werd een tweede reeks uitgebracht en van 1996 tot en met 2003 volgde een herdruk van de oorspronkelijke reeks. Vanwege de omvang en kwaliteit wordt de encyclopedie wel vergeleken met andere van zijn tijd, zoals de <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opkomst_van_de_digitale_encyclopedie">Opkomst van de digitale encyclopedie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Opkomst van de digitale encyclopedie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Opkomst van de digitale encyclopedie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ongeveer vanaf de <a href="/wiki/1990-1999" title="1990-1999">jaren 90</a> van de 20e eeuw verschenen de eerste <a href="/wiki/Digitalisering" title="Digitalisering">digitale</a> encyclopedieën: deze waren niet meer op <a href="/wiki/Papier" title="Papier">papier</a>, maar op <a href="/wiki/Cd-rom" title="Cd-rom">cd-rom</a> of <a href="/wiki/Digital_Versatile_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Versatile Disc">dvd</a> of <a href="/wiki/Online_(algemeen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Online (algemeen)">online</a> toegankelijk. Deze waren al snel veel goedkoper, bij een gelijk aantal of zelfs groter aantal en uitgebreidere artikelen, dan de gedrukte exemplaren. Een ander verschil met voorheen was dat aanpassingen aan artikelen snel doorgevoerd kunnen worden en beschikbaar gesteld aan klanten zonder dat deze een jaarlijks te verschijnen supplement moeten aanschaffen of zelfs een hele nieuwe druk moesten bestellen. Dit betekende het einde van de papieren encyclopedieën. Na <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a> zijn er in Nederland geen grote encyclopedieën meer op papier verschenen: de negende druk van de <a href="/wiki/Winkler_Prins_Encyclopedie" title="Winkler Prins Encyclopedie">Winkler Prins</a>, verschenen tussen 1990 en 1993, was de laatste. </p><p>De <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> kwam in <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a> kosteloos beschikbaar op het <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a>; de uitgever hoopte op voldoende <a href="/wiki/Advertentie" title="Advertentie">advertentie</a>-inkomsten, maar stapte al snel over op betaalde abonnementen. De <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition</a>, de editie uit 1911 van de <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, is integraal beschikbaar op het web; deze editie is <a href="/wiki/Publiek_domein" title="Publiek domein">publiek domein</a> omdat ze meer dan 70 jaar oud is.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Een andere encyclopedie, <i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Encarta" title="Microsoft Encarta">Microsoft Encarta</a></i>, verscheen in de jaren 1990 op cd-rom en later op het web. Dit project is in 2009 stopgezet.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In januari 2001 ging <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> van start: een digitale encyclopedie uitgevoerd als een <a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wiki</a>, een project waarin iedereen met een internetaansluiting tekst, beeld en geluid kan toevoegen en veranderen. Binnen enkele jaren groeide Wikipedia uit tot de grootste en meest geraadpleegde encyclopedie ooit. Uit een onderzoek uit 2005 bleek dat de kwaliteit van veel Wikipedia-artikelen toen nog steeds niet veel verschilde met die van een 'gesloten' encyclopedie.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nederlandstalige_encyclopedieën"><span id="Nederlandstalige_encyclopedie.C3.ABn"></span>Nederlandstalige encyclopedieën</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nederlandstalige encyclopedieën" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nederlandstalige encyclopedieën"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De eerste volwaardige Nederlandstalige encyclopedie, de <a href="/wiki/Winkler_Prins_Encyclopedie" title="Winkler Prins Encyclopedie">Winkler Prins Encyclopedie</a>, werd eigenhandig geschreven door <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Winkler_Prins" title="Anthony Winkler Prins">Anthony Winkler Prins</a> en bestond uit zestien delen (<a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>-<a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>). De hoogtijdagen voor Nederlandstalige encyclopedieën waren de eerste decennia na de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog">Tweede Wereldoorlog</a>. </p><p>De voornaamste encyclopedieën waren: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algemeene_Nederlandsche_encyclopedie_voor_den_beschaafden_stand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algemeene Nederlandsche encyclopedie voor den beschaafden stand (de pagina bestaat niet)">Algemeene Nederlandsche encyclopedie voor den beschaafden stand</a>. Zutphen/Leiden, Plantenga/Sijthoff, 1864-1868. 15 delen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christelijke_Encyclopedie" title="Christelijke Encyclopedie">Christelijke Encyclopedie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Katholieke_Encyclopaedie" title="De Katholieke Encyclopaedie">De Katholieke Encyclopaedie</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1933-1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedie_voor_iedereen" title="Encyclopedie voor iedereen">Encyclopedie voor iedereen</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - Utrecht, Uitgeversmaatschappij W. de Haan N.V., 1933. Tot en met 1978 verschenen 9 drukken.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eerste_Nederlandse_Systematisch_Ingerichte_Encyclopaedie" title="Eerste Nederlandse Systematisch Ingerichte Encyclopaedie">Eerste Nederlandse Systematisch Ingerichte Encyclopaedie</a>. Amsterdam, E.N.S.I.E., 1946-1960. 12 delen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grote_Nederlandse_Larousse_Encyclopedie" title="Grote Nederlandse Larousse Encyclopedie">Grote Nederlandse Larousse Encyclopedie</a> (GNLE). (1972-1979). 25 delen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grote_Spectrum_Encyclopedie" title="Grote Spectrum Encyclopedie">Grote Spectrum Encyclopedie</a>. Utrecht, Het Spectrum, 1974-1980. 24 delen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oosthoek_(encyclopedie)" title="Oosthoek (encyclopedie)">Oosthoek</a>, grote en kleine</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sesam_Encyclopedie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sesam Encyclopedie (de pagina bestaat niet)">Sesam Encyclopedie</a> - 12 delen in pocketformaat (bewerking van: <i>Bertelsmanns Bildungsbuch</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standaard_Encyclopedie" title="Standaard Encyclopedie">Standaard Encyclopedie</a> - 1969-1973 15 delen</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summa_Encyclopedie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Summa Encyclopedie (de pagina bestaat niet)">Summa Encyclopedie</a>. Antwerpen/Utrecht, Standaard Uitgeverij/ Kluwer Algemene Boeken (1973-1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winkler_Prins_Encyclopedie" title="Winkler Prins Encyclopedie">Winkler Prins Encyclopedie</a>, grote en kleine</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jason König en Greg Woolf (eds.), <i>Encyclopaedism from Antiquity to the Renaissance</i>, 2013, <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9781139814683" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9781139814683">ISBN 9781139814683</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enzyklothek.de/"><i>Enzyklothek. Historische Nachschlagewerke</i></a> - Digital library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diderot.alembert.free.fr/">L'Encyclopédie de Diderot et d'Alembert</a>.</li> <li>Vakgroep Boek-, Bibliotheek- en Informatiewetenschap (Universiteit van Amsterdam): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130210010506/http://cf.hum.uva.nl/nhl/Giraf/encyclopedieen.htm">Encyclopedieën</a>: Overzicht van encyclopedieën in het Nederlands, Duits, Frans en Engels.</li> <li>Leerstoelgroep Boekwetenschap en handschriftenkunde (Universiteit van Amsterdam): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130210010510/http://cf.hum.uva.nl/nhl/bizon/encyclopedieen.htm">Encyclopedieën</a>: Overzicht diverse encyclopedieën.</li></ul> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Encyclopedias#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Encyclopedias">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Encyclopedias#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Encyclopedias">Encyclopedias</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Voetnoten</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.ugent.be/viewer/archive.ugent.be:018970A2-B1E8-11DF-A2E0-A70579F64438#?c=&m=&s=&cv=14&xywh=-1421,1766,13850,7733">Liber Floridus [manuscript</a>]. <i>lib.ugent.be</i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2020-08-26">26 augustus 2020</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lemma <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/dela012alge01_01/dela012alge01_01_00502.php">Encyclopedie-1</a></i> in het <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/dela012alge01_01/">Algemeen Letterkundig Lexicon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Jan_van_Bork" title="Gerrit Jan van Bork">G.J. van Bork</a>, D. Delabastita, H. van Gorp, <a href="/wiki/Piet_Verkruijsse" title="Piet Verkruijsse">P.J. Verkruijsse</a> en G.J. Vis, 2012, geraadpleegd op 28 april 2021.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230608003936/https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/dela012alge01_01/">Gearchiveerd</a> op 8 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Oosthoek_(encyclopedie)" title="Oosthoek (encyclopedie)">Oosthoek encyclopedie</a>. 1968-1973, deel 5, p. 105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nos.nl/artikel/351261-britannica-niet-langer-op-papier.html">"Britannica niet langer op papier"</a>, NOS.nl, 14 maart 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230417102935/https://nos.nl/artikel/351261-britannica-niet-langer-op-papier.html">Gearchiveerd</a> op 17 april 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/EncyclopaediaBritannica1911HQDJVU">Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed. 1911 in DJVU (1911)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span lang="en" title="Engels">Noam Cohen</span>: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/03/30/microsoft-encarta-dies-after-long-battle-with-wikipedia/"><span lang="en" title="Engels">Microsoft Encarta Dies After Long Battle With Wikipedia</span></a>", <span lang="en" title="Engels">New York Times</span>, 30 maart 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220327193226/https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/03/30/microsoft-encarta-dies-after-long-battle-with-wikipedia/">Gearchiveerd</a> op 27 maart 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreas Udo de Haes: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120905110545/http://webwereld.nl/nieuws/56645/microsoft-trekt-stekker-uit-encarta.html">Microsoft trekt stekker uit Encarta</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Webwereld" title="Webwereld">Webwereld</a></i>, 31 maart 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v438/n7070/full/438900a.html">Special Report: Internet encyclopaedias go head to head</a>, <i>Nature</i>, december 2005, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F438900a">10.1038/438900a</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.delpher.nl/nl/boeken/view?coll=boeken&identifier=MMKB18:003896000">https://www.delpher.nl/nl/boeken/view?coll=boeken&identifier=MMKB18:003896000</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.delpher.nl/nl/boeken/view?coll=boeken&identifier=MMKB18:000802000">https://www.delpher.nl/nl/boeken/view?coll=boeken&identifier=MMKB18:000802000</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Literatuur</b> </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Nederlands">(<span>nl</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Griep, Jac. L., J.A. van Houtte (hoofdred.)</span> (1968-1973) - <i>Oosthoeks Encyclopedie</i> in 15 delen + supplement. Utrecht : A. Oosthoek's Uitgeversmaatschappij N.V., 6e uitgave.</li></ul> </div> <div class="interProject wiktionary mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/encyclopedie" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/encyclopedie">WikiWoordenboek</a></div><div class="interProjectTemplate"></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&oldid=67670454">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Encyclopedie&oldid=67670454</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Encyclopedie" title="Categorie:Encyclopedie">Encyclopedie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Naslagwerk" title="Categorie:Naslagwerk">Naslagwerk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Boek_naar_type" title="Categorie:Boek naar type">Boek naar type</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 14 jun 2024 om 07:26.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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