CINXE.COM
Competing Interests - About ScienceOpen
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <title>Competing Interests - About ScienceOpen</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.scienceopen.com/css/images/favicon.ico?_=1732644478689" /> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('consent', 'default', { // 'ad_storage': _$_adStorage_, 'analytics_storage': "denied" }); gtag('js', new Date()); var opt = { 'send_page_view': true, 'user_id': null, 'page_path': window.location.pathname + window.location.search, 'dimension0': /* isLoggedIn */ "-", 'dimension1': /* pageType */ "-", 'dimension2': /* contentType */ "-", 'dimension3': /* openAccess */ "-", 'dimension4': /* isValidated */ "-", 'dimension5': /* userTier */ "-", 'dimension6': /* id */ null }; gtag('config', "G-ZTPCWS1PZ8", opt); if (opt.send_page_view) { console.log('[rlwjun] analytics page view:', opt); } </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-ZTPCWS1PZ8"></script> <script> var so_params = { version: "1732644478689", publicPath: "https:\/\/www.scienceopen.com\/wicket\/resource\/org.apache.wicket.Application\/script\/", mainSiteUrl: "https:\/\/www.scienceopen.com\/", brand: undefined } </script> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> <link rel="canonical" href="https://about.scienceopen.com/competing-interests/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Competing Interests - About ScienceOpen" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Reviewers must declare if they have any potential conflicts of interest that may influence their independent judgment and hence result in positively or negatively biased reviews. Declaration of competing interests aims to allow others to evaluate the autonomy and neutrality of the reviewer’s judgment. Competing interests generally arise from personal, financial or professional/academic relationships that result […]" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://about.scienceopen.com/competing-interests/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="About ScienceOpen" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2014-07-31T11:31:23+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2017-06-13T05:02:54+00:00" /> <meta name="author" content="Admin" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@Science_Open" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@Science_Open" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Admin" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="2 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://about.scienceopen.com/competing-interests/","url":"https://about.scienceopen.com/competing-interests/","name":"Competing Interests - About ScienceOpen","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://about.scienceopen.com/#website"},"datePublished":"2014-07-31T11:31:23+00:00","dateModified":"2017-06-13T05:02:54+00:00","author":{"@id":"https://about.scienceopen.com/#/schema/person/8c4456dacb49802e54cf48bc3cc191dd"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://about.scienceopen.com/competing-interests/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://about.scienceopen.com/competing-interests/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://about.scienceopen.com/competing-interests/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://about.scienceopen.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Competing Interests"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://about.scienceopen.com/#website","url":"https://about.scienceopen.com/","name":"About ScienceOpen","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://about.scienceopen.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://about.scienceopen.com/#/schema/person/8c4456dacb49802e54cf48bc3cc191dd","name":"Admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://about.scienceopen.com/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cc5580bbf84f3918779014446fc04ecc?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cc5580bbf84f3918779014446fc04ecc?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Admin"},"url":"https://about.scienceopen.com/author/sebastian-alers/"}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.scienceopen.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="About ScienceOpen » Feed" href="https://about.scienceopen.com/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/about.scienceopen.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://about.scienceopen.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cpsh-shortcodes-css' href='https://about.scienceopen.com/wp-content/plugins/column-shortcodes//assets/css/shortcodes.css?ver=1.0.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='so-style-css' href='https://www.scienceopen.com/wicket/resource/org.apache.wicket.Application/css/screen.css?_=1732644478689&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='so-wp-css-css' href='https://www.scienceopen.com/wicket/resource/org.apache.wicket.Application/css/wp.css?_=1732644478689&ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.scienceopen.com/script/jquery.js?_=1732644478689&ver=6.7.1" id="jq-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.scienceopen.com/wicket/resource/org.apache.wicket.Application/script/runtime.js?_=1732644478689&ver=6.7.1" id="runtime-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.scienceopen.com/wicket/resource/org.apache.wicket.Application/script/so.js?_=1732644478689&ver=6.7.1" id="so-js-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://about.scienceopen.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://about.scienceopen.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/94" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://about.scienceopen.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://about.scienceopen.com/?p=94' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://about.scienceopen.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fabout.scienceopen.com%2Fcompeting-interests%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://about.scienceopen.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fabout.scienceopen.com%2Fcompeting-interests%2F&format=xml" /> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-94 single-format-standard"> <script> so_main(); </script> <div class="so-main-bg"> <header class="so-main-header so--delay-0 "> <div class="so-container"> <div class="so-floats"> <div class="so-floats-start so-m-y-0"> <a href="https://www.scienceopen.com/" class="so-b3 so--borderless so--roundless so-header-button-home-link "> <span class="so-icon so--logo"> <span class="so-logo-green"></span> <span class="so-logo-dark"></span> <span class="so-logo-light"></span> <span class="so-sr">ScienceOpen: <small>research and publishing network</small></span> </span> </a> </div> <div class="so-floats-end so--green-4"> <div class="so-homen-wrapper so--top so-dy-a-n so-dy-d-ib"> <a class="so-homen-button so--top so--down"> For Publishers </a> <div class="so-homen-pos so--left"> <div class="so-homen-trans"> <div class="so-homen-menu"> <a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/publishers_discovery" class="so-homen-button">Discovery</a> <a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/metadata-services/" class="so-homen-button">Metadata</a> <a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/peer-review-management-tools/" class="so-homen-button">Peer review</a> <a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/open-access-hosting/" class="so-homen-button">Hosting</a> <a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/publishing-services/" class="so-homen-button">Publishing</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="so-homen-wrapper so--top so-dy-a-n so-dy-d-ib"> <a class="so-homen-button so--top so--down"> For Researchers </a> <div class="so-homen-pos so--left"> <div class="so-homen-trans"> <div class="so-homen-menu"> <a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/user-features/" class="so-homen-button">Join</a> <a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/publish/" class="so-homen-button">Publish</a> <a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/peer-review-guidelines/" class="so-homen-button">Review</a> <a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/collections/" class="so-homen-button">Collect</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="http://blog.scienceopen.com/" class="so-homen-button so--top so-dy-a-n so-dy-d-ib"> Blog </a><br class="so-n" /><a href="http://about.scienceopen.com/" class="so-homen-button so--top so-dy-a-n so-dy-d-ib"> About </a><br class="so-n" /> <div class="so-header-button-label so-dy-a-n so-dy-c-ib"> <a href="https://www.scienceopen.com/search" class="so-b3 so--medium so--borderless so--green-4 so--start"> <span class="so-icon so--search"></span> Search </a><br class="so-n"><a href="https://www.scienceopen.com/search#advanced" class="so-b3 so--medium so--borderless so--green-2 so--end" title="Advanced search"> <span class="so-sr">Advanced search</span> <span class="so-icon so--advanced-search"></span> </a> </div> <div class="so-homen-wrapper so--top so-dy-d-n"> <button type="button" class="so-homen-button so--top" title="Menu"> <span class="so-icon so--menu"></span> </button> <div class="so-homen-pos so--left"> <div class="so-homen-trans"> <div class="so-homen-menu"> <div class="so-homen-button so--title so-dy-c-n"> Search </div> <div class="so-homen-indent so-dy-c-n"> <ul class="so-homen-group"> <li> <a href="https://www.scienceopen.com/search" class="so-homen-button so--bb"> <span class="so-icon so--search"></span> Search </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.scienceopen.com/search#advanced" class="so-homen-button so--bb"> <span class="so-icon so--advanced-search"></span> Advanced search </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="so-homen-button so--title">For Publishers</div> <div class="so-homen-indent"> <ul class="so-homen-group"> <li> <a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/publishers_discovery" class="so-homen-button so--bb">Discovery</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/metadata-services/" class="so-homen-button so--bb">Metadata</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/peer-review-management-tools/" class="so-homen-button so--bb">Peer review</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/open-access-hosting/" class="so-homen-button so--bb">Hosting</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/publishing-services/" class="so-homen-button so--bb">Publishing</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="so-homen-button so--title">For Researchers</div> <div class="so-homen-indent"> <ul class="so-homen-group"> <li> <a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/user-features/" class="so-homen-button so--bb">Join</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/publish/" class="so-homen-button so--bb">Publish</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/peer-review-guidelines/" class="so-homen-button so--bb">Review</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/collections/" class="so-homen-button so--bb">Collect</a> </li> </ul> </div> <ul class="so-homen-group"> <a href="http://blog.scienceopen.com/" class="so-homen-button"> Blog </a> <a href="http://about.scienceopen.com/" class="so-homen-button"> About </a> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="so-main-wrapper"> <div id="61ea5662-1322-1584-447e-912b9a71d3ed"> <div class="so-main-section"> <div class="so-container"> <div class="so-col so--a-24 so--d-18 so--d-push-6 so--f-14 so--f-push-5"> <main class="so-m-t-20"> <article id="post-94" class="so-box so--20 "> <div class="so-secondary so-m-b-10">In: <a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/category/for-researchers/" rel="category tag">For Researchers</a> <span class="so-icon so--triangle-right so-color-dark-gray"></span></div> <header class="so-box-title"> <h1>Competing Interests</h1> </header> <div class="so-b3-container so--10 so-m-b-5 so-secondary"> <div class="so-b3-label so--chop so--secondary"><a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/competing-interests/"><time title="Originally published on: July 31, 2014" datetime="2017-06-13T05:02:54+00:00">June 13, 2017</time> *</a></div> </div> <p style="text-align: justify;">Reviewers must declare if they have any potential conflicts of interest that may influence their independent judgment and hence result in positively or negatively biased reviews. Declaration of competing interests aims to allow others to evaluate the autonomy and neutrality of the reviewer’s judgment. Competing interests generally arise from personal, financial or professional/academic relationships that result in a divergence between the reviewer’s private interests and their responsibilities as neutral reviewer.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span id="more-94"></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Please contact the <a href="mailto: jon.tennant@scienceopen.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">editorial office</a> in case you are uncertain whether your personal relationship results in a conflict that has to be declared or not.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">In any case, <strong>please refrain from peer reviewing a paper if you personally feel unable to provide a fair and unbiased review.</strong> If you review or comment on a paper, neither allow your judgment to be influenced by any personal characteristics of the authors nor by private financial considerations or personal relationships.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Please see the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/cope-ethical-guidelines-peer-reviewers">COPE Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers</a> for further information on what we expect.</p> <p> </p> <h4 style="text-align: justify;">Do I have a conflict of interest?</h4> <p style="text-align: justify;">Answering the following questions will give you an impression of the kind of relationships we regard as potentially conflicting:</p> <ul> <li style="text-align: justify;">Do you work in the same institution or for the same company as any of the authors, or have applied for a job there?</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Have you been mentoring any of the authors within the past 5 years?</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Do you have a close collaboration or did you co-publish with any of the authors in the past 5 years?</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Have you been joint grant holders and/or co-applicants for research funding with any of the authors within the last 5 years?</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Do you have a close personal relationship with any of the authors, e.g. friendship, partnership, antipathy, family relationship, or other relations by marriage?</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Do you have personal, political or religious conviction that may have affected your opinion and that readers should be aware of when reading your review.</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Will you have any kind of financial benefit from a positive or negative evaluation of the paper?</li> <li style="text-align: justify;">Do you have a financial interest in companies that might benefit from a positive or negative evaluation of the paper (e.g., direct employment, consultancy or advisory work, stock/share holder)?</li> </ul> <footer class="so-c-b"> </footer> </article> <div class="so-box so--20"> <nav class="navigation post-navigation" aria-label="Posts"> <h2 class="screen-reader-text">Post navigation</h2> <div class="nav-links"><div class="nav-previous"><a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/open-access-explanation-of-cc-by-license/" rel="prev"><span class="meta-nav" aria-hidden="true"><span class="so-icon so--triangle-left"></span><span class="so-icon so--triangle-left"></span> <span class="so-sr">Previous: </span></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Previous post:</span> <span class="post-title">Open Access License Agreement</span></a></div><div class="nav-next"><a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/what-is-post-publication-peer-review/" rel="next"><span class="meta-nav" aria-hidden="true"><span class="so-icon so--triangle-right"></span><span class="so-icon so--triangle-right"></span> <span class="so-sr">Next: </span></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Next post:</span> <span class="post-title">What is Public Post-Publication Peer Review?</span></a></div></div> </nav> </div> </main> </div><!-- --><div class="so-col so--a-24 so--d-6 so--d-pull-18 so--f-5 so--f-pull-14"> <div class="so-box so--20 so-m-t-20"> <aside id="categories-2" class="so-layout-section widget_categories"><header class="so-layout-section-header so-in-gray-column"><h4 class="so-layout-section-title">Categories</h4></header> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-10"><a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/category/about-scienceopen/">About ScienceOpen</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-17"><a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/category/for-publishers/">For Publishers</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-16"><a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/category/for-researchers/">For Researchers</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://about.scienceopen.com/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> </li> </ul> </aside> </div> <div class="so-m-y-20"> <a class="so-b3 so--reg-link" href="https://www.scienceopen.com/register"> <img class="so-reg-link-img" src="https://about.scienceopen.com/wp-content/themes/so-about-3.2.4/content/a/register-now.7bab4fe58a8085381afe6133685136e7.svg" alt=""/> <span class="so-reg-link-label"> <span class="so-d-h3 so-d-heading so-m-y-10" style="line-height: 1">Join for FREE</span> <br/>and become part of the ScienceOpen network </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="so-main-footer"> <div class="so-main-footer-top"> <div class="so-container"> <div class="so-col so--a-24 so--c-8"> <div class="so-section"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <p> <a href="http://blog.scienceopen.com/">Blog</a><br /> <a href="http://about.scienceopen.com/">About</a><br /> <a href="https://www.scienceopen.com/search">Search</a><br /> <a href="https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-documents?list=years">Archive</a> </p> <p> <a href="http://about.scienceopen.com/copyright-notice/">Copyright Notice</a><br /> <a class="so-feedback-link">Feedback</a><br /> <a href="http://about.scienceopen.com/contact/">Contact</a><br /> <a href="http://about.scienceopen.com/impressum/">Impressum</a><br /> <a href="http://about.scienceopen.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/ScienceOpen_TermsConditions_2018.pdf">Terms</a><br /> <a href="http://about.scienceopen.com/privacy-policy/" class="so-cookie-policy">Privacy Policy</a><br /> <a class="so-change-cookie-consent so-n"></a> </p> </div> </div><div class="so-col so--a-24 so--c-16"> <address> <div class="so-col-row so--no-padding"> <div class="so-col so--a-24 so-m-b-20"> <p class="so-m-t-10"> <strong>ScienceOpen, Inc.</strong><br /> <a class="so-e">info<span class="so-n">o83ooc</span>@<span class="so-n">o83ons</span>scienceopen.com</a> </p> </div> <div class="so-col so--c-12 so-m-b-20"> <p> <strong>Online services</strong> </p> <p> <strong>Boston</strong> </p> <p> 131 Hartwell Ave., Suite 210<br /> Lexington, MA 02421<br /> USA </p> <p> Phone: +1 781-222-5200 </p> </div><div class="so-col so--c-12 so-m-b-20"> <p> <strong>Publisher</strong> </p> <p> <strong>Berlin</strong> </p> <p> Pappelallee 78/79<br /> 10437 Berlin<br /> Germany </p> <p> Phone: +49-30-609-8490-277 </p> </div> </div> </address> </div> </div> </div> <div class="so-main-footer-bottom"> <div class="so-container"> <div class="so-col so--a-24 so-floats"> <div class="so-floats-start"> <p>© 2024 ScienceOpen – All rights reserved.</p> </div> <div class="so-floats-end"> <p class="so-b3-container so--0"> <a href="https://twitter.com/Science_Open" target="_blank" class="so-b3 so--footer so--no-bg so--borderless so--short"> <span class="so-icon so--twitter"></span> <span class="so-sr">ScienceOpen on Twitter</span> </a><br class="so-n" /><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/ScienceOpen" target="_blank" class="so-b3 so--footer so--no-bg so--borderless so--short"> <span class="so-icon so--youtube"></span> <span class="so-sr">ScienceOpen on YouTube</span> </a><br class="so-n" /><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/scienceopen-inc-" target="_blank" class="so-b3 so--footer so--no-bg so--borderless so--short"> <span class="so-icon so--linkedin"></span> <span class="so-sr">ScienceOpen on LinkedIn</span> </a><br class="so-n" /><a href="https://www.facebook.com/scienceopen" target="_blank" class="so-b3 so--footer so--no-bg so--borderless so--short"> <span class="so-icon so--facebook"></span> <span class="so-sr">ScienceOpen on Facebook</span> </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(i, s, o, g, r, a, m) { i['GoogleAnalyticsObject'] = r; i[r] = i[r] || function() { (i[r].q = i[r].q || []).push(arguments) }, i[r].l = 1 * new Date(); a = s.createElement(o), m = s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0]; a.async = 1; a.src = g; m.parentNode.insertBefore(a, m) })(window, document, 'script', '//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js', 'ga'); ga('create', 'UA-40183479-1', 'about.scienceopen.com', { 'storage': /\bcookiesAccepted\s*=\s*3\b/.test(document.cookie) ? undefined : 'none', 'cookieDomain': 'none', 'userId': "not-logged-in" }); ga('require', 'displayfeatures'); ga('set', 'title', "ScienceOpen About"); ga('set', 'page', '' + window.location.pathname + window.location.search); ga('set', 'dimension1', "-"); ga('set', 'dimension2', ""); ga('send', 'pageview'); var disciplinesStr = ""; if (disciplinesStr.length > 0) { var disciplines = disciplinesStr.split(';'); for (var i = 0; i < disciplines.length; i++) { ga('send', 'event', 'customview', 'discipline', disciplines[i], 1, { 'dimension1': "-" }); } } </script> </body> </html>