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href="//cy.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anifail"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.cy"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Ffrwd Atom Wicipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Anifail rootpage-Anifail skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Neidio i'r cynnwys</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prif ddewislen" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Prif ddewislen </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Prif ddewislen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Panel llywio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hafan" title="Ymweld â'r Hafan [z]" accesskey="z">Hafan</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Porth_y_Gymuned" title="Pethau i'w gwneud, adnoddau a thudalennau'r gymuned">Porth y Gymuned</a></li><li id="n-cafe" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Y_Caffi">Y Caffi</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categori:Materion_cyfoes" title="Gwybodaeth yn gysylltiedig â materion cyfoes">Materion cyfoes</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChanges" title="Rhestr y newidiadau diweddar ar y wici. [r]" accesskey="r">Newidiadau diweddar</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Random" title="Llwytho tudalen ar hap [x]" accesskey="x">Erthygl ar hap</a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Cymorth" title="Tudalennau cymorth">Cymorth</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hafan" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wicipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cy.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cy.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Chwilio </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Chwilio Wicipedia" aria-label="Chwilio Wicipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Arbennig:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Chwilio</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Offer personol"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Newidiwch ymddangosiad maint ffont, lled a lliw y dudalen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gwedd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Gwedd </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy" class="">Rhoi</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Anifail" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol" class="">Creu cyfrif</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Anifail" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Mewngofnodi</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Offer personol" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Offer personol </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dewislen defnyddiwr" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy">Rhoi</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Anifail" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol"> Creu cyfrif</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Anifail" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o"> Mewngofnodi</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tudalennau ar gyfer golygyddion allgofnodedig <a href="/wiki/Cymorth:Cyflwyniad" aria-label="Dysgu mwy am olygu">dysgu mwy</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyContributions" title="Rhestr golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [y]" accesskey="y">Cyfraniadau</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyTalk" title="Sgwrs ynglŷn â golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [n]" accesskey="n">Sgwrs</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cynnwys" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cynnwys</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Y dechrau</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geirdarddiad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geirdarddiad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Geirdarddiad </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geirdarddiad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nodweddion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nodweddion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Nodweddion </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nodweddion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toglo is-adran Nodweddion </button> <ul id="toc-Nodweddion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Strwythur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strwythur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Strwythur </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strwythur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atgynhyrchu_a_datblygu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atgynhyrchu_a_datblygu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Atgynhyrchu a datblygu </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atgynhyrchu_a_datblygu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecoleg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecoleg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Ecoleg </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecoleg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amrywiaeth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amrywiaeth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Amrywiaeth </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Amrywiaeth-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toglo is-adran Amrywiaeth </button> <ul id="toc-Amrywiaeth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maint" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maint"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Maint </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maint-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niferoedd_a_chynefinoedd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niferoedd_a_chynefinoedd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Niferoedd a chynefinoedd </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niferoedd_a_chynefinoedd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tarddiad_esblygiadol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarddiad_esblygiadol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Tarddiad esblygiadol </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tarddiad_esblygiadol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ffylogeni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ffylogeni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Ffylogeni </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ffylogeni-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toglo is-adran Ffylogeni </button> <ul id="toc-Ffylogeni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anifeiliaid_nad_ydynt_yn_ddwyochrog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anifeiliaid_nad_ydynt_yn_ddwyochrog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Anifeiliaid nad ydynt yn ddwyochrog </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anifeiliaid_nad_ydynt_yn_ddwyochrog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dwyochredd_(Bilateria)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dwyochredd_(Bilateria)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Dwyochredd (Bilateria) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dwyochredd_(Bilateria)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyfeiriadau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyfeiriadau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Cyfeiriadau </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyfeiriadau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dolenni_allanol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolenni_allanol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Dolenni allanol </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolenni_allanol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cynnwys" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toglo'r tabl cynnwys" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toglo'r tabl cynnwys </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Anifail</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ewch i erthygl mewn iaith arall. Ar gael mewn 248 iaith" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-248" aria-hidden="true" > 248 iaith </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meulatang" title="Meulatang - Acehneg" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Meulatang" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dan sylw"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dier" title="Dier - Affricaneg" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dier" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Affricaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiere" title="Tiere - Almaeneg y Swistir" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tiere" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg y Swistir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B5%E1%88%B3" title="እንስሳ - Amhareg" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እንስሳ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia - Aragoneg" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deor" title="Deor - Hen Saesneg" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Deor" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Hen Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81" title="पशु - Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पशु" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حيوان - Arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حيوان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9A%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܚܝܘܬܐ - Aramaeg" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܚܝܘܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حيوان - Arabeg Moroco" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="حيوان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arabeg Moroco" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حيوان - Arabeg yr Aifft" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حيوان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arabeg yr Aifft" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="প্ৰাণী - Asameg" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="প্ৰাণী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Asameg" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia - Astwrianeg" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Astwrianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awesis" title="Awesis - Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Awesis" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81" title="पशु - Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पशु" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uywa" title="Uywa - Aymareg" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Uywa" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyvanlar" title="Heyvanlar - Aserbaijaneg" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Heyvanlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaijaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حئیوان - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حئیوان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хайуандар - Bashcorteg" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хайуандар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashcorteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buron" title="Buron - Balïeg" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Buron" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balïeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viecha" title="Viecha - Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Viecha" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%ABv%C4%93" title="Gīvē - Samogiteg" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gīvē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogiteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayop" title="Hayop - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hayop" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Жывёлы - Belarwseg" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жывёлы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Жывёлы - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жывёлы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9wan" title="Héwan - Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Héwan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Животни - Bwlgareg" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Животни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bwlgareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="जानवर - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जानवर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animol" title="Animol - Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Animol" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagan" title="Bagan - Bambareg" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Bagan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="প্রাণী - Bengaleg" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রাণী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B" title="སྲོག་ཆགས་ - Tibeteg" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྲོག་ཆགས་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibeteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loen" title="Loen - Llydaweg" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Loen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Llydaweg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivotinje" title="Životinje - Bosnieg" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Životinje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амитан - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Амитан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animals" title="Animals - Catalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Animals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B4ng-%C5%ADk" title="Dông-ŭk - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dông-ŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Дийнаташ - Tsietsieneg" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дийнаташ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsietsieneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mananap" title="Mananap - Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mananap" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%9D%E1%8E%A2" title="ᎦᏂᏝᎢ - Tsierocî" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏂᏝᎢ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Tsierocî" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hova" title="Hova - Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Hova" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1" title="گیانلەبەر - Cwrdeg Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گیانلەبەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animale" title="Animale - Corseg" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Animale" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%B1%E1%93%AF%E1%90%A2%E1%91%AD%E1%90%A4" title="ᐱᓯᐢᑭᐤ - Cri" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="ᐱᓯᐢᑭᐤ" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="Cri" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivo%C4%8Dichov%C3%A9" title="Živočichové - Tsieceg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Živočichové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsieceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%C4%95%D1%80%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Чĕрчунсем - Tshwfasheg" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чĕрчунсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tshwfasheg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyr" title="Dyr - Daneg" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dyr" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Daneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tier" title="Tier - Almaeneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heywan" title="Heywan - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Heywan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="प्राणी - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="प्राणी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%93" title="སེམས་ཅན - Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="སེམས་ཅན" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A3" title="Lã - Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Lã" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CF%8E%CE%BF" title="Ζώο - Groeg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζώο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Groeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal - Saesneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestoj" title="Bestoj - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bestoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia - Sbaeneg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loomad" title="Loomad - Estoneg" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Loomad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia - Basgeg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia - Extremadureg" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremadureg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جانوران - Perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جانوران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C3%A4imet" title="Eläimet - Ffinneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eläimet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Ffinneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C3%A4j%C3%A4q" title="Eläjäq - Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Eläjäq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manumanu" title="Manumanu - Ffijïeg" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Manumanu" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Ffijïeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BDr" title="Dýr - Ffaröeg" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Dýr" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Ffaröeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal - Ffrangeg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Ffrangeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9tye" title="Bétye - Arpitaneg" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bétye" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarten" title="Diarten - Ffriseg Gogleddol" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Diarten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg Gogleddol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieren" title="Dieren - Ffriseg y Gorllewin" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dieren" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg y Gorllewin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia - Gwyddeleg" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Gwyddeleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E7%89%B2" title="頭牲 - Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="頭牲" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zannimo" title="Zannimo - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Zannimo" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beathach" title="Beathach - Gaeleg yr Alban" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Beathach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaeleg yr Alban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animais" title="Animais - Galisieg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Animais" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mymba" title="Mymba - Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mymba" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃 - Gotheg" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotheg" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A3%E0%AB%80" title="પ્રાણી - Gwjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પ્રાણી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gwjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCr%C3%BCtkana" title="Mürütkana - Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Mürütkana" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wayuunaiki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanlin" title="Kanlin - Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Kanlin" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gungbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baagh" title="Baagh - Manaweg" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Baagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manaweg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabba" title="Dabba - Hawsa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Dabba" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hawsa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thung-vu%CC%8Dt" title="Thung-vu̍t - Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thung-vu̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="בעלי חיים - Hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בעלי חיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="प्राणी - Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्राणी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia - Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivotinje" title="Životinje - Croateg" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Životinje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zannimo" title="Zannimo - Creol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Zannimo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81llatok" title="Állatok - Hwngareg" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Állatok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hwngareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կենդանիներ - Armeneg" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կենդանիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal - Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelu" title="Jelu - Ibaneg" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jelu" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Ibaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan - Indoneseg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hewan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal - Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal - Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C4%A1run" title="Niġrun - Inwpiaceg" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Niġrun" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inwpiaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayup" title="Ayup - Ilocaneg" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ayup" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ilocaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Дийнаташ - Ingwsieg" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дийнаташ" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingwsieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalo" title="Animalo - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Animalo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BDr" title="Dýr - Islandeg" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dýr" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia - Eidaleg" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Eidaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%82%E1%95%90%E1%94%AA%E1%91%A6" title="ᓂᕐᔪᑦ - Inwctitwt" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓂᕐᔪᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inwctitwt" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="動物 - Japaneeg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="動物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal - Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/danlu" title="danlu - Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="danlu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sato_k%C3%A9wan" title="Sato kéwan - Jafanaeg" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sato kéwan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jafanaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ცხოველები - Georgeg" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცხოველები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haywanlar" title="Haywanlar - Cara-Calpaceg" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Haywanlar" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Cara-Calpaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C9%A3ersiw" title="Aɣersiw - Cabileg" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aɣersiw" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Cabileg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kp%C9%A9n%C9%9B" title="Kpɩnɛ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kpɩnɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyam" title="Nyam - Tyapeg" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Nyam" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyapeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibulu" title="Kibulu - Congo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kibulu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Congo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жануарлар - Casacheg" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жануарлар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Casacheg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF" title="ಪ್ರಾಣಿ - Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ರಾಣಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="동물 - Coreeg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Пода - Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Пода" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="جانوَر - Cashmireg" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جانوَر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Cashmireg" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dier" title="Dier - Cwleneg" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Dier" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Cwleneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heywan" title="Heywan - Cwrdeg" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Heywan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyval" title="Enyval - Cernyweg" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Enyval" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cernyweg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жаныбар - Cirgiseg" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жаныбар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Cirgiseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia - Lladin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Lladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal - Iddew-Sbaeneg" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Iddew-Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9ierer%C3%A4ich" title="Déiereräich - Lwcsembwrgeg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Déiereräich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lwcsembwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%8F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хӏайван - Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Хӏайван" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гьайванар - Lezgheg" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Гьайванар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgheg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bieste" title="Bieste - Limbwrgeg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bieste" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limbwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia - Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tier" title="Tier - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Tier" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestia" title="Bestia - Lombardeg" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bestia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyama" title="Nyama - Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nyama" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94" title="ສັດ - Laoeg" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສັດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laoeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyv%C5%ABnai" title="Gyvūnai - Lithwaneg" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gyvūnai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithwaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzeivin%C4%ABki" title="Dzeivinīki - Latgaleg" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Dzeivinīki" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz%C4%ABvnieki" title="Dzīvnieki - Latfieg" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzīvnieki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latfieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81" title="पशु - Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पशु" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kewan" title="Kewan - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kewan" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biby" title="Biby - Malagaseg" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Biby" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagaseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Янлык - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Янлык" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binatang" title="Binatang - Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Binatang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Животни - Macedoneg" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Животни" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81" title="ജന്തു - Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജന്തു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амьтан - Mongoleg" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Амьтан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="प्राणी - Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्राणी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binatang" title="Binatang - Maleieg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Binatang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annimal" title="Annimal - Malteg" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Annimal" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal - Mirandeg" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB" title="သတ္တဝါ - Byrmaneg" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သတ္တဝါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Byrmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ракшат - Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ракшат" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="حیوون - Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="حیوون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animale" title="Animale - Naplieg" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Animale" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Naplieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deerter" title="Deerter - Almaeneg Isel" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Deerter" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg Isel" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieren" title="Dieren - Sacsoneg Isel" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Dieren" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Sacsoneg Isel" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="जनावर - Nepaleg" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जनावर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81" title="पशु - Newaeg" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पशु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieren_(biologie)" title="Dieren (biologie) - Iseldireg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dieren (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Iseldireg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyr" title="Dyr - Norwyeg Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyr" title="Dyr - Norwyeg Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia - Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anim%C3%A2" title="Animâ - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Animâ" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naaldeehii" title="Naaldeehii - Nafaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Naaldeehii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Nafaho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia - Ocsitaneg" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ocsitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bineelda" title="Bineelda - Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Bineelda" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%80" title="ପ୍ରାଣୀ - Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପ୍ରାଣୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%C3%A6%D1%80%C3%A6%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Цæрæгойтæ - Oseteg" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цæрæгойтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Oseteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%82" title="ਜੰਤੂ - Pwnjabeg" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੰਤੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pwnjabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal - Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedier" title="Gedier - Almaeneg Pensylfania" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Gedier" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg Pensylfania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwierz%C4%99ta" title="Zwierzęta - Pwyleg" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zwierzęta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pwyleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia - Piedmonteg" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmonteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1" title="جانور - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جانور" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%8A" title="ژوي - Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ژوي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia - Portiwgaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portiwgaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uywa" title="Uywa - Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uywa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animals" title="Animals - Románsh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Animals" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Románsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasho" title="Vasho - Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Vasho" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnul_Animalia" title="Regnul Animalia - Rwmaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Regnul Animalia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rwmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalu" title="Animalu - Aromaneg" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Animalu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum_Animalia" title="Regnum Animalia - Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Regnum Animalia" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Животные - Rwseg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Животные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Быдла - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Быдла" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inyamaswa" title="Inyamaswa - Ciniarŵandeg" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Inyamaswa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Ciniarŵandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%83" title="जन्तवः - Sansgrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जन्तवः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sansgrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Харамай - Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Харамай" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱡᱤᱣᱟᱹᱞᱤ - Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱤᱣᱟᱹᱞᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia - Sardeg" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Animalia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armali" title="Armali - Sisileg" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Armali" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisileg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animals" title="Animals - Sgoteg" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Animals" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Sgoteg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حيوان - Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="حيوان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivotinje" title="Životinje - Serbo-Croateg" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Životinje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amudr" title="Amudr - Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Amudr" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BB%E1%80%9D%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="သတ်းၻဝႃႇ - Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="သတ်းၻဝႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94" title="සත්තු - Sinhaleg" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සත්තු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal" title="Animal - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Animal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivo%C4%8D%C3%ADchy" title="Živočíchy - Slofaceg" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Živočíchy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slofaceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivali" title="Živali - Slofeneg" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Živali" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slofeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elleekodde" title="Elleekodde - Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Elleekodde" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mhuka" title="Mhuka - Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mhuka" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xayawaan" title="Xayawaan - Somaleg" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Xayawaan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafsh%C3%ABt" title="Kafshët - Albaneg" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kafshët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Животиње - Serbeg" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Животиње" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meti" title="Meti - Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Meti" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dierte" title="Dierte - Ffriseg Saterland" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Dierte" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg Saterland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sato" title="Sato - Swndaneg" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sato" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Swndaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djur" title="Djur - Swedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Djur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnyama" title="Mnyama - Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mnyama" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwiyrzynta" title="Zwiyrzynta - Silesieg" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Zwiyrzynta" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesieg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/aadupen" title="aadupen - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="aadupen" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="விலங்கு - Tamileg" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விலங்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamileg" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/qsinu" title="qsinu - Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="qsinu" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81" title="జంతువు - Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జంతువు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷонварон - Tajiceg" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷонварон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajiceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C" title="สัตว์ - Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สัตว์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B5%E1%88%B3" title="እንስሳ - Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="እንስሳ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C3%BDwanlar" title="Haýwanlar - Tyrcmeneg" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Haýwanlar" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Tyrcmeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayop" title="Hayop - Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hayop" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99jvonon" title="Həjvonon - Talysheg" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Həjvonon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysheg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monumanu" title="Monumanu - Tongeg" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Monumanu" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abus" title="Abus - Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Abus" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayvan" title="Hayvan - Tyrceg" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hayvan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiharhi" title="Swiharhi - Tsongaeg" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Swiharhi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsongaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хайваннар - Tatareg" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хайваннар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatareg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyama" title="Vinyama - Twmbwca" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Vinyama" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Twmbwca" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmoa" title="Mmoa - Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Mmoa" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%8A%DB%8B%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ھايۋانات - Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھايۋانات" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Тварини - Wcreineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тварини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Wcreineg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حیوانات - Wrdw" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حیوانات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Wrdw" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayvonlar" title="Hayvonlar - Wsbeceg" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hayvonlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Wsbeceg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phukha" title="Phukha - Fendeg" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Phukha" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Fendeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tshivenda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivatad" title="Živatad - Feps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Živatad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Feps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt" title="Động vật - Fietnameg" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Động vật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Fietnameg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AAesten_(ryk)" title="Bêesten (ryk) - Fflemeg Gorllewinol" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Bêesten (ryk)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Fflemeg Gorllewinol" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nim" title="Nim - Folapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Nim" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Folapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biesse" title="Biesse - Walwneg" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Biesse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walwneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayop" title="Hayop - Winarayeg" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hayop" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Winarayeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rab" title="Rab - Woloff" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Rab" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Woloff" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="動物 - Wu Tsieineaidd" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="動物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tsieineaidd" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isilwanyana" title="Isilwanyana - Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Isilwanyana" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ჩხოლარეფი - Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩხოლარეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="בעלי חיים - Iddew-Almaeneg" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בעלי חיים" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Iddew-Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8ranko" title="Ẹranko - Iorwba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹranko" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Iorwba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doenghduz" title="Doenghduz - Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Doenghduz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be%C3%AAsten" title="Beêsten - Zêlandeg" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Beêsten" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zêlandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%94" title="ⴰⵎⵓⴷⵔ - Tamaseit Moroco Safonol" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵎⵓⴷⵔ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamaseit Moroco Safonol" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="erthygl dda"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="动物 - Tsieinëeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="动物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tsieinëeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="動物 - Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="動物" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dng-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Tōng-bu̍t - Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tōng-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="動物 - Cantoneeg" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="動物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantoneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izilwane" title="Izilwane - Swlw" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Izilwane" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Swlw" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q729#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Golygu dolenni rhyngwici" class="wbc-editpage">Golygu dolenni</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Parthau"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Anifail" title="Gweld y dudalen bwnc [c]" accesskey="c">Erthygl</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sgwrs:Anifail&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Sgwrsio am y dudalen (dim tudalen ar gael) [t]" accesskey="t">Sgwrs</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Newid amrywiad iaith" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Cymraeg </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Golygon"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Anifail">Darllen</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&veaction=edit" title="Golygu'r dudalen hon [v]" accesskey="v">Golygu</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&action=edit" title="Golygu cod ffynhonnell y dudalen hon [e]" accesskey="e">Golygu cod</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&action=history" title="Fersiynau cynt o'r dudalen hon. 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data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Blwch offer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gweithredoedd </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChangesLinked/Anifail" rel="nofollow" title="Newidiadau diweddar i dudalennau sydd yn cysylltu â hon [k]" accesskey="k">Newidiadau perthnasol</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:SpecialPages" title="Rhestr o'r holl dudalennau arbennig [q]" accesskey="q">Tudalennau arbennig</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&oldid=12852053" title="Dolen barhaol i'r fersiwn hwn y dudalen hon">Dolen barhaol</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&action=info" title="Mwy o wybodaeth am y dudalen hon">Gwybodaeth am y dudalen</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CiteThisPage&page=Anifail&id=12852053&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Gwybodaeth ar sut i gyfeirio at y dudalen hon">Cyfeirio at y dudalen hon</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAnifail">Cael URL byr</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAnifail">Lawrlwytho cod QR</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Argraffu / allforio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Anifail">Llunio llyfr</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:DownloadAsPdf&page=Anifail&action=show-download-screen">Lawrlwytho fel PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&printable=yes" title="Cynhyrchwch 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Offer tudalen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gwedd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Oddi ar Wicipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cy" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><caption>Anifail</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Animal_diversity_October_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Animal_diversity_October_2007.jpg/220px-Animal_diversity_October_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Animal_diversity_October_2007.jpg/330px-Animal_diversity_October_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Animal_diversity_October_2007.jpg/440px-Animal_diversity_October_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1200" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Enghraifft o'r canlynol</th><td><a href="/wiki/Tacson" title="Tacson">tacson</a>, first-order class <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729?uselang=cy#P31" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Math</th><td>heterotroph <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729?uselang=cy#P279" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Safle tacson</th><td><a href="/wiki/Teyrnas_(bioleg)" title="Teyrnas (bioleg)">teyrnas</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729?uselang=cy#P105" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Rhiant dacson</th><td>Apoikozoa <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729?uselang=cy#P171" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Dechreuwyd</th><td>Mileniwm 666. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cy:Cyn_Crist" class="extiw" title="w:cy:Cyn Crist">CC</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729?uselang=cy#P580" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><img alt="Tudalen Comin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Animalia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Animalia">Ffeiliau perthnasol ar Gomin Wicimedia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: pink">Anifeiliaid </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: pink"><a href="/wiki/Dosbarthiad_gwyddonol" title="Dosbarthiad gwyddonol">Dosbarthiad gwyddonol</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Parth: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Teyrnas: </td> <td>Animalia <a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" title="Carolus Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, 1758 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: pink"><a href="/wiki/Ffylwm" title="Ffylwm">Ffyla</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> Is-deyrnas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parazoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parazoa (dim tudalen ar gael)">Parazoa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porifera" class="mw-redirect" title="Porifera">Porifera</a> (sbyngau)</li></ul> Is-deyrnas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eumetazoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eumetazoa (dim tudalen ar gael)">Eumetazoa</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Placozoa (dim tudalen ar gael)">Placozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiata (dim tudalen ar gael)">Radiata</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</a> (slefrod môr, cwrelau, ayyb.)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ctenophora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ctenophora (dim tudalen ar gael)">Ctenophora</a> (slefrod cribog)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilateria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilateria (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bilateria</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthonectida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orthonectida (dim tudalen ar gael)">Orthonectida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhombozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhombozoa (dim tudalen ar gael)">Rhombozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acoelomorpha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acoelomorpha (dim tudalen ar gael)">Acoelomorpha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaetognatha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaetognatha (dim tudalen ar gael)">Chaetognatha</a> (saethlyngyr)</li> <li>Uwchffylwm <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deuterostome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deuterostome (dim tudalen ar gael)">Deuterostomia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chordata" class="mw-redirect" title="Chordata">Chordata</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fertebrat" title="Fertebrat">fertebratau</a> ayyb.)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemichordata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemichordata (dim tudalen ar gael)">Hemichordata</a> (mes-lyngyr)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echinodermata" class="mw-redirect" title="Echinodermata">Echinodermata</a> (sêr môr, draenogod môr, ayyb.)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenoturbellida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenoturbellida (dim tudalen ar gael)">Xenoturbellida</a></li></ul></li> <li>Uwchffylwm <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecdysozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecdysozoa (dim tudalen ar gael)">Ecdysozoa</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinorhyncha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinorhyncha (dim tudalen ar gael)">Kinorhyncha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loricifera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loricifera (dim tudalen ar gael)">Loricifera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Priapulida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Priapulida (dim tudalen ar gael)">Priapulida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nematoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nematoda">Nematoda</a> (llyngyr crynion)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nematomorpha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nematomorpha (dim tudalen ar gael)">Nematomorpha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onychophora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onychophora (dim tudalen ar gael)">Onychophora</a> (onychofforiaid)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tardigrada" class="mw-redirect" title="Tardigrada">Tardigrada</a> (eirth dŵr)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropoda">Arthropoda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pryf" title="Pryf">pryfed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cramennog" title="Cramennog">cramenogion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corryn" title="Corryn">corynnod</a> ayyb.)</li></ul></li> <li>Uwchffylwm <a href="/w/index.php?title=Platyzoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platyzoa (dim tudalen ar gael)">Platyzoa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platyhelminthes" class="mw-redirect" title="Platyhelminthes">Platyhelminthes</a> (llyngyr lledog)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gastrotricha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gastrotricha (dim tudalen ar gael)">Gastrotricha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotifera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rotifera (dim tudalen ar gael)">Rotifera</a> (rhodfilod)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthocephala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acanthocephala (dim tudalen ar gael)">Acanthocephala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnathostomulida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnathostomulida (dim tudalen ar gael)">Gnathostomulida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micrognathozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Micrognathozoa (dim tudalen ar gael)">Micrognathozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycliophora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cycliophora (dim tudalen ar gael)">Cycliophora</a></li></ul></li> <li>Uwchffylwm <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lophotrochozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lophotrochozoa (dim tudalen ar gael)">Lophotrochozoa</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sipuncula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sipuncula (dim tudalen ar gael)">Sipuncula</a> (sipwncwlidau)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nemertea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nemertea (dim tudalen ar gael)">Nemertea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoronida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phoronida (dim tudalen ar gael)">Phoronida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bryozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bryozoa (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bryozoa</a> (bryosoaid)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entoprocta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entoprocta (dim tudalen ar gael)">Entoprocta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brachiopoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brachiopoda (dim tudalen ar gael)">Brachiopoda</a> (braciopodau)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mollusca" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusca">Mollusca</a> (molysgiau)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annelida" class="mw-redirect" title="Annelida">Annelida</a> (abwydod ayyb.)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Echiura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Echiura (dim tudalen ar gael)">Echiura</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <a href="/wiki/Organeb_amlgellog" title="Organeb amlgellog">Organebau amlgellog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ewcaryot" title="Ewcaryot">ewcaryotig</a> yn y <a href="/wiki/Teyrnas_(bioleg)" title="Teyrnas (bioleg)">deyrnas fiolegol</a> Animalia yw anifeiliaid (a elwir hefyd yn wyddonol yn Metazoa). Gydag ychydig eithriadau, mae anifeiliaid yn bwyta deunydd organig, yn <a href="/wiki/Resbiradaeth_cellog" title="Resbiradaeth cellog">anadlu ocsigen</a>, yn gallu symud, atgenhedlu'n rhywiol, a mynd trwy gyfnod ontogenetig lle mae eu corff yn cynnwys sffêr gwag o <a href="/wiki/Cell_(bioleg)" title="Cell (bioleg)">gelloedd</a>, y blastula, yn ystod datblygiad embryonig. Mae dros 1.5 miliwn o <a href="/wiki/Rhywogaeth" title="Rhywogaeth">rywogaethau</a> o anifeiliaid byw wedi’u disgrifio'n wyddonol— ac mae tua miliwn ohonynt yn <a href="/wiki/Pryf" title="Pryf">bryfed—</a>, ond amcangyfrifir bod cyfanswm o dros 7 miliwn o rywogaethau o anifeiliaid. Mae hyd anifeiliaid yn amrywio o 8.5 micrometr (0.00033 mod) i 33.6 metr (110 tr). Yr astudiaeth o anifeiliaid yw <a href="/wiki/S%C5%B5oleg" class="mw-redirect" title="Sŵoleg">sŵoleg</a>. Pan yn siarad yn gyffredinol am anifeiliaid, nid yw'n cynnwys <a href="/wiki/Bod_dynol" title="Bod dynol">bodau dynol</a> yn aml, ond mewn gwirionedd mae dyn yn anifail, hefyd.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Yn ystod y <a href="/wiki/Cambriaidd" title="Cambriaidd">cyfnod Cambriaidd</a> yr ymddangosodd y <a href="/wiki/Ffylwm" title="Ffylwm">ffylwm</a> anifail, a hynny oddeutu 542 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl; gwelwn hyn yn y dystiolaeth o <a href="/wiki/Ffosil" title="Ffosil">ffosiliau</a> o'r cyfnod. Rhennir y grwp 'anifeiliaid' yn isgrwpiau, gan gynnwys: <a href="/wiki/Aderyn" title="Aderyn">adar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mamal" title="Mamal">mamaliaid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amffibiad" title="Amffibiad">amffibiaid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ymlusgiad" title="Ymlusgiad">ymlusgiaid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pysgodyn" title="Pysgodyn">pysgod</a> a <a href="/wiki/Pryf" title="Pryf">pryfaid</a>. O ran dosbarthiad, mae'r rhan fwyaf o rywogaethau o anifeiliaid yn byw mewn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilateria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilateria (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bilateria</a> (hy anifeiliaid gyda chymesured dwyochr), ac yn cynnwys y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protostomia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protostomia (dim tudalen ar gael)">protostomau</a>, sy'n cynnwys <a href="/wiki/Infertebrat" title="Infertebrat">infertebratau</a> megis <a href="/wiki/Llyngyren_gron" title="Llyngyren gron">nematodau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">arthropodau</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Molwsg" title="Molwsg">molysgiaid</a>, a'r deuterostomau, sy'n cynnwys yr <a href="/wiki/Echinoderm" title="Echinoderm">echinodermau</a> a'r <a href="/wiki/Cordog" title="Cordog">cordadau</a>, gyda'r olaf yn ffylwm o anifeiliaid sy'n cynnwys y <a href="/wiki/Fertebrat" title="Fertebrat">fertebratau</a>. Roedd ffurfiau bywyd a ddehonglir fel anifeiliaid cynnar yn bresennol ym biota Ediacaraidd y <a href="/wiki/Cyn-Gambriaidd" title="Cyn-Gambriaidd">Cyn-Gambriaidd</a> diweddar. Daeth llawer o <a href="/wiki/Ffylwm" title="Ffylwm">ffyla</a> anifeiliaid modern yn amlwg yn y <a href="/wiki/Ffosil" title="Ffosil">cofnod ffosil</a> fel rhywogaethau morol yn ystod y ffrwydrad Cambriaidd, a ddechreuodd tua 542 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl. mae 6,331 o grwpiau o <a href="/wiki/Genyn" title="Genyn">enynnau</a> sy'n gyffredin i bob anifail byw wedi'u cofnodi; gall y rhain fod wedi codi o un hynafiad cyffredin a oedd yn byw <a href="/wiki/Rhewlifiant_Cryogenaidd" title="Rhewlifiant Cryogenaidd">650 miliwn</a> o flynyddoedd <a href="/wiki/Cyn_y_presennol" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyn y presennol">cyn y presennol</a> (CP). Yn hanesyddol, dosbarthodd Aristotle anifeiliaid i'r rhai â gwaed a'r rhai heb waed. Creodd <a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" title="Carolus Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> y dosbarthiad biolegol hierarchaidd cyntaf ar gyfer anifeiliaid ym 1758 gyda'i Systema Naturae, ac ehangwyd gan <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Lamarck" title="Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck">Jean-Baptiste Lamarck</a> i 14 <a href="/wiki/Ffylwm" title="Ffylwm">ffylwm</a> erbyn 1809. Ym 1874, rhannodd <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Ernst Haeckel</a> y deyrnas anifeiliaid i'r Metasoa amlgellog (sy'n <a href="/wiki/Cyfystyr_(tacsonomeg)" title="Cyfystyr (tacsonomeg)">gyfystyr</a> bellach ag <a href="/wiki/Animalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Animalia">Animalia</a>) a'r <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protosoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protosoa (dim tudalen ar gael)">Protozoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organeb_ungellog" title="Organeb ungellog">organebau ungellog</a> nad oeddent bellach yn cael eu hystyried yn anifeiliaid. Yn y cyfnod modern, mae dosbarthiad biolegol anifeiliaid yn dibynnu ar dechnegau uwch, megis ffylogeneteg moleciwlaidd, sy'n effeithiol wrth ddangos y berthynas <a href="/wiki/Esblygiad" title="Esblygiad">esblygiadol</a> rhwng y gwahanol <a href="/wiki/Tacson" title="Tacson">tacsa</a>. Mae <a href="/wiki/Bod_dynol" title="Bod dynol">bodau dynol yn</a> defnyddio llawer iawn o rywogaethau o anifeiliaid i'w ddibenion a'i bwrpas ei hun, megis ar gyfer bwyd (gan gynnwys <a href="/wiki/Cig" title="Cig">cig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llaeth" title="Llaeth">llaeth</a>, ac wyau), ar gyfer deunyddiau (fel <a href="/wiki/Lledr" title="Lledr">lledr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sidan" title="Sidan">sidan</a> a <a href="/wiki/Gwl%C3%A2n" title="Gwlân">gwlân</a>), fel <a href="/wiki/Anifail_anwes" title="Anifail anwes">anifeiliaid anwes</a>, ac fel anifeiliaid gwaith gan gynnwys ar gyfer cludo. Defnyddiwyd cŵn i hela, yn ogystal ag adar ysglyfaethus, tra bod llawer o anifeiliaid daearol a dyfrol yn cael eu hela ar gyfer chwaraeon. Mae anifeiliaid wedi ymddangos mewn celf o'r amseroedd cynharaf ac yn cael sylw mewn mytholeg a chrefydd. Mae'r <a href="/wiki/Hwiangerdd" title="Hwiangerdd">hwiangerdd</a> Gymraeg <a href="/wiki/Pais_Dinogad" class="mw-redirect" title="Pais Dinogad">Pais Dinogad</a> yn nodi llawer o anifeiliad oedd yn cael eu hela gan dad y plentyn: <dl><dd>Peis dinogat e vreith vreith (Pais Dinogad sydd fraith, fraith,)</dd> <dd>o grwyn balaot ban wreith (O groen y <a href="/wiki/Bela" class="mw-redirect" title="Bela">bela</a> y mae'i waith)</dd></dl> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geirdarddiad">Geirdarddiad</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Golygu'r adran: Geirdarddiad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geirdarddiad">golygu cod</a>]</div> Benthyciwyd y gair Cymraeg anifail o'r Lladin animalia, o bosib yng nghyfnod y Rhufeiniaid. Daw <a href="/wiki/Animalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Animalia">animalia</a> o'r Lladin animalis, sy'n golygu 'gydag anadl' neu 'gydag enaid' hy 'bod yn fyw'.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Mae'r diffiniad biolegol yn cynnwys holl aelodau'r deyrnas Animalia. Ar lafar defnyddir y term anifail yn aml i gyfeirio at unrhyw anifail nad yw'n fod dynol.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-americanheritage_animal-8">[8]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Lascaux_painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lascaux_painting.jpg/220px-Lascaux_painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lascaux_painting.jpg/330px-Lascaux_painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lascaux_painting.jpg/440px-Lascaux_painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>Paentiad o Ogof Lascaux: gwartheg (Bos primigenius), ceffylau a cheirw</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nodweddion">Nodweddion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Golygu'r adran: Nodweddion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Nodweddion">golygu cod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Blastulation.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Blastulation.png/220px-Blastulation.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Blastulation.png/330px-Blastulation.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Blastulation.png/440px-Blastulation.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="344" /></a><figcaption> Mae anifeiliaid yn unigryw oherwydd bod pelen celloedd yr embryo cynnar (1) yn datblygu'n bêl wag neu'n blastwla (2).</figcaption></figure> Mae gan anifeiliaid sawl nodwedd sy'n eu gosod ar wahân i bethau byw eraill. Mae anifeiliaid yn <a href="/wiki/Ewcaryot" title="Ewcaryot">ewcaryotig</a> ac yn <a href="/wiki/Organeb_amlgellog" title="Organeb amlgellog">organebau amlgellog</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Avila1995-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-palaeos-10">[10]</a> Yn wahanol i blanhigion ac <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alga (dim tudalen ar gael)">algâu</a>, sy'n cynhyrchu eu maetholion eu hunain,<a href="#cite_note-AnimalCells-11">[11]</a> mae anifeiliaid yn heterotroffig,<a href="#cite_note-palaeos-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Windows-12">[12]</a> yn bwydo ar ddeunydd organig ac yn ei dreulio'n fewnol.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Gydag ychydig iawn o eithriadau, (enghraifft; Henneguya zschokkei <a href="#cite_note-CNN-20200226-14">[14]</a>) mae anifeiliaid yn <a href="/wiki/Resbiradaeth_cellog" title="Resbiradaeth cellog">resbiradu yn aerobig</a>.<a href="#cite_note-oxygen-15">[15]</a> Mae pob anifail yn symudol<a href="#cite_note-Concepts-16">[16]</a> (yn gallu symud eu cyrff yn ddigymell) yn ystod rhan neu'r cyfan o'u <a href="/wiki/Cylchred_bywyd" title="Cylchred bywyd">cylch bywyd</a>, ond mae rhai anifeiliaid, megis <a href="/wiki/Sbwng" title="Sbwng">sbyngau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cwrel" title="Cwrel">cwrelau</a>, cregyn gleision a <a href="/wiki/Gwyran" title="Gwyran">chregyn llong</a> (neu gwyran), yn dod yn ddigoes tua diwedd eu bywydau. Mae'r blastula yn gyfnod yn y datblygiad embryonig sy'n unigryw i anifeiliaid,<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> (er ei fod wedi'i golli mewn rhai) gan ganiatáu gwahaniaethu celloedd i feinweoedd ac organau arbenigol, cymhleth. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strwythur">Strwythur</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Golygu'r adran: Strwythur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Strwythur">golygu cod</a>]</div> Mae pob anifail yn cynnwys celloedd, wedi'u hamgylchynu gan fatrics allgellog (extracellular matrix) sy'n cynnwys <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collagen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collagen (dim tudalen ar gael)">colagen</a> a glycoproteinau elastig.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Yn ystod datblygiad, mae matrics allgellog anifeiliaid yn ffurfio fframwaith cymharol hyblyg lle gall celloedd symud o gwmpas ac ad-drefnu eu hunain, gan ei gwneud yn bosibl ffurfio strwythurau cymhleth. Gall y ffurfiau hyn fod o <a href="/wiki/Calchfaen" title="Calchfaen">galch</a> ee strwythurau fel cregyn, <a href="/wiki/Asgwrn" title="Asgwrn">esgyrn</a>, a sbigylau sbwng.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Mewn cyferbyniad, mae celloedd organebau amlgellog eraill (algae, planhigion a ffyngau'n bennaf) yn cael eu dal yn eu lle gan gellfuriau, ac felly'n dibynnu ar dyfiant cynyddol.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Mae celloedd anifeiliaid yn unigryw ac yn meddu ar y cyffyrdd cell (cell junctions) elwir yn gyffyrdd tynn, cyffyrdd bwlch, a desmosomau.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Gydag ychydig iawn o eithriadau - yn arbennig, y sbyngau a'r placozoans - mae cyrff anifeiliaid yn gymysgedd o wahanol <a href="/wiki/Meinwe" title="Meinwe">feinweoedd</a>,<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> gan gynnwys <a href="/wiki/Cyhyrau" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyhyrau">cyhyrau</a>, sy'n galluogi symudiad, a meinweoedd nerfol, sy'n trosglwyddo signalau ac yn cydlynu'r corff. Yn nodweddiadol, mae yna hefyd <a href="/wiki/Treulio_bwyd" title="Treulio bwyd">siambr dreulio</a> fewnol gyda naill ai un agoriad (yn Ctenophora, Cnidaria, a llyngyr lledog) neu ddau agoriad (yn y rhan fwyaf o bilateriaid), y ceg a'r anws.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atgynhyrchu_a_datblygu">Atgynhyrchu a datblygu</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Golygu'r adran: Atgynhyrchu a datblygu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Atgynhyrchu a datblygu">golygu cod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Odonata_copulation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Odonata_copulation.jpg/220px-Odonata_copulation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Odonata_copulation.jpg/330px-Odonata_copulation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Odonata_copulation.jpg/440px-Odonata_copulation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2117" data-file-height="1359" /></a><figcaption> Mae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atgenhedlu_rhywiol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atgenhedlu rhywiol (dim tudalen ar gael)">atgenhedlu rhywiol</a> bron yn gyffredinol mewn anifeiliaid, fel y <a href="/wiki/Gwas_neidr" title="Gwas neidr">gweision neidr</a> hyn.</figcaption></figure> Mae bron pob anifail yn defnyddio rhyw fath o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atgenhedlu_rhywiol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atgenhedlu rhywiol (dim tudalen ar gael)">atgenhedlu rhywiol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Cynhyrchant gametau haploid trwy <a href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">feiosis</a>; mae'r gametau symudol llai yn sbermatosoa a'r gametau ansymudol mwyaf yw ofa.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Mae'r rhain yn asio i ffurfio <a href="/wiki/Sygot" title="Sygot">sygotau</a>,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> sy'n datblygu trwy <a href="/wiki/Mitosis" title="Mitosis">mitosis</a> yn sffêr gwag, a elwir yn blastwla. Mewn sbyngau, mae larfa blastula yn nofio i leoliad newydd, yn glynu wrth wely'r môr, ac yn datblygu'n sbwng newydd.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Yn y rhan fwyaf o grwpiau eraill, mae'r blastula yn cael ei aildrefnu'n fwy cymhleth.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Mae'n ymweinio (o'r gair 'gwain') yn gyntaf, i ffurfio gastrwla gyda siambr dreulio a dwy haen germ ar wahân, ectoderm allanol ac endoderm mewnol.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Yn y rhan fwyaf o achosion, mae trydedd haen germ, y mesoderm, hefyd yn datblygu rhyngddynt.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Yna mae'r haenau germ hyn yn gwahaniaethu i ffurfio meinweoedd ac organau. <a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Mae achosion mynych o baru gyda pherthynas agos (yn ystod atgenhedlu rhywiol) yn gyffredinol yn arwain at iselder mewnfridio o fewn poblogaeth ac yn niweidiol.<a href="#cite_note-pmid19834483-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid3324702-33">[33]</a> Mae anifeiliaid wedi datblygu nifer o fecanweithiau ar gyfer osgoi mewnfridio agos (neu <a href="/wiki/Llosgach" title="Llosgach">llosgach</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Pusey-34">[34]</a> Mae rhai anifeiliaid yn gallu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atgenhedlu_anrhywiol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atgenhedlu anrhywiol (dim tudalen ar gael)">atgenhedlu anrhywiol</a>, sy'n aml yn arwain at glôn genetig y rhiant. Gall hyn ddigwydd trwy tmddarnio; egino, megis yn Hydra a <a href="/wiki/Cnidariad" title="Cnidariad">cnidariaid</a> eraill; neu parthenogenesis, lle cynhyrchir wyau ffrwythlon heb baru, megis mewn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pryf_glas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pryf glas (dim tudalen ar gael)">pryfed gleision</a> (affid).<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecoleg">Ecoleg</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Golygu'r adran: Ecoleg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Ecoleg">golygu cod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Ultramarine_Flycatcher_(Ficedula_superciliaris)_Naggar,_Himachal_Pradesh,_2013_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ultramarine_Flycatcher_%28Ficedula_superciliaris%29_Naggar%2C_Himachal_Pradesh%2C_2013_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Ultramarine_Flycatcher_%28Ficedula_superciliaris%29_Naggar%2C_Himachal_Pradesh%2C_2013_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ultramarine_Flycatcher_%28Ficedula_superciliaris%29_Naggar%2C_Himachal_Pradesh%2C_2013_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Ultramarine_Flycatcher_%28Ficedula_superciliaris%29_Naggar%2C_Himachal_Pradesh%2C_2013_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ultramarine_Flycatcher_%28Ficedula_superciliaris%29_Naggar%2C_Himachal_Pradesh%2C_2013_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-Ultramarine_Flycatcher_%28Ficedula_superciliaris%29_Naggar%2C_Himachal_Pradesh%2C_2013_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1383" data-file-height="1781" /></a><figcaption> Mae <a href="/wiki/Ysglyfaethwr" title="Ysglyfaethwr">ysglyfaethwyr</a>, fel y <a href="/wiki/Gwybedog_glas_aelwyn" title="Gwybedog glas aelwyn">gwybedog glas aelwyn</a> hwn (Ficedula superciliaris), yn bwydo ar anifeiliaid eraill ee pryfaid</figcaption></figure> Mae anifeiliaid yn cael eu categoreiddio i <a href="/wiki/Ecoleg" title="Ecoleg">grwpiau ecolegol</a> yn dibynnu ar sut y maent yn cael bwyd neu'n bwyta deunydd organig megis <a href="/wiki/Cigysydd" title="Cigysydd">cigysyddion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llysysydd" title="Llysysydd">llysysyddion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hollysydd" title="Hollysydd">hollysyddion</a>, detritivatores,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Arfilyn" title="Arfilyn">pharasitiaid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Mae'r rhyngweithio rhwng anifeiliaid yn ffurfio gweoedd bwyd cymhleth. Mewn rhywogaethau cigysol neu hollysol, mae ysglyfaethwr yn bwydo ar <a href="/wiki/Organeb" class="mw-redirect" title="Organeb">organeb</a> arall (a elwir yn ysglyfaeth).<a href="#cite_note-Ecology-39">[39]</a> Mae'r pwysau parhaus rhwng yr ysglyfaethwr a'i ysglyfaeth yn arwain at gystadleuaeth esblygiadol gan arwain at wahanol addasiadau yng nghyrff yr anifeiliaid hyn.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Mae bron pob ysglyfaethwr amlgellog yn anifail.<a href="#cite_note-SimpsonCB-42">[42]</a> Mae rhai defnyddwyr yn defnyddio nifer o ddulliau; er enghraifft, mewn gwenyn meirch parasitaidd, mae'r larfa'n bwydo ar feinwe byw y gwesteiwr, gan eu lladd yn y broses,<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> ond mae'r oedolion yn bwyta neithdar o flodau, yn bennaf.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Gall fod gan anifeiliaid eraill ymddygiad bwydo penodol iawn, fel <a href="/wiki/Crwban_M%C3%B4r_Gwalchbig" title="Crwban Môr Gwalchbig">crwban Môr Gwalchbig</a> sy'n bwyta <a href="/wiki/Sbwng" title="Sbwng">sbyngau</a>'n bennaf. <a href="#cite_note-ScienceSpongi-45">[45]</a> Mae'r rhan fwyaf o anifeiliaid yn dibynnu ar y biomas a'r egni a gynhyrchir gan blanhigion trwy <a href="/wiki/Ffotosynthesis" title="Ffotosynthesis">ffotosynthesis</a>. Mae <a href="/wiki/Llysysydd" title="Llysysydd">llysysyddion</a> yn bwyta deunydd planhigion yn uniongyrchol, tra bod <a href="/wiki/Cigysydd" title="Cigysydd">cigysyddion</a>, ac anifeiliaid eraill ar lefelau troffig uwch fel arfer yn ei gaffael yn anuniongyrchol trwy fwyta anifeiliaid eraill. Mae anifeiliaid yn ocsideiddio <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrad" title="Carbohydrad">carbohydradau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">lipidau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteinau</a>, a biomoleciwlau eraill i ddatgloi egni cemegol ocsigen moleciwlaidd,<a href="#cite_note-Schmidt-Rohr_2020-46">[46]</a> sy'n caniatáu i'r anifail dyfu a chynnal prosesau biolegol megis <a href="/wiki/Ymsymudiad" title="Ymsymudiad">ymsymudiad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Mae anifeiliaid sy'n byw yn agos at fentiau hydrothermol a diferion oer ar wely'r môr tywyll yn bwyta deunydd organig <a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">archaea</a> a bacteria a gynhyrchir yn y lleoliadau hyn trwy chemosynthesis (trwy ocsideiddio cyfansoddion anorganig, fel hydrogen sylffid).<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Esblygodd anifeiliaid yn y môr yn wreiddiol. Cytrefodd llinachau o arthropodau'r tir tua'r un adeg â phlanhigion tir, yn ôl pob tebyg rhwng 510 a 471 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl (<a href="/wiki/CP" title="CP">CP</a>) yn ystod y Cyfnod Cambriaidd Diweddar neu'r <a href="/wiki/Ordofigaidd" title="Ordofigaidd">Ordofigaidd Cynnar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rota-Stabelli2013-51">[51]</a> Dechreuodd <a href="/wiki/Fertebrat" title="Fertebrat">fertebratau</a> fel y pysgodyn asgellog Tiktaalik symud i'r tir yn y <a href="/wiki/Defonaidd" title="Defonaidd">Defonaidd hwyr</a>, tua 375 miliwn CP.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Mae anifeiliaid, bellach, wedi meddiannu bron pob un o <a href="/wiki/Cynefin" title="Cynefin">gynefinoedd</a> a microgynefinoedd y ddaear, gan gynnwys dŵr hallt, fentiau hydrothermol, dŵr croyw, ffynhonnau poeth, corsydd, coedwigoedd, porfeydd, anialwch, aer, a thu mewn i anifeiliaid, planhigion, ffyngau a chreigiau.<a href="#cite_note-Margulis-54">[54]</a> Fodd bynnag, nid yw anifeiliaid yn gallu goddef gwres yn arbennig o dda; ychydig iawn ohonynt sy'n gallu goroesi ar dymheredd cyson uwchlaw 50 °C (122 °F).<a href="#cite_note-Clarke2014-55">[55]</a> Ac ar ochr arall y geiniog, dim ond ychydig iawn o rywogaethau o anifeiliaid (<a href="/wiki/Llyngyren_gron" title="Llyngyren gron">nematodau</a>'n bennaf) all fyw yn niffeithdiroedd oer mwyaf eithafol <a href="/wiki/Yr_Antarctig" title="Yr Antarctig">Antarctica</a> cyfandirol.<a href="#cite_note-bas-land-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amrywiaeth">Amrywiaeth</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Golygu'r adran: Amrywiaeth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Amrywiaeth">golygu cod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:BlueWhaleWithCalf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/BlueWhaleWithCalf.jpg/300px-BlueWhaleWithCalf.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/BlueWhaleWithCalf.jpg/450px-BlueWhaleWithCalf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/BlueWhaleWithCalf.jpg/600px-BlueWhaleWithCalf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2973" data-file-height="1977" /></a><figcaption>Y <a href="/wiki/Morfil_Glas" title="Morfil Glas">morfil glas</a> yw'r anifail mwyaf sydd erioed wedi byw; yma gwelir mam a'i phlentyn.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maint">Maint</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Golygu'r adran: Maint" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Maint">golygu cod</a>]</div> Y <a href="/wiki/Morfil_Glas" title="Morfil Glas">morfil glas</a> (Balaenoptera musculus) yw'r anifail mwyaf sydd erioed wedi byw, gan bwyso hyd at 190 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunnell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunnell (dim tudalen ar gael)">tunnell</a> ac yn mesur hyd at 33.6 metr (110 tr) o hyd. Yr anifail tir mwyaf sy'n bodoli yw'r eliffant llwyni, Affricanaidd (Loxodonta africana), sy'n pwyso hyd at 12.25 tunnell<a href="#cite_note-Wood-57">[57]</a> ac yn mesur hyd at 10.7 metr (35 tr) o hyd.<a href="#cite_note-Wood-57">[57]</a> Yr anifeiliaid daearol mwyaf a fu byw erioed oedd y deinosoriaid sauropod titanosaur fel yr <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argentinosaurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argentinosaurus (dim tudalen ar gael)">Argentinosaurus</a>, a allai fod wedi pwyso cymaint â 73 tunnell.<a href="#cite_note-Mazzettaetal2004-58">[58]</a> Mae sawl anifail yn feicrosgopig; nid yw rhai Myxozoa (parasitiaid gorfodol o fewn y Cnidaria) byth yn tyfu'n fwy nag 20 <a href="/wiki/Micrometr" title="Micrometr">µm</a>,<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> ac nid yw'r Myxobolus shekel yn fwy na 8.5 µm pan fydd wedi tyfu'n llawn.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Niferoedd_a_chynefinoedd">Niferoedd a chynefinoedd</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Golygu'r adran: Niferoedd a chynefinoedd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Niferoedd a chynefinoedd">golygu cod</a>]</div> Mae’r tabl a ganlyn yn rhestru amcangyfrif o’r niferoedd o rywogaethau sy’n bodoli ar gyfer y grwpiau anifeiliaid sydd â’r niferoedd mwyaf o rywogaethau,<a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-61">[61]</a> ynghyd â’u prif gynefinoedd (daearol, dŵr croyw, <a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-62">[62]</a> a morol),<a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-63">[63]</a> a byw’n rhydd neu ffyrdd parasitig o fyw.<a href="#cite_note-Poulin2007-64">[64]</a> Mae'r amcangyfrifon o rywogaethau a ddangosir yma yn seiliedig ar niferoedd a ddisgrifir yn wyddonol; mae amcangyfrifon llawer mwy wedi'u cyfrifo yn seiliedig ar wahanol ddulliau o ragfynegi, a gall y rhain amrywio'n fawr. Er enghraifft, disgrifiwyd tua 25,000–27,000 o rywogaethau o nematodau, tra bod amcangyfrifon cyhoeddedig o gyfanswm nifer y rhywogaethau nematodau yn cynnwys 10,000–20,000; 500,000; 10 miliwn; a 100 miliwn.<a href="#cite_note-Felder2009-65">[65]</a> Gan ddefnyddio patrymau o fewn yr hierarchaeth dacsonomig, cyfrifwyd bod cyfanswm y rhywogaethau anifeiliaid—gan gynnwys y rhai nad ydynt wedi’u disgrifio eto—tua 7.77 miliwn yn 2011.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mora2011-67">[67]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ffylwm" title="Ffylwm">Phylwm</a> </th> <th>Enghraifft </th> <th>Nifer of Rywogaethau </th> <th>Ar y Ddaear </th> <th>Yn y Môr </th> <th>Dŵr Croyw </th> <th>Byw'n Rhydd </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Arfilyn" title="Arfilyn">Parasitig</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anelid" title="Anelid">Anelidau</a> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">17,000<a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-61">[61]</a> </td> <td>Ie (pridd)<a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-63">[63]</a> </td> <td>Ie<a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-63">[63]</a> </td> <td>Ie<a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-62">[62]</a> </td> <td>Ie </td> <td>400<a href="#cite_note-Poulin2007-64">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropodau</a> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">1,257,000<a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-61">[61]</a> </td> <td>1,000,000 (pryfaid)<a href="#cite_note-Stork2018-68">[68]</a> </td> <td>>40,000 (Malac- ostraca)<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> </td> <td>94,000<a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-62">[62]</a> </td> <td>Ie<a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-63">[63]</a> </td> <td>>45,000 (heb gynnwys parasitiaid)<a href="#cite_note-Poulin2007-64">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bryozoa </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">6,000<a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-61">[61]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ie<a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-63">[63]</a> </td> <td>60–80<a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-62">[62]</a> </td> <td>Ie </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cordog" title="Cordog">Cordogau</a> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">>70,000<a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> </td> <td> 23,000<a href="#cite_note-Reaka-Kudla1996-71">[71]</a> </td> <td> 13,000<a href="#cite_note-Reaka-Kudla1996-71">[71]</a> </td> <td>18,000<a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-62">[62]</a> 9,000<a href="#cite_note-Reaka-Kudla1996-71">[71]</a> </td> <td>Ie </td> <td>40 (cat-fôr)<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Poulin2007-64">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cnidariad" title="Cnidariad">Cnidaria</a> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">16,000<a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-61">[61]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ie<a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-63">[63]</a> </td> <td>Ie (few)<a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-63">[63]</a> </td> <td>Ie<a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-63">[63]</a> </td> <td>>1,350 (Myxozoa)<a href="#cite_note-Poulin2007-64">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Echinoderm" title="Echinoderm">Echinodermau</a> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">7,500<a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-61">[61]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>7,500<a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-61">[61]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ie<a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-63">[63]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molwsg" title="Molwsg">Molysgau</a> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">85,000<a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-61">[61]</a> 107,000<a href="#cite_note-Nicol1969-73">[73]</a> </td> <td> 35,000<a href="#cite_note-Nicol1969-73">[73]</a> </td> <td> 60,000<a href="#cite_note-Nicol1969-73">[73]</a> </td> <td>5,000<a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-62">[62]</a> 12,000<a href="#cite_note-Nicol1969-73">[73]</a> </td> <td>Ie<a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-63">[63]</a> </td> <td>>5,600<a href="#cite_note-Poulin2007-64">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Llyngyren_gron" title="Llyngyren gron">Llyngyr crwn</a> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">25,000<a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-61">[61]</a> </td> <td>Ie (pridd)<a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-63">[63]</a> </td> <td>4,000<a href="#cite_note-Felder2009-65">[65]</a> </td> <td>2,000<a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-62">[62]</a> </td> <td>11,000<a href="#cite_note-Felder2009-65">[65]</a> </td> <td>14,000<a href="#cite_note-Felder2009-65">[65]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Llyngyren_ledog" title="Llyngyren ledog">Llyngyr lledog</a> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">29,500<a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-61">[61]</a> </td> <td>Ie<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> </td> <td>Ie<a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-63">[63]</a> </td> <td>1,300<a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-62">[62]</a> </td> <td>Ie<a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-63">[63]</a> 3,000–6,500<a href="#cite_note-Pandian-75">[75]</a> </td> <td>>40,000<a href="#cite_note-Poulin2007-64">[64]</a> 4,000–25,000<a href="#cite_note-Pandian-75">[75]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rhodfilod </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">2,000<a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-61">[61]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>>400<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> </td> <td>2,000<a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-62">[62]</a> </td> <td>Ie </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sbwng" title="Sbwng">Sbwng</a> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">10,800<a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-61">[61]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Ie<a href="#cite_note-Hogenboom2016-63">[63]</a> </td> <td>200-300<a href="#cite_note-Balian2008-62">[62]</a> </td> <td>Ie </td> <td>Ie<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Cyfanswm y rhywogaethau (yn 2013): 1,525,728<a href="#cite_note-Zhang2013-61">[61]</a></div> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarddiad_esblygiadol">Tarddiad esblygiadol</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Golygu'r adran: Tarddiad esblygiadol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Tarddiad esblygiadol">golygu cod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:DickinsoniaCostata.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/DickinsoniaCostata.jpg/220px-DickinsoniaCostata.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/DickinsoniaCostata.jpg/330px-DickinsoniaCostata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/DickinsoniaCostata.jpg/440px-DickinsoniaCostata.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption> Dickinsonia costata o'r biota Ediacaran (c. 635–542 miliwn o flynyddoedd <a href="/wiki/CP" title="CP">yn ôl</a>) yw un o'r rhywogaethau anifeiliaid hysbys cynharaf.<a href="#cite_note-Bobrovskiy_Hope_Ivantsov_Nettersheim_pp._1246–1249-78">[78]</a></figcaption></figure> Mae'r <a href="/wiki/Ffosil" title="Ffosil">ffosilau</a> cyntaf a allai gynrychioli anifeiliaid yn ymddangos yng nghreigiau 665-miliwn oed Ffurfiant Trezona yn <a href="/wiki/De_Awstralia" title="De Awstralia">Ne Awstralia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sbwng" title="Sbwng">Mae'n debyg mai sbyngau</a> cynnar yw'r ffosilau hyn.<a href="#cite_note-roseMaloof-79">[79]</a> Mae anifeiliaid i'w cael mor bell yn ôl â'r biota Ediacaran, tua diwedd y <a href="/wiki/Cyn-Gambriaidd" title="Cyn-Gambriaidd">Cyn-Gambriaidd</a>, ac efallai ychydig yn gynharach. Roedd amheuaeth ers tro a oedd y ffurfiau bywyd hyn yn cynnwys anifeiliaid,<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> ond mae darganfod <a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">colesterol</a> lipid anifeiliaid mewn ffosilau Dickinsonia yn cadarnhau hyn.<a href="#cite_note-Bobrovskiy_Hope_Ivantsov_Nettersheim_pp._1246–1249-78">[78]</a> Credir bod anifeiliaid wedi tarddu o dan amodau <a href="/wiki/Ocsigen" title="Ocsigen">ocsigen</a> isel, sy'n awgrymu eu bod yn gallu byw'n gyfan gwbl trwy resbiradaeth anaerobig, ond wrth iddynt arbenigo mewn metaboledd aerobig daethant yn gwbl ddibynnol ar ocsigen yn eu hamgylcheddau.<a href="#cite_note-Zimorski2019-83">[83]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:20191203_Anomalocaris_canadensis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/20191203_Anomalocaris_canadensis.png/220px-20191203_Anomalocaris_canadensis.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/20191203_Anomalocaris_canadensis.png/330px-20191203_Anomalocaris_canadensis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/20191203_Anomalocaris_canadensis.png/440px-20191203_Anomalocaris_canadensis.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption> Mae Anomalocaris canadensis yn un o'r llu o rywogaethau o anifeiliaid a esblygodd yn y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ffrwydrad_Cambriaidd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ffrwydrad Cambriaidd (dim tudalen ar gael)">ffrwydrad Cambriaidd</a>, gan ddechrau tua 542 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl, ac a ddarganfuwyd yng ngwâu ffosil y siâl Burgess.</figcaption></figure> Ymddangosodd llawer o <a href="/wiki/Ffylwm" title="Ffylwm">ffyla</a> o anifeiliaid am y tro cyntaf yn y cofnodion ffosil yn y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ffrwydrad_Cambriaidd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ffrwydrad Cambriaidd (dim tudalen ar gael)">ffrwydrad Cambriaidd</a>, gan ddechrau tua 542 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl, mewn gwelyau fel siâl Burgess. Ymhlith y ffyla sy'n bodoli yn y creigiau hyn mae <a href="/wiki/Molwsg" title="Molwsg">molysgiaid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Braciopod" title="Braciopod">braciopodau</a>, onychophorans, <a href="/wiki/Arafsymudwr" title="Arafsymudwr">Arafsymudwr</a> (y tardigrades), <a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">arthropodau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Echinoderm" title="Echinoderm">echinodermau</a> a'r hemichordatiaid, ynghyd â nifer o ffurfiau a <a href="/wiki/Difodiant" title="Difodiant">ddifodwyd</a> megis yr Anomalocaris rheibus. Fodd bynnag, gall sydynrwydd y digwyddiad fod oherwydd fod y cofnod <a href="/wiki/Ffosil" title="Ffosil">ffosil</a> yn wallus, yn hytrach na bod yr holl anifeiliaid hyn wedi ymddangos ar yr un pryd.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Ontario_Museum-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ffylogeni">Ffylogeni</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Golygu'r adran: Ffylogeni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Ffylogeni">golygu cod</a>]</div> Mae anifeiliaid yn fonoffyletig, sy'n golygu eu bod yn deillio o hynafiad cyffredin. Mae anifeiliaid yn chwaer i'r Choanoflagellata ac maent yn ffurfio'r Choanozoa.<a href="#cite_note-Budd2015-88">[88]</a> Mae gan yr anifeiliaid mwyaf sylfaenol, y <a href="/wiki/Sbwng" title="Sbwng">Porifera</a>, Ctenophora, <a href="/wiki/Cnidariad" title="Cnidariad">Cnidaria</a>, a Placozoa, gynlluniau corff sydd heb gymesuredd dwyochrog. Mae eu perthynas yn dal i fod yn destun dadl; gallai'r chwaer grŵp i bob anifail arall fod yn Porifera neu'r Ctenophora,<a href="#cite_note-Kapli_2020-89">[89]</a> sydd â diffyg genynnau hox, sy'n holl bwysig wrth ddatblygu cynllun y corff cyfan.<a href="#cite_note-Giribet_2016-90">[90]</a> Mae'r goeden ffylogenetig (o'r prif linachau yn unig) yn dynodi tua sawl miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl ( mya ) y holltodd y llinachau.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anifeiliaid_nad_ydynt_yn_ddwyochrog">Anifeiliaid nad ydynt yn ddwyochrog</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Golygu'r adran: Anifeiliaid nad ydynt yn ddwyochrog" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Anifeiliaid nad ydynt yn ddwyochrog">golygu cod</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg/220px-Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg/330px-Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg/440px-Elephant-ear-sponge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="835" data-file-height="1214" /></a><figcaption> Mae rhai nad ydynt yn ddwyochrog (o ran cymesuredd) yn cynnwys <a href="/wiki/Sbwng" title="Sbwng">sbyngau</a> (canol) a <a href="/wiki/Cwrel" title="Cwrel">chwrelau</a> (cefndir).</figcaption></figure> Mae gan nifer o anifeiliaid ddiffyg cymesuredd dwyochrog ac ymhlith y rhain, mae'n debyg bod y sbyngau (Porifera) wedi dargyfeirio gyntaf, gan gynrychioli'r ffylwm anifail hynaf.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Nid ydynt yn <a href="/wiki/Organeb_byw" title="Organeb byw">organebau</a> cymhleth, fel y rhan fwyaf o ffyla eraill;<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> ceir amrywiaeth yn y math o gelloedd, ond yn y rhan fwyaf o achosion nid ydynt wedi'u trefnu'n feinweoedd gwahanol.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Maent fel arfer yn bwydo trwy dynnu dŵr trwy fandyllau.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dwyochredd_(Bilateria)">Dwyochredd (Bilateria)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Golygu'r adran: Dwyochredd (Bilateria)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Dwyochredd (Bilateria)">golygu cod</a>]</div> Mae'r anifeiliaid sy'n weddill, y mwyafrif helaeth—yn cynnwys rhyw 29 ffyla a thros filiwn o rywogaethau—yn ffurfio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cytras (dim tudalen ar gael)">cytras</a> (clade), sef y Bilateria. Mae'r corff yn driploblastig, gyda thair haen o germ sydd wedi'u datblygu'n dda, ac mae eu meinweoedd yn ffurfio organau gwahanol. Mae gan y siambr dreulio ddau agoriad, ceg ac anws, a cheir ceudod corff mewnol, coelom neu ffug-goelom. Mae gan anifeiliaid sydd â'r cynllun dwyochrog cymesur hwn i'w corff y gallu i symud, pen blaen (anterior), a phen ôl (posterior) yn ogystal â chefn (dorsal) a bol (ventral); felly y mae ganddynt hefyd ochr dde ac ochr chwith.<a href="#cite_note-Minelli2009-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brusca2016-101">[101]</a> Mae astudiaethau genetig wedi newid dealltwriaeth sŵolegwyr yn sylweddol o'r perthnasoedd o fewn y Bilateria. Ymddengys bod y rhan fwyaf yn perthyn i ddwy brif linach, y protostomau a'r deuterostomau.<a href="#cite_note-Telford_2008_pp._457–459-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-Philippe2011-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-Perseke2007-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cannon_2016-105">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cyfeiriadau">Cyfeiriadau</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Golygu'r adran: Cyfeiriadau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">golygu</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anifail&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Cyfeiriadau">golygu cod</a>]</div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m-w.com/dictionary/animals">"Animals"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merriam-Webster%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merriam-Webster's (dim tudalen ar gael)">Merriam-Webster's</a>. Cyrchwyd 16 May 2010. <q>2 a : one of the lower animals as distinguished from human beings b : mammal; broadly : vertebrate</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Animals&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm-w.com%2Fdictionary%2Fanimals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8312344">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFCresswell2010" class="citation book">Cresswell, Julia (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary0000unse_p6k3">The Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins</a> (arg. 2nd). New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-954793-7" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-954793-7"><bdi>978-0-19-954793-7</bdi></a>. <q>'having the breath of life', from anima 'air, breath, life'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Word+Origins&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954793-7&rft.aulast=Cresswell&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxforddictionary0000unse_p6k3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726233938/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/animal">"animal"</a>. English Oxford Living Dictionaries. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/animal">gwreiddiol</a> ar 26 July 2018. Cyrchwyd 26 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=English+Oxford+Living+Dictionaries&rft.atitle=animal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fanimal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> Boly, Melanie; Seth, Anil K.; Wilke, Melanie; Ingmundson, Paul; Baars, Bernard; Laureys, Steven; Edelman, David; Tsuchiya, Naotsugu (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3814086">"Consciousness in humans and non-human animals: recent advances and future directions"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frontiers_in_Psychology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frontiers in Psychology (dim tudalen ar gael)">Frontiers in Psychology</a> 4: 625. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2013.00625">10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00625</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3814086/?tool=pmcentrez">3814086</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24198791">24198791</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3814086">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3814086</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140908/https://royalsociety.org/topics-policy/publications/2004/non-human-animals/">"The use of non-human animals in research"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Society (dim tudalen ar gael)">Royal Society</a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/topics-policy/publications/2004/non-human-animals/">gwreiddiol</a> ar 12 June 2018. Cyrchwyd 7 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Society&rft.atitle=The+use+of+non-human+animals+in+research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Ftopics-policy%2Fpublications%2F2004%2Fnon-human-animals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142932/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/nonhuman">"Nonhuman definition and meaning"</a>. Collins English Dictionary. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/nonhuman">gwreiddiol</a> ar 12 June 2018. Cyrchwyd 7 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Nonhuman+definition+and+meaning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fnonhuman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFCresswell2010" class="citation book">Cresswell, Julia (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary0000unse_p6k3">The Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins</a> (arg. 2nd). New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-954793-7" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-954793-7"><bdi>978-0-19-954793-7</bdi></a>. <q>having the breath of life', from anima 'air, breath, life.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Word+Origins&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954793-7&rft.aulast=Cresswell&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxforddictionary0000unse_p6k3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"> Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">|publisher=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Cymorth:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup" title="Cymorth:CS1 errors">help</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-americanheritage_animal-8"><a href="#cite_ref-americanheritage_animal_8-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">"Animal". The American Heritage Dictionary (arg. 4th). Houghton Mifflin Company. 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Animal&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Company&rft.date=2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Avila1995-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Avila1995_9-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFAvila1995" class="citation book">Avila, Vernon L. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B_OOazzGefEC&pg=PA767">Biology: Investigating Life on Earth</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jones_%26_Bartlett_Learning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jones & Bartlett Learning (dim tudalen ar gael)">Jones & Bartlett Learning</a>. tt. 767–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-86720-942-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-86720-942-6"><bdi>978-0-86720-942-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biology%3A+Investigating+Life+on+Earth&rft.pages=767-&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Bartlett+Learning&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-86720-942-6&rft.aulast=Avila&rft.aufirst=Vernon+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB_OOazzGefEC%26pg%3DPA767&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-palaeos-10">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-palaeos_10-0">10.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-palaeos_10-1">10.1</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180228005641/http://palaeos.com/metazoa/metazoa.html">"Palaeos:Metazoa"</a>. Palaeos. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://palaeos.com/metazoa/metazoa.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar 28 February 2018. Cyrchwyd 25 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Palaeos&rft.atitle=Palaeos%3AMetazoa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpalaeos.com%2Fmetazoa%2Fmetazoa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AnimalCells-11"><a href="#cite_ref-AnimalCells_11-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFDavidson" class="citation web">Davidson, Michael W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070920235924/http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animalcell.html">"Animal Cell Structure"</a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animalcell.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar 20 September 2007. Cyrchwyd 20 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Animal+Cell+Structure&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Michael+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmicro.magnet.fsu.edu%2Fcells%2Fanimalcell.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Windows-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Windows_12-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFBergman" class="citation web">Bergman, Jennifer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070829051950/http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link%3D/earth/Life/heterotrophs.html%26edu%3Dhigh">"Heterotrophs"</a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Life/heterotrophs.html&edu=high">gwreiddiol</a> ar 29 August 2007. Cyrchwyd 30 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heterotrophs&rft.aulast=Bergman&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.windows.ucar.edu%2Ftour%2Flink%3D%2Fearth%2FLife%2Fheterotrophs.html%26edu%3Dhigh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> Douglas, Angela E.; Raven, John A. (January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1693093">"Genomes at the interface between bacteria and organelles"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophical_Transactions_of_the_Royal_Society_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (dim tudalen ar gael)">Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B</a> 358 (1429): 5–17. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.2002.1188">10.1098/rstb.2002.1188</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1693093/?tool=pmcentrez">1693093</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12594915">12594915</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1693093">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1693093</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN-20200226-14"><a href="#cite_ref-CNN-20200226_14-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFAndrew2020" class="citation news">Andrew, Scottie (26 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/26/world/first-animal-doesnt-breathe-oxygen-scn-trnd/index.html">"Scientists discovered the first animal that doesn't need oxygen to live. It's changing the definition of what an animal can be"</a>. CNN. Cyrchwyd 2020-02-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Scientists+discovered+the+first+animal+that+doesn%27t+need+oxygen+to+live.+It%27s+changing+the+definition+of+what+an+animal+can+be&rft.date=2020-02-26&rft.aulast=Andrew&rft.aufirst=Scottie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F02%2F26%2Fworld%2Ffirst-animal-doesnt-breathe-oxygen-scn-trnd%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oxygen-15"><a href="#cite_ref-oxygen_15-0">↑</a> Mentel, Marek; Martin, William (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2859860">"Anaerobic animals from an ancient, anoxic ecological niche"</a>. BMC Biology 8: 32. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1741-7007-8-32">10.1186/1741-7007-8-32</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2859860/?tool=pmcentrez">2859860</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20370917">20370917</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2859860">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2859860</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Concepts-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Concepts_16-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFSaupe" class="citation web">Saupe, S. G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071121084100/http://employees.csbsju.edu/SSAUPE/biol116/Zoology/digestion.htm">"Concepts of Biology"</a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://employees.csbsju.edu/SSAUPE/biol116/Zoology/digestion.htm">gwreiddiol</a> ar 21 November 2007. Cyrchwyd 30 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Concepts+of+Biology&rft.aulast=Saupe&rft.aufirst=S.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Femployees.csbsju.edu%2FSSAUPE%2Fbiol116%2FZoology%2Fdigestion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFMinkoff2008" class="citation book">Minkoff, Eli C. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biology0000mink">Barron's EZ-101 Study Keys Series: Biology</a> (arg. 2nd, revised). Barron's Educational Series. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biology0000mink/page/48">48</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7641-3920-8" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7641-3920-8"><bdi>978-0-7641-3920-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barron%27s+EZ-101+Study+Keys+Series%3A+Biology&rft.pages=48&rft.edition=2nd%2C+revised&rft.pub=Barron%27s+Educational+Series&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7641-3920-8&rft.aulast=Minkoff&rft.aufirst=Eli+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiology0000mink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFAlbertsJohnsonLewisRaff2002" class="citation book">Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26810/">Molecular Biology of the Cell</a> (arg. 4th). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garland_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garland Science (dim tudalen ar gael)">Garland Science</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8153-3218-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8153-3218-3"><bdi>978-0-8153-3218-3</bdi></a>. Cyrchwyd 29 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Molecular+Biology+of+the+Cell&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Garland+Science&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8153-3218-3&rft.aulast=Alberts&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Julian&rft.au=Raff%2C+Martin&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Keith&rft.au=Walter%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK26810%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFSangwal2007" class="citation book">Sangwal, Keshra (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/additivescrystal00sang">Additives and crystallization processes: from fundamentals to applications</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wiley_and_Sons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wiley and Sons (dim tudalen ar gael)">John Wiley and Sons</a>. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/additivescrystal00sang/page/n228">212</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-470-06153-4" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-470-06153-4"><bdi>978-0-470-06153-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Additives+and+crystallization+processes%3A+from+fundamentals+to+applications&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-470-06153-4&rft.aulast=Sangwal&rft.aufirst=Keshra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fadditivescrystal00sang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFBecker1991" class="citation book">Becker, Wayne M. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldofcell00beck_0">The world of the cell</a>. Benjamin/Cummings. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8053-0870-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8053-0870-9"><bdi>978-0-8053-0870-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+world+of+the+cell&rft.pub=Benjamin%2FCummings&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-8053-0870-9&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Wayne+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldofcell00beck_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFMagloire2004" class="citation book">Magloire, Kim (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crackingapbiolog00magl/page/45">Cracking the AP Biology Exam, 2004–2005 Edition</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Princeton_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Princeton Review (dim tudalen ar gael)">The Princeton Review</a>. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crackingapbiolog00magl/page/45">45</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-375-76393-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-375-76393-9"><bdi>978-0-375-76393-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cracking+the+AP+Biology+Exam%2C+2004%E2%80%932005+Edition&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=The+Princeton+Review&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-375-76393-9&rft.aulast=Magloire&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrackingapbiolog00magl%2Fpage%2F45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFStarr2007" class="citation book">Starr, Cecie (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EXNFwB-O-WUC&pg=PA362">Biology: Concepts and Applications without Physiology</a>. Cengage Learning. tt. 362, 365. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-495-38150-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-495-38150-1"><bdi>978-0-495-38150-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biology%3A+Concepts+and+Applications+without+Physiology&rft.pages=362%2C+365&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-495-38150-1&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=Cecie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEXNFwB-O-WUC%26pg%3DPA362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFHillmerLehmann1983" class="citation book">Hillmer, Gero; Lehmann, Ulrich (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9jE4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA54">Fossil Invertebrates</a>. Translated by J. Lettau. CUP Archive. t. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-27028-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-521-27028-1"><bdi>978-0-521-27028-1</bdi></a>. Cyrchwyd 8 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fossil+Invertebrates&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-521-27028-1&rft.aulast=Hillmer&rft.aufirst=Gero&rft.au=Lehmann%2C+Ulrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9jE4AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFKnobil1998" class="citation book">Knobil, Ernst (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_f1r2/page/315">Encyclopedia of reproduction, Volume 1</a>. Academic Press. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_f1r2/page/315">315</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-12-227020-8" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-12-227020-8"><bdi>978-0-12-227020-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+reproduction%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=315&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-12-227020-8&rft.aulast=Knobil&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofre0000unse_f1r2%2Fpage%2F315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFSchwartz2010" class="citation book">Schwartz, Jill (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/petersonsmasterg0000stew_x3f1/page/371">Master the GED 2011</a>. Peterson's. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/petersonsmasterg0000stew_x3f1/page/371">371</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7689-2885-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7689-2885-3"><bdi>978-0-7689-2885-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Master+the+GED+2011&rft.pages=371&rft.pub=Peterson%27s&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7689-2885-3&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpetersonsmasterg0000stew_x3f1%2Fpage%2F371&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFHamilton2009" class="citation book">Hamilton, Matthew B. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/populationgeneti00hami">Population genetics</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiley-Blackwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiley-Blackwell (dim tudalen ar gael)">Wiley-Blackwell</a>. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/populationgeneti00hami/page/n69">55</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4051-3277-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4051-3277-0"><bdi>978-1-4051-3277-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Population+genetics&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-3277-0&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Matthew+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpopulationgeneti00hami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFVilleWalkerBarnes1984" class="citation book">Ville, Claude Alvin; Walker, Warren Franklin; Barnes, Robert D. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/generalzoology0000vill_t4w4">General zoology</a>. Saunders College Pub. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/generalzoology0000vill_t4w4/page/467">467</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-03-062451-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-03-062451-3"><bdi>978-0-03-062451-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+zoology&rft.pages=467&rft.pub=Saunders+College+Pub&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-03-062451-3&rft.aulast=Ville&rft.aufirst=Claude+Alvin&rft.au=Walker%2C+Warren+Franklin&rft.au=Barnes%2C+Robert+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeneralzoology0000vill_t4w4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFHamiltonBoydMossman1945" class="citation book">Hamilton, William James; Boyd, James Dixon; Mossman, Harland Winfield (1945). Human embryology: (prenatal development of form and function). Williams & Wilkins. t. 330.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+embryology%3A+%28prenatal+development+of+form+and+function%29&rft.pages=330&rft.pub=Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=William+James&rft.au=Boyd%2C+James+Dixon&rft.au=Mossman%2C+Harland+Winfield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFPhilips1975" class="citation book">Philips, Joy B. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/developmentofver0000phil/page/176">Development of vertebrate anatomy</a>. Mosby. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/developmentofver0000phil/page/176">176</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8016-3927-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-8016-3927-2"><bdi>978-0-8016-3927-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Development+of+vertebrate+anatomy&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Mosby&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8016-3927-2&rft.aulast=Philips&rft.aufirst=Joy+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdevelopmentofver0000phil%2Fpage%2F176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">The Encyclopedia Americana: a library of universal knowledge, Volume 10. Encyclopedia Americana Corp. 1918. t. 281.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+Americana%3A+a+library+of+universal+knowledge%2C+Volume+10&rft.pages=281&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Americana+Corp.&rft.date=1918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFRomoserStoffolano1998" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_S._Romoser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William S. Romoser (dim tudalen ar gael)">Romoser, William S.</a>; Stoffolano, J. G. (1998). The science of entomology. WCB McGraw-Hill. t. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-697-22848-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-697-22848-2"><bdi>978-0-697-22848-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+science+of+entomology&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=WCB+McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-697-22848-2&rft.aulast=Romoser&rft.aufirst=William+S.&rft.au=Stoffolano%2C+J.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid19834483-32"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid19834483_32-0">↑</a> Charlesworth, D.; Willis, J. H. (2009). "The genetics of inbreeding depression". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_Reviews_Genetics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nature Reviews Genetics (dim tudalen ar gael)">Nature Reviews Genetics</a> 10 (11): 783–796. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrg2664">10.1038/nrg2664</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19834483">19834483</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid3324702-33"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid3324702_33-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFBernsteinHopfMichod1987" class="citation book">Bernstein, H.; Hopf, F. A.; Michod, R. E. (1987). The molecular basis of the evolution of sex. 24. tt. 323–370. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (dim tudalen ar gael)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0065-2660%2808%2960012-7">10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60012-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-12-017624-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-12-017624-3"><bdi>978-0-12-017624-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3324702">3324702</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+molecular+basis+of+the+evolution+of+sex&rft.pages=323-370&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3324702&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0065-2660%2808%2960012-7&rft.isbn=978-0-12-017624-3&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Hopf%2C+F.+A.&rft.au=Michod%2C+R.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pusey-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Pusey_34-0">↑</a> Pusey, Anne; Wolf, Marisa (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-ecology-evolution_1996_11_5/page/201">"Inbreeding avoidance in animals"</a>. Trends Ecol. Evol. 11 (5): 201–206. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0169-5347%2896%2910028-8">10.1016/0169-5347(96)10028-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21237809">21237809</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-ecology-evolution_1996_11_5/page/201">https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-ecology-evolution_1996_11_5/page/201</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFAdiyodiHughesAdiyodi2002" class="citation book">Adiyodi, K. G.; Hughes, Roger N.; Adiyodi, Rita G. (July 2002). Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates, Volume 11, Progress in Asexual Reproduction. Wiley. t. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-471-48968-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-471-48968-9"><bdi>978-0-471-48968-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reproductive+Biology+of+Invertebrates%2C+Volume+11%2C+Progress+in+Asexual+Reproduction&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2002-07&rft.isbn=978-0-471-48968-9&rft.aulast=Adiyodi&rft.aufirst=K.+G.&rft.au=Hughes%2C+Roger+N.&rft.au=Adiyodi%2C+Rita+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFSchatz" class="citation web">Schatz, Phil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180306022745/http://philschatz.com/biology-concepts-book/contents/m45547.html">"Concepts of Biology: How Animals Reproduce"</a>. OpenStax College. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://philschatz.com/biology-concepts-book/contents/m45547.html">gwreiddiol</a> ar 6 March 2018. Cyrchwyd 5 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Concepts+of+Biology%3A+How+Animals+Reproduce&rft.pub=OpenStax+College&rft.aulast=Schatz&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphilschatz.com%2Fbiology-concepts-book%2Fcontents%2Fm45547.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFMarchettiRivas2001" class="citation book">Marchetti, Mauro; Rivas, Victoria (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/geomorphologyenv0000unse">Geomorphology and environmental impact assessment</a>. Taylor & Francis. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/geomorphologyenv0000unse/page/84">84</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-90-5809-344-8" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-90-5809-344-8"><bdi>978-90-5809-344-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geomorphology+and+environmental+impact+assessment&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-90-5809-344-8&rft.aulast=Marchetti&rft.aufirst=Mauro&rft.au=Rivas%2C+Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeomorphologyenv0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFLevy1973" class="citation book">Levy, Charles K. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elementsofbiolog0000levy">Elements of Biology</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Appleton-Century-Crofts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Appleton-Century-Crofts (dim tudalen ar gael)">Appleton-Century-Crofts</a>. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elementsofbiolog0000levy/page/108">108</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-390-55627-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-390-55627-1"><bdi>978-0-390-55627-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elements+of+Biology&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Appleton-Century-Crofts&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-390-55627-1&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Charles+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felementsofbiolog0000levy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ecology-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Ecology_39-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFBegonTownsendHarper1996" class="citation book">Begon, M.; Townsend, C.; Harper, J. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ecology00mich">Ecology: Individuals, populations and communities</a> (arg. Third). Blackwell Science. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-86542-845-4" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-86542-845-4"><bdi>978-0-86542-845-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ecology%3A+Individuals%2C+populations+and+communities&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Blackwell+Science&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-86542-845-4&rft.aulast=Begon&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Townsend%2C+C.&rft.au=Harper%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fecology00mich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFAllenPondellaHorn2006" class="citation book">Allen, Larry Glen; Pondella, Daniel J.; Horn, Michael H. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ecologyofmarinef0000unse">Ecology of marine fishes: California and adjacent waters</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_California_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of California Press (dim tudalen ar gael)">University of California Press</a>. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ecologyofmarinef0000unse/page/428">428</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-520-24653-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-520-24653-9"><bdi>978-0-520-24653-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ecology+of+marine+fishes%3A+California+and+adjacent+waters&rft.pages=428&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-520-24653-9&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Larry+Glen&rft.au=Pondella%2C+Daniel+J.&rft.au=Horn%2C+Michael+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fecologyofmarinef0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFCaro2005" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Caro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tim Caro (dim tudalen ar gael)">Caro, Tim</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/antipredatordefe0000caro">Antipredator Defenses in Birds and Mammals</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Chicago Press (dim tudalen ar gael)">University of Chicago Press</a>. tt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/antipredatordefe0000caro/page/1">1</a>–6 and passim.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antipredator+Defenses+in+Birds+and+Mammals&rft.pages=1-6+and+passim&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Caro&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fantipredatordefe0000caro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SimpsonCB-42"><a href="#cite_ref-SimpsonCB_42-0">↑</a> Simpson, Alastair G.B; Roger, Andrew J. (2004). "The real 'kingdoms' of eukaryotes". Current Biology 14 (17): R693–696. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2004.08.038">10.1016/j.cub.2004.08.038</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15341755">15341755</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> Stevens, Alison N. P. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/predation-herbivory-and-parasitism-13261134">"Predation, Herbivory, and Parasitism"</a>. Nature Education Knowledge 3 (10): 36. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/predation-herbivory-and-parasitism-13261134">https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/predation-herbivory-and-parasitism-13261134</a>. Adalwyd 12 February 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> Jervis, M. A.; Kidd, N. A. C. (November 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-reviews_1986-11_61_4/page/395">"Host-Feeding Strategies in Hymenopteran Parasitoids"</a>. Biological Reviews 61 (4): 395–434. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-185x.1986.tb00660.x">10.1111/j.1469-185x.1986.tb00660.x</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-reviews_1986-11_61_4/page/395">https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-reviews_1986-11_61_4/page/395</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-ScienceSpongi-45"><a href="#cite_ref-ScienceSpongi_45-0">↑</a> Meylan, Anne (22 January 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1988-01-22_239_4838/page/393">"Spongivory in Hawksbill Turtles: A Diet of Glass"</a>. Science 239 (4838): 393–395. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Sci...239..393M">1988Sci...239..393M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.239.4838.393">10.1126/science.239.4838.393</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1700236">1700236</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17836872">17836872</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1988-01-22_239_4838/page/393">https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1988-01-22_239_4838/page/393</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmidt-Rohr_2020-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Schmidt-Rohr_2020_46-0">↑</a> Schmidt-Rohr, Klaus (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=7016920">"Oxygen is the High-Energy Molecule Powering Complex Multicellular Life: Fundamental Corrections to Traditional Bioenergetics"</a>. ACS Omega 5 (5): 2221–2233. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Facsomega.9b03352">10.1021/acsomega.9b03352</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7016920/?tool=pmcentrez">7016920</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32064383">32064383</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=7016920">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=7016920</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFClutterbuck2000" class="citation book">Clutterbuck, Peter (2000). Understanding Science: Upper Primary. Blake Education. t. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-86509-170-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-86509-170-9"><bdi>978-1-86509-170-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Science%3A+Upper+Primary&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Blake+Education&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-86509-170-9&rft.aulast=Clutterbuck&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFGupta1900" class="citation book">Gupta, P. K. (1900). Genetics Classical To Modern. Rastogi Publications. t. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-81-7133-896-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-81-7133-896-2"><bdi>978-81-7133-896-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genetics+Classical+To+Modern&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Rastogi+Publications&rft.date=1900&rft.isbn=978-81-7133-896-2&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=P.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFGarrettGrisham2010" class="citation book">Garrett, Reginald; Grisham, Charles M. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biochemistry00rhga">Biochemistry</a>. Cengage Learning. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biochemistry00rhga/page/n572">535</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-495-10935-8" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-495-10935-8"><bdi>978-0-495-10935-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biochemistry&rft.pages=535&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-495-10935-8&rft.aulast=Garrett&rft.aufirst=Reginald&rft.au=Grisham%2C+Charles+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiochemistry00rhga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFCastroHuber2007" class="citation book">Castro, Peter; Huber, Michael E. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marinebiology0000pete">Marine Biology</a> (arg. 7th). McGraw-Hill. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marinebiology0000pete/page/376">376</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-07-722124-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-07-722124-9"><bdi>978-0-07-722124-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marine+Biology&rft.pages=376&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-07-722124-9&rft.aulast=Castro&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Huber%2C+Michael+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarinebiology0000pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rota-Stabelli2013-51"><a href="#cite_ref-Rota-Stabelli2013_51-0">↑</a> Rota-Stabelli, Omar; Daley, Allison C.; Pisani, Davide (2013). "Molecular Timetrees Reveal a Cambrian Colonization of Land and a New Scenario for Ecdysozoan Evolution". Current Biology 23 (5): 392–8. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2013.01.026">10.1016/j.cub.2013.01.026</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23375891">23375891</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> Daeschler, Edward B.; Shubin, Neil H.; Jenkins, Farish A., Jr. (6 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2006-04-06_440_7085/page/757">"A Devonian tetrapod-like fish and the evolution of the tetrapod body plan"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nature (journal) (dim tudalen ar gael)">Nature</a> 440 (7085): 757–763. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Natur.440..757D">2006Natur.440..757D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature04639">10.1038/nature04639</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16598249">16598249</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2006-04-06_440_7085/page/757">https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2006-04-06_440_7085/page/757</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_A._Clack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jennifer A. Clack (dim tudalen ar gael)">Clack, Jennifer A.</a> (21 November 2005). "Getting a Leg Up on Land". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_American&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific American (dim tudalen ar gael)">Scientific American</a> 293 (6): 100–7. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005SciAm.293f.100C">2005SciAm.293f.100C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican1205-100">10.1038/scientificamerican1205-100</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16323697">16323697</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Margulis-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Margulis_54-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFMargulisSchwartz,_Karlene_V.Dolan,_Michael1999" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Margulis" title="Lynn Margulis">Margulis, Lynn</a>; Schwartz, Karlene V.; Dolan, Michael (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8wJXWBMsEOkC&pg=PA115">Diversity of Life: The Illustrated Guide to the Five Kingdoms</a>. Jones & Bartlett Learning. tt. 115–116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7637-0862-7" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-7637-0862-7"><bdi>978-0-7637-0862-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diversity+of+Life%3A+The+Illustrated+Guide+to+the+Five+Kingdoms&rft.pages=115-116&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Bartlett+Learning&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7637-0862-7&rft.aulast=Margulis&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Karlene+V.&rft.au=Dolan%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8wJXWBMsEOkC%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clarke2014-55"><a href="#cite_ref-Clarke2014_55-0">↑</a> Clarke, Andrew (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/507274/1/Clarke.pdf">"The thermal limits to life on Earth"</a>. International Journal of Astrobiology 13 (2): 141–154. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014IJAsB..13..141C">2014IJAsB..13..141C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS1473550413000438">10.1017/S1473550413000438</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/507274/1/Clarke.pdf">http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/507274/1/Clarke.pdf</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-bas-land-56"><a href="#cite_ref-bas-land_56-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106225451/https://www.bas.ac.uk/about/antarctica/wildlife/land-animals/">"Land animals"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Antarctic_Survey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Antarctic Survey (dim tudalen ar gael)">British Antarctic Survey</a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bas.ac.uk/about/antarctica/wildlife/land-animals/">gwreiddiol</a> ar 6 November 2018. Cyrchwyd 7 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Land+animals&rft.pub=British+Antarctic+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bas.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fantarctica%2Fwildlife%2Fland-animals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wood-57">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Wood_57-0">57.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wood_57-1">57.1</a> <cite id="CITEREFWood1983" class="citation book">Wood, Gerald (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofan00wood">The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats</a>. Enfield, Middlesex : Guinness Superlatives. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-85112-235-9" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-85112-235-9"><bdi>978-0-85112-235-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guinness+Book+of+Animal+Facts+and+Feats&rft.pub=Enfield%2C+Middlesex+%3A+Guinness+Superlatives&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-85112-235-9&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguinnessbookofan00wood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mazzettaetal2004-58"><a href="#cite_ref-Mazzettaetal2004_58-0">↑</a> Mazzetta, Gerardo V.; Christiansen, Per; Fariña, Richard A. (2004). "Giants and Bizarres: Body Size of Some Southern South American Cretaceous Dinosaurs". Historical Biology 16 (2–4): 71–83. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F08912960410001715132">10.1080/08912960410001715132</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFFiala2008" class="citation web">Fiala, Ivan (10 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180301225416/http://tolweb.org/Myxozoa/2460/2008.07.10">"Myxozoa"</a>. Tree of Life Web Project. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/Myxozoa/2460/2008.07.10">gwreiddiol</a> ar 1 March 2018. Cyrchwyd 4 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Myxozoa&rft.pub=Tree+of+Life+Web+Project&rft.date=2008-07-10&rft.aulast=Fiala&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftolweb.org%2FMyxozoa%2F2460%2F2008.07.10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> Kaur, H.; Singh, R. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3235390">"Two new species of Myxobolus (Myxozoa: Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) infecting an Indian major carp and a cat fish in wetlands of Punjab, India"</a>. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 35 (2): 169–176. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12639-011-0061-4">10.1007/s12639-011-0061-4</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235390/?tool=pmcentrez">3235390</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23024499">23024499</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3235390">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3235390</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhang2013-61">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_61-0">61.00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_61-1">61.01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_61-2">61.02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_61-3">61.03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_61-4">61.04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_61-5">61.05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_61-6">61.06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_61-7">61.07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_61-8">61.08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_61-9">61.09</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_61-10">61.10</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_61-11">61.11</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_61-12">61.12</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang2013_61-13">61.13</a> Zhang, Zhi-Qiang (2013-08-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/download/zootaxa.3703.1.3/4273">"Animal biodiversity: An update of classification and diversity in 2013. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013)"</a>. Zootaxa 3703 (1): 5. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.3703.1.3">10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/download/zootaxa.3703.1.3/4273">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/download/zootaxa.3703.1.3/4273</a>. Adalwyd 2 March 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-Balian2008-62">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_62-0">62.00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_62-1">62.01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_62-2">62.02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_62-3">62.03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_62-4">62.04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_62-5">62.05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_62-6">62.06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_62-7">62.07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_62-8">62.08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balian2008_62-9">62.09</a> <cite id="CITEREFBalianLévêqueSegersMartens2008" class="citation book">Balian, E. V.; Lévêque, C.; Segers, H.; Martens, K. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dw4H6DBHnAgC&pg=PA628">Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment</a>. Springer. t. 628. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4020-8259-7" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-4020-8259-7"><bdi>978-1-4020-8259-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Freshwater+Animal+Diversity+Assessment&rft.pages=628&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-8259-7&rft.aulast=Balian&rft.aufirst=E.+V.&rft.au=L%C3%A9v%C3%AAque%2C+C.&rft.au=Segers%2C+H.&rft.au=Martens%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDw4H6DBHnAgC%26pg%3DPA628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hogenboom2016-63">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_63-0">63.00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_63-1">63.01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_63-2">63.02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_63-3">63.03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_63-4">63.04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_63-5">63.05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_63-6">63.06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_63-7">63.07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_63-8">63.08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_63-9">63.09</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_63-10">63.10</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_63-11">63.11</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_63-12">63.12</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hogenboom2016_63-13">63.13</a> <cite id="CITEREFHogenboom" class="citation web">Hogenboom, Melissa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180810141811/http://www.bbc.co.uk/earth/story/20150325-all-animal-life-in-35-photos">"There are only 35 kinds of animal and most are really weird"</a>. BBC Earth. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/earth/story/20150325-all-animal-life-in-35-photos">gwreiddiol</a> ar 10 August 2018. Cyrchwyd 2 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=There+are+only+35+kinds+of+animal+and+most+are+really+weird&rft.pub=BBC+Earth&rft.aulast=Hogenboom&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20150325-all-animal-life-in-35-photos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poulin2007-64">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Poulin2007_64-0">64.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poulin2007_64-1">64.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poulin2007_64-2">64.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poulin2007_64-3">64.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poulin2007_64-4">64.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poulin2007_64-5">64.5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poulin2007_64-6">64.6</a> <cite id="CITEREFPoulin2007" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Poulin_(zoologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Poulin (zoologist) (dim tudalen ar gael)">Poulin, Robert</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutionaryecol0000poul/page/6">Evolutionary Ecology of Parasites</a>. Princeton University Press. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutionaryecol0000poul/page/6">6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-691-12085-0" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-691-12085-0"><bdi>978-0-691-12085-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolutionary+Ecology+of+Parasites&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-691-12085-0&rft.aulast=Poulin&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fevolutionaryecol0000poul%2Fpage%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Felder2009-65">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Felder2009_65-0">65.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Felder2009_65-1">65.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Felder2009_65-2">65.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Felder2009_65-3">65.3</a> <cite id="CITEREFFelderCamp2009" class="citation book">Felder, Darryl L.; Camp, David K. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CphA8hiwaFIC&pg=RA1-PA1111">Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota: Biodiversity</a>. Texas A&M University Press. t. 1111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-60344-269-5" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-60344-269-5"><bdi>978-1-60344-269-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gulf+of+Mexico+Origin%2C+Waters%2C+and+Biota%3A+Biodiversity&rft.pages=1111&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-60344-269-5&rft.aulast=Felder&rft.aufirst=Darryl+L.&rft.au=Camp%2C+David+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCphA8hiwaFIC%26pg%3DRA1-PA1111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180701164954/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110823180459.htm">"How many species on Earth? About 8.7 million, new estimate says"</a>. 24 August 2011. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110823180459.htm">gwreiddiol</a> ar 1 July 2018. Cyrchwyd 2 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+many+species+on+Earth%3F+About+8.7+million%2C+new+estimate+says&rft.date=2011-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2011%2F08%2F110823180459.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mora2011-67"><a href="#cite_ref-Mora2011_67-0">↑</a> Mora, Camilo; Tittensor, Derek P.; Adl, Sina; Simpson, Alastair G.B.; Worm, Boris (2011-08-23). Mace, Georgina M.. ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3160336">"How Many Species Are There on Earth and in the Ocean?"</a>. PLOS Biology 9 (8): e1001127. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1001127">10.1371/journal.pbio.1001127</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3160336/?tool=pmcentrez">3160336</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21886479">21886479</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3160336">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3160336</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Stork2018-68"><a href="#cite_ref-Stork2018_68-0">↑</a> Stork, Nigel E. (January 2018). "How Many Species of Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods Are There on Earth?". Annual Review of Entomology 63 (1): 31–45. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-ento-020117-043348">10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043348</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28938083">28938083</a>. Stork notes that 1m insects have been named, making much larger predicted estimates. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFPoore2002" class="citation book">Poore, Hugh F. (2002). "Introduction". Crustacea: Malacostraca. Zoological catalogue of Australia. 19.2A. <a href="/w/index.php?title=CSIRO_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CSIRO Publishing (dim tudalen ar gael)">CSIRO Publishing</a>. tt. 1–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-643-06901-5" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-643-06901-5"><bdi>978-0-643-06901-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Crustacea%3A+Malacostraca&rft.series=Zoological+catalogue+of+Australia&rft.pages=1-7&rft.pub=CSIRO+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-643-06901-5&rft.aulast=Poore&rft.aufirst=Hugh+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> Uetz, P.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352462027">"A Quarter Century of Reptile and Amphibian Databases"</a>. Herpetological Review 52: 246–255. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352462027">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352462027</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Reaka-Kudla1996-71">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Reaka-Kudla1996_71-0">71.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reaka-Kudla1996_71-1">71.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reaka-Kudla1996_71-2">71.2</a> <cite id="CITEREFReaka-KudlaWilsonWilson1996" class="citation book">Reaka-Kudla, Marjorie L.; Wilson, Don E.; <a href="/wiki/E._O._Wilson" title="E. O. Wilson">Wilson, Edward O.</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-X5OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA90">Biodiversity II: Understanding and Protecting Our Biological Resources</a>. Joseph Henry Press. t. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-309-52075-1" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-309-52075-1"><bdi>978-0-309-52075-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biodiversity+II%3A+Understanding+and+Protecting+Our+Biological+Resources&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Joseph+Henry+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-309-52075-1&rft.aulast=Reaka-Kudla&rft.aufirst=Marjorie+L.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Don+E.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Edward+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-X5OAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFBurtonBurton2017" class="citation book">Burton, Derek; Burton, Margaret (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U0o4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA281">Essential Fish Biology: Diversity, Structure and Function</a>. Oxford University Press. tt. 281–282. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-878555-2" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-19-878555-2"><bdi>978-0-19-878555-2</bdi></a>. <q><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trichomycteridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trichomycteridae (dim tudalen ar gael)">Trichomycteridae</a> ... includes obligate parasitic fish. Thus 17 genera from 2 subfamilies, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vandelliinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vandelliinae (dim tudalen ar gael)">Vandelliinae</a>; 4 genera, 9spp. and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stegophilinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stegophilinae (dim tudalen ar gael)">Stegophilinae</a>; 13 genera, 31 spp. are parasites on gills (Vandelliinae) or skin (stegophilines) of fish.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essential+Fish+Biology%3A+Diversity%2C+Structure+and+Function&rft.pages=281-282&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-19-878555-2&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft.au=Burton%2C+Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU0o4DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nicol1969-73">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Nicol1969_73-0">73.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nicol1969_73-1">73.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nicol1969_73-2">73.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nicol1969_73-3">73.3</a> Nicol, David (June 1969). "The Number of Living Species of Molluscs". Systematic Zoology 18 (2): 251–254. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2412618">10.2307/2412618</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2412618">2412618</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a> Sluys, R. (1999). "Global diversity of land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola): a new indicator-taxon in biodiversity and conservation studies". Biodiversity and Conservation 8 (12): 1663–1681. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1008994925673">10.1023/A:1008994925673</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Pandian-75">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Pandian_75-0">75.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pandian_75-1">75.1</a> <cite id="CITEREFPandian2020" class="citation book">Pandian, T. J. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l6rMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT14">Reproduction and Development in Platyhelminthes</a>. CRC Press. tt. 13–14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-000-05490-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-000-05490-3"><bdi>978-1-000-05490-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reproduction+and+Development+in+Platyhelminthes&rft.pages=13-14&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-000-05490-3&rft.aulast=Pandian&rft.aufirst=T.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl6rMDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFFontaneto" class="citation web">Fontaneto, Diego. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180302225409/http://ukmarinesac.org.uk/PDF/rotifers.pdf">"Marine Rotifers | An Unexplored World of Richness"</a> (PDF). JMBA Global Marine Environment. tt. 4–5. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukmarinesac.org.uk/PDF/rotifers.pdf">gwreiddiol</a> (PDF) ar 2 March 2018. Cyrchwyd 2 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marine+Rotifers+%7C+An+Unexplored+World+of+Richness&rft.pages=4-5&rft.pub=JMBA+Global+Marine+Environment&rft.aulast=Fontaneto&rft.aufirst=Diego&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fukmarinesac.org.uk%2FPDF%2Frotifers.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFMorandKrasnovLittlewood2015" class="citation book">Morand, Serge; Krasnov, Boris R.; Littlewood, D. Timothy J. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o2t2BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44">Parasite Diversity and Diversification</a>. Cambridge University Press. t. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-107-03765-6" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-107-03765-6"><bdi>978-1-107-03765-6</bdi></a>. Cyrchwyd 2 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parasite+Diversity+and+Diversification&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-107-03765-6&rft.aulast=Morand&rft.aufirst=Serge&rft.au=Krasnov%2C+Boris+R.&rft.au=Littlewood%2C+D.+Timothy+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do2t2BgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bobrovskiy_Hope_Ivantsov_Nettersheim_pp._1246–1249-78">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Bobrovskiy_Hope_Ivantsov_Nettersheim_pp._1246–1249_78-0">78.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bobrovskiy_Hope_Ivantsov_Nettersheim_pp._1246–1249_78-1">78.1</a> Bobrovskiy, Ilya; Hope, Janet M.; Ivantsov, Andrey; Nettersheim, Benjamin J.; Hallmann, Christian; Brocks, Jochen J. (20 September 2018). "Ancient steroids establish the Ediacaran fossil Dickinsonia as one of the earliest animals". Science 361 (6408): 1246–1249. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Sci...361.1246B">2018Sci...361.1246B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aat7228">10.1126/science.aat7228</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30237355">30237355</a>. Gwall cyfeirio: Tag <code><ref></code> annilys; mae'r enw "Bobrovskiy Hope Ivantsov Nettersheim pp. 1246–1249" wedi'i ddiffinio droeon gyda chynnwys gwahanol </li> <li id="cite_note-roseMaloof-79"><a href="#cite_ref-roseMaloof_79-0">↑</a> Maloof, Adam C.; Rose, Catherine V.; Beach, Robert; Samuels, Bradley M.; Calmet, Claire C.; Erwin, Douglas H.; Poirier, Gerald R.; Yao, Nan et al. (17 August 2010). "Possible animal-body fossils in pre-Marinoan limestones from South Australia". Nature Geoscience 3 (9): 653–659. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010NatGe...3..653M">2010NatGe...3..653M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fngeo934">10.1038/ngeo934</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a> Shen, Bing; Dong, Lin; Xiao, Shuhai; Kowalewski, Michał (2008). "The Avalon Explosion: Evolution of Ediacara Morphospace". Science 319 (5859): 81–84. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Sci...319...81S">2008Sci...319...81S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1150279">10.1126/science.1150279</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18174439">18174439</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a> Chen, Zhe; Chen, Xiang; Zhou, Chuanming; Yuan, Xunlai; Xiao, Shuhai (1 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5990303">"Late Ediacaran trackways produced by bilaterian animals with paired appendages"</a>. Science Advances 4 (6): eaao6691. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SciA....4.6691C">2018SciA....4.6691C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fsciadv.aao6691">10.1126/sciadv.aao6691</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5990303/?tool=pmcentrez">5990303</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29881773">29881773</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5990303">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5990303</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFSchopf1999" class="citation book">Schopf, J. William (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutionfactsfa0000unse/page/7">Evolution!: facts and fallacies</a>. Academic Press. t. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutionfactsfa0000unse/page/7">7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-12-628860-5" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0-12-628860-5"><bdi>978-0-12-628860-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolution%21%3A+facts+and+fallacies&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-12-628860-5&rft.aulast=Schopf&rft.aufirst=J.+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fevolutionfactsfa0000unse%2Fpage%2F7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zimorski2019-83"><a href="#cite_ref-Zimorski2019_83-0">↑</a> Zimorski, Verena; Mentel, Marek; Tielens, Aloysius G. M.; Martin, William F. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6856725">"Energy metabolism in anaerobic eukaryotes and Earth's late oxygenation"</a>. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 140: 279–294. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.freeradbiomed.2019.03.030">10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.030</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6856725/?tool=pmcentrez">6856725</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30935869">30935869</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6856725">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6856725</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a> Maloof, A. C.; Porter, S. M.; Moore, J. L.; Dudas, F. O.; Bowring, S. A.; Higgins, J. A.; Fike, D. A.; Eddy, M. P. (2010). "The earliest Cambrian record of animals and ocean geochemical change". Geological Society of America Bulletin 122 (11–12): 1731–1774. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010GSAB..122.1731M">2010GSAB..122.1731M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1130%2FB30346.1">10.1130/B30346.1</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903062054/http://www.ia.ucsb.edu/pa/display.aspx?pkey=2364">"New Timeline for Appearances of Skeletal Animals in Fossil Record Developed by UCSB Researchers"</a>. The Regents of the University of California. 10 November 2010. 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Fossil Calibration Database. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fossilcalibrations.org/">gwreiddiol</a> ar 7 March 2018. Cyrchwyd 3 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fossil+Calibration+Database&rft.atitle=Raising+the+Standard+in+Fossil+Calibration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffossilcalibrations.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a> Laumer, Christopher E.; Gruber-Vodicka, Harald; Hadfield, Michael G.; Pearse, Vicki B.; Riesgo, Ana; Marioni, John C.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6277202">"Support for a clade of Placozoa and Cnidaria in genes with minimal compositional bias"</a>. eLife 2018;7: e36278. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.7554%2FeLife.36278">10.7554/eLife.36278</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6277202/?tool=pmcentrez">6277202</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30373720">30373720</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6277202">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6277202</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a> Adl, Sina M.; Bass, David; Lane, Christopher E.; Lukeš, Julius; Schoch, Conrad L.; Smirnov, Alexey; Agatha, Sabine; Berney, Cedric et al. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6492006">"Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes"</a>. 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(2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190424155137/https://www.sinauer.com/media/wysiwyg/samples/Brusca3e_Chapter_9.pdf">Introduction to the Bilateria and the Phylum Xenacoelomorpha | Triploblasty and Bilateral Symmetry Provide New Avenues for Animal Radiation</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinauer_Associates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinauer Associates (dim tudalen ar gael)">Sinauer Associates</a>. tt. 345–372. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-60535-375-3" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-1-60535-375-3"><bdi>978-1-60535-375-3</bdi></a>. Archifwyd o'r <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sinauer.com/media/wysiwyg/samples/Brusca3e_Chapter_9.pdf">gwreiddiol</a> (PDF) ar 2019-04-24. Cyrchwyd 4 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Bilateria+and+the+Phylum+Xenacoelomorpha+%7C+Triploblasty+and+Bilateral+Symmetry+Provide+New+Avenues+for+Animal+Radiation&rft.pages=345-372&rft.pub=Sinauer+Associates&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-60535-375-3&rft.aulast=Brusca&rft.aufirst=Richard+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sinauer.com%2Fmedia%2Fwysiwyg%2Fsamples%2FBrusca3e_Chapter_9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3AAnifail" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telford_2008_pp._457–459-102"><a href="#cite_ref-Telford_2008_pp._457–459_102-0">↑</a> Telford, Maximilian J. (2008). "Resolving Animal Phylogeny: A Sledgehammer for a Tough Nut?". 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(2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4025995">"Acoelomorph flatworms are deuterostomes related to Xenoturbella"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nature (journal) (dim tudalen ar gael)">Nature</a> 470 (7333): 255–258. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Natur.470..255P">2011Natur.470..255P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature09676">10.1038/nature09676</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4025995/?tool=pmcentrez">4025995</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21307940">21307940</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4025995">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4025995</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Perseke2007-104"><a href="#cite_ref-Perseke2007_104-0">↑</a> Perseke, M.; Hankeln, T.; Weich, B.; Fritzsch, G.; Stadler, P.F.; Israelsson, O.; Bernhard, D.; Schlegel, M. (August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bioinf.uni-leipzig.de/Publications/PREPRINTS/07-009.pdf">"The mitochondrial DNA of Xenoturbella bocki: genomic architecture and phylogenetic analysis"</a>. Theory Biosci 126 (1): 35–42. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12064-007-0007-7">10.1007/s12064-007-0007-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18087755">18087755</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.bioinf.uni-leipzig.de/Publications/PREPRINTS/07-009.pdf">http://www.bioinf.uni-leipzig.de/Publications/PREPRINTS/07-009.pdf</a>. Adalwyd 4 March 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-Cannon_2016-105"><a href="#cite_ref-Cannon_2016_105-0">↑</a> Cannon, Johanna T.; Vellutini, Bruno C.; Smith III, Julian.; Ronquist, Frederik; Jondelius, Ulf; Hejnol, Andreas (3 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:nrm:diva-1844">"Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nature (journal) (dim tudalen ar gael)">Nature</a> 530 (7588): 89–93. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (dim tudalen ar gael)">Bibcode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Natur.530...89C">2016Natur.530...89C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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