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id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Help</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">CS1 errors</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Help page</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Help_talk:CS1_errors" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large 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It is not one of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>, and may reflect varying levels of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>.</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1201045014">.mw-parser-output #skip-to-top-button,.mw-parser-output #skip-to-bottom-button{position:fixed;bottom:8px;z-index:50}.mw-parser-output #skip-to-top-button:hover,.mw-parser-output #skip-to-bottom-button:hover{filter:brightness(1.05)}.mw-parser-output #skip-to-top-button:active,.mw-parser-output #skip-to-bottom-button:active{filter:brightness(0.95)}.mw-parser-output #skip-to-bottom-button{right:8px}.mw-parser-output #skip-to-top-button{right:64px}@media(min-width:1400px){body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output #skip-to-bottom-button{right:68px}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output #skip-to-top-button{right:124px}}</style> <div class="noprint" id="skip-to-top-button"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="#top" title="Skip to top"><img alt="Skip to top" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Skip_to_top3.svg/50px-Skip_to_top3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Skip_to_top3.svg/75px-Skip_to_top3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Skip_to_top3.svg/100px-Skip_to_top3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="374"></a></span></div> <div class="noprint" id="skip-to-bottom-button"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="#skip-to-bottom-anchor" title="Skip to bottom"><img alt="Skip to bottom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Skip_to_bottom3.svg/50px-Skip_to_bottom3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Skip_to_bottom3.svg/75px-Skip_to_bottom3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Skip_to_bottom3.svg/100px-Skip_to_bottom3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="374"></a></span></div><div id="skip-to-bottom-anchor" style="position: absolute; bottom: 0;"></div> <p>This page describes the error messages reported by the <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> citations, what they mean, and how editors might resolve the errors. <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors" title="Category:CS1 errors">Category:CS1 errors</a> is the general errors category and <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maintenance" title="Category:CS1 maintenance">Category:CS1 maintenance</a> is the general maintenance category. </p><p>Errors issued by Wikipedia's <code><ref></code> system, in which citation templates are typically embedded, can be found at <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors" title="Help:Cite errors">Help:Cite errors</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Controlling_error_message_display"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Controlling error message display</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Preview_messages"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Preview messages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Error_and_maintenance_messages"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Error and maintenance messages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Properties_category_highlighting"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Properties category highlighting</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Most_common_errors"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Most common errors</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#%7Caccess-date=_requires_%7Curl="><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|access-date= requires |url= </span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#%7Carchive-date=_/_%7Carchive-url=_timestamp_mismatch"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#%7Carchive-date=_requires_%7Carchive-url="><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|archive-date= requires |archive-url= </span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#%7Carchive-url=_is_malformed"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|archive-url= is malformed </span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#%7Carchive-url=_requires_%7Carchive-date="><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|archive-url= requires |archive-date= </span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#%7Carchive-url=_requires_%7Curl="><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|archive-url= requires |url= </span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#%7Carxiv=_required"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|arxiv= required</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#%7Casin-tld=_requires_%7Casin="><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|asin-tld= requires |asin=</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#%7Cbiorxiv=_required"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|biorxiv= required</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#%7Cchapter=_ignored"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|chapter= ignored</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#<char>_character_in_%7C<param>=_at_position_n"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext"><span><char> character in |<param>= at position <i>n</i></span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Check_%7Carxiv=_value"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |arxiv= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Check_%7Casin=_value"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |asin= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Check_%7Casin-tld=_value"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |asin-tld= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Check_%7Cbibcode=_<message>"><span class="tocnumber">17</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |bibcode= <message></span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Check_%7Cbiorxiv=_value"><span class="tocnumber">18</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |biorxiv= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Check_%7Cciteseerx=_value"><span class="tocnumber">19</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |citeseerx= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Check_date_values_in:_%7C<param1>=,_%7C<param2>=,_..."><span class="tocnumber">20</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check date values in: |<param1>=, |<param2>=, ...</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Check_%7Cdoi=_value"><span class="tocnumber">21</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |doi= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Check_%7Chdl=_value"><span class="tocnumber">22</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |hdl= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Check_%7Cisbn=_value"><span class="tocnumber">23</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |isbn= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Check_%7Cismn=_value"><span class="tocnumber">24</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |ismn= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#Check_%7Cissn=_value"><span class="tocnumber">25</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |issn= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#Check_%7Cjfm=_value"><span class="tocnumber">26</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |jfm= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#Check_%7Cjstor=_value"><span class="tocnumber">27</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |jstor= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#Check_%7Clccn=_value"><span class="tocnumber">28</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |lccn= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#Check_%7Cmedrxiv=_value"><span class="tocnumber">29</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |medrxiv= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#Check_%7Cmessage-id=_value"><span class="tocnumber">30</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |message-id= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#Check_%7Cmr=_value"><span class="tocnumber">31</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |mr= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#Check_%7Coclc=_value"><span class="tocnumber">32</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |oclc= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#Check_%7Col=_value"><span class="tocnumber">33</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |ol= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#Check_%7Costi=_value"><span class="tocnumber">34</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |osti= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="#Check_%7C<param>-link=_value"><span class="tocnumber">35</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |<param>-link= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="#Check_%7Cpmc=_value"><span class="tocnumber">36</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |pmc= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#Check_%7Cpmid=_value"><span class="tocnumber">37</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |pmid= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#Check_%7Crfc=_value"><span class="tocnumber">38</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |rfc= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#Check_%7Csbn=_value"><span class="tocnumber">39</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |sbn= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#Check_%7Cssrn=_value"><span class="tocnumber">40</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |ssrn= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#Check_%7Cs2cid=_value"><span class="tocnumber">41</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |s2cid= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#Check_%7Curl=_value"><span class="tocnumber">42</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |url= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="#Check_%7Czbl=_value"><span class="tocnumber">43</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Check |zbl= value</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-47"><a href="#Cite_has_empty_unknown_parameter:_<param>"><span class="tocnumber">44</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Cite has empty unknown parameter: <param></span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><a href="#Cite_document_requires_%7Cpublisher="><span class="tocnumber">45</span> <span class="toctext">Cite document requires |publisher=</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-49"><a href="#Cite_<template>_requires_%7C<param>="><span class="tocnumber">46</span> <span class="toctext">Cite <template> requires |<param>=</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-50"><a href="#Cite_uses_deprecated_parameter_%7C<param>="><span class="tocnumber">47</span> <span class="toctext">Cite uses deprecated parameter |<param>=</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-51"><a href="#Cite_uses_generic_name"><span class="tocnumber">48</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Cite uses generic name</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-52"><a href="#Cite_uses_generic_title"><span class="tocnumber">49</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Cite uses generic title</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-53"><a href="#%7Cciteseerx=_required"><span class="tocnumber">50</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|citeseerx= required</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-54"><a href="#%7Cclass=_ignored"><span class="tocnumber">51</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|class= ignored</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-55"><a href="#%7Ccontributor=_ignored"><span class="tocnumber">52</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|contributor= ignored</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-56"><a href="#%7Ccontributor=_requires_%7C<param>="><span class="tocnumber">53</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|contributor= requires |<param>= </span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-57"><a href="#%7Cdoi-broken-date=_requires_%7Cdoi="><span class="tocnumber">54</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|doi-broken-date= requires |doi=</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-58"><a href="#%7Cedition=_has_extra_text"><span class="tocnumber">55</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|edition= has extra text </span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-59"><a href="#Empty_citation"><span class="tocnumber">56</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Empty citation</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-60"><a href="#Explicit_use_of_et_al."><span class="tocnumber">57</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Explicit use of et al.</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-61"><a href="#External_link_in_%7C<param>="><span class="tocnumber">58</span> <span class="toctext"><span>External link in |<param>=</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-62"><a href="#%7C<first>n=_missing_%7C<last>n="><span class="tocnumber">59</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|<first><i>n</i>= missing |<last><i>n</i>=</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-63"><a href="#%7Cformat=_requires_%7Curl="><span class="tocnumber">60</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|format= requires |url= </span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-64"><a href="#Invalid_%7Cdisplay-<names>=<value>"><span class="tocnumber">61</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Invalid |display-<names>=<value></span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-65"><a href="#Invalid_<param>=<value>"><span class="tocnumber">62</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Invalid <param>=<value></span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-66"><a href="#Invalid_%7Cscript-<param>=:_<type>"><span class="tocnumber">63</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Invalid |script-<param>=: <type></span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-67"><a href="#%7Cissue=/%7Cnumber=_has_extra_text"><span class="tocnumber">64</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|issue=/|number= has extra text</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-68"><a href="#Italic_or_bold_markup_not_allowed_in:_%7C<param>="><span class="tocnumber">65</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |<param>=</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-69"><a href="#%7Cmedrxiv=_required"><span class="tocnumber">66</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|medrxiv= required</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-70"><a href="#Missing_%7C<name>n="><span class="tocnumber">67</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Missing |<name><i>n</i>=</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-71"><a href="#Missing_or_empty_%7Ctitle="><span class="tocnumber">68</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Missing or empty |title= </span></span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-72"><a href="#Bare_URL_without_a_title"><span class="tocnumber">68.1</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Bare URL without a title</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-73"><a href="#Citation_without_a_title_of_any_form"><span class="tocnumber">68.2</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Citation without a title of any form</span></span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-74"><a href="#Missing_or_empty_%7Curl="><span class="tocnumber">69</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Missing or empty |url= </span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-75"><a href="#Missing_pipe"><span class="tocnumber">70</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Missing pipe</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-76"><a href="#More_than_one_of_%7C<param1>=,_%7C<param2>=,_and_%7C<param3>=_specified"><span class="tocnumber">71</span> <span class="toctext"><span>More than one of |<param1>=, |<param2>=, and |<param3>= specified</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-77"><a href="#%7Cpage(s)=_has_extra_text"><span class="tocnumber">72</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|page(s)= has extra text</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-78"><a href="#%7C<param>-access=_requires_%7C<param>="><span class="tocnumber">73</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|<param>-access= requires |<param>=</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-79"><a href="#%7C<param>=_has_numeric_name"><span class="tocnumber">74</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|<param>= has numeric name</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-80"><a href="#%7C<periodical>=_ignored"><span class="tocnumber">75</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|<periodical>= ignored</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-81"><a href="#%7Cpmc-embargo-date=_requires_%7Cpmc="><span class="tocnumber">76</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|pmc-embargo-date= requires |pmc=</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-82"><a href="#%7Cssrn=_required"><span class="tocnumber">77</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|ssrn= required</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-83"><a href="#Text_%22????%22_ignored"><span class="tocnumber">78</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Text "????" ignored</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-84"><a href="#%7Ctrans-<param>=_requires_%7C<param>=_or_%7Cscript-<param>="><span class="tocnumber">79</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|trans-<param>= requires |<param>= or |script-<param>=</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-85"><a href="#Unknown_parameter_%7C<param>=_ignored"><span class="tocnumber">80</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Unknown parameter |<param>= ignored<span> </span></span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-86"><a href="#URL%E2%80%93wikilink_conflict"><span class="tocnumber">81</span> <span class="toctext"><span>URL–wikilink conflict</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-87"><a href="#Vancouver_style_error"><span class="tocnumber">82</span> <span class="toctext"><span>Vancouver style error</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-88"><a href="#%7Cvolume=_has_extra_text"><span class="tocnumber">83</span> <span class="toctext"><span>|volume= has extra text</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-89"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">84</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-90"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">85</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Controlling_error_message_display" data-mw-thread-id="h-Controlling_error_message_display"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Controlling_error_message_display"></span>Controlling error message display<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Controlling_error_message_display"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preview_messages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Preview_messages-Controlling_error_message_display"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Preview_messages-Controlling_error_message_display"></span>Preview messages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Preview_messages-Controlling_error_message_display"></span></h3></div> <p>When editors preview an article, MediaWiki displays a preview message box under the Preview header. When <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates have error or maintenance messages, <a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a> summarizes those messages in the preview message box. Such a message box might look something like this: </p> <div style="margin-left:1.6em; display: block" class="cdx-message cdx-message--warning"> <p>This is only a preview; your changes have not yet been saved! <span class="mw-continue-editing"> <a href="#editform">→ Go to editing area</a></span> </p><p>Script warning: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#3a3">One or more <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</span> templates have maintenance messages</span>; messages may be hidden (<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Controlling_error_message_display">help</a>). </p><p>Script warning: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#d33">One or more <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</span> templates have errors</span>; messages may be hidden (<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Controlling_error_message_display">help</a>). </p> </div> <p>The summary messages have three components: </p> <ol><li>'Script warning:' – this prefix is provided by MediaWiki;</li> <li>a colored (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#3a3">green maintenance</span> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#d33">red error</span>) message that identifies the type of template that has a message with a link to that template's documentation; wrapper templates with messages will show the name of the wrapped template, and;</li> <li>'messages may be hidden' – the message suffix with a help link to this page.</li></ol> <p>Preview messages in the preview message box cannot be hidden. The preview message suffix 'messages may be hidden' means that the template's message(s) may not be visible. To learn how to show or hide template messages, see the next section (<a href="#Error_and_maintenance_messages">§ Error and maintenance messages</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Error_and_maintenance_messages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Error_and_maintenance_messages-Controlling_error_message_display"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Error_and_maintenance_messages-Controlling_error_message_display"></span>Error and maintenance messages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Error_and_maintenance_messages-Controlling_error_message_display"></span></h3></div> <p>By default, <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> <span style="color:#d33">error messages</span> are visible to all readers and <span style="color:#3a3">maintenance messages</span> are hidden from all readers. </p><p>To display <span style="color:#3a3">maintenance messages</span> in the rendered article, include the following text in your common <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Stylesheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Stylesheets">CSS</a> page (<a href="/wiki/Special:MyPage/common.css" title="Special:MyPage/common.css">common.css</a>) or your specific skin's CSS page and (<a href="/wiki/Special:MyPage/skin.css" title="Special:MyPage/skin.css">skin.css</a>). </p><p>(Note to new editors: those CSS pages are specific to you, and control your view of pages, by adding to your user account's <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a> code. If you have not yet created such a page, then clicking one of the <code>.css</code> links above will yield a page that starts "Wikipedia does not have a <a href="/wiki/User_page" class="mw-redirect" title="User page">user page</a> with this exact name." Click the "Start the User:<i>username</i>/<i>filename</i> page" link, paste the text below, save the page, follow the instructions at the bottom of the new page on bypassing your browser's cache, and finally, in order to see the previously hidden maintenance messages, refresh the page you were editing earlier.) </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-css mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">mw-parser-output</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">cs1-maint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="k">display</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">inline</span><span class="p">;}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c">/* display Citation Style 1 maintenance messages */</span> </pre></div> <p>To display hidden-by-default <span style="color:#d33">error messages</span>: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-css mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">mw-parser-output</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">cs1-hidden-error</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="k">display</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">inline</span><span class="p">;}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c">/* display hidden Citation Style 1 error messages */</span> </pre></div> <p>Even with this CSS installed, older pages in Wikipedia's cache may not have been updated to show these error messages even though the page is listed in one of the tracking categories. A <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NULLEDIT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NULLEDIT">null edit</a> will resolve that issue. </p><p>After (error and/maintenance) messages are displayed, it might still not be easy to find them in a large article with a lot of citations. Messages can then be found by searching (with Ctrl-F) for "(help)" or "cs1". </p><p>To hide normally-displayed <span style="color:#d33">error messages</span>: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-css mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">mw-parser-output</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">cs1-visible-error</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="k">display</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">none</span><span class="p">;}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c">/* hide Citation Style 1 error messages */</span> </pre></div> <p>You can personalize the display of these messages (such as changing the color), but you will need to ask someone who knows CSS or at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VPT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VPT">the technical village pump</a> if you do not understand how. </p><p><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Nota bene</i></span>: these CSS rules are not obeyed by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_popups" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups">Navigation popups</a>. They also do not hide script warning messages in the Preview box that begin with "This is only a preview; your changes have not yet been saved". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Properties_category_highlighting" data-mw-thread-id="h-Properties_category_highlighting-Controlling_error_message_display"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Properties_category_highlighting-Controlling_error_message_display"></span>Properties category highlighting<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Properties_category_highlighting-Controlling_error_message_display"></span></h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a> adds properties categories to some CS1|2 citations. Unlike errors or maintenance needs, there is no message when a properties category is added. Properties categories may be temporary or may be perpetual. Editors can use CSS to add special styling to CS1|2 template renderings that will highlight a citation that added a properties category. For example, this template uses a long volume name: </p> <dl><dd><code>{{cite book |title=Title |date=May–Jun 2021 |volume = 1: Long volume}}</code> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><i>Title</i>. Vol. 1: Long volume. May–Jun 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Title&rft.date=2021-05%2F2021-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACS1+errors" class="Z3988"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>If you add this to your CSS that citation will render with a <span style="background-color: #FFC;color:black;">pale yellow</span> background: </p> <dl><dd><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-css mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">cs1-prop-long-vol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="k">background</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mh">#FFC</span><span class="p">;}</span> </pre></div></dd></dl> <p>Add one or more of these (with appropriate styling) to your CSS to highlight template renderings when those templates add the associated properties category: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-css mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span></code> – subcategories of <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_foreign_language_sources" title="Category:CS1 foreign language sources">Category:CS1 foreign language sources</a></dd> <dd><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-css mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span></code> – <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_foreign_language_sources_(ISO_639-2)" title="Category:CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)">Category:CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)</a></dd> <dd><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-css mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span></code> – author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator name(s) linked to another language Wikipedia</dd> <dd><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-css mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">cs1-prop-interproj-linked-name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span></code> – author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator name(s) linked to another MediaWiki project</dd> <dd><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-css mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">cs1-prop-location-test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span></code> – <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_location_test" title="Category:CS1 location test">Category:CS1 location test</a></dd> <dd><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-css mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">cs1-prop-long-vol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span></code> – <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">Category:CS1: long volume value</a></dd> <dd><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-css mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">cs1-prop-script</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span></code> – subcategories of <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_foreign_language_script" title="Category:CS1 uses foreign language script">Category:CS1 uses foreign language script</a></dd> <dd><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-css mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">cs1-prop-tracked-param</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span></code> – subcategories of <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_tracked_parameters" title="Category:CS1 tracked parameters">Category:CS1 tracked parameters</a></dd> <dd><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-css mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">cs1-prop-year-range-abbreviated</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span></code> – <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_abbreviated_year_range" title="Category:CS1: abbreviated year range">Category:CS1: abbreviated year range</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><br> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Most_common_errors" data-mw-thread-id="h-Most_common_errors"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Most_common_errors"></span>Most common errors<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Most_common_errors"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <ul><li><a href="#Cite_<template>_requires_%7C<param>=">#Cite <template> requires |<param>=</a>, ~43k pages</li> <li><a href="#<periodical>=_ignored">#<periodical>= ignored</a>, ~26k pages</li> <li><a href="#Cite_uses_generic_name">#Cite uses generic name</a>, ~25k pages</li> <li><a href="#Citation_without_a_title_of_any_form">#Citation without a title of any form</a>, ~20k pages</li> <li><a href="#Bare_URL_without_a_title">#Bare URL without a title</a>, ~11k pages</li></ul> <p><br> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors" title="Category:CS1 errors">Category:CS1 errors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maintenance" title="Category:CS1 maintenance">Category:CS1 maintenance</a></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|access-date=_requires_|url=" data-mw-thread-id="h-|access-date=_requires_|url="><span id=".7Caccess-date.3D_requires_.7Curl.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|access-date=_requires_|url="></span><span id="accessdate_missing_url">|access-date= requires |url= </span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|access-date=_requires_|url="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|access-date=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code></span> </p><p>The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|access-date=</code> is the date that the online resource addressed by <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> was added to the article. If <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|access-date=</code> has been included in the citation without <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> then this message appears. If the citation does not use a web link, then <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|access-date=</code> is redundant and should be removed. </p><p>When the online resource has a publication or other fixed date associated with it, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|access-date=</code> is of limited value though may be useful in identifying an appropriate archived version of the resource. Without <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|access-date=</code> is not considered useful. </p><p>To resolve this error, provide a value for <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> or remove <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|access-date=</code>. Editors should try to determine why the citation has <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|access-date=</code> without <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code>. For example, the citation may never have had a <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code>, or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> may have been removed because it links to a site that violates the creator's copyright (see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COPYLINK" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:COPYLINK">WP:COPYLINK</a>), or because <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> was deemed to be dead. If the citation never had <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> or it was removed for copyright violations, remove <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|access-date=</code>. When a dead <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> has been removed, restore the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> and if possible repair it (see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:LINKROT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LINKROT">WP:LINKROT</a>). </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_access-date_without_URL" title="Category:CS1 errors: access-date without URL">Category:CS1 errors: access-date without URL</a> (19 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|archive-date=_/_|archive-url=_timestamp_mismatch" data-mw-thread-id="h-|archive-date=_/_|archive-url=_timestamp_mismatch"><span id=".7Carchive-date.3D_.2F_.7Carchive-url.3D_timestamp_mismatch"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|archive-date=_/_|archive-url=_timestamp_mismatch"></span><span id="archive_date_url_ts_mismatch">|archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|archive-date=_/_|archive-url=_timestamp_mismatch"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> timestamp mismatch; $1 suggested</span> </p><p>Archive.org and Archive.today URLs have a 14-digit snapshot timestamp. This error message is displayed when the archive snapshot date is not the same as the date stated in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-date=</code>. </p><p>To resolve this error, make sure that <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-url=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-date=</code> refer to the same snapshot. This could mean that values assigned to either or both parameters need to be updated. To get the correct <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-date=</code> value, view the archived page's source, looking for a line near the bottom that starts with "FILE ARCHIVED ON". The archive date should appear on that line. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_archive-url" title="Category:CS1 errors: archive-url">Category:CS1 errors: archive-url</a> (30 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pages with this error in the tracking category can be fixed by the bot <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WAYBACKMEDIC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WAYBACKMEDIC">WP:WAYBACKMEDIC</a>. Requests to run the bot can be made at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:URLREQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:URLREQ">WP:URLREQ</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|archive-date=_requires_|archive-url=" data-mw-thread-id="h-|archive-date=_requires_|archive-url="><span id=".7Carchive-date.3D_requires_.7Carchive-url.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|archive-date=_requires_|archive-url="></span><span id="archive_date_missing_url">|archive-date= requires |archive-url= </span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|archive-date=_requires_|archive-url="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code></span> </p><p><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-date=</code>, identifies the date that the web resource was archived. Without a matching <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-url=</code> parameter, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-date=</code> is meaningless. </p><p>To resolve this error, provide a value for <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-url=</code> or remove <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-date=</code> </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_archive-url" title="Category:CS1 errors: archive-url">Category:CS1 errors: archive-url</a> (30 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|archive-url=_is_malformed" data-mw-thread-id="h-|archive-url=_is_malformed"><span id=".7Carchive-url.3D_is_malformed"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|archive-url=_is_malformed"></span><span id="archive_url">|archive-url= is malformed </span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|archive-url=_is_malformed"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> is malformed: <reason></span> </p><p>Archive.org allows a variety of URLs to access snapshots of an archived page. Some of these are: </p> <dl><dd><code>https://web.archive.org/web/YYYYMMDD<wbr></wbr>hhmmss/http://www.example.com</code> – a single snapshot; this is the preferred form for use with <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-url=</code></dd> <dd><code>https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://<wbr></wbr>www.example.com</code> – a wildcard search results page; useful for locating an appropriate snapshot but not appropriate in a citation</dd> <dd><code>https://web.archive.org/web/<wbr></wbr>201603/http://www.example.com</code> – incomplete timestamp; archive.org returns the most recent snapshot</dd> <dd><code>https://web.archive.org/save/http://<wbr></wbr>www.example.com</code> – saves a new snapshot of the current target; do not use this form</dd></dl> <p>There are two forms of the basic URL: </p> <dl><dd><code>https://web.archive.org/<<i>timestamp</i>>/...</code> – the old form</dd> <dd><code>https://web.archive.org/<b>web/</b><<i>timestamp</i>><<i>flags</i>>/...</code> – the new form</dd></dl> <p>The error message identifies the reason for the message. The reasons are: </p> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="error">save command</span></span> – the archive.org URL is the save command</dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="error">path</span></span> – <b>web/</b> was expected but something else was found</dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="error">timestamp</span></span> – the timestamp portion of the URL path is not 14 digits</dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="error">flag</span></span> – the flag portion of the URL path (if present; new form URLs only) is not 2 lowercase letters followed by an underscore: 'id_'</dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="error">liveweb</span></span> – <code>liveweb.archive.org</code> is a deprecated form of the domain name</dd></dl> <p>When the archive.org URL has any of these errors, Module:Citation/CS1 does not link to archive.org in normal article view and emits an appropriate error message. </p><p>However, in article preview mode, the module creates a modified link to archive.org that uses a partial timestamp with <code>*</code> wildcard suffix. This new URL links to an archive.org calendar view so that editors may more easily select a suitable archived snapshot from those available at archive.org to fix the malformed <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-url=</code> link. (If no snapshots have been archived at archive.org, and the cited page is still live, this link also allows editors to save the first snapshot of the page at archive.org.) </p><p>To resolve this error, choose the URL of an appropriate snapshot from those held at archive.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/web/">Search for the target URL</a> at archive.org. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_archive-url" title="Category:CS1 errors: archive-url">Category:CS1 errors: archive-url</a> (30 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|archive-url=_requires_|archive-date=" data-mw-thread-id="h-|archive-url=_requires_|archive-date="><span id=".7Carchive-url.3D_requires_.7Carchive-date.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|archive-url=_requires_|archive-date="></span><span id="archive_missing_date">|archive-url= requires |archive-date= </span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|archive-url=_requires_|archive-date="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code></span> </p><p><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-date=</code>, identifies the date that the web resource was archived. </p><p>To resolve this error, provide a value for <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-date=</code> (see acceptable date formats in <a href="/wiki/MOS:DATEFORMAT" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:DATEFORMAT">MOS:DATEFORMAT</a>). For web resources archived at archive.org,<sup id="cite_ref-archive.org_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the archival date can be found in the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-url=</code>; for resources archived at webcitation.org,<sup id="cite_ref-webcitation.org_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webcitation.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the cache date is included in the archive header. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_archive-url" title="Category:CS1 errors: archive-url">Category:CS1 errors: archive-url</a> (30 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|archive-url=_requires_|url=" data-mw-thread-id="h-|archive-url=_requires_|url="><span id=".7Carchive-url.3D_requires_.7Curl.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|archive-url=_requires_|url="></span><span id="archive_missing_url">|archive-url= requires |url= </span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|archive-url=_requires_|url="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code></span> </p><p>A properly formatted citation that includes <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-url=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-date=</code> requires <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code>. When the citation includes <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url-status=live</code>, the ordering of elements in the rendered citation is changed to put the original URL first. </p><p>To resolve this error, provide a value for <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code>. For web resources archived at archive.org,<sup id="cite_ref-archive.org_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the original URL can be found in the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-url=</code> value; for resources archived at webcitation.org,<sup id="cite_ref-webcitation.org_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webcitation.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the original URL is included in the archive header. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_archive-url" title="Category:CS1 errors: archive-url">Category:CS1 errors: archive-url</a> (30 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|arxiv=_required" data-mw-thread-id="h-|arxiv=_required"><span id=".7Carxiv.3D_required"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|arxiv=_required"></span><span id="arxiv_missing">|arxiv= required</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|arxiv=_required"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|arxiv=</code> required</span> </p><p><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_arXiv" title="Template:Cite arXiv">cite arXiv</a>}}</code> requires one, but not both, of the identifier parameters <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|arxiv=</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|eprint=</code> to specify an <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a> identifier. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the template has <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|arxiv=</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|eprint=</code> with a properly constructed value. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_arXiv" title="Category:CS1 errors: arXiv">Category:CS1 errors: arXiv</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|asin-tld=_requires_|asin=" data-mw-thread-id="h-|asin-tld=_requires_|asin="><span id=".7Casin-tld.3D_requires_.7Casin.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|asin-tld=_requires_|asin="></span><span id="asintld_missing_asin">|asin-tld= requires |asin=</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|asin-tld=_requires_|asin="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|asin-tld=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|asin=</code></span> </p><p>When <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|asin-tld=</code> is used in a CS1|2 template, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|asin=</code> (with value) must also be present. </p><p>To resolve this error, either add the missing ASIN or remove the 'broken' parameter. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_ASIN_TLD" title="Category:CS1 errors: ASIN TLD">Category:CS1 errors: ASIN TLD</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|biorxiv=_required" data-mw-thread-id="h-|biorxiv=_required"><span id=".7Cbiorxiv.3D_required"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|biorxiv=_required"></span><span id="biorxiv_missing">|biorxiv= required</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|biorxiv=_required"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|biorxiv=</code> required</span> </p><p><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_bioRxiv" title="Template:Cite bioRxiv">cite bioRxiv</a>}}</code> requires the identifier parameter <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|biorxiv=</code>. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the template has <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|biorxiv=</code> with a properly constructed value. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_bioRxiv" title="Category:CS1 errors: bioRxiv">Category:CS1 errors: bioRxiv</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|chapter=_ignored" data-mw-thread-id="h-|chapter=_ignored"><span id=".7Cchapter.3D_ignored"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|chapter=_ignored"></span><span id="chapter_ignored">|chapter= ignored</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|chapter=_ignored"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|chapter=</code> ignored</span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> templates <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine" title="Template:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_press_release" title="Template:Cite press release">cite press release</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_podcast" title="Template:Cite podcast">cite podcast</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_newsgroup" title="Template:Cite newsgroup">cite newsgroup</a>}}</code>, as well as template <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code> when it uses <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|work=</code> or any of its aliases, do not support <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter=</code> and its components <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|trans-chapter=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|script-chapter=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter-url=</code>, and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter-format=</code>. The alias parameters <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contribution=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|entry=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|article=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|section=</code>, and their components, are similarly not supported. </p><p>To resolve this error: </p> <ul><li>use a more appropriate citation template, or</li> <li>place the content of the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter=</code> parameter in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code>, or</li> <li>for <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|department=</code> can be used to give the name of the newspaper's section, such as "Obituaries", or</li> <li>for <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, remove <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|work=</code> or its aliases such as <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|website=</code> and place their content in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code> if appropriate</li> <li>move the content of the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter=</code> parameter out of the template, before the closing </ref></li></ul> <p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_chapter_ignored" title="Category:CS1 errors: chapter ignored">Category:CS1 errors: chapter ignored</a> (1 page).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="<char>_character_in_|<param>=_at_position_n" data-mw-thread-id="h-<char>_character_in_|<param>=_at_position_n"><span id=".3Cchar.3E_character_in_.7C.3Cparam.3E.3D_at_position_n"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-<char>_character_in_|<param>=_at_position_n"></span><span id="invisible_char"><char> character in |<param>= at position <i>n</i></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-<char>_character_in_|<param>=_at_position_n"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><char> character in <code class="cs1-code">|<param>=</code> at position <var style="padding-right: 1px;">n</var></span> </p><p>This error is reported for citations with parameter values that contain invisible or non-printable characters known as <a href="/wiki/Control_character" title="Control character">control characters</a>; the error includes the position at which the character can be found. <a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a> detects parameter values that contain any of these characters: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-breaking_space" title="Non-breaking space">non-breaking space</a>, U+00A0</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_hyphen" title="Soft hyphen">soft hyphen</a>, U+00AD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replacement_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Replacement character">replacement character</a>, U+FFFD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair space">hair space</a>, U+200A</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-width_space" title="Zero-width space">zero-width space</a>, U+200B</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-width_joiner" title="Zero-width joiner">zero-width joiner</a>, U+200D (note that these are permitted as part of emoji modifiers; see note below)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_tab" class="mw-redirect" title="Horizontal tab">horizontal tab</a>, U+0009 (HT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_feed" class="mw-redirect" title="Line feed">line feed</a>, U+0010 (LF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carriage_return" title="Carriage return">carriage return</a>, U+0013 (CR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delete_character" title="Delete character">delete character</a>, U+007F (DEL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C0 control</a>, U+0000–U+001F (NULL–US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C1 control</a>, U+0080–U+009F (XXX–APC)</li></ul> <p>To resolve invisible-character errors, remove or replace the identified character. Most intentional white-space characters should be replaced with a normal space character (i.e. press your keyboard's space bar). See <a href="/wiki/MOS:NBSP" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:NBSP">MOS:NBSP</a> for guidance on insertion of intentional non-breaking spaces. </p><p>Because these characters are mostly invisible, the error message identifies the character's position in the parameter value counted from the left. Space characters between the assignment operator (the '=' sign) and the parameter value are not counted. If you move through the citation with the arrow keys then the cursor may stand still once at an invisible character, which can be removed with <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Delete</kbd> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">← Backspace</kbd>. If you copy-paste a string to the "Characters" field at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://r12a.github.io/app-conversion/">https://r12a.github.io/app-conversion/</a> and click "View in UniView" then the position and name of all characters is shown. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Zero-width_joiner" title="Zero-width joiner">Zero-width joiner</a> characters (U+200D) are used as a valid part of emoji modification (for example, adding a skull emoji to a flag emoji to create a pirate flag emoji). When new modifiers are added to the emoji character set, which happens one or two times per year, those modifiers need to be added to the Citation Style 1 "Configuration" module. Editors can request this addition at <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Citation_Style_1" title="Help talk:Citation Style 1">Help talk:Citation Style 1</a>. </p><p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><name> stripmarker in <code class="cs1-code">|<param>=</code> at position <var style="padding-right: 1px;">n</var></span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Help:Strip_markers" title="Help:Strip markers">Strip markers</a> are special sequences of characters that <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a> inserts as a place-holder for certain <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>-like tags. These tags include <code class="nowrap" style=""><gallery>...</gallery></code>, <code class="nowrap" style=""><math>...</math></code>, <code class="nowrap" style=""><nowiki>...</nowiki></code>, <code class="nowrap" style=""><pre>...</pre></code>, and <code class="nowrap" style=""><ref>...</ref></code>. The strip markers are replaced with content before the final page rendering. The module ignores math and nowiki strip markers. </p><p>To resolve strip marker errors, remove or replace the identified tag. The error message identifies the strip marker's position in the parameter value counted from the left. Space characters between the assignment operator (the '=' sign) and the parameter value are not counted when calculating the position. </p><p>Strip marker errors can also be caused by unsupported additional text or templates in parameter values—for example, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:ISBN" title="Template:ISBN">ISBN</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code>. Resolve the problem by moving the extraneous text outside the citation template, or by removing the extraneous text or template markup, as appropriate. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_invisible_characters" title="Category:CS1 errors: invisible characters">Category:CS1 errors: invisible characters</a> (15 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|arxiv=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|arxiv=_value"><span id="Check_.7Carxiv.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|arxiv=_value"></span><span id="bad_arxiv">Check |arxiv= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|arxiv=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|arxiv=</code> value</span> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates contain <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|arxiv=</code>, a test is done to see if the <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a> identifier conforms with the arXiv identifier scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The identifier is checked for a valid number of digits in the article id; valid year and month values; and properly-placed hyphens, slashes, and dots. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|arxiv=</code> value is correct. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_arXiv" title="Category:CS1 errors: arXiv">Category:CS1 errors: arXiv</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|asin=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|asin=_value"><span id="Check_.7Casin.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|asin=_value"></span><span id="bad_asin">Check |asin= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|asin=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|asin=</code> value</span> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates contain <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|asin=</code>, a test is done to see if the <a href="/wiki/ASIN" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN">ASIN</a> identifier contains ten upper-case alphanumeric characters without punctuation or spaces and that if the first character is numeric, that the ASIN conforms to the rules for a ten-digit <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|asin=</code> value is correct. </p><p>If the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|asin=</code> value is correct and all-numeric, use <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|isbn=</code> instead and delete any <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|asin-tld=</code> parameters. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_ASIN" title="Category:CS1 errors: ASIN">Category:CS1 errors: ASIN</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|asin-tld=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|asin-tld=_value"><span id="Check_.7Casin-tld.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|asin-tld=_value"></span><span id="bad_asin_tld">Check |asin-tld= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|asin-tld=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|asin-tld=</code> value</span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates contain a test for known <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|asin-tld=</code> values to specify the <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">top-level domain</a> (TLD) of a given <a href="/wiki/ASIN" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN">ASIN</a> identifier link. The list of currently supported values is: </p><p><code>ae</code>, <code>au</code>, <code>br</code>, <code>ca</code>, <code>cn</code>, <code>de</code>, <code>es</code>, <code>fr</code>, <code>in</code>, <code>it</code>, <code>jp</code>, <code>mx</code>, <code>nl</code>, <code>pl</code>, <code>sa</code>, <code>se</code>, <code>sg</code>, <code>tr</code>, <code>uk</code> </p><p>It is not necessary to provide <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|asin-tld=</code> to specify the default (United States). If you want to specify this condition explicitly, a pseudo-value of <code>us</code> can be given to denote this. </p><p>All these values are automatically resolved to the correct TLD following one of the schemes <code><i>nn</i></code>, <code>com.<i>nn</i></code>, <code>co.<i>nn</i></code>, <code>z.<i>nn</i></code>, and <code>com</code>. </p><p>If an unsupported value is encountered, the template will issue this error message. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|asin-tld=</code> value is correct. </p><p>If the value is correct, please report this at <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Citation_Style_1" title="Help talk:Citation Style 1">Help talk:Citation Style 1</a>, so that it can be added to the list of supported values. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_ASIN_TLD" title="Category:CS1 errors: ASIN TLD">Category:CS1 errors: ASIN TLD</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|bibcode=_<message>" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|bibcode=_<message>"><span id="Check_.7Cbibcode.3D_.3Cmessage.3E"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|bibcode=_<message>"></span><span id="bad_bibcode">Check |bibcode= <message></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|bibcode=_<message>"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|bibcode=</code> <message></span> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates contain <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|bibcode=</code>, a test is done to see if the <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">bibcode</a> identifier has the proper format.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bibcodes are expected to match these requirements: </p> <dl><dd>length must be 19 characters (<message> = '<span class="error" style="font-size:100%">length</span>')</dd> <dd>characters in position(s): (except as specified otherwise, violations produce '<span class="error" style="font-size:100%">value</span>' in the <message> portion of the error message): <dl><dd>1–4 must be digits and must represent a year in the range of 1000 – next year (<message> = '<span class="error" style="font-size:100%">year</span>')</dd> <dd>5 must be a letter</dd> <dd>6–8 must be a letter, ampersand, or dot (ampersand cannot directly precede a dot; &. (<message> = '<span class="error" style="font-size:100%">journal</span>'))</dd> <dd>9 must be a letter or dot</dd> <dd>10–18 must be a letter, digit, or dot</dd> <dd>19 must be a letter or dot</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|bibcode=</code> value is correct. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_bibcode" title="Category:CS1 errors: bibcode">Category:CS1 errors: bibcode</a> (1 page).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(18)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|biorxiv=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|biorxiv=_value"><span id="Check_.7Cbiorxiv.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|biorxiv=_value"></span><span id="bad_biorxiv">Check |biorxiv= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|biorxiv=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-18 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-18"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|biorxiv=</code> value</span> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates contain <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|biorxiv=</code>, a test is done to see if the <a href="/wiki/BioRxiv" title="BioRxiv">bioRxiv</a> identifier has the proper form. There are two valid forms, each beginning with bioRxiv's doi directory indicator and registrant code (10.1101) and followed by: </p> <dl><dd>six numeric characters without punctuation or spaces: <dl><dd><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|biorxiv=10.1101/######</code> <dl><dd><code>######</code> – 6-digit bioRxiv identifier</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd> <dd>ymd format date prefix followed by six numeric characters without punctuation or spaces followed by optional version: <dl><dd><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|biorxiv=10.1101/yyyy.mm.dd.######v#</code> where: <dl><dd><code>yyyy.mm.dd.</code> – represents a date no earlier than 11 December 2019 (<code>2019.12.11.</code>) and no later than tomorrow's date; date must be a valid date</dd> <dd><code>######</code> – 6-digit bioRxiv identifier</dd> <dd><code>v#</code> – optional version indicator</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>A common error is to include the bioRxiv <i>URL</i> (<code><span style="color: red;">https://dx.doi.org/</span>10.1101/######}}</code>). </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|biorxiv=</code> value is correct. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_bioRxiv" title="Category:CS1 errors: bioRxiv">Category:CS1 errors: bioRxiv</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(19)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|citeseerx=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|citeseerx=_value"><span id="Check_.7Cciteseerx.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|citeseerx=_value"></span><span id="bad_citeseerx">Check |citeseerx= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|citeseerx=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-19 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-19"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|citeseerx=</code> value</span> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates contain <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|citeseerx=</code>, a test is done to see if the <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX" title="CiteSeerX">CiteSeerX</a> identifier has the proper format. The expected identifier is the value assigned to the <code>?doi=</code> query key in the URL of a CiteSeerX document. (This query key should not be confused with a <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Object Identifier">Digital Object Identifier</a>: it should not be input as <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|doi=</code>.) </p><p>For instance, if you want to link to <code><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.220.7880">http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.220.7880</a></code>, use <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|citeseerx=10.1.1.220.7880</code>. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_citeseerx" title="Category:CS1 errors: citeseerx">Category:CS1 errors: citeseerx</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(20)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_date_values_in:_|<param1>=,_|<param2>=,_..." data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_date_values_in:_|<param1>=,_|<param2>=,_..."><span id="Check_date_values_in:_.7C.3Cparam1.3E.3D.2C_.7C.3Cparam2.3E.3D.2C_..."></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_date_values_in:_|<param1>=,_|<param2>=,_..."></span><span id="bad_date">Check date values in: |<param1>=, |<param2>=, ...</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_date_values_in:_|<param1>=,_|<param2>=,_..."></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-20 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-20"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|<param1>=</code>, <code class="cs1-code">|<param2>=</code>, ...</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|year=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">|date=</code> mismatch</span></li></ul> </div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates contain date-holding parameters, an automated test is done to see if the dates are real dates that comply with a <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1#Date_format_compliance_with_Wikipedia's_Manual_of_Style" title="Help:Citation Style 1">subset of the date rules</a> in Wikipedia's Manual of Style, specifically checking for violations of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Dates_and_years" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">MOS:DATEFORMAT</a>. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the date is an actual date and that the date format follows the <a href="/wiki/MOS:DATEFORMAT" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:DATEFORMAT">Wikipedia Manual of Style's guidance on dates</a> in the named parameter. See <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#ExamplesOfUnacceptableDates">examples of unacceptable dates and how to fix them</a>, below. Or, some conceptual issues to look for: </p> <ul><li>impossible dates, such as 29 February 2011 (2011 was not a leap year)</li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|access-date=</code> must specify a day, not just a month or year</li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-date=</code> must specify a whole date</li> <li>misplaced, incorrect, or extraneous punctuation</li> <li>misplaced, incorrect, or extraneous spacing</li> <li>extraneous text</li> <li>hyphens or slashes instead of en dashes in date ranges (en dashes are required)</li> <li>misspelling or improper capitalization (see <a href="/wiki/MOS:ALLCAPS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:ALLCAPS">MOS:ALLCAPS</a> for more detail that is not in <a href="/wiki/MOS:DATEFORMAT" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:DATEFORMAT">Wikipedia Manual of Style's guidance on dates</a>)</li> <li>other unacceptable date formats listed in <a href="/wiki/MOS:BADDATEFORMAT" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:BADDATEFORMAT">MOS:BADDATEFORMAT</a></li> <li>more than one date in a date-holding parameter</li> <li>days of the week (such as Monday, June 6 instead of June 6)</li> <li>years before 100 AD, including BCE/BC dates. Try using parameter <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|orig-date=</code> instead.</li></ul> <p>See <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1#CS1_compliance_with_Wikipedia.27s_Manual_of_Style" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Help: Citation Style 1</a> for information about limitations in the CS1 citation templates' handling of date formats. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:DATERANGE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:DATERANGE">The MOS section on date ranges</a> describes how to separate dates in a date range. Do not use <code>&nbsp;</code>, <code>&ndash;</code>, or <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Spaced_ndash" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Spaced ndash">spaced ndash</a>}}</code> as these corrupt the metadata. To add an en dash, use the <a href="/wiki/Help:CharInsert#Insert" title="Help:CharInsert">CharInsert</a> edit tool or see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_make_dashes" title="Wikipedia:How to make dashes">Wikipedia:How to make dashes</a>. You may also copy and paste this one: –. A bot is often able to correct the separator, provided the overall format is unambiguous. </p><p>Future dates in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|date=</code> in CS1|2 citations are limited to current year + 1; that is, for 2024, citation dates in 2025 are acceptable but citation dates in 2026 and beyond are not. </p><p>Dates prior to 1582 are treated as <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> dates. Dates from 1582 onward are treated as <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> dates. The Julian calendar was used in some places until approximately 1923. Three Julian calendar dates in the overlap period, 29 February in the years 1700, 1800, and 1900, will cause this error message because those years are not leap years in the Gregorian calendar. </p><p>The access date (in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|access-date=</code>) is checked to ensure that it contains a full date (day, month, and year) and is between 15 January 2001 (the founding date of Wikipedia) and today's date plus one day, because it represents the date that an editor viewed a web-based source to verify a statement on Wikipedia. Because editors may be in time zones that are one day ahead of the UTC date, one extra day is accepted. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_dates" title="Category:CS1 errors: dates">Category:CS1 errors: dates</a> (272 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="anchor" id="Date_Fix_Table"></span><span class="anchor" id="Dates"></span><span class="anchor" id="DateFixTable"></span> <span class="anchor" id="ExamplesOfUnacceptableDates"></span> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Examples of unacceptable dates and how to fix them </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Issue</th> <th>Unacceptable</th> <th>Acceptable </th></tr> <tr> <td>Hyphen in date range (use en dash)</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=2002<span style="color: red;">-</span>2003</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=2002<span style="color:green;">–</span>2003</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Slash in date range (use en dash)</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=2002<span style="color: red;">/</span>2003</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=July<span style="color: red;">/</span>August 2003</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=2002<span style="color:green;">–</span>2003</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=July<span style="color:green;">–</span>August 2003</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hyphen in date range (use en dash)</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=April<span style="color: red;">-</span>May 2004</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=April<span style="color:green;">–</span>May 2004</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Missing space around en dash for range of full dates</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=April 2003<span style="color: red;">–</span>May 2004</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=April 2003 <span style="color:green;">–</span> May 2004</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Month capitalization</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=28 <span style="color: red;">f</span>ebruary 1900</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=28 <span style="color:green;">F</span>ebruary 1900</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Month capitalization</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=28 F<span style="color: red;">EBRUARY</span> 1900</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=28 F<span style="color:green;">ebruary</span> 1900</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Season capitalization</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color: red;">s</span>pring 2011</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">S</span>pring 2011</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Future date (typo)</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=2<span style="color: red;">10</span>2</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=2<span style="color:green;">01</span>2</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Access date in future (see note above)</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|access-date=<span style="color: red;">November 29, 2024</span></code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|access-date=November 27, 2024</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Access date impossibly far in the past (typo)</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|access-date=1 January 20<span style="color: red;">01</span></code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|access-date=1 January 20<span style="color:green;">10</span></code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Access date only specifies month</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|access-date=<span style="color: red;">January</span> 2015</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|access-date=<span style="color:green;">12 January</span> 2015</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ambiguous date range or year and month</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=2002-<span style="color: red;">03</span></code></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=2002–<span style="color:green;">20</span>03</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">March</span> 2002</code></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bad abbreviation</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color: red;">Febr.</span> 28, 1900</code></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">Feb</span> 28, 1900</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">February</span> 28, 1900</code></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nonexistent date</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color: red;">February 29, 1900</span></code></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Undated</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color: red;">Undated</span></code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">n.d.</span></code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Comma in month and year</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=February<span style="color: red;">,</span> 1900</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=February 1900</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Comma in season</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=Winter<span style="color: red;">,</span> 1900–1901</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=Winter 1900–1901</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Missing comma in format which requires it</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color: red;">February 28 1900</span></code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=February 28<span style="color:green;">,</span> 1900</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=28 February 1900</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=1900-02-28</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Non-date text</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=2008<span style="color: red;">, originally 2000</span></code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=2008</code> <span style="color:green;"><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|orig-date=2000</code></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zero-padding</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=January <span style="color: red;">04</span>, 1987</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=January <span style="color:green;">4</span>, 1987</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Date with slashes</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=12<span style="color: red;">/</span>6<span style="color: red;">/</span>87</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">December 6, 19</span>87</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">6 December 19</span>87</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">1987-12-06</span></code><br>or<br><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">12 June 19</span>87</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">June 12, 19</span>87</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">1987-06-12</span></code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two-digit year</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color: red;">87</span>-12-06</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">19</span>87-12-06</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>One-digit month or day</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=2007-<span style="color: red;">3</span>-<span style="color: red;">6</span></code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=2007-<span style="color:green;">03</span>-<span style="color:green;">06</span></code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wikified date</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color: red;">[[</span>April 1<span style="color: red;">]]</span>, <span style="color: red;">[[</span>1999<span style="color: red;">]]</span> </code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">April 1, 1999</span></code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>"mm-dd-yyyy" or "dd-mm-yyyy" date format</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color: red;">07-12-</span>2009</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">7 December</span> 2009</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">12 July</span> 2009</code><br>or<br><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">July 12,</span> 2009</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">December 7,</span> 2009</code><br>or <br><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=2009-<span style="color:green;">07-12</span></code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=2009-<span style="color:green;">12-07</span></code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Quarters</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color: red;">3Q</span> 1984</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color: red;">3rd Qtr.,</span> 1984</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color: red;">Third quarter</span> 1984</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">Third Quarter</span> 1984</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Named dates</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color: red;">Xmas</span> 1984</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color: red;">christmas</span> 1984</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">Christmas</span> 1984</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Approximate or uncertain dates</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color: red;">circa</span> 1970</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color: red;">{{circa}}</span> 1970</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|date=<span style="color:green;">c.</span> 1970</code> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(21)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|doi=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|doi=_value"><span id="Check_.7Cdoi.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|doi=_value"></span><span id="bad_doi">Check |doi= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|doi=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-21 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-21"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|doi=</code> value</span> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates contain <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|doi=</code>, a test is done to see if the prefix portion of the <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a> value is correctly formatted and has what appears to be a valid registrant code. A proper DOI prefix begins with the <code>10.</code> directory indicator. The remaining portion of the prefix is a string of digits and the dot character which form the registrant code. When the directory indicator is <code>10.</code>, the CS1|2 templates test for a valid registrant code. Valid registrant codes: </p> <ul><li>must be composed of digits</li> <li>must be in the range: <ul><li>1000–9999</li> <li>10000–49999</li></ul></li> <li>may have one or more subcodes that begin with a dot followed by digits (1000.10)</li> <li>must not be 5555 (invalid/temporary/test)</li></ul> <p>Additionally, the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|doi=</code> value is checked to make sure that it does not contain spaces, en dashes, does not end with punctuation. Further validation of the DOI is not performed. </p><p>Do not include the <code>https://doi.org/</code> scheme and domain name from a URL. A proper <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|doi=</code> value looks like <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.904</code>. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|doi=</code> value is correct. </p><p>In very rare cases, publishers have released works with a DOI deviating from the standard form. If you are certain that such a non-conforming DOI truly corresponds to the published work, then you can add <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup" title="Help:Citation Style 1">accept-this-as-written markup</a> around the identifier to suppress the error message. (Do not use this markup for DOIs, which are <i>inactive</i> rather than <i>non-conforming</i>. Instead, use <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|doi-broken-date=</code> for them.) </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_DOI" title="Category:CS1 errors: DOI">Category:CS1 errors: DOI</a> (5 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(22)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|hdl=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|hdl=_value"><span id="Check_.7Chdl.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|hdl=_value"></span><span id="bad_hdl">Check |hdl= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|hdl=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-22 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-22"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|hdl=</code> value</span> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates contain <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|hdl=</code>, a test is done to see if the <a href="/wiki/Handle_System" title="Handle System">hdl</a> value looks like a properly defined value. The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|hdl=</code> value is checked to make sure that it does not contain spaces or en dashes and does not end with punctuation. Further validation of the hdl is not performed. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|hdl=</code> value is correct. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_HDL" title="Category:CS1 errors: HDL">Category:CS1 errors: HDL</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(23)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|isbn=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|isbn=_value"><span id="Check_.7Cisbn.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|isbn=_value"></span><span id="bad_isbn">Check |isbn= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|isbn=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-23 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-23"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|isbn=</code> value: <type></span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates that contain <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|isbn=</code> are checked to ensure that the <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> is the proper length (ten or thirteen digits), that the ISBN uses the correct optional separators (simple space or hyphen), and that the final <a href="/wiki/Check_digit" title="Check digit">check digit</a> is correct according to the ISBN specification. Only one ISBN is allowed in this field because the whole <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|isbn=</code> value is included in the citation's <a href="/wiki/COinS" title="COinS">COinS</a> <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a>. See also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COinS" title="Wikipedia:COinS">Wikipedia:COinS</a>. More than one ISBN, or characters that are not part of the ISBN, corrupt the COinS metadata and may also corrupt the link to <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources" title="Special:BookSources">Special:BookSources</a>. (If relevant, they can be specified using <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|id=<span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:ISBN" title="Template:ISBN">ISBN</a>|...}}</span></code> instead.) </p><p>The error message <type> indicator can be: </p> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="error">length</span></span> – ISBN is not 10 or 13 digits</dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="error">checksum</span></span> – ISBN has one or more incorrect digits; look for typos and transposition</dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="error">invalid character</span></span> – ISBN has one or more 'digits' that is not in the allowed set appropriate to ISBN length</dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="error">invalid prefix</span></span> – 13-digit ISBNs must begin with '978' or '979'</dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="error">invalid form</span></span> – 10-digit ISBNs with the mis-positioned 'X' character</dd> <dd><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="error">invalid group id</span></span> – 13-digit ISBN begins with '9790'; this prefix / group ID combination is reserved to <a href="/wiki/ISMN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISMN">ISMN</a></dd></dl> <p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|isbn=</code> value is correct, that only one ISBN is used, that the proper optional separators are used, and that no other text is included. Use the ISBN printed on the work rather than one retrieved from third-party sources. If <i>both are available</i>, use the 13-digit ISBN. When a 10-digit ISBN is used, if the check digit is a lowercase 'x', change it to an uppercase 'X'. </p> <ul><li><b>Do not</b> try to resolve the error by simply recalculating the check digit. The check digit is there to check whether the main part of the number is correct. If the ISBN is failing to validate, it is likely that there is a typo in the main part of the number. In this case, recalculating the check digit results in an apparently valid ISBN that leads to the wrong source (or to nowhere).</li> <li>If you only have a 10-digit ISBN, <b>do</b> use the number as-is, do not try to convert it to the 13-digit form.</li> <li>If the ISBN as printed in your source is refusing to validate, <b>do</b> check both the front matter and the book cover for ISBNs. It is not uncommon for the ISBN to be misprinted in the front matter but correct on the cover.</li> <li><b>Do</b> preview your edit and check that the new ISBN does now link to the correct source.</li></ul> <p>In very rare cases, publishers have released books with malformed ISBNs. If you are certain that a non-conforming ISBN truly corresponds to the published work, then you can add <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup" title="Help:Citation Style 1">accept-this-as-written markup</a> around the identifier to suppress the error message. In many cases, books may have been reissued with a corrected ISBN. Use a corrected ISBN when possible. </p><p>Sometimes there are numbers assigned to <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|isbn=</code> that appear to be legitimate – length is right, check digit is correct – but that aren't true ISBN numbers. This <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isbn.org/ISBN_converter">tool</a> may be helpful. </p><p>See also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ISBN" title="Wikipedia:ISBN">Wikipedia:ISBN</a>. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_ISBN" title="Category:CS1 errors: ISBN">Category:CS1 errors: ISBN</a> (229 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(24)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|ismn=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|ismn=_value"><span id="Check_.7Cismn.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|ismn=_value"></span><span id="bad_ismn">Check |ismn= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|ismn=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-24 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-24"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|ismn=</code> value</span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates that contain <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|ismn=</code> are checked to ensure that the <a href="/wiki/ISMN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISMN">ISMN</a> is the proper length (thirteen digits), that the ISMN uses the correct optional separators (simple space or hyphen), and that the final <a href="/wiki/Check_digit" title="Check digit">check digit</a> is correct according to the ISMN specification. Only one ISMN is allowed in this field because the whole <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|ismn=</code> value is included in the citation's <a href="/wiki/COinS" title="COinS">COinS</a> <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a>. See also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COinS" title="Wikipedia:COinS">Wikipedia:COinS</a>. More than one ISMN, or characters that are not part of the ISMN, corrupt the COinS metadata. (If relevant, they can be specified using <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|id=<span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:ISMN" title="Template:ISMN">ISMN</a>|...}}</span></code> instead.) </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|ismn=</code> value is correct, that only one ISMN is used, that the proper optional separators are used, and that no other text is included. Make sure that the ISMN contains exactly 13 digits. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_ISMN" title="Category:CS1 errors: ISMN">Category:CS1 errors: ISMN</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(25)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|issn=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|issn=_value"><span id="Check_.7Cissn.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|issn=_value"></span><span id="bad_issn">Check |issn= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|issn=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-25 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-25"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|issn=</code> value</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|eissn=</code> value</span></li></ul> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates that contain <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|issn=</code> and/or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|eissn=</code> are checked to ensure that the <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> is the proper length (eight digits) and that the final <a href="/wiki/Check_digit" title="Check digit">check digit</a> validates according to the ISSN specification. Only one each of ISSN and eISSN is allowed in this field because the whole <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|issn=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|eissn=</code> values are included in the citation's <a href="/wiki/COinS" title="COinS">COinS</a> <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a>. See also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COinS" title="Wikipedia:COinS">Wikipedia:COinS</a>. (If relevant, they can be specified using <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|id=<span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:ISSN" title="Template:ISSN">ISSN</a>|...}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:EISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:EISSN">EISSN</a>|...}}</span></code> instead.) </p><p>The ISSN and eISSN are always rendered as two four-digit numbers separated with a hyphen. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|issn=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|eissn=</code> values are correct, that only one value per parameter is used, and that no other text is included (allowable characters are 0–9, X, and -). If the check-digit is a lowercase 'x', change it to an uppercase 'X'. It may also be worth checking an actual <a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphen</a> (-) has been used, and not a hyphen-like character like an <a href="/wiki/Endash" class="mw-redirect" title="Endash">endash</a> (–). </p><p>In very rare cases, publishers have released works with a malformed identifier. If you are certain that a non-conforming identifier truly corresponds to the published work, then you can add <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup" title="Help:Citation Style 1">accept-this-as-written markup</a> around the identifier to suppress the error message. In some cases, works may have been reissued with a corrected identifier. Use the corrected one when possible. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_ISSN" title="Category:CS1 errors: ISSN">Category:CS1 errors: ISSN</a> (1 page).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(26)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|jfm=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|jfm=_value"><span id="Check_.7Cjfm.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|jfm=_value"></span><span id="bad_jfm">Check |jfm= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|jfm=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-26 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-26"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|jfm=</code> value</span> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates contain <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|jfm=</code>, a test is done to see if the <a href="/wiki/Jahrbuch_%C3%BCber_die_Fortschritte_der_Mathematik" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik">JFM</a> identifier value looks like a properly defined value. The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|jfm=</code> identifier is checked to make sure that it has the form: <code>nn.nnnn.nn</code> where <code>n</code> is any digit 0–9. Further validation of the JFM identifier is not performed. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|jfm=</code> value is correct. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_JFM" title="Category:CS1 errors: JFM">Category:CS1 errors: JFM</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(27)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|jstor=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|jstor=_value"><span id="Check_.7Cjstor.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|jstor=_value"></span><span id="bad_jstor">Check |jstor= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|jstor=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-27 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-27"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|jstor=</code> value</span> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates contain <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|jstor=</code>, a test is done to see if the <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> identifier value looks like a properly defined value. Error messages are emitted when the assigned value has some form of the string 'jstor' (case-agnostic), or has a URI scheme (<code>http://</code> or <code>https://</code>), or has any space characters. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|jstor=</code> value is correct. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_JSTOR" title="Category:CS1 errors: JSTOR">Category:CS1 errors: JSTOR</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(28)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|lccn=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|lccn=_value"><span id="Check_.7Clccn.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|lccn=_value"></span><span id="bad_lccn">Check |lccn= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|lccn=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-28 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-28"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|lccn=</code> value</span> </p><p>The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|lccn=</code> parameter is for the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">Library of Congress Control Number</a> identifier. It is checked to ensure that the identifier is the proper length and has the correct initial digits. </p><p>LCCN is a character string 8–12 characters long. The length of the LCCN dictates the character type of the initial 1–3 characters; the rightmost eight are always digits.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>LCCN format description </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Length</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>all characters are digits </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>first character is a lower case letter </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>first two characters are either both lower case letters or both digits </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>first character is a lower case letter, second and third characters are either both lower case letters or both digits </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>first two characters are both lower case letters </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Further validation is not performed. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|lccn=</code> value is correct and that there are no other letters, punctuation, or other characters. </p><p>When receiving this error, be on the lookout for publishers who omitted leading zeros in the LCCN following the two or four digit year. For example, an LCCN that is <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=LCCN&searchArg=92035247&searchType=1&permalink=y">properly 92-035427</a> could be shortened in the printed work to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ocPU-S9gloC&q=35247">92-35247</a>. When experimenting with inserting omitted zeroes, cross-check the finished number against the LCCN permalinks online. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_LCCN" title="Category:CS1 errors: LCCN">Category:CS1 errors: LCCN</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(29)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|medrxiv=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|medrxiv=_value"><span id="Check_.7Cmedrxiv.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|medrxiv=_value"></span><span id="bad_medrxiv">Check |medrxiv= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|medrxiv=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-29 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-29"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|medrxiv=</code> value</span> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates contain <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|medrxiv=</code>, a test is done to see if the <a href="/wiki/MedRxiv" title="MedRxiv">medRxiv</a> identifier has the proper form. The medRxiv identifier begins with medRxiv's doi directory indicator and registrant code (10.1101) and followed by: </p> <dl><dd>ymd format date prefix followed by eight numeric characters without punctuation or spaces followed by optional version: <dl><dd><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|medrxiv=10.1101/yyyy.mm.dd.########v#</code> where: <dl><dd><code>yyyy.mm.dd.</code> – represents a date no earlier than 1 January 2020 (<code>2020.01.01.</code>) and no later than tomorrow's date; date must be a valid date</dd> <dd><code>########</code> – 8-digit medRxiv identifier</dd> <dd><code>v#</code> – optional version indicator</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>A common error is to include the medRxiv <i>URL</i> (<code><span style="color: red;">https://dx.doi.org/</span>10.1101/yyyy.mm.dd.########}}</code>). </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|medrxiv=</code> value is correct. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_medRxiv" title="Category:CS1 errors: medRxiv">Category:CS1 errors: medRxiv</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(30)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|message-id=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|message-id=_value"><span id="Check_.7Cmessage-id.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|message-id=_value"></span><span id="bad_message_id">Check |message-id= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|message-id=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-30 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-30"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|message-id=</code> value</span> </p><p>The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|message-id=</code> parameter holds the unique identifier associated with a netnews message.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The value in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|message-id=</code> is checked to make sure that it contains <code>@</code> between left and right identifiers. <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|message-id=</code> is also checked to make sure that the first character is not <code><</code> and the last character is not <code>></code>. <a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a> adds the <a href="/wiki/URI_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="URI scheme">URI scheme</a> <code>news:</code> to the value in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|message-id=</code>. If the value in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|message-id=</code> is wrapped in <code><...></code> characters, the link created fails. </p><p>Further validation is not performed. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|message-id=</code> value is correct, that it contains <code>@</code> and is not wrapped in <code><...></code> characters. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_message-id" title="Category:CS1 errors: message-id">Category:CS1 errors: message-id</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(31)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|mr=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|mr=_value"><span id="Check_.7Cmr.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|mr=_value"></span><span id="bad_mr">Check |mr= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|mr=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-31 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-31"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|mr=</code> value</span> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates contain <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|mr=</code>, a test is done to see if the <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Reviews" title="Mathematical Reviews">MR</a> identifier value looks like a properly defined value. The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|mr=</code> identifier is checked to make sure that it contains only digits and that it is no more than seven digits in length. Further validation of the MR identifier is not performed. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|mr=</code> value is correct. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_MR" title="Category:CS1 errors: MR">Category:CS1 errors: MR</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(32)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|oclc=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|oclc=_value"><span id="Check_.7Coclc.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|oclc=_value"></span><span id="bad_oclc">Check |oclc= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|oclc=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-32 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-32"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|oclc=</code> value</span> </p><p>The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|oclc=</code> parameter is for the <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> identifier. Only a single OCLC identifier is allowed. (If relevant, multiple OCLCs can be specified using <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|id=<span class="nowrap">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:OCLC" title="Template:OCLC">OCLC</a>|...}}</span></code> instead.) </p><p>The identifier must be in one of these forms: </p> <ol><li>prefix <code>ocm</code> followed by 8 digits</li> <li>prefix <code>ocn</code> followed by 9 digits</li> <li>prefix <code>on</code> followed by 10 (or more) digits</li> <li>prefix <code>(OCoLC)</code> followed by a variable number of digits without leading zeros</li> <li>1 to 10 (or more) digits without prefix</li></ol> <p>Further validation is not performed. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|oclc=</code> value is correct. </p><p>If the value is correct and larger than the currently configured limit of 10380000000, please report this at <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Citation_Style_1" title="Help talk:Citation Style 1">Help talk:Citation Style 1</a>, so that the limit can be updated. </p><p>A tip for fixing this error: Editors sometimes place valid <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>, <a href="/wiki/LCCN" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN">LCCN</a>, <a href="/wiki/ASIN" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN">ASIN</a>, or other identifiers in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|oclc=</code>. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_OCLC" title="Category:CS1 errors: OCLC">Category:CS1 errors: OCLC</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(33)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|ol=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|ol=_value"><span id="Check_.7Col.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|ol=_value"></span><span id="bad_ol">Check |ol= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|ol=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-33 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-33"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|ol=</code> value</span> </p><p>The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|ol=</code> parameter is for the <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a> identifier. The identifier is one or more digits followed by a last character that is either <code>A</code> (authors), <code>M</code> (books), or <code>W</code> (works). Further validation is not performed. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|ol=</code> value is correct. Do not include "OL" in the value. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_OL" title="Category:CS1 errors: OL">Category:CS1 errors: OL</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(34)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|osti=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|osti=_value"><span id="Check_.7Costi.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|osti=_value"></span><span id="bad_osti">Check |osti= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|osti=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-34 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-34"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|osti=</code> value</span> </p><p>The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|osti=</code> parameter is for the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Scientific_and_Technical_Information" title="Office of Scientific and Technical Information">Office of Scientific and Technical Information</a> (OSTI) identifier. OSTIs are checked to ensure that the identifier is a simple number without punctuation or spaces with a value between 1018 and 23010000. Further validation is not performed. </p><p>A common error is to include the OSTI <i>URL</i> (<code>https://dx.doi.org/10.2172/<span style="color: red;"><<var style="padding-right: 1px;">OSTI></var></span></code>), or the OSTI <i>DOI</i> (<code>10.2172/<span style="color: red;"><<var style="padding-right: 1px;">OSTI></var></span></code>). </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|osti=</code> value is correct. </p><p>If the value is correct and lower than 1018 or larger than the currently configured limit of 23010000, please report this at <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Citation_Style_1" title="Help talk:Citation Style 1">Help talk:Citation Style 1</a>, so that the limit can be updated. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_OSTI" title="Category:CS1 errors: OSTI">Category:CS1 errors: OSTI</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(35)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|<param>-link=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|<param>-link=_value"><span id="Check_.7C.3Cparam.3E-link.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|<param>-link=_value"></span><span id="bad_paramlink">Check |<param>-link= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|<param>-link=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-35 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-35"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|<code class="cs1-code"><param>-link</code>=</code> value</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|<code class="cs1-code"><param></code>=</code> value</span></li></ul> </div> <p>These link-holding parameters and their matching title-/name-holding parameters are combined to create a working <a href="/wiki/Wikilink" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikilink">wikilink</a> to a related article. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Parameters combined to make wikilinks </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Link-holding parameter</th> <th>title-/name-holding parameter(s) </th></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|author-link=</code>†</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|author=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|last=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|last=</code> + <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|first=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contributor-link=</code>†</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contributor=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contributor-last=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contributor-last=</code> + <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contributor-first=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|editor-link=</code>†</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|editor=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|editor-last=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|editor-last=</code> + <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|editor-first=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|episode-link=</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|episode=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|interviewer-link=</code>†</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|interviewer=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|interviewer-last=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|interviewer-last=</code> + <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|interviewer-first=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|series-link=</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|series=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|subject-link=</code>†</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|subject=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title-link=</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|translator-link=</code>†</td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|translator=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|translator-last=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|translator-last=</code> + <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|translator-first=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">† Parameters checked for this error may also have the enumerated forms: <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|author-link<var style="padding-right: 1px;">n</var>=</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|author<var style="padding-right: 1px;">n</var>-link=</code> etc. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This error occurs when any of these <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|<param>-link=</code> parameters contain a wikilink or a URL, or they contain any of the characters not permitted in Wikipedia article titles per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TITLESPECIALCHARACTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TITLESPECIALCHARACTERS">WP:TITLESPECIALCHARACTERS</a> (except <code>_</code> (underscore), used as a replacement for spaces, and <code>#</code>, used as a <a href="/wiki/Fragment_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Fragment identifier">fragment identifier</a> when linking to article sections). The prohibited characters are: <code>< > [ ] | { }</code>. </p><p>The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|<param>-link=</code> parameter value should contain only the title of a Wikipedia article or a link to a section of a Wikipedia article. <a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a> checks the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|<param>-link=</code> parameter values for wikimarkup and for a <a href="/wiki/URI_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="URI scheme">URI scheme</a> (<code>http://</code>, <code>https://</code>, the protocol relative scheme <code>//</code>, etc.). Interlanguage links in any of the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|<param>-link=</code> parameters require a leading colon: </p> <dl><dd><code>:fr:Période d'exil de Caravage</code></dd></dl> <p>While primarily intended to catch the errors mentioned above, Module:Citation/CS1 will also catch malformed interlanguage wikilinks wherever they occur. Interlanguage wikilinks that have the form: </p> <dl><dd><code>[[fr:Période d'exil de Caravage]]</code></dd></dl> <p>do not create visible clickable links in the article text. Instead, these links appear in the left pane in the languages list. Module:Citation/CS1 disables interlanguage links in this form and emits an error message. The correct form is: </p> <dl><dd><code>[[:fr:Période d'exil de Caravage]]</code></dd></dl> <p>This error can also be caused when: </p> <ul><li>there is a <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|<param>-link=</code> value and the matching <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|<param>=</code> parameter contains a wikilink.</li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|first=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|<param>-first=</code> (and enumerated forms) contain a wikilink</li></ul> <p>To resolve this error, do one of the following: </p> <ul><li>Ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|<param>-link=</code> value is the full name of a Wikipedia article (without brackets) or a section of an article, and not a link to an external web site.</li> <li>Make sure that there are no wikilinks in the matching <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|<param>=</code> parameters.</li> <li>If you want to link to a URL outside of Wikipedia, move the link to <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> or a similar parameter, if one is available in the template you are using.</li></ul> <p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_parameter_link" title="Category:CS1 errors: parameter link">Category:CS1 errors: parameter link</a> (4 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(36)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|pmc=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|pmc=_value"><span id="Check_.7Cpmc.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|pmc=_value"></span><span id="bad_pmc">Check |pmc= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|pmc=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-36 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-36"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|pmc=</code> value</span> </p><p>The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|pmc=</code> parameter is for the <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PubMed Central</a> identifier. PMCs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. <a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a> checks the PMC identifier to make sure that the value is a number greater than zero and less than 11700000 and that the identifier contains only digits. Further validation is not performed. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|pmc=</code> value is correct, and that there are no letters, punctuation, or other characters. Do not include "PMC" in the value. </p><p>If the value is correct and larger than the currently configured limit of 11700000, please report this at <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Citation_Style_1" title="Help talk:Citation Style 1">Help talk:Citation Style 1</a>, so that the limit can be updated. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_PMC" title="Category:CS1 errors: PMC">Category:CS1 errors: PMC</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(37)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|pmid=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|pmid=_value"><span id="Check_.7Cpmid.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|pmid=_value"></span><span id="bad_pmid">Check |pmid= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|pmid=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-37 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-37"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|pmid=</code> value</span> </p><p>The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|pmid=</code> parameter is for the <a href="/wiki/PubMed#PubMed_identifier" title="PubMed">PubMed identifier</a>. PMIDs are checked to ensure that the identifier is a simple number without punctuation or spaces with a value between 1 and 39900000. Further validation is not performed. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|pmid=</code> value is correct. If you find something that looks like a PMID and begins with "PMC", use <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|pmc=</code> instead of <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|pmid=</code>. </p><p>If the value is correct and larger than the currently configured limit of 39900000, please report this at <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Citation_Style_1" title="Help talk:Citation Style 1">Help talk:Citation Style 1</a>, so that the limit can be updated. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_PMID" title="Category:CS1 errors: PMID">Category:CS1 errors: PMID</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(38)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|rfc=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|rfc=_value"><span id="Check_.7Crfc.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|rfc=_value"></span><span id="bad_rfc">Check |rfc= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|rfc=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-38 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-38"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|rfc=</code> value</span> </p><p>The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|rfc=</code> parameter is for the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) <a href="/wiki/IETF_RFC" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF RFC">RFC</a> identifier (unrelated to Wikipedia's internal RfCs). IETF RFCs are checked to ensure that the identifier is a simple number without punctuation or spaces with a value between 1 and 9300. Further validation is not performed. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|rfc=</code> value is correct. </p><p>If the value is correct and larger than the currently configured limit of 9300, please report this at <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Citation_Style_1" title="Help talk:Citation Style 1">Help talk:Citation Style 1</a>, so that the limit can be updated. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_RFC" title="Category:CS1 errors: RFC">Category:CS1 errors: RFC</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(39)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|sbn=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|sbn=_value"><span id="Check_.7Csbn.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|sbn=_value"></span><span id="bad_sbn">Check |sbn= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|sbn=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-39 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-39"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|sbn=</code> value: <type></span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates that contain <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|sbn=</code> are checked to ensure that the <a href="/wiki/Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Book Number">SBN</a> is the proper length (nine digits), that the SBN uses the correct optional separators (simple space or hyphen), and that the final <a href="/wiki/Check_digit" title="Check digit">check digit</a> is correct according to the SBN specification. Only one SBN is allowed in this field because the whole <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|sbn=</code> value is included in the citation's <a href="/wiki/COinS" title="COinS">COinS</a> <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a>. See also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COinS" title="Wikipedia:COinS">Wikipedia:COinS</a>. More than one SBN, or characters that are not part of the SBN, corrupt the COinS metadata and may also corrupt the link to <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources" title="Special:BookSources">Special:BookSources</a>. </p><p>The error message <type> indicator can be: </p> <dl><dd><span class="error" style="font-size:100%">length</span> – SBN is not 9 digits</dd> <dd><span class="error" style="font-size:100%">checksum</span> – SBN has one or more incorrect digits; look for typos and transposition</dd> <dd><span class="error" style="font-size:100%">invalid character</span> – SBN has one or more 'digits' that is not in the allowed set</dd> <dd><span class="error" style="font-size:100%">invalid form</span> – mis-positioned 'X' check digit</dd></dl> <p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|sbn=</code> value is correct, that only one SBN is used, that the proper optional separators are used, and that no other text is included. If the check digit is a lowercase 'x', change it to an uppercase 'X'. </p> <ul><li><b>Do not</b> try to resolve the error by simply recalculating the check digit. The check digit is there to check whether the main part of the number is correct. If the SBN is failing to validate, it is likely that there is a typo in the main part of the number. In this case, recalculating the check digit results in an apparently valid ISBN that leads to the wrong source (or to nowhere).</li> <li>If the SBN as printed in your source is refusing to validate, <b>do</b> check both the front matter and the book cover for SBNs. It is not uncommon for the SBN to be misprinted in the front matter but correct on the cover.</li> <li><b>Do</b> preview your edit and check that the new SBN does now link to the correct source.</li></ul> <p>In very rare cases, publishers have released books with malformed SBNs. If you are certain that a non-conforming SBN truly corresponds to the published work, then you can add <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup" title="Help:Citation Style 1">accept-this-as-written markup</a> around the identifier to suppress the error message. In many cases, books may have been reissued with a corrected SBN. Use a corrected SBN when possible. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_SBN" title="Category:CS1 errors: SBN">Category:CS1 errors: SBN</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(40)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|ssrn=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|ssrn=_value"><span id="Check_.7Cssrn.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|ssrn=_value"></span><span id="bad_ssrn">Check |ssrn= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|ssrn=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-40 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-40"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|ssrn=</code> value</span> </p><p>The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|ssrn=</code> parameter is for the <a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Network" title="Social Science Research Network">Social Science Research Network identifier</a>. SSRNs are checked to ensure that the identifier is a simple number without punctuation or spaces with a value between 100 and 5100000. Further validation is not performed. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|ssrn=</code> value is correct. </p><p>If the value is correct and larger than the currently configured limit of 5100000, please report this at <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Citation_Style_1" title="Help talk:Citation Style 1">Help talk:Citation Style 1</a>, so that the limit can be updated. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_SSRN" title="Category:CS1 errors: SSRN">Category:CS1 errors: SSRN</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(41)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|s2cid=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|s2cid=_value"><span id="Check_.7Cs2cid.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|s2cid=_value"></span><span id="bad_s2cid">Check |s2cid= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|s2cid=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-41 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-41"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|s2cid=</code> value</span> </p><p>The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|s2cid=</code> parameter is for the <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar">Semantic Scholar</a> corpus identifier. S2CIDs are checked to ensure that the identifier is a simple number without punctuation or spaces with a value between 1 and 274000000. Further validation is not performed. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|s2cid=</code> value is correct. </p><p>If the value is correct and larger than the currently configured limit of 274000000, please report this at <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Citation_Style_1" title="Help talk:Citation Style 1">Help talk:Citation Style 1</a>, so that the limit can be updated. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_S2CID" title="Category:CS1 errors: S2CID">Category:CS1 errors: S2CID</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(42)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|url=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|url=_value"><span id="Check_.7Curl.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|url=_value"></span><span id="bad_url">Check |url= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|url=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-42 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-42"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> value</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> value</span></li></ul> </div> <p>External links in <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates are made from two parts: the <i>title</i> (<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter=</code>, etc.) and the <i>URL</i> (<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-url=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter-url=</code>, etc.). The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> parameter and other URL parameters must begin with a supported <a href="/wiki/URI_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="URI scheme">URI scheme</a>. The URI schemes <code>http://</code>, <code>https://</code>, and the protocol relative scheme <code>//</code> are most commonly used; <code>irc://</code>, <code>ircs://</code>, <code>ftp://</code>, <code>news:</code>, <code>mailto:</code> and <code>gopher://</code> are also supported. </p><p>The URL scheme and host are checked to ensure that they contain only Latin characters, certain (required) punctuation, and do not contain spaces. The URL may be protocol relative (begins with <code>//</code>). If there are no spaces and the URL is not protocol relative, then the scheme must comply with RFC 3986.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some URL domains are written with non-Latin characters. cs1|2 does not accept those kinds of URLs so they must be '<a href="/wiki/Internationalized_domain_name" title="Internationalized domain name">internationalized</a>'. Online tools are available to internationalize URLs that are written in non-Latin scripts: </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.verisign.com/en_US/channel-resources/domain-registry-products/idn/idn-conversion-tool/index.xhtml?loc=en_US">"IDN Conversion Tool"</a>. <i>Verisign</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Verisign&rft.atitle=IDN+Conversion+Tool&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.verisign.com%2Fen_US%2Fchannel-resources%2Fdomain-registry-products%2Fidn%2Fidn-conversion-tool%2Findex.xhtml%3Floc%3Den_US&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACS1+errors" class="Z3988"></span> Only enter the domain in the tool and not the full url.</li></ul> <p>Top- and second-level domain names are checked for proper form. Generally, top-level domain names must be two or more letters; second-level domain names must be two or more letters, digits, or hyphens (first and last character must be a letter or digit). <a href="/wiki/Single-letter_second-level_domain" title="Single-letter second-level domain">Single-letter second-level domains</a> are supported for: </p> <ul><li>all <a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">cc TLDs</a> (the country code is not validated)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/.org" title=".org">.org</a> <a href="/wiki/TLD" class="mw-redirect" title="TLD">TLD</a></li> <li>certain letters of the <a href="/wiki/.com" title=".com">.com</a> TLD (q, x, z)</li> <li>certain letters of the <a href="/wiki/.net" title=".net">.net</a> TLD (i, q)</li> <li>certain other TLDs (.cash, .company, .foundation, .media, .org, .today)</li></ul> <p>Third- and subsequent-level domain names are not checked. The path portion of the URL is not checked. </p><p>There is an additional test for <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-url=</code>. The cs1|2 templates expect that <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-url=</code> will hold a unique URL for an archived snapshot of the source identified by <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter-url=</code> (or any of its aliases). This error message is emitted when the value assigned to <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-url=</code> is the same as the matching title or chapter URL. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that: </p> <ul><li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> and other URL parameters contain valid URLs</li> <li>URLs copy-pasted from elsewhere include the URI scheme</li> <li>that the domain name uses only Latin characters</li></ul> <p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_URL" title="Category:CS1 errors: URL">Category:CS1 errors: URL</a> (3,748 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(43)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Check_|zbl=_value" data-mw-thread-id="h-Check_|zbl=_value"><span id="Check_.7Czbl.3D_value"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Check_|zbl=_value"></span><span id="bad_zbl">Check |zbl= value</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Check_|zbl=_value"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-43 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-43"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Check <code class="cs1-code">|zbl=</code> value</span> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates contain <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|zbl=</code>, a test is done to see if the <a href="/wiki/Zentralblatt_MATH" class="mw-redirect" title="Zentralblatt MATH">Zbl</a> identifier value looks like a properly defined value. The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|zbl=</code> identifier is checked to make sure that it has the form: <code>nnnn.nnnnn</code> where <code>n</code> is any digit 0–9. Up to three leading zeros in the first quartet may be omitted. Further validation of the Zbl identifier is not performed. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|zbl=</code> value is correct. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_Zbl" title="Category:CS1 errors: Zbl">Category:CS1 errors: Zbl</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(44)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Cite_has_empty_unknown_parameter:_<param>" data-mw-thread-id="h-Cite_has_empty_unknown_parameter:_<param>"><span id="Cite_has_empty_unknown_parameter:_.3Cparam.3E"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Cite_has_empty_unknown_parameter:_<param>"></span><span id="param_unknown_empty">Cite has empty unknown parameter: <param></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Cite_has_empty_unknown_parameter:_<param>"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-44 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-44"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Cite has empty unknown parameter: <code class="cs1-code">|<param>=</code></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Cite has empty unknown parameters: <code class="cs1-code">|<param1>=</code>, <code class="cs1-code">|<param2>=</code>, ...</span></li></ul> </div> <p>This error message highlights CS1|2 templates that hold empty parameters with names that are not known to a given CS1|2 template. This error message is a companion to <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#parameter_ignored">Unknown parameter |xxxx= ignored</a>. </p><p>Empty positional parameters, which typically look like two adjacent pipes in a template, <code>| |</code>, or a pipe and then the end of the template, <code>|}}</code>, are identified as numbered parameters: <span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="error"><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|1=</code></span></span>. Similarly, a pipe followed by an HTML comment that encloses everything before the next pipe or closing brace, <code>|  |</code> will be identified as an empty numbered parameter. Parameters that have both a pipe and an equal sign but do not have a name are identified as empty-string parameters: <code>|=</code> or <code>| =</code> → <span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="error"><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;border: none; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;">|(empty string)=</code></span></span>. Various templates that wrap CS1|2 templates may cause this error when they use constructs like this: <code>|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|title}}={{{2|}}}</code>. When <code>{{{2|}}}</code> does not have a value, the template creates <code>|=</code>. </p><p>To resolve this error: </p> <ul><li>remove the extra pipe,</li> <li>correct the parameter name,</li> <li>remove the parameter from the CS1|2 template, or</li> <li>change the citation to use a more appropriate template (e.g. change <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_document" title="Template:Cite document">Cite document</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> to <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">Cite web</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>)</li></ul> <p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_empty_unknown_parameters" title="Category:CS1 errors: empty unknown parameters">Category:CS1 errors: empty unknown parameters</a> (7 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(45)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Cite_document_requires_|publisher=" data-mw-thread-id="h-Cite_document_requires_|publisher="><span id="Cite_document_requires_.7Cpublisher.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Cite_document_requires_|publisher="></span><span id="missing_publisher"></span>Cite document requires |publisher=<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Cite_document_requires_|publisher="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-45 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-45"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Cite document requires <code class="cs1-code">|publisher=</code></span> </p><p>This error message is displayed when <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_document" title="Template:Cite document">Cite document</a>}}</code> does not have <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|publisher=</code>. Usually, there is a more appropriate template that can be used in place of <span class="nowrap"><code>{{cite document}}</code></span>. When <span class="nowrap"><code>{{cite document}}</code></span> is used, it accepts a limited subset of the cs1|2 parameter suite but requires <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|publisher=</code>. </p><p>To resolve this error, use a more appropriate template (preferred solution) or provide <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|publisher=</code>. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing publisher">Category:CS1 errors: missing publisher</a> (1 page).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(46)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Cite_<template>_requires_|<param>=" data-mw-thread-id="h-Cite_<template>_requires_|<param>="><span id="Cite_.3Ctemplate.3E_requires_.7C.3Cparam.3E.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Cite_<template>_requires_|<param>="></span><span id="missing_periodical"></span>Cite <template> requires |<param>=<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Cite_<template>_requires_|<param>="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-46 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-46"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Cite <template> requires <code class="cs1-code">|<param>=</code></span> </p><p>These CS1 periodical templates require a periodical parameter. The periodical templates are: </p> <dl><dd><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code></dd> <dd><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine" title="Template:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a>}}</code></dd></dl> <p>The error message suggests a periodical parameter that matches the template, but there is no requirement to use the suggested parameter; any one of these periodical parameters may be used: </p> <ul><li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|journal=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|magazine=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|newspaper=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|periodical=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|website=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|work=</code></li></ul> <p>In some cases, an incorrect template has been used (e.g. <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code> for a web page, book, or standalone document). The appropriate resolution in these cases is to change the incorrect template to <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_document" title="Template:Cite document">cite document</a>}}</code>, or a different, more appropriate template. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical</a> (37,515 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(47)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Cite_uses_deprecated_parameter_|<param>=" data-mw-thread-id="h-Cite_uses_deprecated_parameter_|<param>="><span id="Cite_uses_deprecated_parameter_.7C.3Cparam.3E.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Cite_uses_deprecated_parameter_|<param>="></span><span id="deprecated_params"></span>Cite uses deprecated parameter |<param>=<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Cite_uses_deprecated_parameter_|<param>="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-47 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-47"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Cite uses deprecated parameter <code class="cs1-code">|<param>=</code></span> </p><p>Over time, some parameters have become obsolete or unnecessary. When this happens, the parameters are identified as deprecated. Editors are encouraged to use other parameters that accomplish the same purpose as those that have been deprecated. The CS1|2 deprecated parameters are listed in the following table, along with recommended replacement parameters. Parameter names are case-sensitive. Editors should expect that support for deprecated parameters will soon be withdrawn. </p><p>To resolve this error, use a supported parameter. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_deprecated_parameters" title="Category:CS1 errors: deprecated parameters">Category:CS1 errors: deprecated parameters</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Deprecated CS1/CS2 parameters </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width: 12em;">Deprecated parameter </th> <th>Replace with </th> <th style="width: 6em;">Date </th></tr> <tr> <td>none deprecated at present</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Recently removed CS1/CS2 parameters </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width: 12em;">Removed parameter</th> <th>Replace with</th> <th style="width: 6em;">Date</th> <th>Note </th></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|authors=</code> </td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|last<var style="padding-right: 1px;">n</var>=</code> / <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|first<var style="padding-right: 1px;">n</var>=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|author<var style="padding-right: 1px;">n</var>=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|vauthors=</code> </td> <td>August 2024 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(48)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Cite_uses_generic_name" data-mw-thread-id="h-Cite_uses_generic_name"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Cite_uses_generic_name"></span><span id="generic_name">Cite uses generic name</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Cite_uses_generic_name"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-48 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-48"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|<param>=</code> has generic name</span> </p><p>Articles are listed in this category when <a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a> identifies template author or editor name parameters that use place-holder names. Such names may have been provided by bots or other tools that are unable to identify the source's correct names. Pages in this category should only be added by Module:Citation/CS1. </p><p>CS1|2 maintains a short list of 'names' that are typically not the correct names for the cited source. Some examples are: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><code>about us</code></li> <li><code>author</code></li> <li><code>collaborator</code></li> <li><code>contributor</code></li> <li><code>contact us</code></li> <li><code>directory</code></li> <li><code>editor</code></li> <li><code>email</code></li> <li><code>facebook</code></li> <li><code>google</code></li> <li><code>home page</code></li> <li><code>instagram</code></li> <li><code>interviewer</code></li> <li><code>linkedIn</code></li> <li><code>pinterest</code></li> <li><code>policy</code></li> <li><code>privacy</code></li> <li><code>site name</code></li> <li><code>statement</code></li> <li><code>submitted</code></li> <li><code>super user</code></li> <li><code>translator</code></li> <li><code>tumblr</code></li> <li><code>twitter</code></li> <li><code>user</code></li> <li><code>verfasser</code></li></ul> </div> <p>If you are aware of other common place-holder names, please report them at <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Citation_Style_1" title="Help talk:Citation Style 1">Help talk:Citation Style 1</a>, so that they can be added to the list. </p><p>To resolve this error, replace the place-holder name with the source's actual author or editor name, or use a more appropriate parameter. </p><p>Example fixes: </p> <ul><li>Replace <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|author=Smith, Jane, editor</code> with <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|editor=Smith, Jane</code></li> <li>Replace <code>|author=[[Jane Smith (author)|Jane Smith]]</code> with <code>|first=Jane |last=Smith |author-link=Jane Smith (author)</code> (preferably) or <code>|author=Jane Smith |author-link=Jane Smith (author)</code></li></ul> <p>False positives are possible. When the name is valid, wrap the parameter value in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup" title="Help:Citation Style 1">accept-this-as-written markup</a>: </p> <dl><dd><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|author=((Super User))</code></dd></dl> <p>Please do not use this markup when it is not appropriate. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_generic_name" title="Category:CS1 errors: generic name">Category:CS1 errors: generic name</a> (37,308 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>See also the error category <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_generic_title" title="Category:CS1 errors: generic title">Category:CS1 errors: generic title</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(49)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Cite_uses_generic_title" data-mw-thread-id="h-Cite_uses_generic_title"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Cite_uses_generic_title"></span><span id="generic_title">Cite uses generic title</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Cite_uses_generic_title"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-49 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-49"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Cite uses generic title</span> </p><p>Articles are listed in this category when <a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a> identifies template <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code> parameters that use place-holder titles. Such titles may have been provided by bots or other tools that are unable to identify the source's correct title. Pages in this category should only be added by Module:Citation/CS1. </p><p>CS1|2 maintains a short list of 'titles' that are typically not the title of the cited source. Some examples are: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><code>404</code></li> <li><code>are you a robot</code></li> <li><code>hugedomains.com</code></li> <li><code>internet archive wayback machine</code></li> <li><code>log into facebook</code></li> <li><code>login • instagram</code></li> <li><code>no title</code> – various forms</li> <li><code>page not found</code></li> <li><code>redirecting...</code></li> <li><code>subscribe to read</code></li> <li><code>unknown</code> – various forms</li> <li><code>usurped title</code></li> <li><code>wayback machine</code></li> <li><code>webcite query result</code></li> <li><code>website is for sale</code></li> <li><code>wikiwix's cache</code></li></ul> </div> <p>If you are aware of other common place-holder titles, please report them at <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Citation_Style_1" title="Help talk:Citation Style 1">Help talk:Citation Style 1</a>, so that they can be added to the list. </p><p>To resolve this error, replace the place-holder title with the source's actual title. </p><p>False positives are possible. When the name is valid, wrap the parameter value in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup" title="Help:Citation Style 1">accept-this-as-written markup</a>: </p> <dl><dd><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=((404th Fighter Aviation Regiment))</code></dd></dl> <p>Please do not use this markup when it is not appropriate. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_generic_title" title="Category:CS1 errors: generic title">Category:CS1 errors: generic title</a> (2,631 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>See also the maintenance category <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title</a> and the similar error category <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_generic_name" title="Category:CS1 errors: generic name">Category:CS1 errors: generic name</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(50)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|citeseerx=_required" data-mw-thread-id="h-|citeseerx=_required"><span id=".7Cciteseerx.3D_required"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|citeseerx=_required"></span><span id="citeseerx_missing">|citeseerx= required</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|citeseerx=_required"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-50 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-50"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|citeseerx=</code> required</span> </p><p><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_citeseerx" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Cite citeseerx">cite citeseerx</a>}}</code> requires the identifier parameter <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|citeseerx=</code>. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the template has <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|citeseerx=</code> with a properly constructed value. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_citeseerx" title="Category:CS1 errors: citeseerx">Category:CS1 errors: citeseerx</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(51)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|class=_ignored" data-mw-thread-id="h-|class=_ignored"><span id=".7Cclass.3D_ignored"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|class=_ignored"></span><span id="class_ignored">|class= ignored</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|class=_ignored"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-51 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-51"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|class=</code> ignored</span> </p><p>Only used in <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_arXiv" title="Template:Cite arXiv">cite arXiv</a>}}</code> templates, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|class=</code> is only appropriate when the template uses <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|arxiv=YYMM.NNNN</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|arxiv=YYMM.NNNNN</code> identifier formats; see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_arXiv#Usage" title="Template:Cite arXiv">Cite arXiv §Usage</a>. </p><p>To resolve this error, remove <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|class=</code>. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_class" title="Category:CS1 errors: class">Category:CS1 errors: class</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(52)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|contributor=_ignored" data-mw-thread-id="h-|contributor=_ignored"><span id=".7Ccontributor.3D_ignored"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|contributor=_ignored"></span><span id="contributor_ignored">|contributor= ignored</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|contributor=_ignored"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-52 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-52"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|contributor=</code> ignored</span> </p><p>Only used in book citations, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contributor=</code> identifies the author of a contribution, typically an afterword, foreword, introduction, preface, etc., to another (primary) author's work. This error occurs when <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contributor=</code> is used in a template that is not <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code> or <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code> or is one of these two templates and one of the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|work=</code> parameter aliases is set. </p><p>To resolve this error, consider the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|others=</code> parameter, choose a more appropriate CS1 or CS2 template or remove <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contributor=</code>. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_contributor" title="Category:CS1 errors: contributor">Category:CS1 errors: contributor</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(53)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|contributor=_requires_|<param>=" data-mw-thread-id="h-|contributor=_requires_|<param>="><span id=".7Ccontributor.3D_requires_.7C.3Cparam.3E.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|contributor=_requires_|<param>="></span><span id="contributor_missing_required_param">|contributor= requires |<param>= </span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|contributor=_requires_|<param>="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-53 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-53"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|contributor=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|author=</code></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|contributor=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|contribution=</code></span></li></ul> </div> <p>Only used in book citations, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contributor=</code> identifies the author of a contribution, typically an afterword, foreword, introduction, preface, etc., to another (primary) author's work. As such, the primary author is required (<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|author=</code> or appropriate alias) as is the title of the contribution (<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contribution=</code>). </p><p>To resolve this error, include the book's primary author in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|author1=</code>, or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|last1=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|first1=</code>, or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|vauthors=</code> and include the contribution title in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contribution=</code>; or consider the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|others=</code> parameter or remove <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contributor=</code>. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_contributor" title="Category:CS1 errors: contributor">Category:CS1 errors: contributor</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(54)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|doi-broken-date=_requires_|doi=" data-mw-thread-id="h-|doi-broken-date=_requires_|doi="><span id=".7Cdoi-broken-date.3D_requires_.7Cdoi.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|doi-broken-date=_requires_|doi="></span><span id="doibroken_missing_doi">|doi-broken-date= requires |doi=</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|doi-broken-date=_requires_|doi="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-54 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-54"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|doi-broken-date=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|doi=</code></span> </p><p>When <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|doi-broken-date=</code> is used in a CS1|2 template, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|doi=</code> (with value) must also be present. </p><p>To resolve this error, either add the missing DOI or remove the 'broken' parameter. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_DOI" title="Category:CS1 errors: DOI">Category:CS1 errors: DOI</a> (5 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(55)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|edition=_has_extra_text" data-mw-thread-id="h-|edition=_has_extra_text"><span id=".7Cedition.3D_has_extra_text"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|edition=_has_extra_text"></span><span id="extra_text_edition">|edition= has extra text </span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|edition=_has_extra_text"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-55 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-55"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|edition=</code> has extra text</span> </p><p>The templates are responsible for static text rendered in the citation. When <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|edition=</code> is used in a template, cs1|2 adds the abbreviation 'ed.' to the value in the parameter so: </p> <dl><dd><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|edition=1st</code></dd></dl> <p>renders as: </p> <dl><dd>1st ed.</dd></dl> <p>The templates emit this error message when various forms of <code>ed</code>, <code>edn</code>, or <code>edition</code> are found in the value assigned to <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|edition=</code>. </p><p>To resolve this error, remove the extraneous text from the parameter value. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_extra_text:_edition" title="Category:CS1 errors: extra text: edition">Category:CS1 errors: extra text: edition</a> (1 page).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(56)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Empty_citation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Empty_citation"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Empty_citation"></span><span id="empty_citation">Empty citation</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Empty_citation"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-56 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-56"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Empty citation</span> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> or <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> template marked as "Empty" contains no recognizable parameter identifiers. For example, this citation is marked as "empty" even though it contains usable information: </p> <dl><dd><code>{{cite web |http://www.foobar.com |The Foobar News}}</code></dd></dl> <p>The citation is "empty" because it does not contain the necessary parameter identifiers (in this case <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code>) that tell <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code> how to use the information that the citation contains. </p><p>A citation is also marked as "empty" when it contains only parameters that it doesn't recognize: </p> <dl><dd><code>{{cite book |titolo=The Bazquux Uprising |anno=2015}}</code></dd></dl> <p>This citation is "empty" because the Italian-language parameters <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|titolo=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|anno=</code> are not recognized as valid parameter names on the English Wikipedia. </p><p>"Empty citation" may also mean that an editor meant to use another template entirely. Perhaps the editor used <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code> when the intent was to use <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_needed" title="Template:Citation needed">citation needed</a>}}</code> or <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Quote" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Quote">quote</a>}}</code>. </p><p>To resolve this error, add appropriate parameter identifiers, translate foreign language parameter names to their English equivalents, or replace the CS1/CS2 template with a more appropriate template. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_empty_citation" title="Category:CS1 errors: empty citation">Category:CS1 errors: empty citation</a> (13 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(57)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Explicit_use_of_et_al." data-mw-thread-id="h-Explicit_use_of_et_al."><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Explicit_use_of_et_al."></span><span id="explicit_et_al">Explicit use of et al.</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Explicit_use_of_et_al."></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-57 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-57"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Explicit use of et al. in: <code class="cs1-code">|<param>=</code></span> </p><p>This error occurs where a <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> or <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> template detects that one of the names parameters contains some form of "et al." either as a separate name parameter (<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|author6=et al.</code>) or as a suffix added to a name list (<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|author=Smith, A.B. et al.</code>) or first name (<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|first=John, et al.</code>). </p><p>This error can occur in any of the author, editor, interviewer, translator, or contributor parameters. </p><p>Use the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|display-authors=</code> parameter instead (or other applicable <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|display-<<var style="padding-right: 1px;">names</var>>=</code> parameter), as documented at <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1#Display_options" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Help:Citation Style 1#Display options</a>. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_explicit_use_of_et_al." title="Category:CS1 errors: explicit use of et al.">Category:CS1 errors: explicit use of et al.</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(58)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_link_in_|<param>=" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_link_in_|<param>="><span id="External_link_in_.7C.3Cparam.3E.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_link_in_|<param>="></span><span id="param_has_ext_link">External link in |<param>=</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_link_in_|<param>="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-58 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-58"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">External link in <code class="cs1-code">|<param>=</code></span> </p><p>This error occurs when a URL is found in any parameter that is not one of these URL-holding parameters: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-url=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|article-url=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter-url=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|conference-url=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contribution-url=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|entry-url=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|map-url=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|section-url=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|transcript-url=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code></li></ul> </div> <p>or any of these insource locator parameters: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|page=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|p=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|pages=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|pp=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|at=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|quote-page=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|quote-pages=</code></li></ul> </div> <p>To resolve this error, remove the external link from the identified parameter. Consider placing the external link in a more appropriate parameter: </p> <ul><li>for <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter=</code>, the URL may belong in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter-url=</code>.</li> <li>for other parameters, it may belong in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code>.</li></ul> <p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_external_links" title="Category:CS1 errors: external links">Category:CS1 errors: external links</a> (4,317 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(59)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|<first>n=_missing_|<last>n=" data-mw-thread-id="h-|<first>n=_missing_|<last>n="><span id=".7C.3Cfirst.3En.3D_missing_.7C.3Clast.3En.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|<first>n=_missing_|<last>n="></span><span id="first_missing_last">|<first><i>n</i>= missing |<last><i>n</i>=</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|<first>n=_missing_|<last>n="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-59 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-59"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|<first><var style="padding-right: 1px;">n</var>=</code> missing <code class="cs1-code">|<last><var style="padding-right: 1px;">n</var>=</code></span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates requires a <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|<last><i>n</i>=</code> parameter for each <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|<first><i>n</i>=</code> parameter in a citation. Author, contributor, editor, interviewer, and translator lists are checked for proper last/first pairing. CS1|2 will emit this error message for the first mismatch it detects. If there are more last/first mismatches in a citation, subsequent mismatches are not detected. </p><p>There is no requirement that each <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|<last><i>n</i>=</code> have a matching <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|<first><i>n</i>=</code>. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that each <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|<first><i>n</i>=</code> has a corresponding <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|<last><i>n</i>=</code>. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_name" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing name">Category:CS1 errors: missing name</a> (70 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(60)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|format=_requires_|url=" data-mw-thread-id="h-|format=_requires_|url="><span id=".7Cformat.3D_requires_.7Curl.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|format=_requires_|url="></span><span id="format_missing_url">|format= requires |url= </span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|format=_requires_|url="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-60 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-60"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|format=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|...-format=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|...-url=</code></span></li></ul> </div> <p>These errors occur when <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates use <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|format=</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|...-format=</code> without also providing a corresponding URL for <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|...-url=</code>, respectively. The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|format=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|...-format=</code> parameters are used to specify the file format of a web resource, such as <a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doc_(computing)" title="Doc (computing)">DOC</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Excel file format">XLS</a>. In some cases an editor may have intended to use <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|type=</code> to specify a kind of document, such as hard cover, paperback, or pamphlet. The <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|format=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|...-format=</code> value is always displayed. </p><p>The list of <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|...-format=</code> parameters is: </p> <dl><dd><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-format=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|article-format=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter-format=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|conference-format=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contribution-format=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|entry-format=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|event-format=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|map-format=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|section-format=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|transcript-format=</code></dd></dl> <p>(Citations that relied on the pre-2014, somewhat odd use of <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|format=</code> may need adjustment in regard to <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter-format=</code>.) </p><p>To resolve this error, remove <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|format=</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter-format=</code>; define <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter-url=</code>; or change <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|format=</code> to <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|type=</code> (or to <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter-format=</code> if <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter-url=</code> is used without <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code>. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_format_without_URL" title="Category:CS1 errors: format without URL">Category:CS1 errors: format without URL</a> (1 page).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(61)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Invalid_|display-<names>=<value>" data-mw-thread-id="h-Invalid_|display-<names>=<value>"><span id="Invalid_.7Cdisplay-.3Cnames.3E.3D.3Cvalue.3E"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Invalid_|display-<names>=<value>"></span><span id="disp_name">Invalid |display-<names>=<value></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Invalid_|display-<names>=<value>"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-61 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-61"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|<names>=<value></code></span> </p><p>These error messages are emitted when <a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a> identifies citations that use one or more of the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|display-<names>=</code> parameters with an invalid assigned <code><value></code>. An invalid assigned <code><value></code> is a number that is greater than or equal to the number of <code><names></code> in the associated name-list or it is non-numeric text that Module:Citation/CS1 cannot recognize as a form of the keyword <code>etal</code>. </p><p>To resolve this error, do one of the following: </p> <ul><li>Remove the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|display-<names>=</code> parameter from the citation (typically because "et al." is not appropriate in the citation)</li> <li>Change the <code><value></code> of the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|display-<names>=</code> parameter such that it is less than the number of <code><names></code> in the name-list (thereby truncating the displayed list to the number)</li> <li>Change the <code><value></code> of the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|display-<names>=</code> parameter to <code>etal</code>, which will cause "et al" to display after the last <code><name></code>.</li></ul> <p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_display-names" title="Category:CS1 errors: display-names">Category:CS1 errors: display-names</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(62)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Invalid_<param>=<value>" data-mw-thread-id="h-Invalid_<param>=<value>"><span id="Invalid_.3Cparam.3E.3D.3Cvalue.3E"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Invalid_<param>=<value>"></span><span id="invalid_param_val">Invalid <param>=<value></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Invalid_<param>=<value>"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-62 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-62"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|<param>=<value></code></span> </p><p>To function properly, some parameters are limited to a certain set of acceptable values. This error message indicates that a parameter has been assigned a value that is not a member of the parameter's defined set of acceptable values. </p><p>Letters in values must all be in lower case, as shown below. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Parameters with limited acceptable values </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Parameter</th> <th>Acceptable values </th></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|df=</code></td> <td><code>dmy</code>, <code>dmy-all</code>, <code>mdy</code>, <code>mdy-all</code>, <code>ymd</code>, <code>ymd-all</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|mode=</code></td> <td><code>cs1</code>, <code>cs2</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|name-list-style=</code></td> <td><code>amp</code>, <code>ampersand</code>, <code>and</code>, <code>&</code>, <code>serial</code>, <code>vanc</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|no-pp=</code></td> <td rowspan="2"><code>true</code>, <code>y</code>, <code>yes</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|no-tracking=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|bibcode-access=</code></td> <td rowspan="8"><code>free</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|doi-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|hdl-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|jstor-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|ol-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|osti-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|ssrn-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|s2cid-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url-access=</code></td> <td rowspan="7"><code>subscription</code>, <code>registration</code>, <code>limited</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|article-url-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter-url-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contribution-url-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|entry-url-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|map-url-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|section-url-access=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url-status=</code></td> <td><code>dead</code>, <code>live</code>, <code>deviated</code>, <code>unfit</code>, <code>usurped</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>To resolve this error for the parameters in the table, use an appropriate value. </p><p>Support for <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|ref=harv</code> is withdrawn because cs1|2 templates now automatically create the <code>CITEREF</code> anchor value that <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|ref=harv</code> controlled. To resolve this error, remove <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|ref=harv</code>. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_invalid_parameter_value" title="Category:CS1 errors: invalid parameter value">Category:CS1 errors: invalid parameter value</a> (7 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(63)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Invalid_|script-<param>=:_<type>" data-mw-thread-id="h-Invalid_|script-<param>=:_<type>"><span id="Invalid_.7Cscript-.3Cparam.3E.3D:_.3Ctype.3E"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Invalid_|script-<param>=:_<type>"></span><span id="script_parameter">Invalid |script-<param>=: <type></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Invalid_|script-<param>=:_<type>"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-63 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-63"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|script-<param>=</code>: <type></span> </p><p>The various <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|script-<<var style="padding-right: 1px;">param</var>>=</code> parameters are checked for proper form. When an error is detected, the error message briefly identifies the type of the error: </p> <dl><dd><span class="error" style="font-size:100%">missing title part</span> – the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|script-<<var style="padding-right: 1px;">param</var>>=</code> parameter has a language-code prefix but is otherwise empty</dd> <dd><span class="error" style="font-size:100%">missing prefix</span> – the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|script-<<var style="padding-right: 1px;">param</var>>=</code> parameter has text but is missing the required language-code prefix; the prefix has the form <code>xx:</code> or <code>xxx:</code> where <code>xx</code> or <code>xxx</code> is a valid <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a> or <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a> language code known to CS1|2 as a language that uses a non-Latin script; the colon (<code>:</code>) is required</dd> <dd><span class="error" style="font-size:100%">unknown language code</span> – the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|script-<<var style="padding-right: 1px;">param</var>>=</code> parameter has a (possibly valid) language code that CS1|2 does not recognize as a language using a non-Latin script</dd></dl> <p>Language codes known to CS1|2 for languages that do not use a Latin script are: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width:16em"> <ul><li>ab: Abkhazian</li> <li>am: Amharic</li> <li>ar: Arabic</li> <li>be: Belarusian</li> <li>bg: Bulgarian</li> <li>bn: Bengali</li> <li>bo: Tibetan</li> <li>bs: Bosnian</li> <li>ce: Chechen</li> <li>dv: Divehi</li> <li>dz: Dzongkha</li> <li>el: Greek</li> <li>fa: Persian</li> <li>grc: Ancient Greek</li> <li>gu: Gujarati</li> <li>he: Hebrew</li> <li>hi: Hindi</li> <li>hy: Armenian</li> <li>ja: Japanese</li> <li>ka: Georgian</li> <li>kk: Kazakh</li> <li>km: Khmer</li> <li>kn: Kannada</li> <li>ko: Korean</li> <li>ku: Kurdish</li> <li>ky: Kyrgyz</li> <li>lo: Lao</li> <li>mk: Macedonian</li> <li>ml: Malayalam</li> <li>mn: Mongolian</li> <li>mni: Manipuri</li> <li>mr: Marathi</li> <li>my: Burmese</li> <li>ne: Nepali</li> <li>or: Odia</li> <li>ota: Ottoman Turkish</li> <li>pa: Punjabi</li> <li>ps: Pashto</li> <li>ru: Russian</li> <li>sd: Sindhi</li> <li>si: Sinhala</li> <li>sr: Serbian</li> <li>syc: Classical Syriac</li> <li>ta: Tamil</li> <li>te: Telugu</li> <li>tg: Tajik</li> <li>th: Thai</li> <li>ti: Tigrinya</li> <li>tt: Tatar</li> <li>ug: Uyghur</li> <li>uk: Ukrainian</li> <li>ur: Urdu</li> <li>uz: Uzbek</li> <li>yi: Yiddish</li> <li>yue: Cantonese</li> <li>zh: Chinese</li></ul> </div> <p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_script_parameters" title="Category:CS1 errors: script parameters">Category:CS1 errors: script parameters</a> (1 page).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(64)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|issue=/|number=_has_extra_text" data-mw-thread-id="h-|issue=/|number=_has_extra_text"><span id=".7Cissue.3D.2F.7Cnumber.3D_has_extra_text"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|issue=/|number=_has_extra_text"></span><span id="extra_text_issue">|issue=/|number= has extra text</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|issue=/|number=_has_extra_text"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-64 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-64"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|issue=</code> has extra text</span><br> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|number=</code> has extra text</span> </p><p>The templates are responsible for static text rendered in the citation. When <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|issue=</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|number=</code> is used in a template, cs1|2 formats the issue number according to the style corresponding with the publication type associated with the used citation template. </p><p>The templates emit this error message when various forms of issue or number prefixes (like <code>Iss.</code> or <code>No.</code>) are found in the value assigned to <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|issue=</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|number=</code>. </p><p>To resolve this error, remove the extraneous text from the parameter value. If the extraneous text removed is related to issues, please use the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|issue=</code> parameter rather than <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|number=</code> for this, and vice versa. At present, the output is the same for both parameters, but this may not hold true in future versions, therefore it is important that issues and number values are used with the proper parameter as per what nomenclature is used in the actual publication. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_extra_text:_issue" title="Category:CS1 errors: extra text: issue">Category:CS1 errors: extra text: issue</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(65)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Italic_or_bold_markup_not_allowed_in:_|<param>=" data-mw-thread-id="h-Italic_or_bold_markup_not_allowed_in:_|<param>="><span id="Italic_or_bold_markup_not_allowed_in:_.7C.3Cparam.3E.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Italic_or_bold_markup_not_allowed_in:_|<param>="></span><span id="apostrophe_markup">Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |<param>=</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Italic_or_bold_markup_not_allowed_in:_|<param>="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-65 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-65"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">|<param><var style="padding-right: 1px;">n</var>=</code></span> </p><p>Italic (<code>''</code>) or bold (<code>'''</code>) wikimarkup is not allowed in publisher and periodical parameters. These parameters include: </p> <ul><li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|publisher=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|journal=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|magazine=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|newspaper=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|periodical=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|website=</code></li> <li><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|work=</code></li></ul> <p>To resolve this error, remove wiki markup from the named parameter's value and ensure that the template is using the correct parameters; when citing a newspaper, use <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|newspaper=</code> for the newspaper's name, not <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|publisher=</code>, etc. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_markup" title="Category:CS1 errors: markup">Category:CS1 errors: markup</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(66)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|medrxiv=_required" data-mw-thread-id="h-|medrxiv=_required"><span id=".7Cmedrxiv.3D_required"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|medrxiv=_required"></span><span id="medrxiv_missing">|medrxiv= required</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|medrxiv=_required"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-66 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-66"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|medrxiv=</code> required</span> </p><p><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_medRxiv" title="Template:Cite medRxiv">cite medRxiv</a>}}</code> requires the identifier parameter <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|medrxiv=</code>. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the template has <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|medrxiv=</code> with a properly constructed value. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_medRxiv" title="Category:CS1 errors: medRxiv">Category:CS1 errors: medRxiv</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(67)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Missing_|<name>n=" data-mw-thread-id="h-Missing_|<name>n="><span id="Missing_.7C.3Cname.3En.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Missing_|<name>n="></span><span id="missing_name">Missing |<name><i>n</i>=</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Missing_|<name>n="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-67 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-67"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Missing <code class="cs1-code">|<name><var style="padding-right: 1px;">n</var>=</code></span> </p><p>So that all names are listed in a rendered citation, <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates require <i>n</i> in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|<last><var style="padding-right: 1px;">n</var>=</code> (and its aliases) to increment by 1 for each name in the list (author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator). This error message is emitted when there is a 'hole' in the numbering (an author list made up of <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|author1=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|author3=</code> but without <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|author2=</code> for example). </p><p>The test will not detect a 'hole' that is larger than 1. It is presumed that when <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|author<var style="padding-right: 1px;">n</var>=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|author<var style="padding-right: 1px;">n+1</var>=</code> are both not present, then the test has reached the end of the list. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the numbering of the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|<last><var style="padding-right: 1px;">n</var>=</code> parameters increments properly. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_name" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing name">Category:CS1 errors: missing name</a> (70 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(68)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Missing_or_empty_|title=" data-mw-thread-id="h-Missing_or_empty_|title="><span id="Missing_or_empty_.7Ctitle.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Missing_or_empty_|title="></span><span id="missing_title">Missing or empty |title= </span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Missing_or_empty_|title="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-68 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-68"> <p>There are two slightly different error conditions that can arise when <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">CS1 citations</a> lack appropriate titles. In each case, CS1 reports this error message. The necessary resolution may vary depending on the cause of the error. The error message links to the appropriate description below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bare_URL_without_a_title" data-mw-thread-id="h-Bare_URL_without_a_title-Missing_or_empty_|title="><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Bare_URL_without_a_title-Missing_or_empty_|title="></span><span id="bare_url_missing_title">Bare URL without a title</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Bare_URL_without_a_title-Missing_or_empty_|title="></span></h3></div> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|<param>=</code> missing title</span> </p><p>All <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates report this error when one of the <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a>-containing parameters cannot be paired with an associated title. This error may also occur when <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code> cannot be linked with <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> because the citation also contains a conflicting <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title-link=</code> parameter. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>URL-containing parameters and associated title parameters </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>URL parameters </th> <th>Title parameters </th></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-url=</code> </td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|article-url=</code> </td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|article=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contribution=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|entry=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|section=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter-url=</code> </td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|article=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contribution=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|entry=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|section=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|conference-url=</code> </td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|conference=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|event=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contribution-url=</code> </td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contribution=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|article=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|entry=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|section=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|entry-url=</code> </td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|entry=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|article=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contribution=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|section=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|event-url=</code> </td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|event=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|conference=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|map-url=</code> </td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|map=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|section-url=</code> </td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|section=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|article=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contribution=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|entry=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|transcript-url=</code> </td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|transcript=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> </td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A unique case exists for <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>: if <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|pmc=</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|doi=</code> has a value, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> is omitted or empty, and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title-link=</code> does not point to an article, then <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code> is automatically linked with the same URL as the PMC or DOI. This default behaviour can be overridden using <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title-link=none/pmc/doi</code>. </p><p>Because URLs are ugly and generally uninformative, it is expected that editors should provide a meaningful title for each URL. In most cases this can be accomplished by using the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code> parameter. </p><p>To resolve this error, provide an appropriate title for the URL-containing parameter. In the case where <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title-link=</code> are contending for <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code> you must choose which one to keep. Consider moving <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title-link=</code> to a more suitable parameter. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_bare_URL" title="Category:CS1 errors: bare URL">Category:CS1 errors: bare URL</a> (12,948 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citation_without_a_title_of_any_form" data-mw-thread-id="h-Citation_without_a_title_of_any_form-Missing_or_empty_|title="><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Citation_without_a_title_of_any_form-Missing_or_empty_|title="></span><span id="citation_missing_title">Citation without a title of any form</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Citation_without_a_title_of_any_form-Missing_or_empty_|title="></span></h3></div> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|series=</code></span></li></ul> </div> <p>This error occurs for <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates when all of <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|trans-title=</code>, and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|script-title=</code> are omitted or left blank. At least one of these title parameters must be provided for each citation. </p><p><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_episode" title="Template:Cite episode">cite episode</a>}}</code> will show this error if <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|series=</code> is omitted or left blank (even if a <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code> is provided). </p><p><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code> will show this error if <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|encyclopedia=</code> has a value but <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|entry=</code> (or another <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter=</code> alias) is omitted or left blank. </p><p>Sometimes this error occurs because an editor has used a CS1|2 citation as a <a href="/wiki/Help:Shortened_footnotes" title="Help:Shortened footnotes">shortened footnote</a> when <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Sfn" title="Template:Sfn">sfn</a>}}</code> or one of the <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Harv" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Harv">harv</a>}}</code> family of templates would have been more appropriate. This error also occurs when an editor used <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code> but intended to use <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_needed" title="Template:Citation needed">citation needed</a>}}</code>. </p><p>To resolve this error, provide a value for <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|trans-title=</code>, and/or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|script-title=</code> or replace the CS1|2 template with a more appropriate template. If you are listing a periodical or an issue of a periodical in a bibliography rather than within <code class="nowrap" style=""><ref>...</ref></code> tags, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:List_journal" title="Template:List journal">List journal</a>}}</code> may be more appropriate. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_title" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing title">Category:CS1 errors: missing title</a> (21,133 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(69)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Missing_or_empty_|url=" data-mw-thread-id="h-Missing_or_empty_|url="><span id="Missing_or_empty_.7Curl.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Missing_or_empty_|url="></span><span id="cite_web_url">Missing or empty |url= </span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Missing_or_empty_|url="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-69 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-69"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code></span> </p><p>This error message is reported by <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_podcast" title="Template:Cite podcast">cite podcast</a>}}</code>, and <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_mailing_list" title="Template:Cite mailing list">cite mailing list</a>}}</code> when the template parameters <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|archive-url=</code> are both missing, blank or not properly entered. Note that <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|website=</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|work=</code> is the name of the site, not the URL. </p><p>To resolve this error, provide a value for <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> or use a more appropriate template such as <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> or other <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> or <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> template. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_requires_URL" title="Category:CS1 errors: requires URL">Category:CS1 errors: requires URL</a> (4,977 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(70)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Missing_pipe" data-mw-thread-id="h-Missing_pipe"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Missing_pipe"></span><span id="missing_pipe">Missing pipe</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Missing_pipe"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-70 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-70"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Missing pipe in: <code class="cs1-code">|<param>=</code></span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates report this error when one parameter has text that looks like it is a parameter missing a pipe (<code>|</code>). This error occurs when a template parameter value contains characters and digits followed by an equal sign. If the alphanumeric text immediately preceding the equal sign is a valid CS1|2 parameter name, the module assumes that the template is missing a pipe and emits this error message. </p><p>Some legitimate titles will contain a CS1|2 parameter name followed by an equal sign. In that case, enclose the equal sign in nowiki tags, like this: <code class="nowrap" style=""><nowiki>=</nowiki></code>. For most other cases, simply add the missing pipe. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_pipe" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing pipe">Category:CS1 errors: missing pipe</a> (6 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(71)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="More_than_one_of_|<param1>=,_|<param2>=,_and_|<param3>=_specified" data-mw-thread-id="h-More_than_one_of_|<param1>=,_|<param2>=,_and_|<param3>=_specified"><span id="More_than_one_of_.7C.3Cparam1.3E.3D.2C_.7C.3Cparam2.3E.3D.2C_and_.7C.3Cparam3.3E.3D_specified"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-More_than_one_of_|<param1>=,_|<param2>=,_and_|<param3>=_specified"></span><span id="redundant_parameters">More than one of |<param1>=, |<param2>=, and |<param3>= specified</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-More_than_one_of_|<param1>=,_|<param2>=,_and_|<param3>=_specified"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-71 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-71"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">More than one of <code class="cs1-code">|<param1>=</code>, <code class="cs1-code">|<param2>=</code>, and <code class="cs1-code">|<param3>=</code> specified</span> </p><p>This error occurs when a <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> or <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> template includes more than one parameter that maps to the same meaning. For example, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|author=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|last=</code>, and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|last1=</code> are all synonyms of each other, so no more than one of these parameters should ever be used in a single template. </p><p>To resolve this error, remove or modify the redundant parameter(s). </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">More than one of author-name-list parameters specified</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">More than one of editor-name-list parameters specified</span></li></ul> </div> <p>This error occurs when a CS1 or CS2 template uses more than one type of author or editor name-list style. There are three kinds of incompatible author-name-list styles: </p> <dl><dd><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|author<i>n</i>=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|last<i>n</i>=</code> / <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|first<i>n</i>=</code> (and their various aliases), <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|vauthors=</code>, and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|authors=</code></dd></dl> <p>and similarly, three editor-name-list styles: </p> <dl><dd><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|editor<i>n</i>=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|editor-last<i>n</i>=</code> / <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|editor-first<i>n</i>=</code> (and their various aliases) as well as <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|veditors=</code></dd></dl> <p>To resolve this error, choose one name-list-style. Use the chosen style for both of the author and editor name-lists. </p><p>Pages with these errors are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_redundant_parameter" title="Category:CS1 errors: redundant parameter">Category:CS1 errors: redundant parameter</a> (3 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(72)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|page(s)=_has_extra_text" data-mw-thread-id="h-|page(s)=_has_extra_text"><span id=".7Cpage.28s.29.3D_has_extra_text"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|page(s)=_has_extra_text"></span><span id="extra_text_pages">|page(s)= has extra text</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|page(s)=_has_extra_text"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-72 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-72"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|<param>=</code> has extra text</span> </p><p>The templates are responsible for static text rendered in the citation. When <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|page=</code>/<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|p=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|pages=</code>/<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|pp=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|quote-page=</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|quote-pages=</code> is used in a template, cs1|2 inserts the appropriate pagination prefix 'p.' or 'pp.' ahead of the value in the parameter so: </p> <dl><dd><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|page=123</code></dd></dl> <p>renders as: </p> <dl><dd>p. 123</dd></dl> <p>and: </p> <dl><dd><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|page=123–125</code></dd></dl> <p>renders as: </p> <dl><dd>pp. 123–125</dd></dl> <p>The templates emit this error message when various forms of <code>p</code>, <code>pp</code>, <code>pg</code>, <code>pgs</code>, <code>page</code>, or <code>pages</code> are found in the value assigned to <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|page=</code>/<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|p=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|pages=</code>/<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|pp=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|quote-page=</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|quote-pages=</code>. </p><p>To resolve this error, remove the extraneous text from the parameter value. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_extra_text:_pages" title="Category:CS1 errors: extra text: pages">Category:CS1 errors: extra text: pages</a> (2 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(73)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|<param>-access=_requires_|<param>=" data-mw-thread-id="h-|<param>-access=_requires_|<param>="><span id=".7C.3Cparam.3E-access.3D_requires_.7C.3Cparam.3E.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|<param>-access=_requires_|<param>="></span><span id="param_access_requires_param">|<param>-access= requires |<param>=</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|<param>-access=_requires_|<param>="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-73 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-73"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|<param>-access=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|<param>=</code></span> </p><p>This error is reported when an access level has been specified for some external link, but the corresponding required parameter is missing or empty. The parameter can be one of </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Access-level specifier required parameter </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Specifier</th> <th>Required parameter </th></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|article-url-access=</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|article-url=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|bibcode-access=</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|bibcode=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter-url-access=</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter-url=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contribution-url-access=</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contribution-url=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|doi-access=</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|doi=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|entry-url-access=</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|entry-url=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|hdl-access=</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|hdl=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|jstor-access=</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|jstor=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|map-url-access=</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|map-url=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|ol-access=</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|ol=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|osti-access=</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|osti=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|section-url-access=</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|section-url=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|s2cid-access=</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|s2cid=</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url-access=</code></td> <td><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>To resolve this error, either provide a value for the parameter, or remove the access level specification. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_param-access" title="Category:CS1 errors: param-access">Category:CS1 errors: param-access</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(74)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|<param>=_has_numeric_name" data-mw-thread-id="h-|<param>=_has_numeric_name"><span id=".7C.3Cparam.3E.3D_has_numeric_name"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|<param>=_has_numeric_name"></span><span id="numeric_names">|<param>= has numeric name</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|<param>=_has_numeric_name"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-74 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-74"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|<param>=</code> has numeric name</span> </p><p>This error is reported when a name-list parameter <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|author<var style="padding-right: 1px;">n</var>=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|contributor<var style="padding-right: 1px;">n</var>=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|editor<var style="padding-right: 1px;">n</var>=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|interviewer<var style="padding-right: 1px;">n</var>=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|translator<var style="padding-right: 1px;">n</var>=</code> (including aliases) has an assigned value that is composed solely of digits and / or punctuation. Errors of this type are often the result of automated or semi-automated edits where the source metadata is misplaced or improperly translated. </p><p>To resolve this error, make sure that the value assigned to the name-list parameter is a name and only a name. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_numeric_name" title="Category:CS1 errors: numeric name">Category:CS1 errors: numeric name</a> (10 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(75)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|<periodical>=_ignored" data-mw-thread-id="h-|<periodical>=_ignored"><span id=".7C.3Cperiodical.3E.3D_ignored"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|<periodical>=_ignored"></span><span id="periodical_ignored">|<periodical>= ignored</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|<periodical>=_ignored"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-75 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-75"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|periodical=</code> ignored</span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> templates <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code> and <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code> do not support <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|periodical=</code> (and aliases <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|journal=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|magazine=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|newspaper=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|website=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|work=</code>) and associated <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|script-periodical=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|trans-periodical=</code> (and their aliases). </p><p>To resolve this error: </p> <ul><li>use a more appropriate citation template, or</li> <li>most common: change <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code> to <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter=</code> (or appropriate alias) and then change <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|periodical=</code> to <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code>, or</li> <li>change <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|work=</code> to <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|series=</code> if <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code> is the actual title of the book and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|work=</code> contains the name of a book series, or</li> <li>change <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|work=</code> to another appropriate parameter (it has been used to hold values for <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|publisher=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|editor=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|via=</code>, and more), or</li> <li>move the content of the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|periodical=</code> parameter out of the template, before the closing </ref>, or</li> <li>delete the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|periodical=</code> parameter</li></ul> <p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_periodical_ignored" title="Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored">Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored</a> (23,113 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(76)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|pmc-embargo-date=_requires_|pmc=" data-mw-thread-id="h-|pmc-embargo-date=_requires_|pmc="><span id=".7Cpmc-embargo-date.3D_requires_.7Cpmc.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|pmc-embargo-date=_requires_|pmc="></span><span id="embargo_missing_pmc">|pmc-embargo-date= requires |pmc=</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|pmc-embargo-date=_requires_|pmc="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-76 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-76"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|pmc-embargo-date=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|pmc=</code></span> </p><p>When <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|pmc-embargo-date=</code> is used in a CS1|2 template, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|pmc=</code> (with value) must also be present. </p><p>To resolve this error, either add the missing PMC or remove the 'broken' parameter. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_PMC_embargo" title="Category:CS1 errors: PMC embargo">Category:CS1 errors: PMC embargo</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(77)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|ssrn=_required" data-mw-thread-id="h-|ssrn=_required"><span id=".7Cssrn.3D_required"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|ssrn=_required"></span><span id="ssrn_missing">|ssrn= required</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|ssrn=_required"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-77 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-77"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|ssrn=</code> required</span> </p><p><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_SSRN" title="Template:Cite SSRN">cite SSRN</a>}}</code> requires the identifier parameter <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|ssrn=</code>. </p><p>To resolve this error, ensure that the template has <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|ssrn=</code> with a properly constructed value. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_SSRN" title="Category:CS1 errors: SSRN">Category:CS1 errors: SSRN</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(78)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id='Text_"????"_ignored' data-mw-thread-id='h-Text_"????"_ignored'><span id="Text_.22.3F.3F.3F.3F.22_ignored"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id='h-Text_"????"_ignored'></span><span id="text_ignored">Text "????" ignored</span><span data-mw-comment-end='h-Text_"????"_ignored'></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-78 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-78"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Text "????" ignored</span> </p><p>Unlike many Wikipedia templates, the <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates do not use unnamed or positional parameters. When a citation contains text between <a href="/wiki/Vertical_bar" title="Vertical bar">vertical bars</a> and that text does not contain an equal sign (=), CS1|2 ignores the text and reports the error. This is true even when the text is the name of a valid parameter. </p><p>This error can also be caused by vertical bars (pipe characters) that are part of URLs or titles. When vertical bars occur in URLs, replace each vertical bar with <code>%7C</code>. When vertical bars occur in parameter values that are not URLs, replace each vertical bar with <code>&#124;</code> or <code><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:!" title="Template:!">!</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></code>. </p><p>To resolve this error, remove the extraneous text, add '=', add an appropriate parameter name from the template you're using to complete the parameter, or properly encode vertical bars in URLs and titles. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_unrecognized_parameter" title="Category:CS1 errors: unrecognized parameter">Category:CS1 errors: unrecognized parameter</a> (5 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(79)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|trans-<param>=_requires_|<param>=_or_|script-<param>=" data-mw-thread-id="h-|trans-<param>=_requires_|<param>=_or_|script-<param>="><span id=".7Ctrans-.3Cparam.3E.3D_requires_.7C.3Cparam.3E.3D_or_.7Cscript-.3Cparam.3E.3D"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|trans-<param>=_requires_|<param>=_or_|script-<param>="></span><span id="trans_missing_title">|trans-<param>= requires |<param>= or |script-<param>=</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|trans-<param>=_requires_|<param>=_or_|script-<param>="></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-79 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-79"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|trans-<param>=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|<param>=</code> or <code class="cs1-code">|script-<param>=</code></span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates report this error when the citation has an English translation of the title in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|trans-title=</code> or chapter title in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|trans-chapter=</code> but does not have the original-language title in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code> or original-language chapter title in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter=</code>. </p><p>To resolve this error, provide the original language title for <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code> or chapter title for <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter=</code>. Consider adding <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|language=</code> if not already part of the citation. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_translated_title" title="Category:CS1 errors: translated title">Category:CS1 errors: translated title</a> (0 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(80)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Unknown_parameter_|<param>=_ignored" data-mw-thread-id="h-Unknown_parameter_|<param>=_ignored"><span id="Unknown_parameter_.7C.3Cparam.3E.3D_ignored"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Unknown_parameter_|<param>=_ignored"></span><span id="parameter_ignored">Unknown parameter |<param>= ignored<span id="parameter_ignored_suggest"> </span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Unknown_parameter_|<param>=_ignored"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-80 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-80"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|<param>=</code> ignored</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|<param>=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|<sparam>=</code> suggested)</span></li></ul> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates report this error when the name portion of a parameter's <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|name=value</code> pair is not recognized as a valid name. Typically, this is caused by spelling or capitalization errors or when a page is reverted to a version where the citation template did support the parameter. It can also be caused by the use of parameters that are valid in some, but not all, CS1|2 templates. For example, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> citations are sometimes erroneously created using <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|work=</code> when they should use <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code> instead. </p><p>The CS1|2 engine does not ignore unrecognized parameters. The purpose of the citation is to properly identify the source, not to act as a repository of notes and ancillary information. </p><p>CS1|2 template parameters are lower case. CS1|2 will report this error when the parameter's name contains uppercase letters (<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Xxxx, xxXx, XXXX</span>) but the parameter's name is defined as lowercase (<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">xxxx</span>). Some identifier parameters, like <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|isbn=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|pmc=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|doi=</code>, etc., can be either lower case or upper case, but not of mixed case (<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word; color: #006400;">|isbn=</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word; color: #006400;">|ISBN=</code> but not <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word; color: #8B0000;">|Isbn=</code>). For <a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions">common parameter misspellings</a>, like <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|pubisher=</code> instead of <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|publisher=</code> and some former template parameters, CS1|2 will suggest a valid parameter name. The <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#deprecated_params">list of deprecated and recently removed parameters</a> may contain additional information as well. </p><p>Reported unknown parameters following a <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|DUPLICATE_<param>=</code> scheme are created by <a href="/wiki/User:Citation_bot" title="User:Citation bot">Citation Bot</a> when it finds duplicate parameters <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|<param>=</code> in a template. </p><p>To resolve this error, replace the erroneous parameter name with a correct one, possibly using the suggested name. Ensure that the parameter's name is correctly spelled and that there are no characters except spaces between the parameter's name and the leading vertical bar (|) or trailing equals sign (=). A list of valid parameters can be found by consulting <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Help:Citation Style 1</a> or visiting the description page of the specific template being used, such as <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>, etc. Consider moving information associated with the unknown parameter into an appropriate parameter or to a section of the article's talk page for preservation. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_unsupported_parameter" title="Category:CS1 errors: unsupported parameter">Category:CS1 errors: unsupported parameter</a> (1,370 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(81)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="URL–wikilink_conflict" data-mw-thread-id="h-URL–wikilink_conflict"><span id="URL.E2.80.93wikilink_conflict"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-URL–wikilink_conflict"></span><span id="wikilink_in_url">URL–wikilink conflict</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-URL–wikilink_conflict"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-81 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-81"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">URL–wikilink conflict</span> </p><p>External links in a rendered citation are a combination of url-holding parameters, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|url=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter-url=</code>, etc., with title-holding parameters, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|chapter=</code>, etc. Title-holding parameters may be <a href="/wiki/Wikilink" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikilink">wikilinked</a> to another Wikipedia article but not when there is a matching url-holding parameter in the citation. When this condition occurs, the wikilink is suppressed, the wiki markup ignored, and the rendered citation links to the external site. </p><p>With <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>, auto-linking of the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|pmc=</code> or <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|doi=</code> parameter value can cause this condition to occur implicitly without a specific url-holding parameter. </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">templates</a> will also cause this error if they are part of a title-holding parameter. The error occurs when the template produces wikilinked content. For example, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Lang" title="Template:Lang">lang</a>}}</code> templates output a wikilinked category. Templates in title-holding parameters may also corrupt the citation's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COinS" title="Wikipedia:COinS">COinS</a> metadata. As a general rule, avoid using templates in title-holding parameters unless you know that the template's effects are entirely visual (<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:!" title="Template:!">!</a>}}</code> and the like). </p><p>This type of error may also occur in identifier-based templates (<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_doi" title="Template:Cite doi">cite doi</a>}}</code>, etc.). When this happens, the error message is shown in the article but the error is actually located in the identifier-based citation template. </p><p>To resolve this error, remove wikilinks from title-holding parameters that are intended to be externally linked or remove the external URL, which will allow the internal wikilinks to work as expected. If the conflict is implicitly caused through auto-linking (see above), this can be disabled using <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|title-link=none</code>. If wikilink-producing templates are important to the citation, move them out of the CS1 template but leave them inside the citation's <code class="nowrap" style=""><ref>...</ref></code> tags. Some of the functionality provided by templates may also be available through CS1 parameters. </p><p>To resolve errors in identifier-based citation templates, the template must be edited to correct the error. Exercise caution when editing these templates because identifier-based citation templates are often used in multiple articles. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_URL%E2%80%93wikilink_conflict" title="Category:CS1 errors: URL–wikilink conflict">Category:CS1 errors: URL–wikilink conflict</a> (1 page).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(82)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Vancouver_style_error" data-mw-thread-id="h-Vancouver_style_error"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Vancouver_style_error"></span><span id="vancouver">Vancouver style error</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Vancouver_style_error"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-82 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-82"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><p><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%">Vancouver style error: <type> in name <number></span> </p><p>This error is reported for citations that use <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|vauthors=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|veditors=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|name-list-style=vanc</code>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Vancouver style">Vancouver style</a> restricts author or editor names to the Latin alphabet. For the purposes of this test, <a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a> defines the Latin alphabet as the letters defined in the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> Latin character sets: </p> <dl><dd>C0 Controls and Basic Latin<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (0041–005A, 0061–007A)</dd> <dd>C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (00C0–00D6, 00D8–00F6, 00F8–00FF)</dd> <dd>Latin Extended-A<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (0100–017F)</dd> <dd>Latin Extended-B<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (0180–01BF, 01C4–024F)</dd></dl> <p>This error is also reported when more than two initials are used: in case of more than two initials, list only the first two. </p><p>This error is also reported when a corporate or institutional author is listed in <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|vauthors=</code> without proper delimiters. Corporate authors should be listed this way: </p> <dl><dd><code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|vauthors=First Surname FM, Surname AB, <span style="color:green;">((</span>Corporate or institutional Author<span style="color:green;">))</span>, Last Surname XY</code></dd></dl> <p>While normally correct, sometimes the names listed on a PMID page contain errors when the author surname has a lowercase <a href="/wiki/Nobiliary_particle" title="Nobiliary particle">nobiliary particle</a>. For example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17726700">17726700</a> lists Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz as Doeberitz Mv which is not correct. This author's name should be listed as <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|vauthors=von Knebel Doeberitz M</code>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Certain punctuation will be flagged as an error. For example, Unicode U+2019, right single quotation mark, causes an error because it is not a member of the Latin character sets identified above: <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|vauthors=Van<span style="color: red;">’</span>t Veer M</code>. Replace this character with the straight (or typewriter) apostrophe: <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|vauthors=Van<span style="color:green;">'</span>t Veer M</code>. </p><p>To resolve this error, Romanize author and editor names.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romanizing can result in two-letter initials, for example, the Greek letter 'Θ' Romanizes to 'Th'.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When author names have this kind of initial, Module:Citation/CS1 can't know if this kind of initial is a typo or a legitimate Romanized character so it will emit the Vancouver error. To suppress the error after determining that the two-character initial is correct and not a typo, treat the name as if it were a corporate name by wrapping it in <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup" title="Help:Citation Style 1">doubled parentheses</a>: <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|vauthors=..., Tatarinov IuS, ...</code> → <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|vauthors=..., ((Tatarinov IuS)), ...</code> </p><p>Similarly, Chinese hyphenated given names may appear in PubMed listings. For example: 'Wang Hsien-yu' may be listed on PubMed as 'Wang Hy' which will result in a Vancouver error. When this occurs, and upon verification that such names are correct, wrap them in doubled parentheses. </p><p>Specific rules for names:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7282/box/A33071/?report=objectonly">Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7282/box/A33081/?report=objectonly">Other surname rules</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7282/box/A33104/?report=objectonly">Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7282/box/A33118/?report=objectonly">Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7282/box/A33127/?report=objectonly">Designations of rank within a family, such as Jr and III</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7282/box/A33134/?report=objectonly">Names appearing in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7282/box/A33152/?report=objectonly">Organizations as author</a> <ul><li>CS1|2 does not obey the semicolon-as-separator rule. Separate corporate and organizational names from each other and from individual names with a comma; wrap corporate and organizational names in doubled parentheses as described above.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_Vancouver_style" title="Category:CS1 errors: Vancouver style">Category:CS1 errors: Vancouver style</a> (2 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(83)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="|volume=_has_extra_text" data-mw-thread-id="h-|volume=_has_extra_text"><span id=".7Cvolume.3D_has_extra_text"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-|volume=_has_extra_text"></span><span id="extra_text_volume">|volume= has extra text</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-|volume=_has_extra_text"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-83 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-83"> <div style="margin:.1em; float:right; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px; background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/20px-Symbol_question.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/30px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/40px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></div> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:120%"><code class="cs1-code">|volume=</code> has extra text</span> </p><p>The templates are responsible for static text rendered in the citation. When <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|volume=</code> is used in a template, cs1|2 formats the volume value according to the style corresponding with the publication type associated with the used citation template. </p><p>The templates emit this error message when some form of the word "volume" ("volume", "vol.") is found in the value assigned to <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|volume=</code>. </p><p>To resolve this error, remove the extraneous text from the parameter value. </p><p>Pages with this error are automatically placed in <a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_extra_text:_volume" title="Category:CS1 errors: extra text: volume">Category:CS1 errors: extra text: volume</a> (284 pages).<sup id="cite_ref-categories_1-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-categories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(84)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-84 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-84"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-categories-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-40"><sup><i><b>ao</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-41"><sup><i><b>ap</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-42"><sup><i><b>aq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-43"><sup><i><b>ar</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-44"><sup><i><b>as</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-45"><sup><i><b>at</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-46"><sup><i><b>au</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-47"><sup><i><b>av</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-48"><sup><i><b>aw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-49"><sup><i><b>ax</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-50"><sup><i><b>ay</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-51"><sup><i><b>az</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-52"><sup><i><b>ba</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-53"><sup><i><b>bb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-54"><sup><i><b>bc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-55"><sup><i><b>bd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-56"><sup><i><b>be</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-57"><sup><i><b>bf</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-58"><sup><i><b>bg</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-59"><sup><i><b>bh</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-60"><sup><i><b>bi</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-61"><sup><i><b>bj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-62"><sup><i><b>bk</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-63"><sup><i><b>bl</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-64"><sup><i><b>bm</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-65"><sup><i><b>bn</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-66"><sup><i><b>bo</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-67"><sup><i><b>bp</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-68"><sup><i><b>bq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-69"><sup><i><b>br</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-70"><sup><i><b>bs</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-71"><sup><i><b>bt</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-72"><sup><i><b>bu</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-73"><sup><i><b>bv</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-74"><sup><i><b>bw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-75"><sup><i><b>bx</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-76"><sup><i><b>by</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-77"><sup><i><b>bz</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-78"><sup><i><b>ca</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-79"><sup><i><b>cb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-80"><sup><i><b>cc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-categories_1-81"><sup><i><b>cd</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pages in the Category talk, Draft talk, File talk, Help talk, MediaWiki talk, Module talk, Portal talk, Talk, Template talk, User, User talk, and Wikipedia talk namespaces are not included in the tracking categories. In addition, pages with names matching the patterns '/[Ss]andbox', '/[Tt]estcases', '/[^/]*[Ll]og', and '/[Aa]rchive' are not included in the tracking categories.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(85)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-85 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-85"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-archive.org-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-archive.org_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archive.org_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org">"archive.org website"</a>. <i>Internet Archive</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Archive&rft.atitle=archive.org+website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACS1+errors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webcitation.org-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-webcitation.org_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webcitation.org_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org">"webcitation.org website"</a>. <i>WebCite</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WebCite&rft.atitle=webcitation.org+website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webcitation.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACS1+errors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/help/arxiv_identifier">"Understanding the arXiv identifier"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Library" title="Cornell University Library">Cornell University Library</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cornell+University+Library&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+arXiv+identifier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fhelp%2Farxiv_identifier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACS1+errors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs_doc/help_pages/data.html#bibcodes">"1.2.3 - Bibliographic Identifiers"</a>. <i>The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+SAO%2FNASA+Astrophysics+Data+System&rft.atitle=1.2.3+-+Bibliographic+Identifiers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs_doc%2Fhelp_pages%2Fdata.html%23bibcodes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACS1+errors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/marc/lccn-namespace.html#syntax">"The LCCN Namespace"</a>. <i>Network Development and MARC Standards Office</i>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. November 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Network+Development+and+MARC+Standards+Office&rft.atitle=The+LCCN+Namespace&rft.date=2003-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fmarc%2Flccn-namespace.html%23syntax&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACS1+errors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536">"Netnews Article Format"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a></i>. November 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536#section-3.1.3">3.1.3</a>. <a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536">5536</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Engineering+Task+Force&rft.atitle=Netnews+Article+Format&rft.pages=3.1.3&rft.date=2009-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Frfc5536%23id-name%3DRFC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Frfc5536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACS1+errors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/std66#section-3.1">"Scheme"</a>. <i>Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</i>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>. January 2005. <a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986">3986</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Scheme&rft.btitle=Uniform+Resource+Identifier+%28URI%29%3A+Generic+Syntax&rft.pub=Internet+Engineering+Task+Force&rft.date=2005-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Frfc3986%23id-name%3DRFC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Fstd66%23section-3.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACS1+errors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0000.pdf">"C0 Controls and Basic Latin"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode&rft.atitle=C0+Controls+and+Basic+Latin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FU0000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACS1+errors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf">"C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Unicode</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode&rft.atitle=C1+Controls+and+Latin-1+Supplement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FU0080.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACS1+errors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0100.pdf">"Latin Extended-A"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Unicode</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode&rft.atitle=Latin+Extended-A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FU0100.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACS1+errors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0180.pdf">"Latin Extended-B"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Unicode</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode&rft.atitle=Latin+Extended-B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FU0180.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACS1+errors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7282/box/A33081/">"Other surname rules"</a>. <i>National Center for Biotechnology Information</i>. 2018-05-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Center+for+Biotechnology+Information&rft.atitle=Other+surname+rules&rft.date=2018-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK7282%2Fbox%2FA33081%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACS1+errors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrias2007" class="citation book cs1">Patrias, Karen (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7258/box/A48818/">"Names in non-roman alphabets or character-based languages"</a>. In Wendling, Dan (ed.). <i>Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers</i> (2nd ed.). Bethesda, Maryland, USA: <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Medicine">National Library of Medicine</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Names+in+non-roman+alphabets+or+character-based+languages&rft.btitle=Citing+Medicine%3A+The+NLM+Style+Guide+for+Authors%2C+Editors%2C+and+Publishers&rft.place=Bethesda%2C+Maryland%2C+USA&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Patrias&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK7258%2Fbox%2FA48818%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACS1+errors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/greek.pdf">"Greek"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Library of Congress</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=Greek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Fcpso%2Fromanization%2Fgreek.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACS1+errors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrias2007" class="citation book cs1">Patrias, Karen (2007). Wendling, Dan (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7282/"><i>Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]</i></a> (2nd ed.). Bethesda, Maryland, USA: National Library of Medicine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Citing+Medicine%3A+The+NLM+Style+Guide+for+Authors%2C+Editors%2C+and+Publishers+%5BInternet%5D&rft.place=Bethesda%2C+Maryland%2C+USA&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Medicine&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Patrias&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK7282%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3ACS1+errors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_referencing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Template:Wikipedia referencing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Template talk:Wikipedia referencing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia referencing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_referencing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Wikipedia referencing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies and guidelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Biographies of living persons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">Medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Scientific_citation_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Scientific citation guidelines">Scientific citations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General advice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">Citation needed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Combining_sources" title="Wikipedia:Combining sources">Combining sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Offline_sources" title="Wikipedia:Offline sources">Offline sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Overview_of_referencing_styles" title="Help:Overview of referencing styles">Referencing styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_Vancouver" title="Help:Citation Style Vancouver">Citation Style Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bluebook_style_citation_templates" title="Category:Bluebook style citation templates">Bluebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Comics_citation_templates" title="Category:Comics citation templates">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation" title="Wikipedia:Inline citation">Inline citations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Punctuation_and_footnotes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Punctuation and footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Shortened_footnotes" title="Help:Shortened footnotes">Shortened footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes" title="Wikipedia:Nesting footnotes">Nesting footnotes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">Help for beginners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reftags" title="Help:Reftags">Reference-tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citations_quick_reference" title="Help:Citations quick reference">Citations quick reference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction to referencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners_with_citation_templates" title="Help:Referencing for beginners with citation templates">Referencing with citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners_without_using_templates" title="Help:Referencing for beginners without using templates">Referencing without using templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:References_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:References dos and don'ts">Referencing dos and don'ts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Citing Wikipedia">Citing Wikipedia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advanced help</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_link_labels" title="Help:Cite link labels">Cite link labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors" title="Help:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_merging" title="Help:Citation merging">Citation merging (bundling)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_messages" title="Help:Cite messages">Cite messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Converting_between_references_formats" title="Help:Converting between references formats">Converting between references formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reference_display_customization" title="Help:Reference display customization">Reference display customization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:References_and_page_numbers" title="Help:References and page numbers">References and page numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guidance_on_source_reviewing_at_FAC" title="Wikipedia:Guidance on source reviewing at FAC">Guidance on source reviewing at FAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Footnote_templates" title="Category:Footnote templates">Footnote templates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_Style_documentation" title="Template:Citation Style documentation">Citation Style documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Multiple_references" class="mw-disambig" title="Template:Multiple references">Multiple references</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">Reflist</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Refbegin" title="Template:Refbegin">Refbegin</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Find_sources" title="Help:Find sources">Find references </a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FIND" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FIND">How to find sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_bibliographies" title="Wikipedia:List of bibliographies">Bibliographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Wikipedia Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Resource_Exchange/Resource_Request" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request">Resource Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference Desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Book_sources" title="Wikipedia:Book sources">Book Sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources" title="Wikipedia:Free English newspaper sources">Free newspaper sources</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_tools" title="Help:Citation tools">Citation tools</a><br>(External links)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://citer.toolforge.org/">Citer</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sumsearch.org/cite/">Biomedical cite</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/citations/">Citation bot</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/makeref/">MakeRef</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://refill.toolforge.org/ng/">Refill</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/">WayBack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_help_pages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template talk:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_help_pages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Directory" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia help pages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><b>Visit the <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">Teahouse</a></i> or the <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></i> for an interactive <abbr title="questions and answers">Q & A</abbr> forum.</b></li></ul> <hr> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ" title="Wikipedia:FAQ">FAQs</a></b> <b><abbr title="This is a list of frequently asked questions about using and contributing to Wikipedia.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference desks</a></b> <b><abbr title="Works like a library reference desk. Ask a question here and Wikipedia volunteers will try to answer it.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Noticeboards" title="Wikipedia:Noticeboards">Noticeboards</a></b> <b><abbr title="Pages where editors can ask questions and request assistance from people who are familiar with the policies and guidelines covered by each individual board.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of the most commonly used Wiki markup and templates.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of Wikipedia's directories and indexes.">(?)</abbr></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia's governess and customs">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Purpose" title="Wikipedia:Purpose">Purpose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Principles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advice_for_parents" title="Wikipedia:Advice for parents">parental advice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Request_directory" title="Wikipedia:Request directory">Making requests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Who_writes_Wikipedia%3F" title="Wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia?">Who writes Wikipedia?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reader%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Reader's index to Wikipedia">Help for readers</a> <abbr title="Concerns and questions readers may have about Wikipedia">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers">FAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_book_creator_status" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia book creator status">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Copyright" title="Help:Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Glossary" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Navigation" title="Help:Navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Other_languages" title="Help:Other languages">Other languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Student_help" title="Help:Student help">Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Viewing_media" title="Help:Viewing media">Viewing media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia">Contributing<br>to Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Overviews and resources needed to comprehend, comment on, and edit">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guidance_for_younger_editors" title="Wikipedia:Guidance for younger editors">Advice for young editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoiding_common_mistakes" title="Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes">Avoiding common mistakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Simplified Manual of Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_ruleset" title="Wikipedia:Simplified ruleset">Simplified rule-set</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">"Ignore all rules"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_rules_are_principles" title="Wikipedia:The rules are principles">"The rules are principles"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Style-tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tip_of_the_day" title="Wikipedia:Tip of the day">Tip of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Your_first_article" title="Help:Your first article">Your first article</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">article wizard</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Getting_started" title="Help:Getting started">Getting started</a> <abbr title="Introductions and tutorials">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_create_an_account%3F" title="Wikipedia:Why create an account?">Why create an account?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Help:Introduction">Introductions by topic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">IRC <span style="font-size:85%;">(live chat)</span> tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">VisualEditor user guide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Dos and don'ts">Dos and don'ts</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia policies, guidelines, and formatting standards in bullet points">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accessibility_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Accessibility dos and don'ts">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biography_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Biography dos and don'ts">Biographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons dos and don'ts">Biographies (living)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Categorization dos and don'ts">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Consensus dos and don'ts">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Talk dos and don'ts">Discussions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation dos and don'ts">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Image dos and don'ts">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lead_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Lead dos and don'ts">Leads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Linking_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Linking dos and don'ts">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:List dos and don'ts">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:References_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:References dos and don'ts">References</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Table_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Table dos and don'ts">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_title_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Article title dos and don'ts">Titles (of articles)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">How-to pages</a> and<br><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">information pages</a> <abbr title="Topic specific informative and instructional pages">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">Appealing blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to deletion">Article deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citations_quick_reference" title="Help:Citations quick reference">Citations/references</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">Referencing for beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors" title="Help:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:References_and_page_numbers" title="Help:References and page numbers">References and page numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Convert" title="Help:Convert">Convert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Minor_edit" title="Help:Minor edit">Minor edit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">edit conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Find_sources" title="Help:Find sources">Find sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_image_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to image deletion">Image deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Infobox" title="Help:Infobox">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Linking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">link color</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">Merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:How_to_move_a_page" title="Help:How to move a page">Renaming pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Passwords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Email_confirmation" title="Help:Email confirmation">Email confirmation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Simple_guide_to_vandalism_cleanup" title="Help:Simple guide to vandalism cleanup">Simple vandalism cleanup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk pages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">archiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">simple archiving</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:WP_search_protocol" title="Help:WP search protocol">WP search protocol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wiki_markup" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiki markup">Coding</a> <abbr title="Wikitext information consists of the syntax used to format a page">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wiki markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Calculation" title="Help:Calculation">Calculations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Elevation" title="Help:Elevation">Elevation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Music symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion">Transclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual files</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia's directories and indexes">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Wikipedia:Contents">Contents</a> <small>(Encyclopedia proper)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Department_directory" title="Wikipedia:Department directory">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editor%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Editor's index to Wikipedia">Editor's index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Essay_directory" title="Wikipedia:Essay directory">Essays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Index">FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Manual of Style </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">Policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance" title="Wikipedia:Maintenance">Tasks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tips" title="Wikipedia:Tips">Tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div><b> <a href="/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual">Missing Manual</a></b> <hr> <span class="noprint plainlinks" title="Edit Special:MyTalk"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:MyTalk&action=edit&section=new&preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload&preloadtitle=Help+me%21"><b>Ask for help on your talk page</b></a></span> <b><abbr title="If you need help, you can use this link to ask a question on your talk page; a volunteer will visit you there shortly!">(?)</abbr></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:CS1_errors&oldid=1257241258">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:CS1_errors&oldid=1257241258</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Help:CS1_errors&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="PrimeHunter" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1731540001"> <span>Last edited on 13 November 2024, at 23:20</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulp:AS1-foute" title="Hulp:AS1-foute – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hulp:AS1-foute" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%86%D1%85%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0:CS1_errors" title="Ацхыраара:CS1 errors – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ацхыраара:CS1 errors" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF:%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="সাহায্য:উদ্ধৃতি শৈলী ত্রুটি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাহায্য:উদ্ধৃতি শৈলী ত্রুটি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymorth:CS1_errors" title="Cymorth:CS1 errors – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cymorth:CS1 errors" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:CS1-fejl" title="Hjælp:CS1-fejl – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hjælp:CS1-fejl" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9:CS1_errors" title="معاونة:CS1 errors – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="معاونة:CS1 errors" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juhend:Viitamismallide_vead" title="Juhend:Viitamismallide vead – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Juhend:Viitamismallide vead" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%AE%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%A3%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%8E%CE%BD_CS1" title="Βοήθεια:Σφάλματα παραπομπών CS1 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βοήθεια:Σφάλματα παραπομπών CS1" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayuda:Errores_en_las_referencias" title="Ayuda:Errores en las referencias – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ayuda:Errores en las referencias" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="راهنما:خطاهای الگوی یادکرد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راهنما:خطاهای الگوی یادکرد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axuda:Erros_nas_referencias" title="Axuda:Erros nas referencias – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Axuda:Erros nas referencias" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%9D%B8%EC%9A%A9_%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%98_%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90" title="위키백과:인용 오류 도움말 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키백과:인용 오류 도움말" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6:CS1_%D5%BD%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Օգնություն:CS1 սխալներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օգնություն:CS1 սխալներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B81_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81" title="सहायता:सीएस1 त्रुटियाँ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सहायता:सीएस1 त्रुटियाँ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulong:Dagiti_biddut_ti_CS1" title="Tulong:Dagiti biddut ti CS1 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tulong:Dagiti biddut ti CS1" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bantuan:Galat CS1" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE:Xeletiy%C3%AAn_%C3%A7avkaniy%C3%AA" title="Alîkarî:Xeletiyên çavkaniyê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alîkarî:Xeletiyên çavkaniyê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:CS1_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="സഹായം:CS1 പിഴവുകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സഹായം:CS1 പിഴവുകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:CS1_errors" title="مساعدة:CS1 errors – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مساعدة:CS1 errors" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%82%A8%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC" title="Help:CS1テンプレートエラー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Help:CS1テンプレートエラー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjelp:CS1-feil" title="Hjelp:CS1-feil – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hjelp:CS1-feil" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjelp:CS1-feil" title="Hjelp:CS1-feil – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hjelp:CS1-feil" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97:CS1_errors" title="ସହଯୋଗ:CS1 errors – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସହଯୋଗ:CS1 errors" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yordam:MU1_xatolari" title="Yordam:MU1 xatolari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yordam:MU1 xatolari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors" title="لارښود:CS1 errors – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لارښود:CS1 errors" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:Erros_nas_refer%C3%AAncias" title="Ajuda:Erros nas referências – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ajuda:Erros nas referências" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ajutor:Erori CS1" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9E%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_CS1/2" title="Википедия:Ошибки шаблонов CS1/2 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Википедия:Ошибки шаблонов CS1/2" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors" title="Help:CS1 errors – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Help:CS1 errors" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:CS1_errors" title="උදවු:CS1 errors – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උදවු:CS1 errors" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors" title="Help:CS1 errors – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Help:CS1 errors" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B31_%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="مدد:سي ايس1 غلطيون – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مدد:سي ايس1 غلطيون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Napake_CS1" title="Pomoč:Napake CS1 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pomoč:Napake CS1" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%9B:CS1_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Помоћ:CS1 грешке – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Помоћ:CS1 грешке" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF:CS1_errors" title="உதவி:CS1 errors – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உதவி:CS1 errors" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%81%B8%E1%80%BD%E1%82%86%E1%82%88%E1%80%91%E1%82%85%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA:CS1_errors" title="လွင်ႈၸွႆႈထႅမ်:CS1 errors – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="လွင်ႈၸွႆႈထႅမ်:CS1 errors" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:CS1_errors" title="సహాయం:CS1 errors – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సహాయం:CS1 errors" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:KB1_hatalar%C4%B1" title="Yardım:KB1 hataları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yardım:KB1 hataları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_CS1" title="Довідка:Помилки CS1 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Довідка:Помилки CS1" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:L%E1%BB%97i_CS1" title="Trợ giúp:Lỗi CS1 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trợ giúp:Lỗi CS1" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors" title="Help:CS1 errors – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Help:CS1 errors" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF" title="Help:引文格式1错误 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Help:引文格式1错误" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertulungan:CS1_errors" title="Pertulungan:CS1 errors – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Pertulungan:CS1 errors" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 November 2024, at 23:20<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a 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