CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "dl.acm.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '92489e3709d8fe86',cH: 'FhQBnM6i.804UeHiiY5xKAv5UNDjgShpQzzKVu6rfYQ-1742677220-1.2.1.1-jYuBItXQdH9bEAjvtFQgFVW6Sy3W21SWvyhOPZ_eyzSE86eLHRR_RhvKYhvFyzMT',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1145\/3649217.3653594?__cf_chl_tk=r5PeRWO_pIpAxyQxXFKGFEXI0oD3Yo0tYmishnqUMdo-1742677220-1.0.1.1-j8uHVFkQozHslfrQQYA0gorCnA8Ve.46sMzJZ59bFGs",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1742677220',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1145\/3649217.3653594?__cf_chl_f_tk=r5PeRWO_pIpAxyQxXFKGFEXI0oD3Yo0tYmishnqUMdo-1742677220-1.0.1.1-j8uHVFkQozHslfrQQYA0gorCnA8Ve.46sMzJZ59bFGs",md: "R1jhhf2z7NHZX1nLT4M1diTKEe9PGaxPsimXUTe.ZIg-1742677220-1.2.1.1-E2T7DhYo005Byb4v7lMeprHYeo4g47wX_nh.ptajhkY8g2WS.m_EVqHZp7cRSOK5nag2qYZohzz4VGaKgIhKHwxrzoImvF0qD9AIRBm3nVY91uusaV5pDSOUpGYX8TPbTE.1FY8wABmeEgV9R7wZU6kDJ6GBC54aa9CsqjZN5_PS68Ti_XgNY_q6uXAZu67waCewOZpn2DIPnr3sXJ.F6zdIqIwFLT71X0c0KE1YwrAlm.Vl4XJqjotWuW4zlQLKzXrRQrOUjcYspiZ1oQiv_L54.cs1n.1jbf6q6yCYIYxt6yGsKe6Z68E10Q8Nj57CdHNBKaslyH2gPOeQXznJwEpGLstyHr9AjlFv.S8kP35y6BNvaP7dSPd0fxI4Dg4gwajHOV.ue6h0PWtrodBv6LBAI0k1t2JF8_wHzkBCDblmTX9J1XUIuDBWq7qVFmbEF68m2FQBl_e9PxEGO9VCbKc9mS0KuQ2kezQro3zVBSaNcOAjZQKoEEb4E.WIE9DZD._LNHWAdCpQCw34Tn9UNX4paWjvXNX9KSqXldQp7CIKGzua8wV3tNqs_4JM_qxu_YowseFvdmF4wQxf4zWGkklHhxjm3CHr7PXqXt753QVL4jEKSpJJsxh_BnAlC1937LxDFU3diKOQKES7F2ZczOrkG98YRqVl91c9PE05LIb8TkALZOxSYusjwLiXoNq9SGP_82FiSZ_fmWjBRJv9N2JoYDwCcbNPBkac932J7rQJMRxWkckrnhd9ieqnGursZiI8Ms3N2_L1qUcSh.a5YHcg0c.wwkZonQLqs.BCh.gDCw7DnerqrKbR6xSIdAxNeysIwtFNjTPY8oNEvnbqMg4cmtcIWH._rHaIZvtVEw1lb8lgQhy8IuIbf6OAcJClRdu9eFCbXNQRD9wBkTBbtDACgx_UOQGTB6IZpl4F3b68FWhOJk6XAE4THwB9LWMg2TowUyT9iLo9d3YGCu8TPcZE89SGS8THyUvi2BJMFOxsSp4_YhJvpMrVz4BFL6ur0H.XIr4T9eHSegTjIFU19cZi6azc55E9A2TosoIN3296yHugEckFZ62jH6sxbQ9DzSgDJSE4qocWNwEhlS6BV5tpA_46MnE0SMiqb_QaSqzJ8FLURxXDAfLfL4utw5G.SDfFsTJ.BWl1vGy4YuxVYXo9VKnKivAQ2u3lxbfqU.lI1C77asLlnOJbqSJyXmmFgyGo8l1iLYqxBP5llKpY_CrWxn2xwV9hs73qGJ4.oZyrWSxuqo6dkV96x7PXPhMLc.1icovAHJ3ueFP2a8lkRA",mdrd: "H1XkdNUu2aQ_tplnGtDVwaXssa7fZ9rBHGMvVbdSVt0-1742677220-1.2.1.1-RfQvU4rXcd0MBG9X6H5w33ixUp1C9fw.WWDuSR38xaHLoFFysr3PyTYkQej7KH7g1M.SyOJT4ImRptYhcyYHgu.lMEFf4MY2EE_RnqzSqCYDBKY2paZLqAvJAGIc.BROjHjBbAnQHaUL7vimZHhv8oqy.wN_yau0U4eEGfNMPBkwzV21lPq_26xO9qc6tnQLNCkyUQYxD6i2VKDdYv949yWoOgqYjtQ5dl7fpCMKttLBjS1oNS9pJ0Tvr._8wRINEwe1ucBgq3HrvSQBo96q7HTNaqETDqY2FVzUzMYcv.PFo5J9Y59hfDK7VVKyUlO7uGEkR_gYGj0rWpDmkCSTtTb.m87AesNnI8CrRuEDBWuH0BnRAPKDoZ6NGnEFq1oLSjY3fQUApsKlIpAevYSUJj2T8Tgf1solfNwC5FEUsK1IO5v5fbCdVPKR8JfWARtyLXt9MYDhC62cZwdgrJDVET3bSnJNcslUTE9S9Job6hhnaHjjZpnZ0.Ff3YB4IOEb1EHzOrGW4bVwSoxu3cD1CrXadNMGBZZOnESRoeim76V43ehF6Z3m5nSvwJ175UQKHZ9CpHpNHLGMmqxGZOJnuEtRy9ODPESKb22h_HjEpdRySJGZLiyMpzRS12chOCAkzeW3kvFGQvznQW32lrRrLYiMCok27RWrnXlKcoaqgjRfMEj6.98I6TLsWV2ZejtCOX0eNZGSK0RTNVg1Jdd9lC4Lo1Ej2AYwy5PT0xyzhiWUmRKbByzL6rdZcyLnNXW.qgcrTL0fKru4NjVhEo0E1x9TQXEKdcudmMZ3LiecVNrbQ4wTK0XLCg0s99_aATawIfWGYybpWJUOKlqYH9NyErNN0iepjz92uEwDdywY.1_joGbz0Vo2mDtLTf5emdNW2cnAYkaD05rIBS.ZRwGSgHdQdVk1Pc1_ZX9VFVuE2i8.igAp249K_Q1Y.PPBDAQSogfltBVyryCJ9JxyAdu7inpINnjWVINsufdJaXfQbZ1uCY4Bak8_5kDg9uVDO.Imypyd4z_lKOVS3IwwFexScn7ffCypj0WlI6aa2RhCuHTIqYnS4I8yhcXuaTK_EDuhju_pE4.IQeylZAHCDzFYRC8S9RYJoDgKtLWlcOhsZ_qvlLwQ2XgOqN_IRM0wqzQ6eU73xIX23E.CkTz30NlII9MQFGr7qMDpkW8Qzt1Q5JXFtfFhoH47qEZzMxmortD8E0S5Lc5msW7HVAsFyUmWELw1hoWNhzUqC05MTTYAlQ4898nGf2r6NPbSjz58eSuHbpLkPYc.rMKt2KQF4JMsMrG3jE.4l7L_7GNLl_ZRFDXKPx9mrkpauqbrUD_I4I66V7_QcNSxMU2MIaszFlg_gRGmU6mNNcsCCgVCuEzZo_fWDjD_1HtcqJINpHaEC6oiQ.1xa33cZNeKkDk5USbC99oXu15if_aD3CykTeFS.JeF6dNOqN2ty_uNJCmACJ7tKEmYLKFE0JDNfj3fAHY2K89jQo_FfPJa1viWJ8J44XI8FW8mh5.ZLGm_hYjTss9.nW_FnOPArQ_pDeV35frN3AFRe5kTZJCeno3dpMbby3Dib9r6Q40cDFKdWEqzYVdWfY.M9EPRPRPPmZQKwGlBKWC1OOyzaAkbn0N3YzRGZPeC5PG4jM1MnnoCgDw6h7IvYGOKiO46nsxt9f2rxH8HbvjYT7rRXlSpcB4Qdo3CpaUcYCxepuCQX1IPwkjKySerXlH1RSa9LlHDDLscf_fZrZUkpkCaQT.JlZL3UCBveAD_8rCiLmJNYg..01v.weBD9FIUD8t67LnOPv8dKHQC9_adJOYK6umXfxc2Fx82X1c1eAl0xMjJ72lursM8dZK5cYaCt92U5o_iTLRRNG9JIT7e3S1rimbe9z0ZU_TeL.quaG4kSfV5tgtxSGf9pYN3GLxb2WaKh16L_2..fz9h8pLXX1p5OMP9FTmmGmq34UTtEj24OCJ1a_I6i82J8QoA0iOhqCIfrWs4v7ZFMB4AqBeXkAzCyBzoWpue64iBvN_sjG1Pm0eTVUJdK68qZAt7"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=92489e3709d8fe86';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1145\/3649217.3653594?__cf_chl_rt_tk=r5PeRWO_pIpAxyQxXFKGFEXI0oD3Yo0tYmishnqUMdo-1742677220-1.0.1.1-j8uHVFkQozHslfrQQYA0gorCnA8Ve.46sMzJZ59bFGs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>