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It's time to lazy-load offscreen iframes! | Articles | web.dev
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cx='109.3' cy='13.8' r='93.1' gradientTransform='matrix(-.02 1.1 -1.04 -.02 137 -115)' xlink:href='%23s-b'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-opacity='0' /%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%235488d6' stop-opacity='0' /%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%235d96eb' /%3E%3C/radialGradient%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Crect width='220' height='220' x='22' y='-107' fill='url(%23s-a)' ry='49' transform='matrix(.57 0 0 .57 187 256)' /%3E%3Cg transform='translate(194 190)'%3E%3Ccircle cx='67.8' cy='67.7' fill='url(%23s-c)' paint-order='stroke fill markers' r='54' /%3E%3Ccircle cx='-69.9' cy='69.3' fill='url(%23s-i)' transform='translate(138 -2)' r='54' /%3E%3C/g%3E%3Cellipse cx='120' cy='14.2' fill='url(%23s-j)' rx='93.1' ry='93.7' transform='matrix(.58 0 0 .58 192 250)' /%3E%3Cg transform='matrix(.58 0 0 .57 197 182)'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23cac7c8' d='M46 192h1l72-48-7-9-66 57Z' /%3E%3Cpath fill='%23fbfffc' d='M46 191v1l66-57-7-9-59 65Z' /%3E%3Cpath fill='url(%23s-d)' d='m119 144-7-9 66-57-59 66Z' /%3E%3Cpath fill='%23fb645c' d='m105 126 7 9 66-57-1-1-72 49Z' /%3E%3C/g%3E%3Cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-miterlimit='1' stroke-width='1.3' d='m287 278 3-2m-12-17 8-2m-8-3h4m-4-13 8 2m-8 3h4m-1-13 7 3m-4-11 7 4m-2-11 6 6m0-12 6 7m1-11 4 6m4-10 3 7m5-9 2 7m15-7-1 7m10-5-3 7m11-4-4 7m11-2-5 6m16 7-7 4m10 4-7 3m10 6-8 1m8 16-8-2m5 10-7-3m4 11-7-4m2 11-6-5m0 11-5-6m-2 11-4-7m-4 11-3-8m-6 10-1-8m-16 8 2-8m-10 5 3-7m-11 4 4-7m-11 2 5-6m-8 3 3-3m4 8 2-3m5 8 2-4m6 7 1-4m8 5v-4m8 4v-4m9 3-1-4m9 1-2-4m9 0-2-4m9-2-3-3m8-4-3-2m8-5-4-2m7-6-4-1m5-8h-4m4-8h-4m3-9-4 1m1-9-4 2m-1-9-3 2m-2-9-3 3m-4-8-2 3m-5-8-2 4m-6-6-1 3m-8-5v4m-8-4v4m-9-2 1 3m-9 0 2 3m-9 1 2 3m-9 2 3 3m-8 4 3 2m-8 5 4 2m-7 6 4 1m-4 25 4-1m-2 5 7-3m-6 7 4-2m-2 6 7-4m-13-21h8m41-41v-8m0 99v-8m49-42h-8' transform='translate(-65 8)' /%3E%3C/svg%3E" > <span aria-hidden="true"> 16.4 </span> </li> </ul> </div> </p> <p>Lazy-loading of <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><iframe></code> elements defers offscreen iframes from being loaded until the user scrolls near them. This saves data, speeds up the loading of other parts of the page, and reduces memory usage.</p> <p>As with <a href="/articles/browser-level-image-lazy-loading">lazy-loading for images</a>, use the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">loading</code> attribute to tell the browser you want to lazy-load an iframe.</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="GDScript"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><<span class="devsite-syntax-n">iframe</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">src</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"https://example.com"</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">loading</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"lazy"</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">width</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"600"</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">height</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"400"</span>><<span class="devsite-syntax-o">/</span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">iframe</span>> </code></pre></devsite-code> <p>This <a href="https://lazy-load.netlify.app/iframes/">demo</a> of <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><iframe loading=lazy></code> shows lazy-loading video embeds:</p> <video controls playsinline autoplay loop muted> <source src="/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/video/web-dev-assets/iframe-lazy-loading/lazyload-iframes-compressed.webm" type="video/webm"> <source src="/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/video/web-dev-assets/iframe-lazy-loading/lazyload-iframes-compressed.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video> <h2 id="why" data-text="Why lazy-load iframes?" tabindex="-1">Why lazy-load iframes?</h2> <p>Third-party embeds cover a wide range of use cases, from video players to social media posts to ads. This content is often not immediately visible in the user's viewport, but users still pay the cost of downloading data and costly JavaScript for each frame, even if they don't scroll to it.</p> <figure> <img src="/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/data-savings-using-ifram-721849ff3b329.png" alt="Data-savings from using iframe lazy-loading for an iframe. Eager loading pulls in 3MB in this example, while lazy-loading does not pull in this code until the user scrolls closer to the iframe." width="800" height="460" srcset="https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/data-savings-using-ifram-721849ff3b329_36.png 36w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/data-savings-using-ifram-721849ff3b329_48.png 48w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/data-savings-using-ifram-721849ff3b329_72.png 72w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/data-savings-using-ifram-721849ff3b329_96.png 96w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/data-savings-using-ifram-721849ff3b329_480.png 480w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/data-savings-using-ifram-721849ff3b329_720.png 720w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/data-savings-using-ifram-721849ff3b329_856.png 856w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/data-savings-using-ifram-721849ff3b329_960.png 960w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/data-savings-using-ifram-721849ff3b329_1440.png 1440w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/data-savings-using-ifram-721849ff3b329_1920.png 1920w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/data-savings-using-ifram-721849ff3b329_2880.png 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 856px"> <figcaption class="wd-caption">Eagerly loading offscreen iframes means users waste data by downloading elements they might never see.</figcaption> </figure> <p>Based on Chrome's research into <a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/automatically-lazy-loading-offscreen.html">automatically lazy-loading offscreen iframes for Data Saver users</a>, lazy-loading iframes could lead to 2-3% median data savings, 1-2% <a href="/articles/fcp">First Contentful Paint</a> reductions at the median, and 2% <a href="/articles/fid">First Input Delay</a> (FID) improvements at the 95th percentile.</p> <p>Lazy-loading off-screen iframes can also improve your page's <a href="/articles/lcp">Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)</a>. Because iframes often need a significant amount of bandwidth to load all their subresources, lazy-loading offscreen iframes can reduce bandwidth contention on network-constrained devices, leaving more bandwidth to load resources that contribute to a page's LCP.</p> <h2 id="how" data-text="How does built-in lazy-loading for iframes work?" tabindex="-1">How does built-in lazy-loading for iframes work?</h2> <p>The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">loading</code> attribute lets a browser defer loading offscreen iframes and images until users scroll near them. <code translate="no" dir="ltr">loading</code> supports two values:</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">lazy</code>: a good candidate for lazy-loading.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">eager</code>: not a good candidate for lazy-loading. Load right away.</li> </ul> <p>Using the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">loading</code> attribute on iframes works as follows:</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="HTML"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><!-- Lazy-load the iframe --> <iframe src="https://example.com" loading="lazy" width="600" height="400"></iframe> <!-- Eagerly load the iframe --> <iframe src="https://example.com" width="600" height="400"></iframe> </code></pre></devsite-code> <p>Not specifying the attribute has the same impact as explicitly eagerly loading the resource.</p> <p>If you need to <em>dynamically</em> create iframes using JavaScript, setting <code translate="no" dir="ltr">iframe.loading = 'lazy'</code> on the element is also <a href="https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=993273">supported</a>:</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="GDScript"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><span class="devsite-syntax-k">var</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">iframe</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">document</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">createElement</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s1">'iframe'</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">);</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-n">iframe</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">src</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-s1">'https://example.com'</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">;</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-n">iframe</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">loading</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-s1">'lazy'</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">;</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-n">document</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">body</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">appendChild</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">iframe</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">);</span> </code></pre></devsite-code> <h2 id="impact" data-text="How does lazy-loading popular iframe embeds impact the user experience?" tabindex="-1">How does lazy-loading popular iframe embeds impact the user experience?</h2> <p>Making lazy-loading iframes the default would make websites much more responsive. The following examples show Time to Interactive (TTI) improvements and data savings for media embeds, but lazy-loading advertising iframes can give similar benefits.</p> <h3 id="youtube" data-text="YouTube" tabindex="-1">YouTube</h3> <p>Lazy-loading YouTube video embeds saves around 500KB on initial page load:</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="GDScript"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><<span class="devsite-syntax-n">iframe</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">src</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"https://www.youtube.com/embed/YJGCZCaIZkQ"</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">loading</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"lazy"</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">width</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"560"</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">height</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"315"</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">frameborder</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"0"</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">allow</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">=</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"accelerometer; autoplay;</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">encrypted</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">-</span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">media</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">;</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">gyroscope</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">;</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">picture</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">-</span><span class="devsite-syntax-ow">in</span><span class="devsite-syntax-o">-</span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">picture</span><span class="devsite-syntax-s2">"</span> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">allowfullscreen</span>><<span class="devsite-syntax-o">/</span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">iframe</span>> </code></pre></devsite-code> <figure> <img src="/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/chromecom-achieved-10-s-80c4aa3655294.png" alt="Chrome.com achieved a 10 second reduction in Time To Interactive by lazy-loading offscreen iframes for their YouTube video embed" width="800" height="460" srcset="https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/chromecom-achieved-10-s-80c4aa3655294_36.png 36w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/chromecom-achieved-10-s-80c4aa3655294_48.png 48w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/chromecom-achieved-10-s-80c4aa3655294_72.png 72w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/chromecom-achieved-10-s-80c4aa3655294_96.png 96w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/chromecom-achieved-10-s-80c4aa3655294_480.png 480w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/chromecom-achieved-10-s-80c4aa3655294_720.png 720w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/chromecom-achieved-10-s-80c4aa3655294_856.png 856w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/chromecom-achieved-10-s-80c4aa3655294_960.png 960w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/chromecom-achieved-10-s-80c4aa3655294_1440.png 1440w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/chromecom-achieved-10-s-80c4aa3655294_1920.png 1920w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/chromecom-achieved-10-s-80c4aa3655294_2880.png 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 856px"> <figcaption class="wd-caption">Chrome.com reduced its TTI by 10 seconds by lazy-loading offscreen YouTube embeds.</figcaption> </figure> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> If you're looking for more efficient ways to load YouTube embeds, you might be interested in the <a href="https://github.com/paulirish/lite-youtube-embed">YouTube lite component</a>.</span></aside> <h3 id="instagram" data-text="Instagram" tabindex="-1">Instagram</h3> <p>Instagram embeds provide a block of markup and a script that injects an iframe into your page. Lazy-loading this iframe avoids having to load all the script the embed needs, and can save about 100 kB on initial load. Because these embeds are often displayed below the viewport in most articles, this is a reasonable candidate for iframe lazy-loading.</p> <h3 id="spotify" data-text="Spotify" tabindex="-1">Spotify</h3> <p>Lazy-loading Spotify embeds can save 514 KB on initial load.</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="HTML"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><iframe src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/album/1DFixLWuPkv3KT3TnV35m3" loading="lazy" width="300" height="380" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" allow="encrypted-media"></iframe> </code></pre></devsite-code> <h3 id="facebook" data-text="Facebook's social plugins" tabindex="-1">Facebook's social plugins</h3> <p>Facebook <em>social plugins</em> let developers embed Facebook content in their web pages. The most popular of these is the <a href="https://developers.facebook.com/docs/plugins/like-button/">Like plugin</a>, a button that shows how many users have "liked" the page. By default, embedding the Like plugin in a web page using the Facebook JSSDK pulls in around 215 KB of resources, 197 KB of which is JavaScript. The plugin often appears at the end of an article or near the end of a page, so loading it eagerly when it's offscreen can be suboptimal.</p> <figure> <img src="/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/facebook-button-e0eb339d5d796.png" alt="Facebook's Like plugin" width="800" height="71" srcset="https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/facebook-button-e0eb339d5d796_36.png 36w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/facebook-button-e0eb339d5d796_48.png 48w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/facebook-button-e0eb339d5d796_72.png 72w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/facebook-button-e0eb339d5d796_96.png 96w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/facebook-button-e0eb339d5d796_480.png 480w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/facebook-button-e0eb339d5d796_720.png 720w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/facebook-button-e0eb339d5d796_856.png 856w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/facebook-button-e0eb339d5d796_960.png 960w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/facebook-button-e0eb339d5d796_1440.png 1440w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/facebook-button-e0eb339d5d796_1920.png 1920w,https://web.dev/static/articles/iframe-lazy-loading/image/facebook-button-e0eb339d5d796_2880.png 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 856px"> <figcaption class="wd-caption">Facebook's Like plugin.</figcaption> </figure> <p>Thanks to engineer Stoyan Stefanov, <a href="https://developers.facebook.com/docs/plugins/like-button#settings">all of Facebook's social plugins now support standardized iframe lazy-loading</a>. Developers who opt into lazy-loading through the plugins' <code translate="no" dir="ltr">data-lazy</code> configuration can now prevent these plugins loading until the user scrolls nearby. This lets the embed keep functioning for users that need it, while saving data for users who don't scroll all the way down a page. We are hopeful this is the first of many embeds to explore standardized iframe lazy-loading in production.</p> <h2 id="more-control" data-text="When you want more control over iframe lazy-loading" tabindex="-1">When you want more control over iframe lazy-loading</h2> <p>Browser-level iframe lazy loading is <a href="https://caniuse.com/loading-lazy-attr">well supported across all the major browsers</a> and is recommended for most use cases, to remove the need for extra dependencies on JavaScript.</p> <p>However, if you have a need to support older browsers or want to have more control over lazy-loading thresholds then you can use a third-party library to lazy-load iframes on your site. The <a href="https://github.com/aFarkas/lazysizes">lazysizes</a> JavaScript library is one such library that allows additional options should you need it.</p> <h2 id="exceptions" data-text="Are there exceptions to offscreen iframe lazy loading?" tabindex="-1">Are there exceptions to offscreen iframe lazy loading?</h2> <p>An early experiment with automatically lazy-loading iframes for Data Saver users in Chrome had an exception for hidden iframes, often used for communications or analytics. These were prevented from loading lazily, and always loaded to prevent breaking those features.</p> <p>The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">loading</code> attribute doesn't apply these heuristics, so the developer always gets to choose what gets lazy-loaded. The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">loading</code> attribute should always be honored, subject to distance limits and other browser choices (such as printing).</p> <h2 id="resources" data-text="Resources" tabindex="-1">Resources</h2> <p>For more lazy-loading ideas, see web.dev's <a href="/explore/fast#lazy-load-images-and-video">image and video lazy-loading collection</a>.</p> <p><em>With thanks to Dom Farolino, Scott Little, Houssein Djirdeh, Simon Pieters, Kayce Basques, Joe Medley, and Stoyan Stefanov for their reviews.</em></p> </div> <devsite-thumb-rating position="footer"> </devsite-thumb-rating> <div class="devsite-floating-action-buttons"> </div> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> <p>Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache 2.0 License</a>. 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