CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "rupress.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8ead40dffe7eef69',cH: 'Efph.55PPr1mhCFcKchn_HDxA89RtFpqu4pqyzxhbD8-1732995041-1.2.1.1-fB0PXqVzgUErhHzvzkADpdcKpL8tdL.71jqvaiKy_xgWx3Ak0n1CeYiiylb.zM23',cUPMDTk: "\/jcb\/article\/17\/1\/208\/1220\/THE-USE-OF-LEAD-CITRATE-AT-HIGH-pH-AS-AN-ELECTRON?__cf_chl_tk=Kq16P1BeRYUIA2PkBOqMsTqYlXKofC5eZVWrvZSDEmY-1732995041-1.0.1.1-EkspOeM3cggbtPpXWL8txPtAQA20mvR8ScwZW3g4vzA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732995041',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/jcb\/article\/17\/1\/208\/1220\/THE-USE-OF-LEAD-CITRATE-AT-HIGH-pH-AS-AN-ELECTRON?__cf_chl_f_tk=Kq16P1BeRYUIA2PkBOqMsTqYlXKofC5eZVWrvZSDEmY-1732995041-1.0.1.1-EkspOeM3cggbtPpXWL8txPtAQA20mvR8ScwZW3g4vzA",md: "QQ.6gG80T39Fas50qXd7xOncfQKoqJAKg_qyZrvIU.I-1732995041-1.2.1.1-_hgVK6as3RPokmjZaAYQLzbkgOBsgzQI8Psntbwkmy9L0CLTyBa8aNX6tjVnSOEh5v7lq1mqoV9._gLUgpdj0FkWVTQQrC38TMOLFr_5rpCRhPOH_ZuxZYTqtN3R06yF1VChI9v4hgJhoBmm1XZvu_oOMW0DO4GdeQIr3I.VUzQn0vOu461zEMluQ1MyVwqB87beJtcugySznAeptvdwTt95zuF2jNPN4Xvel2sBNc2dt_X9gPqFLm7YMI9HGnOkTbJBoEPf7QGxwqjAELqJSUKIFZPbggr3DvfVI_hhK9Wp2NV2V_wy9nzXab77lWhIQ8IsbdinPVcQf8caB.BtSx4a7t_sQKadYf30NcMa3L_2rO403CbMV7QWGT2Ry.Eh.uFQpb5wqUwsxASYrlSSxgP7I7y7wbTfsXM33kfGwLvYF4jQErvAKNHZjx8TSzvuNM4s56bw6dbBEKi9eCG4db2hgKChX_XYX1V0OdOGnClmPkmuDehPkM6x7Z2bTwdCBTINwGYGg_f_F.1F5qc0i72soCU6rvXJpBNXRDW7mvHM5S.l.IrFt7MDmhsL6.IOOfzbe8N2yMXcY7MLegAQyKPl02.uOmwNM6AVQjU4npxyEngYPv3C93zApt_gmSByMdVb0iH5kyTKvEyo6cPdmO99eDjm5EnsA.QhNEa3tRO1nJa1MfKxtpDuligUzciS_Bb6qiBAQhVCaWvKm0X_QhG71p_QwEKShL2YvsNIL7ovZ7_1I8UVre69cmIiSLrFbwK5f80xPnGnbmBacpQCKA_b88.arjuyCt_oRsnBHWMM1DnFv09npn7ZHpRdXtcOIdrqn0o9_b6MJRcpkMhyK1Q2wx6VQFtpzUMt7_upqLcNP43LDi4dgXLh8KAj94Dp4kwM2eVVy14BvQRBivfA5E7JvYz1KSv4Ei3JYbViNBZfWS4Nq8LnVhd_VdXHpSwUetvVppLePLQB_f2YJJqrpG6qHJeDDFlalF2.MQrdYqVTdC5NVoaANIobQ0uXnntolrTm_jkEE5Vq0WDI8BnYUdFAya_aGEMPigcA2j4BeXwgjjPcf3H9SfksjfZf2lDLYu0Nl90iiEfDLWNXEYsmmk4CmNRUvIBF0nNvmNqgFuOjA4kY1nciKFQz84NT.Vw2bBlBR84F2G9DyqCOt0nIaBD_wcnTtTPmnhjsNKhMzXS1LAbGBSIUwf9u.c4lU6zxpOCCIZdA36YO75li2AKDkq.BIW2oATphRJYevUMMn7GFIZY5bVLc4cFfbqa4cJ7czVXOlaVO0qkjqv3k4uc__qBnzWOOG_QSabTwiOUXjnPaZlTYo9ocyTtVmjPeB5wWVQWlRtiSpr5_SECiJybuU_TiXnoitHpxx.oYMcyOFiDR_ReJqgbpLKnwwe5X7DpU7YFO0248V7KO.GGp500S32komylIuX34YWrQh5N.MWPe585LPSf.pYUx11C.aiml6O4fW7.hbwt5IUb35olFukOSVWaB8mVqX6HDAi.RETUuUcsPk8zfRfV72emOQd9xhGrByARthECTopoq4.oSy1JobfJ754ShLI7FpkxV.4YWe2GnFFoSbQ_U9c2.6q_WkJJ7.3hwUucisIQvM30vNqAb3nwDfhqV5K53VkNyqql9jq4kN7PUBRwyIsKXHTRT7taTIVhZGHYRLhTXgi8Z1sbeKRF3P4YGxCT8MySZ.jflTkDftsG6T9UlO54lMy5MwIRseIM0LHKdEaj7Pf4GfpaZsD9a90YfRssmhcKwh_b9Q5LiIdVJwe1sBFq4bjWS4ffKU.6lHzomqQvQgUByWCZBTiOol9UeYOCXLUPNjAhOD7_ALhn1J4h8ZytxeGEvbSm.FsE9Pp7S8YEP10_qe2myBO.JnefxpijKLFjp4g3m6oz8KSnxMfGvgyY3JlTOeVupJTOEvso.qD1Fc6F8JVgtb9rih2YqYF4.7clhJwbGC_yhHits5NnutMTvXVlSomgs82wqS_EtSPMKQfsTFZQ2MP5VZprLl4P8QxM996l5HCZI6Hc9AHcvzVzUzQ0nYdqAkxSt3cfxjvRnhXijEy0554lLQRagP4eR0ZWGtcAx_oGZmlih29iYNPM3yfrCBKPaxU69DVbjAhDTlveBsfBDzwgPFafMroor3jF6H26kyxwrLIWnCSZl1pT6KZSXhOMVfjwbTNgDpuvTTyyEHeur1XE.UAEmBjAw5FMIFoVncIPEHxzcezVtZ7.0A8KPGv6Skv_kLY4qHdfMNukK4IidvDn96gJq2SV6Fytq7hS2zTEx4O23K_ZZOpRTaCut9E76rWHKjPgf6uW6ST2J9SDzWQnRmR5s_rgO7Jc1r17f7ONfvfgreBW3AvK7n4ZPWfi9iMNkee.Lv6FD5EXtq1Ld68cM9DQxgy.Hf3os1_S5XyeEgPTN.PGdpcFVltRTG6TIhX7aYWg_4XZD58ZvvW6caijidoPDbPzA9eMLMBagws1PA5j03NMAe5VNgZImvUu6PDLL4_4rpd_yUAHczC5rhu989lepU0sXrgR0Ef7EdzVycCWqSDgNZ5CMM9U6nz14P3BgUpiaDcUSpaIJEo202wkLkHTkp3nTGofMlnGfUSOifJEb5Ah3wgtbT5.lYp59xll5y4.1GxSKAOUXo0AZGtVL456BdyYBf9LBHdPOwAFU0Hsbxaa2azCD8_DUHr_lmm4k9zkf2dbwvSXEG5NbNlBImPVWjjcDO4Cad2nKTBTPBZr8K5NdAPEEngfaxYHs3PSWXXWUFL.c5_ONREy2TxFpO13ZLiU5WPL6MUvA_ooE.WOZSIFZjzXMkwdnfWCy31ke1u1iu9nAy0Ty1Fjnz29kGC_vCh9FhzYjUJwRBl8xDv_fP6UKQOVZ3sMuLpMxqM0gBcC3wTnFnuwv5fE1D1L5CKqoPsf3r6r7qL79neoLWkcrr3E37TJ0Povjqez1uUkOpXmh0pleUpMHmZwQowR.ftKiZTu1ax_p5CGkmzIyg6KFIzZV7bOSKAVpLeUoioIUeEKvMawk.Qs97L8zfamCwS_ilHye01troC4L.BLgSMh8ao5hSzoUnnXLwG7syNH3wc7zPbEJJew3qQefNCtweUrxvz.jW0Egmlg",mdrd: "HXPdR90mbqgYyNH3rFB3Ly_bjIlGXLF5NkpXOniOSDU-1732995041-1.2.1.1-15Q.W5wYv55fobodmqBZeEHK_iicnh.gfJRjLAeIcqMeqfnENGruQHJ9po.qStcxHK5bK35D674lZLHPc8292tCuvEGqh3uCo8sCo.JntMH4J6M6Pg7wvrFl3pxgJSWnX6t4XpXHsOVBt036rC_0m1yMp2r5UrRHH4Qm9tnGVlIAo1iyNZluNFaRBAD4FACLJPNdnEq9yH7m34iU9YtegGmV0NCWdwMRP6UFjf6ci.ItKrX6oj_fU8YZ2_U01RvHSQ0ouKUBG_mq6gfymSxnHA4pkMHP5Wk0.GwvdcfxCMHIotGE5.yhDxdzGv1aSwlqRVHmhZ2cqa8cibu4WZ2LwzGqv94AfMZm14VHaOaK3Pv18r3Tn4CcRRGJRysE4JlCzSMk1RX2qzC9cUMQS0_VBuqguQR9jA14NzM.s9Eak0Pay1nxRB2TEDoQcvZjn2c3y2nZY0NzfNuWrtkAtqzyM1TlcXa43BDX3M7HyPVWmLbg134ZTbZqg3TCGDuaYES4sFktVv5NpfA8dDeQJo.XeO93T4gQRnSRgdf_1i9ZS05cpRVwg9C01VlBSFK0XrzbQZPlbh4JEBJ0M8vUTBt.eWqxXo6GGTS0AeWJ61XHZyBWJYQhVZdzWtRTtNgEtavad7gamJzCfpGBjj6Hj1GAZUAXsabLACpu8n1BImP7iEemu5zOB2B9V5oYjClV689wkWsdz1nLdahrOjjL3Ix3UNUkqwT59KVdedOVLuKdmXM8g897ZEwbO2isJAw5HrIlAfPQUfA985db.Vj5ni2vJyBv7j0gIVIKqrT5nGn0lkKv5nuMS4mhuBbXHdp.Xeh3kvUuQDPcLxeRpJVh9o.SM8zdxuET6BWD8oDq4596I1jfgvNSxj2mu_f_rX_8Uk6uk9h4gojaO.hf68gr_qXnAQKo3eyUGMswkPK0KEn_NBxgCHIyFKSnJrhGc2wTDbX.1VafAVOl5LGf.qQhC.AB.r4X6WHxnTO4p.FUdTR6Fa.YwBPFev5io4Lt_MGCNsfKC0cQV1sya4EMaULrtV7GrChUmXHPokILEaNG1x_DL.i5SUL.V5uQ2cnijuxDwUbGaVwa6fgicNXwVITHP0uM1hPolcYoGbjgUwu0N4rKbE9JV_.w.1JxexsvLRMBGSoh2JuceWeMM7qhhqaW.puTR8YkEfmczhB2DahWnPI5oG8uwtaEyD6Da2pL.oEesQSyfVHk4SNVkmlWbXtsO9swb7di9zOJtnXiep78vTK49LJsrKOqSipEit9kn.wFD5A_InSXSwZtb70AaAWFGveVIUz2ru4hEW9djcZOGD6ebeUVs8JodO.YWyuYhOyAdgmd0h5Wnj3Getbs0uN0YyoqfWprW1WAdd0j13q.GUXTh.KEzqS1aVDF1v2tzkDxUCb1s4Xffraeyh1AnSNFL.AcWl9eIYp.zDWp8RUSqRAWZSgo33fClVvJySBFxOWFdojVChiad27dN7Gi7i7n7G19YNH5Jthuqi9AeImyQQV2y94rw.kXyoU8GFA5EEKF5Zz76nPgq6zRMgd8QAsx9OezS2BTyBlhFBf9BMp4tagajaXmlXNHTAkHyf3H9sihmHV8vxfn1we3yk5gl8sjE7a04s3534nHN7N6YzsBuVtP5l6FiO5PWHTVheuG4ACyB9QeACLUK0sa7pMhQQLb2wn9cKglkdmuIXIKcnuQpqJdJQ.3HUGKN8ySBhsgT9_j06CsvAvu4CHnbO1n8vBEo0xL6icGvuskR0ScOOK5RIEs7DF7kqyxAd78aOA47Wrr.BXrZTBoQGUh.EMovorH7syFKKqk1lbF8PLSbVeVCBcA3lO0llmqLSpE45kiz4CJGQ8.2BCUbCxmBq_ImQFaKCmV9kdWBUkIin1H80v.hlmPe.HS7dQE2mu9KXrMGsJmCpNMs5rgyM9wFmJ4HZcurxjYjg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8ead40dffe7eef69';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/jcb\/article\/17\/1\/208\/1220\/THE-USE-OF-LEAD-CITRATE-AT-HIGH-pH-AS-AN-ELECTRON?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Kq16P1BeRYUIA2PkBOqMsTqYlXKofC5eZVWrvZSDEmY-1732995041-1.0.1.1-EkspOeM3cggbtPpXWL8txPtAQA20mvR8ScwZW3g4vzA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>