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data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Opis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Opis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povijest_računalne_grafike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijest_računalne_grafike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Povijest računalne grafike</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povijest_računalne_grafike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NRPVS_(Naravna_računalna_predodžba_vizualne_stvarnosti)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NRPVS_(Naravna_računalna_predodžba_vizualne_stvarnosti)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>NRPVS (Naravna računalna predodžba vizualne stvarnosti)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NRPVS_(Naravna_računalna_predodžba_vizualne_stvarnosti)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Računalni_model_stvarnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Računalni_model_stvarnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Računalni model stvarnosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Računalni_model_stvarnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Algoritmi_računalne_grafike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Algoritmi_računalne_grafike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Algoritmi računalne grafike</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Algoritmi_računalne_grafike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primjena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primjena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Primjena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primjena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kompjuterska grafika</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 51 jeziku" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 jezik</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8)" title="رسومات حاسوبية (علوم الحاسوب) — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رسومات حاسوبية (علوم الحاسوب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komp%C3%BCter_qrafikas%C4%B1" title="Kompüter qrafikası — Azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kompüter qrafikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Компютърна графика — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Компютърна графика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="কম্পিউটার গ্রাফিক্স — Bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কম্পিউটার গ্রাফিক্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunarska_grafika" title="Računarska grafika — Bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Računarska grafika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8Dov%C3%A1_grafika" title="Počítačová grafika — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Počítačová grafika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computergrafik" title="Computergrafik — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Computergrafik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computergrafik" title="Computergrafik — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Computergrafik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Γραφικά υπολογιστών — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γραφικά υπολογιστών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphics_(computer_science)" title="Computer graphics (computer science) — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Computer graphics (computer science)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputila_grafiko" title="Komputila grafiko — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Komputila grafiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvutigraafika" title="Arvutigraafika — Estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arvutigraafika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87)" title="گرافیک رایانه‌ای (علوم رایانه) — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرافیک رایانه‌ای (علوم رایانه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tietokonegrafiikka" title="Tietokonegrafiikka — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tietokonegrafiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infographie" title="Infographie — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Infographie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%AA" title="גרפיקה ממוחשבת — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרפיקה ממוחשבת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="कंप्यूटर ग्राफिक्स — Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कंप्यूटर ग्राफिक्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunalna_grafika" title="Računalna grafika — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Računalna grafika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaj_vity%C3%A8l" title="Imaj vityèl — Haićanski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Imaj vityèl" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haićanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A1m%C3%ADt%C3%B3g%C3%A9pes_grafika" title="Számítógépes grafika — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Számítógépes grafika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1_(%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Համակարգչային գրաֆիկա (համակարգչային գիտություն) — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Համակարգչային գրաֆիկա (համակարգչային գիտություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafika_komputer" title="Grafika komputer — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Grafika komputer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafiko_komputerala" title="Grafiko komputerala — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Grafiko komputerala" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_grafica" title="Computer grafica — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Computer grafica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9" title="コンピュータグラフィックス — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コンピュータグラフィックス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompyuter_grafikas%C4%B1" title="Kompyuter grafikası — Kara-kalpaški" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kompyuter grafikası" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-kalpaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Машиналық графика — Kozački" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Машиналық графика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kozački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A3" title="ಗಣಕಯಂತ್ರ ಚಿತ್ರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ — Kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಣಕಯಂತ್ರ ಚಿತ್ರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0_%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%98%ED%94%BD%EC%8A%A4" title="컴퓨터 그래픽스 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="컴퓨터 그래픽스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompiuterin%C4%97_grafika" title="Kompiuterinė grafika — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kompiuterinė grafika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Компьютер графике — Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Компьютер графике" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%98%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%98%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Компјутерска графика (компјутерска наука) — Makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Компјутерска графика (компјутерска наука)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Компьютер график — Mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Компьютер график" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computergraphics" title="Computergraphics — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Computergraphics" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datagrafikk" title="Datagrafikk — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Datagrafikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafika_komputerowa" title="Grafika komputerowa — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grafika komputerowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafic%C4%83_digital%C4%83" title="Grafică digitală — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grafică digitală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Grafica" title="Computer Grafica — Sicilijanski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Computer Grafica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Computer graphics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8Dov%C3%A1_grafika" title="Počítačová grafika — Slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Počítačová grafika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рачунарска графика — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рачунарска графика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datorgrafik" title="Datorgrafik — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Datorgrafik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="கணினி வரைகலை — Tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கணினி வரைகலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="คอมพิวเตอร์กราฟิกส์ — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอมพิวเตอร์กราฟิกส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komp%C3%BDuter_grafikasy" title="Kompýuter grafikasy — Turkmenski" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kompýuter grafikasy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9C%C3%A7_boyutlu_giydirme" title="Üç boyutlu giydirme — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Üç boyutlu giydirme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%27%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Комп'ютерна графіка (інформатика) — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Комп'ютерна графіка (інформатика)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompyuter_grafikasi" title="Kompyuter grafikasi — Uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kompyuter grafikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93_h%E1%BB%8Da_m%C3%A1y_t%C3%ADnh" title="Đồ họa máy tính — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đồ họa máy tính" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E5%AD%A6" title="计算机图形学 — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="计算机图形学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E5%9C%96%E5%83%8F%E5%AD%B8" title="電腦圖像學 — kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電腦圖像學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q150971#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezične poveznice" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kompjuterska_grafika" title="Vidi stranicu sadržaja [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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title="Korisnik:Aca" data-mw-revid="42021703"><bdi>Aca</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/Razgovor_s_korisnikom:Aca" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Razgovor s korisnikom:Aca">razgovor</a> | <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Doprinosi/Aca" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Posebno:Doprinosi/Aca">doprinosi</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#Srodne_teme">→<bdi dir="ltr">Srodne teme</bdi></a></span>)</span></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompjuterska_grafika&diff=prev&oldid=42021703" title="Kompjuterska grafika">razlika</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompjuterska_grafika&direction=prev&oldid=42021703" title="Kompjuterska grafika">← Starija verzija</a> | Aktualna verzija (razlika) | Novija verzija → (razlika)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Dragon_curve.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Dragon_curve.png/220px-Dragon_curve.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Dragon_curve.png/330px-Dragon_curve.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Dragon_curve.png/440px-Dragon_curve.png 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>Primjer računalne grafike</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Računalna grafika</b>, skraćeno <b>RG</b>, je polje vizualnog računarstva koje rabi <a href="/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Računalo">računala</a> za stvaranje slika i/ili uklapanje i mijenjanje slikovnih i prostornih podataka koji su uzeti iz stvarnosti. Sam naziv 'računalna grafika' prvi je u upotrebu uveo William Fetter, Boeing (1960). Prvi veći napredak u računalnoj grafici napravio je <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a> <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a>. kada je stvorio program <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sketchpad (stranica ne postoji)">Sketchpad</a> s kojim je omogućeno prvo interaktivno stvaranje grafičkog sadržaja. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opis">Opis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompjuterska_grafika&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Opis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompjuterska_grafika&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Opis"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kao jedan od središnjih problema računalne grafike ističe se nastojanje stvaranja <a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">fizikalno</a> dosljedne sinteze <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetizam" title="Elektromagnetizam">elektromagnetskog</a> okoliša zapisane u nekom unaprijed dogovorenom formalnom obliku predstave stvarne okoline. Izračun u takvoj mjeri fizikalno dosljednih slika zahtjeva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simulacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simulacija (stranica ne postoji)">simuliranje</a> <i>svjetlosnog prijenosa</i>, tj. međudjelovanja <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" class="mw-redirect" title="Svjetlost">svjetlosti</a> s materijalnim objektima, odnosno u okvirima računalne grafike - <a href="/wiki/Globalno_osvjetljenje" title="Globalno osvjetljenje">globalnog osvjetljenja</a>. S obzirom na dvojnu valno-čestičnu prirodu svijetlosti i spektar raznovrsnih pojava koje se uz nju vezuju, izravna simulacija njenog prostiranja u mjerilu svagdašnjeg makrosvijeta predstavljala bi iznimno težak i za današnje prilike nepremostiv problem. Srećom, svjetlost s kojom se „svakodnevno susrećemo“ uglavnom je nekoherentna (izvori svjetlosti nemaju stalnu faznu razliku i jednake frekvencije), <a href="/wiki/Polarizacija" class="mw-disambig" title="Polarizacija">nepolarizirana</a> i objekti s kojima vrši interakciju značajno su veći od njene valne duljine, te iz tih razloga većina današnjih računalnih rješenja u razmatranje uzima samo geometrijske zakonitosti pravocrtnog prostiranja vala svjetlosti. Ipak, neke pojave poput raspršenja svjetlosti u koloidnim sustavima (magla, nehomogene tekućine) iziskuju uvođenje složenijih i samim time računalno zahtjevnijih <a href="/wiki/Algoritam" title="Algoritam">algoritamskih</a> rješenja u cilju postizanja oku uvjerljivih rezultata. </p><p>S druge strane, učinkovitost sinteze slike ovisi i o mnogo više faktora nego što ih valno-čestična (undulatorno-korpuskularna) teorija svjetlosti može ponuditi, a prvenstveno je riječ o karakteristikama suvremenih prikaznih uređaja poput nelinearnosti i ograničenog dinamičnog opsega, fiziologije oka, pa čak i viših kognitivnih aspekata percepcije. </p><p>Dakle, ključan cilj računalne grafike je dati jasan i nedvosmislen odgovor na pitanje kako generirati naravnu računalnu predodžbu vizualne stvarnosti (NRPVS). Da je to u današnjim okolnostima sasvim ostvarivo, osvjedočili su se svi oni koji su imali prilike pogledati neki od recentnijih dugometražnih animiranih <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">filmova</a> poput <a href="/w/index.php?title=Final_Fantasy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Final Fantasy (stranica ne postoji)">Final Fantasya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shrek" title="Shrek">Shreka</a> i inih, ili vidjeti neku od niza vizualnih podvala koje nam svakodnevno serviraju u gotovo svim <a href="/wiki/Hollywood" title="Hollywood">Hollywoodskim</a> blockbusterima „novijeg“ datuma. Naime, padom cijena računalnog <a href="/wiki/Hardver" title="Hardver">hardvera</a> produkcijskim studijima postaje sve isplativije investirati u za te svrhe specijaliziranu računalnu opremu i angažiranje kvalificiranih računalnih stručnjaka i <a href="/wiki/Animacija" title="Animacija">animacijskih</a> umjetnika, čime uspijevaju značajno uštedjeti izbjegavajući konstrukcije velikih, složenih i prvenstveno basnoslovno skupih filmskih scena, poput masovnih bitaka starog i srednjeg vijeka u kojima sudjeluju na tisuće pripadnika zaraćenih strana, oživljavanja pretpovijesnih abominacija u njihovoj punoj veličini i svireposti, ili animiranja spektakularnih međugalaktičkih svemirskih okršaja nadasve <a href="/wiki/Ep" title="Ep">epskih</a> razmjera. Međutim, čak i ako izuzmemo filmove iz perspektive, područje primjene NRPVSa nikako nije osiromašeno: danas je ono uistinu neophodna karika u industrijskom dizajnu i <a href="/wiki/Arhitektura" title="Arhitektura">arhitekturi</a>, predstavljanju proizvoda (a.k.a. reklamama), „oživljavanju“ povijesne baštine i računalnim animacija općenito, a vrlo brzo postati će i svakodnevnica računalnih igara. Krajnji cilj i „<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sveti_Gral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sveti Gral (stranica ne postoji)">Sveti Gral</a>“ računalne grafike, svakako je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtualna_stvarnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virtualna stvarnost (stranica ne postoji)">virtualna stvarnost</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijest_računalne_grafike"><span id="Povijest_ra.C4.8Dunalne_grafike"></span>Povijest računalne grafike</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompjuterska_grafika&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Povijest računalne grafike" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompjuterska_grafika&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijest računalne grafike"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Temelji računalne grafike mogu se pronaći u povijesnim umjetničkim i matematičkim otkrićima, primjerice: </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>Euklid (otprilike 300-250 g.pr.n.e.) čija formulacija osnovnih <a href="/wiki/Aksiom" title="Aksiom">aksioma</a> <a href="/wiki/Geometrija" title="Geometrija">geometrije</a> sačinjava osnovu grafičkih pojmova</li> <li>Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 - 1446) arhitekt, zlatar i kipar, zapažen po pionirskom korištenju perspektive</li> <li>Rene Descartés (1596-1650) koji je razvio analitičku geometriju, i napose koordinatni sustav s čime je omogućeno preciziranje položaja i oblika objekata u sceni</li> <li>Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646 - 1716) i Issac Newton (1642 - 1727) koji su istovremeno postavili temelje diferencijalnom računu s čime je omogućeno strogo opisivanje dinamičkih sustava</li> <li>James Joseph Sylvester (1814 - 1897) koji je osmislio matričnu notaciju, veoma korištenu u algoritmima računalne grafike</li> <li>I. Schoenberg, koji je otkrio spline krivulje</li></ul></dd></dl> <p>Jednako značajan za osvit računalne grafike bio je i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijesni_razvoj_misli_o_svjetlosti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijesni razvoj misli o svjetlosti (stranica ne postoji)">povijesni razvoj misli o naravi svjetlosti</a>. </p><p>Tijekom 60-tih godina 20-tog stoljeća načinjeni su pionirski radovi u području računalne grafike koji su poslužili kao podstrek svim daljnim nastojanjima u istomenom području. Najvažniji od njih su: </p> <ul><li>Prvi računalno animirani film "Two-Gyro Gravity-Gradient Attitude Control System", Edward Zajak, Bell Labs) (1961).</li> <li>Prvi <a href="/wiki/Programski_jezik" title="Programski jezik">programski jezik</a> računalne animacije (MACS), Larry Breed, Stanford University (1961).</li> <li>Prva <a href="/wiki/Video_igra" class="mw-redirect" title="Video igra">video igra</a> (Spacewar), koju je razvio Steve Russell na MITu (1961).</li> <li>Napisan program <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sketchpad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sketchpad (stranica ne postoji)">Sketchpad</a>, od strane <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivana Sutherlanda</a>, sa MITa - prvi interaktivni program za crtanje (1963).</li> <li>Načinjen prvi računalni model ljudskog tijela, William Fetter, Boeing, za dizajniranje kokpita zrakoplova (1964).</li> <li>Prvi naglavni prikaznik, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a> (1966).</li> <li>Implementiran prvi algoritam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pra%C4%87enje_zraka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praćenje zraka (stranica ne postoji)">praćenja zraka</a>, Appel (1968).</li> <li>Prvi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slikovni_me%C4%91uspremnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slikovni međuspremnik (stranica ne postoji)">slikovni međuspremnik</a>, 3-bitni (8 nijansi, boja), Bell Labs, 1969.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="NRPVS_(Naravna_računalna_predodžba_vizualne_stvarnosti)"><span id="NRPVS_.28Naravna_ra.C4.8Dunalna_predod.C5.BEba_vizualne_stvarnosti.29"></span>NRPVS (Naravna računalna predodžba vizualne stvarnosti)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompjuterska_grafika&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak NRPVS (Naravna računalna predodžba vizualne stvarnosti)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompjuterska_grafika&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka NRPVS (Naravna računalna predodžba vizualne stvarnosti)"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Što se misli pod naravnom računalnom predodžbom? <i>Hall i Greenberg</i>[1] kažu slijedeće: </p> <dl><dd><i>"Naš cilj u realističnom slikotvorstvu je stvaranje slike koja pobuđuje u vizualnom sustavu podražaj koji ne bi bio raspoznatljiv od podražaja pobuđenog stvarnom okolinom."</i></dd></dl> <p><i></i> Ovo je očigledno, veoma neskroman cilj. Stvaranje istovrsnog mentalnog doživljaja posredstvom sintetičke slike zahtjevalo bi priključenje <a href="/wiki/Stroj" class="mw-redirect" title="Stroj">stroj</a>-<a href="/wiki/%C4%8Covjek" title="Čovjek">čovjek</a> sučelja u živčane puteve između <a href="/wiki/Oko" title="Oko">oka</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mozak" title="Mozak">mozga</a>, nešto što trenutno još uvijek nije izvedivo. Iz praktičnih razloga, naše želje ipak moraju biti prizemnije od stvaranja neraspoznatljive umjetne percepcije stvarnosti. Ono što se danas može učiniti, je stvaranje 2 dimenzionalne slike ljudskom oku neraspoznatljive od one dobivene fotografskim aparatom. Ipak, ovakve slike su još uvijek očigledno "nestvarne" iz prostog razloga što su dvodimenzionalne. Daljan korak u cilju postvarenja tih slika postignut je stereoskopskim projekcijama koje pomoću efekta polarizacije uspijevaju stvoriti prividnu dubinu u inače 2 dimenzionalnom prikazu na način da se svakom oku prikazuju djelomično različite slike prilagođene odzivu našeg binokularnog vidnog sustava. No, ovaj pristup sa sobom nosi <a href="/wiki/Ergonomija" title="Ergonomija">ergonomičnu</a> neugodnost u tome što zahtjeva nošenje posebnih polarizacijskih naočala, koje su nerijetko sklone veoma brzo zamoriti korisnika i tako umanjiti njegov užitak u nestvarnoj okolini. U novije vrijeme počeli su se pojavljivati i prvi komercijalni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volumetrijski_prikaznik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volumetrijski prikaznik (stranica ne postoji)">volumetrijski prikaznici</a> koji osim što impresivno djeluju, obećavaju i još impresivnije mogućnosti u skoroj budućnosti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Računalni_model_stvarnosti"><span id="Ra.C4.8Dunalni_model_stvarnosti"></span>Računalni model stvarnosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompjuterska_grafika&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Računalni model stvarnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompjuterska_grafika&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Računalni model stvarnosti"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kao što je danas većini poznato, okoliš kakav mi doživljavamo posredstvom osjetila <a href="/wiki/Vid" title="Vid">vida</a>, odraz je kvalitete i kvantitete okolnog elektromagnetskog zračenja i refleksije tog zračenja na tvarima prisutnim u prirodi. Da bi njih predstavili na računalnom zaslonu potrebno je iznaći prikladan način modeliranja, odnosno opisivanja kako tvari, tako i svjetlosti. Ukratko, mogu se izdvojiti slijedeće sastavnice takovog modela: </p> <ul><li>Svjetlost i boja</li> <li>Izvori svjetlosti</li> <li>Oblici</li> <li>Materijali</li> <li>Sučelja (dioptri): Modeli refleksije i teksturiranja</li> <li>Mediji: Modeli atmosferskog raspršenja</li> <li>Kamere</li> <li>Leća i film</li></ul> <p>Što se simulacije tiče, ona jednostavno predstavlja proces osvjetljavanja tako postavljene scene ravnan algoritmom <i>globalnog osvjetljenja</i>. Srž simulacije osvjetljenja predstavlja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednad%C5%BEba_globalnog_osvjetljenja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jednadžba globalnog osvjetljenja (stranica ne postoji)">jednadžba globalnog osvjetljenja</a> koja se može iskazati u slijedećem obliku: <i>Za zadanu scenu sačinjenu od zbira osnovnih geometrijskih oblika s raznovrsnim materijalnim svojstvima i proizvoljno mnogo izvora svjetlosti, izračunati osvjetljenje za svaku točku svake površine.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Algoritmi_računalne_grafike"><span id="Algoritmi_ra.C4.8Dunalne_grafike"></span>Algoritmi računalne grafike</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompjuterska_grafika&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Algoritmi računalne grafike" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompjuterska_grafika&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Algoritmi računalne grafike"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>2D</b> </p><p><b>3D</b> </p> <ul><li>Stvaranje slike liniju po liniju</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izra%C4%8Denje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izračenje (stranica ne postoji)">Izračenje</a> (radiosity)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pra%C4%87enje_zraka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praćenje zraka (stranica ne postoji)">Praćenje zraka</a> (raytracing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo_simulacija" title="Monte Carlo simulacija">Monte Carlo simulacija</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primjena">Primjena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompjuterska_grafika&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Primjena" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompjuterska_grafika&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Primjena"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>korisnička sučelja</b> (većina aplikacija na osobnim računalima i na radnim stanicama imaju grafički sustav prozora putem kojeg komuniciraju s korisnicima. Primjeri takvih aplikacija uključuju obradbu teksta, stolno izdavaštvo, proračunske tablice...);</li> <li><b>interaktivno crtanje</b> (u poslovnim, znanstvenim i tehnološkim primjenama računalna grafika koristi se za prikazivanje funkcija, dijagrama, histograma i sličnih grafičkih prikaza sa svrhom jasnijeg sagledavanja složenih pojava i olakšanja procesa odlučivanja);</li> <li><b>projektiranje pomoću računala</b> (Computer Aided Design - CAD danas se standardno koristi za projektiranje sustava i komponenata u strojarstvu, elektrotehnici, elektronici, telekomunikacijama, računarstvu...);</li> <li><b>simulacija i animacija</b> (računalna grafika koristi se za znanstvenu i inženjersku vizualizaciju i zabavu; područja primjene obuhvaćaju prikaze apstraktnih matematičkih modela vremenski promjenljivih pojava, TV i filmsku tehnologiju...);</li> <li><b>umjetnost</b> (računalna grafika se koristi za kreiranje umjetničkih slika);</li> <li><b>grafičko programiranje</b> (računalna grafika se koristi za automatizaciju procesa programiranja virtualnih sustava npr. u instrumentaciji).</li> <li><b>video igre</b> (jedan od glavnih elemenata igara je računalska grafika koja se koristi za prikaz virtualnih prostora )</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompjuterska_grafika&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompjuterska_grafika&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="width: 300px"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Computer_graphics" title="commons:Category:Computer graphics"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 20px;"><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Computer_graphics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Computer graphics">Kompjuterska grafika</a></b></i> na <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica_-_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Glavna stranica - Главна страница">Wikimedijinoj ostavi</a> </div> </div> <ul><li>Roy Hall and Donald P. Greenberg. A testbed for realistic image synthesis. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 3(8):10{20), 1983.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kompjuterska_grafika&oldid=42021703">https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kompjuterska_grafika&oldid=42021703</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Ra%C4%8Dunarska_grafika" title="Kategorija:Računarska grafika">Računarska grafika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Ra%C4%8Dunarstvo" title="Kategorija:Računarstvo">Računarstvo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Grafika" title="Kategorija:Grafika">Grafika</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena 25. jula 2024. u 11:58.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uslovi. 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