CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# books: http://ogp.me/ns/books#"><head>  <script type="text/javascript"> ;window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.init={distributed_tracing:{enabled:true},privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}}; ;NREUM.loader_config={accountID:"438030",trustKey:"438030",agentID:"772311499",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772311499"} ;NREUM.info={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772311499",sa:1} ;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.236.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{"use strict";var e,t,r={5763:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P_:()=>l,Mt:()=>g,C5:()=>s,DL:()=>v,OP:()=>T,lF:()=>D,Yu:()=>y,Dg:()=>h,CX:()=>c,GE:()=>b,sU:()=>_});var n=r(8632),i=r(9567);const o={beacon:n.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:n.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.D)(t,o),(0,n.Qy)(e,a[e],"info")}var u=r(7056);const d=()=>{const e={blockSelector:"[data-nr-block]",maskInputOptions:{password:!0}};return{allow_bfcache:!0,privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},session:{domain:void 0,expiresMs:u.oD,inactiveMs:u.Hb},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},metrics:{enabled:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},session_replay:{enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,sampleRate:.1,errorSampleRate:.1,maskTextSelector:"*",maskAllInputs:!0,get blockClass(){return"nr-block"},get ignoreClass(){return"nr-ignore"},get maskTextClass(){return"nr-mask"},get blockSelector(){return e.blockSelector},set blockSelector(t){e.blockSelector+=",".concat(t)},get maskInputOptions(){return e.maskInputOptions},set maskInputOptions(t){e.maskInputOptions={...t,password:!0}}},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10}}},f={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");f[e]=(0,i.D)(t,d()),(0,n.Qy)(e,f[e],"config")}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var r=l(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}const p={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},m={};function v(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!m[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return m[e]}function b(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");m[e]=(0,i.D)(t,p),(0,n.Qy)(e,m[e],"loader_config")}const y=(0,n.mF)().o;var w=r(385),x=r(6818);const A={buildEnv:x.Re,bytesSent:{},queryBytesSent:{},customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,distMethod:x.gF,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,offset:Math.floor(w._A?.performance?.timeOrigin||w._A?.performance?.timing?.navigationStart||Date.now()),onerror:void 0,origin:""+w._A.location,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},session:void 0,xhrWrappable:"function"==typeof w._A.XMLHttpRequest?.prototype?.addEventListener,version:x.q4},E={};function T(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!E[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return E[e]}function _(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");E[e]=(0,i.D)(t,A),(0,n.Qy)(e,E[e],"runtime")}function D(e){return function(e){try{const t=s(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}(e)}},9567:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(50);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occurred while setting a property of a Configurable",e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}},6818:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Re:()=>i,gF:()=>o,q4:()=>n});const n="1.236.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},385:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{FN:()=>a,IF:()=>u,Nk:()=>f,Tt:()=>s,_A:()=>o,il:()=>n,pL:()=>c,v6:()=>i,w1:()=>d});const n="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,i="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),o=n?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),a=""+o?.location,s=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(navigator.userAgent),c=s&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,u=(()=>{const e=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),d=Boolean(n&&window.document.documentMode),f=!!navigator.sendBeacon},1117:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{w:()=>o});var n=r(50);const i={agentIdentifier:"",ee:void 0};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=r)}))}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},8e3:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{L:()=>d,R:()=>c});var n=r(2177),i=r(1284),o=r(4322),a=r(3325);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function d(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const r=[...s[e]];function a(t){const r=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(r.backlog&&a){var s=r.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u<s.length;++u)f(s[u],c);(0,i.D)(c,(function(e,t){(0,i.D)(t,(function(t,r){r[0].on(e,r[1])}))}))}delete a[t],r.backlog[t]=null,r.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}r.every((e=>{let[t,r]=e;return r.staged}))&&(r.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),r.forEach((e=>{let[t]=e;a(t)})))}function f(e,t){var r=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[r],(function(t,r){var n=e[0];if(r[0]===n){var i=r[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},2177:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{c:()=>f,ee:()=>u});var n=r(8632),i=r(2210),o=r(1284),a=r(5763),s="nr@context";let c=(0,n.fP)();var u;function d(){}function f(e){return(0,i.X)(e,s,l)}function l(){return new d}function h(){u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={}}c.ee?u=c.ee:(u=function e(t,r){var n={},c={},f={},g=!1;try{g=16===r.length&&(0,a.OP)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var p={on:b,addEventListener:b,removeEventListener:y,emit:v,get:x,listeners:w,context:m,buffer:A,abort:h,aborted:!1,isBuffering:E,debugId:r,backlog:g?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return p;function m(e){return e&&e instanceof d?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,s,l):l()}function v(e,r,n,i,o){if(!1!==o&&(o=!0),!u.aborted||i){t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=m(n),s=w(e),d=s.length,f=0;f<d;f++)s[f].apply(a,r);var l=T()[c[e]];return l&&l.push([p,e,r,a]),a}}function b(e,t){n[e]=w(e).concat(t)}function y(e,t){var r=n[e];if(r)for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)}function w(e){return n[e]||[]}function x(t){return f[t]=f[t]||e(p,t)}function A(e,t){var r=T();p.aborted||(0,o.D)(e,(function(e,n){t=t||"feature",c[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))}function E(e){return!!T()[c[e]]}function T(){return p.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),c.ee=u)},5546:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{E:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(2177).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},4322:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>o});var n=r(5546);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.E,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3239:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var n=r(385);let i=!1,o=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return o=!0,!1}};n._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),n._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function a(e,t){return i||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;window.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}function c(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;document.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}},4402:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Ht:()=>u,M:()=>c,Rl:()=>a,ky:()=>s});var n=r(385);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,++r).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,++i).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},7056:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Bq:()=>n,Hb:()=>o,oD:()=>i});const n="NRBA",i=144e5,o=18e5},7894:(e,t,r)=>{function n(){return Math.round(performance.now())}r.d(t,{z:()=>n})},7243:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{e:()=>o});var n=r(385),i={};function o(e){if(e in i)return i[e];if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};let t;var r=n._A?.location,o={};if(n.il)t=document.createElement("a"),t.href=e;else try{t=new URL(e,r.href)}catch(e){return o}o.port=t.port;var a=t.href.split("://");!o.port&&a[1]&&(o.port=a[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),o.port&&"0"!==o.port||(o.port="https"===a[0]?"443":"80"),o.hostname=t.hostname||r.hostname,o.pathname=t.pathname,o.protocol=a[0],"/"!==o.pathname.charAt(0)&&(o.pathname="/"+o.pathname);var s=!t.protocol||":"===t.protocol||t.protocol===r.protocol,c=t.hostname===r.hostname&&t.port===r.port;return o.sameOrigin=s&&(!t.hostname||c),"/"===o.pathname&&(i[e]=o),o}},50:(e,t,r)=>{function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}r.d(t,{Z:()=>n})},2587:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>c,T:()=>u});var n=r(2177),i=r(5546),o=r(8e3),a=r(3325);const s={stn:[a.D.sessionTrace],err:[a.D.jserrors,a.D.metrics],ins:[a.D.pageAction],spa:[a.D.spa],sr:[a.D.sessionReplay,a.D.sessionTrace]};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&(Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,n]=e;void 0===u[t]&&(s[t]?s[t].forEach((e=>{n?(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,e,r):(0,i.p)("block-"+t,[],void 0,e,r),(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+t,[Boolean(n)],void 0,e,r)})):n&&(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,void 0,r),u[t]=Boolean(n))})),Object.keys(s).forEach((e=>{void 0===u[e]&&(s[e]?.forEach((t=>(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+e,[!1],void 0,t,r))),u[e]=!1)})),(0,o.L)(t,a.D.pageViewEvent))}const u={}},2210:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},1284:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n});const n=(e,t)=>Object.entries(e||{}).map((e=>{let[r,n]=e;return t(r,n)}))},4351:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P:()=>o});var n=r(2177);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}},3960:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var n=r(3239);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},8632:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{EZ:()=>u,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>d,mF:()=>s});var n=r(7894),i=r(385);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,r){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,n.z)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[r]:t}},i}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},7956:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>i});var n=r(3239);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1],r=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,i=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;return void(0,n.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"==document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},1214:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{em:()=>v,u5:()=>N,QU:()=>S,_L:()=>I,Gm:()=>L,Lg:()=>M,gy:()=>U,BV:()=>Q,Kf:()=>ee});var n=r(2177);const i="nr@original";var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,a=!1;function s(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");var a,s,c,u="-"===n.charAt(0);for(c=0;c<t.length;c++)d(a=e[s=t[c]])||(e[s]=r(a,u?s+n:n,i,s,o))},r.flag=i,r;function r(t,r,n,a,s){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[i]=t,u(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var i,u,d,f;try{u=this,i=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(i,u):n||{}}catch(t){c([t,"",[i,u,a],d],e)}o(r+"start",[i,u,a],d,s);try{return f=t.apply(u,i)}catch(e){throw o(r+"err",[i,u,e],d,s),e}finally{o(r+"end",[i,u,f],d,s)}}}function o(r,n,i,o){if(!a||t){var s=a;a=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){c([t,r,n,i],e)}a=s}}}function c(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function u(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){c([e],r)}for(var n in e)o.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n]);return t}function d(e){return!(e&&e instanceof Function&&e.apply&&!e[i])}var f=r(2210),l=r(385);const h={},g=XMLHttpRequest,p="addEventListener",m="removeEventListener";function v(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(h[t.debugId]++)return t;h[t.debugId]=1;var r=s(t,!0);function i(e){r.inPlace(e,[p,m],"-",o)}function o(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(l.il&&b(document,i),b(l._A,i),b(g.prototype,i)),t.on(p+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,f.X)(n,"nr@wrapped",(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(m+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function b(e,t){let r=e;for(;"object"==typeof r&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(r,p);)r=Object.getPrototypeOf(r);for(var n=arguments.length,i=new Array(n>2?n-2:0),o=2;o<n;o++)i[o-2]=arguments[o];r&&t(r,...i)}var y="fetch-",w=y+"body-",x=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],A=l._A.Request,E=l._A.Response,T="prototype",_="nr@context";const D={};function N(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(A&&E&&l._A.fetch))return t;if(D[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[_]&&o[_].dt&&(e=o[_].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return D[t.debugId]=1,x.forEach((e=>{r(A[T],e,w),r(E[T],e,w)})),r(l._A,"fetch",y),t.on(y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(y+"done",[e],n)})),t}const O={},j=["pushState","replaceState"];function S(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("history")}(e);return!l.il||O[t.debugId]++||(O[t.debugId]=1,s(t).inPlace(window.history,j,"-")),t}var P=r(3239);const C={},R=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function I(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!l.il||C[t.debugId])return t;C[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,o=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,a=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function c(e,t){var r=e.match(a),n=r[1],i=r[3];return i?c(i,t[n]):t[n]}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,R,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var n=(a=e.src,s=a.match(i),s?s[1]:null);var a,s;if(!n)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(o);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:c(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(n);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function f(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}function l(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}var k=r(5763);const H={};function L(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!l.il||H[t.debugId])return t;H[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=k.Yu.MO;return i&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof i?new i(r(e,"fn-")):i.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=i.prototype),t}const z={};function M(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(z[t.debugId])return t;z[t.debugId]=!0;var r=n.c,o=s(t),a=k.Yu.PR;return a&&function(){function e(r){var n=t.context(),i=o(r,"executor-",n,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(a,[i],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return n},s}l._A.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return a.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,a),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=a.prototype;const n=a.prototype.then;a.prototype.then=function(){var e=this,i=r(e);i.promise=e;for(var a=arguments.length,s=new Array(a),c=0;c<a;c++)s[c]=arguments[c];s[0]=o(s[0],"cb-",i,null,!1),s[1]=o(s[1],"cb-",i,null,!1);const u=n.apply(this,s);return i.nextPromise=u,t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],u,!1,!1),u},a.prototype.then[i]=n,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=o(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=o(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const B={},F="requestAnimationFrame";function U(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("raf")}(e);if(!l.il||B[t.debugId]++)return t;B[t.debugId]=1;var r=s(t);return r.inPlace(window,[F],"raf-"),t.on("raf-start",(function(e){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-")})),t}const q={},G="setTimeout",V="setInterval",X="clearTimeout",W="-start",Z="-",$=[G,"setImmediate",V,X,"clearImmediate"];function Q(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(q[t.debugId]++)return t;q[t.debugId]=1;var r=s(t);return r.inPlace(l._A,$.slice(0,2),G+Z),r.inPlace(l._A,$.slice(2,3),V+Z),r.inPlace(l._A,$.slice(3),X+Z),t.on(V+W,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(G+W,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}var Y=r(50);const K={},J=["open","send"];function ee(e){var t=e||n.ee;const r=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("xhr")}(t);if(K[r.debugId]++)return r;K[r.debugId]=1,v(t);var i=s(r),o=k.Yu.XHR,a=k.Yu.MO,c=k.Yu.PR,u=k.Yu.SI,d="readystatechange",f=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],h=[],g=l._A.XMLHttpRequest.listeners,p=l._A.XMLHttpRequest=function(e){var t=new o(e);function n(){try{r.emit("new-xhr",[t],t),t.addEventListener(d,b,(0,P.m$)(!1))}catch(e){(0,Y.Z)("An error occured while intercepting XHR",e);try{r.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}return this.listeners=g?[...g,n]:[n],this.listeners.forEach((e=>e())),t};function m(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",E)}function b(){var e=this,t=r.context(e);e.readyState>3&&!t.resolved&&(t.resolved=!0,r.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,f,"fn-",E)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,p),p.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(p.prototype,J,"-xhr-",E),r.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){m(e,t),function(e){h.push(e),a&&(y?y.then(A):u?u(A):(w=-w,x.data=w))}(t)})),r.on("open-xhr-start",m),a){var y=c&&c.resolve();if(!u&&!c){var w=1,x=document.createTextNode(w);new a(A).observe(x,{characterData:!0})}}else t.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===d||A()}));function A(){for(var e=0;e<h.length;e++)m(0,h[e]);h.length&&(h=[])}function E(e,t){return t}return r}},7825:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.ajax},6660:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{A:()=>i,t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.jserrors,i="nr@seenError"},3081:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{gF:()=>o,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>n,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},4649:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageAction},7633:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Dz:()=>i,OJ:()=>a,qw:()=>o,t9:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewEvent,i="firstbyte",o="domcontent",a="windowload"},9251:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewTiming},3614:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BST_RESOURCE:()=>i,END:()=>s,FEATURE_NAME:()=>n,FN_END:()=>u,FN_START:()=>c,PUSH_STATE:()=>d,RESOURCE:()=>o,START:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState"},7836:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BODY:()=>A,CB_END:()=>E,CB_START:()=>u,END:()=>x,FEATURE_NAME:()=>i,FETCH:()=>_,FETCH_BODY:()=>v,FETCH_DONE:()=>m,FETCH_START:()=>p,FN_END:()=>c,FN_START:()=>s,INTERACTION:()=>l,INTERACTION_API:()=>d,INTERACTION_EVENTS:()=>o,JSONP_END:()=>b,JSONP_NODE:()=>g,JS_TIME:()=>T,MAX_TIMER_BUDGET:()=>a,REMAINING:()=>f,SPA_NODE:()=>h,START:()=>w,originalSetTimeout:()=>y});var n=r(5763);const i=r(3325).D.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",f="remaining",l="interaction",h="spaNode",g="jsonpNode",p="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=n.Yu.ST,w="-start",x="-end",A="-body",E="cb"+x,T="jsTime",_="fetch"},5938:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(5763),i=r(2177);class o{constructor(e,t,r){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,n.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=r,this.blocked=!1}}},9144:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{j:()=>m});var n=r(3325),i=r(5763),o=r(5546),a=r(2177),s=r(7894),c=r(8e3),u=r(3960),d=r(385),f=r(50),l=r(3081),h=r(8632);function g(){const e=(0,h.gG)();["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r),i=0;i<r;i++)n[i]=arguments[i];return function(t){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r>1?r-1:0),i=1;i<r;i++)n[i-1]=arguments[i];let o=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&o.push(e.api[t](...n))})),o.length>1?o:o[0]}(t,...n)}}))}var p=r(2587);function m(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},m=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,v=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:b,info:y,loader_config:w,runtime:x={loaderType:m},exposed:A=!0}=t;const E=(0,h.gG)();y||(b=E.init,y=E.info,w=E.loader_config),(0,i.Dg)(e,b||{}),(0,i.GE)(e,w||{}),(0,i.sU)(e,x),y.jsAttributes??={},d.v6&&(y.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.CX)(e,y),g();const T=function(e,t){t||(0,c.R)(e,"api");const h={};var g=a.ee.get(e),p=g.get("tracer"),m="api-",v=m+"ixn-";function b(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.C5)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.CX)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),x(m,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function y(){}["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"].forEach((e=>h[e]=x(m,e,!0,"api"))),h.addPageAction=x(m,"addPageAction",!0,n.D.pageAction),h.setCurrentRouteName=x(m,"routeName",!0,n.D.spa),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,i.OP)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,x(m,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return b(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nNon-null value must be a string or number type, but a type of <".concat(typeof t,"> was provided."))}else(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nName must be a string type, but a type of <".concat(typeof e,"> was provided."))},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setUserId.\nNon-null value must be a string type, but a type of <".concat(typeof e,"> was provided."))},h.interaction=function(){return(new y).get()};var w=y.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,a="function"==typeof t;return(0,o.p)(v+"tracer",[(0,s.z)(),e,r],i,n.D.spa,g),function(){if(p.emit((a?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,s.z)(),i,a],r),a)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw p.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,"string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e],r),e}finally{p.emit("fn-end",[(0,s.z)()],r)}}}};function x(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),i&&(0,o.p)(e+t,[(0,s.z)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,g),r?void 0:this}}function A(){r.e(439).then(r.bind(r,7438)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:r}=t;r(e),(0,c.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,f.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{w[e]=x(v,e,void 0,n.D.spa)})),h.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),(0,o.p)("err",[e,(0,s.z)(),!1,t],void 0,n.D.jserrors,g)},d.il?(0,u.b)((()=>A()),!0):A(),h}(e,v);return(0,h.Qy)(e,T,"api"),(0,h.Qy)(e,A,"exposed"),(0,h.EZ)("activatedFeatures",p.T),T}},3325:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n,p:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.ajax]:5,[n.sessionTrace]:6,[n.pageAction]:7,[n.spa]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>(({78:"page_action-aggregate",147:"metrics-aggregate",242:"session-manager",317:"jserrors-aggregate",348:"page_view_timing-aggregate",412:"lazy-feature-loader",439:"async-api",538:"recorder",590:"session_replay-aggregate",675:"compressor",733:"session_trace-aggregate",786:"page_view_event-aggregate",873:"spa-aggregate",898:"ajax-aggregate"}[e]||e)+"."+{78:"ac76d497",147:"3dc53903",148:"1a20d5fe",242:"2a64278a",317:"49e41428",348:"bd6de33a",412:"2f55ce66",439:"30bd804e",538:"1b18459f",590:"cf0efb30",675:"ae9f91a8",733:"83105561",786:"06482edd",860:"03a8b7a5",873:"e6b09d52",898:"998ef92b"}[e]+"-1.236.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var f=u[d];if(f.getAttribute("src")==r||f.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=f;break}}s||(c=!0,(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r),e[r]=[n];var l=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(h);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},h=setTimeout(l.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=l.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=l.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.j=364,i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={364:0,953:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=window.webpackChunkNRBA=window.webpackChunkNRBA||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})();var o={};(()=>{i.r(o);var e=i(3325),t=i(5763);const r=Object.values(e.D);function n(e){const n={};return r.forEach((r=>{n[r]=function(e,r){return!1!==(0,t.Mt)(r,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),n}var a=i(9144);var s=i(5546),c=i(385),u=i(8e3),d=i(5938),f=i(3960),l=i(50);class h extends d.W{constructor(e,t,r){let n=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,r),this.auto=n,this.abortHandler,this.featAggregate,this.onAggregateImported,n&&(0,u.R)(e,r)}importAggregator(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;const r=c.il&&!0===(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"privacy.cookies_enabled");let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let t;try{if(r){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await Promise.all([i.e(860),i.e(242)]).then(i.bind(i,3228));t=e(this.agentIdentifier)}}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("A problem occurred when starting up session manager. This page will not start or extend any session.",e)}try{if(!this.shouldImportAgg(this.featureName,t))return void(0,u.L)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName);const{lazyFeatureLoader:r}=await i.e(412).then(i.bind(i,8582)),{Aggregate:o}=await r(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new o(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator,e),n(!0)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Downloading and initializing ".concat(this.featureName," failed..."),e),this.abortHandler?.(),n(!1)}};c.il?(0,f.b)((()=>o()),!0):o()}shouldImportAgg(r,n){return r!==e.D.sessionReplay||!1!==(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"session_trace.enabled")&&(!!n?.isNew||!!n?.state.sessionReplay)}}var g=i(7633),p=i(7894);class m extends h{static featureName=g.t9;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(r,n,g.t9,i),("undefined"==typeof PerformanceNavigationTiming||c.Tt)&&"undefined"!=typeof PerformanceTiming){const n=(0,t.OP)(r);n[g.Dz]=Math.max(Date.now()-n.offset,0),(0,f.K)((()=>n[g.qw]=Math.max((0,p.z)()-n[g.Dz],0))),(0,f.b)((()=>{const t=(0,p.z)();n[g.OJ]=Math.max(t-n[g.Dz],0),(0,s.p)("timing",["load",t],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}this.importAggregator()}}var v=i(1117),b=i(1284);class y extends v.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,b.D)(e,(function(e,r){t[e]=w(r,t[e])})),t}(n,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=r.count,(0,b.D)(r,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var n=a[e],i=r[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=w(i.t,n):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=x(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=r}storeMetric(e,t,r,n){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,r);return i.stats=w(n,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,r,n){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:r||{}},n&&(i.custom=n)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},r="",n=!1,i=0;i<e.length;i++)t[r=e[i]]=A(this.aggregatedData[r]),t[r].length&&(n=!0),delete this.aggregatedData[r];return n?t:null}}function w(e,t){return null==e?function(e){e?e.c++:e={c:1};return e}(t):t?(t.c||(t=x(t.t)),t.c+=1,t.t+=e,t.sos+=e*e,e>t.max&&(t.max=e),e<t.min&&(t.min=e),t):{t:e}}function x(e){return{t:e,min:e,max:e,sos:e*e,c:1}}function A(e){return"object"!=typeof e?[]:(0,b.D)(e,E)}function E(e,t){return t}var T=i(8632),_=i(4402),D=i(4351);var N=i(7956),O=i(3239),j=i(9251);class S extends h{static featureName=j.t;constructor(e,r){let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,r,j.t,n),c.il&&((0,t.OP)(e).initHidden=Boolean("hidden"===document.visibilityState),(0,N.N)((()=>(0,s.p)("docHidden",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee)),!0),(0,O.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,s.p)("winPagehide",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee))),this.importAggregator())}}var P=i(3081);class C extends h{static featureName=P.t9;constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,P.t9,r),this.importAggregator()}}var R,I=i(2210),k=i(1214),H=i(2177),L={};try{R=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(L.console=!0,-1!==R.indexOf("dev")&&(L.dev=!0),-1!==R.indexOf("nr_dev")&&(L.nrDev=!0))}catch(e){}function z(e){try{L.console&&z(e)}catch(e){}}L.nrDev&&H.ee.on("internal-error",(function(e){z(e.stack)})),L.dev&&H.ee.on("fn-err",(function(e,t,r){z(r.stack)})),L.dev&&(z("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),z("flags: "+(0,b.D)(L,(function(e,t){return e})).join(", ")));var M=i(6660);class B extends h{static featureName=M.t;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,M.t,i),this.skipNext=0;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}const o=this;o.ee.on("fn-start",(function(e,t,r){o.abortHandler&&(o.skipNext+=1)})),o.ee.on("fn-err",(function(t,r,n){o.abortHandler&&!n[M.A]&&((0,I.X)(n,M.A,(function(){return!0})),this.thrown=!0,(0,s.p)("err",[n,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee))})),o.ee.on("fn-end",(function(){o.abortHandler&&!this.thrown&&o.skipNext>0&&(o.skipNext-=1)})),o.ee.on("internal-error",(function(t){(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee)})),this.origOnerror=c._A.onerror,c._A.onerror=this.onerrorHandler.bind(this),c._A.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(t=>{const r=function(e){let t="Unhandled Promise Rejection: ";if(e instanceof Error)try{return e.message=t+e.message,e}catch(t){return e}if(void 0===e)return new Error(t);try{return new Error(t+(0,D.P)(e))}catch(e){return new Error(t)}}(t.reason);(0,s.p)("err",[r,(0,p.z)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1}],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}),(0,O.m$)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),(0,k.gy)(this.ee),(0,k.BV)(this.ee),(0,k.em)(this.ee),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}onerrorHandler(t,r,n,i,o){"function"==typeof this.origOnerror&&this.origOnerror(...arguments);try{this.skipNext?this.skipNext-=1:(0,s.p)("err",[o||new F(t,r,n),(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(t){try{(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(e){}}return!1}}function F(e,t,r){this.message=e||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r}let U=1;const q="nr@id";function G(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===c._A?0:(0,I.X)(e,q,(function(){return U++}))}function V(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,D.P)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var X=i(7243);class W{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.generateTracePayload=this.generateTracePayload.bind(this),this.shouldGenerateTrace=this.shouldGenerateTrace.bind(this)}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var r=(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!r)return null;var n=(r.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(r.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(r.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,_.M)(),s=(0,_.Ht)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof c._A?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,D.P)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var r=!1,n={};if((0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(n=(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)r=!0;else if(n.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var i=0;i<n.allowed_origins.length;i++){var o=(0,X.e)(n.allowed_origins[i]);if(e.hostname===o.hostname&&e.protocol===o.protocol&&e.port===o.port){r=!0;break}}return r}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var Z=i(7825),$=["load","error","abort","timeout"],Q=$.length,Y=t.Yu.REQ,K=c._A.XMLHttpRequest;class J extends h{static featureName=Z.t;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,Z.t,i),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(this.dt=new W(r),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,s.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee),(0,k.u5)(this.ee),(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),function(r,n,i,o){function a(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=E,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){_(t,e)}),(0,O.m$)(!1)),c.IF||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,O.m$)(!1))}function s(e){this.params={method:e[0]},T(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function u(e,n){var i=(0,t.DL)(r);i.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&n.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",i.xpid);var a=o.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(a){var s=!1;a.newrelicHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("newrelic",a.newrelicHeader),s=!0),a.traceContextParentHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("traceparent",a.traceContextParentHeader),a.traceContextStateHeader&&n.setRequestHeader("tracestate",a.traceContextStateHeader),s=!0),s&&(this.dt=a)}}function d(e,t){var r=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(r&&i){var a=V(i);a&&(r.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof t.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(t)}catch(e){try{n.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<Q;s++)t.addEventListener($[s],this.listener,(0,O.m$)(!1))}function f(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function l(e,t){var r=""+G(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function h(e,t){var r=""+G(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function g(){this.endTime=(0,p.z)()}function m(e,t){t instanceof K&&"load"===e[0]&&n.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],t)}function v(e,t){t instanceof K&&"load"===e[0]&&n.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],t)}function b(e,t,r){t instanceof K&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,p.z)()))}function y(e,t){this.xhrCbStart&&n.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,p.z)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,t],t)}function w(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};"string"==typeof e[0]?t=e[0]:e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:c._A?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL&&(t=e[0].href),t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,X.e)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var n=o.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(n&&(n.newrelicHeader||n.traceContextParentHeader))if("string"==typeof e[0]||c._A?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL){var i={};for(var a in r)i[a]=r[a];i.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(i.headers,n)&&(this.dt=n),e.length>1?e[1]=i:e.push(i)}else e[0]&&e[0].headers&&s(e[0].headers,n)&&(this.dt=n);function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function x(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof Y?r=i.url:c._A?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),T(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof Y&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.txSize=V(n.body)||0}function A(t,r){var n;this.endTime=(0,p.z)(),this.params||(this.params={}),this.params.status=r?r.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);var o={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,p.z)()-this.startTime};i("xhr",[this.params,o,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,e.D.ajax)}function E(t){var r=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var o=0;o<Q;o++)t.removeEventListener($[o],this.listener,!1);r.aborted||(n.duration=(0,p.z)()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==t.readyState?null==r.status&&(r.status=0):_(this,t),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,i("xhr",[r,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,e.D.ajax))}}function T(e,t){var r=(0,X.e)(t),n=e.params;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}function _(e,t){e.params.status=t.status;var r=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?V(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?V(e.responseText):void 0}(t,e.lastSize);if(r&&(e.metrics.rxSize=r),e.sameOrigin){var n=t.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");n&&(e.params.cat=n.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}n.on("new-xhr",a),n.on("open-xhr-start",s),n.on("open-xhr-end",u),n.on("send-xhr-start",d),n.on("xhr-cb-time",f),n.on("xhr-load-added",l),n.on("xhr-load-removed",h),n.on("xhr-resolved",g),n.on("addEventListener-end",m),n.on("removeEventListener-end",v),n.on("fn-end",y),n.on("fetch-before-start",w),n.on("fetch-start",x),n.on("fn-start",b),n.on("fetch-done",A)}(r,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator())}}var ee=i(3614);const{BST_RESOURCE:te,RESOURCE:re,START:ne,END:ie,FEATURE_NAME:oe,FN_END:ae,FN_START:se,PUSH_STATE:ce}=ee;var ue=i(7836);const{FEATURE_NAME:de,START:fe,END:le,BODY:he,CB_END:ge,JS_TIME:pe,FETCH:me,FN_START:ve,CB_START:be,FN_END:ye}=ue;var we=i(4649);class xe extends h{static featureName=we.t;constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,we.t,r),this.importAggregator()}}new class{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,_.ky)(16);c._A?(this.agentIdentifier=t,this.sharedAggregator=new y({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=new Set(e.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(m),Object.assign(this,(0,a.j)(this.agentIdentifier,e,e.loaderType||"agent")),this.start()):(0,l.Z)("Failed to initial the agent. Could not determine the runtime environment.")}get config(){return{info:(0,t.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}start(){const t="features";try{const r=n(this.agentIdentifier),i=[...this.desiredFeatures];i.sort(((t,r)=>e.p[t.featureName]-e.p[r.featureName])),i.forEach((t=>{if(r[t.featureName]||t.featureName===e.D.pageViewEvent){const n=function(t){switch(t){case e.D.ajax:return[e.D.jserrors];case e.D.sessionTrace:return[e.D.ajax,e.D.pageViewEvent];case e.D.sessionReplay:return[e.D.sessionTrace];case e.D.pageViewTiming:return[e.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(t.featureName);n.every((e=>r[e]))||(0,l.Z)("".concat(t.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat((0,D.P)(n),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[t.featureName]=new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,T.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,t)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",e);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,T.fP)();return delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.[t],delete this.sharedAggregator,r.ee?.abort(),delete r.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}}({features:[J,m,S,class extends h{static featureName=oe;constructor(t,r){if(super(t,r,oe,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;const n=this.ee;let i;(0,k.QU)(n),this.eventsEE=(0,k.em)(n),this.eventsEE.on(se,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,p.z)()})),this.eventsEE.on(ae,(function(t,r){(0,s.p)("bst",[t[0],r,this.bstStart,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),n.on(ce+ne,(function(e){this.time=(0,p.z)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),n.on(ce+ie,(function(t){(0,s.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)}));try{i=new PerformanceObserver((t=>{const r=t.getEntries();(0,s.p)(te,[r],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),i.observe({type:re,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator({resourceObserver:i})}},C,xe,B,class extends h{static featureName=de;constructor(e,r){if(super(e,r,de,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;if(!(0,t.OP)(e).xhrWrappable)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let n,i=0;const o=this.ee.get("tracer"),a=(0,k._L)(this.ee),s=(0,k.Lg)(this.ee),u=(0,k.BV)(this.ee),d=(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),f=this.ee.get("events"),l=(0,k.u5)(this.ee),h=(0,k.QU)(this.ee),g=(0,k.Gm)(this.ee);function m(e,t){h.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function v(){i++,n=window.location.hash,this[ve]=(0,p.z)()}function b(){i--,window.location.hash!==n&&m(0,!0);var e=(0,p.z)();this[pe]=~~this[pe]+e-this[ve],this[ye]=e}function y(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,p.z)()}))}this.ee.on(ve,v),s.on(be,v),a.on(be,v),this.ee.on(ye,b),s.on(ge,b),a.on(ge,b),this.ee.buffer([ve,ye,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),f.buffer([ve],this.featureName),u.buffer(["setTimeout"+le,"clearTimeout"+fe,ve],this.featureName),d.buffer([ve,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+fe],this.featureName),l.buffer([me+fe,me+"-done",me+he+fe,me+he+le],this.featureName),h.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),g.buffer([ve],this.featureName),s.buffer(["propagate",be,ge,"executor-err","resolve"+fe],this.featureName),o.buffer([ve,"no-"+ve],this.featureName),a.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),y(l,me+fe),y(l,me+"-done"),y(a,"new-jsonp"),y(a,"jsonp-end"),y(a,"cb-start"),h.on("pushState-end",m),h.on("replaceState-end",m),window.addEventListener("hashchange",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){m(0,i>1)}),(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}],loaderType:"spa"})})(),window.NRBA=o})(); </script>  <script> (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js', }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl + '&gtm_auth=RdH6vmSGiXahuYVxcLqliQ&gtm_preview=env-1&gtm_cookies_win=x'; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-NSWZ4WX'); </script>  <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; </script> <script> console.log = function () {}; </script> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Sustainable Development Goals Online | Taylor & Francis eBooks, Refere</title> <base href="/sdgo/"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade">  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="favicon.ico"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="assets/icon/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="assets/icon/favicon-96x96.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="assets/icon/favicon-16x16.png"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#00aacc"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#00aacc"> <style>@charset "UTF-8";body{font-family:Open Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300}*{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}@media print{*,:after,:before{color:#000!important;text-shadow:none!important;background:transparent!important;box-shadow:none!important}}*,:after,:before{box-sizing:border-box}html{font-size:10px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0,0,0,0)}body{font-family:Open Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:1.538461539;color:#000;background-color:#fff}body,html{height:100%}html{overflow-x:hidden}@font-face{font-family:Open Sans;src:url(OpenSans-Semibold-webfont.251eb58101253efe0706.eot?v=1);src:url(OpenSans-Semibold-webfont.251eb58101253efe0706.eot?#iefix&v=1) format("embedded-opentype"),url(OpenSans-Semibold-webfont.e57adecb3a8973e1e0d7.woff?v=1) format("woff"),url(OpenSans-Semibold-webfont.4f989b6610a18a4fcbe4.ttf?v=1) format("truetype"),url(OpenSans-Semibold-webfont.ab609fbfd571d7e50504.svg#OpenSans-Semibold-webfont?v=1) format("svg");font-weight:600;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:Open Sans;src:url(OpenSans-SemiboldItalic-webfont.8606c5af943f0f2220c0.eot?v=1);src:url(OpenSans-SemiboldItalic-webfont.8606c5af943f0f2220c0.eot?#iefix&v=1) format("embedded-opentype"),url(OpenSans-SemiboldItalic-webfont.9b9e6224439e8dcbfbcb.woff?v=1) format("woff"),url(OpenSans-SemiboldItalic-webfont.b731ffb17eb9151fb940.ttf?v=1) format("truetype"),url(OpenSans-SemiboldItalic-webfont.36a826e2dbd9c83f73a0.svg#OpenSans-SemiboldItalic-webfont?v=1) format("svg");font-weight:600;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:Open Sans;src:url(OpenSans-Regular-webfont.fbe7f69768218ba06417.eot?v=1);src:url(OpenSans-Regular-webfont.fbe7f69768218ba06417.eot?#iefix&v=1) format("embedded-opentype"),url(OpenSans-Regular-webfont.4f6ec530947c73b0c1dd.woff?v=1) format("woff"),url(OpenSans-Regular-webfont.8fb0006312b4968c978e.ttf?v=1) format("truetype"),url(OpenSans-Regular-webfont.06064867021ce3879575.svg#OpenSans-Regular-webfont?v=1) format("svg");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:Open Sans;src:url(OpenSans-Italic-webfont.5b7c821170bd8c8bc5fb.eot?v=1);src:url(OpenSans-Italic-webfont.5b7c821170bd8c8bc5fb.eot?#iefix&v=1) format("embedded-opentype"),url(OpenSans-Italic-webfont.0bd0c2ca25252b0b6495.woff?v=1) format("woff"),url(OpenSans-Italic-webfont.620dc68d30a98fd990a4.ttf?v=1) format("truetype"),url(OpenSans-Italic-webfont.2c2a4c8efd04b5595ace.svg#OpenSans-Italic-webfont?v=1) format("svg");font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:Open Sans;src:url(OpenSans-Bold-webfont.4f6aec473f52a4a0b948.eot?v=1);src:url(OpenSans-Bold-webfont.4f6aec473f52a4a0b948.eot?#iefix&v=1) format("embedded-opentype"),url(OpenSans-Bold-webfont.7721ba0909593fb4c700.woff?v=1) format("woff"),url(OpenSans-Bold-webfont.7c6331ddcf6dc0167f31.ttf?v=1) format("truetype"),url(OpenSans-Bold-webfont.57b40615b63a075a07a8.svg#OpenSans-Bold-webfont?v=1) format("svg");font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:Open Sans;src:url(OpenSans-BoldItalic-webfont.9b9ba408799eec129bc3.eot?v=1);src:url(OpenSans-BoldItalic-webfont.9b9ba408799eec129bc3.eot?#iefix&v=1) format("embedded-opentype"),url(OpenSans-BoldItalic-webfont.f4cc8e0fcd7b231a5699.woff?v=1) format("woff"),url(OpenSans-BoldItalic-webfont.aac8c5af5b0be1ec85dc.ttf?v=1) format("truetype"),url(OpenSans-BoldItalic-webfont.ad327a2ba9fd37b53b8e.svg#OpenSans-BoldItalic-webfont?v=1) format("svg");font-weight:700;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}:focus:not(body):not(div){outline:2px solid #2f8367!important;outline-offset:3px!important}</style><link rel="preload" href="styles.c966f9e1bf659dd6ca65.css" as="style"><link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.c966f9e1bf659dd6ca65.css"><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.c966f9e1bf659dd6ca65.css"></noscript><style ng-transition="sdgo-home-page">@keyframes circular_rotate{to{transform:scale(1)}0%{transform:scale(.5)}}.noscroll{overflow:hidden}.app-wrapper{height:auto!important;background:rgba(230,230,230,.3)!important}a.skip-link{left:-999px;position:absolute;top:auto;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;z-index:-999}a.skip-link:focus,a.skip-link:active{color:#fff;background-color:#000;left:0;right:0;top:5px;max-width:155px;height:auto;margin:0 auto;width:100%;overflow:auto;text-decoration:underline;padding:5px 10px;text-align:center;font-size:14px;z-index:999}.body-container>:nth-child(2){width:100%;display:block}::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#333!important;font-size:16px!important;letter-spacing:.2px!important}@media (max-width: 1023px){::-webkit-input-placeholder{font-size:12px!important}}:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#333!important;font-size:16px!important;letter-spacing:.2px!important}@media (max-width: 1023px){:-ms-input-placeholder{font-size:12px!important}}::placeholder{color:#333!important;font-size:16px!important;letter-spacing:.2px!important}@media (max-width: 1023px){::placeholder{font-size:12px!important}}input::-ms-clear{display:none!important}a{color:#007a96}a:hover{color:#007a96}a:focus{color:#007a96}.ellipsis{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden}.hide-text{line-height:0;font-size:0;color:transparent}.modal-dialog{position:absolute!important}.icon-search{font-size:32px!important;position:relative;top:1px}@media (max-width: 767px){.navbar-site .container .navbar-collapse{display:-webkit- flex;display:flex;-ms-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;-ms-align-items:center;align-items:center}.navbar-site .container .navbar-collapse .navbar-form{width:100%!important}.navbar-site .container .navbar-collapse .navbar-form .icon-search{float:right}}.navbar-site .container .navbar-collapse .form-control:focus{box-shadow:none}.modal-padding{position:fixed;overflow-y:scroll;width:100%}.visuallyhidden{border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;top:-400px;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}.visuallyhidden.focusable:active,.visuallyhidden.focusable:focus{clip:auto;height:auto;margin:0;overflow:visible;position:static} </style><style ng-transition="sdgo-home-page"></style><style ng-transition="sdgo-home-page">@keyframes circular_rotate{to{transform:scale(1)}0%{transform:scale(.5)}}.navbar-site[_ngcontent-sc71]{background-color:#fff;border:0px;margin-bottom:0;z-index:2;padding-top:18px;padding-bottom:18px}@media (max-width: 767px){.navbar-site[_ngcontent-sc71]{padding-top:16px;padding-bottom:16px}}.navbar-site[_ngcontent-sc71] .navbar-header[_ngcontent-sc71]{float:left;margin-left:0}@media (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 767px){.navbar-site[_ngcontent-sc71] .navbar-header[_ngcontent-sc71]{width:150px}}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px){.navbar-site[_ngcontent-sc71] .navbar-header[_ngcontent-sc71]{width:150px}}@media (min-width: 1024px) and (max-width: 1279px){.navbar-site[_ngcontent-sc71] .navbar-header[_ngcontent-sc71]{width:186px}}@media (min-width: 1280px){.navbar-site[_ngcontent-sc71] .navbar-header[_ngcontent-sc71]{width:235px}}.navbar-site[_ngcontent-sc71] .navbar-nav[_ngcontent-sc71]{display:flex;margin:0 25px 0 0}@media (min-width: 1280px){.navbar-site[_ngcontent-sc71] .navbar-nav[_ngcontent-sc71] li[_ngcontent-sc71]:not(:last-child){margin-right:35px}}@media (min-width: 1024px) and (max-width: 1279px){.navbar-site[_ngcontent-sc71] .navbar-nav[_ngcontent-sc71] li[_ngcontent-sc71]:not(:last-child){margin-right:20px}}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px){.navbar-site[_ngcontent-sc71] .navbar-nav[_ngcontent-sc71] li[_ngcontent-sc71]:not(:last-child){margin-right:15px}}@media (max-width: 767px){.navbar-site[_ngcontent-sc71] .navbar-nav[_ngcontent-sc71] li[_ngcontent-sc71]:not(:last-child){margin-right:10px}.navbar-site[_ngcontent-sc71] .navbar-nav[_ngcontent-sc71] li[_ngcontent-sc71]:last-child{margin-right:13px}}.informa-padding[_ngcontent-sc71]{padding-top:55px!important}</style><style ng-transition="sdgo-home-page">@keyframes circular_rotate{to{transform:scale(1)}0%{transform:scale(.5)}}[_nghost-sc70] .hide-text{line-height:0;font-size:0;color:transparent}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer{background-color:#333;width:100%}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .logo-container{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;width:100%;height:45px;margin-top:15px}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .logo-container img{height:100%}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .sub-info-list{padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .policies-links-container{display:flex;flex-direction:column}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .sub-info-container{margin-top:15px}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .sub-info-container .sub-info-options{padding:0;margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width: 1024px){[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .sub-info-container .sub-info-options{display:flex;justify-content:space-between}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .sub-info-container .sub-info-options .sub-info-list .sub-info-options{flex-direction:column}}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .icon-toggle{float:right}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .icon-toggle i{color:#fff;font-size:26px;cursor:pointer;font-weight:bold}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .info-container{margin-top:30px}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .connectMessage{font-size:15px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;margin:35px 0 10px}@media (min-width: 1024px){[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .connectMessage{margin-top:0;font-weight:bold}}@media (max-width: 1023px){[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .connectMessage{margin:12px 0 2px}}@media (min-width: 1024px) and (max-width: 1279px){[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .connectMessage{font-size:12px;font-weight:bold}}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .social-list{display:flex;padding:0}@media (min-width: 1024px){[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .social-list{border-bottom:0}}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .social-list li{list-style-type:none}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .social-list li a{margin-right:10px;padding:5px 0 8px}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .social-list li i{font-size:30px;color:#fff}@media (min-width: 1024px){[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .social-list li i{font-size:32px}}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .info-option{border-bottom:solid 2px rgba(146,142,142,.3);padding:15px 0}@media (min-width: 1024px){[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .info-option{border-bottom:0;float:left}}@media (max-width: 1023px){[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .info-option{padding:13px 5px 10px}}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .info-option .accordian-panel{padding:5px 0;display:block;border:none;width:-webkit-fill-available;-webkit-appearance:none;text-align:inherit;background-color:transparent}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .info-option li{margin-top:15px;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;list-style-type:none;cursor:pointer}@media (max-width: 1279px){[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .info-option li{font-size:12px;margin-top:8px;line-height:15px}}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .info-option li a{color:#fff;display:inline-block}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .sub-info{line-height:20px;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;color:#fff}@media (max-width: 1279px){[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .sub-info{font-size:12px}}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .footer-bottom{margin:16px 0 30px;font-size:12px;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;letter-spacing:.11px;color:#a3a3a3}@media (min-width: 1024px){[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .footer-bottom{clear:both;border-top:solid 2px rgba(146,142,142,.3);margin-bottom:20px}}@media (max-width: 1023px){[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .footer-bottom{font-size:10px!important;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;letter-spacing:.09px;color:#a3a3a3}}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .footer-bottom p{margin-top:20px}@media (max-width: 1023px){[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .footer-bottom p{margin-top:0;font-size:10px!important}}[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .copyRight{display:block;margin-top:10px}@media (min-width: 1024px){[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .copyRight{float:right;margin-top:0}}@media (max-width: 1024px){[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .hideInfoOption{display:none}}@media (min-width: 1024px){[_nghost-sc70] .tnf-footer .social-list-container{padding-top:15px}}</style><style ng-transition="sdgo-home-page">@keyframes circular_rotate{to{transform:scale(1)}0%{transform:scale(.5)}}.lib-logo-container.navbar-brand[_ngcontent-sc72]{margin-left:0;padding:0;height:auto}@media (max-width: 767px){.lib-logo-container.navbar-brand[_ngcontent-sc72]{top:0px}}.lib-logo-container.navbar-brand[_ngcontent-sc72] img[_ngcontent-sc72]{height:30px}@media (min-width: 768px){.lib-logo-container.navbar-brand[_ngcontent-sc72] img[_ngcontent-sc72]{height:44px;max-width:100%}}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast: active),(-ms-high-contrast: none){.lib-logo-container.navbar-brand[_ngcontent-sc72] img[_ngcontent-sc72]{height:auto!important;width:100%!important}}</style><meta name="appVersion" content="v2.0.16, Tue Nov 05 2024 10:13:33 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)"><style ng-transition="sdgo-home-page">@keyframes circular_rotate{to{transform:scale(1)}0%{transform:scale(.5)}}@media (max-width: 1024px){.hide-small[_ngcontent-sc68]{display:none}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.hide-large[_ngcontent-sc68]{display:none}}</style><style ng-transition="sdgo-home-page">@keyframes circular_rotate{to{transform:scale(1)}0%{transform:scale(.5)}}[_ngcontent-sc69]:root{--text-color: #007994}#scroll-to-top[_ngcontent-sc69]{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:end;position:fixed;width:90px;height:66px;bottom:50px;right:6px;z-index:999;opacity:0;transition:all .2s ease;transform:translateY(100px);border:none;cursor:pointer;color:var(--text-color);font-size:12px}@media (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1023px){#scroll-to-top[_ngcontent-sc69]{bottom:20px;right:13px}}.show-scroll-to-top[_ngcontent-sc69]{opacity:1!important;transform:translateY(0)!important}</style><style ng-transition="sdgo-home-page">@keyframes circular_rotate{to{transform:scale(1)}0%{transform:scale(.5)}}.feed-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc172]{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;width:952px;margin:25px auto 30px}.feed-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc172] .events-thoughts-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc172]{width:37%;margin-right:3%}.feed-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc172] .thoughts-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc172]{margin-bottom:20px;height:330px;position:relative;background-size:cover;background-position:-140px}.feed-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc172] .news-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc172]{width:60%;background:white;padding:0 20px;overflow-y:scroll;box-shadow:0 0 4px 1px #0003;background-color:#fff;height:545px}.feed-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc172] .events-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc172]{padding:20px;height:195px;box-shadow:0 0 4px 1px #0003;background-color:#3c6f99}.featured-chapter-section[_ngcontent-sc172]{position:relative;min-height:250px;background:white;margin-top:100px}@media (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1023px){.feed-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc172]{width:calc(100% - 30px);margin:15px}.feed-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc172] .news-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc172]{width:100%}.feed-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc172] .events-thoughts-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc172]{width:100%;margin-bottom:20px;margin-right:0}.feed-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc172] .events-container[_ngcontent-sc172] .thoughts-body[_ngcontent-sc172]{width:157px;height:202px}.featured-chapter-section[_ngcontent-sc172]{height:auto;min-height:400px;margin-top:60px}}@media (min-width: 1024px) and (max-width: 1279px){.feed-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc172]{width:900px}}</style><style ng-transition="sdgo-home-page">@keyframes circular_rotate{to{transform:scale(1)}0%{transform:scale(.5)}}.footer-note[_ngcontent-sc168], .goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .footer-note-2[_ngcontent-sc168]{margin:0;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;padding:10px;font-size:14px;letter-spacing:.3px;min-height:58px}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168]{height:550px;width:980px;margin:145px auto 0!important;box-shadow:0 4px 8px #0003,0 6px 20px #00000030;background-color:#fff}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .goal-message-container[_ngcontent-sc168]{height:100%;padding-left:0}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .goal-message-container[_ngcontent-sc168] .sdgo-goals-message[_ngcontent-sc168]{padding:15px;height:100%;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.28px;line-height:20px;font-size:13px;display:flex;align-items:flex-end}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .wheel-container[_ngcontent-sc168]{margin-left:calc(50% - 180px);text-align:center;position:relative;top:40px;height:350px;width:360px}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .wheel-container[_ngcontent-sc168] .arc[_ngcontent-sc168]{position:absolute}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .wheel-container[_ngcontent-sc168] .arc.goal-1[_ngcontent-sc168]{right:142px;top:-7px;transform:rotate(-23deg)}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .wheel-container[_ngcontent-sc168] .arc.goal-2[_ngcontent-sc168]{right:83px;top:4px;transform:rotate(-2deg)}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .wheel-container[_ngcontent-sc168] .arc.goal-3[_ngcontent-sc168]{right:33px;top:38px;transform:rotate(21deg)}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .wheel-container[_ngcontent-sc168] .arc.goal-4[_ngcontent-sc168]{right:-1px;top:86px;transform:rotate(41deg)}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .wheel-container[_ngcontent-sc168] .arc.goal-5[_ngcontent-sc168]{right:-17px;top:142px;transform:rotate(62deg)}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .wheel-container[_ngcontent-sc168] .arc.goal-6[_ngcontent-sc168]{right:-10px;top:201px;transform:rotate(83deg)}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .wheel-container[_ngcontent-sc168] .arc.goal-7[_ngcontent-sc168]{right:19px;top:254px;transform:rotate(104deg)}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .wheel-container[_ngcontent-sc168] .arc.goal-8[_ngcontent-sc168]{right:63px;top:293px;transform:rotate(127deg)}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .wheel-container[_ngcontent-sc168] .arc.goal-9[_ngcontent-sc168]{right:119px;top:313px;transform:rotate(146deg)}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .wheel-container[_ngcontent-sc168] .arc.goal-10[_ngcontent-sc168]{right:177px;top:310px;transform:rotate(167deg)}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .wheel-container[_ngcontent-sc168] .arc.goal-11[_ngcontent-sc168]{right:232px;top:288px;transform:rotate(188deg)}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .wheel-container[_ngcontent-sc168] .arc.goal-12[_ngcontent-sc168]{right:276px;top:247px;transform:rotate(211deg)}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .wheel-container[_ngcontent-sc168] .arc.goal-13[_ngcontent-sc168]{right:301px;top:194px;transform:rotate(231deg)}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .wheel-container[_ngcontent-sc168] .arc.goal-14[_ngcontent-sc168]{right:305px;top:135px;transform:rotate(253deg)}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .wheel-container[_ngcontent-sc168] .arc.goal-15[_ngcontent-sc168]{right:288px;top:80px;transform:rotate(274deg)}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .wheel-container[_ngcontent-sc168] .arc.goal-16[_ngcontent-sc168]{right:251px;top:32px;transform:rotate(-65deg)}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .wheel-container[_ngcontent-sc168] .arc.goal-17[_ngcontent-sc168]{right:200px;top:3px;transform:rotate(-45deg)}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168]{height:492px;padding:45px 30px 30px 45px}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168] .goal-title[_ngcontent-sc168]{font-size:24px;line-height:1.17;letter-spacing:.41px;color:#e5a506;position:relative;cursor:pointer;font-weight:400}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168] .goal-title[_ngcontent-sc168] .goal-direction[_ngcontent-sc168]{color:#cac8c8;font-weight:lighter}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168] .goal-title[_ngcontent-sc168] .goal-header[_ngcontent-sc168]{padding:4px;max-width:300px}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168] .goal-title[_ngcontent-sc168] h2[_ngcontent-sc168]{display:inline;font-weight:400}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168] .goal-description[_ngcontent-sc168]{padding-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#333;font-family:"Open Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;max-height:200px;overflow:hidden;position:relative}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-count[_ngcontent-sc168]{position:absolute;bottom:30px}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .type[_ngcontent-sc168]{text-align:left;font-size:17px;color:#666}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-type-count[_ngcontent-sc168]{display:flex}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-type-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .count-section[_ngcontent-sc168]{padding-top:40px;color:#000;cursor:pointer}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-type-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .count-section[_ngcontent-sc168] .count[_ngcontent-sc168]{font-size:26px;max-width:60px;display:flex;justify-content:center}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-type-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .count-section[_ngcontent-sc168] .hor-line[_ngcontent-sc168]{height:1px;width:60px}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-type-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .count-section.align-left[_ngcontent-sc168]{margin-left:20px}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .footer-note-2[_ngcontent-sc168]{background-color:#f1f1f1;color:#333;height:58px}.tall[_ngcontent-sc168]{height:100%}.row.no-gutters[_ngcontent-sc168]{margin-right:0;margin-left:0}.row.no-gutters[_ngcontent-sc168] .row[_ngcontent-sc168]{margin-right:0;margin-left:0}.row.no-gutters[_ngcontent-sc168] .col[_ngcontent-sc168]{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}@media (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1023px){.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168]{width:calc(100% - 30px);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;height:unset}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168]{height:unset;text-align:center}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-count[_ngcontent-sc168]{width:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center;position:unset}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .type[_ngcontent-sc168]{text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#666}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-type-count[_ngcontent-sc168]{display:flex}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-type-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .count-section[_ngcontent-sc168]{padding-top:40px;color:#000;cursor:pointer}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-type-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .count-section[_ngcontent-sc168] .count[_ngcontent-sc168]{font-size:18px;max-width:60px;display:flex;justify-content:center}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-type-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .count-section[_ngcontent-sc168] .hor-line[_ngcontent-sc168]{height:1px;width:60px}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .selected-goal-details[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .product-type-count[_ngcontent-sc168] .count-section.align-left[_ngcontent-sc168]{margin-left:20px}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .footer-note-1[_ngcontent-sc168]{margin:0;display:flex;align-items:center;padding:10px;background-color:#f1f1f1;color:#fff;height:54px;justify-content:flex-start;font-size:12px;line-height:20px;letter-spacing:.26px}.goal-section-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc168] .footer-note-2[_ngcontent-sc168]{height:54px;min-height:unset;justify-content:flex-start;font-size:12px;line-height:20px;letter-spacing:.26px}}.type[_ngcontent-sc168]{font-size:17px;font-weight:lighter;font-family:"Open Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;line-height:22px;padding-top:8px;color:#666}.path[_ngcontent-sc168]{outline:none!important}.goal-wheel[_ngcontent-sc168]{scale:1.5;translate:30% 21%}</style><style ng-transition="sdgo-home-page">@keyframes circular_rotate{to{transform:scale(1)}0%{transform:scale(.5)}}.events-container[_ngcontent-sc169]{height:300px;color:#fff}.events-container[_ngcontent-sc169] .header[_ngcontent-sc169]{margin:0;border-bottom:1px solid white;position:-webkit-sticky;position:relative;top:0;padding-bottom:5px;font-size:15px;font-weight:normal;color:#fff}.events-container[_ngcontent-sc169] .event-body[_ngcontent-sc169]{display:flex;padding-top:8px}.events-container[_ngcontent-sc169] .event-body[_ngcontent-sc169] .date-section[_ngcontent-sc169] .day[_ngcontent-sc169]{font-size:40px}.events-container[_ngcontent-sc169] .event-body[_ngcontent-sc169] .date-section[_ngcontent-sc169] .month[_ngcontent-sc169]{font-size:24px;font-weight:lighter;font-family:"Open Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.events-container[_ngcontent-sc169] .event-body[_ngcontent-sc169] .event-content[_ngcontent-sc169] .event-header[_ngcontent-sc169]{font-size:15px}.events-container[_ngcontent-sc169] .event-body[_ngcontent-sc169] .event-content[_ngcontent-sc169] .event-desc[_ngcontent-sc169]{font-size:15px}.events-container[_ngcontent-sc169] .event-body[_ngcontent-sc169] .event-content[_ngcontent-sc169] .book-button[_ngcontent-sc169]{margin-top:42px;border:solid 1px white!important;color:#fff!important;background:transparent;padding:5px 18px;font-size:14px}.events-container[_ngcontent-sc169] .event-body[_ngcontent-sc169] .event-content[_ngcontent-sc169] .book-button[_ngcontent-sc169]:hover{background-color:inherit!important}</style><meta property="og:title" content="Sustainable Development Goals Online | Taylor & Francis eBooks, Refere"><meta name="description" content="A curated library to support the United Nation's call to action to end poverty, fight inequality & injustice and protect the planet"><script type="application/ld+json" id="jsonld">{"Type":"Website","Name":"Sustainable Development Goals Online","Description":"A curated library to support the United Nations call to action to end poverty, fight inequality & injustice and protect the planet","Image":"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/assets/img/UNSDGO-Logo-Header.svg","graph":[{"Type":"CollectionPage","Name":"No Poverty","Description":"<div class=\"goal-description\"></div>\n<p>Stop poverty in all its forms. Eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere. Reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty. Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all. Ensure everyone has equal rights to economic resources and access to basic services.</p>\n","Image":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184035/Goal-01.png"},{"Type":"CollectionPage","Name":"Zero Hunger","Description":"<div class=\"goal-description\">\n<div class=\"ngx-ellipsis-inner\">End world hunger. Ensure access by all people to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round. End all forms of malnutrition. Ensure sustainable food production systems. Implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, and that help maintain ecosystems.</div>\n</div>\n","Image":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184039/Goal-02.png"},{"Type":"CollectionPage","Name":"Good Health and Well-Being","Description":"<p>Ensure good health and wellbeing for all. Reduce the global mortality ratio. End preventable deaths of new-borns and children under 5 years of age. End the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases. Promote mental health and wellbeing. Achieve universal health coverage.</p>\n","Image":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184042/Goal-03.png"},{"Type":"CollectionPage","Name":"Quality Education","Description":"<div class=\"goal-description\">\n<div class=\"ngx-ellipsis-inner\">Ensure inclusive and quality education for all. Promote lifelong learning. Eliminate gender disparities in education. Ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development and care. Ensure equal access to all levels of education for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations.</div>\n</div>\n","Image":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184044/Goal-04.png"},{"Type":"CollectionPage","Name":"Gender Equality","Description":"<p>Tackle all forms of gender equality issues. End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere. Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership.</p>\n","Image":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184047/Goal-05.png"},{"Type":"CollectionPage","Name":"Clean Water and Sanitation","Description":"<div class=\"goal-description\">\n<div class=\"ngx-ellipsis-inner\">Implement clean water solutions globally. Achieve universal access to safe and affordable drinking water for all. Achieve access to adequate sanitation and hygiene for all. Improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials.</div>\n</div>\n","Image":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184050/Goal-06.png"},{"Type":"CollectionPage","Name":"Affordable and Clean Energy","Description":"<div class=\"goal-description\">\n<div class=\"ngx-ellipsis-inner\">Ensure universal access to affordable and clean energy for all. Increase the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix. Enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology. Expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries.</div>\n</div>\n","Image":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184053/Goal-07.png"},{"Type":"CollectionPage","Name":"Decent Work and Economic Growth","Description":"<p>Ensure inclusive and sustainable economic development worldwide. Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation. Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including for young people and persons with disabilities. Achieve equal pay for work of equal value.</p>\n","Image":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184056/Goal-08.png"},{"Type":"CollectionPage","Name":"Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure","Description":"<div class=\"goal-description\">\n<div class=\"ngx-ellipsis-inner\">\n<p>Ensure sustainable industry innovation and infrastructure. Develop reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure that supports economic development and human well-being. Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation. Upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable. Support greater adoption of clean technologies.</p>\n</div>\n<div class=\"erd_scroll_detection_container erd_scroll_detection_container_animation_active\">\n<div class=\"erd_scroll_detection_container\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<div class=\"erd_scroll_detection_container\">\n<div>\n<div></div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n","Image":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184058/Goal-09.png"},{"Type":"CollectionPage","Name":"Reduced Inequalities","Description":"<div class=\"goal-description\">\n<div class=\"ngx-ellipsis-inner\">Reduce inequality within and among countries. Empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status. Ensure equal opportunity. Reduce inequalities of outcome, by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices.</div>\n</div>\n","Image":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184101/Goal-10.png"},{"Type":"CollectionPage","Name":"Sustainable Cities and Communities","Description":"<p>Develop sustainable cities and society worldwide. Ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing. Enhance capacity for integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management. Reduce the adverse environmental impact of cities by paying special attention to air quality and waste management.</p>\n","Image":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184104/Goal-11.png"},{"Type":"CollectionPage","Name":"Responsible Consumption and Production","Description":"<div class=\"goal-description\">\n<div class=\"ngx-ellipsis-inner\">\n<p>Ensure sustainable consumption and responsible production patterns. Reduce global food waste at the retail and consumer levels. Achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals throughout their life cycle. Substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse.</p>\n</div>\n<div class=\"erd_scroll_detection_container erd_scroll_detection_container_animation_active\">\n<div class=\"erd_scroll_detection_container\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<div class=\"erd_scroll_detection_container\">\n<div>\n<div></div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n","Image":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184107/Goal-12.png"},{"Type":"CollectionPage","Name":"Climate Action","Description":"<div class=\"goal-description\">\n<div class=\"ngx-ellipsis-inner\">\n<p>Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters. Integrate climate change solutions and measures into national policies, strategies and planning. Improve education on climate change mitigation, impact reduction and early warning.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n","Image":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184111/Goal-13.png"},{"Type":"CollectionPage","Name":"Life Below Water","Description":"<p>Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources. Prevent and decrease sea pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities. Sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts. End overfishing, illegal, unreported and destructive fishing practices.</p>\n","Image":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184114/Goal-14.png"},{"Type":"CollectionPage","Name":"Life On Land","Description":"<p>Prevent threats to biodiversity. Ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems, including forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands. Promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests. Halt deforestation. Combat desertification and restore degraded land and soil.</p>\n","Image":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184117/Goal-15.png"},{"Type":"CollectionPage","Name":"Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions","Description":"<div class=\"goal-description\">\n<div class=\"ngx-ellipsis-inner\">Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies. Significantly reduce all forms for violence. End abuse, exploitation, and trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children. Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels. Ensure equal access to justice for all.</div>\n</div>\n","Image":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184120/Goal-16.png"},{"Type":"CollectionPage","Name":"Partnerships for the Goals","Description":"<div class=\"goal-description\">\n<div class=\"ngx-ellipsis-inner\">Revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development. Support the creation of strong SDG partnerships to achieve the ambitious targets of the 2030 Agenda. Bring together national governments, the international community, civil society, the private sector and other actors.</div>\n</div>\n","Image":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184123/Goal-17.png"}]}</script><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/sdgo"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Sustainable Development Goals Online"><meta property="og:description" content="A curated library to support the United Nation's call to action to end poverty, fight inequality & injustice and protect the planet"><meta property="og:image" content="http://www.taylorfrancis.com/assets/img/sdgo-logo.png"><meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/assets/img/sdgo-logo.png"><meta name="audience" content="all"><meta name="distribution" content="global"><style ng-transition="sdgo-home-page">@keyframes circular_rotate{to{transform:scale(1)}0%{transform:scale(.5)}}[_nghost-sc81]{--carousel-img-height: 400px;--carousel-mob-img-height: 200px}.carousel-holder[_ngcontent-sc81]{margin:20px 0;position:relative}.carousel-holder[_ngcontent-sc81] button.owl-nav-button[_ngcontent-sc81]{position:absolute;top:181px;z-index:1;background:none;border:0;padding:0;border-radius:50%}.carousel-holder[_ngcontent-sc81] button.owl-nav-button#owl-icon-prev[_ngcontent-sc81]{left:20px}.carousel-holder[_ngcontent-sc81] button.owl-nav-button#owl-icon-next[_ngcontent-sc81]{right:20px}.carousel-holder[_ngcontent-sc81] button.owl-nav-button[_ngcontent-sc81] i.bg-black[_ngcontent-sc81]{background:#000;font-size:30px;font-weight:700;color:#fff;border-radius:50%;border:1px solid #979797;padding:3px}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content{font-size:12px}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-carousel{z-index:0}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-carousel .owl-stage-outer{z-index:100;overflow-x:clip}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .carousel-slide{position:relative}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .carousel-slide img{border-radius:12px;height:100%}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item .carousel-slide{display:block;justify-content:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;position:relative;padding:5px 0}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item .carousel-slide .slide-info{display:none;box-sizing:border-box;position:absolute;width:55%;top:50%;padding:40px 7%;transform:translateY(-50%);font-size:1.5em;color:#fff;background-image:linear-gradient(to right,black 80%,rgba(0,0,0,0));flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start;-webkit-justify-content:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;-webkit-align-items:flex-start}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item .carousel-slide .slide-info h2{font-size:30px;margin:0;letter-spacing:.15px}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item .carousel-slide .slide-info p{font-size:20px;margin:20px 0}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item .carousel-slide .slide-info a{background:#333333;padding:3px 20px;border:1px solid #999999;color:#fff;margin-bottom:0;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:14px}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item .carousel-slide .slide-info a i{display:none}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item .carousel-slide a.carousel-link .custom-focus{width:100%}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item .carousel-slide a.carousel-link:focus{outline:none!important}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item .carousel-slide a.carousel-link:focus .custom-focus{outline:2px solid #2f8367!important;outline-offset:3px!important}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item .carousel-slide img{border-radius:12px;object-fit:cover;object-position:center}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item.active.center .carousel-slide .slide-info{display:flex;display:-webkit-flex}@media (max-width: 767px){.carousel-holder[_ngcontent-sc81]{margin:10px 0}.carousel-holder[_ngcontent-sc81] button.owl-nav-button[_ngcontent-sc81]{top:83.5px}.carousel-holder[_ngcontent-sc81] button.owl-nav-button#owl-icon-prev[_ngcontent-sc81]{left:15px}.carousel-holder[_ngcontent-sc81] button.owl-nav-button#owl-icon-next[_ngcontent-sc81]{right:15px}.carousel-holder[_ngcontent-sc81] button.owl-nav-button[_ngcontent-sc81] i.bg-black[_ngcontent-sc81]{font-size:25px}.carousel-content[_ngcontent-sc81] img[_ngcontent-sc81]{height:200px!important}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item .carousel-slide .slide-info{width:80%;padding:40px 10%}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item .carousel-slide .slide-info h2{font-size:14px}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item .carousel-slide .slide-info p{font-size:10px;margin:10px 0}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item .carousel-slide .slide-info a{font-size:15px;background:unset;padding:unset;border:unset}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item .carousel-slide .slide-info a i{display:inline-block}}@media (max-width: 767px) and (max-width: 1023px){[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item .carousel-slide .slide-info a i{margin:-6px 0 -2px -3px;font-weight:700;font-size:18px}}@media (max-width: 767px){[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item .carousel-slide .slide-info a i:last-child{transform:translate(-50%)}}@media (min-width: 1024px) and (max-width: 1279px){[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item .carousel-slide .slide-info h2{font-size:22px}[_nghost-sc81] .carousel-content .owl-item .carousel-slide .slide-info p{font-size:19px}}.product-text[_ngcontent-sc81]{height:100%;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.3px;color:#007a96;position:relative;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;line-height:22px;margin-top:10px}@media (max-width: 767px){.product-text[_ngcontent-sc81]{height:100%;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.24px;color:#007a96;position:relative;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;line-height:18px;margin-top:5px}}.series-title-carousel[_ngcontent-sc81] .carousel-content[_ngcontent-sc81] .carousel-slide[_ngcontent-sc81]{display:flex;display:-webkit-flex}.series-title-carousel[_ngcontent-sc81] .carousel-content[_ngcontent-sc81] .carousel-slide[_ngcontent-sc81] a.carousel-link[_ngcontent-sc81] .custom-focus[_ngcontent-sc81]{width:180px}@media (max-width: 767px){.series-title-carousel[_ngcontent-sc81] .carousel-content[_ngcontent-sc81] .carousel-slide[_ngcontent-sc81] a.carousel-link[_ngcontent-sc81] .custom-focus[_ngcontent-sc81] img[_ngcontent-sc81]{height:240px!important}}.series-title-carousel[_ngcontent-sc81] button.owl-nav-button[_ngcontent-sc81]{top:101px}[_nghost-sc81] .sdgo-banner-img{margin-top:0!important;margin-bottom:230px}[_nghost-sc81] .sdgo-banner-img .owl-carousel .owl-item img{display:block;width:100%}[_nghost-sc81] .sdgo-banner-img .carousel-slide img{border-radius:0!important}@media (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 767px){[_nghost-sc81] .sdgo-banner-img{margin-bottom:260px}}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px){[_nghost-sc81] .sdgo-banner-img .banner-details{top:300px!important}}.carousel-caption[_ngcontent-sc81]{z-index:0!important}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81]{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%);max-width:980px;top:280px;margin:0 auto;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;height:280px;padding:0;box-shadow:0 15px 34px #0000004d;background-color:#3c6f99}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-text[_ngcontent-sc81]{text-align:center;width:100%}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-text[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-title[_ngcontent-sc81]{font-size:29px;color:#fff;cursor:pointer}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-text[_ngcontent-sc81] .sub-title[_ngcontent-sc81]{padding-top:16px;font-size:18px;color:#fff;width:67%;margin:auto;cursor:pointer;letter-spacing:.45px}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81]{width:100%;padding-top:20px;text-align:center}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-title[_ngcontent-sc81]{font-size:14px;font-style:italic;letter-spacing:.3px;color:#fff}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-body[_ngcontent-sc81]{margin-top:20px}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-body[_ngcontent-sc81] img[_ngcontent-sc81]{height:33px;margin-left:16px}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-body[_ngcontent-sc81] img[_ngcontent-sc81]:first-child{height:29px}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-body[_ngcontent-sc81] img[_ngcontent-sc81]:last-child{height:31px}@media (min-width: 1024px) and (max-width: 1279px){.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81]{width:900px}}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px){.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81]{max-width:720px;height:240px}}@media (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 767px){.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81]{max-width:calc(100% - 30px);height:290px;width:90%}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81]{padding-top:10px}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-title[_ngcontent-sc81]{font-size:12px;font-style:italic;letter-spacing:.26px}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-body[_ngcontent-sc81]{margin-top:10px}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-body[_ngcontent-sc81] img[_ngcontent-sc81]{height:22px;margin-left:16px}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-body[_ngcontent-sc81] img[_ngcontent-sc81]:first-child{height:19px;width:66px}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-body[_ngcontent-sc81] img[_ngcontent-sc81]:last-child{height:24px}}@media (max-width: 320px){.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81]{height:320px}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81]{padding-top:10px}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-title[_ngcontent-sc81]{font-size:12px;font-style:italic;letter-spacing:.26px}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-body[_ngcontent-sc81]{margin-top:10px}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-body[_ngcontent-sc81] img[_ngcontent-sc81]{height:22px;margin-left:16px}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-body[_ngcontent-sc81] img[_ngcontent-sc81]:first-child{height:19px;width:66px}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-body[_ngcontent-sc81] img[_ngcontent-sc81]:last-child{height:24px}}@media (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 1023px){.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81]{top:124px!important}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-text[_ngcontent-sc81]{padding-top:20px}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-text[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-title[_ngcontent-sc81]{font-size:22px!important;letter-spacing:.55px;width:auto!important;margin:auto 23px!important}.banner-details[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-text[_ngcontent-sc81] .sub-title[_ngcontent-sc81]{font-size:14px!important;width:auto!important;margin:auto 5px!important}.banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-title[_ngcontent-sc81]{font-size:14px;font-style:italic;letter-spacing:.3px}.banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-body[_ngcontent-sc81]{margin-top:20px}.banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-body[_ngcontent-sc81] img[_ngcontent-sc81]{height:33px;margin-left:16px}.banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-body[_ngcontent-sc81] img[_ngcontent-sc81]:first-child{height:29px}.banner-footer[_ngcontent-sc81] .banner-body[_ngcontent-sc81] img[_ngcontent-sc81]:last-child{height:31px}}</style><style ng-transition="sdgo-home-page">@keyframes circular_rotate{to{transform:scale(1)}0%{transform:scale(.5)}}.events-container[_ngcontent-sc170]{height:100%;width:100%}.events-container[_ngcontent-sc170] .thoughts-body[_ngcontent-sc170]{display:flex;position:absolute;background:white;width:191px;height:216px;right:0;top:57px}.events-container[_ngcontent-sc170] .thoughts-body[_ngcontent-sc170] .date-section[_ngcontent-sc170] .day[_ngcontent-sc170]{font-size:40px}.events-container[_ngcontent-sc170] .thoughts-body[_ngcontent-sc170] .date-section[_ngcontent-sc170] .month[_ngcontent-sc170]{font-size:24px;font-weight:lighter;font-family:"Open Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.events-container[_ngcontent-sc170] .thoughts-body[_ngcontent-sc170] .thoughts-content[_ngcontent-sc170]{padding-left:10px;padding-right:15px}.events-container[_ngcontent-sc170] .thoughts-body[_ngcontent-sc170] .thoughts-content[_ngcontent-sc170] .thoughts-header[_ngcontent-sc170]{color:#3c6f99;font-size:15px;padding-top:15px;border-bottom:1px solid #3c6f99;padding-bottom:5px}.events-container[_ngcontent-sc170] .thoughts-body[_ngcontent-sc170] .thoughts-content[_ngcontent-sc170] .thoughts-desc[_ngcontent-sc170]{font-size:13px;max-height:75px;overflow:hidden}.events-container[_ngcontent-sc170] .thoughts-body[_ngcontent-sc170] .thoughts-content[_ngcontent-sc170] .book-button[_ngcontent-sc170]{border:1px solid #007a96;color:#007a96;margin-top:20px;padding:5px 18px;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.3px;font-size:14px}.events-container[_ngcontent-sc170] .thoughts-body[_ngcontent-sc170] .thoughts-content[_ngcontent-sc170] .book-button[_ngcontent-sc170]:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#007a96!important;border-color:transparent;box-shadow:inset -1px -1px #0088a3}.events-container[_ngcontent-sc170] .leader-image[_ngcontent-sc170]{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}</style><style ng-transition="sdgo-home-page">.circle-spinner[_ngcontent-sc153]{display:block;height:100%;width:100%;text-align:center;position:absolute}</style><style ng-transition="sdgo-home-page">.news-container[_ngcontent-sc171] .header[_ngcontent-sc171]{margin:0;border-bottom:1px solid #3c6f99;position:sticky;top:0;background:white;padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:5px;font-size:15px;font-weight:normal;color:#3c6f99}.news-container[_ngcontent-sc171] .header-results-container[_ngcontent-sc171]{margin-top:10px!important}.news-container[_ngcontent-sc171] .news-body[_ngcontent-sc171]{display:flex;border-bottom:solid .5px #e6e6e6;color:#000}.news-container[_ngcontent-sc171] .news-body[_ngcontent-sc171] .news-content[_ngcontent-sc171]{width:96%;padding:18px 0;cursor:pointer}.news-container[_ngcontent-sc171] .news-body[_ngcontent-sc171] .news-header[_ngcontent-sc171]{font-size:15px}.news-container[_ngcontent-sc171] .news-body[_ngcontent-sc171] span[_ngcontent-sc171]{font-size:15px;font-style:italic;color:#928e8e}.news-container[_ngcontent-sc171] .news-body[_ngcontent-sc171] .author[_ngcontent-sc171]{padding-left:21px}.news-container[_ngcontent-sc171] .news-body[_ngcontent-sc171] .button-container[_ngcontent-sc171]{display:flex;align-items:center}.news-container[_ngcontent-sc171] .news-body[_ngcontent-sc171] .button-container[_ngcontent-sc171] i[_ngcontent-sc171]{color:#3c6f99;font-weight:500;border:0;font-size:30px}.news-container[_ngcontent-sc171] .loader-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc171]{position:relative;height:55px}.news-container[_ngcontent-sc171] .loader-wrapper[_ngcontent-sc171] .loader[_ngcontent-sc171]{width:50px;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:0;height:100%;bottom:0;margin:auto;text-align:center}.news-container[_ngcontent-sc171] .button-center[_ngcontent-sc171]{padding:25px 0;text-align:center}.news-container[_ngcontent-sc171] .button-center[_ngcontent-sc171] button[_ngcontent-sc171]{border:solid 1px #3c6f99;color:#3c6f99;background:#fff;text-transform:uppercase;padding:5px 10px}</style><style ng-transition="sdgo-home-page">@keyframes circular_rotate{to{transform:scale(1)}0%{transform:scale(.5)}}.imprint-container[_ngcontent-sc96]{background-color:#007a96}.heading-container[_ngcontent-sc96]{font-size:22px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:.16px;text-align:center;color:#fff;margin-top:40px}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px){.heading-container[_ngcontent-sc96]{font-size:22px;margin-bottom:0}}@media (max-width: 767px){.heading-container[_ngcontent-sc96]{font-size:16px;margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:0}}.imprint-images[_ngcontent-sc96]:focus{outline-offset:6px!important;outline:2px solid white!important}.imprint-images-small[_ngcontent-sc96]:focus{outline-offset:4px!important;outline:2px solid white!important}.desktop-image-container[_ngcontent-sc96]{padding:44px 0 50px}@media (max-width: 767px){.desktop-image-container[_ngcontent-sc96]{padding:10px 0 30px}}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px){.desktop-image-container[_ngcontent-sc96]{padding:30px 0}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.desktop-image-container[_ngcontent-sc96] .brands-flex-container[_ngcontent-sc96]{display:flex;justify-content:center}}.routledge-image[_ngcontent-sc96]{text-align:center}.routledge-image[_ngcontent-sc96] a[_ngcontent-sc96]{display:block;height:100%}.routledge-image[_ngcontent-sc96] img[_ngcontent-sc96]{width:200px;height:55px;object-fit:contain}@media (min-width: 1024px) and (max-width: 1279px){.routledge-image[_ngcontent-sc96] img[_ngcontent-sc96]{width:160px;height:42px}}@media (max-width: 767px){.routledge-image[_ngcontent-sc96] img[_ngcontent-sc96]{margin-top:30px;width:121px;height:34px}}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px){.routledge-image[_ngcontent-sc96] img[_ngcontent-sc96]{margin-top:24px;margin-left:30px}}</style></head> <body>  <sdgo-home-root ng-version="12.2.16"><div class="app-wrapper"><div id="skip-link"><a class="skip-link" href="/sdgo/#main-content">Skip to main content</a></div><shared-lib-header-wrapper _nghost-sc148=""><core-lib-header _ngcontent-sc148="" _nghost-sc71=""><header _ngcontent-sc71=""><div _ngcontent-sc71="" class="navbar navbar-site alternate-nav"><div _ngcontent-sc71="" class="container main-header"><div _ngcontent-sc71="" class="navbar-header"></div><ul _ngcontent-sc71="" role="none" class="nav navbar-nav pull-right"><li _ngcontent-sc71=""></li><li _ngcontent-sc71=""></li><li _ngcontent-sc71=""></li></ul></div></div></header><div _ngcontent-sc71=""></div></core-lib-header></shared-lib-header-wrapper><main id="main-content" class="body-container content"><router-outlet></router-outlet><sdgo-home-app-home _nghost-sc172=""><core-lib-image-carousal _ngcontent-sc172="" _nghost-sc81=""><div _ngcontent-sc81="" class="carousel-holder sdgo-banner-img" style="width:100%;"><button _ngcontent-sc81="" id="owl-icon-prev" data-gtm="gtm-owl-nav" aria-label="previous slide" class="owl-nav-button"><i _ngcontent-sc81="" data-gtm="gtm-owl-nav" class="icon-left bg-black"></i></button><div _ngcontent-sc81="" class="carousel-content"></div><button _ngcontent-sc81="" id="owl-icon-next" data-gtm="gtm-owl-nav" aria-label="next slide" class="owl-nav-button"><i _ngcontent-sc81="" data-gtm="gtm-owl-nav" class="icon-right bg-black"></i></button></div></core-lib-image-carousal><sdgo-home-goal-section _ngcontent-sc172="" _nghost-sc168=""><div _ngcontent-sc168="" class="goal-section-wrapper row no-gutters"><div _ngcontent-sc168="" class="tall goal-message-container col col-md-2 hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div _ngcontent-sc168="" class="sdgo-goals-message" style="background:#e5243b;"> The United Nations uses the colour wheel to represent the 17 interconnected Goals. </div></div><div _ngcontent-sc168="" class="col col-md-10 col-sm-12"><div _ngcontent-sc168="" class="row"><div _ngcontent-sc168="" class="col col-md-6 col-sm-12"><div _ngcontent-sc168="" class="wheel-container"><svg _ngcontent-sc168="" width="360" height="350" viewBox="0 0 360 350" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-label="For screen reader users, note, you have entered a wheel. You can navigate through the wheel by using your left and right arrow keys, or by cycling through the headings in the usual way. Please do not use the tab key, as it will jump your focus out of the wheel" class="goal-wheel"><g _ngcontent-sc168="" role="tablist"><path _ngcontent-sc168="" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="10" role="tab" data-gtm="gtm-goal-selection" cursor="pointer" pointerEvents="all" class="path path-0" aria-label="goal 1 No Poverty" fill="#E5243B" d="M98.3201 13.6048C111.194 11.3441 124.375 11.4729 137.202 13.9849L129.017 55.6039C121.32 54.0967 113.412 54.0194 105.687 55.3758L98.3201 13.6048Z" aria-selected="true"></path><path _ngcontent-sc168="" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="10" role="tab" data-gtm="gtm-goal-selection" cursor="pointer" pointerEvents="all" class="path path-1" aria-label="goal 2 Zero Hunger" fill="#DDA73A" d=" M138.307 14.0054C151.166 16.537 163.445 21.4209 174.524 28.4104L151.81 64.2591C145.162 60.0655 137.795 57.1352 130.079 55.6161L138.307 14.0054Z" aria-selected="false"></path><path _ngcontent-sc168="" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="10" role="tab" data-gtm="gtm-goal-selection" cursor="pointer" pointerEvents="all" class="path path-2" aria-label="goal 3 Good Health and Well-Being" fill="#4C9F38" d=" M173.614 28.4671C184.656 35.4485 194.312 44.4029 202.097 54.8805L167.953 80.1412C163.282 73.8547 157.489 68.482 150.864 64.2932L173.614 28.4671Z" aria-selected="false"></path><path _ngcontent-sc168="" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="10" role="tab" data-gtm="gtm-goal-selection" cursor="pointer" pointerEvents="all" class="path path-3" aria-label="goal 4 Quality Education" fill="#C5192D" d=" M202.16 54.9657C209.956 65.4798 215.736 77.3424 219.207 89.9546L178.219 101.186C176.137 93.6184 172.669 86.5008 167.991 80.1924L202.16 54.9657Z" aria-selected="false"></path><path _ngcontent-sc168="" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="10" role="tab" data-gtm="gtm-goal-selection" cursor="pointer" pointerEvents="all" class="path path-4" aria-label="goal 5 Gender Equality" fill="#FF3A21" d=" M219.235 90.0569C222.693 102.673 223.782 115.818 222.448 128.829L180.164 124.51C180.965 116.704 180.311 108.816 178.236 101.247L219.235 90.0569Z" aria-selected="false"></path><path _ngcontent-sc168="" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="10" role="tab" data-gtm="gtm-goal-selection" cursor="pointer" pointerEvents="all" class="path path-5" aria-label="goal 6 Clean Water and Sanitation" fill="#26BDE2" d=" M222.437 128.934C221.093 141.909 217.361 154.524 211.43 166.147L173.553 146.901C177.112 139.927 179.351 132.358 180.157 124.574L222.437 128.934Z" aria-selected="false"></path><path _ngcontent-sc168="" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="10" role="tab" data-gtm="gtm-goal-selection" cursor="pointer" pointerEvents="all" class="path path-6" aria-label="goal 7 Affordable and Clean Energy" fill="#FCC30B" d=" M211.381 166.242C205.422 177.891 197.354 188.339 187.585 197.059L159.246 165.449C165.107 160.216 169.948 153.947 173.524 146.958L211.381 166.242Z" aria-selected="false"></path><path _ngcontent-sc168="" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="10" role="tab" data-gtm="gtm-goal-selection" cursor="pointer" pointerEvents="all" class="path path-7" aria-label="goal 8 Decent Work and Economic Growth" fill="#A21942" d=" M187.505 197.13C177.754 205.817 166.481 212.633 154.25 217.238L139.245 177.556C146.583 174.793 153.348 170.703 159.198 165.491L187.505 197.13Z" aria-selected="false"></path><path _ngcontent-sc168="" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="10" role="tab" data-gtm="gtm-goal-selection" cursor="pointer" pointerEvents="all" class="path path-8" aria-label="goal 9 Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure" fill="#FD6925" d=" M154.151 217.275C141.883 221.88 128.867 224.18 115.76 224.06L116.151 181.649C124.015 181.721 131.825 180.341 139.186 177.578L154.151 217.275Z" aria-selected="false"></path><path _ngcontent-sc168="" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="10" role="tab" data-gtm="gtm-goal-selection" cursor="pointer" pointerEvents="all" class="path path-9" aria-label="goal 10 Reduced Inequalities" fill="#DD1367" d=" M115.654 224.059C102.547 223.926 89.5779 221.374 77.4016 216.532L93.1361 177.132C100.442 180.037 108.223 181.568 116.087 181.648L115.654 224.059Z" aria-selected="false"></path><path _ngcontent-sc168="" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="10" role="tab" data-gtm="gtm-goal-selection" cursor="pointer" pointerEvents="all" class="path path-10" aria-label="goal 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities" fill="#FD9D24" d=" M77.303 216.493C65.1648 211.652 54.0257 204.618 44.4453 195.745L73.3624 164.66C79.1106 169.984 85.794 174.204 93.077 177.109L77.303 216.493Z" aria-selected="false"></path><path _ngcontent-sc168="" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="10" role="tab" data-gtm="gtm-goal-selection" cursor="pointer" pointerEvents="all" class="path path-11" aria-label="goal 12 Responsible Consumption and Production" fill="#BF8B2E" d=" M44.3674 195.673C34.7697 186.765 26.9064 176.162 21.1746 164.4L59.3999 145.853C62.839 152.91 67.557 159.272 73.3156 164.616L44.3674 195.673Z" aria-selected="false"></path><path _ngcontent-sc168="" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="10" role="tab" data-gtm="gtm-goal-selection" cursor="pointer" pointerEvents="all" class="path path-12" aria-label="goal 13 Climate Action" fill="#3F7E44" d=" M21.1282 164.305C15.4237 152.569 11.9382 139.883 10.8468 126.886L53.2032 123.344C53.8581 131.143 55.9494 138.754 59.3721 145.796L21.1282 164.305Z" aria-selected="false"></path><path _ngcontent-sc168="" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="10" role="tab" data-gtm="gtm-goal-selection" cursor="pointer" pointerEvents="all" class="path path-13" aria-label="goal 14 Life Below Water" fill="#0A97D9" d=" M10.8379 126.78C9.75659 113.745 11.1013 100.624 14.8043 88.0774L55.5777 100.059C53.3559 107.587 52.5491 115.46 53.1979 123.281L10.8379 126.78Z" aria-selected="false"></path><path _ngcontent-sc168="" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="10" role="tab" data-gtm="gtm-goal-selection" cursor="pointer" pointerEvents="all" class="path path-14" aria-label="goal 15 Life On Land" fill="#56C02B" d=" M14.8344 87.9756C18.5499 75.433 24.5589 63.6846 32.558 53.3235L66.23 79.207C61.4305 85.4237 57.8251 92.4727 55.5957 99.9983L14.8344 87.9756Z" aria-selected="false"></path><path _ngcontent-sc168="" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="10" role="tab" data-gtm="gtm-goal-selection" cursor="pointer" pointerEvents="all" class="path path-15" aria-label="goal 16 Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions" fill="#00689D" d=" M32.6229 53.2395C40.6106 42.9146 50.4389 34.1489 61.6143 27.3826L83.6637 63.6425C76.9585 67.7023 71.0615 72.9617 66.2689 79.1566L32.6229 53.2395Z" aria-selected="false"></path><path _ngcontent-sc168="" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-width="10" role="tab" data-gtm="gtm-goal-selection" cursor="pointer" pointerEvents="all" class="path path-16" aria-label="goal 17 Partnerships for the Goals" fill="#19486A" d=" M61.7052 27.3276C72.9179 20.554 85.2897 15.9089 98.1961 13.6267L105.613 55.3889C97.869 56.7582 90.4459 59.5453 83.7183 63.6095L61.7052 27.3276Z" aria-selected="false"></path><path _ngcontent-sc168="" stroke-linecap="square" stroke-width="2.5" aria-hidden="true" stroke="#E5243B" d="M103.5 11.7485C112.462 9.54142 123.071 9.29616 132 11.7485"></path></g><defs _ngcontent-sc168=""><clipPath _ngcontent-sc168="" id="clip0_1541_5696"><rect _ngcontent-sc168="" width="215" height="215" fill="white"></rect></clipPath></defs></svg></div></div><div _ngcontent-sc168="" class="col col-md-6 col-sm-12"><div _ngcontent-sc168="" class="selected-goal-details"><a _ngcontent-sc168="" data-gtm="gtm-sdgo-goal-title" class="goal-title" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/collections/poverty/e9b9048c-990b-4305-809f-aba9bf786248?context=sdgo&productType=all"><h2 _ngcontent-sc168=""><span _ngcontent-sc168="" class="goal-number" style="color:#e5243b;">Goal 1: </span><span _ngcontent-sc168="" class="goal-header" style="color:#e5243b;"> No Poverty</span></h2><span _ngcontent-sc168="" class="goal-direction"><em _ngcontent-sc168="" class="icon-right arrows"></em></span></a><div _ngcontent-sc168="" ellipsis="" class="goal-description"></div><div _ngcontent-sc168="" class="product-count"><div _ngcontent-sc168="" class="product-type-count"><a _ngcontent-sc168="" data-gtm="gtm-goal-count" class="count-section" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/collections/poverty/e9b9048c-990b-4305-809f-aba9bf786248?context=sdgo&productType=chapters"><div _ngcontent-sc168="" class="hor-line" style="background-color:#e5243b;"></div><div _ngcontent-sc168="" class="type">Chapters</div></a><a _ngcontent-sc168="" data-gtm="gtm-goal-count" class="count-section align-left" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/collections/poverty/e9b9048c-990b-4305-809f-aba9bf786248?context=sdgo&productType=scholarly_articles"><div _ngcontent-sc168="" class="hor-line" style="background-color:#e5243b;"></div><div _ngcontent-sc168="" class="type">Articles</div></a><a _ngcontent-sc168="" data-gtm="gtm-goal-count" class="count-section align-left" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/collections/poverty/e9b9048c-990b-4305-809f-aba9bf786248?context=sdgo&productType=cw"><div _ngcontent-sc168="" class="hor-line" style="background-color:#e5243b;"></div><div _ngcontent-sc168="" class="type"> Teaching & Learning <br _ngcontent-sc168=""> Resources </div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div _ngcontent-sc168="" class="row"><div _ngcontent-sc168="" class="goal-footer-message col col-md-12 col-sm-12"><p _ngcontent-sc168="" class="footer-note-1 hidden-lg hidden-md" style="background:#e5243b;"> The United Nations uses the colour wheel to represent the 17 interconnected Goals. </p><p _ngcontent-sc168="" class="footer-note-2"> Click on the colour wheel to explore more Goals. Click on the Goal heading to explore our related content. </p></div></div></div></div></sdgo-home-goal-section><div _ngcontent-sc172="" class="feed-wrapper"><div _ngcontent-sc172="" class="events-thoughts-wrapper"><div _ngcontent-sc172="" class="thoughts-wrapper"><sdgo-home-thoughts-section _ngcontent-sc172="" _nghost-sc170=""><div _ngcontent-sc170="" class="events-container"><img _ngcontent-sc170="" alt="Thought Leader" class="leader-image" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/11204613/GettyImages-589120498-1.jpg"><div _ngcontent-sc170="" class="thoughts-body"><div _ngcontent-sc170="" class="date-section"></div><div _ngcontent-sc170="" class="thoughts-content"><div _ngcontent-sc170="" class="thoughts-header">Thought Leader</div><div _ngcontent-sc170="" class="thoughts-desc"><p>Read the latest Thought Leader Pieces here</p> </div><a _ngcontent-sc170="" data-gtm="gtm-read-thought-leader" href="/sdgo/about/leading-thoughts?context=sdgo" class="btn book-button"> READ </a></div></div></div><shared-lib-loading-indicator _ngcontent-sc170="" _nghost-sc153=""></shared-lib-loading-indicator></sdgo-home-thoughts-section></div><div _ngcontent-sc172="" class="events-wrapper"><sdgo-home-events _ngcontent-sc172="" _nghost-sc169=""><div _ngcontent-sc169="" class="events-container"><h2 _ngcontent-sc169="" class="header">Events</h2><div _ngcontent-sc169="" class="event-body"><div _ngcontent-sc169="" class="event-content"><div _ngcontent-sc169="" class="event-header">Expand your SDG Knowledge: Check SDG</div><div _ngcontent-sc169="" class="event-desc">Related Events run by Informa</div><a _ngcontent-sc169="" href="/sdgo/events?context=sdgo" data-gtm="gtm-view-events" class="btn book-button"> EXPLORE </a></div></div></div></sdgo-home-events></div></div><div _ngcontent-sc172="" class="news-wrapper"><sdgo-home-news-section _ngcontent-sc172="" _nghost-sc171=""><div _ngcontent-sc171="" class="news-container"><h2 _ngcontent-sc171="" class="header">News</h2></div></sdgo-home-news-section></div></div><shared-lib-tnf-brands _ngcontent-sc172="" _nghost-sc96=""><div _ngcontent-sc96="" role="region" aria-label="Imprint" class="imprint-container"><div _ngcontent-sc96="" class="container"><h2 _ngcontent-sc96="" class="heading-container">OTHER BRANDS</h2><div _ngcontent-sc96="" class="desktop-image-container"><div _ngcontent-sc96="" class="row brands-flex-container"><div _ngcontent-sc96="" class="routledge-image col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-6"><a _ngcontent-sc96="" data-gtm="gtm-other-brands" class="imprint-images" href="https://www.routledge.com/" target="_blank"><img _ngcontent-sc96="" loading="lazy" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/14130442/Routledge_White.png" alt="Routledge"></a></div><div _ngcontent-sc96="" class="routledge-image col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-6"><a _ngcontent-sc96="" data-gtm="gtm-other-brands" class="imprint-images" href="https://www.crcpress.com/" target="_blank"><img _ngcontent-sc96="" loading="lazy" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/14130802/CRC_Press_White.png" alt="CRC Press"></a></div><div _ngcontent-sc96="" class="routledge-image col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-6"><a _ngcontent-sc96="" data-gtm="gtm-other-brands" class="imprint-images" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/" target="_blank"><img _ngcontent-sc96="" loading="lazy" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/14130742/TFO_White.png" alt="TFO"></a></div></div></div></div></div></shared-lib-tnf-brands></sdgo-home-app-home></main><shared-lib-footer-wrapper><core-lib-footer _nghost-sc70=""><div _ngcontent-sc70="" role="region" aria-label="footer" class="tnf-footer"><div _ngcontent-sc70="" class="container"><div _ngcontent-sc70="" class="logo-container"><core-lib-header-logo logo="assets/images/tfgroup-logo-white.svg" target="_self" label="Taylor & Francis Group Logo" textcolorname="#fff" _nghost-sc72=""><a _ngcontent-sc72="" class="lib-logo-container navbar-brand" id="gtm-footer-logo" target="_self" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com"><span _ngcontent-sc72="" hidden="true" style="color:#fff;">Taylor & Francis Group Logo</span><img _ngcontent-sc72="" alt="Taylor & Francis Group Logo" src="assets/images/tfgroup-logo-white.svg"></a></core-lib-header-logo></div><div _ngcontent-sc70="" class="sub-info-container"><ul _ngcontent-sc70="" class="sub-info-options"><li _ngcontent-sc70="" class="sub-info-list"><core-lib-footer-link-wrapper _ngcontent-sc70="" _nghost-sc68=""><div _ngcontent-sc68="" class="info-option help-option"><span _ngcontent-sc68="" class="sub-info hide-small">Policies</span><button _ngcontent-sc68="" aria-controls="title" class="accordian-panel hidden-md hidden-lg" id="Policies_list" aria-expanded="false"><span _ngcontent-sc68="" class="sub-info hide-large">Policies</span><span _ngcontent-sc68="" class="icon-toggle hide-large"><i _ngcontent-sc68="" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-down"></i></span></button><ul _ngcontent-sc68="" class="sub-info-options hideInfoOption" id="Policies"><li _ngcontent-sc68=""><core-lib-footer-link _ngcontent-sc68=""><a rel="link" target="_blank" href="https://informa.com/privacy-policy/" data-gtm="gtm-privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></core-lib-footer-link></li><li _ngcontent-sc68=""><core-lib-footer-link _ngcontent-sc68=""><a rel="link" target="_blank" href="/terms-and-conditions/" data-gtm="gtm-terms-conditions">Terms & Conditions</a></core-lib-footer-link></li><li _ngcontent-sc68=""><core-lib-footer-link _ngcontent-sc68=""><a rel="link" target="_blank" href="/cookie-policy/" data-gtm="gtm-cookie-policy">Cookie Policy</a></core-lib-footer-link></li></ul></div></core-lib-footer-link-wrapper></li><li _ngcontent-sc70="" class="sub-info-list"><core-lib-footer-link-wrapper _ngcontent-sc70="" _nghost-sc68=""><div _ngcontent-sc68="" class="info-option help-option"><span _ngcontent-sc68="" class="sub-info hide-small">Journals</span><button _ngcontent-sc68="" aria-controls="title" class="accordian-panel hidden-md hidden-lg" id="Journals_list" aria-expanded="false"><span _ngcontent-sc68="" class="sub-info hide-large">Journals</span><span _ngcontent-sc68="" class="icon-toggle hide-large"><i _ngcontent-sc68="" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-down"></i></span></button><ul _ngcontent-sc68="" class="sub-info-options hideInfoOption" id="Journals"><li _ngcontent-sc68=""><core-lib-footer-link _ngcontent-sc68=""><a rel="link" target="_blank" href="https://www.tandfonline.com">Taylor & Francis Online</a></core-lib-footer-link></li></ul></div></core-lib-footer-link-wrapper></li><li _ngcontent-sc70="" class="sub-info-list"><core-lib-footer-link-wrapper _ngcontent-sc70="" _nghost-sc68=""><div _ngcontent-sc68="" class="info-option help-option"><span _ngcontent-sc68="" class="sub-info hide-small">Corporate</span><button _ngcontent-sc68="" aria-controls="title" class="accordian-panel hidden-md hidden-lg" id="Corporate_list" aria-expanded="false"><span _ngcontent-sc68="" class="sub-info hide-large">Corporate</span><span _ngcontent-sc68="" class="icon-toggle hide-large"><i _ngcontent-sc68="" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-down"></i></span></button><ul _ngcontent-sc68="" class="sub-info-options hideInfoOption" id="Corporate"><li _ngcontent-sc68=""><core-lib-footer-link _ngcontent-sc68=""><a rel="link" target="_blank" href="https://taylorandfrancis.com/">Taylor & Francis Group</a></core-lib-footer-link></li></ul></div></core-lib-footer-link-wrapper></li><li _ngcontent-sc70="" class="sub-info-list"><core-lib-footer-link-wrapper _ngcontent-sc70="" _nghost-sc68=""><div _ngcontent-sc68="" class="info-option help-option"><span _ngcontent-sc68="" class="sub-info hide-small">Help & Contact</span><button _ngcontent-sc68="" aria-controls="title" class="accordian-panel hidden-md hidden-lg" id="Help & Contact_list" aria-expanded="false"><span _ngcontent-sc68="" class="sub-info hide-large">Help & Contact</span><span _ngcontent-sc68="" class="icon-toggle hide-large"><i _ngcontent-sc68="" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-down"></i></span></button><ul _ngcontent-sc68="" class="sub-info-options hideInfoOption" id="Help & Contact"><li _ngcontent-sc68=""><core-lib-footer-link _ngcontent-sc68=""><a rel="link" target="_blank" href="https://help.taylorfrancis.com/students_researchers" data-gtm="gtm-help-link">Students/Researchers</a></core-lib-footer-link></li><li _ngcontent-sc68=""><core-lib-footer-link _ngcontent-sc68=""><a rel="link" target="_blank" href="https://help.taylorfrancis.com/librarians_institutions" data-gtm="gtm-help-link">Librarians/Institutions</a></core-lib-footer-link></li></ul></div></core-lib-footer-link-wrapper></li><li _ngcontent-sc70="" class="sub-info-list"><core-lib-footer-icon-wrapper label="Connect with us"><div class="social-list-container"><p class="connectMessage">Connect with us</p><ul class="social-list"><li><core-lib-footer-socialmedia-icon><a rel="link" target="_blank" aria-label="label linkedin" id="gtm-footer-linkedin-icon" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/taylor-&-francis-group/"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon-linkedin"></i></a></core-lib-footer-socialmedia-icon></li><li><core-lib-footer-socialmedia-icon><a rel="link" target="_blank" aria-label="label x" id="gtm-footer-x-icon" href="https://twitter.com/tandfnewsroom?lang=en"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon-x"></i></a></core-lib-footer-socialmedia-icon></li><li><core-lib-footer-socialmedia-icon><a rel="link" target="_blank" aria-label="label facebook" id="gtm-footer-facebook-icon" href="https://www.facebook.com/TaylorandFrancisGroup/"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon-facebook"></i></a></core-lib-footer-socialmedia-icon></li><li><core-lib-footer-socialmedia-icon><a rel="link" target="_blank" aria-label="label youtube" id="gtm-footer-youtube-icon" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/TaylorandFrancis"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon-youtube"></i></a></core-lib-footer-socialmedia-icon></li></ul></div></core-lib-footer-icon-wrapper></li></ul></div><core-lib-footer-bottom copyrightedby="Informa UK Limited"><div class="footer-bottom"><p><span>Registered in England & Wales No. 3099067 <br> 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG</span><span class="copyRight">© 2024 Informa UK Limited</span></p></div></core-lib-footer-bottom></div><core-lib-scroll-top _ngcontent-sc70="" _nghost-sc69=""><button _ngcontent-sc69="" id="scroll-to-top" style="background: url('assets/icon/scroll-top.svg') center 0px no-repeat;"><span _ngcontent-sc69="" id="back-text"> Back to Top </span></button></core-lib-scroll-top></div></core-lib-footer></shared-lib-footer-wrapper></div></sdgo-home-root>  <script type="text/javascript"> var addthis_config = { services_expanded: 'email,twitter,facebook,linkedin,wechat', ui_disable: true, }; var addthis_share = { url: window.location.href, }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js#pubid=ra-5fa15c306463b669" defer=""></script> <script src="runtime.6e966365d15ffaa0ee3d.js" defer=""></script><script src="polyfills.44ea41013d34a64210c7.js" defer=""></script><script src="main.9e248c7380a6d5748419.js" defer=""></script> <script id="sdgo-home-page-state" type="application/json">{&q;goalDetails&q;:[{&q;@id&q;:&q;e9b9048c-990b-4305-809f-aba9bf786248&q;,&q;cmsID&q;:60,&q;serialNumber&q;:1,&q;name&q;:&q;No Poverty&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;&l;div class=\&q;goal-description\&q;&g;&l;/div&g;\n&l;p&g;Stop poverty in all its forms. Eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere. Reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty. Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all. Ensure everyone has equal rights to economic resources and access to basic services.&l;/p&g;\n&q;,&q;backgroundColor&q;:&q;#e5243b&q;,&q;banner&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/27150244/Goal-1-No-Poverty.jpg&q;,&q;goalImage&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184035/Goal-01.png&q;,&q;icons&q;:[{&q;plain&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/04183247/Goal-1_white.png&q;},{&q;colored&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/29164633/Goal-1_coloured.png&q;}],&q;route&q;:&q;NoPoverty&q;,&q;position&q;:1,&q;uuid&q;:&q;e9b9048c-990b-4305-809f-aba9bf786248&q;},{&q;@id&q;:&q;73e5c496-ca42-4f5e-9629-8ab3b5fc6b28&q;,&q;cmsID&q;:63,&q;serialNumber&q;:2,&q;name&q;:&q;Zero Hunger&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;&l;div class=\&q;goal-description\&q;&g;\n&l;div class=\&q;ngx-ellipsis-inner\&q;&g;End world hunger. Ensure access by all people to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round. End all forms of malnutrition. Ensure sustainable food production systems. Implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, and that help maintain ecosystems.&l;/div&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&q;,&q;backgroundColor&q;:&q;#dda73a&q;,&q;banner&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/23095832/Goal-2.jpg&q;,&q;goalImage&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184039/Goal-02.png&q;,&q;icons&q;:[{&q;plain&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/04183416/Goal-2_white.png&q;},{&q;colored&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/29171153/Goal-2_coloured.png&q;}],&q;route&q;:&q;ZeroHunger&q;,&q;position&q;:2,&q;uuid&q;:&q;73e5c496-ca42-4f5e-9629-8ab3b5fc6b28&q;},{&q;@id&q;:&q;aabe2fa7-37de-489a-b905-6bc2b94b9e75&q;,&q;cmsID&q;:66,&q;serialNumber&q;:3,&q;name&q;:&q;Good Health and Well-Being&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;&l;p&g;Ensure good health and wellbeing for all. Reduce the global mortality ratio. End preventable deaths of new-borns and children under 5 years of age. End the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases. Promote mental health and wellbeing. Achieve universal health coverage.&l;/p&g;\n&q;,&q;backgroundColor&q;:&q;#4c9f38&q;,&q;banner&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/23100043/Goal-3.jpg&q;,&q;goalImage&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184042/Goal-03.png&q;,&q;icons&q;:[{&q;plain&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/04185109/Goal-3_white.png&q;},{&q;colored&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/29171225/Goal-3_coloured.png&q;}],&q;route&q;:&q;GoodHealthAndWellBeing&q;,&q;position&q;:3,&q;uuid&q;:&q;aabe2fa7-37de-489a-b905-6bc2b94b9e75&q;},{&q;@id&q;:&q;8825e34a-14dc-4c55-b880-eb11c820ec17&q;,&q;cmsID&q;:76,&q;serialNumber&q;:4,&q;name&q;:&q;Quality Education&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;&l;div class=\&q;goal-description\&q;&g;\n&l;div class=\&q;ngx-ellipsis-inner\&q;&g;Ensure inclusive and quality education for all. Promote lifelong learning. Eliminate gender disparities in education. Ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development and care. Ensure equal access to all levels of education for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations.&l;/div&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&q;,&q;backgroundColor&q;:&q;#c5192d&q;,&q;banner&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/23100320/Goal-4.jpg&q;,&q;goalImage&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184044/Goal-04.png&q;,&q;icons&q;:[{&q;plain&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/04185224/Goal-4_white.png&q;},{&q;colored&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/29171308/Goal-4_coloured.png&q;}],&q;route&q;:&q;QualityEducation&q;,&q;position&q;:4,&q;uuid&q;:&q;8825e34a-14dc-4c55-b880-eb11c820ec17&q;},{&q;@id&q;:&q;71385560-5ad4-430b-aa76-36b39cf87558&q;,&q;cmsID&q;:108,&q;serialNumber&q;:5,&q;name&q;:&q;Gender Equality&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;&l;p&g;Tackle all forms of gender equality issues. End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere. Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership.&l;/p&g;\n&q;,&q;backgroundColor&q;:&q;#ff3a21&q;,&q;banner&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/23131307/Goal-5.jpg&q;,&q;goalImage&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184047/Goal-05.png&q;,&q;icons&q;:[{&q;plain&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/04184056/Goal-5_white.png&q;},{&q;colored&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/23181352/Goal-5-Color.png&q;}],&q;route&q;:&q;GenderEquality&q;,&q;position&q;:5,&q;uuid&q;:&q;71385560-5ad4-430b-aa76-36b39cf87558&q;},{&q;@id&q;:&q;2bddfd4e-a885-42fa-88bd-28aa40a4c774&q;,&q;cmsID&q;:320,&q;serialNumber&q;:6,&q;name&q;:&q;Clean Water and Sanitation&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;&l;div class=\&q;goal-description\&q;&g;\n&l;div class=\&q;ngx-ellipsis-inner\&q;&g;Implement clean water solutions globally. Achieve universal access to safe and affordable drinking water for all. Achieve access to adequate sanitation and hygiene for all. Improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials.&l;/div&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&q;,&q;backgroundColor&q;:&q;#26bde2&q;,&q;banner&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/05155441/Goal-6_banner-1-e1622623757854.jpg&q;,&q;goalImage&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184050/Goal-06.png&q;,&q;icons&q;:[{&q;plain&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/04184210/Goal-6_white.png&q;},{&q;colored&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/29201137/Goal-6_coloured.png&q;}],&q;route&q;:&q;CleanWaterAndSanitation&q;,&q;position&q;:6,&q;uuid&q;:&q;2bddfd4e-a885-42fa-88bd-28aa40a4c774&q;},{&q;@id&q;:&q;d3c6303c-f986-4f1b-b260-e44195805003&q;,&q;cmsID&q;:127,&q;serialNumber&q;:7,&q;name&q;:&q;Affordable and Clean Energy&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;&l;div class=\&q;goal-description\&q;&g;\n&l;div class=\&q;ngx-ellipsis-inner\&q;&g;Ensure universal access to affordable and clean energy for all. Increase the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix. Enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology. Expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries.&l;/div&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&q;,&q;backgroundColor&q;:&q;#fcc30b&q;,&q;banner&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/23131441/Goal-7-e1627887178588.jpg&q;,&q;goalImage&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184053/Goal-07.png&q;,&q;icons&q;:[{&q;plain&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/04183914/Goal-7_white.png&q;},{&q;colored&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/29201210/Goal-7-Color.png&q;}],&q;route&q;:&q;AffordableAndCleanEnergy&q;,&q;position&q;:7,&q;uuid&q;:&q;d3c6303c-f986-4f1b-b260-e44195805003&q;},{&q;@id&q;:&q;49239657-acc7-4706-ae1d-ee4a02f18ee0&q;,&q;cmsID&q;:230,&q;serialNumber&q;:8,&q;name&q;:&q;Decent Work and Economic Growth&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;&l;p&g;Ensure inclusive and sustainable economic development worldwide. Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation. Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including for young people and persons with disabilities. Achieve equal pay for work of equal value.&l;/p&g;\n&q;,&q;backgroundColor&q;:&q;#a21942&q;,&q;banner&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/05161903/Goal-8_banner-2.jpg&q;,&q;goalImage&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184056/Goal-08.png&q;,&q;icons&q;:[{&q;plain&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/04184653/Goal-8_white.png&q;},{&q;colored&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/29201326/Goal-8_coloured.png&q;}],&q;route&q;:&q;DecentWorkAndEconomicGrowth&q;,&q;position&q;:8,&q;uuid&q;:&q;49239657-acc7-4706-ae1d-ee4a02f18ee0&q;},{&q;@id&q;:&q;92e531c8-2397-4f85-ab9e-a513306620b6&q;,&q;cmsID&q;:420,&q;serialNumber&q;:9,&q;name&q;:&q;Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;&l;div class=\&q;goal-description\&q;&g;\n&l;div class=\&q;ngx-ellipsis-inner\&q;&g;\n&l;p&g;Ensure sustainable industry innovation and infrastructure. Develop reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure that supports economic development and human well-being. Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation. Upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable. Support greater adoption of clean technologies.&l;/p&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&l;div class=\&q;erd_scroll_detection_container erd_scroll_detection_container_animation_active\&q;&g;\n&l;div class=\&q;erd_scroll_detection_container\&q; dir=\&q;ltr\&q;&g;\n&l;div class=\&q;erd_scroll_detection_container\&q;&g;\n&l;div&g;\n&l;div&g;&l;/div&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&q;,&q;backgroundColor&q;:&q;#fd6925&q;,&q;banner&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/23131725/Goal-9.jpg&q;,&q;goalImage&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184058/Goal-09.png&q;,&q;icons&q;:[{&q;plain&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/04181715/Goal-9_White.png&q;},{&q;colored&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/29194919/Goal-9_coloured.png&q;}],&q;route&q;:&q;IndustryInnovationAndInfrastructure&q;,&q;position&q;:9,&q;uuid&q;:&q;92e531c8-2397-4f85-ab9e-a513306620b6&q;},{&q;@id&q;:&q;bb4de8de-2581-4766-ac18-205cc5084d9b&q;,&q;cmsID&q;:424,&q;serialNumber&q;:10,&q;name&q;:&q;Reduced Inequalities&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;&l;div class=\&q;goal-description\&q;&g;\n&l;div class=\&q;ngx-ellipsis-inner\&q;&g;Reduce inequality within and among countries. Empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status. Ensure equal opportunity. Reduce inequalities of outcome, by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices.&l;/div&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&q;,&q;backgroundColor&q;:&q;#dd1367&q;,&q;banner&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/23131539/Goal-10.jpg&q;,&q;goalImage&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184101/Goal-10.png&q;,&q;icons&q;:[{&q;plain&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/04152417/shape%403x-7.png&q;},{&q;colored&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/29194643/Goal-10_coloured.png&q;}],&q;route&q;:&q;ReducedInequalities&q;,&q;position&q;:10,&q;uuid&q;:&q;bb4de8de-2581-4766-ac18-205cc5084d9b&q;},{&q;@id&q;:&q;5bbb7d39-5823-423f-a6e9-756c88ffc65e&q;,&q;cmsID&q;:428,&q;serialNumber&q;:11,&q;name&q;:&q;Sustainable Cities and Communities&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;&l;p&g;Develop sustainable cities and society worldwide. Ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing. Enhance capacity for integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management. Reduce the adverse environmental impact of cities by paying special attention to air quality and waste management.&l;/p&g;\n&q;,&q;backgroundColor&q;:&q;#fd9d24&q;,&q;banner&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/23131944/Goal-11.jpg&q;,&q;goalImage&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184104/Goal-11.png&q;,&q;icons&q;:[{&q;plain&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/04181909/Goal-11_White.png&q;},{&q;colored&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/29195153/Goal-11_coloured.png&q;}],&q;route&q;:&q;SustainableCitiesAndCommunities&q;,&q;position&q;:11,&q;uuid&q;:&q;5bbb7d39-5823-423f-a6e9-756c88ffc65e&q;},{&q;@id&q;:&q;08465874-75c4-4c2a-80f4-7fbb1f96c79d&q;,&q;cmsID&q;:432,&q;serialNumber&q;:12,&q;name&q;:&q;Responsible Consumption and Production&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;&l;div class=\&q;goal-description\&q;&g;\n&l;div class=\&q;ngx-ellipsis-inner\&q;&g;\n&l;p&g;Ensure sustainable consumption and responsible production patterns. Reduce global food waste at the retail and consumer levels. Achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals throughout their life cycle. Substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse.&l;/p&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&l;div class=\&q;erd_scroll_detection_container erd_scroll_detection_container_animation_active\&q;&g;\n&l;div class=\&q;erd_scroll_detection_container\&q; dir=\&q;ltr\&q;&g;\n&l;div class=\&q;erd_scroll_detection_container\&q;&g;\n&l;div&g;\n&l;div&g;&l;/div&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&q;,&q;backgroundColor&q;:&q;#bf8b2e&q;,&q;banner&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/23133037/Goal-12.jpg&q;,&q;goalImage&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184107/Goal-12.png&q;,&q;icons&q;:[{&q;plain&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/04182051/Goal-12_White.png&q;},{&q;colored&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/29195222/Goal-12-Color.png&q;}],&q;route&q;:&q;ResponsibleConsumptionAndProduction&q;,&q;position&q;:12,&q;uuid&q;:&q;08465874-75c4-4c2a-80f4-7fbb1f96c79d&q;},{&q;@id&q;:&q;df5f8f75-5fb6-4241-990e-0d785a2417f0&q;,&q;cmsID&q;:436,&q;serialNumber&q;:13,&q;name&q;:&q;Climate Action&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;&l;div class=\&q;goal-description\&q;&g;\n&l;div class=\&q;ngx-ellipsis-inner\&q;&g;\n&l;p&g;Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters. Integrate climate change solutions and measures into national policies, strategies and planning. Improve education on climate change mitigation, impact reduction and early warning.&l;/p&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&q;,&q;backgroundColor&q;:&q;#3f7e44&q;,&q;banner&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/23133157/Goal-13-e1635756317244.jpg&q;,&q;goalImage&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184111/Goal-13.png&q;,&q;icons&q;:[{&q;plain&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/04182554/Goal-13_White.png&q;},{&q;colored&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/29195434/Goal-13-Color.png&q;}],&q;route&q;:&q;ClimateAction&q;,&q;position&q;:13,&q;uuid&q;:&q;df5f8f75-5fb6-4241-990e-0d785a2417f0&q;},{&q;@id&q;:&q;0236bfd0-36f9-480c-9807-7ffebe11e31e&q;,&q;cmsID&q;:440,&q;serialNumber&q;:14,&q;name&q;:&q;Life Below Water&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;&l;p&g;Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources. Prevent and decrease sea pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities. Sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts. End overfishing, illegal, unreported and destructive fishing practices.&l;/p&g;\n&q;,&q;backgroundColor&q;:&q;#0a97d9&q;,&q;banner&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/23133244/Goal-14.jpg&q;,&q;goalImage&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184114/Goal-14.png&q;,&q;icons&q;:[{&q;plain&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/04182721/Goal-14_White.png&q;},{&q;colored&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/29195512/Goal-14-Color.png&q;}],&q;route&q;:&q;LifeUnderWater&q;,&q;position&q;:14,&q;uuid&q;:&q;0236bfd0-36f9-480c-9807-7ffebe11e31e&q;},{&q;@id&q;:&q;04a90a51-f1ac-4169-ae4a-4b5953e54e91&q;,&q;cmsID&q;:444,&q;serialNumber&q;:15,&q;name&q;:&q;Life On Land&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;&l;p&g;Prevent threats to biodiversity. Ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems, including forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands. Promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests. Halt deforestation. Combat desertification and restore degraded land and soil.&l;/p&g;\n&q;,&q;backgroundColor&q;:&q;#56c02b&q;,&q;banner&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/23133439/Goal-15.jpg&q;,&q;goalImage&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184117/Goal-15.png&q;,&q;icons&q;:[{&q;plain&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/05155239/Goal-15_white-1.png&q;},{&q;colored&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/29195547/Goal-15-Color.png&q;}],&q;route&q;:&q;LifeOnLand&q;,&q;position&q;:15,&q;uuid&q;:&q;04a90a51-f1ac-4169-ae4a-4b5953e54e91&q;},{&q;@id&q;:&q;34a88243-c7c8-4fbf-896f-117aaf645792&q;,&q;cmsID&q;:448,&q;serialNumber&q;:16,&q;name&q;:&q;Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;&l;div class=\&q;goal-description\&q;&g;\n&l;div class=\&q;ngx-ellipsis-inner\&q;&g;Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies. Significantly reduce all forms for violence. End abuse, exploitation, and trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children. Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels. Ensure equal access to justice for all.&l;/div&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&q;,&q;backgroundColor&q;:&q;#00689d&q;,&q;banner&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/23133611/Goal-16-e1638290074809.jpg&q;,&q;goalImage&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184120/Goal-16.png&q;,&q;icons&q;:[{&q;plain&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/05155701/Goal-16_white-1.png&q;},{&q;colored&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/29195617/Goal-16_coloured.png&q;}],&q;route&q;:&q;PeaceJusticeAndStrongInstitutions&q;,&q;position&q;:16,&q;uuid&q;:&q;34a88243-c7c8-4fbf-896f-117aaf645792&q;},{&q;@id&q;:&q;e40ff00e-7783-4708-aade-ccf07d928e2c&q;,&q;cmsID&q;:452,&q;serialNumber&q;:17,&q;name&q;:&q;Partnerships for the Goals&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;&l;div class=\&q;goal-description\&q;&g;\n&l;div class=\&q;ngx-ellipsis-inner\&q;&g;Revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development. Support the creation of strong SDG partnerships to achieve the ambitious targets of the 2030 Agenda. Bring together national governments, the international community, civil society, the private sector and other actors.&l;/div&g;\n&l;/div&g;\n&q;,&q;backgroundColor&q;:&q;#19486a&q;,&q;banner&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/23133815/Goal-17-e1630485781872.jpg&q;,&q;goalImage&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/16184123/Goal-17.png&q;,&q;icons&q;:[{&q;plain&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/05155946/Goal-17_white-1.png&q;},{&q;colored&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/09162037/Goal-17-Color.png&q;}],&q;route&q;:&q;PartnershipsForTheGoals&q;,&q;position&q;:17,&q;uuid&q;:&q;e40ff00e-7783-4708-aade-ccf07d928e2c&q;}],&q;homePageDetails&q;:{&q;application&q;:&q;sdgo&q;,&q;route&q;:&q;home-page&q;,&q;source&q;:&q;cms&q;,&q;banners&q;:[{&q;image&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/04182231/Sustainable-Development-Goals-Online-from-Taylor-Francis.jpg&q;,&q;altText&q;:&q;Sustainable Development Goals Online from Taylor &a; Francis&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;Sustainable Development Goals Online from Taylor &a; Francis&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;A curated library to support the United Nations&s; call to action to end poverty, fight inequality &a; injustice and protect the planet&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;https://www.taylorfrancis.com/sdgo/about/collection?context=sdgo&q;,&q;position&q;:1},{&q;image&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/23133037/Goal-12.jpg&q;,&q;altText&q;:&q;&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;Goal of the Month&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;Browse our content related to Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;https://www.taylorfrancis.com/collections/responsible-consumption-production/08465874-75c4-4c2a-80f4-7fbb1f96c79d?context=sdgo&a;productType=all&q;,&q;position&q;:2},{&q;image&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/10194221/GettyImages-170036776-e1620655964625.jpg&q;,&q;altText&q;:&q;&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;Teaching &a; Learning material available for free on SDGO&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;Did you know that SDGO includes a unique collection of Teaching &a; Learning material for instructors and students provided by our expert authors worldwide? All material is free to access and includes core essays, presentations, case studies and videos. Select a goal in the colour wheel below to explore the collection!&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;https://www.taylorfrancis.com/collections/poverty/e9b9048c-990b-4305-809f-aba9bf786248?context=sdgo&a;productType=cw&a;key=&q;,&q;position&q;:3},{&q;image&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/04182452/Take-a-Tour-of-SDGO.jpg&q;,&q;altText&q;:&q;&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;Take a Tour of SDGO&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;Watch our Take a Tour video and find out how best to use SDGO for your teaching, studying and research&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;https://www.taylorfrancis.com/sdgo/about/take-a-tour?context=sdgo&q;,&q;position&q;:4},{&q;image&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/11204613/GettyImages-589120498-1.jpg&q;,&q;altText&q;:&q;&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;Thought Leaders&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;Read our latest piece from the Geocarto International journal and its relationship to the SDGs. &q;,&q;url&q;:&q;https://www.taylorfrancis.com/sdgo/about/leading-thoughts?context=sdgo&q;,&q;position&q;:5},{&q;image&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/28141014/GettyImages-516365784-scaled.jpg&q;,&q;altText&q;:&q;&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;Explore Europa World&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;A leading reference work providing political, economic and statistical information on over 250 countries and territories and more than 2,000 international and regional organizations.&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;https://librarianresources.taylorandfrancis.com/product-info/digital-products/online-resources/europa-world/&q;,&q;position&q;:6}],&q;featuredItems&q;:[{&q;@id&q;:&q;10.4324/9781032684369-17&q;,&q;@type&q;:&q;Book&q;,&q;identifier&q;:{&q;@type&q;:&q;DOI&q;,&q;label&q;:&q;DOI&q;},&q;position&q;:1},{&q;@id&q;:&q;10.1201/9781032651958-7&q;,&q;@type&q;:&q;Book&q;,&q;identifier&q;:{&q;@type&q;:&q;DOI&q;,&q;label&q;:&q;DOI&q;},&q;position&q;:2},{&q;@id&q;:&q;10.1080/27658511.2024.2340842&q;,&q;@type&q;:&q;Book&q;,&q;identifier&q;:{&q;@type&q;:&q;DOI&q;,&q;label&q;:&q;DOI&q;},&q;position&q;:3},{&q;@id&q;:&q;10.4324/2bf1d511-a764-4c61-a9dd-0a1c51e17193&q;,&q;@type&q;:&q;Book&q;,&q;identifier&q;:{&q;@type&q;:&q;DOI&q;,&q;label&q;:&q;DOI&q;},&q;position&q;:4}],&q;newsFeeds&q;:[{&q;url&q;:&q;https://www.who.int/feeds/entity/mediacentre/news/en/rss.xml&q;,&q;position&q;:1},{&q;url&q;:&q;http://www.fao.org/news/en/?no_cache=1&a;feed_id=16872&a;type=334&q;,&q;position&q;:2},{&q;url&q;:&q;http://search.worldbank.org/api/v2/news.atom?admreg_exact=Africa&q;,&q;position&q;:3},{&q;url&q;:&q;http://search.worldbank.org/api/v2/news.atom?admreg_exact=Latin+America+and+Caribbean&q;,&q;position&q;:4},{&q;url&q;:&q;http://search.worldbank.org/api/v2/news.atom?admreg_exact=East+Asia+and+Pacific&q;,&q;position&q;:5},{&q;url&q;:&q;http://unsdsn.org/news/feed&q;,&q;position&q;:6},{&q;url&q;:&q;https://en.unesco.org/rss.xml&q;,&q;position&q;:7},{&q;url&q;:&q;http://feeds.panda.org/wwf/climate?format=xml&q;,&q;position&q;:8},{&q;url&q;:&q;http://search.worldbank.org/api/v2/news.atom?admreg_exact=Middle+East+and+North+Africa&q;,&q;position&q;:9}],&q;partners&q;:[{&q;image&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/14130442/Routledge_White.png&q;,&q;altText&q;:&q;Routledge&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;https://www.routledge.com/&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Routledge&q;,&q;position&q;:1,&q;imageURL&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/14130442/Routledge_White.png&q;,&q;target&q;:&q;_blank&q;},{&q;image&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/14130802/CRC_Press_White.png&q;,&q;altText&q;:&q;CRC Press&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;https://www.crcpress.com/&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;CRC Press&q;,&q;position&q;:2,&q;imageURL&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/14130802/CRC_Press_White.png&q;,&q;target&q;:&q;_blank&q;},{&q;image&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/14130742/TFO_White.png&q;,&q;altText&q;:&q;TFO&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;http://www.tandfonline.com/&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;TFO&q;,&q;position&q;:3,&q;imageURL&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/14130742/TFO_White.png&q;,&q;target&q;:&q;_blank&q;}],&q;leadersList&q;:[{&q;image&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/11204613/GettyImages-589120498-1.jpg&q;,&q;altText&q;:&q;&q;,&q;thoughtPreview&q;:&q;&l;p&g;Read the latest Thought Leader Pieces here&l;/p&g;\n&q;}],&q;banner&q;:[{&q;image&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/04182231/Sustainable-Development-Goals-Online-from-Taylor-Francis.jpg&q;,&q;altText&q;:&q;Sustainable Development Goals Online from Taylor &a; Francis&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;Sustainable Development Goals Online from Taylor &a; Francis&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;A curated library to support the United Nations&s; call to action to end poverty, fight inequality &a; injustice and protect the planet&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;https://www.taylorfrancis.com/sdgo/about/collection?context=sdgo&q;,&q;position&q;:1},{&q;image&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/23133037/Goal-12.jpg&q;,&q;altText&q;:&q;&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;Goal of the Month&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;Browse our content related to Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;https://www.taylorfrancis.com/collections/responsible-consumption-production/08465874-75c4-4c2a-80f4-7fbb1f96c79d?context=sdgo&a;productType=all&q;,&q;position&q;:2},{&q;image&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/10194221/GettyImages-170036776-e1620655964625.jpg&q;,&q;altText&q;:&q;&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;Teaching &a; Learning material available for free on SDGO&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;Did you know that SDGO includes a unique collection of Teaching &a; Learning material for instructors and students provided by our expert authors worldwide? All material is free to access and includes core essays, presentations, case studies and videos. Select a goal in the colour wheel below to explore the collection!&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;https://www.taylorfrancis.com/collections/poverty/e9b9048c-990b-4305-809f-aba9bf786248?context=sdgo&a;productType=cw&a;key=&q;,&q;position&q;:3},{&q;image&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/04182452/Take-a-Tour-of-SDGO.jpg&q;,&q;altText&q;:&q;&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;Take a Tour of SDGO&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;Watch our Take a Tour video and find out how best to use SDGO for your teaching, studying and research&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;https://www.taylorfrancis.com/sdgo/about/take-a-tour?context=sdgo&q;,&q;position&q;:4},{&q;image&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/11204613/GettyImages-589120498-1.jpg&q;,&q;altText&q;:&q;&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;Thought Leaders&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;Read our latest piece from the Geocarto International journal and its relationship to the SDGs. &q;,&q;url&q;:&q;https://www.taylorfrancis.com/sdgo/about/leading-thoughts?context=sdgo&q;,&q;position&q;:5},{&q;image&q;:&q;https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.taylorfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/28141014/GettyImages-516365784-scaled.jpg&q;,&q;altText&q;:&q;&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;Explore Europa World&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;A leading reference work providing political, economic and statistical information on over 250 countries and territories and more than 2,000 international and regional organizations.&q;,&q;url&q;:&q;https://librarianresources.taylorandfrancis.com/product-info/digital-products/online-resources/europa-world/&q;,&q;position&q;:6}]},&q;featuredProducts&q;:[{&q;id&q;:&q;2d210e9a-bc50-46ba-82f7-e4f5bde76ba0&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;chapter&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;One biology, sustainable and regenerative farming&q;,&q;contributors&q;:[{&q;prefix&q;:null,&q;givenName&q;:&q;Donald M.&q;,&q;roles&q;:[{&q;name&q;:&q;author&q;}],&q;fullName&q;:&q;Donald M. Broom&q;,&q;bio&q;:null,&q;affiliations&q;:[],&q;orcid&q;:null,&q;suffix&q;:null,&q;authorId&q;:null,&q;degrees&q;:null,&q;collab&q;:null,&q;credits&q;:null,&q;familyName&q;:&q;Broom&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;Donald M. Broom&q;,&q;position&q;:1,&q;email&q;:null}],&q;isPartOf&q;:[{&q;level&q;:2,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;dacKey&q;:&q;C2023-0-57920-4&q;,&q;orderNumber&q;:&q;623668&q;,&q;isbn&q;:&q;9781032684369&q;,&q;editionId&q;:&q;983001&q;,&q;doi&q;:&q;10.4324/9781032684369&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;9f499e34-1029-4e71-86bb-5a446031929c&q;,&q;position&q;:1,&q;type&q;:&q;book&q;,&q;title&q;:null},{&q;level&q;:0,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01taA000002bXn3QAE&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;SDG-GOAL12&q;,&q;doi&q;:&q;10.4324/SDG-G012&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;08465874-75c4-4c2a-80f4-7fbb1f96c79d&q;,&q;position&q;:2331,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;SDGO - Goal 12&q;},{&q;level&q;:0,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01taA000002bXWvQAM&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;SDG-GOAL02&q;,&q;doi&q;:&q;10.4324/SDG-G002&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;73e5c496-ca42-4f5e-9629-8ab3b5fc6b28&q;,&q;position&q;:2126,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;SDGO - Goal 2&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;dacKey&q;:&q;C2011-2-16672-3&q;,&q;seriesCode&q;:&q;ECEFA&q;,&q;editionId&q;:&q;252956&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;226a149d-c56f-4869-bd57-5e5b849e7d57&q;,&q;position&q;:0,&q;type&q;:&q;series&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Earthscan Food and Agriculture&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01t7T000000xUtEQAU&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;SAL-ALL-EBK-2024&q;},&q;subType&q;:&q;Sales Collection&q;,&q;_id&q;:&q;7979f763-4844-4001-8a20-994467dc6fb8&q;,&q;position&q;:3732,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;2024 eBook Collection&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01t7T000000qzIiQAI&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;SAL-DIME-DRMN&q;},&q;subType&q;:&q;Discovery Collection&q;,&q;_id&q;:&q;2ba9c622-e779-4d09-a576-c27b72df436d&q;,&q;position&q;:138229,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Dimensions DRMN&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01t7R000007hJ25QAE&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;HSS-BUSINESS&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;3e97aa2c-1616-4ec7-8868-a7d5dcd0a46a&q;,&q;position&q;:14998,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Business, Management &a; Accounting&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01t7R000007hJ2KQAU&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;HSS-INDUSTRY&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;dd873b0c-45e5-4332-8eed-baf82689d5af&q;,&q;position&q;:2974,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Industry &a; Industrial Studies&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01t7R000007hJ2PQAU&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;HSS-HUMGEOG&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;b575ff8b-34f1-49e2-949c-157b6709f48a&q;,&q;position&q;:6090,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Human Geography&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01t7R000007hJ2tQAE&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;HSS-PHILOS&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;ddd48974-9948-4ce9-a88e-71eae3bb585a&q;,&q;position&q;:11252,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Philosophy&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01t7T0000038DwcQAE&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;HSS-BUSINESS-2024&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;cce399f9-cb26-4d4d-9767-df41ba81669b&q;,&q;position&q;:643,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Business, Management &a; Accounting 2024&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;collectionId&q;:&q;HSS-INDUSTRY-2024&q;},&q;subType&q;:&q;Sales Collection&q;,&q;_id&q;:&q;57294e3d-aa54-4c19-a34b-fefd0a4dbcd6&q;,&q;position&q;:111,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Industry &a; Industrial Studies 2024&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01t7T0000038Ds5QAE&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;HSS-HUMGEOG-2024&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;65a1eb5c-0898-4fe7-8fa0-d0fd5bcd9b04&q;,&q;position&q;:109,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Human Geography 2024&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01t7T0000038DbPQAU&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;HSS-PHILOS-2024&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;7281cd28-d5e7-4d66-a402-6cc976c6fa28&q;,&q;position&q;:329,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Philosophy 2024&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01taA000002RkonQAC&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;SAL-SOCSCI-2024&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;204bb44a-d7c4-4a56-b825-d01b1bd6f14f&q;,&q;position&q;:1783,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;2024 Social Science eBook Collection&q;}],&q;permissions&q;:[{&q;code&q;:&q;CTMRFM&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;rfm&q;,&q;description&q;:null,&q;text&q;:&q;Ready For Market&q;,&q;validFrom&q;:null,&q;type&q;:&q;sales&q;,&q;validTo&q;:null},{&q;code&q;:&q;EBRALL&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;EBRALL&q;,&q;description&q;:null,&q;text&q;:&q;Institutional, retail and Atypon&q;,&q;validFrom&q;:null,&q;type&q;:&q;access&q;,&q;validTo&q;:null},{&q;code&q;:&q;OA&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;open-access&q;,&q;description&q;:null,&q;text&q;:null,&q;validFrom&q;:null,&q;type&q;:&q;access&q;,&q;validTo&q;:null}],&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;doi&q;:&q;10.4324/9781032684369-17&q;},&q;associatedMedia&q;:[{&q;size&q;:1378,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;5ce4400b-841e-43ae-8dc8-880c2336af67&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;chapterabstractxml&q;},{&q;size&q;:1666256,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;0eabb201-88dd-4e4e-a67f-c02731d00726&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;chapterpdf&q;},{&q;size&q;:28991,&q;location&q;:&q;https://images.tandf.co.uk/common/jackets/crclarge/978103268/9781032684369.jpg&q;,&q;_id&q;:&q;03d31f67-c24f-4930-a46f-937f72297d41&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;coverimage&q;},{&q;size&q;:72123,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;be9cf435-bcf5-48a1-9c68-2d632fdccd3e&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;dbitsxml&q;}],&q;product&q;:{&q;pageStart&q;:&q;107&q;,&q;pageEnd&q;:&q;115&q;,&q;label&q;:&q;12&q;,&q;license&q;:null,&q;fundingGroups&q;:[{&q;awardGroupDetails&q;:[{&q;name&q;:&q;funderName&q;,&q;value&q;:&q;No Funder Information Available&q;}],&q;fundingStatement&q;:null}],&q;groupOfCompany&q;:&q;OBB&q;,&q;podSuitable&q;:false,&q;subtitle&q;:&q;A role for pig and poultry production?&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;&q;,&q;publisherImprint&q;:&q;Routledge&q;,&q;publicationDate&q;:&q;2024-09-04T00:00:00.000Z&q;,&q;copyright&q;:{&q;holder&q;:&q;Joyce D’Silva and Carol McKenna; individual chapters, the contributors&q;,&q;year&q;:2025,&q;statement&q;:&q;© 2025 selection and editorial matter, Joyce D’Silva and Carol McKenna; individual chapters, the contributors&q;},&q;edition&q;:1,&q;doiRegistrationStatus&q;:false,&q;firstPublishedYear&q;:&q;2024&q;,&q;plannedPublicationDate&q;:&q;2024-09-04T00:00:00.000Z&q;,&q;inLanguage&q;:&q;eng&q;,&q;abstracts&q;:[{&q;transcript&q;:null,&q;caption&q;:null,&q;textType&q;:&q;abstract&q;,&q;position&q;:0,&q;type&q;:&q;xml&q;,&q;value&q;:&q;&l;p&g;World economics is changing from a push economy, driven by producers, to a pull economy, driven by consumers demanding transparency and refusing to buy unacceptable products. Also, attitudes to non-human species are changing as it is difficult to find anything unique to humans. There is only one biology, one health and one welfare, the words meaning the same when applied to humans or other animal species.&l;/p&g;\n &l;p&g;Most people think that sustainability of systems and products is important, that sustainability has many components and that the welfare of animals is a key part of sustainability. When evaluating sustainability, a science-based scoring system, taking account of all components, can produce a total score. Regeneration is possible if areas of land or sea are made less biodiverse because of human activity. The best systems for food production are much more sustainable than the worst. The best for beef are better than for other meats and some plant products. Chickens and pigs are fed grain and soya that could be human food and the worst animal welfare problem is leg disorder in meat chickens. Other foods for these animals and other keeping systems are more sustainable but great changes in food production are needed.&l;/p&g;&q;}],&q;citation&q;:&q;Broom, D.M. (2024). One biology, sustainable and regenerative farming: A role for pig and poultry production?. Regenerative Farming and Sustainable Diets: Human, Animal and Planetary Health (pp. 107-115). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032684369-17&q;,&q;pageCount&q;:9},&q;isPartOfCuratedCollection&q;:[{&q;isFree&q;:false,&q;level&q;:0,&q;_id&q;:&q;08465874-75c4-4c2a-80f4-7fbb1f96c79d&q;,&q;position&q;:2331,&q;title&q;:&q;SDGO - Goal 12&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;},{&q;isFree&q;:false,&q;level&q;:0,&q;_id&q;:&q;73e5c496-ca42-4f5e-9629-8ab3b5fc6b28&q;,&q;position&q;:2126,&q;title&q;:&q;SDGO - Goal 2&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;}],&q;_id&q;:&q;2d210e9a-bc50-46ba-82f7-e4f5bde76ba0&q;,&q;es_score&q;:1},{&q;id&q;:&q;fba47d58-1cfa-47ae-aa55-2218bb98bd0f&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;chapter&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;From Domestic Sewage Sludge to Clean Energy, Useful Resources, Zero Waste and Circular Economy Approach&q;,&q;contributors&q;:[{&q;prefix&q;:null,&q;givenName&q;:&q;J. K.&q;,&q;roles&q;:[{&q;name&q;:&q;author&q;}],&q;fullName&q;:&q;J. K. Bwapwa&q;,&q;bio&q;:null,&q;affiliations&q;:[],&q;orcid&q;:null,&q;suffix&q;:null,&q;authorId&q;:null,&q;degrees&q;:null,&q;collab&q;:null,&q;credits&q;:null,&q;familyName&q;:&q;Bwapwa&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;J. K. Bwapwa&q;,&q;position&q;:1,&q;email&q;:null}],&q;isPartOf&q;:[{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;dacKey&q;:&q;C2023-0-51419-4&q;,&q;orderNumber&q;:&q;TL13084&q;,&q;isbn&q;:&q;9781032651958&q;,&q;editionId&q;:&q;979611&q;,&q;doi&q;:&q;10.1201/9781032651958&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;4296abb7-621b-448f-b554-75546f8a6eb1&q;,&q;position&q;:7,&q;type&q;:&q;book&q;,&q;title&q;:null},{&q;level&q;:0,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01taA000002bXn3QAE&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;SDG-GOAL12&q;,&q;doi&q;:&q;10.4324/SDG-G012&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;08465874-75c4-4c2a-80f4-7fbb1f96c79d&q;,&q;position&q;:2339,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;SDGO - Goal 12&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;dacKey&q;:&q;C2022-2-44838-9&q;,&q;seriesCode&q;:&q;ET21C&q;,&q;editionId&q;:&q;912906&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;b2e422c3-eae2-49ab-8122-02bf332a4d2f&q;,&q;position&q;:0,&q;type&q;:&q;series&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Energy Transition in the 21st Century&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;collectionId&q;:&q;NET-ENERGY-2024&q;},&q;subType&q;:&q;Sales Collection&q;,&q;_id&q;:&q;73f4c5a5-fb1a-4f9b-9f60-28f0b7d25ec6&q;,&q;position&q;:71,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;ENERGYANDCLEANTECHnetBASE 2024&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01t7T0000038CFxQAM&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;NET-SCI-TECH-2024&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;f8fcf043-60b0-43f9-a48a-b94889ea60bf&q;,&q;position&q;:1468,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;SCI-TECHnetBASE 2024&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01t7T0000038CIyQAM&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;NET-INDUSTENG-2024&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;f3c451e1-e15c-4da7-92f8-a300f6374633&q;,&q;position&q;:101,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;INDUSTRIALENGINEERINGnetBASE 2024&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01t7T0000038CHYQA2&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;NET-MECHENG-2024&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;38e46cd5-ecfd-4c64-a9a0-73eabfd77498&q;,&q;position&q;:122,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;MechanicalEngineeringnetBASE 2024&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01t7T0000038CGXQA2&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;NET-STM-2024&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;70f5cab7-0aba-4836-b696-7df418e64b21&q;,&q;position&q;:1493,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;STMnetBASE 2024&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01t7T0000038CZNQA2&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;NET-ENG-2024&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;6938ff6e-8db2-4c18-bcfa-cfd95c3fdb0c&q;,&q;position&q;:536,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;ENGnetBASE 2024&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01t7T000000xUtEQAU&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;SAL-ALL-EBK-2024&q;},&q;subType&q;:&q;Sales Collection&q;,&q;_id&q;:&q;7979f763-4844-4001-8a20-994467dc6fb8&q;,&q;position&q;:2140,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;2024 eBook Collection&q;},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01t7T000000qzIiQAI&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;SAL-DIME-DRMN&q;},&q;subType&q;:&q;Discovery Collection&q;,&q;_id&q;:&q;2ba9c622-e779-4d09-a576-c27b72df436d&q;,&q;position&q;:136691,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Dimensions DRMN&q;},{&q;_id&q;:&q;WB004&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;ENGnetBASE&q;},{&q;_id&q;:&q;WB038&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;MechanicalEngineeringnetBASE&q;},{&q;_id&q;:&q;WB056&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;ENERGYANDCLEANTECHnetBASE&q;},{&q;_id&q;:&q;WB057&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;SCI-TECHnetBASE&q;},{&q;_id&q;:&q;WB069&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;INDUSTRIALENGINEERINGnetBASE&q;},{&q;_id&q;:&q;WB075&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;STMnetBASE&q;}],&q;permissions&q;:[{&q;code&q;:&q;CTMRFM&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;rfm&q;,&q;description&q;:null,&q;text&q;:&q;Ready For Market&q;,&q;validFrom&q;:null,&q;type&q;:&q;sales&q;,&q;validTo&q;:null},{&q;code&q;:&q;EBRALL&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;EBRALL&q;,&q;description&q;:null,&q;text&q;:&q;Institutional, retail and Atypon&q;,&q;validFrom&q;:null,&q;type&q;:&q;access&q;,&q;validTo&q;:null}],&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;doi&q;:&q;10.1201/9781032651958-7&q;},&q;associatedMedia&q;:[{&q;size&q;:2615,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;24585047-25df-4570-a945-59696d35e934&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;chapterabstractxml&q;},{&q;size&q;:773561,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;2610560a-7e01-4dc6-b63b-c5bcfea10262&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;chapterpdf&q;},{&q;size&q;:17231,&q;location&q;:&q;https://images.tandf.co.uk/common/jackets/crclarge/978103265/9781032651958.jpg&q;,&q;_id&q;:&q;c6cbd3d9-771b-496a-8f8a-80705ecfc470&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;coverimage&q;},{&q;size&q;:141184,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;fb3f515a-052d-4279-9046-c628c490a339&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;dbitsxml&q;}],&q;product&q;:{&q;pageStart&q;:&q;120&q;,&q;pageEnd&q;:&q;131&q;,&q;label&q;:&q;7&q;,&q;license&q;:null,&q;fundingGroups&q;:null,&q;groupOfCompany&q;:&q;OBB&q;,&q;podSuitable&q;:false,&q;subtitle&q;:null,&q;description&q;:&q;&q;,&q;publisherImprint&q;:&q;CRC Press&q;,&q;publicationDate&q;:&q;2024-10-24T00:00:00.000Z&q;,&q;copyright&q;:{&q;holder&q;:&q;selection and editorial matter, Opeyeolu Timothy Laseinde and Andrew C. Eloka-Eboka; individual chapters, the contributors&q;,&q;year&q;:2025,&q;statement&q;:&q;© 2025 selection and editorial matter, Opeyeolu Timothy Laseinde and Andrew C. Eloka-Eboka; individual chapters, the contributors&q;},&q;edition&q;:1,&q;doiRegistrationStatus&q;:false,&q;firstPublishedYear&q;:&q;2024&q;,&q;plannedPublicationDate&q;:&q;2024-10-24T00:00:00.000Z&q;,&q;inLanguage&q;:&q;eng&q;,&q;abstracts&q;:[{&q;transcript&q;:null,&q;caption&q;:null,&q;textType&q;:&q;abstract&q;,&q;position&q;:0,&q;type&q;:&q;xml&q;,&q;value&q;:&q;&l;p&g;Sewage sludges are typically composed of non-toxic and biodegradable organic compounds mixed with a small percentage of non-toxic and toxic inorganic compounds with very low biodegradability. The large proportion of biodegradable matter forms an important pool of green/clean energy that can be used in industrial and domestic applications. The production of energy from sewage sludge can be used to supply energy to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) as it is well known that 40–60% of the operating costs are related to energy usage. The WWTP autonomy can be increased using energy recovery from sewage sludge incineration by 60% for electricity and 100% for thermal energy. However, energy for sewage sludge drying exceeds energy recovery unless solar drying is performed. There are numerous sludge-management options in which energy generation (heat, electricity, or biofuel) is a key treatment step. The most important options are anaerobic digestion, co-digestion, incineration with energy recovery, co-incineration in coal-fired power plants, co-incineration with organic waste focused on energy recovery, use as an energy source in the production of cement or building materials, pyrolysis, gasification, thermoliquefaction, supercritical (wet) oxidation, high-temperature hydrolysis, production of hydrogen, acetone, butanol, or ethanol, and direct generation. Sewage sludge can be considered a renewable energy source, and its incineration generates substantially lower greenhouse gas emissions than energy generation from fossil fuels. For the same amount of energy, sewage sludge emits 58% fewer emissions than natural gas and 80% less than hard coal and fuel oil. The energy efficiency of these processes strongly depends upon the dewatering and drying steps. It is expected that these applications will strongly increase in the future. Supercritical wet oxidation is a promising innovative technology that is still in development. With the exception of biogas production, the other biological methods to produce energy are still in the initial research phase. Production of biogas from sewage sludge is already applied worldwide on small, medium, and large scales. This study aims to analyze and assess the possibility of producing energy out of sewage sludge in a sustainable way adhering to the circular economy concept and fulfilling the zero waste approach for a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The study will also suggest ways to prevent waste from remaining after energy production.&l;/p&g;&q;}],&q;citation&q;:&q;Bwapwa, J.K. (2024). From Domestic Sewage Sludge to Clean Energy, Useful Resources, Zero Waste and Circular Economy Approach. Localized Energy Transition in the 4th Industrial Revolution (pp. 120-131). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781032651958-7&q;,&q;pageCount&q;:12},&q;isPartOfCuratedCollection&q;:[{&q;isFree&q;:false,&q;level&q;:0,&q;_id&q;:&q;08465874-75c4-4c2a-80f4-7fbb1f96c79d&q;,&q;position&q;:2339,&q;title&q;:&q;SDGO - Goal 12&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;}],&q;_id&q;:&q;fba47d58-1cfa-47ae-aa55-2218bb98bd0f&q;,&q;es_score&q;:1},{&q;id&q;:&q;5cbbc511-4bb7-495c-876d-3ab89ff5e62b&q;,&q;isPartOfCuratedCollection&q;:[{&q;isFree&q;:false,&q;level&q;:0,&q;_id&q;:&q;08465874-75c4-4c2a-80f4-7fbb1f96c79d&q;,&q;position&q;:2408,&q;title&q;:&q;SDGO - Goal 12&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;}],&q;product&q;:{&q;fundingGroups&q;:[],&q;copyright&q;:{&q;year&q;:2024,&q;statement&q;:&q;© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor &a; Francis Group.&q;,&q;holder&q;:&q;The Author(s)&q;},&q;volumeNumber&q;:&q;10&q;,&q;counts&q;:[{&q;count&q;:6,&q;type&q;:&q;figures&q;},{&q;count&q;:1,&q;type&q;:&q;tables&q;},{&q;count&q;:13,&q;type&q;:&q;pages&q;}],&q;issueNumber&q;:&q;1&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;&q;,&q;edition&q;:null,&q;shortTitle&q;:null,&q;journal&q;:{&q;electronicIssn&q;:&q;2765-8511&q;,&q;journalAcronym&q;:&q;OAES&q;,&q;subtitle&q;:&q;An international journal of environmental health and sustainability&q;,&q;journalId&q;:&q;oaes21&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Sustainable Environment&q;,&q;printIssn&q;:null,&q;doi&q;:null},&q;elocation&q;:&q;2340842&q;,&q;articleType&q;:&q;Research Article&q;,&q;pageStart&q;:null,&q;pageEnd&q;:null,&q;publicationDate&q;:&q;2024-12-31T00:00:00.000Z&q;,&q;pageCount&q;:0,&q;abstracts&q;:[],&q;citation&q;:null,&q;inLanguage&q;:null,&q;dates&q;:{&q;publishedOnline&q;:&q;2024-12-31T00:00:00.000Z&q;,&q;manuscriptRevised&q;:null,&q;manuscriptReceived&q;:&q;2023-10-16T00:00:00.000Z&q;,&q;publishedPrint&q;:null,&q;manuscriptAccepted&q;:&q;2024-04-04T00:00:00.000Z&q;},&q;orderInIssue&q;:&q;28&q;,&q;currentVersion&q;:&q;VERSIONOFRECORD&q;,&q;publisherImprint&q;:&q;Taylor &a; Francis&q;,&q;plannedPublicationDate&q;:&q;2024-12-31T00:00:00.000Z&q;,&q;license&q;:{&q;description&q;:&q;This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.&q;,&q;location&q;:&q;http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;open-access&q;},&q;doiRegistrationStatus&q;:null,&q;subtitle&q;:null,&q;stages&q;:[],&q;firstPublishedYear&q;:null,&q;dataAvailability&q;:false,&q;articleSection&q;:&q;Environmental Resource Management&q;,&q;status&q;:&q;Available&q;},&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;doi&q;:&q;10.1080/27658511.2024.2340842&q;},&q;associatedMedia&q;:[{&q;size&q;:1721,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;e7c18b1b-21c9-4a7b-99a5-5550382f2006&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;abstractxml&q;},{&q;size&q;:202674,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;1677c11e-95c9-484e-aa50-c115dc765deb&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;articlexml&q;},{&q;size&q;:19782,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;d6fda785-881e-4a1f-870d-80e124fc961a&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;catsxml&q;},{&q;size&q;:439835,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;2ee439c8-3775-428f-8de4-f0798fc2af21&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;document&q;},{&q;size&q;:233735,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;94c8ca46-e001-4ec5-8159-64eb93556784&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;figure&q;},{&q;size&q;:128719,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;c2495cba-6bcd-4c0d-a1cb-a0a35f89f651&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;figure&q;},{&q;size&q;:252247,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;acc4347e-e914-43ee-8650-72c95787f2ad&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;figure&q;},{&q;size&q;:354656,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;379a53fb-ee78-44fe-858b-8fd6f14678ac&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;figure&q;},{&q;size&q;:359831,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;4b56c13f-6388-42cd-8df6-d3ea7a26cced&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;figure&q;},{&q;size&q;:118640,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;86acf241-e8c0-4b36-82ac-bef1984228b1&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;figure&q;},{&q;size&q;:127263,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;41a24912-7c92-4790-9a25-b61380914eb0&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;figure&q;},{&q;size&q;:374091,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;8e1efb59-a1b6-4a34-8a20-6c0b46660647&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;figure&q;},{&q;size&q;:140938,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;2c855369-5d42-439e-b6f1-5b0c9667e9d5&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;figure&q;},{&q;size&q;:181280,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;f19b0f5e-e5cc-495e-8b71-8d314f38a65e&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;figure&q;},{&q;size&q;:263944,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;84e68001-e73b-4723-8af0-e68210e2b0cb&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;figure&q;},{&q;size&q;:155438,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;7b40a754-9c2d-4ebd-8e9d-d726a598a719&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;figure&q;},{&q;size&q;:2331,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;b5be69c3-19d9-46de-bfbb-89587af065a0&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1385,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;9a18fc59-80f7-4215-a15c-37aca3f1475a&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1816,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;bd206d8d-7482-4e5c-ada8-8a1c8f866d9e&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1648,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;9b290cac-a9a8-40f8-a1c5-dbdf327a79e0&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1659,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;41b5a309-1c2c-4427-8872-a06cee5e75da&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1407,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;5eaab190-b06e-4835-91d9-8cb6214f7efe&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1365,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;406fddaa-5dd9-4667-8881-ea89500838ba&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1402,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;f275a72e-9734-4a64-99e3-897c271ae1ab&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1654,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;50b4ec09-ea98-45e9-853c-efebe04142c3&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1374,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;b9508b96-ba44-4827-8e7e-08e18b43527f&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1402,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;8dbb49f6-bf2b-479c-aa62-08a6826b665c&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:3556,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;22af07cd-7149-47c4-b152-508dfeb14604&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1372,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;e56f530d-3990-419e-a28b-073545b03b11&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1385,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;e214631b-345a-4296-92d9-0b42cf54f98e&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1414,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;6afef8be-5f54-4d81-9dd2-b543f3ae3632&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1894,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;de3565ba-4546-40ba-bc3d-3ca074bd8037&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1817,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;6b87290b-5ae5-4a56-8e69-1d9c849904c1&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1372,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;1cd57e19-79e2-47d3-9ce0-c8b8b39d0bf6&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1662,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;6b3faf4b-c898-49a0-a267-666bdcf4c035&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1385,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;a94f02ce-4f86-400d-9510-82d406d125c9&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1243,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;0ec51247-dda7-4540-8b8b-dae0ea17a711&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1662,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;b76cef88-dd94-4224-95ae-d97196c7a083&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1391,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;0cf8debc-73ad-4209-9453-fc7f359efed5&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1402,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;9c647484-c972-4cab-809d-02086f4a3aaa&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1414,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;831d2a9a-b3fb-4ac0-a791-322a46a94f3e&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1365,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;a1d893b8-9a84-4bb0-b640-75d98611e8c6&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1391,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;0f237a95-e66d-4aa8-b491-35dbc98fadf9&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:7064,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;85636bca-db14-4cf6-aa30-40efc4bdc949&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1447,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;978f3b02-e64d-4d0d-b54a-e76fb0584d0d&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1391,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;166538d2-6cf2-4111-90b1-cf2ede55d36d&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1648,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;a5c8425c-279b-49e3-b478-e7c85889816c&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1243,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;7313ff87-915f-4fab-b571-556c15b28499&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1227,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;7a574247-e1a8-43fb-b337-7cffd8bf9937&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1407,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;17305981-a28c-4e48-bc05-f47772144848&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1391,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;ac16cc3a-ed5b-4b22-85f9-ba297b2a8a0b&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:2615,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;2fb66bc6-6f06-41fa-ae42-20aee8834527&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1407,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;84f8288c-3ec9-4989-91be-e670d27ea65e&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1742,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;438ba824-2126-498f-b872-9367764526a6&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:3651,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;5b3a8169-c76b-4374-8407-fcc8299d9215&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1876,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;ae557771-8ab4-439d-8ffd-d6b7853da87a&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1631,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;181afc88-a3c7-402a-a5ce-4c34a7c3ebe5&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1414,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;9236d2df-9fc5-4f49-bd02-f28af05dd420&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1829,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;17c4f598-9eee-4805-a935-dcd88dd4f4df&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:3178,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;b8768af0-b529-40ed-9110-de36485334e1&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1407,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;f50eb21c-8ea7-4bd4-b77e-7cf79991d691&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1243,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;0d61d6eb-2264-451e-bb77-3d697c47df6a&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1407,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;1b155801-c77d-48f4-bc40-5a259b1886df&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1374,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;b75f5851-b6a8-4ff3-bf53-e672fd3d7ed0&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1829,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;af96e50b-5d5e-4319-b21e-d15434617ba6&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1365,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;9077d64a-b603-424a-aaa9-d35cb2513e88&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1819,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;5fc9061f-bffd-4f31-a163-21724f35ce4f&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1391,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;9ce10f2a-a6ce-4c3b-9442-4406ad297de9&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:2600,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;651e1a4a-3bca-4ee6-87f7-5419f1e5ea6b&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1402,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;f8eb4e3e-a99b-4427-8887-1a8272661a70&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1240,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;ee1f0d53-9329-49bf-b43c-22c6eb1f532f&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1391,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;2764660b-2f46-4534-ad0c-595b5f7275a7&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1419,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;85975865-ef02-46f9-acb5-df7b3e3e6d6d&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1407,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;db3d63fd-2e4f-4258-b096-79391ee67be9&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1402,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;34f246da-2c0c-481f-b7d4-992f3e79d53e&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:3557,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;35b9cbfd-2ab8-45e2-82cf-f5c0917b2de9&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1414,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;451ebace-423b-43e0-ab9f-9c8ebf165225&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1423,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;d0dfc2bf-8a55-4515-8758-7cb2c59e1968&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:2478,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;6101fcd5-5e63-454b-b4f8-721d4cf9d456&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1819,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;1de1e300-a5f1-4684-92c9-4f19e39226c9&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1414,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;7956520a-8817-42a5-8b5e-c2c5a41279e3&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:3995,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;7e41c668-9edd-49d1-80a6-de8e271a2517&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1243,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;259142b1-554c-48d1-982e-aae50b91e720&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1407,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;023349d4-19ae-46ef-96c1-33b53f5dc601&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1414,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;206416bc-ec00-478a-9910-a756ed36e77a&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1414,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;d66674c8-ab14-49df-8300-ea4c15b97ee2&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:3320,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;5c662f82-e993-43b7-a5d4-d4d979959049&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:6592,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;3d206335-0b6b-47ec-9b5f-70b894e60a48&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1374,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;61abe2f8-5d9d-4d56-af1d-76a5c6f80165&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1372,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;df092671-d05c-4bbe-b82d-f26043a10ab3&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:2952,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;f992aa96-7fc9-4016-aef1-b77120945ed9&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:3297,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;18828382-461a-4150-b445-5f7763d72acd&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1407,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;2e9616f4-5d9c-4a65-82ea-87b2553466d7&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1394,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;f57bbc2c-5017-4fce-9859-6891aa57f6cb&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1414,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;f8d46367-f903-4dae-9d00-5f0e5a58f3c7&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1742,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;350c4b51-be06-4dd6-ac75-d43e5a7761f5&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:3803,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;a279d294-366e-4af3-9a1b-c1fce801c837&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1822,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;08bba23f-c8ba-4594-8c85-918839e08ef1&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1247,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;47f9beb7-72d9-4fa1-8c57-884a052fd983&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1226,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;6e0a0d3b-57d6-42aa-8d14-64e3905d08f9&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1714,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;9b3c2b65-e919-4de6-a63e-7c608951ee33&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1447,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;1ffae9f0-fb22-47d6-9876-754c7a0d3a47&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1374,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;c221d9db-151a-4c04-9a20-bb85c4f5eed8&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:3277,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;31cf55e1-4c05-4e96-a0fc-c40e8665687f&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1662,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;868a215b-312e-44bc-8e51-4c9356e7b3a8&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1402,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;5ce1d7b2-72fa-4b5e-9d32-b323fc62d914&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1391,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;94bae78d-b590-47dc-a5f5-0ae89c3bf7c7&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:6082,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;ef16ed38-e326-4d25-bb96-66169244ad7c&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:3077,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;c52cefd5-4cdf-4d9f-87f6-f31b2676827b&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1402,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;4bcd2ad7-b0b9-40f1-add3-78d2d502e1f9&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1708,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;928c4d1a-df8b-4fd8-b550-b59ead0d6a16&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1391,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;cfde52b1-0c86-4056-a774-5cc2fd20adf6&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1694,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;9b776a9b-1dd3-4aab-9164-c215bd1fc4d5&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1243,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;d360cdbf-1367-4474-85bd-3817fa9fd337&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:3482,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;63c5f098-0fb5-465b-a8aa-c08da5caa5b4&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:3493,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;fd8e0b4d-5950-4627-9740-945eb7cf433b&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:7491,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;c81cd2c0-b295-4108-b12b-a09aeecae4c2&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:3747,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;5330fee6-0893-41fb-abed-a9463ed52979&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1407,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;15ed9679-41f2-4b2a-8cc3-7bc57b5cfc89&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:100744,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;d9fb8ab1-15c4-49a7-99d3-d3e1d526b167&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1402,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;9390931b-d807-4e85-a252-1bb771ecdeeb&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1365,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;fbe8551c-1b1e-4c8d-bd24-899cb536e3f0&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1414,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;e77d0842-b9b5-4dd4-bb83-6e83a6916446&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:2331,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;9e7d8ce1-fbe7-4ed8-85a0-d08c9cd14b54&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1397,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;8126a1c0-d350-4660-8f2b-ac7bfc9b8508&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1240,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;7a42618d-b58e-44e5-b0de-7da63c0dbba8&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1407,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;49835f9f-c786-4ddc-a301-7c1c3cffef6a&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:4021,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;934c59a3-bc1d-4518-98b7-76463529cd35&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1372,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;56a731ee-301c-4afa-b5ba-16019b49ee6a&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1247,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;02ea2ae1-5cea-4106-b4aa-31dfafc0bc10&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1822,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;b4859de5-9d65-422b-b2f2-aea257d94737&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1895,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;8298cd6d-f24c-4fe6-9516-ea3c754c5071&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1385,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;324a2852-12de-4a11-95d0-77290003091b&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1694,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;43141b9d-0b33-46cd-b5f0-50a92ad51f6e&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:2743,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;bcb3a5e9-ef14-47ba-a068-cbb058205d30&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1402,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;85b9310c-8897-4cf9-92f2-099a9751b2d6&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1402,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;3557bc17-32b9-4f06-b958-6d93c8507985&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1638,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;c3ca6ebe-7823-4945-877b-f750523cc3a4&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1365,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;8c4cc11e-0a3a-4e6f-9646-373ec98b925c&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1356,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;77d60899-bae1-4fb5-b169-668dad69ac50&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1407,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;30186cc7-41cf-4f8a-907b-d84c50d5ad68&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:5050,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;9daac210-57c3-4bd5-ad19-d2c5fc7d3df6&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:5784,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;d016dc60-ab56-476a-b10d-90a5dd09c842&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1404,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;762dbbea-bfaa-4e74-90dc-d480024945f5&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1407,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;8a251699-0705-4380-9960-28d28972100d&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1365,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;6377ef5b-fbad-4e2e-9232-2c106030865a&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1822,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;d2710ce4-26a7-46e4-83c1-3b60e09569be&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1708,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;fb1766a1-928d-41fd-beea-01d9a9b969a2&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1391,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;0798536c-75c7-4607-bce5-8ebee26a4022&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:2575,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;ee0e913c-06b1-4327-98b6-5ee3d084b031&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:4493,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;3662bd99-4200-4fef-a782-6534a8c2fa7e&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1385,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;57f32118-dded-4e0f-ab90-4decc1f03472&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1226,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;8c8d1ab0-d1fe-4ecc-8e40-0a56b0cc9b06&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1391,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;d0e0fc02-138c-49e5-aadf-8930ce2fda5c&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1365,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;4951c6a6-c67d-4228-9d36-7f9cc06087ce&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1385,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;26957093-ddbb-4468-bd70-c22f60838080&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1365,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;06e157f6-d1b6-4af6-8d2b-3f5cd050d1e0&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:2306,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;c80ef586-52ca-44fa-ac5e-64efd533f48f&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1414,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;d270bdb9-a7af-4e31-9cc3-2b14ac9a0a07&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1648,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;c8496f29-d9ac-4998-a7ea-d8a8418c89e9&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1414,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;5ff1349b-dfc4-406e-ba1c-77d4752d7008&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1402,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;f460675a-493f-4fa2-b220-bc610b22b80d&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1402,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;a1627b2b-33bf-44f8-9350-ec97b586ca60&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1402,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;dbe51a0f-d4fa-4a6c-a75d-4c70a0a33275&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:4883,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;30122df8-8cb4-48e0-9c42-6d5b0476c067&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1658,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;2c25ddf8-fed1-401e-90e8-604713fedf6a&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:3778,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;536d32f8-ab93-4d1b-8f16-fd4135b9176c&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1391,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;196fb954-af02-450d-817e-6821c021e467&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1658,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;30a0940d-6d46-4a52-bc2b-a17636ed899b&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:4111,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;5de85839-0b46-41ed-a32f-3796c845f097&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1407,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;0bc8efb7-9e20-4527-bc60-48a8d39a5aae&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1385,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;da9fe90b-7a55-4965-ac60-df742d4ff8c9&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1414,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;d4acebcb-96ac-46c3-8693-5322fc20deaf&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:4338,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;5dc92ccd-ef30-40f4-88f8-40fd9203fe6b&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1402,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;f91ce3dc-0e62-42ea-9fa2-7f03723b891d&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1391,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;4dfa51ba-764a-4f93-aa83-4488d0ede18d&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1714,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;c9578b96-c702-40a8-b2f2-1361ee6d27b0&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1407,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;45529796-6ee0-4de0-927a-58be682ff6fe&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1407,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;053a20b6-e2c2-4801-9663-7d2d65817422&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1407,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;68d8fce6-7114-41f3-900a-4ee0bc1ded31&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1402,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;09ddf4e1-fffc-462c-b126-17c13ab9ed8b&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1648,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;266b371b-8a9c-417b-a7c2-fc65e2c66731&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:3056,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;c803020b-7895-4355-81c2-e0195aff2c9f&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:3409,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;2c43bc09-37c4-4d63-9226-cb6103a6c4ee&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:3323,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;fde18c2b-b2bf-4019-a8da-2fc0083f75e0&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:5853,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;49d10456-acb7-40ad-8c17-f30249397603&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1876,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;b0728c22-3a10-4d7f-b890-3530e5682a44&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1829,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;f1c852ed-f487-41d5-8205-f9daddf7b9d3&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1410,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;c2db13ef-6245-432e-b84e-3b7ab5398986&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:3487,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;ba3b16ed-a4fa-4e5f-a381-f9ad7a463dde&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1393,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;6ad69ce8-a4fb-4b14-b6b9-6c45ec8746ff&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;graphicinline&q;},{&q;size&q;:1913242,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;355ce0be-e8d3-4a4a-9448-fccba3b9a086&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;submissionpdf&q;},{&q;size&q;:16886,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;6679cad0-dbae-4287-bcd0-3c4988a72d52&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;submissionxml&q;},{&q;size&q;:2289465,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;6339da07-6422-4455-a5f6-5be997ce7fab&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;webpdf&q;}],&q;type&q;:&q;scholarlyArticle&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;Sustainability assessment of plastic circular economy: transitional probabilities with innovative separation&q;,&q;isPartOf&q;:[{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;journalAcronym&q;:&q;OAES&q;,&q;journalId&q;:&q;oaes21&q;,&q;doi&q;:&q;10.1080/oaes21&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;7abc3b5d-1179-4d95-9daa-ef1a52d34ebe&q;,&q;position&q;:1,&q;type&q;:&q;journal&q;,&q;title&q;:null},{&q;level&q;:1,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;issueId&q;:&q;oaes21.v10.i1&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;3a4d7181-8900-442e-9b2a-66fcfe1cd4be&q;,&q;position&q;:1,&q;type&q;:&q;issue&q;,&q;title&q;:null},{&q;level&q;:0,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01taA000002bXn3QAE&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;SDG-GOAL12&q;,&q;doi&q;:&q;10.4324/SDG-G012&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;08465874-75c4-4c2a-80f4-7fbb1f96c79d&q;,&q;position&q;:2408,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;SDGO - Goal 12&q;}],&q;permissions&q;:[{&q;code&q;:&q;OA&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;open-access&q;,&q;description&q;:null,&q;text&q;:null,&q;validFrom&q;:null,&q;type&q;:&q;access&q;,&q;validTo&q;:null}],&q;contributors&q;:[{&q;prefix&q;:null,&q;givenName&q;:&q;John Awuah&q;,&q;roles&q;:[{&q;name&q;:&q;author&q;},{&q;name&q;:&q;corresponding author&q;}],&q;fullName&q;:null,&q;bio&q;:null,&q;affiliations&q;:[{&q;address&q;:{&q;country&q;:&q;Ghana&q;,&q;city&q;:&q;Takoradi&q;,&q;locality&q;:null,&q;state&q;:null},&q;ringGold&q;:null,&q;name&q;:null,&q;department&q;:null}],&q;orcid&q;:&q;0000-0003-2850-422X&q;,&q;suffix&q;:null,&q;authorId&q;:null,&q;degrees&q;:null,&q;collab&q;:null,&q;familyName&q;:&q;Addor&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;John Awuah Addor&q;,&q;position&q;:null,&q;email&q;:&q;john.addor@ttu.edu.gh&q;},{&q;prefix&q;:null,&q;givenName&q;:&q;John&q;,&q;roles&q;:[{&q;name&q;:&q;author&q;}],&q;fullName&q;:null,&q;bio&q;:null,&q;affiliations&q;:[{&q;address&q;:{&q;country&q;:&q;Ghana&q;,&q;city&q;:&q;Takoradi&q;,&q;locality&q;:null,&q;state&q;:null},&q;ringGold&q;:null,&q;name&q;:null,&q;department&q;:null}],&q;orcid&q;:null,&q;suffix&q;:null,&q;authorId&q;:null,&q;degrees&q;:null,&q;collab&q;:null,&q;familyName&q;:&q;Bentil&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;John Bentil&q;,&q;position&q;:null,&q;email&q;:null},{&q;prefix&q;:null,&q;givenName&q;:&q;Eric Neebo&q;,&q;roles&q;:[{&q;name&q;:&q;author&q;}],&q;fullName&q;:null,&q;bio&q;:null,&q;affiliations&q;:[{&q;address&q;:{&q;country&q;:&q;Ghana&q;,&q;city&q;:&q;Tarkwa&q;,&q;locality&q;:null,&q;state&q;:null},&q;ringGold&q;:null,&q;name&q;:null,&q;department&q;:null}],&q;orcid&q;:null,&q;suffix&q;:null,&q;authorId&q;:null,&q;degrees&q;:null,&q;collab&q;:null,&q;familyName&q;:&q;Wiah&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;Eric Neebo Wiah&q;,&q;position&q;:null,&q;email&q;:null},{&q;prefix&q;:null,&q;givenName&q;:&q;Eric Neebo&q;,&q;roles&q;:[{&q;name&q;:&q;editor&q;}],&q;fullName&q;:null,&q;bio&q;:null,&q;affiliations&q;:[{&q;address&q;:{&q;country&q;:&q;UNITED KINGDOM&q;,&q;city&q;:null,&q;locality&q;:null,&q;state&q;:null},&q;ringGold&q;:null,&q;name&q;:null,&q;department&q;:null}],&q;orcid&q;:null,&q;suffix&q;:null,&q;authorId&q;:null,&q;degrees&q;:null,&q;collab&q;:null,&q;familyName&q;:&q;Wiah&q;,&q;name&q;:&q;Eric Neebo Wiah&q;,&q;position&q;:null,&q;email&q;:null}],&q;_id&q;:&q;5cbbc511-4bb7-495c-876d-3ab89ff5e62b&q;,&q;es_score&q;:1},{&q;id&q;:&q;2bf1d511-a764-4c61-a9dd-0a1c51e17193&q;,&q;isPartOfCuratedCollection&q;:[{&q;isFree&q;:true,&q;level&q;:0,&q;_id&q;:&q;d3c6303c-f986-4f1b-b260-e44195805003&q;,&q;position&q;:2265,&q;title&q;:&q;SDGO - Goal 7&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;},{&q;isFree&q;:true,&q;level&q;:0,&q;_id&q;:&q;5bbb7d39-5823-423f-a6e9-756c88ffc65e&q;,&q;position&q;:2541,&q;title&q;:&q;SDGO - Goal 11&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;},{&q;isFree&q;:true,&q;level&q;:0,&q;_id&q;:&q;08465874-75c4-4c2a-80f4-7fbb1f96c79d&q;,&q;position&q;:2411,&q;title&q;:&q;SDGO - Goal 12&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;}],&q;product&q;:{&q;copyright&q;:{&q;year&q;:2024,&q;statement&q;:&q;© 2019 Taylor and Francis Group&q;,&q;holder&q;:&q;Taylor &a; Francis Group&q;},&q;abstracts&q;:[{&q;type&q;:&q;text&q;,&q;value&q;:&q;This paper presents a study of solar power implementation in Ramanujan College, University of Delhi. The research discusses the various aspects involved in the implementation of solar power, including the design of the solar panels, installation of the panels in the college, and the analysis of the power output. The study also highlights the benefits of solar power implementation, including reduced carbon footprint and energy cost savings. The results of the study demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of solar power implementation in educational institutions and encourage the adoption of renewable energy sources.&q;}],&q;subtitle&q;:&q;&q;,&q;format&q;:&q;portableDocument&q;,&q;description&q;:&q;This paper presents a study of solar power implementation in Ramanujan College, University of Delhi. The research discusses the various aspects involved in the implementation of solar power, including the design of the solar panels, installation of the panels in the college, and the analysis of the power output. The study also highlights the benefits of solar power implementation, including reduced carbon footprint and energy cost savings. The results of the study demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of solar power implementation in educational institutions and encourage the adoption of renewable energy sources.&q;,&q;inLanguage&q;:&q;eng&q;,&q;publicationDate&q;:&q;2024-10-10T08:17:59.000Z&q;,&q;plannedPublicationDate&q;:&q;2024-10-10T08:17:59.000Z&q;,&q;publisherImprint&q;:&q;Taylor &a; Francis Group&q;},&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;doi&q;:&q;10.4324/2bf1d511-a764-4c61-a9dd-0a1c51e17193&q;},&q;associatedMedia&q;:[{&q;size&q;:616180,&q;location&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;28028335-349c-41f9-98e5-6269f95e67dc&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;portableDocument&q;}],&q;title&q;:&q;Institutional Benefits of Solar energy: a case study of Ramanujan College, University of Delhi&q;,&q;type&q;:&q;creativeWork&q;,&q;isPartOf&q;:[{&q;level&q;:0,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01taA000002vGYLQA2&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;SDG-GOAL07&q;,&q;doi&q;:&q;10.4324/SDG-G007&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;d3c6303c-f986-4f1b-b260-e44195805003&q;,&q;position&q;:2265,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;SDGO - Goal 7&q;},{&q;level&q;:0,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01taA000002vxqFQAQ&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;SDG-GOAL11&q;,&q;doi&q;:&q;10.4324/SDG-G011&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;5bbb7d39-5823-423f-a6e9-756c88ffc65e&q;,&q;position&q;:2541,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;SDGO - Goal 11&q;},{&q;level&q;:0,&q;identifiers&q;:{&q;sku&q;:&q;01taA000002w2czQAA&q;,&q;collectionId&q;:&q;SDG-GOAL12&q;,&q;doi&q;:&q;10.4324/SDG-G012&q;},&q;subType&q;:null,&q;_id&q;:&q;08465874-75c4-4c2a-80f4-7fbb1f96c79d&q;,&q;position&q;:2411,&q;type&q;:&q;collection&q;,&q;title&q;:&q;SDGO - Goal 12&q;}],&q;permissions&q;:[],&q;subType&q;:&q;portableDocument&q;,&q;contributors&q;:[{&q;familyName&q;:&q;&q;,&q;givenName&q;:&q;Ambneesh Mishra, Md. Izhar Alam, and Mani Deep Sharma, Deepak Gusain&q;,&q;roles&q;:[{&q;name&q;:&q;author&q;}],&q;name&q;:&q;Ambneesh Mishra, Md. Izhar Alam, and Mani Deep Sharma, Deepak Gusain&q;,&q;fullName&q;:&q;Ambneesh Mishra, Md. Izhar Alam, and Mani Deep Sharma, Deepak Gusain&q;,&q;affiliations&q;:[],&q;position&q;:1}],&q;_id&q;:&q;2bf1d511-a764-4c61-a9dd-0a1c51e17193&q;,&q;es_score&q;:1}]}</script></body></html>