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if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = [{"id":3700801,"link":"https://www.facebook.com/penyrheolexcavation?fref=ts","name":"Facebook","link_domain":"www.facebook.com","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=www.facebook.com"}]</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/EGuttmannBond","location":"/EGuttmannBond","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/EGuttmannBond","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-f847d0d4-2694-4e11-9ebc-bd511483877e"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-f847d0d4-2694-4e11-9ebc-bd511483877e"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Erika Guttmann-Bond" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/261778/55083/4364255/s200_erika.guttmann-bond.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Erika Guttmann-Bond</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Erika" data-follow-user-id="261778" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="261778"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">148</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">20</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">4</p></div></a><a href="/EGuttmannBond/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data">341</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">I have been working in Archaeology for over 30 years, mainly in the UK but also in Ireland and the Netherlands. I specialise in environmental archaeology, specifically geoarchaeology, but I also have many years of experience in professional archaeology. In 2009-2011 I held a Chair at the Institute for Geo and Bioarchaeology (IGBA) at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), where I was Professor of Landscape Archaeology, Assistant Director of IGBA and Head of the inter-Faculty Landscape Archaeology research group. My email is guttmann.bond@gmail.com.<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="261778">View All (10)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="261778" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geoarchaeology"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/EGuttmannBond","location":"/EGuttmannBond","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/EGuttmannBond","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Geoarchaeology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-cf5139c2-53c5-4c03-b823-02442e8b9552"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-cf5139c2-53c5-4c03-b823-02442e8b9552"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="261778" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Archaeology"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Environmental Archaeology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-6cec947c-2df8-4e6b-9e84-34af570400c9"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-6cec947c-2df8-4e6b-9e84-34af570400c9"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="261778" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Landscape Archaeology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-1393a14a-78e6-431b-8b03-8de34d62fd0e"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-1393a14a-78e6-431b-8b03-8de34d62fd0e"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="261778" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Prehistory_Archaeology_"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["British Prehistory (Archaeology)"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-2c1294e5-41b4-4948-a3af-260479f94486"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-2c1294e5-41b4-4948-a3af-260479f94486"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="261778" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_ecological_knowledges_and_practices"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Indigenous ecological knowledges and practices"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-f5ddcec5-2c61-4e84-8344-13bf185149be"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-f5ddcec5-2c61-4e84-8344-13bf185149be"></div> </a></div></div><div class="external-links-container"><ul class="profile-links new-profile js-UserInfo-social"><li class="left-most js-UserInfo-social-cv" data-broccoli-component="user-info.cv-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-cv" data-cv-filename="Erika_Guttmann-Bond_CV.docx" data-placement="top" data-toggle="tooltip" href="/EGuttmannBond/CurriculumVitae"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--small" style="font-size: 20px; 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From an Multi- to an Interdisciplinary Approach.</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="90211531"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="90211531"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 90211531; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=90211531]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=90211531]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 90211531; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='90211531']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 90211531, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=90211531]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":90211531,"title":"LAC2010: First International Landscape Archaeology Conference","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"AUP","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2012,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Landscape Archaeology between Art and Science. 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These responses are endured by healthy individuals, however, can produce calamitous changes in compromised individuals. Hence, attenuation is prudent and favourable. AIM To compare the effectiveness and safety of Clonidine and Fentanyl in attenuation of pressor response to direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. SETTING Tertiary care hospital. DESIGN Randomized, prospective, double blind study. METHODS 100 patients, aged 18-60 years who presented for elective, non-cardiovascular surgeries were divided into 2 groups; group-C to receive IV Clonidine; and group-F IV Fentanyl respectively, administered 5 min. prior to intubation. Each group had 50 patients of ASA-1 or II. We monitored the heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) method for intragroup comparison. The ANOVA method calculated Greenhouse-Geisser value, degree of freedom and p value. A p value \u003c0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS At 10 min. of intubation, decrease in heart rate was maximum with Clonidine than Fentanyl with mean values 61.84/min and 84.64/min respectively, statistically significant (p\u003c0.001). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure also showed a significant suppression (P\u003c.001) with Clonidine showing better results. CONCLUSION Sympathetic response is better attenuated with Clonidine, which is statistically highly significant. Administration of intravenous Clonidine 2 μg/kg, 5 minutes before the laryngoscopy can be recommended to attenuate the sympathetic response to laryngoscopy and intubation.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"grobid_abstract_attachment_id":84413060},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76819850/Place_in_the_Past_An_early_Neolthic_house_at_the_Knowes_of_Trotty_barrow_cemetery","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-18T05:59:44.468-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":261778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84413060,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/84413060/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"322.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84413060/download_file?st=MTczMjg1MTAzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Place_in_the_Past_An_early_Neolthic_hous.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/84413060/322-libre.pdf?1650308558=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPlace_in_the_Past_An_early_Neolthic_hous.pdf\u0026Expires=1732854634\u0026Signature=PglU5rSOzKouJlR18gIbv5H0SQZQupqESdI77BLmxruLk2VhIakmWMQJmNTLCqHgxZ2vwkLMnt~3Y-H30KWy8jTlPdrjf1G3ilfNfOH7Dt6pB6vkgXBDYV07MlGA4UAb~UtvIZneyOMiB1RbSTN8mYryOEzgFkLt5Df5AraexmEvXlApSb76dGb1~bIkMvquShOzfEoXg8hMZHdGRuVte5X0FepDdvRtIJLBOcAaKLARfKyNHTQcPi6ch8hqIGeKErrLdYSW69Dzic6ZogkBm7G67P2IhSyipUgMWOWtzrYfRfYanmO2SCzAnJDZzAJbHtgNKqF09~6XTA6jujNAQg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Place_in_the_Past_An_early_Neolthic_house_at_the_Knowes_of_Trotty_barrow_cemetery","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":261778,"first_name":"Erika","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Guttmann-Bond","page_name":"EGuttmannBond","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2010-10-05T22:29:53.787-07:00","display_name":"Erika Guttmann-Bond","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EGuttmannBond"},"attachments":[{"id":84413060,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/84413060/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"322.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84413060/download_file?st=MTczMjg1MTAzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Place_in_the_Past_An_early_Neolthic_hous.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/84413060/322-libre.pdf?1650308558=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPlace_in_the_Past_An_early_Neolthic_hous.pdf\u0026Expires=1732854634\u0026Signature=PglU5rSOzKouJlR18gIbv5H0SQZQupqESdI77BLmxruLk2VhIakmWMQJmNTLCqHgxZ2vwkLMnt~3Y-H30KWy8jTlPdrjf1G3ilfNfOH7Dt6pB6vkgXBDYV07MlGA4UAb~UtvIZneyOMiB1RbSTN8mYryOEzgFkLt5Df5AraexmEvXlApSb76dGb1~bIkMvquShOzfEoXg8hMZHdGRuVte5X0FepDdvRtIJLBOcAaKLARfKyNHTQcPi6ch8hqIGeKErrLdYSW69Dzic6ZogkBm7G67P2IhSyipUgMWOWtzrYfRfYanmO2SCzAnJDZzAJbHtgNKqF09~6XTA6jujNAQg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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On the one hand, the original, medieval meaning of landscape is 'territory', including the institutions that govern and manage it. Landscapes according to this definition can be observed subjectively, but also objectively by research based on fieldwork and studies in archives and laboratories (cf. Renes 2011). The second definition developed when artists painted rural scenes and called them 'landscapes'. In the latter, not only the paintings, but also their subjects became known as landscapes. Dutch painters reintroduced the word 'landscape' into the English language, and the word therefore gained a more visual meaning than it had on the Continent. The visual definition turns landscape into a composition that is made within the mind of the individual, so using this definition it could be argued that there is no landscape without an observer (Renes 2011). While in the latter definition the term 'landscape' originates from the Dutch 'landschap' (Schama 1995; David \u0026 Thomas 2008), it is probably more accurate to state that the study of 'territorial' landscapes originated as the study of historical geography and physical geography. This can be traced back to the classical authors, with Strabo noting that 'geography (…) regards knowledge both of the heavens and of things on land and sea, animals, plants, fruits, and everything else to be seen in various regions' (Strabo 1.1.1.). Physical geography is by nature an interdisciplinary field (geology, botany, soil science etc.) and in the late 18th and early 19th centuries it continued to focus on the study of the physical environment, for example in the work of the German researcher Alexander Von Humboldt. During the 19th century, most geographers saw human activities in the landscape as strongly defined by the physical landscape (such as in 'Anthropogeographie' in Germany: Ratzel 1882). 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Agricultural landscapes in the Western world have, however, become increasingly industrialised and low in biodiversity, and the standard practice in developed countries is to grow large fields of single crops sprayed with pesticides and herbicides. Many leading agronomists believe that such industrial methods are the only way to a growing global population. However, many opposing agronomists argue that agroecology is a more productive and efficient use of land. This paper is a review of archaeological, environmental and ethnographic evidence for sustainable agricultural land management, as it has been practiced in the past, and as it is practiced today in countries that use traditional, pre-industrial methods. A range of evidence demonstrates that small, biodiverse farms are more productive per hectare than agribusinesses that practice monocropping. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76819844"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76819844/A_Late_Bronze_Age_Landscape_at_South_Hornchurch_Essex"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Late Bronze Age Landscape at South Hornchurch, Essex" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/84948537/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76819844/A_Late_Bronze_Age_Landscape_at_South_Hornchurch_Essex">A Late Bronze Age Landscape at South Hornchurch, Essex</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A 2.5 ha open area excavation at South Hornchurch, Essex (London Borough of Havering) has reveale...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A 2.5 ha open area excavation at South Hornchurch, Essex (London Borough of Havering) has revealed an extensive Late Bronze Age settlement on the Thames terrace gravels. The site is particularly significant because of the association of a circular ditched enclosure or ringwork with a contemporary field system, as well as clusters of enclosed and unenclosed circular structures. Two enclosures were formed by rings of pits or large post-holes. Placed pottery deposits and unurned cremation burials were found, mostly associated with structures and entranceways. Other finds include both plain and decorated Post Deverel-Rinibury pottery, burnt flint, spindle whorls, possible loomweights, perforated clay slabs, and a bivalve clay sword mould. The entire site was subsequently sealed by a buried colluvial ploughsoil which almost certainly represents the final phase of Late Bronze Age activity. The site&#39;s spatial structure, environmental context, and regional significance are discussed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9925bc6848a965c743dcf436714e4819" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":84948537,"asset_id":76819844,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84948537/download_file?st=MTczMjg1MTAzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76819844"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76819844"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819844; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819844]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819844]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819844; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76819844']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76819844, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9925bc6848a965c743dcf436714e4819" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76819844]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76819844,"title":"A Late Bronze Age Landscape at South Hornchurch, Essex","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A 2.5 ha open area excavation at South Hornchurch, Essex (London Borough of Havering) has revealed an extensive Late Bronze Age settlement on the Thames terrace gravels. The site is particularly significant because of the association of a circular ditched enclosure or ringwork with a contemporary field system, as well as clusters of enclosed and unenclosed circular structures. Two enclosures were formed by rings of pits or large post-holes. Placed pottery deposits and unurned cremation burials were found, mostly associated with structures and entranceways. Other finds include both plain and decorated Post Deverel-Rinibury pottery, burnt flint, spindle whorls, possible loomweights, perforated clay slabs, and a bivalve clay sword mould. The entire site was subsequently sealed by a buried colluvial ploughsoil which almost certainly represents the final phase of Late Bronze Age activity. 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Edinburgh University Press pp 5482 View all references), and at Knap of Howar Neolithic soil...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... Edinburgh University Press pp 5482 View all references), and at Knap of Howar Neolithic soils rich in midden material were ... Buteux S 1997 Settlements at Skaill, Deerness, Orkney: Excavations by Peter Gelling of the Prehistoric, Pictish, Viking and Later Periods, 19631981 ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76819842"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76819842"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819842; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819842]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819842]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819842; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76819842']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76819842, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76819842]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76819842,"title":"Midden cultivation in prehistoric Britain: arable crops in gardens","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"... Edinburgh University Press pp 5482 View all references), and at Knap of Howar Neolithic soils rich in midden material were ... Buteux S 1997 Settlements at Skaill, Deerness, Orkney: Excavations by Peter Gelling of the Prehistoric, Pictish, Viking and Later Periods, 19631981 ...","publisher":"Informa UK Limited","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2005,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"World Archaeology"},"translated_abstract":"... Edinburgh University Press pp 5482 View all references), and at Knap of Howar Neolithic soils rich in midden material were ... 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The first phase of Mesolithic activity is dated to 7060-6650 cal. BC based on AMS dating of charred hazelnut shells. This discovery appears to validate the frequent pollen-based inferences of Mesolithic impact for the area and, as predicted, allows the Atlantic fringe of Scotland to become part of the European Mesolithic mainstream. A detailed pedological analysis also suggests that these early midden layers may have been amended during the Neolithic period as part of a possible phase of cultivation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76819841"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76819841"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819841; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819841]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819841]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819841; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76819841']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76819841, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76819841]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76819841,"title":"Archaeological evidence for the first Mesolithic occupation of the Western Isles of Scotland","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The examination of eroding coastal dunes at the prehistoric site of Northton, Harris, has produced the first archaeological evidence of Mesolithic activity in the Western Isles in the form of two midden-related deposits. 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Two of the sites (Old Scatness and Jarlshof) were on lower-lying, better-drained, sheltered land; the third (Clevigarth) was in an acid, ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76819840"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76819840"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819840; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819840]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819840]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819840; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76819840']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76819840, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76819840]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76819840,"title":"Anthrosols in Iron Age Shetland: Implications for arable and economic activity","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The soils surrounding three Iron Age settlements on South Mainland, Shetland, were sampled and compared for indicators of soil amendment. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76819839"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76819839/Characterizing_anthropic_sediments_in_north_European_Neolithic_settlements_An_assessment_from_Skara_Brae_Orkney"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Characterizing anthropic sediments in north European Neolithic settlements: An assessment from Skara Brae, Orkney" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76819839/Characterizing_anthropic_sediments_in_north_European_Neolithic_settlements_An_assessment_from_Skara_Brae_Orkney">Characterizing anthropic sediments in north European Neolithic settlements: An assessment from Skara Brae, Orkney</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Geoarchaeology</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The creation of anthropic sediments, traditionally referred to under the blanket term midden, thr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The creation of anthropic sediments, traditionally referred to under the blanket term midden, through the utilization of settlement waste materials in domestic settlement construction was first recognized during early excavations at the Orcadian Neolithic site of Skara Brae (VG Childe, 1931a; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="85492492"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/85492492/The_influence_of_Agricultural_terraces_on_archaeological_soil_preservation_in_Northern_Calabria_Italy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The influence of Agricultural terraces on archaeological soil preservation in Northern-Calabria, Italy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/85492492/The_influence_of_Agricultural_terraces_on_archaeological_soil_preservation_in_Northern_Calabria_Italy">The influence of Agricultural terraces on archaeological soil preservation in Northern-Calabria, Italy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This Landscape Archaeology research project concerns the influence of agricultural terraces on th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This Landscape Archaeology research project concerns the influence of agricultural terraces on the preservation of cultural/ archaeological soils in the province of Calabria, southern Italy. The study was conducted as part of the Raganello Archaeological Project of the Groningen Institute of Archaeology, Rijks Universiteit Groningen and was supervised by dr. Martijn van Leusen of the Groningen Institute of Archaeology and prof. dr. Erika Guttmann-Bond of the Institute for Geo- and Bioarchaeology, VU University Amsterdam. In order to examine the influence of agricultural terraces on the preservation of cultural/ archaeological soils, a buried soil was examined on the transition zone of two agricultural terraces and a buried soil was examined at the transition zone of an agricultural terrace and a river valley. Also several soil exposures in a non-agricultural terrace setting were examined. 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In order to examine the influence of agricultural terraces on the preservation of cultural/ archaeological soils, a buried soil was examined on the transition zone of two agricultural terraces and a buried soil was examined at the transition zone of an agricultural terrace and a river valley. Also several soil exposures in a non-agricultural terrace setting were examined. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="85492474"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/85492474/Place_in_the_Past"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Place in the Past" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/85492474/Place_in_the_Past">Place in the Past</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Development of Neolithic House Societies in Orkney</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="85492474"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="85492474"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 85492474; 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These responses are endured by healthy individuals, however, can produce calamitous changes in compromised individuals. Hence, attenuation is prudent and favourable. AIM To compare the effectiveness and safety of Clonidine and Fentanyl in attenuation of pressor response to direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. SETTING Tertiary care hospital. DESIGN Randomized, prospective, double blind study. METHODS 100 patients, aged 18-60 years who presented for elective, non-cardiovascular surgeries were divided into 2 groups; group-C to receive IV Clonidine; and group-F IV Fentanyl respectively, administered 5 min. prior to intubation. Each group had 50 patients of ASA-1 or II. We monitored the heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) method for intragroup comparison. The ANOVA method calculated Greenhouse-Geisser value, degree of freedom and p value. A p value \u003c0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS At 10 min. of intubation, decrease in heart rate was maximum with Clonidine than Fentanyl with mean values 61.84/min and 84.64/min respectively, statistically significant (p\u003c0.001). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure also showed a significant suppression (P\u003c.001) with Clonidine showing better results. CONCLUSION Sympathetic response is better attenuated with Clonidine, which is statistically highly significant. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76819847"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76819847/Reinventing_sustainability_how_archaeology_can_save_the_planet"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Reinventing sustainability: how archaeology can save the planet" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76819847/Reinventing_sustainability_how_archaeology_can_save_the_planet">Reinventing sustainability: how archaeology can save the planet</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Archaeological Journal</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Sustainability is a key theme of today’s world, inherently entwined with the concern of climate c...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Sustainability is a key theme of today’s world, inherently entwined with the concern of climate change and the desire for economic development. 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Agricultural landscapes in the Western world have, however, become increasingly industrialised and low in biodiversity, and the standard practice in developed countries is to grow large fields of single crops sprayed with pesticides and herbicides. Many leading agronomists believe that such industrial methods are the only way to a growing global population. However, many opposing agronomists argue that agroecology is a more productive and efficient use of land. This paper is a review of archaeological, environmental and ethnographic evidence for sustainable agricultural land management, as it has been practiced in the past, and as it is practiced today in countries that use traditional, pre-industrial methods. A range of evidence demonstrates that small, biodiverse farms are more productive per hectare than agribusinesses that practice monocropping. It is suggested that there can be compromise, and that substantial environment benefits accrue where agroecological methods are introduced into industrialised agricultural systems. A key point is that traditional varieties of crops are important adaptations to marginal environments; it is essential to food security that these resources, which were developed over thousands of years but which are now vanishing at an alarming rate, are not lost.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76819846"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76819846"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819846; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819846]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819846]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819846; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76819846']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76819846, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76819846]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76819846,"title":"Productive Landscapes: a Global Perspective on Sustainable Agriculture","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"ABSTRACT The connections between agriculture and landscape are well established in western perceptions. 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It is suggested that there can be compromise, and that substantial environment benefits accrue where agroecological methods are introduced into industrialised agricultural systems. A key point is that traditional varieties of crops are important adaptations to marginal environments; it is essential to food security that these resources, which were developed over thousands of years but which are now vanishing at an alarming rate, are not lost.","publisher":"Informa UK Limited","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Landscapes"},"translated_abstract":"ABSTRACT The connections between agriculture and landscape are well established in western perceptions. Agricultural landscapes in the Western world have, however, become increasingly industrialised and low in biodiversity, and the standard practice in developed countries is to grow large fields of single crops sprayed with pesticides and herbicides. 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A key point is that traditional varieties of crops are important adaptations to marginal environments; it is essential to food security that these resources, which were developed over thousands of years but which are now vanishing at an alarming rate, are not lost.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76819846/Productive_Landscapes_a_Global_Perspective_on_Sustainable_Agriculture","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-18T05:59:43.811-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":261778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Productive_Landscapes_a_Global_Perspective_on_Sustainable_Agriculture","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":261778,"first_name":"Erika","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Guttmann-Bond","page_name":"EGuttmannBond","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2010-10-05T22:29:53.787-07:00","display_name":"Erika Guttmann-Bond","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EGuttmannBond"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science"},{"id":3530,"name":"Sustainable agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture"},{"id":17825,"name":"Biodiversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity"},{"id":79068,"name":"Landscapes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscapes"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76819845"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76819845/Old_Scatness_the_Viking_and_Norse_anthrosols"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Old Scatness: the Viking and Norse anthrosols" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76819845/Old_Scatness_the_Viking_and_Norse_anthrosols">Old Scatness: the Viking and Norse anthrosols</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76819845"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76819845"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819845; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819845]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819845]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819845; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76819845']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76819845, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76819845]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76819845,"title":"Old Scatness: the Viking and Norse anthrosols","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76819845/Old_Scatness_the_Viking_and_Norse_anthrosols","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-18T05:59:43.696-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":261778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Old_Scatness_the_Viking_and_Norse_anthrosols","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":261778,"first_name":"Erika","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Guttmann-Bond","page_name":"EGuttmannBond","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2010-10-05T22:29:53.787-07:00","display_name":"Erika Guttmann-Bond","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EGuttmannBond"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76819844"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76819844/A_Late_Bronze_Age_Landscape_at_South_Hornchurch_Essex"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Late Bronze Age Landscape at South Hornchurch, Essex" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/84948537/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76819844/A_Late_Bronze_Age_Landscape_at_South_Hornchurch_Essex">A Late Bronze Age Landscape at South Hornchurch, Essex</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A 2.5 ha open area excavation at South Hornchurch, Essex (London Borough of Havering) has reveale...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A 2.5 ha open area excavation at South Hornchurch, Essex (London Borough of Havering) has revealed an extensive Late Bronze Age settlement on the Thames terrace gravels. The site is particularly significant because of the association of a circular ditched enclosure or ringwork with a contemporary field system, as well as clusters of enclosed and unenclosed circular structures. Two enclosures were formed by rings of pits or large post-holes. Placed pottery deposits and unurned cremation burials were found, mostly associated with structures and entranceways. Other finds include both plain and decorated Post Deverel-Rinibury pottery, burnt flint, spindle whorls, possible loomweights, perforated clay slabs, and a bivalve clay sword mould. The entire site was subsequently sealed by a buried colluvial ploughsoil which almost certainly represents the final phase of Late Bronze Age activity. The site&#39;s spatial structure, environmental context, and regional significance are discussed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9925bc6848a965c743dcf436714e4819" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":84948537,"asset_id":76819844,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84948537/download_file?st=MTczMjg1MTAzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjg1MTAzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76819844"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76819844"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819844; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819844]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819844]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819844; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76819844']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76819844, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9925bc6848a965c743dcf436714e4819" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76819844]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76819844,"title":"A Late Bronze Age Landscape at South Hornchurch, Essex","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A 2.5 ha open area excavation at South Hornchurch, Essex (London Borough of Havering) has revealed an extensive Late Bronze Age settlement on the Thames terrace gravels. The site is particularly significant because of the association of a circular ditched enclosure or ringwork with a contemporary field system, as well as clusters of enclosed and unenclosed circular structures. Two enclosures were formed by rings of pits or large post-holes. Placed pottery deposits and unurned cremation burials were found, mostly associated with structures and entranceways. Other finds include both plain and decorated Post Deverel-Rinibury pottery, burnt flint, spindle whorls, possible loomweights, perforated clay slabs, and a bivalve clay sword mould. The entire site was subsequently sealed by a buried colluvial ploughsoil which almost certainly represents the final phase of Late Bronze Age activity. The site\u0026#39;s spatial structure, environmental context, and regional significance are discussed.","publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2000,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society"},"translated_abstract":"A 2.5 ha open area excavation at South Hornchurch, Essex (London Borough of Havering) has revealed an extensive Late Bronze Age settlement on the Thames terrace gravels. The site is particularly significant because of the association of a circular ditched enclosure or ringwork with a contemporary field system, as well as clusters of enclosed and unenclosed circular structures. Two enclosures were formed by rings of pits or large post-holes. Placed pottery deposits and unurned cremation burials were found, mostly associated with structures and entranceways. Other finds include both plain and decorated Post Deverel-Rinibury pottery, burnt flint, spindle whorls, possible loomweights, perforated clay slabs, and a bivalve clay sword mould. The entire site was subsequently sealed by a buried colluvial ploughsoil which almost certainly represents the final phase of Late Bronze Age activity. The site\u0026#39;s spatial structure, environmental context, and regional significance are discussed.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76819844/A_Late_Bronze_Age_Landscape_at_South_Hornchurch_Essex","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-18T05:59:43.555-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":261778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84948537,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/84948537/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pxc3879188.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84948537/download_file?st=MTczMjg1MTAzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjg1MTAzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_Late_Bronze_Age_Landscape_at_South_Hor.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/84948537/pxc3879188-libre.pdf?1650957324=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_Late_Bronze_Age_Landscape_at_South_Hor.pdf\u0026Expires=1732854634\u0026Signature=KPYMoi9bOEcYF89a5NmmYNQWJGJP9h~~4-BP5CDAQBsdkQ1bxA73RQ9q3kYRMESzZLJHykpsmBmABQ1bl3~-CxGXCl1sbaDp0b9BZUq2iXaIM4kIfsBUNK0801HhtgObdIEZtRscdJHrB8mD9ZmB3AbLy05cq-TKtrjtw3DN7ehICe2TGxH8tuMwXpyvUcE02LPf9~vp0sVhx2eej2Q0AGw02zMKxgiVSq0E1ugGafA5o7K8WQz1C4WkHj3MuqHCuW01uNs8W70QvIdIzen~xZTqre4NU6PZ03mAF8011rN02Ttd~xCj2yFNY~xGIRcgc~OMKGcUV9YF4c-lD~i1Ew__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"A_Late_Bronze_Age_Landscape_at_South_Hornchurch_Essex","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":261778,"first_name":"Erika","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Guttmann-Bond","page_name":"EGuttmannBond","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2010-10-05T22:29:53.787-07:00","display_name":"Erika Guttmann-Bond","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EGuttmannBond"},"attachments":[{"id":84948537,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/84948537/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pxc3879188.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84948537/download_file?st=MTczMjg1MTAzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjg1MTAzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_Late_Bronze_Age_Landscape_at_South_Hor.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/84948537/pxc3879188-libre.pdf?1650957324=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_Late_Bronze_Age_Landscape_at_South_Hor.pdf\u0026Expires=1732854634\u0026Signature=KPYMoi9bOEcYF89a5NmmYNQWJGJP9h~~4-BP5CDAQBsdkQ1bxA73RQ9q3kYRMESzZLJHykpsmBmABQ1bl3~-CxGXCl1sbaDp0b9BZUq2iXaIM4kIfsBUNK0801HhtgObdIEZtRscdJHrB8mD9ZmB3AbLy05cq-TKtrjtw3DN7ehICe2TGxH8tuMwXpyvUcE02LPf9~vp0sVhx2eej2Q0AGw02zMKxgiVSq0E1ugGafA5o7K8WQz1C4WkHj3MuqHCuW01uNs8W70QvIdIzen~xZTqre4NU6PZ03mAF8011rN02Ttd~xCj2yFNY~xGIRcgc~OMKGcUV9YF4c-lD~i1Ew__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":599635,"name":"Cambridge University","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cambridge_University"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76819842"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76819842/Midden_cultivation_in_prehistoric_Britain_arable_crops_in_gardens"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Midden cultivation in prehistoric Britain: arable crops in gardens" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76819842/Midden_cultivation_in_prehistoric_Britain_arable_crops_in_gardens">Midden cultivation in prehistoric Britain: arable crops in gardens</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>World Archaeology</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">... Edinburgh University Press pp 5482 View all references), and at Knap of Howar Neolithic soil...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... Edinburgh University Press pp 5482 View all references), and at Knap of Howar Neolithic soils rich in midden material were ... Buteux S 1997 Settlements at Skaill, Deerness, Orkney: Excavations by Peter Gelling of the Prehistoric, Pictish, Viking and Later Periods, 19631981 ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76819842"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76819842"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819842; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819842]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819842]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819842; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76819842']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76819842, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76819842]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76819842,"title":"Midden cultivation in prehistoric Britain: arable crops in gardens","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"... Edinburgh University Press pp 5482 View all references), and at Knap of Howar Neolithic soils rich in midden material were ... Buteux S 1997 Settlements at Skaill, Deerness, Orkney: Excavations by Peter Gelling of the Prehistoric, Pictish, Viking and Later Periods, 19631981 ...","publisher":"Informa UK Limited","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2005,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"World Archaeology"},"translated_abstract":"... Edinburgh University Press pp 5482 View all references), and at Knap of Howar Neolithic soils rich in midden material were ... Buteux S 1997 Settlements at Skaill, Deerness, Orkney: Excavations by Peter Gelling of the Prehistoric, Pictish, Viking and Later Periods, 19631981 ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76819842/Midden_cultivation_in_prehistoric_Britain_arable_crops_in_gardens","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-18T05:59:43.345-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":261778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Midden_cultivation_in_prehistoric_Britain_arable_crops_in_gardens","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":261778,"first_name":"Erika","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Guttmann-Bond","page_name":"EGuttmannBond","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2010-10-05T22:29:53.787-07:00","display_name":"Erika Guttmann-Bond","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EGuttmannBond"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory"},{"id":42197,"name":"Iron Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age"},{"id":42609,"name":"World Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Archaeology"},{"id":58724,"name":"Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age"},{"id":139604,"name":"Farming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Farming"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76819841"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76819841/Archaeological_evidence_for_the_first_Mesolithic_occupation_of_the_Western_Isles_of_Scotland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Archaeological evidence for the first Mesolithic occupation of the Western Isles of Scotland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76819841/Archaeological_evidence_for_the_first_Mesolithic_occupation_of_the_Western_Isles_of_Scotland">Archaeological evidence for the first Mesolithic occupation of the Western Isles of Scotland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Holocene</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The examination of eroding coastal dunes at the prehistoric site of Northton, Harris, has produce...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The examination of eroding coastal dunes at the prehistoric site of Northton, Harris, has produced the first archaeological evidence of Mesolithic activity in the Western Isles in the form of two midden-related deposits. The first phase of Mesolithic activity is dated to 7060-6650 cal. BC based on AMS dating of charred hazelnut shells. This discovery appears to validate the frequent pollen-based inferences of Mesolithic impact for the area and, as predicted, allows the Atlantic fringe of Scotland to become part of the European Mesolithic mainstream. A detailed pedological analysis also suggests that these early midden layers may have been amended during the Neolithic period as part of a possible phase of cultivation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76819841"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76819841"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819841; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819841]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819841]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819841; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76819841']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76819841, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76819841]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76819841,"title":"Archaeological evidence for the first Mesolithic occupation of the Western Isles of Scotland","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The examination of eroding coastal dunes at the prehistoric site of Northton, Harris, has produced the first archaeological evidence of Mesolithic activity in the Western Isles in the form of two midden-related deposits. The first phase of Mesolithic activity is dated to 7060-6650 cal. BC based on AMS dating of charred hazelnut shells. This discovery appears to validate the frequent pollen-based inferences of Mesolithic impact for the area and, as predicted, allows the Atlantic fringe of Scotland to become part of the European Mesolithic mainstream. A detailed pedological analysis also suggests that these early midden layers may have been amended during the Neolithic period as part of a possible phase of cultivation.","publisher":"SAGE Publications","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2005,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Holocene"},"translated_abstract":"The examination of eroding coastal dunes at the prehistoric site of Northton, Harris, has produced the first archaeological evidence of Mesolithic activity in the Western Isles in the form of two midden-related deposits. The first phase of Mesolithic activity is dated to 7060-6650 cal. BC based on AMS dating of charred hazelnut shells. This discovery appears to validate the frequent pollen-based inferences of Mesolithic impact for the area and, as predicted, allows the Atlantic fringe of Scotland to become part of the European Mesolithic mainstream. A detailed pedological analysis also suggests that these early midden layers may have been amended during the Neolithic period as part of a possible phase of cultivation.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76819841/Archaeological_evidence_for_the_first_Mesolithic_occupation_of_the_Western_Isles_of_Scotland","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-18T05:59:43.230-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":261778,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Archaeological_evidence_for_the_first_Mesolithic_occupation_of_the_Western_Isles_of_Scotland","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":261778,"first_name":"Erika","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Guttmann-Bond","page_name":"EGuttmannBond","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2010-10-05T22:29:53.787-07:00","display_name":"Erika Guttmann-Bond","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EGuttmannBond"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology"},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology"},{"id":1706,"name":"Geoarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geoarchaeology"},{"id":1742,"name":"Archaeobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeobotany"},{"id":2109,"name":"Environmental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Archaeology"},{"id":4997,"name":"Mesolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesolithic_Archaeology"},{"id":5440,"name":"Midden analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Midden_analysis"},{"id":5769,"name":"Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Spectrometry"},{"id":7827,"name":"Coastal Dunes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_Dunes"},{"id":12758,"name":"North Atlantic archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_Atlantic_archaeology"},{"id":14228,"name":"Geochronology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochronology"},{"id":17472,"name":"Palaeoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeoecology"},{"id":42758,"name":"Mesolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesolithic"},{"id":53132,"name":"Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis"},{"id":78965,"name":"Holocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holocene"},{"id":107083,"name":"Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Method"},{"id":109828,"name":"Fauna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fauna"},{"id":110204,"name":"Dating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dating"},{"id":202702,"name":"Form","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Form"},{"id":500064,"name":"Ploughing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ploughing"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76819840"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76819840/Anthrosols_in_Iron_Age_Shetland_Implications_for_arable_and_economic_activity"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Anthrosols in Iron Age Shetland: Implications for arable and economic activity" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76819840/Anthrosols_in_Iron_Age_Shetland_Implications_for_arable_and_economic_activity">Anthrosols in Iron Age Shetland: Implications for arable and economic activity</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Geoarchaeology</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The soils surrounding three Iron Age settlements on South Mainland, Shetland, were sampled and co...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The soils surrounding three Iron Age settlements on South Mainland, Shetland, were sampled and compared for indicators of soil amendment. Two of the sites (Old Scatness and Jarlshof) were on lower-lying, better-drained, sheltered land; the third (Clevigarth) was in an acid, ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76819840"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76819840"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819840; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819840]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819840]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819840; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76819840']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76819840, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=76819840]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":76819840,"title":"Anthrosols in Iron Age Shetland: Implications for arable and economic activity","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The soils surrounding three Iron Age settlements on South Mainland, Shetland, were sampled and compared for indicators of soil amendment. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76819839"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76819839/Characterizing_anthropic_sediments_in_north_European_Neolithic_settlements_An_assessment_from_Skara_Brae_Orkney"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Characterizing anthropic sediments in north European Neolithic settlements: An assessment from Skara Brae, Orkney" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76819839/Characterizing_anthropic_sediments_in_north_European_Neolithic_settlements_An_assessment_from_Skara_Brae_Orkney">Characterizing anthropic sediments in north European Neolithic settlements: An assessment from Skara Brae, Orkney</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Geoarchaeology</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The creation of anthropic sediments, traditionally referred to under the blanket term midden, thr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The creation of anthropic sediments, traditionally referred to under the blanket term midden, through the utilization of settlement waste materials in domestic settlement construction was first recognized during early excavations at the Orcadian Neolithic site of Skara Brae (VG Childe, 1931a; ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76819839"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76819839"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76819839; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819839]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76819839]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); 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I am particularly interested in how these successes can be reintroduced or reinvented. For example: archaeologists have discovered complex systems for the collection and storage of rainwater for agriculture in the desert, and when reconstructed, these ancient desert farms out-competed the modern ones during extreme drought conditions. In South America, the pre-Columbian people found ways of farming the swamps, making use of fertile lake mud to create hugely productive gardens in punishingly high altitudes. Prehistoric peoples all over the world bred crop varieties to withstand diseases and local climatic extremes, and they found novel ways to improve their agricultural soils to such a degree that, though the people are long-gone, their fields remain rich and fertile to this day. <br /><br />The reintroduction of ancient agricultural systems has been successful in many developing countries, but early approaches can be made even more effective by combining them with modern technology, e.g. by using water harvesting systems together with modern drip irrigation to save water, with solar powered pumps to operate sluices that regulate the flow. Vernacular architecture, which we admire for its beauty, is also important for its capacity to provide natural cooling in summer and warmth in the winter. Green roofs have an ancient history, but they are also an inexpensive way to cool the temperatures of building interiors and even whole cities. They also soak up noise, pollutants and greenhouse gasses while emitting oxygen and bringing a sense of peace to the urban environment. <br /><br />As the climate changes, it is imperative that we come up with new ways of managing our environment. Deserts are spreading, wetlands will expand as sea levels rise, and we will need to feed a growing population. I am not advocating a wholesale return to the past; what I am suggesting is that we combine aspects of early technologies with new systems and inventions such as solar energy, to create a healthier, more sustainable and environmentally richer planet. We already have the technology.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38934425"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38934425"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38934425; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38934425]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38934425]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38934425; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38934425']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38934425, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38934425]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38934425,"title":"Reinventing Sustainability: how archaeology can save the planet","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Many books have been written about the failures of the past, but this is an optimistic book that focuses on past successes. 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