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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nucleosynthesis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nucleosynthesis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Nucleosynthesis subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nucleosynthesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cold_fusion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cold_fusion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Cold fusion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cold_fusion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-208Pb(54Cr,xn)262−xSg_(x=1,2,3)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#208Pb(54Cr,xn)262−xSg_(x=1,2,3)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span><sup>208</sup>Pb(<sup>54</sup>Cr,xn)<sup>262−x</sup>Sg (x=1,2,3)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-208Pb(54Cr,xn)262−xSg_(x=1,2,3)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-207Pb(54Cr,xn)261−xSg_(x=1,2)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#207Pb(54Cr,xn)261−xSg_(x=1,2)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span><sup>207</sup>Pb(<sup>54</sup>Cr,xn)<sup>261−x</sup>Sg (x=1,2)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-207Pb(54Cr,xn)261−xSg_(x=1,2)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-206Pb(54Cr,xn)260−xSg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#206Pb(54Cr,xn)260−xSg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span><sup>206</sup>Pb(<sup>54</sup>Cr,xn)<sup>260−x</sup>Sg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-206Pb(54Cr,xn)260−xSg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-208Pb(52Cr,xn)260−xSg_(x=1,2)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#208Pb(52Cr,xn)260−xSg_(x=1,2)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span><sup>208</sup>Pb(<sup>52</sup>Cr,xn)<sup>260−x</sup>Sg (x=1,2)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-208Pb(52Cr,xn)260−xSg_(x=1,2)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-209Bi(51V,xn)260−xSg_(x=2)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#209Bi(51V,xn)260−xSg_(x=2)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span><sup>209</sup>Bi(<sup>51</sup>V,xn)<sup>260−x</sup>Sg (x=2)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-209Bi(51V,xn)260−xSg_(x=2)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hot_fusion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hot_fusion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Hot fusion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hot_fusion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-238U(30Si,xn)268−xSg_(x=3,4,5,6)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#238U(30Si,xn)268−xSg_(x=3,4,5,6)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span><sup>238</sup>U(<sup>30</sup>Si,xn)<sup>268−x</sup>Sg (x=3,4,5,6)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-238U(30Si,xn)268−xSg_(x=3,4,5,6)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-248Cm(22Ne,xn)270−xSg_(x=4?,5)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#248Cm(22Ne,xn)270−xSg_(x=4?,5)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span><sup>248</sup>Cm(<sup>22</sup>Ne,xn)<sup>270−x</sup>Sg (x=4?,5)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-248Cm(22Ne,xn)270−xSg_(x=4?,5)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-249Cf(18O,xn)267−xSg_(x=4)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#249Cf(18O,xn)267−xSg_(x=4)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span><sup>249</sup>Cf(<sup>18</sup>O,xn)<sup>267−x</sup>Sg (x=4)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-249Cf(18O,xn)267−xSg_(x=4)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decay_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decay_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Decay products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decay_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chronology_of_isotope_discovery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chronology_of_isotope_discovery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Chronology of isotope discovery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chronology_of_isotope_discovery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isomerism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isomerism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Isomerism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Isomerism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Isomerism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Isomerism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-266Sg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#266Sg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span><sup>266</sup>Sg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-266Sg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-265Sg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#265Sg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span><sup>265</sup>Sg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-265Sg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-263Sg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#263Sg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span><sup>263</sup>Sg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-263Sg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spectroscopic_decay_schemes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spectroscopic_decay_schemes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Spectroscopic decay schemes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Spectroscopic_decay_schemes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Spectroscopic decay schemes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Spectroscopic_decay_schemes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-261Sg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#261Sg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span><sup>261</sup>Sg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-261Sg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retracted_isotopes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retracted_isotopes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Retracted isotopes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Retracted_isotopes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Retracted isotopes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Retracted_isotopes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-269Sg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#269Sg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span><sup>269</sup>Sg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-269Sg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemical_yields_of_isotopes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemical_yields_of_isotopes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Chemical yields of isotopes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chemical_yields_of_isotopes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Chemical yields of isotopes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Chemical_yields_of_isotopes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cold_fusion_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cold_fusion_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Cold fusion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cold_fusion_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hot_fusion_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hot_fusion_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Hot fusion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hot_fusion_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Isotopes of seaborgium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope_van_seaborgium" title="Isotope van seaborgium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Isotope van seaborgium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%C3%B2tops_del_seaborgi" title="Isòtops del seaborgi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Isòtops del seaborgi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Сиборги изотопĕсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сиборги изотопĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotopy_seaborgia" title="Izotopy seaborgia – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Izotopy seaborgia" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Is%C3%B3topos_de_seaborgio" title="Anexo:Isótopos de seaborgio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Isótopos de seaborgio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ایزوتوپ‌های سیبورگیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایزوتوپ‌های سیبورگیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_du_seaborgium" title="Isotopes du seaborgium – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Isotopes du seaborgium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%B3%B4%EA%B7%AC_%EB%8F%99%EC%9C%84_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="시보귬 동위 원소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시보귬 동위 원소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop_seaborgium" title="Isotop seaborgium – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Isotop seaborgium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_sziborgium_izot%C3%B3pjai" title="A sziborgium izotópjai – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A sziborgium izotópjai" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopen_van_seaborgium" title="Isotopen van seaborgium – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Isotopen van seaborgium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AE%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0%E3%81%AE%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E4%BD%93" title="シーボーギウムの同位体 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シーボーギウムの同位体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Изотопы сиборгия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Изотопы сиборгия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="𨭎的同位素 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="𨭎的同位素" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">Isotopes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">seaborgium</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<sub>106</sub>Sg)</span></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0; padding: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Main isotopes<sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">Decay</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_abundance" title="Natural abundance">abundance</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>)</span> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay#Types_of_decay" title="Radioactive decay">mode</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Decay_product" title="Decay product">product</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>265</sup>Sg </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_radioisotope" title="Synthetic radioisotope">synth</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000850000000000000♠"></span>8.5 s</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Alpha_decay" title="Alpha decay">α</a></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium-261" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium-261"><sup>261</sup>Rf</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>265m</sup>Sg </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001144000000000000♠"></span>14.4 s</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;">α</span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium-261" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium-261"><sup>261m</sup>Rf</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>267</sup>Sg </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_radioisotope" title="Synthetic radioisotope">synth</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002588000000000000♠"></span>9.8 min</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Alpha_decay" title="Alpha decay">α</a></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium-263" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium-263"><sup>263m</sup>Rf</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>267m</sup>Sg </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠"></span>100 s</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;">SF</span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><sup></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>268</sup>Sg </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001130000000000000♠"></span>13 s</span><sup id="cite_ref-276Ds-2023_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-276Ds-2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;">SF</span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><sup></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>269</sup>Sg </th> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002300000000000000♠"></span>5 min</span><sup id="cite_ref-jinr2024_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jinr2024-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;">α</span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium-265" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium-265"><sup>265</sup>Rf</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;">SF</span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><sup></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>271</sup>Sg </th> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001310000000000000♠"></span>31 s</span><sup id="cite_ref-PuCa2022_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PuCa2022-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;">α</span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;">73%</span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium-267" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium-267"><sup>267</sup>Rf</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;">SF</span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;">27%</span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><sup></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="background: #e8e8e8;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_seaborgium_isotopes" title="Template:Infobox seaborgium isotopes"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_seaborgium_isotopes" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Infobox seaborgium isotopes"><span title="Discuss this template">talk</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_seaborgium_isotopes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox seaborgium isotopes"><span title="Edit this template">edit</span></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Seaborgium</a> (<sub>106</sub>Sg) is a <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_element" title="Synthetic element">synthetic element</a> and so has no <a href="/wiki/Stable_isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Stable isotope">stable isotopes</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight" title="Standard atomic weight">standard atomic weight</a> cannot be given. The first <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotope</a> to be synthesized was <sup>263</sup>Sg in 1974. There are thirteen known <a href="/wiki/Radioisotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioisotope">radioisotopes</a> from <sup>258</sup>Sg to <sup>271</sup>Sg and five known <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_isomer" title="Nuclear isomer">isomers</a> (<sup>259m</sup>Sg, <sup>261m</sup>Sg, <sup>263m</sup>Sg, <sup>265m</sup>Sg, and <sup>267m</sup>Sg). The longest-lived isotopes are <sup>267</sup>Sg with a <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> of 9.8 minutes and <sup>269</sup>Sg with a half-life of 5 minutes. Due to a low number of measurements, and the consequent overlapping measurement uncertainties at the confidence level corresponding to one <a href="/wiki/Standard_deviation" title="Standard deviation">standard deviation</a>, a definite assignment of the most stable isotope cannot be made. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_isotopes">List of isotopes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List of isotopes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Seaborgium-272"></span><span class="anchor" id="Seaborgium-273"></span> </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; white-space: nowrap"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top"> <th rowspan="2">Nuclide<br /><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number"><i>Z</i></a> </th> <th rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Neutron_number" title="Neutron number"><i>N</i></a> </th> <th rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_mass" title="Atomic mass">Isotopic mass</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Dalton_(unit)" title="Dalton (unit)">Da</a>)</span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TMS_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TMS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">Half-life</a><br /> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Decay_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Decay mode">Decay<br />mode</a><br /><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Decay_product" title="Decay product">Daughter<br />isotope</a><br /> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spin_(particle_physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin (particle physics)">Spin</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Parity_(physics)#Nuclei" title="Parity (physics)">parity</a><br /><sup id="cite_ref-TNN_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNN-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Excitation energy<sup id="cite_ref-TNN_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNN-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-258"> <td><sup>258</sup>Sg<sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">106 </td> <td style="text-align:right">152 </td> <td>258.11298(44)# </td> <td>2.7(5) ms<br />[<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997260000000000000♠"></span>2.6<span style="margin-left:0.3em;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right;">+0.6<br />−0.4</span></span> ms</span>] </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_fission" title="Spontaneous fission">SF</a> </td> <td>(various) </td> <td>0+ </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><sup>259</sup>Sg<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">106 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">153 </td> <td rowspan="3">259.11440(13)# </td> <td rowspan="3">402(56) ms </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alpha_decay" title="Alpha decay">α</a> </td> <td><sup>255</sup>Rf </td> <td rowspan="3">(11/2−) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beta_decay" title="Beta decay">β<sup>+</sup></a> (<1%) </td> <td><sup>259</sup>Db </td></tr> <tr> <td>SF (rare) </td> <td>(various) </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-259m"> <td rowspan="3" style="text-indent:1em"><sup>259m</sup>Sg </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">87 keV </td> <td rowspan="3">226(27) ms </td> <td>α (97%) </td> <td><sup>261</sup>Sg </td> <td rowspan="3">(1/2+) </td></tr> <tr> <td>SF (3%) </td> <td>(various) </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>+</sup> (<1%) </td> <td><sup>259</sup>Db </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><sup>260</sup>Sg<sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">106 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">154 </td> <td rowspan="2">260.114384(22) </td> <td rowspan="2">4.95(33) ms </td> <td>SF (71%) </td> <td>(various) </td> <td rowspan="2">0+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>α (29%) </td> <td><sup>256</sup>Rf </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-261"> <td rowspan="3"><sup>261</sup>Sg<sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">106 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right">155 </td> <td rowspan="3">261.115949(20) </td> <td rowspan="3">183(5) ms </td> <td>α (98.1%) </td> <td><sup>257</sup>Rf </td> <td rowspan="3">(3/2+) </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>+</sup> (1.3%) </td> <td><sup>261</sup>Db </td></tr> <tr> <td>SF (0.6%) </td> <td>(various) </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-261m"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>261m</sup>Sg </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">100(50)# keV </td> <td>9.3(1.8) μs<br />[<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6994900000000000000♠"></span>9.0<span style="margin-left:0.3em;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right;">+2.0<br />−1.5</span></span> μs</span>] </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isomeric_transition" class="mw-redirect" title="Isomeric transition">IT</a> </td> <td><sup>261</sup>Sg </td> <td>7/2+# </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><sup>262</sup>Sg<sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">106 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">156 </td> <td rowspan="2">262.11634(4) </td> <td rowspan="2">10.3(1.7) ms </td> <td>SF (94%) </td> <td>(various) </td> <td rowspan="2">0+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>α (6%) </td> <td><sup>258</sup>Rf </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><sup>263</sup>Sg<sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">106 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">157 </td> <td rowspan="2">263.11829(10)# </td> <td rowspan="2">940(140) ms </td> <td>α (87%) </td> <td><sup>259</sup>Rf </td> <td rowspan="2">9/2+# </td></tr> <tr> <td>SF (13%) </td> <td>(various) </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-263m"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>263m</sup>Sg </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">51(19)# keV </td> <td>420(100) ms </td> <td>α </td> <td><sup>259</sup>Rf </td> <td>3/2+# </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-264"> <td><sup>264</sup>Sg </td> <td style="text-align:right">106 </td> <td style="text-align:right">158 </td> <td>264.11893(30)# </td> <td>37 ms </td> <td>SF </td> <td>(various) </td> <td>0+ </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-265"> <td><sup>265</sup>Sg<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">106 </td> <td style="text-align:right">159 </td> <td>265.12109(13)# </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000850000000000000♠"></span>8.5<span style="margin-left:0.3em;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right;">+2.6<br />−1.6</span></span> s</span> </td> <td>α </td> <td><sup>261</sup>Rf </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-265m"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>265m</sup>Sg </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em"> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001144000000000000♠"></span>14.4<span style="margin-left:0.3em;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right;">+3.7<br />−2.5</span></span> s</span> </td> <td>α </td> <td><sup>261m</sup>Rf </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-266"> <td><sup>266</sup>Sg<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">106 </td> <td style="text-align:right">160 </td> <td>266.12198(26)# </td> <td>390(110) ms </td> <td>SF </td> <td>(various) </td> <td>0+ </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-267"> <td><sup>267</sup>Sg<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ds2024_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ds2024-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">106 </td> <td style="text-align:right">161 </td> <td>267.12436(30)# </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002588000000000000♠"></span>9.8<span style="margin-left:0.3em;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right;">+11.3<br />−4.5</span></span> min</span> </td> <td>α </td> <td><sup>263m</sup>Rf </td> <td>9/2# </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-267m"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>267m</sup>Sg<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ds2024_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ds2024-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">110 keV# </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠"></span>100<span style="margin-left:0.3em;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right;">+92<br />−39</span></span> s</span> </td> <td>SF </td> <td>(various) </td> <td>1/2# </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-268"> <td><sup>268</sup>Sg<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-276Ds-2023_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-276Ds-2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">106 </td> <td style="text-align:right">162 </td> <td>268.12539(50)# </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001130000000000000♠"></span>13<span style="margin-left:0.3em;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right;">+17<br />−4</span></span> s</span> </td> <td>SF </td> <td>(various) </td> <td>0+ </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-269"> <td rowspan="2"><sup>269</sup>Sg<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">106 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">163 </td> <td rowspan="2">269.12863(39)# </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002300000000000000♠"></span>5(2) min</span><sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>α </td> <td><sup>265</sup>Rf </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SF<sup id="cite_ref-jinr2024_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jinr2024-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>(various) </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-271"> <td rowspan="2"><sup>271</sup>Sg<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">106 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">165 </td> <td rowspan="2">271.13393(63)# </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001310000000000000♠"></span>31<span style="margin-left:0.3em;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right;">+13<br />−7</span></span> s</span><sup id="cite_ref-PuCa2022_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PuCa2022-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>α (73%) </td> <td><sup>267</sup>Rf </td> <td rowspan="2">3/2+# </td></tr> <tr> <td>SF (27%) </td> <td>(various) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="20" style="text-align:right; line-height:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><i>This table header & footer:</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Isotopes_table" title="Template:Isotopes table"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li></ul></div></span> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup>m</sup>Sg –  Excited <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_isomer" title="Nuclear isomer">nuclear isomer</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">( ) –  Uncertainty (1<i>σ</i>) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TMS-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TMS_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"># –  Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Modes of decay: <table style="margin-left:1.5em;"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.1em; vertical-align: top"> <td>SF:</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_fission" title="Spontaneous fission">Spontaneous fission</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TNN-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TNN_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNN_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"># –  Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not directly synthesized, occurs as <a href="/wiki/Decay_product" title="Decay product">decay product</a> of <sup>270</sup>Hs</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not directly synthesized, occurs as decay product of <sup>271</sup>Hs</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not directly synthesized, occurs as decay product of <sup>275</sup>Ds</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not directly synthesized, occurs as decay product of <sup>276</sup>Ds</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not directly synthesized, occurs in the decay chain of <sup>285</sup>Fl</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not directly synthesized, occurs in the decay chain of <sup>287</sup>Fl</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nucleosynthesis">Nucleosynthesis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nucleosynthesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Target</th> <th>Projectile</th> <th>CN</th> <th>Attempt result </th></tr> <tr> <th><sup>208</sup>Pb </th> <td><sup>54</sup>Cr</td> <td><sup>262</sup>Sg</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful reaction </td></tr> <tr> <th><sup>207</sup>Pb </th> <td><sup>54</sup>Cr</td> <td><sup>261</sup>Sg</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful reaction </td></tr> <tr> <th><sup>206</sup>Pb </th> <td><sup>54</sup>Cr</td> <td><sup>260</sup>Sg</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Failure to date </td></tr> <tr> <th><sup>208</sup>Pb </th> <td><sup>52</sup>Cr</td> <td><sup>260</sup>Sg</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful reaction </td></tr> <tr> <th><sup>209</sup>Bi </th> <td><sup>51</sup>V</td> <td><sup>260</sup>Sg</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful reaction </td></tr> <tr> <th><sup>238</sup>U </th> <td><sup>30</sup>Si</td> <td><sup>268</sup>Sg</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful reaction </td></tr> <tr> <th><sup>244</sup>Pu </th> <td><sup>26</sup>Mg</td> <td><sup>270</sup>Sg</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">Reaction yet to be attempted </td></tr> <tr> <th><sup>248</sup>Cm </th> <td><sup>22</sup>Ne</td> <td><sup>270</sup>Sg</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful reaction </td></tr> <tr> <th><sup>249</sup>Cf </th> <td><sup>18</sup>O</td> <td><sup>267</sup>Sg</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Successful reaction </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold_fusion">Cold fusion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cold fusion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>This section deals with the synthesis of nuclei of seaborgium by so-called "cold" fusion reactions. These are processes that create compound nuclei at low excitation energy (~10–20 MeV, hence "cold"), leading to a higher probability of survival from fission. The excited nucleus then decays to the ground state via the emission of one or two neutrons only.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="208Pb(54Cr,xn)262−xSg_(x=1,2,3)"><span id="208Pb.2854Cr.2Cxn.29262.E2.88.92xSg_.28x.3D1.2C2.2C3.29"></span><sup>208</sup>Pb(<sup>54</sup>Cr,xn)<sup>262−x</sup>Sg (x=1,2,3)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 208Pb(54Cr,xn)262−xSg (x=1,2,3)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first attempt to synthesise seaborgium in cold fusion reactions was performed in September 1974 by a <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> team led by <a href="/wiki/Georgii_Flerov" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgii Flerov">G. N. Flerov</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Institute_for_Nuclear_Research" title="Joint Institute for Nuclear Research">Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dubna" title="Dubna">Dubna</a>. They reported producing a 0.48 s spontaneous fission (SF) activity, which they assigned to the isotope <sup>259</sup>Sg. Based on later evidence it was suggested that the team most likely measured the decay of <sup>260</sup>Sg and its daughter <sup>256</sup>Rf. The TWG concluded that, at the time, the results were insufficiently convincing.<sup id="cite_ref-93TWG_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93TWG-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dubna team revisited this problem in 1983–1984 and were able to detect a 5 ms SF activity assigned directly to <sup>260</sup>Sg.<sup id="cite_ref-93TWG_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93TWG-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The team at GSI studied this reaction for the first time in 1985 using the improved method of correlation of genetic parent-daughter decays. They were able to detect <sup>261</sup>Sg (x=1) and <sup>260</sup>Sg and measured a partial 1n neutron evaporation excitation function.<sup id="cite_ref-85Mu02_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85Mu02-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2000, the reaction was studied by a team at <a href="/wiki/GANIL" class="mw-redirect" title="GANIL">GANIL</a>, France; they were able to detect 10 atoms of <sup>261</sup>Sg and 2 atoms of <sup>260</sup>Sg to add to previous data on the reaction. </p><p>After a facility upgrade, the GSI team measured the 1n excitation function in 2003 using a metallic lead target. Of significance, in May 2003, the team successfully replaced the lead-208 target with more resistant <a href="/wiki/Lead(II)_sulfide" title="Lead(II) sulfide">lead(II) sulfide</a> targets (PbS), which will allow more intense beams to be used in the future. They were able to measure the 1n,2n and 3n excitation functions and performed the first detailed alpha-gamma spectroscopy on the isotope <sup>261</sup>Sg. They detected ~1600 atoms of the isotope and identified new alpha lines as well as measuring a more accurate half-life and new EC and SF branchings. Furthermore, they were able to detect the K X-rays from the daughter <a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">rutherfordium</a> isotope for the first time. They were also able to provide improved data for <sup>260</sup>Sg, including the tentative observation of an isomeric level. The study was continued in September 2005 and March 2006. The accumulated work on <sup>261</sup>Sg was published in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Work in September 2005 also aimed to begin spectroscopic studies on <sup>260</sup>Sg. </p><p>The team at the LBNL recently restudied this reaction in an effort to look at the spectroscopy of the isotope <sup>261</sup>Sg. They were able to detect a new isomer, <sup>261m</sup>Sg, decaying by internal conversion into the <a href="/wiki/Ground_state" title="Ground state">ground state</a>. In the same experiment, they were also able to confirm a K-isomer in the daughter <sup>257</sup>Rf, namely <sup>257m2</sup>Rf.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="207Pb(54Cr,xn)261−xSg_(x=1,2)"><span id="207Pb.2854Cr.2Cxn.29261.E2.88.92xSg_.28x.3D1.2C2.29"></span><sup>207</sup>Pb(<sup>54</sup>Cr,xn)<sup>261−x</sup>Sg (x=1,2)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 207Pb(54Cr,xn)261−xSg (x=1,2)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The team at Dubna also studied this reaction in 1974 with identical results as for their first experiments with a lead-208 target. The SF activities were first assigned to <sup>259</sup>Sg and later to <sup>260</sup>Sg and/or <sup>256</sup>Rf. Further work in 1983–1984 also detected a 5 ms SF activity assigned to the parent <sup>260</sup>Sg.<sup id="cite_ref-93TWG_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93TWG-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The GSI team studied this reaction for the first time in 1985 using the method of correlation of genetic parent-daughter decays. They were able to positively identify <sup>259</sup>Sg as a product from the 2n neutron evaporation channel.<sup id="cite_ref-85Mu02_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85Mu02-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reaction was further used in March 2005 using PbS targets to begin a spectroscopic study of the even-even isotope <sup>260</sup>Sg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="206Pb(54Cr,xn)260−xSg"><span id="206Pb.2854Cr.2Cxn.29260.E2.88.92xSg"></span><sup>206</sup>Pb(<sup>54</sup>Cr,xn)<sup>260−x</sup>Sg</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 206Pb(54Cr,xn)260−xSg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This reaction was studied in 1974 by the team at Dubna. It was used to assist them in their assignment of the observed SF activities in reactions using Pb-207 and Pb-208 targets. They were unable to detect any SF, indicating the formation of isotopes decaying primarily by alpha decay.<sup id="cite_ref-93TWG_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93TWG-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="208Pb(52Cr,xn)260−xSg_(x=1,2)"><span id="208Pb.2852Cr.2Cxn.29260.E2.88.92xSg_.28x.3D1.2C2.29"></span><sup>208</sup>Pb(<sup>52</sup>Cr,xn)<sup>260−x</sup>Sg (x=1,2)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 208Pb(52Cr,xn)260−xSg (x=1,2)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The team at Dubna also studied this reaction in their series of cold fusion reactions performed in 1974. Once again they were unable to detect any SF activities.<sup id="cite_ref-93TWG_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93TWG-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reaction was revisited in 2006 by the team at LBNL as part of their studies on the effect of the isospin of the projectile and hence the mass number of the compound nucleus on the yield of evaporation residues. They were able to identify <sup>259</sup>Sg and <sup>258</sup>Sg in their measurement of the 1n excitation function.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="209Bi(51V,xn)260−xSg_(x=2)"><span id="209Bi.2851V.2Cxn.29260.E2.88.92xSg_.28x.3D2.29"></span><sup>209</sup>Bi(<sup>51</sup>V,xn)<sup>260−x</sup>Sg (x=2)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 209Bi(51V,xn)260−xSg (x=2)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The team at Dubna also studied this reaction in their series of cold fusion reactions performed in 1974. Once again they were unable to detect any SF activities.<sup id="cite_ref-93TWG_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93TWG-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1994, the synthesis of seaborgium was revisited using this reaction by the GSI team, in order to study the new even-even isotope <sup>258</sup>Sg. Ten atoms of <sup>258</sup>Sg were detected and decayed by spontaneous fission. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hot_fusion">Hot fusion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hot fusion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>This section deals with the synthesis of nuclei of seaborgium by so-called "hot" fusion reactions. These are processes that create compound nuclei at high excitation energy (~40–50 MeV, hence "hot"), leading to a reduced probability of survival from fission and quasi-fission. The excited nucleus then decays to the ground state via the emission of 3–5 neutrons.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="238U(30Si,xn)268−xSg_(x=3,4,5,6)"><span id="238U.2830Si.2Cxn.29268.E2.88.92xSg_.28x.3D3.2C4.2C5.2C6.29"></span><sup>238</sup>U(<sup>30</sup>Si,xn)<sup>268−x</sup>Sg (x=3,4,5,6)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 238U(30Si,xn)268−xSg (x=3,4,5,6)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This reaction was first studied by Japanese scientists at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) in 1998. They detected a <a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_fission" title="Spontaneous fission">spontaneous fission</a> activity, which they tentatively assigned to the new isotope <sup>264</sup>Sg or <sup>263</sup>Db, formed by EC of <sup>263</sup>Sg.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, the teams at GSI and LBNL both studied this reaction using the method of correlation of genetic parent-daughter decays. The LBNL team measured an excitation function for the 4n,5n and 6n channels, whilst the GSI team were able to observe an additional 3n activity.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both teams were able to identify the new isotope <sup>264</sup>Sg, which decayed with a short lifetime by <a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_fission" title="Spontaneous fission">spontaneous fission</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="248Cm(22Ne,xn)270−xSg_(x=4?,5)"><span id="248Cm.2822Ne.2Cxn.29270.E2.88.92xSg_.28x.3D4.3F.2C5.29"></span><sup>248</sup>Cm(<sup>22</sup>Ne,xn)<sup>270−x</sup>Sg (x=4?,5)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 248Cm(22Ne,xn)270−xSg (x=4?,5)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1993, at Dubna, Yuri Lazarev and his team announced the discovery of long-lived <sup>266</sup>Sg and <sup>265</sup>Sg produced in the 4n and 5n channels of this nuclear reaction following the search for seaborgium isotopes suitable for a first chemical study. It was announced that <sup>266</sup>Sg decayed by 8.57 MeV alpha-particle emission with a projected half-life of ~20 s, lending strong support to the stabilising effect of the <i>Z</i> = 108, <i>N</i> = 162 closed shells.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This reaction was studied further in 1997 by a team at GSI and the yield, decay mode and half-lives for <sup>266</sup>Sg and <sup>265</sup>Sg have been confirmed, although there are still some discrepancies. In the synthesis of <sup>270</sup>Hs (see <a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">hassium</a>), <sup>266</sup>Sg was found to undergo exclusively SF with a short half-life (T<sub>SF</sub> = 360 ms). It is possible that this is the ground state, (<sup>266g</sup>Sg) and that the other activity, produced directly, belongs to a high spin K-isomer, <sup>266m</sup>Sg, but further results are required to confirm this. </p><p>A recent re-evaluation of the decay characteristics of <sup>265</sup>Sg and <sup>266</sup>Sg has suggested that all decays to date in this reaction were in fact from <sup>265</sup>Sg, which exists in two isomeric forms. The first, <sup>265a</sup>Sg has a principal alpha-line at 8.85 MeV and a calculated half-life of 8.9 s, while <sup>265b</sup>Sg has a decay energy of 8.70 MeV and a half-life of 16.2 s. Both isomeric levels are populated when produced directly. Data from the decay of <sup>269</sup>Hs indicates that <sup>265b</sup>Sg is produced during the decay of <sup>269</sup>Hs and that <sup>265b</sup>Sg decays into the shorter-lived <sup>261g</sup>Rf isotope. This contradicts the assignment of the long-lived alpha activity to <sup>266</sup>Sg, instead suggesting that <sup>266</sup>Sg undergoes fission in a short time. </p><p>Regardless of these assignments, the reaction has been successfully used in the recent attempts to study the chemistry of seaborgium (see below). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="249Cf(18O,xn)267−xSg_(x=4)"><span id="249Cf.2818O.2Cxn.29267.E2.88.92xSg_.28x.3D4.29"></span><sup>249</sup>Cf(<sup>18</sup>O,xn)<sup>267−x</sup>Sg (x=4)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 249Cf(18O,xn)267−xSg (x=4)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The synthesis of seaborgium was first realized in 1974 by the LBNL/LLNL team.<sup id="cite_ref-Ghiorso74_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghiorso74-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In their discovery experiment, they were able to apply the new method of correlation of genetic parent-daughter decays to identify the new isotope <sup>263</sup>Sg. In 1975, the team at Oak Ridge were able to confirm the decay data but were unable to identify coincident X-rays in order to prove that seaborgium was produced. In 1979, the team at Dubna studied the reaction by detection of SF activities. In comparison with data from Berkeley, they calculated a 70% SF branching for <sup>263</sup>Sg. The original synthesis and discovery reaction was confirmed in 1994 by a different team at LBNL.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decay_products">Decay products</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Decay products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Isotopes of seaborgium have also been observed in the decay of heavier elements. Observations to date are summarised in the table below: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Evaporation Residue </th> <th>Observed Sg isotope </th></tr> <tr> <td><sup>291</sup>Lv, <sup>287</sup>Fl, <sup>283</sup>Cn </td> <td><sup>271</sup>Sg </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>285</sup>Fl </td> <td><sup>269</sup>Sg </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>276</sup>Ds, <sup>272</sup>Hs </td> <td><sup>268</sup>Sg </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>275</sup>Ds, <sup>271</sup>Hs </td> <td><sup>267</sup>Sg </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>270</sup>Hs </td> <td><sup>266</sup>Sg </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>277</sup>Cn, <sup>273</sup>Ds, <sup>269</sup>Hs </td> <td><sup>265</sup>Sg </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>271</sup>Ds, <sup>267</sup>Hs </td> <td><sup>263</sup>Sg </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>270</sup>Ds </td> <td><sup>262</sup>Sg </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>269</sup>Ds, <sup>265</sup>Hs </td> <td><sup>261</sup>Sg </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>264</sup>Hs </td> <td><sup>260</sup>Sg </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chronology_of_isotope_discovery">Chronology of isotope discovery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Chronology of isotope discovery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Isotope </th> <th>Year discovered </th> <th>discovery reaction </th></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-258"> <td><sup>258</sup>Sg </td> <td>1994 </td> <td><sup>209</sup>Bi(<sup>51</sup>V,2n) </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-259"> <td><sup>259</sup>Sg </td> <td>1985 </td> <td><sup>207</sup>Pb(<sup>54</sup>Cr,2n) </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-260"> <td><sup>260</sup>Sg </td> <td>1985 </td> <td><sup>208</sup>Pb(<sup>54</sup>Cr,2n) </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>261g</sup>Sg </td> <td>1985 </td> <td><sup>208</sup>Pb(<sup>54</sup>Cr,n) </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>261m</sup>Sg </td> <td>2009 </td> <td><sup>208</sup>Pb(<sup>54</sup>Cr,n) </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-262"> <td><sup>262</sup>Sg </td> <td>2001 </td> <td><sup>207</sup>Pb(<sup>64</sup>Ni,n) </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-263"> <td><sup>263</sup>Sg<sup>m</sup> </td> <td>1974 </td> <td><sup>249</sup>Cf(<sup>18</sup>O,4n)<sup id="cite_ref-Ghiorso74_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghiorso74-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-263"> <td><sup>263</sup>Sg<sup>g</sup> </td> <td>1994 </td> <td><sup>208</sup>Pb(<sup>64</sup>Ni,n) </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-264"> <td><sup>264</sup>Sg </td> <td>2006 </td> <td><sup>238</sup>U(<sup>30</sup>Si,4n) </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-265"> <td><sup>265</sup>Sg<sup>a, b</sup> </td> <td>1993 </td> <td><sup>248</sup>Cm(<sup>22</sup>Ne,5n) </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-266"> <td><sup>266</sup>Sg </td> <td>2004 </td> <td><sup>248</sup>Cm(<sup>26</sup>Mg,4n) </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-267"> <td><sup>267</sup>Sg </td> <td>2004 </td> <td><sup>248</sup>Cm(<sup>26</sup>Mg,3n) </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>267m</sup>Sg </td> <td>2024 </td> <td><sup>232</sup>Th(<sup>48</sup>Ca,5n) </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-268"> <td><sup>268</sup>Sg </td> <td>2022 </td> <td><sup>232</sup>Th(<sup>48</sup>Ca,4n)<sup id="cite_ref-276Ds-2023_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-276Ds-2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-269"> <td><sup>269</sup>Sg </td> <td>2010 </td> <td><sup>242</sup>Pu(<sup>48</sup>Ca,5n) </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-270"> <td><sup>270</sup>Sg </td> <td>unknown </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Seaborgium-271"> <td><sup>271</sup>Sg </td> <td>2003 </td> <td><sup>242</sup>Pu(<sup>48</sup>Ca,3n) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isomerism">Isomerism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Isomerism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="266Sg"><sup>266</sup>Sg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 266Sg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initial work identified an 8.63 MeV alpha-decaying activity with a half-life of ~21 s and assigned to the ground state of <sup>266</sup>Sg. Later work identified a nuclide decaying by 8.52 and 8.77 MeV alpha emission with a half-life of ~21 s, which is unusual for an even-even nuclide. Recent work on the synthesis of <sup>270</sup>Hs identified <sup>266</sup>Sg decaying by SF with a short 360 ms half-life. The recent work on <sup>277</sup>Cn and <sup>269</sup>Hs has provided new information on the decay of <sup>265</sup>Sg and <sup>261</sup>Rf. This work suggested that the initial 8.77 MeV activity should be reassigned to <sup>265</sup>Sg. Therefore, the current information suggests that the SF activity is the ground state and the 8.52 MeV activity is a high spin K-isomer. Further work is required to confirm these assignments. A recent re-evaluation of the data has suggested that the 8.52 MeV activity should be associated with <sup>265</sup>Sg and that <sup>266</sup>Sg only undergoes fission. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="265Sg"><sup>265</sup>Sg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 265Sg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The recent direct synthesis of <sup>265</sup>Sg resulted in four alpha-lines at 8.94, 8.84, 8.76 and 8.69 MeV with a half-life of 7.4 seconds. The observation of the decay of <sup>265</sup>Sg from the decay of <sup>277</sup>Cn and <sup>269</sup>Hs indicated that the 8.69 MeV line may be associated with an isomeric level with an associated half-life of ~ 20 s. It is plausible that this level is causing confusion between assignments of <sup>266</sup>Sg and <sup>265</sup>Sg since both can decay to fissioning rutherfordium isotopes. </p><p>A recent re-evaluation of the data has indicated that there are indeed two isomers, one with a principal decay energy of 8.85 MeV with a half-life of 8.9 s, and a second isomer that decays with energy 8.70 MeV with a half-life of 16.2 s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="263Sg"><sup>263</sup>Sg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 263Sg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The discovery synthesis of <sup>263</sup>Sg resulted in an alpha-line at 9.06 MeV.<sup id="cite_ref-Ghiorso74_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghiorso74-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Observation of this nuclide by decay of <sup>271g</sup>Ds,<sup>271m</sup>Ds and <sup>267</sup>Hs has confirmed an isomer decaying by 9.25 MeV alpha emission. The 9.06 MeV decay was also confirmed. The 9.06 MeV activity has been assigned to the ground state isomer with an associated half-life of 0.3 s. The 9.25 MeV activity has been assigned to an isomeric level decaying with a half-life of 0.9 s. </p><p>Recent work on the synthesis of <sup>271g,m</sup>Ds was resulted in some confusing data regarding the decay of <sup>267</sup>Hs. In one such decay, <sup>267</sup>Hs decayed to <sup>263</sup>Sg, which decayed by alpha emission with a half-life of ~ 6 s. This activity has not yet been positively assigned to an isomer and further research is required. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spectroscopic_decay_schemes">Spectroscopic decay schemes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Spectroscopic decay schemes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="261Sg"><sup>261</sup>Sg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 261Sg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:261Sg_decay_scheme_2006.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/261Sg_decay_scheme_2006.png/325px-261Sg_decay_scheme_2006.png" decoding="async" width="325" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/261Sg_decay_scheme_2006.png/488px-261Sg_decay_scheme_2006.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/261Sg_decay_scheme_2006.png/650px-261Sg_decay_scheme_2006.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="822" /></a><figcaption>This is the currently accepted decay scheme for <sup>261</sup>Sg from the study by Streicher et al. at GSI in 2003–2006</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retracted_isotopes">Retracted isotopes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Retracted isotopes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="269Sg"><sup>269</sup>Sg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 269Sg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the claimed synthesis of <sup>293</sup>Og in 1999 the isotope <sup>269</sup>Sg was identified as a daughter product. It decayed by 8.74 MeV alpha emission with a half-life of 22 s. The claim was retracted in 2001. This isotope was finally created in 2010. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemical_yields_of_isotopes">Chemical yields of isotopes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Chemical yields of isotopes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold_fusion_2">Cold fusion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Cold fusion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The table below provides cross-sections and excitation energies for cold fusion reactions producing seaborgium isotopes directly. Data in bold represents maxima derived from excitation function measurements. + represents an observed exit channel. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Projectile </th> <th>Target </th> <th>CN </th> <th>1n </th> <th>2n </th> <th>3n </th></tr> <tr> <td><sup>54</sup>Cr </td> <td><sup>207</sup>Pb </td> <td><sup>261</sup>Sg </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>54</sup>Cr </td> <td><sup>208</sup>Pb </td> <td><sup>262</sup>Sg </td> <td><b>4.23 nb, 13.0 MeV</b> </td> <td><b>500 pb</b> </td> <td>10 pb </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>51</sup>V </td> <td><sup>209</sup>Bi </td> <td><sup>260</sup>Sg </td> <td> </td> <td><b>38 pb, 21.5 MeV</b> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>52</sup>Cr </td> <td><sup>208</sup>Pb </td> <td><sup>260</sup>Sg </td> <td><b>281 pb, 11.0 MeV</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hot_fusion_2">Hot fusion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Hot fusion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The table below provides cross-sections and excitation energies for hot fusion reactions producing seaborgium isotopes directly. Data in bold represents maxima derived from excitation function measurements. + represents an observed exit channel. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Projectile </th> <th>Target </th> <th>CN </th> <th>3n </th> <th>4n </th> <th>5n </th> <th>6n </th></tr> <tr> <td><sup>30</sup>Si </td> <td><sup>238</sup>U </td> <td><sup>268</sup>Sg </td> <td>+ </td> <td>9 pb, 40.0 </td> <td><b>~ 80 pb, 51.0 MeV</b> </td> <td><b>~30 pb, 58.0 MeV</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>22</sup>Ne </td> <td><sup>248</sup>Cm </td> <td><sup>270</sup>Sg </td> <td> </td> <td>~25 pb </td> <td>~250 pb </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>18</sup>O </td> <td><sup>249</sup>Cf </td> <td><sup>267</sup>Sg </td> <td> </td> <td>+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_seaborgium&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NUBASE2020-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKondevWangHuangNaimi2021" class="citation journal cs1">Kondev, F. 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(ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></i> (85th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Boca_Raton,_Florida" title="Boca Raton, Florida">Boca Raton, Florida</a>: <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-0485-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-0485-9"><bdi>978-0-8493-0485-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=11.+Table+of+the+Isotopes&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.edition=85th&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-0485-9&rft.aulast=Holden&rft.aufirst=Norman+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+seaborgium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGSI2011" class="citation web cs1">GSI (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tan11.jinr.ru/pdf/08_Sep/S_1/01_Duellmann.pdf">"Superheavy Element Research at GSI"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. GSI<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Superheavy+Element+Research+at+GSI&rft.pub=GSI&rft.date=2011&rft.au=GSI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftan11.jinr.ru%2Fpdf%2F08_Sep%2FS_1%2F01_Duellmann.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+seaborgium" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Isotopes_of_the_chemical_elements" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_element_isotopes" title="Template:Navbox element isotopes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_element_isotopes" title="Template talk:Navbox element isotopes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_element_isotopes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox element isotopes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Isotopes_of_the_chemical_elements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">Isotopes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical elements</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:110%;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="border-spacing:1px;display:block;overflow:auto;width:100%;margin:0 !important"> <tbody><tr style="line-height:125%; vertical-align:top;"> <th style="text-align:right; width:3%; background:transparent"><small><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">Group</a></small> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">1</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">2</a> </th> <td style="width:2%">  </td> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_3_element" title="Group 3 element">3</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element">4</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" title="Group 5 element">5</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" title="Group 6 element">6</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">7</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" title="Group 8 element">8</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" title="Group 9 element">9</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" title="Group 10 element">10</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" title="Group 11 element">11</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" title="Group 12 element">12</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">13</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" title="Carbon group">14</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen">15</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">16</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">18</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; line-height:125%; vertical-align:top;"> <th style="text-align:left; vertical-align:bottom; background:transparent"><small><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table)">Period</a></small> </th> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;">Hydrogen and<br />alkali metals </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;">Alkaline<br />earth metals </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;">Pnictogens </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;">Chalcogens </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;">Halogens </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;">Noble gases </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ①" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" title="Period 1 element">①</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hydrogen" title="Isotopes of hydrogen">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hydrogen#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of hydrogen">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">H</a></b></div>1 </td> <td colspan="17"> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_helium" title="Isotopes of helium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_helium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of helium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a></b></div>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ②" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" title="Period 2 element">②</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lithium" title="Isotopes of lithium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lithium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lithium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a></b></div>3 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_beryllium" title="Isotopes of beryllium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_beryllium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of beryllium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a></b></div>4 </td> <td colspan="11"> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_boron" title="Isotopes of boron">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_boron#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of boron">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a></b></div>5 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_carbon" title="Isotopes of carbon">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_carbon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of carbon">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a></b></div>6 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nitrogen" title="Isotopes of nitrogen">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nitrogen#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of nitrogen">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a></b></div>7 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_oxygen" title="Isotopes of oxygen">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_oxygen#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of oxygen">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O</a></b></div>8 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_fluorine" title="Isotopes of fluorine">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_fluorine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of fluorine">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">F</a></b></div>9 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neon" title="Isotopes of neon">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of neon">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a></b></div>10 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ③" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" title="Period 3 element">③</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_sodium" title="Isotopes of sodium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_sodium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of sodium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Na</a></b></div>11 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_magnesium" title="Isotopes of magnesium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_magnesium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of magnesium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a></b></div>12 </td> <td colspan="11"> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_aluminium" title="Isotopes of aluminium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_aluminium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of aluminium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a></b></div>13 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_silicon" title="Isotopes of silicon">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_silicon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of silicon">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Si</a></b></div>14 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_phosphorus" title="Isotopes of phosphorus">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_phosphorus#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of phosphorus">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">P</a></b></div>15 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_sulfur" title="Isotopes of sulfur">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_sulfur#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of sulfur">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">S</a></b></div>16 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_chlorine" title="Isotopes of chlorine">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_chlorine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of chlorine">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl</a></b></div>17 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_argon" title="Isotopes of argon">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_argon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of argon">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a></b></div>18 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ④" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" title="Period 4 element">④</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_potassium" title="Isotopes of potassium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_potassium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of potassium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">K</a></b></div>19 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_calcium" title="Isotopes of calcium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_calcium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of calcium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a></b></div>20 </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_scandium" title="Isotopes of scandium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_scandium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of scandium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a></b></div>21 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_titanium" title="Isotopes of titanium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_titanium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of titanium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a></b></div>22 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_vanadium" title="Isotopes of vanadium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_vanadium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of vanadium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a></b></div>23 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_chromium" title="Isotopes of chromium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_chromium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of chromium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Cr</a></b></div>24 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_manganese" title="Isotopes of manganese">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_manganese#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of manganese">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a></b></div>25 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iron" title="Isotopes of iron">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iron#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of iron">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Fe</a></b></div>26 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cobalt" title="Isotopes of cobalt">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cobalt#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of cobalt">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a></b></div>27 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nickel" title="Isotopes of nickel">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nickel#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of nickel">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a></b></div>28 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_copper" title="Isotopes of copper">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_copper#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of copper">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Cu</a></b></div>29 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_zinc" title="Isotopes of zinc">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_zinc#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of zinc">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a></b></div>30 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gallium" title="Isotopes of gallium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gallium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of gallium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a></b></div>31 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_germanium" title="Isotopes of germanium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_germanium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of germanium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a></b></div>32 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_arsenic" title="Isotopes of arsenic">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_arsenic#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of arsenic">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">As</a></b></div>33 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_selenium" title="Isotopes of selenium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_selenium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of selenium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a></b></div>34 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bromine" title="Isotopes of bromine">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bromine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of bromine">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Br</a></b></div>35 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_krypton" title="Isotopes of krypton">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_krypton#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of krypton">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a></b></div>36 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ⑤" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">⑤</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rubidium" title="Isotopes of rubidium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rubidium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of rubidium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a></b></div>37 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_strontium" title="Isotopes of strontium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_strontium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of strontium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a></b></div>38 </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_yttrium" title="Isotopes of yttrium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_yttrium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of yttrium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a></b></div>39 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_zirconium" title="Isotopes of zirconium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_zirconium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of zirconium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a></b></div>40 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_niobium" title="Isotopes of niobium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_niobium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of niobium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a></b></div>41 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_molybdenum" title="Isotopes of molybdenum">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_molybdenum#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of molybdenum">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Mo</a></b></div>42 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_technetium" title="Isotopes of technetium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_technetium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of technetium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a></b></div>43 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ruthenium" title="Isotopes of ruthenium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ruthenium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of ruthenium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a></b></div>44 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rhodium" title="Isotopes of rhodium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rhodium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of rhodium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a></b></div>45 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_palladium" title="Isotopes of palladium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_palladium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of palladium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a></b></div>46 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_silver" title="Isotopes of silver">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_silver#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of silver">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Ag</a></b></div>47 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cadmium" title="Isotopes of cadmium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cadmium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of cadmium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a></b></div>48 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_indium" title="Isotopes of indium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_indium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of indium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a></b></div>49 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tin" title="Isotopes of tin">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tin#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tin">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Sn</a></b></div>50 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_antimony" title="Isotopes of antimony">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_antimony#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of antimony">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Sb</a></b></div>51 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tellurium" title="Isotopes of tellurium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tellurium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tellurium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Te</a></b></div>52 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iodine" title="Isotopes of iodine">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iodine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of iodine">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">I</a></b></div>53 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_xenon" title="Isotopes of xenon">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_xenon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of xenon">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a></b></div>54 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ⑥" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">⑥</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_caesium" title="Isotopes of caesium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_caesium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of caesium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a></b></div>55 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_barium" title="Isotopes of barium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_barium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of barium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a></b></div>56 </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; background:#9bff99;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/16px-Asterisks_one.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/24px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/32px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lutetium" title="Isotopes of lutetium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lutetium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lutetium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a></b></div>71 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hafnium" title="Isotopes of hafnium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hafnium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of hafnium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a></b></div>72 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tantalum" title="Isotopes of tantalum">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tantalum#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tantalum">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a></b></div>73 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tungsten" title="Isotopes of tungsten">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tungsten#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tungsten">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">W</a></b></div>74 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rhenium" title="Isotopes of rhenium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rhenium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of rhenium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a></b></div>75 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_osmium" title="Isotopes of osmium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_osmium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of osmium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a></b></div>76 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iridium" title="Isotopes of iridium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iridium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of iridium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a></b></div>77 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_platinum" title="Isotopes of platinum">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_platinum#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of platinum">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Pt</a></b></div>78 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gold" title="Isotopes of gold">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gold#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of gold">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Au</a></b></div>79 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_mercury" title="Isotopes of mercury">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_mercury#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of mercury">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Hg</a></b></div>80 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thallium" title="Isotopes of thallium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thallium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of thallium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a></b></div>81 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lead" title="Isotopes of lead">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lead#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lead">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Pb</a></b></div>82 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bismuth" title="Isotopes of bismuth">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bismuth#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of bismuth">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bi</a></b></div>83 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_polonium" title="Isotopes of polonium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_polonium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of polonium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a></b></div>84 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_astatine" title="Isotopes of astatine">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_astatine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of astatine">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">At</a></b></div>85 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_radon" title="Isotopes of radon">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_radon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of radon">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a></b></div>86 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ⑦" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" title="Period 7 element">⑦</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_francium" title="Isotopes of francium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_francium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of francium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a></b></div>87 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_radium" title="Isotopes of radium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_radium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of radium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a></b></div>88 </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; background:#9bff99;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/16px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/24px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/32px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lawrencium" title="Isotopes of lawrencium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lawrencium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lawrencium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a></b></div>103 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rutherfordium" title="Isotopes of rutherfordium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rutherfordium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of rutherfordium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a></b></div>104 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_dubnium" title="Isotopes of dubnium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_dubnium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of dubnium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a></b></div>105 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isotopes</a>  <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#List_of_isotopes">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a></b></div>106 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bohrium" title="Isotopes of bohrium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bohrium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of bohrium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a></b></div>107 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hassium" title="Isotopes of hassium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hassium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of hassium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a></b></div>108 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_meitnerium" title="Isotopes of meitnerium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_meitnerium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of meitnerium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a></b></div>109 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_darmstadtium" title="Isotopes of darmstadtium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_darmstadtium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of darmstadtium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a></b></div>110 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_roentgenium" title="Isotopes of roentgenium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_roentgenium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of roentgenium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a></b></div>111 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_copernicium" title="Isotopes of copernicium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_copernicium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of copernicium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a></b></div>112 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nihonium" title="Isotopes of nihonium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nihonium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of nihonium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a></b></div>113 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_flerovium" title="Isotopes of flerovium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_flerovium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of flerovium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a></b></div>114 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_moscovium" title="Isotopes of moscovium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_moscovium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of moscovium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a></b></div>115 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_livermorium" title="Isotopes of livermorium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_livermorium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of livermorium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a></b></div>116 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tennessine" title="Isotopes of tennessine">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tennessine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tennessine">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Ts</a></b></div>117 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_oganesson" title="Isotopes of oganesson">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_oganesson#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of oganesson">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a></b></div>118 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ⑧" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_8_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 8 element">⑧</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#eee;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ununennium" title="Isotopes of ununennium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ununennium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of ununennium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Ununennium" title="Ununennium">Uue</a></b></div>119 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#eee;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_unbinilium" title="Isotopes of unbinilium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_unbinilium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of unbinilium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Unbinilium" title="Unbinilium">Ubn</a></b></div>120 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="20" style="height:1.4em;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/16px-Asterisks_one.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/24px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/32px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lanthanum" title="Isotopes of lanthanum">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lanthanum#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lanthanum">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">La</a></b></div>57 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cerium" title="Isotopes of cerium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cerium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of cerium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Ce</a></b></div>58 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_praseodymium" title="Isotopes of praseodymium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_praseodymium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of praseodymium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Pr</a></b></div>59 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neodymium" title="Isotopes of neodymium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neodymium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of neodymium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Nd</a></b></div>60 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_promethium" title="Isotopes of promethium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_promethium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of promethium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a></b></div>61 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_samarium" title="Isotopes of samarium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_samarium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of samarium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a></b></div>62 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_europium" title="Isotopes of europium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_europium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of europium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a></b></div>63 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gadolinium" title="Isotopes of gadolinium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gadolinium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of gadolinium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a></b></div>64 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_terbium" title="Isotopes of terbium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_terbium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of terbium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a></b></div>65 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_dysprosium" title="Isotopes of dysprosium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_dysprosium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of dysprosium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a></b></div>66 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_holmium" title="Isotopes of holmium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_holmium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of holmium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a></b></div>67 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_erbium" title="Isotopes of erbium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_erbium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of erbium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a></b></div>68 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thulium" title="Isotopes of thulium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thulium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of thulium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a></b></div>69 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ytterbium" title="Isotopes of ytterbium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ytterbium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of ytterbium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a></b></div>70 </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/16px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/24px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/32px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_actinium" title="Isotopes of actinium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_actinium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of actinium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a></b></div>89 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thorium" title="Isotopes of thorium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thorium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of thorium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a></b></div>90 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_protactinium" title="Isotopes of protactinium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_protactinium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of protactinium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a></b></div>91 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_uranium" title="Isotopes of uranium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_uranium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of uranium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a></b></div>92 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neptunium" title="Isotopes of neptunium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neptunium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of neptunium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a></b></div>93 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_plutonium" title="Isotopes of plutonium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_plutonium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of plutonium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a></b></div>94 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_americium" title="Isotopes of americium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_americium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of americium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a></b></div>95 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_curium" title="Isotopes of curium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_curium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of curium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a></b></div>96 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_berkelium" title="Isotopes of berkelium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_berkelium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of berkelium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a></b></div>97 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_californium" title="Isotopes of californium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_californium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of californium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a></b></div>98 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_einsteinium" title="Isotopes of einsteinium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_einsteinium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of einsteinium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a></b></div>99 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_fermium" title="Isotopes of fermium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_fermium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of fermium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a></b></div>100 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_mendelevium" title="Isotopes of mendelevium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_mendelevium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of mendelevium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a></b></div>101 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nobelium" title="Isotopes of nobelium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nobelium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of nobelium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a></b></div>102 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#f0f0f0;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_nuclides" title="Table of nuclides">Table of nuclides</a></li> <li>Categories: <a href="/wiki/Category:Isotopes" title="Category:Isotopes">Isotopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tables_of_nuclides" title="Category:Tables of nuclides">Tables of nuclides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Metastable_isotopes" title="Category:Metastable isotopes">Metastable isotopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_isotopes_by_element" title="Category:Lists of isotopes by element">Isotopes by element</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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