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searchaux" style="display:none">German-born researcher and inventor</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Gerhard W. Goetze</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerhard_W_Goetze_with_SEC_Tube_for_use_on_Apollo_Missions.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Gerhard_W_Goetze_with_SEC_Tube_for_use_on_Apollo_Missions.jpg/220px-Gerhard_W_Goetze_with_SEC_Tube_for_use_on_Apollo_Missions.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Gerhard_W_Goetze_with_SEC_Tube_for_use_on_Apollo_Missions.jpg/330px-Gerhard_W_Goetze_with_SEC_Tube_for_use_on_Apollo_Missions.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Gerhard_W_Goetze_with_SEC_Tube_for_use_on_Apollo_Missions.jpg/440px-Gerhard_W_Goetze_with_SEC_Tube_for_use_on_Apollo_Missions.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="2796" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Goetze with SEC tube for use on Apollo Missions</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Gerhard Wilhelm Goetze</div><br />June 19, 1930<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Niederdünzebach, <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 17, 2007<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Bad_Zwesten" title="Bad Zwesten">Bad Zwesten</a>, Germany</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Researcher and inventor</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gerhard Wilhelm Goetze</b> (June 19, 1930 – January 17, 2007) was a German-born Ph.D. researcher and inventor in <a href="/wiki/Atomic_physics" title="Atomic physics">atomic physics</a>. He was primarily known for his work on the Moon-to-Earth <a href="/wiki/Apollo_TV_camera" title="Apollo TV camera">Apollo TV camera</a> making live broadcast in both brilliant sunlight and pitch darkness possible.<sup id="cite_ref-Inventor_Gratified_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inventor_Gratified-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goetze discovered the secondary electron conduction (SEC) effect which amplified light through high-speed electrons deposited in thin film storage targets.<sup id="cite_ref-Tube_with_highly_porous_target_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tube_with_highly_porous_target-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SEC tube was additionally used in ground-based astronomy, inspection of <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuits</a>, electron-microscope-based biological tissue study, security, and night vision.<sup id="cite_ref-Night_Fighters_Enlist_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Night_Fighters_Enlist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goetze received ten patents for his inventions.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The images of the first man on the Moon are recorded through the work of Goetze.<sup id="cite_ref-Ray_of_Hope_for_Helping_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray_of_Hope_for_Helping-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973 Goetze received a <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute#Awards" title="Franklin Institute">Franklin Institute</a> Award, the Longstreth Medal established in 1890, for the conception and development of the SEC tube, which played an important role in television, night surveillance and ultraviolet astronomical observations.<sup id="cite_ref-FranklinInstitute_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FranklinInstitute-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1984 Goetze was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Rudolf-Diesel-Medaille" title="Rudolf-Diesel-Medaille">Rudolf-Diesel-Medaille</a>, an award by the German Institute for Inventions, for the applications of the secondary electron conduction tube in industry.<sup id="cite_ref-Diesel_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diesel-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Herbert_Fritsche_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herbert_Fritsche-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_W._Goetze&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_W._Goetze&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gerhard W. Goetze was born in Niederdünzebach near <a href="/wiki/Eschwege" title="Eschwege">Eschwege</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hessen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hessen">Hessen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> on June 19, 1930, to Walter Kurt Götze, a businessman, and Anna Katherine Sieland. He attended the local primary school until his father was transferred to Bartenstein, near Königsberg, East Prussia, Germany to work at the local <i>Volksschule</i> (primary school). </p><p>Goetze attended the Volksschule from 1936 to 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-Herbert_Fritsche_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herbert_Fritsche-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goetze, along with his mother and baby sister, fled Bartenstein, now named <a href="/wiki/Bartoszyce" title="Bartoszyce">Bartoszyce</a>, on the last train on January 22, 1945, during the <a href="/wiki/Evacuation_of_East_Prussia" title="Evacuation of East Prussia">evacuation of East Prussia</a>. They made their way back to the family home in Niederdünzebach. Gerhard attended the <i>Gymnasium</i> or college preparatory school, the Friedrich-Wilhelm Schule in Eschwege from 1946 to 1949 where he received his <i><a href="/wiki/Abitur" title="Abitur">Abitur</a></i> diploma.<sup id="cite_ref-Herbert_Fritsche_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herbert_Fritsche-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1949 to 1958 Goetze studied and taught physics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Marburg" title="University of Marburg">University of Marburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1951, he became a member of one of the oldest academic fraternities, the <a href="/wiki/German_Student_Corps" title="German Student Corps">German Student Corps</a>, Saxonia,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> founded in 1886, with the motto <i>In Treue Fest</i> or "In Loyalty Firm". </p><p>His concentration in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">nuclear physics</a> led to his doctoral thesis in <i>Zerfallsschema und Beta-Spektrum des MsTh1 (Ra228)</i> (Disintegration Schematic and Beta Spectrum of Mesothorium) (<a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_radium" title="Isotopes of radium">isotopes of radium</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goetze later found <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electrons</a> to be more interesting and continued his work in atomic physics.<sup id="cite_ref-Ray_of_Hope_for_Helping_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray_of_Hope_for_Helping-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_and_children">Marriage and children</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_W._Goetze&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriage and children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1954, Gerhard married Lisa Herta Kohlus of Eschwege. They had five children, two born in the convent of <a href="/wiki/Vincent_de_Paul" title="Vincent de Paul">Vincent de Paul</a> in Eschwege, Germany; Regina Karin and Martin Gerhard and three children born in Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania, US; Frank Walter, Arleen Susan and Thomas Wilhelm. Their marriage ended in divorce. </p><p>He had a daughter with his second wife.<sup id="cite_ref-Herbert_Fritsche_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herbert_Fritsche-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emigration_to_the_US">Emigration to the US</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_W._Goetze&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Emigration to the US"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goetze traveled from Germany to New York in January 1959 with his pregnant wife and two children under the sponsorship of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="United States Department of the Army">United States Department of the Army</a> in the national interest. They lived for several months in the Alamac Hotel on Broadway and West 71st Street in New York City until employment was found.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the summer of 1959 the family moved to <a href="/wiki/Monroeville,_Pennsylvania" title="Monroeville, Pennsylvania">Monroeville, Pennsylvania</a>, where Goetze worked for the <a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Corporation" title="Westinghouse Electric Corporation">Westinghouse Electric Corporation</a> Research and Development Laboratories in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-John_Reisner_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Reisner-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His early research on <a href="/wiki/Night_vision" title="Night vision">night vision</a> was initially classified for the Department of Defense.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was later declassified by the federal government after use along the South Vietnam frontier and for use by NASA and police anti-crime measures.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1964, he moved with his wife and five children to <a href="/wiki/Elmira,_New_York" title="Elmira, New York">Elmira, New York</a>, to continue his work at the Westinghouse Cathode Ray Tube facility in nearby Horseheads, New York. As operations manager, Goetze grew the department from a team of six to more than 170 scientists and staff.<sup id="cite_ref-Ray_of_Hope_for_Helping_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray_of_Hope_for_Helping-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His work through Westinghouse was an integral part of the NASA space program. </p><p>Goetze became a US citizen on July 4, 1967, in Ithaca, New York. At that time, he changed his name from Götze to Goetze.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Employment_at_Westinghouse">Employment at Westinghouse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_W._Goetze&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Employment at Westinghouse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1959-1964 – Scientific researcher and senior physicist, Westinghouse Research and Development Laboratories in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-John_Reisner_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Reisner-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1964-1969 – Operations manager of the Image Tube Department at Westinghouse, Horseheads, New York.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1969 – Academic sabbatical to attend the Sloan Business School, MIT, Massachusetts, US.</li> <li>1969-1983 – Various positions with Westinghouse International, Frankfurt, Germany with his last position as director of electronic components in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Westinghouse_forms_2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Westinghouse_forms_2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_positions">Other positions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_W._Goetze&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1965-1969 – Named to the Defense Advisory Group on Electronic Devices, Office of the Secretary of Defense.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1966 – Senior member of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</a>.</li> <li>1970 – Civilian consultant to the Department of Defense as a member of the Advisory Group on Electronic Devices.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1970 – Adjunct professor for electrical engineering at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Rhode_Island" title="University of Rhode Island">University of Rhode Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Westinghouse_forms_2_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Westinghouse_forms_2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1973 – <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute" title="Franklin Institute">Franklin Institute</a> – elected as a life fellow.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_development_in_Germany">Business development in Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_W._Goetze&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Business development in Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1981 Goetze headed Fanal Elektric, an electronic components manufacturer in Germany, who sold 95% of its stock shares to Westinghouse to secure the American Market. In 1989, Goetze along with other investors, purchased Fanal Elektric from Westinghouse and grew Fanal with 3 other firms; Hundt & Weber, Maihak Aktiengesellschaft and Fanalmatic GmbH into an international company under Goetze and Scheffler Group, GmbH.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His firms employed over 1,000 people. The Goetze and Scheffler Group suffered a severe decline in sales with the financial catastrophe of <a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Corporation" title="Westinghouse Electric Corporation">Westinghouse Electric Corporation</a> in the 1990s. The G&S Group ultimately closed as a business. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life_and_soaring">Personal life and soaring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_W._Goetze&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life and soaring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goetze's passion in life was for <a href="/wiki/Gliding" title="Gliding">gliding</a>. He began his interest at the Blaue Kuppe in the countryside of the <a href="/wiki/Werra-Mei%C3%9Fner-Kreis" title="Werra-Meißner-Kreis">Werra-Meißner area</a>. Goetze was one of the early members (1964) of the Eschwege Luftsportverrein (local glider soaring club).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While living in Elmira, New York, Goetze spent many weekends with his family at the Harris Hill Soaring<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Club pursuing his hobby as a sailplane pilot.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1969 Goetze traveled to <a href="/wiki/Pikes_Peak" title="Pikes Peak">Pikes Peak</a> near Colorado Springs, Colorado for the final qualifying test for the prestigious 3 Diamond Badge in gliding from the <a href="/wiki/FAI_Gliding_Commission" title="FAI Gliding Commission">FAI Gliding Commission</a>. His airplane towed him to 2,000 feet above ground level and from there using only airwave <a href="/wiki/Lift_(soaring)" title="Lift (soaring)">lift</a>, soared to an altitude of 28,000 feet (8,500 meters).)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerhard_W_Goetze_and_Schweizer_sailplane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gerhard_W_Goetze_and_Schweizer_sailplane.jpg/220px-Gerhard_W_Goetze_and_Schweizer_sailplane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gerhard_W_Goetze_and_Schweizer_sailplane.jpg/330px-Gerhard_W_Goetze_and_Schweizer_sailplane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gerhard_W_Goetze_and_Schweizer_sailplane.jpg/440px-Gerhard_W_Goetze_and_Schweizer_sailplane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2968" data-file-height="2104" /></a><figcaption>Goetze in a Schweizer sailplane</figcaption></figure> <p>Goetze was a long-time member of the <a href="/wiki/Soaring_Society_of_America" title="Soaring Society of America">Soaring Society of America</a> (SSA).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goetze was also a commercial pilot.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He continued his joy for flying his entire life. His last aircraft, a 1960 single engine <a href="/wiki/Cessna_182_Skylane" title="Cessna 182 Skylane">Cessna 182 Skylane</a> was flown in 2007 after his death by his two sons, Frank, senior pilot for FedEx and Thomas, mechanical engineer, across the Atlantic Ocean over 10 days and 40 flight hours from <a href="/wiki/Kassel_Airport" title="Kassel Airport">Kassel Airport</a>, Germany to <a href="/wiki/Beaver_County_Airport" title="Beaver County Airport">Beaver County Airport</a>, Pennsylvania via Denmark, Norway, the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>, Iceland, Greenland and Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_W._Goetze&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goetze died on January 17, 2007, in <a href="/wiki/Bad_Zwesten" title="Bad Zwesten">Bad Zwesten</a>, Germany at the age of 76 after suffering a severe stroke a month earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-Herbert_Fritsche_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herbert_Fritsche-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is buried in the local cemetery in his home village in Niederdünzebach (Eschwege), Germany. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_career,_Westinghouse_and_Department_of_Defense"><span id="Scientific_career.2C_Westinghouse_and_Department_of_Defense"></span>Scientific career, Westinghouse and Department of Defense</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_W._Goetze&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Scientific career, Westinghouse and Department of Defense"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 1960 at the Fifth International Congress on High Speed Photography, A. Anderson, manager of the applied physics department of Westinghouse Research Laboratories stated that, "a new electronic tube, so sensitive it can 'see' individual particles of light, has enabled Westinghouse scientists to photograph the faint tracks of <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ray" title="Cosmic ray">cosmic ray</a> as they move through solid crystal at speeds near the velocity of light." The Astracon, light amplifier tube, was brought to practical application by Goetze. His research was supported in part by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">United States Atomic Energy Commission</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">United States Army Corps of Engineers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 1960s in the Pittsburgh research laboratories the SEC (secondary electron conduction) effect was discovered by Goetze.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Reisner_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Reisner-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was developed for the Department of Defense (DoD) for <a href="/wiki/Night_vision" title="Night vision">Night vision</a> in Vietnam. It had the capability to produce clear images in motion at low light levels without motion distortion.<sup id="cite_ref-Night_Fighters_Enlist_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Night_Fighters_Enlist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SEC tube had DoD highly top secret security classification<sup id="cite_ref-Steven-Boniecki_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steven-Boniecki-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was the only device that could meet the Apollo camera mission requirements to operate in both lunar day and night. The DoD was asked to allow Westinghouse the use of the SEC tube for the Apollo TV Camera program. The task to develop this unique SEC tube was headed by Goetze at the Westinghouse Tube Division in Elmira, New York.<sup id="cite_ref-Steven-Boniecki_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steven-Boniecki-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SEC tube was used to build a camera to transmit live images from the Moon to Earth on <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a>. The tube was also employed in science in electron microscope biological tissue study; ground-based astronomy, material testing and inspection of integral circuits in industry, and security and police.<sup id="cite_ref-Ray_of_Hope_for_Helping_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray_of_Hope_for_Helping-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SEC tube was used on the <a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory">Orbiting Astronomical Observatory</a> as the main sensor, on Apollo 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13, in the ATM Satellites as well as the OSO-H and SAS-D space projects. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">Apollo 12</a> lunar camera sustained damage when it was inadvertently pointed directly towards the Sun damaging its sensor.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1969 Westinghouse was awarded the contract for the TV image tube for the <a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking program</a> of 1972. Goetze oversaw the development of the Mars camera.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SEC tube was awarded the "Most Meritorious Patent Award" at Westinghouse.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lunar_Camera_Tube_Program_chronology">Lunar Camera Tube Program chronology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_W._Goetze&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lunar Camera Tube Program chronology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>September 1963 – First contact with NASA/Houston and Grumman Aircraft to propose use of SEC tube for television transmission from LEM</li> <li>May 1964- Formal proposal for a lunar Television Camera made to the Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, by the Westinghouse Aerospace and Electronic Tube Division</li> <li>September 1964 - Camera tube contract let by NASA<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_Photo_AS11-37-5545.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/NASA_Photo_AS11-37-5545.jpg/220px-NASA_Photo_AS11-37-5545.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/NASA_Photo_AS11-37-5545.jpg/330px-NASA_Photo_AS11-37-5545.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/NASA_Photo_AS11-37-5545.jpg/440px-NASA_Photo_AS11-37-5545.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3301" data-file-height="3257" /></a><figcaption>Lunar camera used to transmit live pictures to Earth and US flag as seen from the Apollo 11 <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Module_Eagle" title="Lunar Module Eagle">Lunar Module <i>Eagle</i></a></figcaption></figure></li> <li>September 1964 - First tube start with high-power heater (WX-30293)</li> <li>September 1964 - First tube start with low-power heater (WX-31034)</li> <li>May 1965 – First flight candidate delivered to Westinghouse Aerospace Division</li> <li>July 1966 – First start on the Lunar Camera Tube Program</li> <li>May 1969 - <a href="/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10">Apollo 10</a> crew send first color television pictures from outer space to Earth<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>July 1969 – Television pictures of man's first steps on the Moon. Through joint efforts, one quarter of the population of the Earth was able to see the first steps of the first men on the Moon. <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i> magazine estimated that 600 million people watched the first step on the Moon by Armstrong.<sup id="cite_ref-LIFE_special_1969_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LIFE_special_1969-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "People from 47 countries watched the astronauts ... Images of the flag-planting ceremony passed through the fixed-focus lens of the camera, were transformed into electrical impulses, amplified a hundred times and beamed directly to earth."<sup id="cite_ref-LIFE_special_1969_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LIFE_special_1969-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The WX-31034 Lunar Camera Tube remains at <a href="/wiki/Tranquility_Base" title="Tranquility Base">Tranquility Base</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mare_Tranquillitatis" title="Mare Tranquillitatis">Mare Tranquillitatis</a> (Sea of Tranquility) on the Moon's surface.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patents">Patents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_W._Goetze&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Patents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>3,735,032 – Television Pick-Up Tube Device<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>3,657,596 – Electronic Image Device Having Target Comprising Porous Region Adjacent Conductive Layer and Outer, Denser Region<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>3,560,792 – Apparatus for Observing Display Screens of Instruments Using Particle Beams<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>3,441,787 – Secondary Storage Electron Conduction Storage System<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>3,408,531 – Storage System<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>3,405,309 – Radiation Detection System<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>3,254,252 – Image Device<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>3,213,316 – Tube with Highly Porous Target<sup id="cite_ref-Tube_with_highly_porous_target_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tube_with_highly_porous_target-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>3,155,860 - Continuously Variable Permanent Magnet for Imaging Purposes<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>3,128,406 - Radiation Image Pickup Tube<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2,845,900.9 – Contacts for Electrical Heavy Current Switches (German Patent)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_W._Goetze&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1966 – Goetze's lunar camera tube was named one of the 100 most outstanding scientific and technical achievements by <i>Industrial Research Magazine</i><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1969 – Received his Diamond C International Award from the Soaring Society of America (SSA).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1973 – Franklin Institute Award, Longstreth Medal for the conception and development of the secondary electron conduction Tube.<sup id="cite_ref-FranklinInstitute_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FranklinInstitute-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1984 – Rudolf Diesel Medal Award<sup id="cite_ref-Diesel_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diesel-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_W._Goetze&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Example_farm plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists#List_size" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">irrelevant</a> examples</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_W._Goetze&action=edit">improve the article</a> by adding descriptive text and removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Example_cruft" title="Wikipedia:Example cruft">less pertinent examples</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>G. Goetze and H. Kanter, <u>A High Gain Image Intensifier System with Fast Shutter Action for Application in High Energy Physics, Nuclear Instruments and Methods, Journal on Accelerators, Instrumentation and Techniques in Nuclear Physics</u>, K.Sigbahn-Uppsala, Editor, March 1961, pp 224 – 228.</li> <li>E.J. Sternglass and G.W. Goetze, Westinghouse Research Laboratories, <u>Field-Enhanced Transmission Secondary Emission for High-Speed Counting</u>, IRE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Volume NS-, Number 3, June 1962, Proceedings of the Eighth Scintillation Counter Symposium, Washington, DC March 1–3, 1962, Published by the Professional Group on Nuclear Science.</li> <li>A.E.Sanderson, G.W. Goetze, and H. Kanter, <u>The Astracon Tube and Its Application to High-Speed Photography<u></u>, High Speed Photography,</u> Fifth International Congress, J.S. Courtney-Pratt, B.E., Editor, Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, New York, New York, 1962, Section C-1, pp. 95–97.</li> <li>G.W. Goetze, A. H. Boerio and H. Shabanowitz, <u>Applied Research on SEC Amplification Camera Tube</u>, an unclassified document released by the Air Force Avionics Laboratory, 1963.</li> <li>R.R. Collins, R.R. Beyer, J.S.Kalafut and G.W. Goetze, <u>A Family of Multi-stage Direct-view Image Intensifiers with Fiber-optic Coupling, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics</u>, Edited by L. Marton, Volume 28A, Academic Press, New York and London, 1969, Fourth Symposium at Imperial College, London, Photo-Electronic Image Devices September 16–20, 1968, pp. 105–118</li> <li>G.W.Goetze and A.H.Boerio, <u>SEC Camera-tube Performance Characteristics and Applications, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics</u>, Edited by L. Marton, Volume 28A, Academic Press, New York and London, 1969, Fourth Symposium at Imperial College, London, Photo-Electronic Image Devices September 16–20, 1968, pp. 159–171</li> <li>A. Choudry, G.W.Goetze, S. Nudelman and T.Y. Shen, <u>Photoelectronic Image Recording Device Optimized for High Detective Quantum Efficiency, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics</u>, Edited by L. Marton, Volume 28B, Academic Press, New York and London, 1969, Fourth Symposium at Imperial College, London, Photo-Electronic Image Devices September 16–20, 1968, pp 903–910</li> <li>G. W. Goetze and A. B. Laponsky, <u>Camera Tubes Employing High-Gain Electron-Imaging Charge-Storage Targets, Photoelectronic Imaging Devices, Devices and Their Evaluation</u>, Volume 2, Edited by Lucien M. Biberman and Sol Nudelman, Chapter 11, Plenum Press, New York, 1971<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>G. W. Goetze and A. B. Laponsky, <u>Early Stages in the Development of Camera Tubes Employing the Silicon-Diode Array as an Electron Charge Storage Target</u>, Photoelectronic Imaging Devices, Devices and Their Evaluation, Volume 2, Edited by Lucien M. Biberman and Sol Nudelman, Chapter 12, Plenum Press, New York, 1971</li> <li>G. W. Goetze and A. B. Laponsky, <u>Camera Tubes Employing High-Gain Electron-Imaging Charge-Storage Targets, Photoelectronic Imaging Devices, Devices and Their Evaluation</u>, Volume 2, Edited by Lucien M. Biberman and Sol Nudelman, Chapter 11, pp 217–251, Plenum Press, New York, 1971</li> <li>G. W. Goetze and A. B. Laponsky, <u>Early Stages in the Development of Camera Tubes Employing the Silicon Diode Array as an Electron-Imaging Storage Target</u>, Photoelectronic Imaging Devices, Devices and Their Evaluation, Volume 2, Edited by Lucien M. Biberman and Sol Nudelman–Chapter 12, pp 253–262, Plenum Press, New York, 1971</li> <li>A. Choudry, G. Goetze, S. Nudelman, <u>Electronic Plate Image Recording Device</u>, Fifth Symposium on Photoelectronic Image Devices, Imperial College, London, England, September 13–17, 1971, Abstracts and Information, pp 97–102, University of Rhode Island and Westinghouse Electronic Tube Division, Elmira, New York.</li> <li>A. Choudry, G.W.Goetze, S. Nudelman and T.Y. Shen, <u>Photoelectronic Image Recording Device Optimized for High Detective Quantum Efficiency Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics</u>, Edited by L. Marton, Volume 33B, Academic Press, New York and London, 1972, Fifth Symposium at Imperial College, London, Photo-Electronic Image Devices September 13–17, 1971, pp 903–910</li> <li>E. Fenner, H. Heinrich and S. Schweda with Siemans, Germany and G.W.Goetze and R.R. Beyer with Westinghouse Electronic Tube Division, USA, <u>X-Ray Camera Tube with SEC Target</u>, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics, Edited by L. Marton, Volume 33B, Academic Press, New York and London, 1972, Fifth Symposium at Imperial College, London, Photo-Electronic Image Devices September 13–17, 1971, pp 1061–1067.</li> <li>A. B. Laponski, D. D. Doughty, M. Green and G. W. Goetze, <u>Television Camera Tubes and Direct View Intensifiers for Low Light Level Imaging with Ultraviolet, Visible and Infra-Red Radiation</u>, Optik, Zeitschrift für Licht und Elektronenoptik, Band 40, Heft 4, Juli 1974, Stuttgart, Germany, pp 381– 399.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_W._Goetze&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Inventor_Gratified-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Inventor_Gratified_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Star-Gazette" title="Star-Gazette">Star-Gazette</a></i>, July 21, 1969 – "Westinghouse Inventor 'Gratified' with Moon Show".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tube_with_highly_porous_target-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tube_with_highly_porous_target_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tube_with_highly_porous_target_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=03213316&homeurl=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2%2526Sect2=HITOFF%2526u=%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsearch-adv.htm%2526r=8%2526p=1%2526f=G%2526l=50%2526d=PALL%2526S1=goetze-gerhard-w.INNM.%2526OS=in/goetze-gerhard-w%2526RS=IN/goetze-gerhard-w&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page">"Patent Images"</a>. <i>Pdfpiw.uspto.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pdfpiw.uspto.gov&rft.atitle=Patent+Images&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfpiw.uspto.gov%2F.piw%3FDocid%3D03213316%26homeurl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%252526Sect2%3DHITOFF%252526u%3D%2525252Fnetahtml%2525252FPTO%2525252Fsearch-adv.htm%252526r%3D8%252526p%3D1%252526f%3DG%252526l%3D50%252526d%3DPALL%252526S1%3Dgoetze-gerhard-w.INNM.%252526OS%3Din%2Fgoetze-gerhard-w%252526RS%3DIN%2Fgoetze-gerhard-w%26PageNum%3D%26Rtype%3D%26SectionNum%3D%26idkey%3DNONE%26Input%3DView%2Bfirst%2Bpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerhard+W.+Goetze" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoetze,_G._W.Boerio,_A._H.1964" class="citation journal cs1">Goetze, G. W.; Boerio, A. H. (September 1964). "Secondary electron conduction (SEC) for signal amplification and storage in camera tubes". <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_IEEE" title="Proceedings of the IEEE">Proceedings of the IEEE</a></i>. <b>52</b> (9): 1007–1012. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FPROC.1964.3230">10.1109/PROC.1964.3230</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-9219">0018-9219</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+IEEE&rft.atitle=Secondary+electron+conduction+%28SEC%29+for+signal+amplification+and+storage+in+camera+tubes&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1007-1012&rft.date=1964-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FPROC.1964.3230&rft.issn=0018-9219&rft.au=Goetze%2C+G.+W.&rft.au=Boerio%2C+A.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerhard+W.+Goetze" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Night_Fighters_Enlist-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Night_Fighters_Enlist_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Night_Fighters_Enlist_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Stevens Point Journal</i>, September 16, 1966 – Night Fighters Enlist Latest from Science</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Star-Gazette</i>, July 21, 1969 – Westinghouse Inventor "Gratified" with Moon Show</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoetze" class="citation web cs1">Goetze, Gerhard W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.htm&r=0&p=1&f=S&l=50&Query=in%2Fgoetze-gerhard-w&d=PALL">"Patent Database"</a>. <i>United States Patent and Trademark Office</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Patent+and+Trademark+Office&rft.atitle=Patent+Database&rft.aulast=Goetze&rft.aufirst=Gerhard+W&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%26Sect2%3DHITOFF%26u%3D%252Fnetahtml%252FPTO%252Fsearch-adv.htm%26r%3D0%26p%3D1%26f%3DS%26l%3D50%26Query%3Din%252Fgoetze-gerhard-w%26d%3DPALL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerhard+W.+Goetze" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ray_of_Hope_for_Helping-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ray_of_Hope_for_Helping_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ray_of_Hope_for_Helping_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ray_of_Hope_for_Helping_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ray_of_Hope_for_Helping_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Star-Gazette</i>, August 24, 1969 – TV Used on Moon Seen as a Ray of Hope for Helping Blind</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FranklinInstitute-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FranklinInstitute_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FranklinInstitute_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fi.edu/laureates/gerhard-w-goetze">Gerhard W. Goetze</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute" title="Franklin Institute">Franklin Institute</a>; retrieved December 8, 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diesel-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Diesel_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diesel_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">* <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dieselmedaille.de/?s=Gerhard+W+Goetze&submit=Suche">Suchergebnisse zu: Gerhard W Goetze</a>, at the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsches_Institut_f%C3%BCr_Erfindungswesen" class="extiw" title="de:Deutsches Institut für Erfindungswesen">Deutsches Institut für Erfindungswesen</a>; retrieved December 8, 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herbert_Fritsche-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Herbert_Fritsche_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herbert_Fritsche_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herbert_Fritsche_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herbert_Fritsche_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herbert_Fritsche_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFritsche2015" class="citation book cs1">Fritsche, Herbert (2015). <i>Eschwege Lexicon</i>. Kassel, Germany: Thiele & Schwarz. pp. 242–243. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-00-049311-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-00-049311-9"><bdi>978-3-00-049311-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eschwege+Lexicon&rft.place=Kassel%2C+Germany&rft.pages=242-243&rft.pub=Thiele+%26+Schwarz&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-3-00-049311-9&rft.aulast=Fritsche&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerhard+W.+Goetze" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eschwege Lexicon, Herbert Fritsche, Theile & Schwarz, Kassel, 2015, pp 242-243.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">70 Jahre Turnerschaft in CC SAXONIA zu Marburg, 1886-1956, p. 126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoetze1960" class="citation journal cs1">Goetze, Gerhard (June 1, 1960). "Zerfallsschema und β-Spektrum des MsTh1 (Ra228)". <i>Zeitschrift für Physik</i>. <b>158</b> (3): 347–358. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1960ZPhy..158..347G">1960ZPhy..158..347G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01340565">10.1007/BF01340565</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:121931054">121931054</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Physik&rft.atitle=Zerfallsschema+und+%CE%B2-Spektrum+des+MsTh1+%28Ra228%29&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=347-358&rft.date=1960-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A121931054%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01340565&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1960ZPhy..158..347G&rft.aulast=Goetze&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerhard+W.+Goetze" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoetze1959" class="citation news cs1">Goetze, Gerhard (January 1959). "Goetze, Gerhard Wilhelm". <i>Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency, Room 2E961-G, The Pentagon</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Joint+Intelligence+Objectives+Agency%2C+Room+2E961-G%2C+The+Pentagon&rft.atitle=Goetze%2C+Gerhard+Wilhelm&rft.date=1959-01&rft.aulast=Goetze&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerhard+W.+Goetze" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, August 1, 1961 – New System Makes X-ray Brighter, New Electronic System Increases Light 1,000 Times.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-John_Reisner-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-John_Reisner_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_Reisner_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-John_Reisner_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, November 1, 1963 – TV Camera Will See in Near-Darkness, Tube Developed by Westinghouse Will Send Back Pictures from Space</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoetze1963" class="citation journal cs1">Goetze, G.W. (September 1963). "Applied research on SEC Amplification Camera Tube". <i>Defense Documentation Center for Scientific and Technical Information</i>. <b>419120</b>: iii–28 – via Defense Documentation Center, Cameron Station, Alexandria, Virginia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defense+Documentation+Center+for+Scientific+and+Technical+Information&rft.atitle=Applied+research+on+SEC+Amplification+Camera+Tube&rft.volume=419120&rft.pages=iii-28&rft.date=1963-09&rft.aulast=Goetze&rft.aufirst=G.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerhard+W.+Goetze" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMack1971" class="citation news cs1">Mack, Dave (March 29, 1971). 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August 28, 1969.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Star-Gazette&rft.atitle=Dr.+Goetze+Given+Special+Patent+Award&rft.date=1969-08-28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerhard+W.+Goetze" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Westinghouse_forms_2-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Westinghouse_forms_2_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Westinghouse_forms_2_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Westinghouse Forms 2 Foreign Marketing Units". <i>Star-Gazette</i>. 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Franklin Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Committee+on+Science+and+the+Arts+Case+No.+3526&rft.pub=Franklin+Institute&rft.date=1973-06-27&rft.aulast=Reisner&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerhard+W.+Goetze" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steven-Boniecki-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Steven-Boniecki_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steven-Boniecki_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteven-Boniecki2010" class="citation book cs1">Steven-Boniecki, Dwight (2010). <i>Live TV From the Moon</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pdfpiw.uspto.gov&rft.atitle=Patent+Images&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfpiw.uspto.gov%2F.piw%3FDocid%3D03405309%26homeurl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%252526Sect2%3DHITOFF%252526u%3D%2525252Fnetahtml%2525252FPTO%2525252Fsearch-adv.htm%252526r%3D6%252526p%3D1%252526f%3DG%252526l%3D50%252526d%3DPALL%252526S1%3Dgoetze-gerhard-w.INNM.%252526OS%3Din%2Fgoetze-gerhard-w%252526RS%3DIN%2Fgoetze-gerhard-w%26PageNum%3D%26Rtype%3D%26SectionNum%3D%26idkey%3DNONE%26Input%3DView%2Bfirst%2Bpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerhard+W.+Goetze" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.htm&r=7&p=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=goetze-gerhard-w.INNM.&OS=in/goetze-gerhard-w&RS=IN/goetze-gerhard-w">"United States Patent: 3254252"</a>. <i>Patft.uspto.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pdfpiw.uspto.gov&rft.atitle=Patent+Images&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdfpiw.uspto.gov%2F.piw%3FDocid%3D03128406%26homeurl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%252526Sect2%3DHITOFF%252526u%3D%2525252Fnetahtml%2525252FPTO%2525252Fsearch-adv.htm%252526r%3D10%252526p%3D1%252526f%3DG%252526l%3D50%252526d%3DPALL%252526S1%3Dgoetze-gerhard-w.INNM.%252526OS%3Din%2Fgoetze-gerhard-w%252526RS%3DIN%2Fgoetze-gerhard-w%26PageNum%3D%26Rtype%3D%26SectionNum%3D%26idkey%3DNONE%26Input%3DView%2Bfirst%2Bpage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerhard+W.+Goetze" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Star-Gazette</i>, October 9, 1966 –Tube Plant Official Cited for Moon-to-Earth TV Camera</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssa.org/BadgesAndRecords?show=blog&id=3105">US Badges</a> at the Soaring Society of America (select '1969' on pulldown menu); retrieved December 8, 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoetzeLaponsky1971" class="citation book cs1">Goetze, G. W.; Laponsky, A. B. (January 5, 1971). "Camera Tubes Employing High-Gain Electron-Imaging Charge-Storage Targets". <i>Photoelectronic Imaging Devices</i>. Springer, Boston, MA. pp. 217–251. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4684-2931-2_11">10.1007/978-1-4684-2931-2_11</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4684-2933-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4684-2933-6"><bdi>978-1-4684-2933-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Camera+Tubes+Employing+High-Gain+Electron-Imaging+Charge-Storage+Targets&rft.btitle=Photoelectronic+Imaging+Devices&rft.pages=217-251&rft.pub=Springer%2C+Boston%2C+MA&rft.date=1971-01-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4684-2931-2_11&rft.isbn=978-1-4684-2933-6&rft.aulast=Goetze&rft.aufirst=G.+W.&rft.au=Laponsky%2C+A.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerhard+W.+Goetze" 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